9. Cīvaravippavāsavinicchayakathā · 9. 离衣抉择论
9. Cīvaravippavāsavinicchayakathā九、衣离别决择论
§51
51.Cīvarenavināvāsoti ticīvarādhiṭṭhānena adhiṭṭhitānaṃ tiṇṇaṃ cīvarānaṃ aññatarena vippavāso. Evaṃ adhiṭṭhitesu hi tīsu cīvaresu ekenapi vinā vasituṃ na vaṭṭati, vasantassa saha aruṇuggamanā cīvaraṃ nissaggiyaṃ hoti, tasmā aruṇuggamanasamaye cīvaraṃ aḍḍhateyyaratanappamāṇe hatthapāse katvā vasitabbaṃ. Gāmanivesanaudositaaḍḍamāḷapāsādahammiyanāvāsatthakhettadhaññakaraṇaārāmavihārarukkhamūlaajjhokāsesu pana ayaṃ viseso (pārā. aṭṭha. 2.477-8) – sace ekassa rañño gāmabhojakassa vā santako gāmo hoti, yena kenaci pākārena vā vatiyā vā parikhāya vā parikkhitto ca, evarūpe gāme cīvaraṃ nikkhipitvā gāmabbhantare yattha katthaci yathārucitaṭṭhāne aruṇaṃ uṭṭhāpetuṃ vaṭṭati. Sace pana aparikkhitto hoti, evarūpe gāme yasmiṃ ghare cīvaraṃ nikkhittaṃ, tasmiṃ vatthabbaṃ, tassa vā gharassa hatthapāse samantā aḍḍhateyyaratanabbhantare vasitabbaṃ. Taṃ pamāṇaṃ atikkamitvā sacepi iddhimā bhikkhu ākāse aruṇaṃ uṭṭhāpeti, cīvaraṃ nissaggiyameva hoti.
五十一、衣服在不同住所的存放。所谓衣服的存放，是指侍持三衣中一衣的短暂寄放。在这三种衣服中，无论哪一件都不可单独无人而存放，若在有人同住的情况下，清晨外出时衣服为不可持有（须弃置），故清晨外出之时，应当将衣服稍折，置于手边，方可居住。乡村、住宅、周围的篱围、庭院、庄园、寺院、树下、火堆旁等地，皆属不同情况。[巴利语释义出处帕拉1篇第八章第2节第477-478行]——假如有一位国王或一位乡亲农主所在村落，其境界有围墙、栅栏、篱笆或墙垣，在这样的村庄中，若将衣服寄放于村中某处，然后到村外某合适地点升起早晨火堆，均为可许可。若未被围绕的村庄，若所寄放衣服的家屋为固定住处，则应在家中或住宅周围折叠衣服，置于手边于折叠衣物之间居住。若超过此限，纵然比库能于天空腾升早晨火光，仍视为衣服不可持有。
Sace nānārājūnaṃ vā bhojakānaṃ vā gāmo hoti vesālīkusinārādisadiso parikkhitto ca, evarūpe gāme yasmiṃ ghare cīvaraṃ nikkhittaṃ, tattha vā vatthabbaṃ, tattha saddasaṅghaṭṭanena vā janasambādhena vā vasituṃ asakkontena sabhāye vā vatthabbaṃ nagaradvāramūle vā. Tatrāpi vasituṃ asakkontena yattha katthaci phāsukaṭṭhāne vasitvā antoaruṇe āgamma tesaṃyeva sabhāyanagaradvāramūlānaṃ hatthapāse vasitabbaṃ. Gharassa pana cīvarassa vā hatthapāse vattabbameva natthi.
若是一座由众多各国王诸侯的民众组成的城镇，如迦罗卫、拘尸那罗等地，且被围墙所围，此类城镇内若将衣服寄放于家中，该处为固定住处，此处又不能依赖寺院团体或民众结社而居住，则在会所或城门城墙地基处可居住。居住时若不能住下，得择某处有茅草和木结构的地方，进入室内在火堆旁折叠衣服并置于手边。家中衣服不得放置于手边。
Sace ghare aṭṭhapetvā ‘‘sabhāye ṭhapessāmī’’ti sabhāyaṃ gacchanto hatthaṃ pasāretvā ‘‘handimaṃ cīvaraṃ ṭhapehī’’ti evaṃ nikkhepasukhe hatthapāsagate kismiñci āpaṇe cīvaraṃ nikkhipati, tena purimanayeneva sabhāye vā vatthabbaṃ, dvāramūle vā tesaṃ hatthapāse vā vasitabbaṃ.
若在家中折叠衣服，并说“我要将此放于会堂”，然后携衣前往会堂，将手伸出并说“现在请放置此衣”，在这样出外的方便状态，将衣服寄放于某个容器中，原处即为会堂、城门或会堂及城门的手边。
Sace nagarassa bahūnipi dvārāni honti bahūni ca sabhāyāni, sabbattha vasituṃ na vaṭṭati. Yassā pana vīthiyā cīvaraṃ ṭhapitaṃ, yaṃ tassā sammukhaṭṭhāne sabhāyañca dvārañca, tassa sabhāyassa ca dvārassa ca hatthapāse vasitabbaṃ. Evañhi sati sakkā cīvarassa pavattiṃ jānituṃ . Sabhāyaṃ pana gacchantena yassa āpaṇikassa hatthe nikkhittaṃ, sace so taṃ cīvaraṃ atiharitvā ghare nikkhipati, vīthihatthapāso na rakkhati, gharassa hatthapāse vatthabbaṃ. Sace mahantaṃ gharaṃ hoti dve vīthiyo pharitvā ṭhitaṃ, purato vā pacchato vā hatthapāseyeva aruṇaṃ uṭṭhāpetabbaṃ. Sabhāye nikkhipitvā pana sabhāye vā tassa sammukhe nagaradvāramūle vā tesaṃyeva hatthapāse vā aruṇaṃ uṭṭhāpetabbaṃ. Sace pana gāmo aparikkhitto hoti, yasmiṃ ghare cīvaraṃ nikkhittaṃ, tasmiṃ ghare tassa gharassa vā hatthapāse vatthabbaṃ.
若一城中有很多门、多重会堂，均不可处处居住。若道路上放置衣服，则衣服应折叠置于道路正对的会堂门口及会堂门边。如此情形下，才可知衣服的保存。到会堂时若衣服被放在某人的手中，若此人把衣服带走放回家中，则不得保护道路手边的衣物，应置于家中手边。若住房宽敞，有两条道路通达，前后也应将清晨火起于其手边。若衣服寄放会堂，则会堂或其对面城门城墙地基要在手边升起火堆。若此地为未被围绕的村庄，现有衣服寄放于家中，则应置于家中或住宅手边。
Sace (pārā. 480) ekakulassa santakaṃ nivesanaṃ hoti parikkhittañca nānāgabbhaṃ nānāovarakaṃ, antonivesane cīvaraṃ nikkhipitvā antonivesane vatthabbaṃ. Sace aparikkhittaṃ, yasmiṃ gabbhe cīvaraṃ nikkhittaṃ hoti, tasmiṃ gabbhe vatthabbaṃ gabbhassa hatthapāse vā. Sace nānākulassa nivesanaṃ hoti parikkhittañca nānāgabbhaṃ nānāovarakaṃ, yasmiṃ gabbhe cīvaraṃ nikkhittaṃ hoti, tasmiṃ gabbhe vatthabbaṃ, sabbesaṃ sādhāraṇe gharadvāramūle vā gabbhassa vā gharadvāramūlassa vā hatthapāse. Sace aparikkhittaṃ hoti, yasmiṃ gabbhe cīvaraṃ nikkhittaṃ, tasmiṃ gabbhe vatthabbaṃ gabbhassa vā hatthapāse. Udositaaḍḍamāḷapāsādahammiyesupi nivesane vuttanayeneva vinicchayo veditabbo.
若一户之住宅为闭合围墙，且被各式墙垣、围栏分割，若将衣物寄放于内部分隔处，则应在该分隔处折叠衣物，并在分隔处居住。若住宅未被围墙包围，衣服寄存于某个房间中时，即应置于该房间及其手边。若多户住宅且设有各种各样的间室和围栏，衣服寄放于房间时，应置于房间及住宅门口或住宅门口手边。若住宅未围绕，衣服寄放于房间，置于房间及其手边。在有围墙的庄园及住宅处亦如上所述，具体情况应依此决定。
Sace ekakulassa nāvā hoti, antonāvāyaṃ cīvaraṃ nikkhipitvā antonāvāyaṃ vatthabbaṃ. Sace nānākulassa nāvā hoti nānāgabbhā nānāovarakā, yasmiṃ ovarake cīvaraṃ nikkhittaṃ hoti, tasmiṃ ovarake vatthabbaṃ ovarakassa hatthapāse vā.
若一户住宅中有船只，则将衣服寄放于内河船中并置于该船上。若多户住宅有多船只与各种各样的船仓，衣服寄放于船仓时，应置于该船仓及船仓的手边。
Sace ekakulassa sattho hoti, tasmiṃ satthe cīvaraṃ nikkhipitvā purato vā pacchato vā sattabbhantarā na vijahitabbā, passato abbhantaraṃ na vijahitabbaṃ. Ekaṃ abbhantaraṃ aṭṭhavīsatihatthaṃ hoti. Sace nānākulassa sattho hoti, satthe cīvaraṃ nikkhipitvā cīvarassa hatthapāse vasitabbaṃ. Sace sattho gacchanto gāmaṃ vā nadiṃ vā pariyādiyitvā tiṭṭhati, antopaviṭṭhena saddhiṃ ekābaddho hutvā orañca pārañca pharitvā ṭhito hoti, satthaparihāro labbhati. Atha gāme vā nadiyā vā pariyāpanno hoti, gāmaparihāro ceva nadīparihāro ca labbhati. Sace vihārasīmaṃ atikkamitvā tiṭṭhati, antosīmāya ca cīvaraṃ hoti, vihāraṃ gantvā vasitabbaṃ. Sace bahisīmāya cīvaraṃ hoti, satthasamīpeyeva vasitabbaṃ. Sace gacchanto sattho sakaṭe vā bhagge goṇe vā naṭṭhe antarā chijjati, yasmiṃ koṭṭhāse cīvaraṃ nikkhittaṃ, tattha vasitabbaṃ.
如果只有一个僧众，则该僧众放置袈裟时，无论是在前面或后面，其内层袈裟不可弃置，不可弃置内层袈裟。内层袈裟长约二十八手掌。如果有多个僧众，则该僧众放置袈裟时，袈裟应置于手边。若僧众行走至村庄或河边，绕行一周后停留，应结伴而立，立于河边或岸边，可获得僧众的供养。若绕行村庄或河边，应能得到村庄和河边的供养。若超过寺边界而立，内有袈裟时，应入寺居住。若袈裟在寺边界之外，则应仅在尊者附近居住。若行走时，僧众于车站、渡口、集聚处停留，其内有放置袈裟的地方，应在那里居住。
Sace ekakulassa khettaṃ hoti parikkhittañca, antokhette cīvaraṃ nikkhipitvā antokhette vatthabbaṃ. Sace aparikkhittaṃ hoti, cīvarassa hatthapāse vasitabbaṃ. Sace nānākulassa khettaṃ hoti parikkhittañca, antokhette cīvaraṃ nikkhipitvā dvāramūle vatthabbaṃ dvāramūlassa hatthapāse vā. Sace aparikkhittaṃ hoti, cīvarassa hatthapāse vasitabbaṃ.
如果只有一个僧众有农田且田有围栏时，内围田内应放置袈裟，在内围田中居住。若未围栏，应把袈裟放置于手边居住。若有多个僧众，且有围栏农田，内围田中应放置袈裟，居住在门口旁，或门口旁边的手边。若未围栏，应把袈裟放置于手边居住。
Sace ekakulassa dhaññakaraṇaṃ hoti parikkhittañca, antodhaññakaraṇe cīvaraṃ nikkhipitvā antodhaññakaraṇe vatthabbaṃ. Sace aparikkhittaṃ hoti, cīvarassa hatthapāse vasitabbaṃ. Sace nānākulassa dhaññakaraṇaṃ hoti parikkhittañca, antodhaññakaraṇe cīvaraṃ nikkhipitvā dvāramūle vā vatthabbaṃ dvāramūlassa vā hatthapāse. Sace aparikkhittaṃ hoti, cīvarassa hatthapāse vasitabbaṃ. Pupphārāmaphalārāmesupi khette vuttanayeneva vinicchayo veditabbo.
如果只有一个僧众有粮仓且粮仓有围栏，内围粮仓处应放置袈裟，在内围粮仓处居住。若未围栏，应放置袈裟于手边居住。若有多个僧众且粮仓有围栏，内围粮仓处应放置袈裟，居住于门口旁边或者门口旁边的手边。若未围栏，应把袈裟放置于手边居住。至于花园、果园等，也应依照此法判断。
Sace ekakulassa vihāro hoti parikkhitto ca, antovihāre cīvaraṃ nikkhipitvā antovihāre vatthabbaṃ. Sace aparikkhitto hoti, yasmiṃ vihāre cīvaraṃ nikkhittaṃ, tasmiṃ vatthabbaṃ tassa vihārassa vā hatthapāse.
如果只有一个僧众有寺庙且寺庙有围栏，内围寺庙应放置袈裟，在内围寺庙处居住。若未围栏，则袈裟置于所在寺庙处或该寺庙的手边。
Sace ekakulassa rukkhamūlaṃ hoti, yaṃ majjhanhike kāle samantā chāyā pharati, antochāyāya cīvaraṃ nikkhipitvā antochāyāya vatthabbaṃ. Viraḷasākhassa pana rukkhassa ātapena phuṭṭhokāse ṭhapitaṃ nissaggiyameva hoti, tasmā tādisassa rukkhassa sākhacchāyāya vā khandhacchāyāya vā ṭhapetabbaṃ. Sace sākhāya vā viṭape vā ṭhapeti, upari aññasākhacchāyāya phuṭṭhokāseyeva ṭhapetabbaṃ. Khujjarukkhassa chāyā dūraṃ gacchati, chāyāya gataṭṭhāne ṭhapetuṃ vaṭṭatiyeva. Sace nānākulassa rukkhamūlaṃ hoti, cīvarassa hatthapāse vasitabbaṃ.
如果只有一个僧众住在树根下，在正午时分，树木周围均有遮阴，内侧遮阴处应放置袈裟，在内侧遮阴处居住。枝叶稀疏的树因阳光照射，所放袈裟的地方须为不可弃置之处，因此该类树木应放于枝叶阴凉或树荫遮蔽处。若放置于树枝或树枝间，则应放于上面其他枝叶的阴凉处。枯树遮阴较远，应选阴凉处安放，犹如使用凉席一样。若有多个僧众，则袈裟应置于手边居住。
Ajjhokāse pana agāmake araññe cīvaraṃ ṭhapetvā tassa samantā sattabbhantare vasitabbaṃ. Agāmakaṃ nāma araññaṃ viñjhāṭavīādīsu vā samuddamajjhe vā macchabandhānaṃ agamanapathe dīpakesu labbhati. Tādise araññe majjhe ṭhitassa samantā sattabbhantaraparicchedo, vinibbedhena cuddasa honti. Majjhe nisinno puratthimāya vā pacchimāya vā disāya pariyante ṭhapitacīvaraṃ rakkhati. Sace pana aruṇuggamanasamaye kesaggamattampi puratthimaṃ disaṃ gacchati, pacchimāya disāya cīvaraṃ nissaggiyaṃ hoti. Esa nayo itarasmiṃ. Nissaggiyaṃ pana cīvaraṃ anissajjitvā paribhuñjanto dukkaṭaṃ āpajjati.
白天在村外或林中放置袈裟，应于周围设有遮蔽之处居住。所谓村外，是指林中、茂密树林内或溯溪中，鱼坝水道上的灯火之处。在此类林中间，周围具遮蔽处，环绕约十三处。中间坐着者，守护着朝东或西方向放置的袈裟。如果在黎明出行时，纵然前往东方，西方那边的袈裟也不可抛弃。这是一种原则。在未经许可就抛弃袈裟且使用，将招致不善的过失。
§52
52. Sace padhāniko bhikkhu sabbarattiṃ padhānamanuyuñjitvā paccūsasamaye ‘‘nahāyissāmī’’ti tīṇi cīvarāni tīre ṭhapetvā nadiṃ otarati, nahāyantasseva cassa aruṇaṃ uṭṭhahati, kiṃ kātabbaṃ? So hi yadi uttaritvā cīvaraṃ nivāseti, nissaggiyaṃ cīvaraṃ, anissajjitvā paribhuñjanapaccayā dukkaṭaṃ āpajjati. Atha naggo gacchati, evampi dukkaṭaṃ āpajjatīti? Nāpajjati. So hi yāva aññaṃ bhikkhuṃ disvā vinayakammaṃ na karoti, tāva tesaṃ cīvarānaṃ aparibhogārahattā naṭṭhacīvaraṭṭhāne ṭhito hoti, naṭṭhacīvarassa ca akappiyaṃ nāma natthi, tasmā ekaṃ nivāsetvā dve hatthena gahetvā vihāraṃ gantvā vinayakammaṃ kātabbaṃ. Sace dūre vihāro hoti, antarāmagge manussā sañcaranti, ekaṃ nivāsetvā ekaṃ pārupitvā ekaṃ aṃsakūṭe ṭhapetvā gantabbaṃ. Sace vihāre sabhāgaṃ bhikkhuṃ na passati, bhikkhācāraṃ gatā honti, saṅghāṭiṃ bahigāme ṭhapetvā santaruttarena āsanasālaṃ gantvā vinayakammaṃ kātabbaṃ. Sace bahigāme corabhayaṃ hoti, pārupitvā gantabbaṃ. Sace āsanasālā sambādhā hoti, janākiṇṇā na sakkā ekamante cīvaraṃ apanetvā vinayakammaṃ kātuṃ, ekaṃ bhikkhuṃ ādāya bahigāmaṃ gantvā vinayakammaṃ katvā cīvarāni paribhuñjitabbāni.
52. 若比库专心精进，时至浴时，拈三衣置于河岸，入河浴身，此时日出。对此当如何？若浴毕上岸，整装衣服，此衣不可舍弃，不可放逸，若违此因令生难，便犯难处。若赤裸而行，是否亦得难？不难。因其若未见他比库，未行戒律，则诸有衣无处舍置，如无衣处，谓之不当故。故应将一衣整置，双手持衣，往寺院行，行戒律。若寺院遥远，人往来路中，一衣整置，一衣抱持，另一衣放于肩上，当赴之。若于寺院未遇比库，皆已往比库处，外出处放圣衣，越街至座斋堂，行戒律。若外舍盗怖，应抱持衣前往。若座斋堂闭锁，人众不能独携衣物犯戒，应以一衣领取，持至外舍，行戒律，并护衣用。
Sace therā bhikkhū daharānaṃ hatthe pattacīvaraṃ datvā maggaṃ gacchantā pacchimayāme sayitukāmā honti, attano attano cīvaraṃ hatthapāse katvāva sayitabbaṃ. Sace gacchantānaṃyeva asampattesu daharesu aruṇaṃ uggacchati, cīvaraṃ nissaggiyaṃ hoti, nissayo pana na paṭippassambhati. Daharānampi purato gacchantānaṃ theresu asampattesu eseva nayo. Maggaṃ virajjhitvā araññe aññamaññaṃ apassantesupi eseva nayo. Sace pana daharā ‘‘mayaṃ, bhante, muhuttaṃ sayitvā asukasmiṃ nāma okāse tumhe sampāpuṇissāmā’’ti vatvā yāva aruṇuggamanā sayanti, cīvarañca nissaggiyaṃ hoti, nissayo ca paṭippassambhati. Dahare uyyojetvā theresu sayantesupi eseva nayo. Dvedhāpathaṃ disvā therā ‘‘ayaṃ maggo’’ , daharā ‘‘ayaṃ maggo’’ti vatvā aññamaññassa vacanaṃ aggahetvā gatā, saha aruṇassa uggamanā cīvarāni ca nissaggiyāni honti, nissayo ca paṭippassambhati. Sace daharā maggato okkamma ‘‘antoaruṇeyeva nivattissāmā’’ti bhesajjatthāya gāmaṃ pavisitvā āgacchanti, asampattānaṃyeva ca nesaṃ aruṇo uggacchati, cīvarāni nissaggiyāni honti, nissayo pana na paṭippassambhati. Sace pana dhenubhayena vā sunakhabhayena vā muhuttaṃ ṭhatvā ‘‘gamissāmā’’ti ṭhatvā vā nisīditvā vā gacchanti, antarā aruṇe uggate cīvarāni ca nissaggiyāni honti, nissayo ca paṭippassambhati.
若长老比库，将幼童手中暖衣付童子，欲西晡时休息，宜将自身衣服系于手旁而卧。若往时幼童尚未成就者，日出时天明，此衣不可舍弃，然不安静。今亦如前，若幼童在长老之前未成就，亦复如是。若远离道途，入林中彼此不见，亦复如是。若幼童于长老言：“我们暂歇，身不安适，后当至尔处。”并行日出时休息，衣服不舍弃，安静益增。若幼童起身躺卧于长老前，亦复如是。现两路中，长老曰：“此乃道。”幼童曰：“此乃道。”言语不相拒绝而去，衣服不舍弃，安静益增。若幼童已入道途，且言：“日暮时必还。”为医药入村并归，虽幼童未成就，日出时天明，衣服仍不舍弃，安静亦不失。若牛及猪恐怖而稍站立、坐卧、行止者，已至日出时，衣服不舍弃，安静更增。
Sace ‘‘antoaruṇeyeva āgamissāmā’’ti antosīmāyaṃ gāmaṃ paviṭṭhānaṃ antarā aruṇo uggacchati, neva cīvarāni nissaggiyāni honti, na nissayo paṭippassambhati. Sace pana ‘‘vibhāyatu tāvā’’ti nisīdanti, aruṇe uggate na cīvarāni nissaggiyāni honti, nissayo pana paṭippassambhati. Sace yepi ‘‘antoaruṇeyeva āgamissāmā’’ti sāmantavihāraṃ dhammassavanatthāya saussāhā gacchanti, antarāmaggeyeva ca nesaṃ aruṇo uggacchati, cīvarāni nissaggiyāni honti, nissayo pana na paṭippassambhati. Sace dhammagāravena ‘‘yāvapariyosānaṃ sutvāva gamissāmā’’ti nisīdanti, saha aruṇassa uggamanā cīvarānipi nissaggiyāni honti, nissayo ca paṭippassambhati. Therena daharaṃ cīvaradhovanatthāya gāmakaṃ pesentena attano cīvaraṃ paccuddharitvāva dātabbaṃ, daharassapi cīvaraṃ paccuddharāpetvāva ṭhapetabbaṃ. Sace asatiyā gacchati, attano cīvaraṃ paccuddharitvā daharassa cīvaraṃ vissāsena gahetvā ṭhapetabbaṃ. Sace thero na sarati, daharova sarati, daharena attano cīvaraṃ paccuddharitvā therassa cīvaraṃ vissāsena gahetvā gantvā vattabbaṃ ‘‘bhante, tumhākaṃ cīvaraṃ adhiṭṭhahitvā paribhuñjathā’’ti. Attanopi cīvaraṃ adhiṭṭhātabbaṃ. Evaṃ ekassa satiyāpi āpattimokkho hoti.
若言：“必于日暮时还。”入夜间村落，日出时天明，衣服不舍弃，安静不失。若言：“且坐一时。”日出时天明，无衣不舍弃，安静虽有存。若众同往安静讲法之所，且入村路，日出时天明，衣服不舍弃，安静未增。若因敬信佛法，言：“闻法毕须还。”而坐，随日出时天明，衣衣皆不舍弃，安静增益。若长老将幼童衣织之网用村童遣人，将自身衣服取回予还，亦应将幼童衣网放妥。若杂乱而行，先取自身衣服，再安放于幼童衣物，可放心接续。若长老不善，幼童却善，将自身衣服取回独行，则当向长老言：“世尊，汝持持衣服而受用。”自身衣服亦应持好。如此一念则生犯戒罪。
Iti pāḷimuttakavinayavinicchayasaṅgahe · 如是于经外律决择集中
Cīvaravippavāsavinicchayakathā samattā. · 衣离别决择论已毕。