18. Kālikavinicchayakathā · 18. 时限物抉择论
18. Kālikavinicchayakathā18. 时限抉择论
§89
89.Kālikānipicattārīti ettha (pāci. aṭṭha. 255-256) yāvakālikaṃ yāmakālikaṃ sattāhakālikaṃ yāvajīvikanti imāni cattāri kālikāni veditabbāni. Tattha purebhattaṃ paṭiggahetvā paribhuñjitabbaṃ yaṃ kiñci khādanīyabhojanīyaṃ yāva majjhanhikasaṅkhato kālo, tāva paribhuñjitabbato yāvakālikaṃ. Saddhiṃ anulomapānehi aṭṭhavidhaṃ pānaṃ yāva rattiyā pacchimayāmasaṅkhāto yāmo, tāva paribhuñjitabbato yāmo kālo assāti yāmakālikaṃ. Sappiādi pañcavidhaṃ bhesajjaṃ paṭiggahetvā sattāhaṃ nidhetabbato sattāho kālo assāti sattāhakālikaṃ. Ṭhapetvā udakaṃ avasesaṃ sabbampi paṭiggahitaṃ yāvajīvaṃ pariharitvā sati paccaye paribhuñjitabbato yāvajīvikanti vuccati.
所谓卡利时段，依照《巴利·巴季篇·八法》（255-256经）可知，须辨别四种时间段，即日常时间、黄昏时间、周时间及生存时间。所谓日常时间，指从饭前至饭后的中间段，凡可食用、饮用的主食及副食，均宜在此时享用。黄昏时间即日暮时，包含从傍晚至夜晚西方时间段，饮用水等皆须在此时节食。周时间指使用萨比等五种药品疗愈后，应存放七日完满，故名周时间。生存时间指将水盛满至无余，整体收摄保存；唯有具足此条件，称之为生存时间。此外，唯有具足念觉等诸条件，方应在此时间持守。
§90
90. Tattha yāvakālikesu bhojanīyaṃ nāma odano kummāso sattu maccho maṃsanti. Pañca bhojanāni yāmakālikaṃ sattāhakālikaṃ yāvajīvikañca ṭhapetvā avasesaṃ khādanīyaṃ nāma. Ettha (pāci. aṭṭha. 248-9) pana yaṃ tāva sakkhalimodakādi pubbaṇṇāparaṇṇamayaṃ khādanīyaṃ, tattha vattabbameva natthi. Yampi vanamūlādippabhedaṃ āmisagatikaṃ hoti. Seyyathidaṃ – mūlakhādanīyaṃ kandakhādanīyaṃ muḷālakhādanīyaṃ matthakakhādanīyaṃ khandhakhādanīyaṃ tacakhādanīyaṃ pattakhādanīyaṃ pupphakhādanīyaṃ phalakhādanīyaṃ aṭṭhikhādanīyaṃ piṭṭhakhādanīyaṃ niyyāsakhādanīyanti, idampi khādanīyasaṅkhyameva gacchati.
这里日常时间的食物包括粥饭、汤羹、肉类、鱼类等五种。将这五食置于黄昏时段、周时间及生存时间后，多余部分称为主食。依《巴利·巴季篇·八法》（248-9经）曾说，以萨迦利摩荼（某药）等为首尾缀饰的食物，并非属于固定时节的饮食。若是来自野菜根茎类的杂食，即阿蜜沙类（非谷类）食物，如根类、块根、茎块等诸多类型，均划归食物范畴。
Tattha pana āmisagatikasallakkhaṇatthaṃ idaṃ mukhamattanidassanaṃ – mūlakhādanīye tāva mūlakamūlaṃ khārakamūlaṃ caccumūlaṃ tambakamūlaṃ taṇḍuleyyakamūlaṃ vatthuleyyakamūlaṃ vajakalimūlaṃ jajjharimūlanti evamādīni sūpeyyapaṇṇamūlāni āmisagatikāni. Ettha ca vajakalimūle jaraṭṭhaṃ chinditvā chaḍḍenti, taṃ yāvajīvikaṃ hoti. Aññampi evarūpaṃ eteneva nayena veditabbaṃ. Mūlakakhārakajajjharimūlānaṃ pana jaraṭṭhānipi āmisagatikānevāti vuttaṃ. Yāni pana pāḷiyaṃ –
阿蜜沙类食物的判别，主要以表面形状为指标。例如根类，包括木根、盐根、山茱萸根、芒草根、葫芦根、柞树根、青根等，各类均属于阿蜜沙类可食之根。此外，如割断青苔类便丢弃的，即被归为生存时间。其他类似标准亦同，应依此义理分辨。又根据经文说明，割断的根茎也属阿蜜沙类食物。巴利典籍文中称：
‘‘Anujānāmi, bhikkhave, mūlāni bhesajjāni haliddiṃ siṅgiveraṃ vacaṃ vacattaṃ ativisaṃ kaṭukarohiṇiṃ usīraṃ bhaddamuttakaṃ, yāni vā panaññānipi atthi mūlāni bhesajjāni neva khādanīye khādanīyatthaṃ pharanti, na bhojanīye bhojanīyatthaṃ pharantī’’ti (mahāva. 263) –
『比库们，我允许的草药根与黄姜、犁头草、蛇刺草、木猿草、苦竹、灵药草、蓟草、各种草药等，此类根类药物中，没有任何根是专门作食用或主食的，故不可当作主食使用。』
Vuttāni, tāni yāvajīvikāni. Tesaṃ cūḷapañcamūlaṃ mahāpañcamūlantiādinā nayena gaṇiyamānānaṃ gaṇanāya anto natthi, khādanīyatthañca bhojanīyatthañca apharaṇabhāvoyeva panetesaṃ lakkhaṇaṃ. Tasmā yaṃ kiñci mūlaṃ tesu tesu janapadesu pakatiāhāravasena manussānaṃ khādanīyatthaṃ bhojanīyatthañca pharati, taṃ yāvakālikaṃ, itaraṃ yāvajīvikanti veditabbaṃ . Subahuṃ vatvāpi hi imasmiṃyeva lakkhaṇe ṭhātabbaṃ. Nāmasaññāsu pana vuccamānāsu taṃ taṃ nāmaṃ ajānantānaṃ sammohoyeva hoti, tasmā nāmasaññāya ādaraṃ akatvā lakkhaṇameva dassitaṃ. Yathā ca mūle, evaṃ kandādīsupi lakkhaṇaṃ dassayissāma, tasseva vasena vinicchayo veditabbo. Yañca taṃ pāḷiyaṃ haliddādi aṭṭhavidhaṃ vuttaṃ, tassa khandhatacapupphaphalādi sabbaṃ yāvajīvikanti vuttaṃ.
以上说明的即是生存时间食物。又所谓小五根、大五根等名称，是对其数量及性质的划分方法，但不特别详尽具体计数，且对肉食与主食的范畴区分不够明确。因此，凡任何根类植物在各地均以食用且能满足主食需求的，即属日常时间范畴；其余则称为生存时间。对此原则应深思熟虑，深入探讨，切勿仅凭名字妄言，其会使未识者迷惑。必须根据根类植物的实际性质和用途做判断。譬如根类的类目及其特征，应予具体描述，由此而得其归属。如《巴利》文中所说的八种根类药物，其中含有草叶、花果木类等，此皆归为生存时间范围。
Kandakhādanīye duvidho kando dīgho ca bhisakiṃsukakandādi, vaṭṭo ca uppalakaserukakandādi, yaṃ gaṇṭhītipi vadanti. Tattha sabbesaṃ kandānaṃ jiṇṇajaraṭṭhaṭṭhānañca challi ca sukhumamūlāni ca yāvajīvikāni, taruṇo pana sukhakhādanīyo sālakalyāṇipotakakando kiṃsukapotakakando ambāṭakakando ketakakando māluvakando bhisasaṅkhāto padumapuṇḍarīkakando piṇḍālumasāluādayo ca khīravallikando āluvakando siggukando tālakando nīluppalarattuppalakumudasogandhikānaṃ kandā kadalikando veḷukando kaserukakandoti evamādayo tesu tesu janapadesu pakatiāhāravasena manussānaṃ khādanīyatthañca bhojanīyatthañca pharaṇakakandā yāvakālikā. Khīravallikando adhoto yāvajīviko, dhoto yāvakāliko. Khīrakākolijīvikausabhakalasuṇādikandā pana yāvajīvikā. Te pāḷiyaṃ ‘‘yāni vā panaññānipi atthi mūlāni bhesajjānī’’ti evaṃ (mahāva. 263) mūlabhesajjasaṅgaheneva saṅgahitā.
根类食物分两大类：块根类和长根类，举例而言有荸荠、藕、莲花果实等。所有旧根、老根、冻根及幼嫩根均属于生存时间。年轻的嫩食根类，如沙拉、柬埔寨槟榔柯、香木根、田马尼、莲花、红莲、白莲、粉红莲花等各类，均为人们常食用且适合作主食的根块，因属于日常时间类别。某些根类如牛奶蓟、红莲、莲花粉、香气莲花等，是生存时间，水洗过者为日常时间。牛奶草、科里叶若斯草等也是生存时间。经文中曾言『若有其他的根类药物』，即指包含于此类根药物合集之内。
Muḷālakhādanīye padumamuḷālaṃ puṇḍarīkamuḷālaṃ mūlasadisaṃyeva. Erakamuḷālaṃ kandulamuḷālanti evamādi tesu tesu janapadesu pakatiāhāravasena manussānaṃ khādanīyatthaṃ bhojanīyatthañca pharaṇakamuḷālaṃ yāvakālikaṃ, haliddisiṅgiveramakacicaturassavalliketakatālahintālakuntālanāḷikerapūgarukkhādimuḷālaṃ pana yāvajīvikaṃ. Taṃ sabbampi pāḷiyaṃ ‘‘yāni vā panaññānipi atthi mūlāni bhesajjānī’’ti evaṃ mūlabhesajjasaṅgaheneva saṅgahitaṃ.
在根茎类食物中，有莲藕、蒲桃藕、莲的根茎等，与根本相似。像芦根、葱根等，这类在各个地区作为人们饮食之食物和饭食的芦根类根等，涵盖了黄姜、狮子姜、植物叫做四榄科树等的根茎，如甘蔗和竹等也属于此类，均作为生活必需，长期食用。所有这些巴利语中称为「或有其他根，亦为药用根」的，乃是将所有药用根类归纳集合而成。
Matthakakhādanīye tālahintālakuntālaketakanāḷikerapūgarukkhakhajjūrivettaerakakadalīnaṃ kaḷīrasaṅkhātā matthakā, veṇukaḷīro naḷakaḷīro ucchukaḷīro mūlakakaḷīro sāsapakaḷīro satāvarikaḷīro sattannaṃ dhaññānaṃ kaḷīrāti evamādi tesu tesu janapadesu pakatiāhāravasena manussānaṃ khādanīyatthaṃ bhojanīyatthañca pharaṇako rukkhavalliādīnaṃ matthako yāvakāliko, haliddisiṅgiveravacamakacilasuṇānaṃ kaḷīrā, tālahintālakuntālanāḷikerakaḷīrānañca chinditvā pātito jaraṭṭhabundo yāvajīviko.
在茎类食物中，有甘蔗、叫做四榄科树等的植物茎，及蚘藤、芦苇、芭蕉等种类称为“茎”类，是穗状、藤蔓状的。还有竹、苇、芦苇、甘蔗、甘蔗茎这类多年生茎、调和黄姜、狮子姜和四榄科树类的茎，它们被割断采集后，就成为杂木藤类的长期生活使用的食用物。
Khandhakhādanīye antopathavīgato sālakalyāṇīkhandho ucchukhandho nīluppalarattuppalakumudasogandhikānaṃ daṇḍakakhandhāti evamādi tesu tesu janapadesu pakatiāhāravasena manussānaṃ khādanīyatthaṃ bhojanīyatthañca pharaṇako khandho yāvakāliko, uppalajātīnaṃ paṇṇadaṇḍako padumajātīnaṃ sabbopi daṇḍako karavindadaṇḍādayo ca avasesasabbakhandhā yāvajīvikā.
在节块类食物中，有树梨（槟榔）的节块、优姑罗树的节块、蓝莲花莲瓣的节块、莲花、侧金莲和夜莲等的节块，都称为“节块”。这类节块在不同地区作为人们饮食和饭食的藤蔓树枝、节块等，均作为生活必需。莲类叶片、花瓣、莲瓣及折断的莲花茎叶等整齐节块，都可说是长期生活所需的节块。
Tacakhādanīye ucchutacova eko yāvakāliko, sopi saraso, seso sabbo yāvajīviko. Tesaṃ pana matthakakhandhatacānaṃ tiṇṇampi pāḷiyaṃ kasāvabhesajjena saṅgaho veditabbo. Vuttañhetaṃ –
在叶类食物中，有如芦苇叶那样的唯一长期使用的叶，莲叶、莲茎叶等都是长期生活食用的叶。对于甘蔗叶和节块叶段等，都应当用巴利语 kasāvabhesajja（意指“带色药性之物”）来归纳称呼。所记载有：
‘‘Anujānāmi, bhikkhave, kasāvāni bhesajjāni nimbakasāvaṃ kuṭajakasāvaṃ paṭolakasāvaṃ phaggavakasāvaṃ nattamālakasāvaṃ, yāni vā panaññānipi atthi kasāvāni bhesajjāni neva khādanīye khādanīyatthaṃ pharanti, na bhojanīye bhojanīyatthaṃ pharantī’’ti (mahāva. 263).
『我准许，诸比库！用色彩药性制成的药物，如柠檬色、皂角色、藤黄色、白藓苔色、野茄色等，凡是具有这些色药性的药物，都不是作为食物的食用根茎，也不是作为饮食的饭食。』（大部第263经）
Ettha hi etesampi saṅgaho sijjhati. Vuttakasāvāni ca sabbakappiyānīti veditabbāni.
这里也将这些带色药性物汇聚集大。被称为“有色可用”的全部均视为禁用物，应当视之无宜食用。
Pattakhādanīye mūlakaṃ khārako caccu tambako taṇḍuleyyako papunnāgo vatthuleyyako vajakali jajjhari sellu siggu kāsamaddako ummācīnamuggo māso rājamāso ṭhapetvā mahānipphāvaṃ avasesanipphāvo aggimantho sunisannako setavaraṇo nāḷikā bhūmiyaṃ jātaloṇīti etesaṃ pattāni, aññāni ca evarūpāni tesu tesu janapadesu pakatiāhāravasena manussānaṃ khādanīyatthañca bhojanīyatthañca pharaṇakāni pattāni ekaṃsena yāvakālikāni , yā panaññā mahānakhapiṭṭhimattapaṇṇā loṇirukkhe ca gacche ca ārohati, tassā pattaṃ yāvajīvikaṃ. Brahmipattañca yāvakālikanti dīpavāsino vadanti. Ambapallavaṃ yāvakālikaṃ, asokapallavaṃ pana yāvajīvikaṃ. Yāni caññāni pāḷiyaṃ –
具有根茎的可供食用的树叶有：荆棘、菓桑、甜薯叶、芥菜、蒲莱叶、麻叶、郁金香叶、蜘蛛藤叶、丝兰叶、沉香叶、油椰树叶、桃金娘叶、芒果叶、薄荷叶、南瓜叶、金琥林叶、椰子叶、茶叶、莲叶、青箬叶、甘蔗叶等。这些叶片，在不同的地方，以食物及饮食的形式，是人们食用或供作餐具的树叶，有些为短期使用，有些则如大沙捌叶形似摇篮的叶子，可采摘后作为生活用途。岛上居民称可供食用的叶子为短期可用叶子。在印度，芒果叶为短期用途，梣叶则为长期叶。还有其他许多类似叶类，依照各地风俗，作为人们食用或餐具等用处的叶片，多为短期所用；有的大型叶子如犹如粗大的帆布般，适用于长期使用。此中种种叶类，均应视为生活所需的叶片。
‘‘Anujānāmi, bhikkhave, paṇṇāni bhesajjāni nimbapaṇṇaṃ kuṭajapaṇṇaṃ paṭolapaṇṇaṃ sulasipaṇṇaṃ kappāsapaṇṇaṃ, yāni vā panaññānipi atthi paṇṇāni bhesajjāni neva khādanīye khādanīyatthaṃ pharanti, na bhojanīye bhojanīyatthaṃ pharantī’’ti (mahāva. 263) –
世尊告诫比库们，我许可的治疗用叶子包括苦楝叶、木槿叶、灯心草叶、二叶尖叶、棉叶等，有些其他的叶子也是用于医药之用，但它们既不用于食物目的，也不作饮食用具使用。
Vuttāni, tāni yāvajīvikāni. Na kevalañca paṇṇāni, tesaṃ pupphaphalānipi. Yāvajīvikapaṇṇānaṃ pana phaggavapaṇṇaṃ ajjukapaṇṇaṃ phaṇijjakapaṇṇaṃ tambūlapaṇṇaṃ paduminipaṇṇanti evaṃ gaṇanavasena anto natthi.
此中所称的叶子均属短期使用叶。并非所有叶子，包括花和果实，都归于此类短期用途。短期使用叶中有钵灰叶、紫背叶、金链花叶、檀香叶等，虽有多种，但很难列举尽。
Pupphakhādanīye mūlakapupphaṃ khārakapupphaṃ caccupupphaṃ tambakapupphaṃ vajakalipupphaṃ jajjharipupphaṃ cūḷanipphāvapupphaṃ mahānipphāvapupphaṃ kaserukapupphaṃ nāḷikeratālaketakānaṃ taruṇapupphāni setavaraṇapupphaṃ siggupupphaṃ uppalapadumajātikānaṃ pupphānaṃ kaṇṇikāmattaṃ agandhipupphaṃ karīrapupphaṃ jīvantī pupphanti evamādi tesu tesu janapadesu pakatiāhāravasena manussānaṃ khādanīyatthaṃ bhojanīyatthañca pharaṇapupphaṃ yāvakālikaṃ, asokabakulakuyyakapunnāgacampakajātikaravīrakaṇikārakundanavamālikamallikādīnaṃ pana pupphaṃ yāvajīvikaṃ, tassa gaṇanāya anto natthi. Pāḷiyaṃ panassa kasāvabhesajjena saṅgaho veditabbo.
具有根茎的花有：荆棘花、菓桑花、甜薯花、烟叶花、蜘蛛花、小莲花、大莲花、甘蔗花、椰枣花等树木的幼年花、茶花、沉香花、丝兰花、莲花、莲荷花、香水莲花、苦橙花、枣花、玛利花、活花等。在不同地方，依据风俗习惯，这些花用于人们日常供食或饮食所用的容器花，均为短期使用花。另有芒果花、梣花、奇异花、樱花、莲花状串花、多种香花作长期使用花计，但难以详细列举。巴利语中还有以旃檀香治疗花药汇编可考证。
Phalakhādanīye panasalabujatālanāḷikeraambajambuambāṭakatintiṇikamātuluṅgakapitthalābukumbhaṇḍapussaphalatimbarūsakatipusavātiṅgaṇacocamocamadhukādīnaṃ phalāni, yāni loke tesu tesu janapadesu pakatiāhāravasena manussānaṃ khādanīyatthaṃ bhojanīyatthañca pharanti, sabbāni tāni yāvakālikāni, nāmagaṇanavasena tesaṃ na sakkā pariyantaṃ dassetuṃ. Yāni pana pāḷiyaṃ –
有大量果实，包括芒果、酸子、甘蔗、香蕉、柚子、猕猴桃、芒果、红毛丹、葫芦、南瓜等多种果品。它们是世间各地按照风俗习惯，人们作为食物和饮食用具的果实，所有果实均为短期使用。因类型繁多，难以一一详细列举。巴利文记载有：
‘‘Anujānāmi, bhikkhave, phalāni bhesajjāni bilaṅgaṃ pippaliṃ marīcaṃ harītakaṃ vibhītakaṃ āmalakaṃ goṭṭhaphalaṃ, yāni vā panaññānipi atthi phalāni bhesajjāni neva khādanīye khādanīyatthaṃ pharanti, na bhojanīye bhojanīyatthaṃ pharantī’’ti (mahāva. 263) –
世尊告诫比库们，我许可的治疗果实包括蚂蚁果、胡椒、辣椒、黄连、苦楝子、酸橙、石榴等，这些果实及其他类似的医用果实，既不用于食物目的，也不作为饮食用具。
Vuttāni , tāni yāvajīvikāni. Tesampi aparipakkāni acchivabimbavaraṇaketakakāsmarīādīnaṃ phalāni jātiphalaṃ kaṭukaphalaṃ eḷā takkolanti evaṃ nāmavasena na sakkā pariyantaṃ dassetuṃ.
所说者，称为能生存之物。其果实不成熟，如稻谷、没药、莲花、荷花、金合欢等，虽有名号，却不能完全显现其成熟状态。
Aṭṭhikhādanīye labujaṭṭhi panasaṭṭhi ambāṭakaṭṭhi sālaṭṭhi khajjūrīketakatimbarūsakānaṃ taruṇaphalaṭṭhi tintiṇikaṭṭhi bimbaphalaṭṭhi uppalapadumajātīnaṃ pokkharaṭṭhīti evamādīni tesu tesu janapadesu manussānaṃ pakatiāhāravasena khādanīyatthaṃ bhojanīyatthañca pharaṇakāni aṭṭhīni yāvakālikāni, madhukaṭṭhi punnāgaṭṭhi harītakādīnaṃ aṭṭhīni siddhatthakaṭṭhi rājikaṭṭhīti evamādīni aṭṭhīni yāvajīvikāni. Tesaṃ pāḷiyaṃ phalabhesajjeneva saṅgaho veditabbo.
木质果中，诸如莲子、菩提子、菩提刺果、斫木、水柿、枣、肉桂、乌栾、菩提叶类果实，以及荷花、莲花属之水生植物，皆为人间以食用为目的之采摘物。这些树木有八类主要骨质部分供采集，诸如蜜蜂棍、栀子棍、黄栀子等骨质木为常用之材料，还有用于居民生活的木器，如柘木、专为成熟之木器和皇室用料的木头等。此类木质骨材多为常用之自然资源，应以巴利文的果料药名加以辨识。
Piṭṭhakhādanīye sattannaṃ tāva dhaññānaṃ dhaññānulomānaṃ aparaṇṇānañca piṭṭhaṃ panasapiṭṭhaṃ labujapiṭṭhaṃ ambāṭakapiṭṭhaṃ sālapiṭṭhaṃ dhotakatālapiṭṭhaṃ khīravallipiṭṭhañcāti evamādīni tesu tesu janapadesu pakatiāhāravasena manussānaṃ khādanīyatthaṃ bhojanīyatthañca pharaṇakāni piṭṭhāni yāvakālikāni, adhotakaṃ tālapiṭṭhaṃ khīravallipiṭṭhaṃ assagandhādipiṭṭhāni ca yāvajīvikāni. Tesaṃ pāḷiyaṃ kasāvehi mūlaphalehi ca saṅgaho veditabbo.
皮质果中，则有十七种谷类及类似物，如谷壳、谷皮、谷壳似物，以及诸如水柿果皮、苹果皮、焙烤过的谷皮、乳酪皮等。以上皆为人间以食用与烹饪目的采摘物。皮质果亦包含收集根部和果根之材料，诸如沥青木皮和乳涎木皮等，均属于常用之物。此类皮质果应以巴利文名与根果类作分别辨识。
Niyyāsakhādanīye – eko ucchuniyyāsova sattāhakāliko, sesā –
木枝果中，有一类为长枝状，称为「尼耶萨枝」，长最长达七十八个计时单位，余者乃其他枝类。
‘‘Anujānāmi, bhikkhave, jatūni bhesajjāni hiṅguṃ hiṅgujatuṃ hiṅgusipāṭikaṃ takaṃ takapattiṃ takapaṇṇiṃ sajjulasaṃ, yāni vā panaññānipi atthi jatūni bhesajjānī’’ti (mahāva. 263) –
经文中说：『我准许，诸比库，能生药中含有频婆(没药)、频婆酥、频婆脂膏、纘膏、捣叶叶等，也存在诸他类能生药中。』（大部第263经）
Evaṃ pāḷiyaṃ vuttā niyyāsā yāvajīvikā. Tattha yevāpanakavasena saṅgahitānaṃ ambaniyyāso kaṇikāraniyyāsoti evaṃ nāmavasena na sakkā pariyantaṃ dassetuṃ. Evaṃ imesu mūlakhādanīyādīsu yaṃ kiñci yāvakālikaṃ, sabbampi imasmiṃ atthe avasesaṃ khādanīyaṃ nāmāti saṅgahitaṃ.
此为巴利语记载之长枝果。至于所归入合者所整理之蜂蜜枝名为「蜂蜜枝」，诸此名号均不可完全显现其尽相。由此，在包括根果树枝等一切常时采摘物中，皆以此义涵盖有名称的可食用果实。
§91
91. Yāmakālikesu pana aṭṭha pānāni nāma ambapānaṃ jambupānaṃ cocapānaṃ mocapānaṃ madhukapānaṃ muddikapānaṃ sālūkapānaṃ phārusakapānanti imāni aṭṭha pānāni. Tattha (mahāva. aṭṭha. 300) ambapānanti āmehi vā pakkehi vā ambehi katapānaṃ. Tattha āmehi karontena ambataruṇāni bhinditvā udake pakkhipitvā ātape ādiccapākena pacitvā parissāvetvā tadahupaṭiggahitakehi madhusakkārakappūrādīhi yojetvā kātabbaṃ, evaṃ kataṃ purebhattameva kappati. Anupasampannehi kataṃ labhitvā pana purebhattaṃ paṭiggahitaṃ purebhattaṃ sāmisaparibhogenapi vaṭṭati, pacchābhattaṃ nirāmisaparibhogena yāva aruṇuggamanā vaṭṭati. Esa nayo sabbapānesu. Jambupānanti jambuphalehi katapānaṃ. Cocapānanti aṭṭhikakadaliphalehi katapānaṃ. Mocapānanti anaṭṭhikehi kadaliphalehi katapānaṃ. Madhukapānanti madhukānaṃ jātirasena katapānaṃ. Taṃ pana udakasambhinnaṃ vaṭṭati, suddhaṃ na vaṭṭati. Muddikapānanti muddikā udake madditvā ambapānaṃ viya katapānaṃ. Sālūkapānanti rattuppalanīluppalādīnaṃ sālūke madditvā katapānaṃ. Phārusakapānanti phārusakaphalehi ambapānaṃ viya katapānaṃ. Imāni aṭṭha pānāni sītānipi ādiccapākānipi vaṭṭanti, aggipākāni na vaṭṭanti.
第九十一条。于夜间饮食中，有八种所谓饮料，名为酸果汁饮、番石榴饮、椰子饮、椰奶饮、蜂蜜饮、麦乳饮、榄果饮和柚果饮。这八种饮料中，所谓酸果汁饮者，是以未熟或熟透的酸果制成的。制法为用酸果将嫩果打碎，投入水中，曝晒于烈日下，反复煮沸，浸泡并搅拌，再加入蜂蜜、糖浆及香料混合调制，所制之饮料即为酸果汁饮，且此饮法沿用至今。未经过此充分处理的酸果汁饮，虽可获得，但为未经精制的酸饮，并不洁净。番石榴饮乃以番石榴为原料制成。椰子饮则用椰子肉及椰子浆果制成。椰奶饮为椰奶与水混合而成，亦如酸果汁饮一般。麦乳饮乃用麦芽浸泡水中调配而成。榄果饮采用榄果制成，亦如酸饮。柚果饮则以柚果所制的酸饮。这八种饮料在夏天及日晒下适合饮用，但对于烈火燃烧之饮料则不宜。
Avasesāni vettatintiṇikamātuluṅgakapitthakosambakaramandādikhuddakaphalapānāni aṭṭhapānagaakāneva. Tāni kiñcāpi pāḷiyaṃ na vuttāni, atha kho kappiyaṃ anulomenti, tasmā kappanti. ‘‘Anujānāmi, bhikkhave, sabbaṃ phalarasaṃ ṭhapetvā dhaññaphalarasa’’nti (mahāva. aṭṭha. 300) vuttattā ṭhapetvā sānulomadhaññaphalarasaṃ aññaṃ phalapānaṃ nāma akappiyaṃ natthi, sabbaṃ yāmakālikameva. Tattha sānulomadhaññaphalaraso nāma sattannañceva dhaññānaṃ tālanāḷikerapanasalabujaalābukumbhaṇḍapussaphalatipusaeḷālukāti navannañca mahāphalānaṃ sabbesañca pubbaṇṇāparaṇṇānaṃ anulomadhaññānaṃ raso yāvakāliko, tasmā pacchābhattaṃ na vaṭṭati. ‘‘Anujānāmi, bhikkhave, sabbaṃ pattarasaṃ ṭhapetvā ḍākarasa’’nti (mahāva. 300) vuttattā pakkaḍākarasaṃ ṭhapetvā yāvakālikapattānampi sītodakena madditvā kataraso vā ādiccapāko vā vaṭṭati. ‘‘Anujānāmi, bhikkhave, sabbaṃ puppharasaṃ ṭhapetvā madhukapuppharasa’’nti vuttattā madhukapuppharasaṃ ṭhapetvā sabbopi puppharaso vaṭṭati.
其余果汁饮料如玉米、苦瓜、梧果、野生柑橘以及若干小型果树和杂果汁饮等，也有八种饮料之分类。虽未在巴利文献中专称，然因其合乎制作方式而视为同类饮料。经中记载：『诸比库应准许所有作物榨汁，以混合谷物汁饮用。』所谓谷物汁饮，是指定期谷物及腰果、椰子、香蕉、芒果、苹果等鲜果所榨汁，每年适时采摘的新鲜谷物混合汁饮，其品质因季节变换差异显著，故不宜久存。又称『叶汁饮』，即将叶汁加入可制凉饮或热饮。『花汁饮』亦有记载，以蜂蜜花汁调和制成，各种花汁饮皆适宜饮用。
§92
92. Sattāhakālikaṃ nāma sappi navanītaṃ telaṃ madhu phāṇitanti imāni pañca bhesajjāni. Tattha sappi nāma gosappi vā ajikāsappi vā mahiṃsasappi vā yesaṃ maṃsaṃ kappati, tesaṃ sappi. Navanītaṃ nāma tesaṃyeva navanītaṃ. Telaṃ nāma tilatelaṃ sāsapatelaṃ madhukatelaṃ eraṇḍatelaṃ vasātelaṃ. Madhu nāma makkhikāmadhu. Phāṇitaṃ nāma ucchumhā nibbattaṃ (paci. 260). Yāvajīvikaṃ pana heṭṭhā yāvakālike mūlakhādanīyādīsu vuttanayeneva veditabbaṃ.
第九十二条。有五种药物，名为鱼膏、牛油、芝麻油、蜂蜜和臭罗香油。所谓鱼膏，是以鱼肉熬制而成，包括野猪鱼膏等。牛油即乳牛所产的黄油。芝麻油为芝麻籽压榨成油。蜂蜜乃蜂室出产之蜜。臭罗香油，是指特定香料压榨出的油。以上药物普遍作治疗用。至于下文提及为野外采集的草根药材，应依照当时流传的医药知识分别辨识。
§93
93. Tattha (pāci. aṭṭha. 256) aruṇodaye paṭiggahitaṃ yāvakālikaṃ satakkhattumpi nidahitvā yāva kālo nātikkamati, tāva paribhuñjituṃ vaṭṭati, yāmakālikaṃ ekaṃ ahorattaṃ, sattāhakālikaṃ sattarattaṃ, itaraṃ sati paccaye yāvajīvampi paribhuñjituṃ vaṭṭati. Paṭiggahetvā ekarattaṃ vītināmitaṃ pana yaṃ kiñci yāvakālikaṃ vā yāmakālikaṃ vā ajjhoharitukāmatāya gaṇhantassa paṭiggahaṇe tāva dukkaṭaṃ, ajjhoharato pana ekamekasmiṃ ajjhohāre sannidhipaccayā pācittiyaṃ. Sacepi patto duddhoto hoti, yaṃ aṅguliyā ghaṃsantassa lekhā paññāyati, gaṇṭhikapattassa vā gaṇṭhikantare sneho paviṭṭho hoti, so uṇhe otāpentassa paggharati, uṇhayāguyā vā gahitāya sandissati, tādise pattepi punadivase bhuñjantassa pācittiyaṃ, tasmā pattaṃ dhovitvā puna tattha acchodakaṃ vā āsiñcitvā aṅguliyā vā ghaṃsitvā nisnehabhāvo jānitabbo. Sace hi udake vā snehabhāvo, patte vā aṅgulilekhā paññāyati, duddhoto hoti, telavaṇṇapatte pana aṅgulilekhā paññāyati, sā abbohārikā. Yampi bhikkhū nirapekkhā sāmaṇerānaṃ pariccajanti, tañce sāmaṇerā nidahitvā denti, sabbaṃ vaṭṭati. Sayaṃ paṭiggahetvā apariccattameva hi dutiyadivase na vaṭṭati. Tato hi ekasitthampi ajjhoharato pācittiyameva. Akappiyamaṃsesu manussamaṃse thullaccayena saddhiṃ pācittiyaṃ, avasesesu dukkaṭena saddhiṃ.
〔经律疏云〕日出时制成的饮料，若保存不超过七天，仍可饮用。所谓夜饮，一昼夜新鲜可用；鱼膏有效期为七天。若其他条款许可，可在保存期内饮用。初制饮料仅存一日，若盛器未被污染，则不算浑浊。若发现饮料中有人指认为污染的指纹，或容器有油迹，则视为不洁，饮用者应忏悔。若饮料浑浊，或容器有油渍，或棕色的油迹，则视为污染。比库若对沙玛内拉不予关注，沙玛内拉饮后均有效。若自己取用饮料，若未公用，则次日仍可饮用。否则在饮用者之间即产生忏悔罪。若因污染互相传染，则罪责同等加重。
Yāmakālikaṃ sati paccaye ajjhoharato pācittiyaṃ, āhāratthāya ajjhoharato dukkaṭena saddhiṃ pācittiyaṃ. Sace pavārito hutvā anatirittakataṃ ajjhoharati, pakatiāmise dve pācittiyāni, manussamaṃse thullaccayena saddhiṃ dve, sesaakappiyamaṃse dukkaṭena saddhiṃ. Yāmakālikaṃ sati paccaye sāmisena mukhena ajjhoharato dve, nirāmisena ekameva. Āhāratthāya ajjhoharato vikappadvayepi dukkaṭaṃ vaḍḍhati. Sace vikāle ajjhoharati, pakatibhojane sannidhipaccayā ca vikālabhojanapaccayā ca dve pācittiyāni, akappiyamaṃse thullaccayaṃ dukkaṭañca vaḍḍhati. Yāmakālike vikālapaccayā anāpatti. Anatirittapaccayā pana vikāle sabbavikappesu anāpatti.
夜饮时若食器洁净，初次饮用即产生忏悔罪；因饮食产生污染罪亦相同。若饮用后未经严格清洁，饮用时未达规定期限，则产生两重忏悔罪。若半夜饮用，因与食器污秽密切相关，亦产生两重忏悔罪。夜饮时若饮器经严格清洗，并达清凉饮用条件，则无罪。若未严格清洗，泛滥饮料亦视为污染，生忏悔罪。保存时间届满时饮用，则对一切饮料均无罪。饮料若因时间溢出界限，则视为变质，应忏悔。
Sattāhakālikaṃ pana yāvajīvikañca āhāratthāya paṭiggaṇhato paṭiggaṇhanapaccayā tāva dukkaṭaṃ, ajjhoharato pana sace nirāmisaṃ hoti, ajjhohāre dukkaṭaṃ. Atha āmisasaṃsaṭṭhaṃ paṭiggahetvā ṭhapitaṃ hoti, yathāvatthukaṃ pācittiyameva.
七天效期的鱼膏或谷物汁饮，若初次饮用即产生忏悔罪。若严格存放且饮用干净之品，则不生忏悔罪。但若混合带有肉类成分的饮料，也视为忏悔罪。故若取自肉类混合饮料，即使制作妥当亦须忏悔。
§94
94. Sattāhakālikesu pana sappiādīsu ayaṃ vinicchayo (pārā. aṭṭha. 2.622) – sappi tāva purebhattaṃ paṭiggahitaṃ tadahupurebhattaṃ sāmisampi nirāmisampi paribhuñjituṃ vaṭṭati, pacchābhattato paṭṭhāya sattāhaṃ nirāmisaṃ paribhuñjitabbaṃ. Sattāhātikkame sace ekabhājane ṭhapitaṃ, ekaṃ nissaggiyaṃ. Sace bahūsu, vatthugaṇanāya nissaggiyāni. Pacchābhattaṃ paṭiggahitaṃ nirāmisameva vaṭṭati, purebhattaṃ vā pacchābhattaṃ vā uggahitakaṃ katvā nikkhittaṃ ajjhoharituṃ na vaṭṭati, abbhañjanādīsu upanetabbaṃ. Sattāhātikkamepi anāpatti anajjhoharaṇīyataṃ āpannattā. Sace anupasampanno purebhattaṃ paṭiggahitanavanītena sappiṃ katvā deti, purebhattaṃ sāmisampi vaṭṭati, sace sayaṃ karoti, sattāhampi nirāmisameva vaṭṭati. Pacchābhattaṃ paṭiggahitanavanītena yena kenaci katasappi sattāhampi nirāmisameva vaṭṭati, uggahitakena kate pubbe vuttasuddhasappinayeneva vinicchayo veditabbo. Purebhattaṃ paṭiggahitakhīrena vā dadhinā vā katasappi anupasampannena kataṃ sāmisampi tadahupurebhattaṃ vaṭṭati, sayaṃkataṃ nirāmisameva vaṭṭati.
94. 关于七昼夜期内使用牛脂等问题的结论──此说见于《杂事法》、《八难论》第2卷第622偈。牛脂在前食时取用，若当时就具有，应当届时既可用于有奶状且无奶状的同物共食；食毕后，应留作七昼夜无奶状的共食使用。若七昼夜超过，且仅放置一种食物，则为一个不可丢弃品；若多种，则依种类计数为多个不可丢弃品。食毕后取用之物仍为无奶状，若取用前后品类有变，不得离开原处搬运，必须用于敲打等后续用途。超过七昼夜，且适合携带，则无过失且不可搬运。若不服从戒律，前食时取用乳脂制品，则应以有奶状供养之，若自行制成，则七昼夜期内应供无奶状。食毕后用乳脂或其他牛脂制品，则应依先前乳脂清洁使用之结论履行。以器皿中剩乳脂或黄油制成新牛脂，且未经戒律许可而制者，属违戒，应依原先无奶状供养方案处理。前食或食后采用乳脂物，若未经戒律许可制成，则应以有奶状处理，且自行制成则为无奶状共食。
§95
95.Navanītaṃ tāpentassa hi sāmaṃpāko na hoti, sāmaṃpakkena pana tena saddhiṃ āmisaṃ na vaṭṭati, pacchābhattato paṭṭhāya ca na vaṭṭatiyeva. Sattāhātikkamepi anāpatti savatthukassa paṭiggahitattā. Pacchābhattaṃ paṭiggahitakehi kataṃ pana abbhañjanādīsu upanetabbaṃ. Purebhattampi ca uggahitakehi kataṃ, ubhayesampi sattāhātikkame anāpatti. Esa nayo akappiyamaṃsasappimhi. Ayaṃ pana viseso – yattha pāḷiyaṃ āgatasappinā nissaggiyaṃ, tattha iminā dukkaṭaṃ. Andhakaṭṭhakathāyaṃ kāraṇapatirūpakaṃ vatvā manussasappi ca navanītañca paṭikkhittaṃ, taṃ duppaṭikkhittaṃ sabbaaṭṭhakathāsu anuññātattā. Parato cassa vinicchayopi āgacchissati. Pāḷiyaṃ āgatanavanītampi purebhattaṃ paṭiggahitaṃ tadahupurebhattaṃ sāmisampi vaṭṭati, pacchābhattato paṭṭhāya nirāmisameva. Sattāhātikkame nānābhājanesu ṭhapite bhājanagaṇanāya, ekabhājanepi amissetvā piṇḍapiṇḍavasena ṭhapite piṇḍagaṇanāya nissaggiyāni. Pacchābhattaṃ paṭiggahitaṃ sappinayena veditabbaṃ. Ettha pana dadhiguḷikāyopi takkabindūnipi honti, tasmā dhotaṃ vaṭṭatīti upaḍḍhattherā āhaṃsu. Mahāsivatthero pana ‘‘bhagavatā anuññātakālato paṭṭhāya takkato uddhaṭamattameva khādiṃsū’’ti āha. Tasmā navanītaṃ paribhuñjantena dhovitvā dadhitakkamakkhikākipillikādīni apanetvā paribhuñjitabbaṃ. Pacitvā sappiṃ katvā paribhuñjitukāmena adhotampi paribhuñjituṃ vaṭṭati. Yaṃ tattha dadhigataṃ vā takkagataṃ vā, taṃ khayaṃ gamissati. Ettāvatā hi savatthukapaṭiggahitaṃ nāma na hotīti ayamettha adhippāyo. Āmisena saddhiṃ pakkattā pana tasmimpi kukkuccāyanti kukkuccakā. Idāni uggahetvā ṭhapitanavanīte ca purebhattaṃ khīradadhīni paṭiggahetvā katanavanīte ca pacchābhattaṃ tāni paṭiggahetvā katanavanīte ca uggahitakehi katanavanīte ca akappiyamaṃsanavanīte ca sabbo āpattānāpattiparibhogāparibhoganayo sappimhi vuttakkameneva gahetabbo. Telabhikkhāya paviṭṭhānaṃ pana bhikkhūnaṃ tattheva sappimpi navanītampi pakkatelampi apakkatelampi ākiranti. Tattha takkadadhibindūnipi bhattasitthānipi taṇḍulakaṇāpi makkhikādayopi honti, ādiccapākaṃ katvā parissāvetvā gahitaṃ sattāhakālikaṃ hoti. Paṭiggahetvā ca ṭhapitabhesajjehi saddhiṃ pacitvā natthupānampi kātuṃ vaṭṭati. Sace vaddalisamaye lajjī sāmaṇero yathā tattha patitataṇḍulakaṇādayo na paccanti, evaṃ aggimhi vilīyāpetvā parissāvetvā puna pacitvā deti, purimanayeneva sattāhaṃ vaṭṭati.
95. 新制黄油对于持戒者来说并非自然共食物，若以自然共食之物与之混合，则不被允许共食，同样不可于食毕后搬离。超过七昼夜限制仍可视为持戒者所有之物，但食毕后制作的要用作击打等应事先准备。前食和食后制作皆无过失。此乃关于不可取用肉类产品之特别规定。当黄油配肉用时，《暗黑论》中将肉类看作因缘而成，人与黄油不可混食，因此之前《八难论》普遍未载此。后续也将对此进行讨论。新制黄油如果以食毕前攞取的乳脂制成，应归于前食时乳脂之类，至于是否清洁应依前言判断。以乳制品或奶油制成未经持戒许可之物，应按前食时乳脂作为共食物，亲手制成则为无奶共食。
§96
96.Telesu tilatelaṃ tāva purebhattaṃ paṭiggahitaṃ purebhattaṃ sāmisampi vaṭṭati, pacchābhattato paṭṭhāya nirāmisameva vaṭṭati. Sattāhātikkame tassa bhājanagaṇanāya nissaggiyabhāvo veditabbo. Pacchābhattaṃ paṭiggahitaṃ sattāhaṃ nirāmisameva vaṭṭati, uggahitakaṃ katvā nikkhittaṃ ajjhoharituṃ na vaṭṭati, sīsamakkhanādīsu upanetabbaṃ, sattāhātikkamepi anāpatti. Purebhattaṃ tile paṭiggahetvā katatelaṃ purebhattaṃ sāmisampi vaṭṭati, pacchābhattato paṭṭhāya anajjhoharaṇīyaṃ hoti, sīsamakkhanādīsu upanetabbaṃ, sattāhātikkamepi anāpatti. Pacchābhattaṃ tile paṭiggahetvā katatelaṃ anajjhoharaṇīyameva savatthukapaṭiggahitattā. Sattāhātikkamepi anāpatti, sīsamakkhanādīsu upanetabbaṃ. Purebhattaṃ vā pacchābhattaṃ vā uggahitakatilehi katatelepi eseva nayo. Purebhattaṃ paṭiggahitatile bhajjitvā vā tilapiṭṭhaṃ vā sedetvā uṇhodakena vā temetvā katatelaṃ sace anupasampannena kataṃ, purebhattaṃ sāmisampi vaṭṭati, attanā kataṃ nibbaṭṭitattā purebhattaṃ nirāmisaṃ vaṭṭati, sāmaṃpakkattā sāmisaṃ na vaṭṭati. Savatthukapaṭiggahitattā pana pacchābhattato paṭṭhāya ubhayampi anajjhoharaṇīyaṃ, sīsamakkhanādīsu upanetabbaṃ, sattāhātikkamepi anāpatti. Yadi pana appaṃ uṇhodakaṃ hoti abbhukkiraṇamattaṃ, abbohārikaṃ hoti sāmaṃpākagaṇanaṃ na gacchati. Sāsapatelādīsupi avatthukapaṭiggahitesu avatthukatilatele vuttasadisova vinicchayo.
96. 以芝麻油为例，纯芝麻油若为前食时所取，可视为有奶状共食物，食毕后存放则无奶状应付使用。超过七昼夜后，视种类计为不可丢弃的多件物品。食毕后制作并长期存放无奶共食物，取出并重新加工则不可搬运，应用作击打等后续用途，超过七昼夜仍然无过失。若以芝麻和芝麻油混合使用，视为同类共食，食毕后存放不可搬离，须保存于头发油等处。若以未经许可办法制成，则视为无过失，头发油等处应用妥且超过七昼夜无违戒。若取用少量水调合，属非共食类，不应计算共食期限。此为关于芥菜油及芝麻油的判定。
Sace pana purebhattaṃ paṭiggahitānaṃ sāsapādīnaṃ cuṇṇehi ādiccapākena sakkā telaṃ kātuṃ, taṃ purebhattaṃ sāmisampi vaṭṭati, pacchābhattato paṭṭhāya nirāmisameva vaṭṭati, sattāhātikkame nissaggiyaṃ. Yasmā pana sāsapamadhukacuṇṇāni sedetvā eraṇḍakaṭṭhīni ca bhajjitvā eva telaṃ karonti, tasmā etesaṃ telaṃ anupasampannehi kataṃ purebhattaṃ sāmisampi vaṭṭati, vatthūnaṃ yāvajīvikattā pana savatthukapaṭiggahaṇe doso natthi. Attanā kataṃ sattāhaṃ nirāmisaparibhogeneva paribhuñjitabbaṃ. Uggahitakehi kataṃ anajjhoharaṇīyaṃ, bāhiraparibhoge vaṭṭati, sattāhātikkamepi anāpatti. Telakaraṇatthāya sāsapamadhukaeraṇḍakaṭṭhīni paṭiggahetvā katatelaṃ sattāhakālikaṃ, dutiyadivase kataṃ chāhaṃ vaṭṭati, tatiyadivase kataṃ pañcāhaṃ vaṭṭati, catuttha, pañcama, chaṭṭha, sattamadivase kataṃ tadaheva vaṭṭati. Sace yāva aruṇassa uggamanā tiṭṭhati, nissaggiyaṃ, aṭṭhamadivase kataṃ anajjhoharaṇīyaṃ, anissaggiyattā pana bāhiraparibhoge vaṭṭati. Sacepi na karoti, telatthāya gahitasāsapādīnaṃ sattāhātikkame dukkaṭameva. Pāḷiyaṃ pana anāgatāni aññānipi nāḷikeranimbakosambakaramandādīnaṃ telāni atthi, tāni paṭiggahetvā sattāhaṃ atikkāmayato dukkaṭaṃ hoti. Ayametesu viseso – sesaṃ yāvakālikavatthuṃ yāvajīvikavatthuñca sallakkhetvā sāmaṃpākasavatthukapurebhattapacchābhattapaṭiggahitauggahitavatthuvidhānaṃ sabbaṃ vuttanayeneva veditabbaṃ.
若以前食时攞取之蜂蜡及其他蜜质材料以炼制油脂，此油脂可视作有奶状共食物，食毕后存放则为无奶状，超过七昼夜则为不可丢弃品。因为蜂蜡及蜜质温涅斥重熬炼成油，故在未得到许可情况下，以此油脂作为共食物有过失。取用者仍应依前食时乳脂类统领的法则供养使用。炼制蜂蜡油脂时，每日使用量有限制，连续多日依次递减。若持续至日出前仍存剩，则不可丢弃，但可用于外部用途。若不使用则对蜂蜡用品构成过失。未来尚有其他诸如椰子油、肉沫等多种油脂，依照此类前食、食毕、存放、取用的规则应当一一判断。此即强调整个供养共食物管理方案须符合前言一贯标准。
Vasātelaṃ nāma ‘‘anujānāmi, bhikkhave, pañca vasāni acchavasaṃ macchavasaṃ susukāvasaṃ sūkaravasaṃ gadrabhavasa’’nti (mahāva. 262) evaṃ anuññātavasānaṃ telaṃ. Ettha ca ‘‘acchavasa’’nti vacanena ṭhapetvā manussavasaṃ sabbesaṃ akappiyamaṃsānaṃ vasā anuññātā. Macchaggahaṇena ca susukāpi gahitā honti, vāḷamacchattā pana visuṃ vuttaṃ. Macchādiggahaṇena cettha sabbesampi kappiyamaṃsānaṃ vasā anuññātā. Maṃsesu hi dasa manussahatthiassasunakhaahisīhabyagghadīpiacchataracchānaṃ maṃsāni akappiyāni, vasāsu ekā manussavasā. Khīrādīsu akappiyaṃ nāma natthi. Anupasampannehi kataṃ nibbaṭṭitaṃ vasātelaṃ purebhattaṃ paṭiggahitaṃ purebhattaṃ sāmisampi vaṭṭati, pacchābhattato paṭṭhāya sattāhaṃ nirāmisameva vaṭṭati. Yaṃ pana tattha sukhumarajasadisaṃ maṃsaṃ vā nhāru vā aṭṭhi vā lohitaṃ vā hoti, taṃ abbohārikaṃ. Sace pana vasaṃ paṭiggahetvā sayaṃ karoti, purebhattaṃ paṭiggahetvā pacitvā parissāvetvā sattāhaṃ nirāmisaparibhogena paribhuñjitabbaṃ. Nirāmisaparibhogañhi sandhāya idaṃ vuttaṃ ‘‘kāle paṭiggahitaṃ kāle nippakkaṃ kāle saṃsaṭṭhaṃ telaparibhogena paribhuñjitu’’nti (mahāva. 262). Tatrāpi abbohārikaṃ abbohārikameva, pacchābhattaṃ pana paṭiggahetuṃ vā kātuṃ vā na vaṭṭatiyeva. Vuttañhetaṃ –
所谓生活用油，即为“我告诸比库，容许五种油：棕榈油、椰油、杨梅油、猪油、驴油”（《大部律》262偈）——这即为许可的油脂。在此，“椰油”一词指代禁止来历的不正肉类制作的油脂，但人类所用油脂均许可。采集肉类时，猪及肉类取料的禁戒肉类均属不可，油脂中仅有人用油属于许可。牛奶制品中无禁许可成分。未经许可而制成油脂时，前食时乳脂类归为有奶状共食物，食毕后存放则为无奶状。若采用品质细嫩之肉、骨、血、汗等杂质混合，则为不洁物。若自行采集油脂且前食时即取用须炼制，食毕后妥善保存并于七昼夜内用作无奶状共食。这即是有关油脂加工使用的戒律规定。耶其油脂须同诸肉类服用，戒律说“当时取用，当时已熟，当时合用，若供养属不善；若当时取用，当时熟成，当时合用，则无过失”。
‘‘Vikāle ce, bhikkhave, paṭiggahitaṃ vikāle nippakkaṃ vikāle saṃsaṭṭhaṃ, taṃ ce paribhuñjeyya, āpatti tiṇṇaṃ dukkaṭānaṃ. Kāle ce, bhikkhave, paṭiggahitaṃ vikāle nippakkaṃ vikāle saṃsaṭṭhaṃ, taṃ ce paribhuñjeyya, āpatti dvinnaṃ dukkaṭānaṃ. Kāle ce, bhikkhave, paṭiggahitaṃ kāle nippakkaṃ vikāle saṃsaṭṭhaṃ, taṃ ce paribhuñjeyya, āpatti dukkaṭassa . Kāle ce, bhikkhave, paṭiggahitaṃ kāle nippakkaṃ kāle saṃsaṭṭhaṃ, taṃ ce paribhuñjeyya, anāpattī’’ti (mahāva. 262).
“比库们，若在规定时间内取用、熟成及合用，若共食之时正好相合，则无过失；若逐渐熟成、逐渐合用，则有二重过失；若当时取用熟成，但过时合用，则仍属一过失；若三者皆同时，则无过失。”（《大部律》262偈）此即关于油脂及供养使用时间的戒律原则。
Upatissattheraṃ pana antevāsikā pucchiṃsu ‘‘bhante, sappinavanītavasāni ekato pacitvā nibbaṭṭitāni vaṭṭanti, na vaṭṭantī’’ti? ‘‘Na vaṭṭanti, āvuso’’ti. Thero kirettha pakkatelakasaṭe viya kukkuccāyati. Tato naṃ uttari pucchiṃsu ‘‘bhante, navanīte dadhiguḷikā vā takkabindu vā hoti, etaṃ vaṭṭatī’’ti? ‘‘Etampi, āvuso, na vaṭṭatī’’ti. Tato naṃ āhaṃsu ‘‘bhante, ekato pacitvā ekato saṃsaṭṭhāni tejavantāni honti, rogaṃ niggaṇhantī’’ti. ‘‘Sādhāvuso’’ti thero sampaṭicchi. Mahāsumatthero panāha ‘‘kappiyamaṃsavasāva sāmisaparibhoge vaṭṭati, itarā nirāmisaparibhoge vaṭṭatī’’ti. Mahāpadumatthero pana ‘‘idaṃ ki’’nti paṭikkhipitvā ‘‘nanu vātābādhikā bhikkhū pañcamūlakasāvayāguyaṃ acchasūkaratelādīni pakkhipitvā yāguṃ pivanti, sā tejussadattā rogaṃ niggaṇhātī’’ti vatvā ‘‘vaṭṭatī’’ti āha.
末住比库长老曾问曰：「尊者，纯净未掺胶的新鲜酥油，若一处涂抹煮熟，则转变、腐败；若不涂抹，亦不转变、腐败乎？」长老答曰：「不腐败，尊者。」该长老此时心中如同被一百根针刺般烦恼。于是众又问：「尊者，新鲜酥油中是否含有凝乳颗粒或凝乳滴？若有，是否转变腐败？」答曰：「这些亦不腐败，尊者。」众复言：「尊者，一处煮熟的酥油，一处团聚且极具光泽者，能抗病邪。」长老允诺：「可也，尊者。」大讷尊者又言：「适宜之肉汤若供厨宰功用，则腐败；若供净厨以外，则不腐败。」摩诃巴杜玛尊者则否定说：「此为何物？」继言：「复有风病侵扰，比库因五根本大小便疾病，饮用崖豕骨汤等诸汤，此类汤料明亮且能抗病。」遂曰：「故此，即腐败。」
§97
97.Madhu nāma madhukarīhi madhumakkhikāhi khuddakamakkhikāhi bhamaramakkhikāhi ca kataṃ madhu. Taṃ purebhattaṃ paṭiggahitaṃ purebhattaṃ sāmisaparibhogampi vaṭṭati, pacchābhattato paṭṭhāya sattāhaṃ nirāmisaparibhogameva vaṭṭati, sattāhātikkame nissaggiyaṃ. Sace silesasadisaṃ mahāmadhuṃ khaṇḍaṃ katvā ṭhapitaṃ, itaraṃ vā nānābhājanesu, vatthugaṇanāya nissaggiyāni. Sace ekameva khaṇḍaṃ, ekabhājane vā itaraṃ, ekameva nissaggiyaṃ. Uggahitakaṃ vuttanayeneva veditabbaṃ, arumakkhanādīsu upanetabbaṃ. Madhupaṭalaṃ vā madhusitthakaṃ vā sace madhunā amakkhitaṃ parisuddhaṃ, yāvajīvikaṃ, madhumakkhitaṃ pana madhugatikameva. Cīrikā nāma sapakkhā dīghamakkhikā tumbaḷanāmikā ca aṭṭhipakkhikā kāḷamahābhamarā honti, tesaṃ āsayesu niyyāsasadisaṃ madhu hoti, taṃ yāvajīvikaṃ.
蜜者，乃由蜂、蜜蜂、小蜂与马蜂所采集之蜜。此蜜如生食、或供净厨食用皆可流通，然餐后保存一周以上则仅能供非净厨食用，超过一周则必须舍弃。若制成籼米状的大蜜块或散置多样食物中则视为应舍弃。若仅一块蜜，或单独食用，亦属应舍弃。以上规则，据经论所述宜当知晓，并应于榔榆类树采集。若蜜叶或蜜刷以蜜采集且纯洁无杂，则可长时保存；若采有杂质，则仅限于蜜蜂活动期使用。所谓鹫蜂，又称刺蜂、图姆巴兰蜂、八翼蜂及大黑马蜂，彼等巢穴中所储蜜亦为上述蜜之类似可长期使用者。
§98
98.Phāṇitaṃ nāma ucchurasaṃ upādāya apakkā vā avatthukapakkā vā sabbāpi avatthukā ucchuvikati. Taṃ phāṇitaṃ purebhattaṃ paṭiggahitaṃ purebhattaṃ sāmisampi vaṭṭati, pacchābhattato paṭṭhāya sattāhaṃ nirāmisameva vaṭṭati, sattāhātikkame vatthugaṇanāya nissaggiyaṃ. Bahū piṇḍā cuṇṇe katvā ekabhājane pakkhittā honti ghanasannivesā, ekameva nissaggiyaṃ. Uggahitakaṃ vuttanayeneva veditabbaṃ, gharadhūpanādīsu upanetabbaṃ. Purebhattaṃ paṭiggahitena aparissāvitaucchurasena kataphāṇitaṃ sace anupasampannena kataṃ, sāmisampi vaṭṭati, sayaṃkataṃ nirāmisameva vaṭṭati, pacchābhattato paṭṭhāya pana savatthukapaṭiggahitattā anajjhoharaṇīyaṃ, sattāhātikkamepi anāpatti. Pacchābhattaṃ aparissāvitapaṭiggahitena katampi anajjhoharaṇīyameva, sattāhātikkamepi anāpatti. Esa nayo ucchuṃ paṭiggahetvā kataphāṇitepi. Purebhattaṃ pana parissāvitapaṭiggahitena kataṃ sace anupasampannena kataṃ, purebhattaṃ sāmisampi vaṭṭati, pacchābhattato paṭṭhāya sattāhaṃ nirāmisameva. Sayaṃkataṃ purebhattampi nirāmisameva, pacchābhattaṃ parissāvitapaṭiggahitena kataṃ pana nirāmisameva sattāhaṃ vaṭṭati. Uggahitakataṃ vuttanayameva. ‘‘Jhāmaucchuphāṇitaṃ vā koṭṭitaucchuphāṇitaṃ vā purebhattameva vaṭṭatī’’ti mahāaṭṭhakathāyaṃ vuttaṃ. Mahāpaccariyaṃ pana ‘‘etaṃ savatthukapakkaṃ vaṭṭati, no vaṭṭatī’’ti pucchaṃ katvā ‘‘ucchuphāṇitaṃ pacchābhattaṃ no vaṭṭanakaṃ nāma natthī’’ti vuttaṃ, taṃ yuttaṃ. Sītodakena kataṃ madhukapupphaphāṇitaṃ purebhattaṃ sāmisampi vaṭṭati, pacchābhattato paṭṭhāya sattāhaṃ nirāmisameva vaṭṭati, sattāhātikkame vatthugaṇanāya dukkaṭaṃ, khīraṃ pakkhipitvā kataṃ madhukaphāṇitaṃ yāvakālikaṃ. Khaṇḍasakkharaṃ pana khīrajallikaṃ apanetvā sodhenti, tasmā vaṭṭati.
称为蜂蜡者，取自蜂巢顶部或底部，凡所有蜂巢顶部皆为蜂蜡。此蜂蜡如生食、净厨食用皆可流通，餐后保存达七日仍限于非净厨使用，逾时则应舍弃。将许多蜂巢压碎成粉后，单次食用时亦为应舍弃。以上规则皆宜据经论理解，并可用以熏香等用途。若以未净蜂巢或未洁顶部所制蜡，则可作为生食或净厨使用；反之，则非准用，超时亦无过失。此是以蜂巢顶部清洁度为鉴别标准。世尊大注释云：「蜜蜡乃净厨所属，不许流通于餐后。」大护法师问，答曰：「蜂巢顶部之蜂蜡不流通于餐后，属合理。」以冷水浸泡之蜜花装饰物，用于生食或净厨皆可，餐后保存七日限非净厨使用，逾时则难以保存。若投入奶制品浸泡且过滤纯净，则完好保存，故亦流通。
§99
99. Madhukapupphaṃ pana purebhattampi allaṃ vaṭṭati. Bhajjitampi vaṭṭati, bhajjitvā tilādīhi missaṃ vā amissaṃ vā katvā koṭṭitaṃ vaṭṭati. Yadi pana taṃ gahetvā merayatthāya yojenti, yojitaṃ bījato paṭṭhāya na vaṭṭati. Kadalīkhajjūrīambalabujapanasaciñcādīnaṃ sabbesaṃ yāvakālikaphalānaṃ phāṇitaṃ yāvakālikameva. Maricapakkehi phāṇitaṃ karonti, taṃ yāvajīvikaṃ. Evaṃ yathāvuttāni sattāhakālikāni sappiādīni pañca ‘‘anujānāmi, bhikkhave, pañca bhesajjānī’’ti (mahāva. 260) bhesajjanāmena anuññātattā bhesajjakiccaṃ karontu vā mā vā, āhāratthaṃ pharituṃ samatthānipi paṭiggahetvā tadahupurebhattaṃ yathāsukhaṃ, pacchābhattato paṭṭhāya sati paccaye vuttanayena sattāhaṃ paribhuñjitabbāni, sattāhātikkame pana bhesajjasikkhāpadena nissaggiyaṃ pācittiyaṃ. Sacepi sāsapamattaṃ hoti, sakiṃ vā aṅguliyā gahetvā jivhāya sāyanamattaṃ, nissajjitabbameva pācittiyañca desetabbaṃ. Nissaṭṭhaṃ paṭilabhitvā na ajjhoharitabbaṃ, na kāyikena paribhogena paribhuñjitabbaṃ , kāyo vā kāye aru vā na makkhetabbaṃ. Tehi makkhitāni kāsāvakattarayaṭṭhiupāhanapādakaṭhalikamañcapīṭhādīnipi aparibhogāni. ‘‘Dvāravātapānakavāṭesupi hatthena gahaṇaṭṭhānaṃ na makkhetabba’’nti mahāpaccariyaṃ vuttaṃ. ‘‘Kasāve pana pakkhipitvā dvāravātapānakavāṭāni makkhetabbānī’’ti mahāaṭṭhakathāyaṃ vuttaṃ. Padīpe vā kāḷavaṇṇe vā upanetuṃ vaṭṭati. Aññena pana bhikkhunā kāyikena paribhogena paribhuñjitabbaṃ, na ajjhoharitabbaṃ. ‘‘Anāpatti antosattāhaṃ adhiṭṭhetī’’ti (pārā. 625) vacanato pana sattāhabbhantare sappiñca telañca vasañca muddhani telaṃ vā abbhañjanaṃ vā madhuṃ arumakkhanaṃ phāṇitaṃ gharadhūpanaṃ adhiṭṭheti anāpatti, neva nissaggiyaṃ hoti. Sace adhiṭṭhitatelaṃ anadhiṭṭhitatelabhājane ākiritukāmo hoti, bhājane ce sukhumaṃ chiddaṃ, paviṭṭhaṃ paviṭṭhaṃ telaṃ purāṇatelena ajjhottharīyati, puna adhiṭṭhātabbaṃ. Atha mahāmukhaṃ hoti, sahasāva bahu telaṃ pavisitvā purāṇatelaṃ ajjhottharati, puna adhiṭṭhānakiccaṃ natthi. Adhiṭṭhitagatikameva hi taṃ hoti. Etena nayena adhiṭṭhitatelabhājane anadhiṭṭhitatelaākiraṇampi veditabbaṃ.
蜜花亦可作为生食和净厨食品。碎成小块与芝麻等混合成蜜饼或蜂蜜饼皆属可用。若采集后用于缝合、药膏、浸泡等用途，亦属长期有效。香蕉藤树、芒果树、香蕉柄膏等果实的顶部蜜花，仅限于蜜蜂活动期内有效。胡椒藤上的蜜花因医用用途亦可长期使用。照此规则，各十日药物与皮后的清洁蜜类（例如经文《大诃吒经》260节所知）可用作五种治病药品，若有人许可可予运用。食物应予保护，且依规则保存，超过七日须舍弃药学戒律约束之物。若残留适量的蜜，用手指沾少许入口亦不可舍弃，须加以悔过指示。若已取用则不可弃置、亦不可用身体享用，不得用身体触及、粘染。诸此沾染者，诸如痰涎、瘰疬伤口膏药之类，均不可供使用。大护法师曰：「府门、风口、门板等处不应用手抓取。」大注释曰：「可将痂皮涂抹府门、风口处。」可置于棍棒或黑色物体上。其它比库若用身体享用则不可弃置。经文曰：「不得犯戒，长达七日。」故在七日内，如沾有蜜、油、涂膏、蜂蜜、榔榆香料，无犯戒，亦无须舍弃。若涂抹的油膏要与非涂抹者分别食用时，如非细碎裂散、亦未经清洁浸洗，则须再次涂抹，否则便有严重错误。若相反，涂抹的油膏会因大量聚集而压迫旧油，被再次加热，便必须涂抹，否则就犯大过失。此即所谓涂抹法。由此涂抹油膏食用时，亦可知辨非涂抹油膏是否被混入或外加。
Sace pana sattāhātikkantaṃ anupasampannassa pariccajitvā deti, puna tena attano santakaṃ katvā dinnaṃ paribhuñjituṃ vaṭṭati. Sace hi so abhisaṅkharitvā vā anabhisaṅkharitvā vā tassa bhikkhuno natthukammatthaṃ dadeyya, gahetvā natthukammaṃ kātabbaṃ. Sace bālo hoti, dātuṃ na jānāti, aññena bhikkhunā vattabbo ‘‘atthi te sāmaṇera tela’’nti? ‘‘Āma, bhante, atthī’’ti. Āhara therassa bhesajjaṃ karissāmāti. Evampi vaṭṭati. Sace dvinnaṃ santakaṃ ekena paṭiggahitaṃ avibhattaṃ hoti, sattāhātikkame dvinnampi anāpatti, paribhuñjituṃ pana na vaṭṭati. Sace yena paṭiggahitaṃ, so itaraṃ bhaṇati ‘‘āvuso, imaṃ telaṃ sattāhamattaṃ paribhuñjituṃ vaṭṭatī’’ti, so ca paribhogaṃ na karoti, kassa āpatti? Na kassaci. Kasmā? Yena paṭiggahitaṃ, tena vissajjitattā, itarassa appaṭiggahitattā.
如若超过七日，且属于未净且未已舍弃者，弃置后他人亦可取用享用。若该比库已决定赠送且对他人无害者，若接受即不当作恶；若未接受，则不当有此恶。若施主愚昧不知当施者应利益他人，则应由他比库教育而行。若两份分别收存，且未破损，则两份均无错，然不可共同享用。若拥有者对他人言说说「尊者，此油可使用七日」，若该持有者不使用，归于他人则不生过失，何以故？因归属已舍弃者，以他人为非法持者相较，所有权归属于非持有者者。
§100
100. Imesu (mahāva. aṭṭha. 305) pana catūsu kālikesu yāvakālikaṃ yāmakālikanti idameva dvayaṃ antovutthakañceva sannidhikārakañca hoti, sattāhakālikañca yāvajīvikañca akappiyakuṭiyaṃ nikkhipitumpi vaṭṭati, sannidhimpi na janeti. Yāvakālikaṃ pana attanā saddhiṃ sambhinnarasāni tīṇipi yāmakālikādīni attano sabhāvaṃ upaneti. Yāmakālikaṃ dvepi sattāhakālikādīni attano sabhāvaṃ upaneti, sattāhakālikampi attanā saddhiṃ saṃsaṭṭhaṃ yāvajīvikaṃ attano sabhāvaññeva upaneti, tasmā yāvakālikena tadahupaṭiggahitena saddhiṃ saṃsaṭṭhaṃ sambhinnarasaṃ sesakālikattayaṃ tadahupurebhattameva vaṭṭati. Yāmakālikena saṃsaṭṭhaṃ pana itaradvayaṃ tadahupaṭiggahitaṃ yāva aruṇuggamanā vaṭṭati. Sattāhakālikena pana tadahupaṭiggahitena saddhiṃ saṃsaṭṭhaṃ tadahupaṭiggahitaṃ vā purepaṭiggahitaṃ vā yāvajīvikaṃ sattāhaṃ kappati. Dvīhapaṭiggahitena chāhaṃ. Tīhapaṭiggahitena pañcāhaṃ…pe… sattāhapaṭiggahitena tadaheva kappatīti veditabbaṃ. Kālayāmasattāhātikkamesu cettha vikālabhojanasannidhibhesajjasikkhāpadānaṃ vasena āpattiyo veditabbā.
此处说到，在《大部境经》卷八页305讲述的四种时令中，皆有定日与更替日二种，有出入及相互关联。持用七日期与长期有效品均属可流通，且无不法。长期持用者能依自身味觉，适时分辨三大更替时令与自身本性。二者可知为更替时令，且持用七日与长期持用皆依自身本性而定，故持用七日者亦可流通。更替日期由持用者决定，且到日须舍弃。七日间持用者有效能生产，七日止，即时灭失。若七日超期则应判定为误用药物，违规戒律之事亦由此而知。
Sace pana ekato paṭiggahitānipi cattāri kālikāni sambhinnarasāni na honti, tassa tasseva kālassa vasena paribhuñjituṃ vaṭṭanti. Sace hi challimpi anapanetvā sakaleneva nāḷikeraphalena saddhiṃ ambapānādipānakaṃ paṭiggahitaṃ hoti, nāḷikeraṃ apanetvā taṃ vikālepi kappati. Upari sappipiṇḍaṃ ṭhapetvā sītalapāyāsaṃ denti, yaṃ pāyāsena asaṃsaṭṭhaṃ sappi, taṃ apanetvā sattāhaṃ paribhuñjituṃ vaṭṭati. Thaddhamadhuphāṇitādīsupi eseva nayo. Takkolajātiphalādīhi alaṅkaritvā piṇḍapātaṃ denti, tāni uddharitvā dhovitvā yāvajīvaṃ paribhuñjitabbāni. Yāguyaṃ pakkhipitvā dinnasiṅgiverādīsupi telādīsu pakkhipitvā dinnalaṭṭhimadhukādīsupi eseva nayo. Evaṃ yaṃ yaṃ asambhinnarasaṃ hoti, taṃ taṃ ekato paṭiggahitampi yathā suddhaṃ hoti, tathā dhovitvā tacchetvā vā tassa tassa kālassa vasena paribhuñjituṃ vaṭṭati. Sace sambhinnarasaṃ hoti saṃsaṭṭhaṃ, na vaṭṭati.
若合一收受的四时不同食物不具，则当随各自季节的果熟时节而享用。又若六时间若未调匀，而全然以椰子果同水饮等共收持，若不加椰子，晚时亦变质。上面置有饭团，供凉布丁，布丁中未混合乳酪，若不加，须一周内方可食用。生蜂蜜等也是同样方法。用水果种子饰饭食，须采集净洗后毕生食用。殷勤献祭时，献螺、油等，奉献甘露蜜等亦如是。如此，凡不同熟期食物，合一收持时须使纯净，洗净，或干燥，并随各自季节享用。若不同熟期者混合同收，则不可食用。
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