2. Parikkhāravinicchayakathā · 2. 资具抉择论
2. Parikkhāravinicchayakathā二、资具判定论
§6
6.Parikkhāroti samaṇaparikkhāro. Tatrāyaṃ kappiyākappiyaparikkhāravinicchayo (pārā. aṭṭha. 1.85) – keci tālapaṇṇacchattaṃ anto vā bahi vā pañcavaṇṇena suttena sibbitvā vaṇṇamaṭṭhaṃ karonti, taṃ na vaṭṭati. Ekavaṇṇena pana nīlena vā pītakena vā yena kenaci suttena anto vā bahi vā sibbituṃ , chattadaṇḍaggāhakaṃ salākapañjaraṃ vā vinandhituṃ vaṭṭati, tañca kho thirakaraṇatthaṃ vaṭṭati, na vaṇṇamaṭṭhatthāya. Chattapaṇṇesu makaradantakaṃ vā aḍḍhacandakaṃ vā chindituṃ na vaṭṭati. Chattadaṇḍe gehatthambhesu viya ghaṭako vā vāḷarūpakaṃ vā na vaṭṭati. Sacepi sabbattha āraggena lekhā dinnā hoti, sāpi na vaṭṭati. Ghaṭakaṃ vā vāḷarūpakaṃ vā bhinditvā dhāretabbaṃ, lekhāpi ghaṃsitvā vā apanetabbā, suttakena vā daṇḍo veṭhetabbo. Daṇḍabunde pana ahicchattakasaṇṭhānaṃ vaṭṭati. Vātappahārena acalanatthaṃ chattamaṇḍalikaṃ rajjukehi gāhetvā daṇḍe bandhanti, tasmiṃ bandhanaṭṭhāne valayamiva ukkiritvā lekhaṃ ṭhapenti, sā vaṭṭati.
6. 用具即指沙门用具。在此教法中,关于合宜与不合宜之用具的辨别(见《巴利大集注》第八卷第一百八十五页)——有些用具如棕榈叶的伞面,无论内部或外部,若以五彩丝线缝制并以颜色装饰,是不允许的。惟若用单一种颜色,无论是青色或黄色,用丝线在伞的内外缝合,或者用伞柄、伞杆或支架、栏杆加固,则是被允许的,这样做的目的是为了防护,不是为了装饰。伞面上的鳄鱼牙形饰物或弧形饰物,不允许去除。伞杆上的柱子部分,如陶罐形或卷形装饰,也不允许去掉。即使整体全是以金属笔划作标记,也同样不允许。陶罐形或卷形装饰需保持完整,不能破坏,且标记应附着牢固并用丝线缝合。伞柄接合处带有带扣的伞架部分是被允许的。雨具使用覆膝罩式的伞面用绳索系绑于伞杆,在系绑之处可刻出圈环状的记号,此种标记是允许的。
§7
7. Cīvaramaṇḍanatthāya nānāsuttakehi satapadisadisaṃ sibbantā āgantukapaṭṭaṃ ṭhapenti, aññampi yaṃ kiñci sūcikammavikāraṃ karonti, paṭṭamukhe vā pariyante vā veṇiṃ vā saṅkhalikaṃ vā muggaraṃ vā evamādi sabbaṃ na vaṭṭati, pakatisūcikammameva vaṭṭati. Gaṇṭhikapaṭṭakañca pāsakapaṭṭakañca aṭṭhakoṇampi soḷasakoṇampi karonti, tattha agghiyagayamuggarādīni dassenti, kakkaṭakkhīni ukkiranti, sabbaṃ na vaṭṭati, catukoṇameva vaṭṭati, koṇasuttapīḷakā ca cīvare ratte duviññeyyarūpā vaṭṭanti. Kañjikapiṭṭhakhaliaalakādīsu cīvaraṃ pakkhipituṃ na vaṭṭati, cīvarakammakāle pana hatthamalasūcimalādīnaṃ dhovanatthaṃ kiliṭṭhakāle ca dhovanatthaṃ vaṭṭati, gandhaṃ vā lākhaṃ vā telaṃ vā rajane pakkhipituṃ na vaṭṭati.
7. 为装饰袈裟,在各种丝制布料上缝上百字样的标记,或缝上来历不明的布条,在袈裟前端或边缘上系以绳索或链环、扣环等,此类全部不合宜,只容许同织物色调的标记。袈裟上的铃铛标记或系带标记可能作多边形或十六边形,且上面有装饰性火焰形或扣钉类的形状,或有蛇形饰物,这些全部不被允许,仅允许四边形的标记,角标的压印符号也只有红色和褐色二色是被允许的。在袈裟上放置稠密棕色或白色布片类装饰物均不合宜,但洗涤袈裟时允许清洗手和污渍部分,不容许沾染气味、香料、油脂或污泥类物质于其中。
Rajanesu ca haliddiṃ ṭhapetvā sabbaṃ mūlarajanaṃ vaṭṭati, mañjiṭṭhiñca tuṅgahārañca ṭhapetvā sabbaṃ khandharajanaṃ vaṭṭati. Tuṅgahāro nāma eko sakaṇṭakarukkho, tassa haritālavaṇṇaṃ khandharajanaṃ hoti. Loddañca kaṇḍulañca ṭhapetvā sabbaṃ tacarajanaṃ vaṭṭati. Allipattañca nīlipattañca ṭhapetvā sabbaṃ pattarajanaṃ vaṭṭati. Gihiparibhuttakaṃ pana allipattena ekavāraṃ rajituṃ vaṭṭati. Kiṃsukapupphañca kusumbhapupphañca ṭhapetvā sabbaṃ puppharajanaṃ vaṭṭati. Phalarajane pana na kiñci na vaṭṭati (mahāva. aṭṭha. 344).
8. 在泥土上撒上姜黄作为染剂,是全部允许可的;放上艾草和某种野草也是允许的。艾草是一种刺状的坚韧草,其绿色和灰色调属于野草染剂。放置稻谷和小麦也是被允许的。置放白色和青色花叶也是允许的。家用丢弃不能再用的草料染色袈裟只允许熏染一次。
§8
8. Cīvaraṃ rajitvā saṅkhena vā maṇinā vā yena kenaci na ghaṭṭetabbaṃ, bhūmiyaṃ jāṇukāni nihantvā hatthehi gahetvā doṇiyampi na ghaṃsitabbaṃ. Doṇiyaṃ vā phalake vā ṭhapetvā ante gāhāpetvā hatthena paharituṃ pana vaṭṭati, tampi muṭṭhinā na kātabbaṃ. Porāṇakattherā pana doṇiyampi na ṭhapesuṃ. Eko cīvaraṃ gahetvā tiṭṭhati, aparo hatthe katvā hatthena paharati. Cīvarassa kaṇṇasuttakaṃ na vaṭṭati, rajitakāle chinditabbaṃ. Yaṃ pana ‘‘anujānāmi, bhikkhave, kaṇṇasuttaka’’nti (mahāva. 344) evaṃ anuññātaṃ, taṃ anuvāte pāsakaṃ katvā bandhitabbaṃ rajanakāle lagganatthāya. Gaṇṭhikepi sobhākaraṇatthaṃ lekhā vā pīḷakā vā na vaṭṭati, nāsetvā paribhuñjitabbaṃ.
9. 袈裟染色后,不能涂以土壤、蜜粉或用手指搓擦。虽然可用板或木板固定,且可以用手轻轻拍打,但不可用拳头拍打。古时长老们也不曾用木板拍打。有两人持袈裟,一人站立,一人用手分开后轻拍。袈裟上的环状标记不允许存在,染色后必须剪除。虽然有说法『我准许,尊者们,保留环状标记』(《巴利大集注》三四四页)但此乃不被许可,染色过程需剪断并以带子绑扎,用作固色。铃铛型装饰为增美目的,绣有文字或压印符号不被允许,必须去除并彻底使用。
§9
9. Patte vā thālake vā āraggena lekhaṃ karonti anto vā bahi vā, na vaṭṭati. Pattaṃ bhamaṃ āropetvā majjitvā pacanti ‘‘maṇivaṇṇaṃ karissāmā’’ti, na vaṭṭati, telavaṇṇo pana vaṭṭati. Pattamaṇḍale bhittikammaṃ na vaṭṭati, makaradantakaṃ pana vaṭṭati.
10. 在布片或帽子上用金属笔划刻写内外标记,是不被允许的。将布片放置在火上烤焙,且一边烤至发出香气的行为不被允许,但涂抹油脂色彩是允许的。布片边缘的绣补不被允许,但有鳄鱼牙形饰物是允许的。
Dhamakaraṇachattakassa upari vā heṭṭhā vā dhamakaraṇakucchiyaṃ vā lekhā na vaṭṭati, chattamukhavaṭṭiyaṃ panassa lekhā vaṭṭati.
11. 在阳伞的伞面顶部或底部、伞罩部分不能刻写文字,但伞的小边缘及伞顶环处允许刻写文字。
§10
10. Kāyabandhanassa sobhanatthaṃ tahiṃ tahiṃ diguṇaṃ suttaṃ koṭṭenti, kakkaṭakkhīni uṭṭhāpenti, na vaṭṭati, ubhosu pana antesu dasāmukhassa thirabhāvāya diguṇaṃ koṭṭetuṃ vaṭṭati. Dasāmukhe pana ghaṭakaṃ vā makaramukhaṃ vā deḍḍubhasīsaṃ vā yaṃ kiñci vikārarūpaṃ kātuṃ na vaṭṭati, tattha tattha acchīni dassetvā mālākammādīni vā katvā koṭṭitakāyabandhanampi na vaṭṭati, ujukameva pana macchakaṇṭakaṃ vā khajjūripattakaṃ vā maṭṭhakapaṭṭikaṃ vā katvā koṭṭetuṃ vaṭṭati. Kāyabandhanassa dasā ekā vaṭṭati, dve tīṇi cattāripi vaṭṭanti, tato paraṃ na vaṭṭanti. Rajjukakāyabandhanaṃ ekameva vaṭṭati, pāmaṅgasaṇṭhānaṃ pana ekampi na vaṭṭati, dasā pana pāmaṅgasaṇṭhānāpi vaṭṭati, bahurajjuke ekato katvā ekena nirantaraṃ veṭhetvā kataṃ bahurajjukanti na vattabbaṃ, taṃ vaṭṭati.
第十条。为使身体缚带美观,从各种织物中,每种均可用双倍长度裁剪,剪成布带时,布缘无须翻折,然而在两端部分,为了使结头稳固,须用双倍长度裁剪。至于结头部分,无论是容器形、龙头形或双唇形等各种变化装饰,不可随意制作改动,若有须针或丝线,将其制成花环等装饰后,即使是缚身体用的布带,也不可裁剪变形。若采用直式织带,如鱼刺纹、枣叶形或简单碎布条,均可裁剪缝合。缚身体的布带有十种,一种是允许裁切,二种是三条线型、四条线型各可裁切,之后的则不可裁切。绳索型缚带仅一种可裁切,蒲团型缚带一条均不可裁切,但所有蒲团型缚带合起来则可裁切。多绳索型缚带经一条一条不断分解处理后,不能称为多绳索,应以该规则为准。
Kāyabandhanavidhe aṭṭhamaṅgalādikaṃ yaṃ kiñci vikārarūpaṃ na vaṭṭati, paricchedalekhāmattaṃ vaṭṭati. Vidhakassa ubhosu antesu thirakaraṇatthāya ghaṭakaṃ karonti, ayampi vaṭṭati.
缚身体的制作方法中,第八福德等各种变化装饰均不可裁切,只有部分仅是分段条纹可以裁切。制作者会为两端制造稳固部分,置以器皿形装饰,这部分也是允许裁切的。
§11
11. Añjaniyaṃ itthipurisacatuppadasakuṇarūpaṃ vā mālākammalatākammamakaradantakagomuttakaaḍḍhacandakādibhedaṃ vā vikārarūpaṃ na vaṭṭati, ghaṃsitvā vā bhinditvā vā yathā vā na paññāyati, tathā suttakena veṭhetvā vaḷañjetabbā. Ujukameva pana caturaṃsā vā aṭṭhaṃsā vā soḷasaṃsā vā añjanī vaṭṭati. Heṭṭhatopissā dve vā tisso vā vaṭṭalekhāyo vaṭṭanti, gīvāyampissā pidhānakabandhanatthaṃ ekā vaṭṭalekhā vaṭṭati.
第十一条。未用染料的女男四方布、小鸟形、以花环、燕尾、牙饰、牛皮、半月等形状区别的变化装饰均不可裁切。即使绞团或撕裂,无论如何都不可随意理解为能裁切,须以织物整体情况判断,以符合规制的布料加以裁切。直织物,例如四色的四分之一布、八分之一布、十六分之一布的染料线均可裁切。上下两边则有二至三条或三条律文织纹可裁切,胸带处为稳固部分,一条律文织纹允许裁切。
Añjanīsalākāyapi vaṇṇamaṭṭhakammaṃ na vaṭṭati, añjanīthavikāyapi yaṃ kiñci nānāvaṇṇena suttena vaṇṇamaṭṭhakammaṃ na vaṭṭati. Eseva nayo kuñcikakosakepi. Kuñcikāya vaṇṇamaṭṭhakammaṃ na vaṭṭati, tathā sipāṭikāya. Ekavaṇṇasuttena pana yena kenaci yaṃ kiñci sibbituṃ vaṭṭati.
未染着色的金属线织带也不可裁切,各种染色金属丝织带均不可裁切。同理,曲线金属丝缠绕时亦不可裁切,锡箔金属丝织带亦是如此。单色的线材织带能以各种方法缝合修补。
§12
12. Ārakaṇṭakepi vaṭṭamaṇikaṃ vā aññaṃ vā vaṇṇamaṭṭhaṃ na vaṭṭati, gīvāyaṃ pana paricchedalekhā vaṭṭati. Pipphalikepi maṇikaṃ vā pīḷakaṃ vā yaṃ kiñci uṭṭhāpetuṃ na vaṭṭati, daṇḍake pana paricchedalekhā vaṭṭati. Nakhacchedanaṃ valitakaṃyeva karonti, tasmā taṃ vaṭṭati. Uttarāraṇiyaṃ vāpi araṇidhanuke vā uparipellanadaṇḍake vā mālākammādi yaṃ kiñci vaṇṇamaṭṭhaṃ na vaṭṭati. Pellanadaṇḍakassa pana vemajjhe maṇḍalaṃ hoti, tattha paricchedalekhāmattaṃ vaṭṭati. Sūcisaṇḍāsaṃ karonti, yena sūciṃ ḍaṃsāpetvā ghaṃsanti, tattha makaramukhādikaṃ yaṃ kiñci vaṇṇamaṭṭhaṃ na vaṭṭati, sūciḍaṃsanatthaṃ pana mukhamattaṃ hoti, taṃ vaṭṭati.
箭杆或金属装饰带等装饰丝织带不可裁切,但胸部位置的分段条纹允许裁切。胡椒形的装饰珠或夹板不可裁切,木棒部分的分段条纹允许裁切。指甲形裁切织纹作法等同瓦片缝制,故可裁切。织物背面或边缘饰带的装饰丝均不可裁切。边饰带中部形成圆圈,约有分段条纹宽度可裁切。线针缠绕织法用针刺而割出咬痕等龙头形装饰丝不可裁切,仅针刺咬痕的针头部分是允许裁切的。
Dantakaṭṭhacchedanavāsiyampi yaṃ kiñci vaṇṇamaṭṭhaṃ na vaṭṭati, ujukameva kappiyalohena ubhosu vā passesu caturaṃsaṃ vā aṭṭhaṃsaṃ vā bandhituṃ vaṭṭati. Kattaradaṇḍepi yaṃ kiñci vaṇṇamaṭṭhaṃ na vaṭṭati, heṭṭhā ekā vā dve vā vaṭṭalekhā upari ahicchattakamakuḷamattañca vaṭṭati.
金属牙割缝制纹的织带亦不可裁切,直式的合金线在两头或两端常有四色或八色织纹可裁切。铁剑柄饰带的织纹,一至两条可裁切,是因路径曲折、结构复杂导致缝制部分可裁切。
§13
13. Telabhājanesu visāṇe vā nāḷiyaṃ vā alābuke vā āmaṇḍasārake vā ṭhapetvā itthirūpaṃ purisarūpañca avasesaṃ sabbampi vaṇṇamaṭṭhakammaṃ vaṭṭati. Mañcapīṭhe bhisibimbohane bhūmattharaṇe pādapuñchane caṅkamanabhisiyā sammuñjaniyaṃ kacavarachaḍḍanake rajanadoṇikāya pānīyauḷuṅke pānīyaghaṭe pādakathalikāya phalakapīṭhake valayādhārake daṇḍādhārake pattapidhāne tālavaṇṭe bījaneti etesu sabbaṃ mālākammādi vaṇṇamaṭṭhakammaṃ vaṭṭati.
在薄片、骨针、芦苇节、瓜蒂果肉等处,安置女形、男形及其余各类凡物,用以涂饰色彩的作业便成立。在床榻、椅垫、地毯、脚垫、缠踽和清洗、破袈裟、粘合、染缝、手杖持柄、簸箕、围带、杖柄、旗帜固定、树荫、种子等处,所有这些用具都有涂饰色彩的作业。
§14
14. Senāsane pana dvārakavāṭavātapānakavāṭādīsu sabbaratanamayampi vaṇṇamaṭṭhakammaṃ vaṭṭati. Senāsane kiñci paṭisedhetabbaṃ natthi aññatra viruddhasenāsanā . Viruddhasenāsanaṃ nāma aññesaṃ sīmāya rājavallabhehi katasenāsanaṃ vuccati. Tasmā ye tādisaṃ senāsanaṃ karonti, te vattabbā ‘‘mā amhākaṃ sīmāya senāsanaṃ karothā’’ti. Anādiyitvā karontiyeva, punapi vattabbā ‘‘mā evaṃ akattha, mā amhākaṃ uposathapavāraṇānaṃ antarāyamakattha, mā sāmaggiṃ bhindittha, tumhākaṃ senāsanaṃ katampi kataṭṭhāne na ṭhassatī’’ti. Sace balakkārena karontiyeva, yadā tesaṃ lajjiparisā ussannā hoti, sakkā ca hoti laddhuṃ dhammiko vinicchayo, tadā tesaṃ pesetabbaṃ ‘‘tumhākaṃ āvāsaṃ harathā’’ti. Sace yāvatatiyaṃ pesite haranti, sādhu. No ce haranti, ṭhapetvā bodhiñca cetiyañca avasesasenāsanāni bhinditabbāni, no ca kho aparibhogaṃ karontehi, paṭipāṭiyā pana chadanagopānasīiṭṭhakādīni apanetvā tesaṃ pesetabbaṃ ‘‘tumhākaṃ dabbasambhāre harathā’’ti. Sace haranti, sādhu. No ce haranti, atha tesu dabbasambhāresu himavassavātātapādīhi pūtibhūtesu vā corehi vā haṭesu agginā vā daḍḍhesu sīmasāmikā bhikkhū anupavajjā, na labbhā codetuṃ ‘‘tumhehi amhākaṃ dabbasambhārā nāsitā’’ti vā ‘‘tumhākaṃ gīvā’’ti vā. Yaṃ pana sīmasāmikehi bhikkhūhi kataṃ, taṃ sukatameva hoti. Yopi bhikkhu bahussuto vinayaññū aññaṃ bhikkhuṃ akappiyaparikkhāraṃ gahetvā vicarantaṃ disvā chindāpeyya vā bhindāpeyya vā, anupavajjo, so neva codetabbo na sāretabbo, na taṃ labbhā vattuṃ ‘‘ayaṃ nāma mama parikkhāro tayā nāsito, taṃ me dehī’’ti.
至于军营内的城门、竹门、水井门等处,也都是有涂饰色彩的作业。在军营中没有任何违犯规定的行为,唯独所谓敌对军营。所谓敌对军营,是指由别处王子们管理的军营。因此,那些制造此类军营者应当被告诫“勿在我方界限内设置军营”。若未加以劝诫而继续设营,则还应告诫“勿因而引发上座戒律在座法会中的阻碍,勿破坏僧团和合,你们的军营即便建造也不会被批准”。若强行建造时,因为丧失羞耻之心而气焰高涨,且经正法明了后,则应派遣使者予以劝告“请携带你们的宿所撤退”。若使者带去撤回,即是善事。若不撤回,则应拆除军营与菩提树及圣塔,以分散军营。若拆除后,他们仍不动手破坏,则应取得遮盖、看护、守护等物品,将其托付,使者对其说“请携带你们的仓库物资撤退”。若使者带去,即是善事。若不带走,因仓库物资若被风雪、雨打、火灾、窃贼等毁坏,僧团界限里的比库们不应责怪他们“你们毁坏了我们的仓库”或“你们犯了过失”。对于僧团界内比库们所为,则为极善。如果有比库学识广博、精通律藏,见到他人作出不合适的情况,将其破坏,则此等不守规戒者,不应责备、惩戒,也不应使其承担“那是我的过错,你夺走了我的东西”的责任。
Iti pāḷimuttakavinayavinicchayasaṅgahe · 如是,在《圣典外律判定摄》中
Parikkhāravinicchayakathā samattā. · 资具判定论完毕。