5. Cammakkhandhako · 5. 皮革篇集
5. Cammakkhandhako五、皮革篇集
Soṇakoḷivisakathādivaṇṇanā索那拘利维萨事等的注释
§242
242. Cammakkhandhake uṇṇapāvāraṇanti ubhato lomāni uṭṭhāpetvā kataṃ uṇṇamayaṃ pāvāraṇaṃ, ubhato kappāsapicuṃ uṭṭhāpetvā vītapāvāropi atthi, tato nivattanatthaṃ ‘‘uṇṇapāvāraṇa’’nti vuttaṃ.
242. 毛皮蕴中所说的毛被覆盖者，是指把两面毛发竖起而形成的毛质覆盖物。两面都竖起的棉花似的毛皮覆盖物，也称为无毛覆盖物（无须毛被覆盖物）。因此，为了消除障碍，称此为『毛被覆盖』。
Aḍḍhacandapāsāṇeti sopānamūle upaḍḍhaṃ anto pavesetvā ṭhapite aḍḍhapāsāṇe. Pāḷiyaṃ vihārapacchāyāyanti vihārapaccante chāyāya, vihārassa vaḍḍhamānacchāyāyantipi vadanti.
所谓拱顶石，是指在阶梯底部斜插、支撑的拱形石块。巴利文中称为『庙宇背阴处』的阴影，即为寺院附近的阴影，也被称作寺院上方逐渐增长的阴影。
§243
243.Bhogāti upayogatthe paccattavacanaṃ. Accāyatāti atiāyatā kharamucchanā. Saravatīti madhurasarasaṃyuttā. Atisithilā mandamucchanā. Vīriyasamathanti vīriyasampayuttasamathaṃ. Tattha ca nimittaṃ gaṇhāhīti tasmiñca samabhāve sati yaṃ ādāse mukhanimittaṃ viya nimittaṃ uppajjati, taṃ samathanimittaṃ, vipassanānimittaṃ, magganimittaṃ, phalanimittañca gaṇhāhi nibbattehīti, evamassa arahattapariyosānaṃ kammaṭṭhānaṃ kathitaṃ.
243. 所谓享用，是指特定用途的单数词。过度走极端之意，为猛烈的断绝。所谓甜蜜柔和，是指甘美柔软之意。极为松懈者，为缓慢的断绝。所谓精进平静，是指与精进相应的平静。这里说“取其相应缘起”，是指同一状态中如受命令般从口产生的相，当作是平静相、观相、道相、果相来分析研究，则称之为停止（涅槃）。据此说是阿拉汉究竟目的的修行法门。
§244
244.Chaṭhānānīti cha kāraṇāni. Adhimuttoti paṭivijjhitvā ṭhito. Nekkhammādhimuttotiādi sabbaṃ arahattavasena vuttaṃ. Arahattañhi sabbakilesehi nikkhantattā nekkhammaṃ, teheva ca pavivittattā paviveko, byāpajjābhāvato abyāpajjaṃ, upādānassa khayante uppannattā upādānakkhayo, taṇhakkhayante uppannattā taṇhakkhayo, sammohābhāvato asammohoti ca vuccati.
244. 六因者，即六种原因。所谓坚定，谓正确定见的站立。所谓涅槃坚定等，则是指一切阿拉汉境界所说的涅槃境界。阿拉汉已经断尽一切烦恼，因而出离世间；亦因此独处离群，失去爱染，断尽渴爱，因无迷惑而谓之清净无迷。
Kevalaṃ saddhāmattakanti kevalaṃ paṭivedhapaññāya asammissaṃ saddhāmattakaṃ. Paṭicayanti punappunaṃ karaṇena vaḍḍhiṃ. Vītarāgattāti maggapaṭivedhena rāgassa vigatattā eva nekkhammasaṅkhātaṃ arahattaṃ paṭivijjhitvā sacchikatvā ṭhito hoti. Sesapadesupi eseva nayo. Pavivekādhimuttoti ‘‘paviveke adhimutto aha’’nti evaṃ arahattaṃ byākarotīti attho.
所谓纯信相量，是指不掺杂智慧之纯粹信心。反复累计因缘而增长。所谓断除贪欲，即以断灭贪欲的智慧洞见涅槃、阿拉汉境界，经证实而坚定。其他词语亦同此含义。所谓清净出离坚定，则是说『我已证得清净的出离定』，由此宣说阿拉汉境界。
Sīlabbataparāmāsanti sīlañca vatañca parāmasitvā gahitaggahaṇamattaṃ. Sārato paccāgacchantoti sārabhāvena jānanto. Abyāpajjādhimuttoti abyāpajjaṃ arahattaṃ byākaroti.
所谓戒法持守，是指持守戒律并严加遵奉，做到亲力亲为。所谓知往相返，是指知道护持并回归原处。所谓无染坚定，是指无染污的阿拉汉境界。
Amissīkatanti amissakataṃ. Kilesā hi ārammaṇena saddhiṃ cittaṃ missaṃ karonti, tesaṃ abhāvā amissīkataṃ. Bhusā vātavuṭṭhīti balavavātakkhandho.
Amissīkatanti，谓失去、消失之义。因五毒烦恼与心同起，导致心被污染，无烦恼即为消逝、失去烦恼。『Bhusa vātavuṭṭhīti』是指有力的风形成的风蕴。
Upādānakkhayassa cāti upayogatthe sāmivacanaṃ. Disvā āyatanuppādanti cakkhādiāyatanānaṃ uppādañca vayañca disvā. Cittaṃ vimuccatīti imāya vipassanāpaṭipattiyā phalasamāpattivasena cittaṃ vimuccati.
“Upādānakkhayassa”意为“执着断尽”，这是施用语句。观察六入（眼、耳、鼻、舌、身、意）生起与消灭后，心得以解脱。此乃观法修习，借由智慧实现心的解脱。
Soṇakoḷivisakathādivaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā. · 索那拘利维萨事等的注释完毕。
Diguṇādiupāhanapaṭikkhepakathāvaṇṇanā禁止双层等鞋履之事的注释
§245
245.Sakaṭavāheti dvīhi sakaṭehi paricchinne vāhe. ‘‘Vāhe’’ti bahuvacanassa hiraññavisesanattepi sāmaññāpekkhāya ‘‘hirañña’’nti ekavacanaṃ kataṃ.
“Sakaṭavāhe”指由两车轴或断车轮组成的人力车。“Vāhe”为复数词尾，但为一般用法，特意以单数“hirañña”解释黄金种类。
§246
246.Addāriṭṭhakavaṇṇāti allāriṭṭhaphalavaṇṇā, tintakākapakkhavaṇṇātipi vadanti. Rajananti upalittaṃ nīlādivaṇṇaṃ sandhāya vuttaṃ. Tenāha ‘‘coḷakena puñchitvā’’ti. Tañhi tathā puñchite vigacchati. Yaṃ pana cammassa duggandhāpanayanatthaṃ kāḷarattādirajanehi rañjitattā kāḷarattādivaṇṇaṃ hoti, taṃ coḷādīhi apanetuṃ na sakkā cammagatikameva, tasmā taṃ vaṭṭatīti daṭṭhabbaṃ.
“Addāriṭṭhakavaṇṇāti”是指酒晶果实的颜色，也用“tintakākapakkhavaṇṇa”形容。『Rajananti』指被污泥染污的颜色，如深蓝色。故云“被醉鬼弄脏”，尾巴上有污迹而分散。如铁塔及黑夜发黑的颜色，是皮革污秽。因皮革运动时不可用酒等清洗，故应观察其本质。
Khallakanti sabbapaṇhipidhānacammaṃ, aparigaḷanatthaṃ paṇhiuparibhāge apidhāya āropanabandhanamattaṃ vaṭṭati. Vicitrāti saṇṭhānato vicitrapaṭā adhippetā, na vaṇṇato sabbaso apanetabbesu khallakādīsu paviṭṭhattā. Biḷālasadisamukhattā mahāulūkā ‘‘pakkhibiḷālā’’ti vuccati, tesaṃ cammaṃ nāma pakkhalomameva.
“Khallaka”指所有皮革制品，是未裁剪之皮革，仅用以覆盖或绑定而缺乏加工。『Vicitra』形容由多重层叠有序组合而成的，用于皮革制品的多样排列方式，颜色不均不适用“Khallaka”等成品品类。『Biḷālasadisamukhattā』是指像大猫头鹰的鸟类“pakkhibiḷālā”，鸟类身上所称为皮革者即羽毛。
Diguṇādiupāhanapaṭikkhepakathāvaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā. · 禁止双层等鞋履之事的注释完毕。
Ajjhārāmeupāhanapaṭikkhepakathādivaṇṇanā在寺院内禁止鞋履等事的注释
§251
251.Uṇṇāhikatapādukāti ettha uṇṇāmayakambalehi katā pādukā saṅgayhanti.
251.『以高扬物所制之革屣』者，此处摄取以高扬毛毯所制之革屣。
§253
253.Gaṅgāmahakīḷikāyāti gaṅgāmahe kīḷikāya. Tattha hi itthipurisā yānehi udakakīḷaṃ gacchanti. Pīṭhakasivikanti phalakādinā kataṃ pīṭhakayānaṃ. Paṭapotalikaṃ andolikā. Sabbampi yānaṃ upāhanenapi gantuṃ asamatthassa gilānassa anuññātaṃ.
253.『恒河戏游』者，即于恒河大节庆时游乐。彼处男女乘车前往水中嬉戏。『板轿』者，以木板等所制之板车。『布兜轿』者，即摇篮式轿。以上所有车乘，皆为不能以革屣行走之病者所开许。
§254
254.Vāḷarūpānīti āharimāni vāḷarūpāni. Caturaṅgulādhikānīti uddalomīekantalomīhi visesadassanaṃ. Caturaṅgulato hi ūnāni kira uddalomīādīsu pavisanti. Vānacitro uṇṇāmayattharaṇoti nānāvaṇṇehi uṇṇāmayasuttehi bhitticchedādivasena vāyitvā katacittattharaṇo. Ghanapupphakoti bahalarāgo. Pakatitūlikāti tūlapuṇṇā bhisi. Vikatikāti sīharūpādivasena vānacitrāva gayhati. Uddalomīti ‘‘ubhatodasaṃ uṇṇāmayattharaṇa’’nti dīghanikāyaṭṭhakathāyaṃ vuttaṃ. Koseyyakaṭṭissamayanti kosiyasuttānaṃ antarā suvaṇṇamayasuttāni pavesetvā vītaṃ. Suvaṇṇasuttaṃ kira ‘‘kaṭṭissaṃ, kasaṭa’’nti ca vuccati. Teneva ‘‘koseyyakasaṭamaya’’nti ācariya-dhammapālattherena vuttanti vadanti. Ratanaparisibbitanti suvaṇṇalittaṃ. Suddhakoseyyanti ratanaparisibbanarahitaṃ.
254.『猛兽图像』者，即所携来之猛兽图像。『超过四指』者，此乃相对于双缘绒毯、单缘绒毯而显示其差别——据说不足四指者方能用于双缘绒毯等。『色织毛线铺陈物』者，以各色毛线，依壁缝等方式织成，具有彩色图案之铺陈物。『重密花纹』者，即厚密之红色。『普通棉垫』者，即塞满棉花之坐垫。『图像形』者，因以狮形等织成彩色图案，故与色织铺陈物同列摄取。『双缘绒毯』者，《长部注》中说为「两面皆有缘穗之毛线铺陈物」。『交织丝线嵌金缕者』者，即于丝线之间穿入金线而织成者。据说金线又称「嵌金缕」或「粗劣线」，正因如此，老师法护长老说应作「丝线粗劣混织物」。『宝石缝缀者』者，即以金泥涂饰者。『纯丝者』者，即无宝石缝缀之纯丝织物。
Ajinamigacammānaṃ atisukhumattā dupaṭṭatipaṭṭāni katvā sibbantīti vuttaṃ ‘‘ajinappaveṇī’’ti. Rattavitānenāti sabbarattena vitānena. Yaṃ pana nānāvaṇṇaṃ vānacittaṃ vā lepacittaṃ vā, taṃ vaṭṭati. Ubhatolohitakūpadhānepi eseva nayo. ‘‘Citraṃ vā’’ti idaṃ pana sabbathā kappiyattā vuttaṃ, na pana ubhatoupadhānesu akappiyattā. Na hi lohitaka-saddo citte vattati, paṭaliggahaṇeneva cittakassapi attharaṇassa saṅgahetabbappasaṅgato, kāsāvaṃ pana lohitakavohāraṃ na gacchati. Tasmā vitānepi ubhatoupadhānepi vaṭṭati. Sace pamāṇayuttantiādi aññappamāṇātikkantassa bibbohanassa paṭikkhittabhāvadassanatthaṃ vuttaṃ, na pana uccāsayanamahāsayanabhāvadassanatthaṃ tathā avuttattā. Taṃ pana upadhānaṃ uposathikānaṃ gahaṭṭhānaṃ vaṭṭati. Uccāsayanamahāsayanameva hi tadā tesaṃ na vaṭṭati. Dīghanikāyaṭṭhakathādīsu kiñcāpi ‘‘ṭhapetvā tūlikaṃ sabbāneva gonakādīni ratanaparisibbitāni vaṭṭantī’’tiādi vuttaṃ, vinayaṭṭhakathāyeva kappiyākappiyabhāve pamāṇanti gahetabbaṃ.
第258条。关于穿野兽皮衣者极度软弱，穿着时将兽皮分割裁剪制作成边幅，故称“Ajinappaveṇī”。“Rattavitānenāti”为以全部红色染料调配制作的野兽皮衣。各种不同色彩的染料或涂染的缨饰，均称为“Vaṭṭati”，与用两种红色颜料涂抹类似。关于“citraṃ vā”的说法，此为依法允许之装饰，不含非法涂抹两种颜料之意。因“Lohitaka”的声响不发生于缨饰，亦不产生头发装饰作用，故以染料作为装饰的衣物均可可行。若超越法定尺寸范围，则为非法，判决乃以此为基准，非因其幅度大小，而是基于佛教戒律对于服饰的规制。此规定为规定持戒比库比库尼之定例。非允许范围者则不可穿着。对此长部经典注释及律藏释义皆有详细论述，只需依因果及界限判定其合法性。
Ajjhārāmeupāhanapaṭikkhepakathādivaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā. · 关于在寺院内禁止穿鞋等事的注释完毕。
Gihivikatānuññātādikathāvaṇṇanā关于准许在家人制作之物等事的注释
§256
256.Abhinissāyāti apassāya. Visukāyikavipphanditānanti paṭipakkhabhūtānaṃ diṭṭhicittavipphanditānanti attho.
256.『依止』者，即靠着。『违背者之邪见心乱动』者，其义为：处于对立面者之邪见与心意的乱动。
§257
257.Yatindriyanti manindriyavasena saññatindriyaṃ.
257.『制根』者，即以意根之力而言，乃调御诸根之根。
§258
258. Pāḷiyaṃ aṭṭhakavaggikānīti suttanipāte (su. ni. 772 ādayo) aṭṭhakavaggabhūtāni soḷasa suttāni. Evaṃ ciraṃ akāsīti evaṃ cirakālaṃ pabbajjaṃ anupagantvā agāramajjhe kena kāraṇena vāsamakāsīti attho. So kira majjhimavaye pabbajito, tena bhagavā evamāha. Etamatthaṃ viditvāti kāmesu diṭṭhādīnavā cirāyitvāpi gharāvāsena pakkhandantīti etamatthaṃ sabbākārato viditvā.
第258条。关于巴利文本“aṭṭhakavaggikānīti”，指的是“在经部律藏标记中属于八章一类的类别”，经藏中所谓八章类共有十六经文。这里提到“如此长期未曾出家而居于家中”，此处解释为入出家的时间隔长，故被称为“akāsi”，即长时间。此条文旨在说明若入出家迟延，且在家生活未断绝欲爱，则为不善。佛陀以此告诫，意即因已彻知诸行无常，亦明了生死苦难，故不应久留世间执着，须断欲出家。
Ādīnavaṃ loketi saṅkhāraloke aniccatādiādīnavaṃ. Nirupadhinti nibbānaṃ. ‘‘Ariyo na ramatī pāpe’’ti imassa hetumāha ‘‘pāpe na ramatī sucī’’ti. Tattha sucīti visuddhapuggalo.
所谓根本之患，即指由行蕴所生的世间，具无常等根本之患。涅槃则超越此患，非依止于此。如有偈言：『圣者不乐恶行，』是说明其缘由，曰：『恶行中不乐清净。』此处所谓清净者，指南净之人。
§259
259.Kāḷasīhoti kāḷamukhavānarajāti. Cammaṃ na vaṭṭatīti nisīdanattharaṇaṃ kātuṃ na vaṭṭati, bhūmattharaṇādivasena senāsanaparibhogo vaṭṭateva.
所谓乌黑狮子，即指脸色黑、毛发乌黑的猴种。皮肤不易转变，不能活动用于坐具或跳跃等，反而依靠地面等成为兵坐之具，这便是对此的说明。
Gihivikatānuññātādikathāvaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā. · 关于准许在家人制作之物等事的注释完毕。
Cammakkhandhakavaṇṇanānayo niṭṭhito. · 《皮革篇集》注释的方法完毕。