16. Sahaseyyavinicchayakathā · 16. 同宿抉择论
16. Sahaseyyavinicchayakathā十六、同宿判定论
§79
79. Duvidhaṃ sahaseyyakanti ‘‘yo pana bhikkhu anupasampannena uttaridirattatirattaṃ sahaseyyaṃ kappeyya, pācittiyaṃ (pāci. 49). Yo pana bhikkhu mātugāmena sahaseyyaṃ kappeyya, pācittiya’’nti (pāci. 56) evaṃ vuttaṃ sahaseyyasikkhāpadadvayaṃ sandhāya vuttaṃ. Tatrāyaṃ vinicchayo (pāci. aṭṭha. 50-51) – anupasampannena saddhiṃ tiṇṇaṃ rattīnaṃ upari catutthadivase atthaṅgate sūriye sabbacchannasabbaparicchanne yebhuyyacchannayebhuyyaparicchanne vā senāsane pubbāpariyena vā ekakkhaṇe vā nipajjantassa pācittiyaṃ. Tattha chadanaṃ anāhacca diyaḍḍhahatthubbedhena pākārādinā yena kenaci paricchannampi sabbaparicchannamicceva veditabbaṃ. Yaṃ senāsanaṃ upari pañcahi chadanehi aññena vā kenaci sabbameva paricchannaṃ, idaṃ sabbacchannaṃ nāma senāsanaṃ. Aṭṭhakathāsu pana pākaṭavohāraṃ gahetvā vācuggatavasena ‘‘sabbacchannaṃ nāma pañcahi chadanehi channa’’nti vuttaṃ. Kiñcāpi vuttaṃ, atha kho dussakuṭiyaṃ sayantassapi na sakkā anāpatti kātuṃ, tasmā yaṃ kiñci paṭicchādanasamatthaṃ idha chadanañca paricchannañca veditabbaṃ. Pañcavidhacchadaneyeva hi gayhamāne padaracchannepi sahaseyyā na bhaveyya, tasmā yaṃ senāsanaṃ bhūmito paṭṭhāya yāvachadanaṃ āhacca pākārena vā aññena vā kenaci antamaso vatthenapi parikkhittaṃ, idaṃ sabbaparicchannaṃ nāma senāsanaṃ. Chadanaṃ anāhacca sabbantimena pariyāyena diyaḍḍhahatthubbedhena pākārādinā parikkhittampi sabbaparicchannameva. Yassa pana upari bahutaraṃ ṭhānaṃ channaṃ, appaṃ acchannaṃ, samantato vā bahutaraṃ parikkhittaṃ, appaṃ aparikkhittaṃ, idaṃ yebhuyyenachannaṃ yebhuyyenaparicchannaṃ nāma.
79. 关于同睡之事，有二种训诂。谓曰：“若有比库未达正律而连续日夜同睡，犯巴吉帝亚戒（罚过戒）。”又言：“若有比库与妇人同睡，亦犯巴吉帝亚戒。”此二为同睡戒训诂。如是说此同睡戒二例。其判别者如下：未达正律而连续三夜以上，于第四日遇日出之时，若所依之寝处全被覆盖或部分覆盖者，或被遮盖或部分遮盖者，均为同睡，犯巴吉帝亚戒。其所称的遮盖用不透光、长一尺半的围障等障碍物为界，应以此为遮盖。于寝处之上以五种遮盖之一或他物全被遮盖者，为全遮盖之寝处。佛经注疏中明确记载，这五种遮盖称为“全被五种遮盖所遮”。又曰，即便睡于恶屋内亦不得无过，故于此处，各种遮盖与全被遮盖应加以分别。因同睡时必须有五种遮盖之遮挡，即使睡处房屋内各区分割也不得互相穿越。故于地面铺设障碍物等及覆盖之物构筑成围障之一部分时，即为全被之寝处。遮盖以不透光为准，则以长一尺半的围障等障碍物环绕时视为全被遮盖。若于其上多处被遮盖，少处未被遮盖，或周围多处围成，少数未围成者，即为部分遮盖与遮挡。
Iminā lakkhaṇena samannāgato sacepi sattabhūmiko pāsādo ekūpacāro hoti, satagabbhaṃ vā catusālaṃ, ekaṃ senāsanamicceva saṅkhaṃ gacchati. Evarūpe senāsane anupasampannena saddhiṃ catutthadivase atthaṅgate sūriye nipajjantassa pācittiyaṃ vuttaṃ. Sace pana sambahulā sāmaṇerā, eko bhikkhu, sāmaṇeragaṇanāya pācittiyā. Te ce uṭṭhāyuṭṭhāya nipajjanti, tesaṃ payoge payoge bhikkhussa āpatti, bhikkhussa uṭṭhāyuṭṭhāya nipajjane pana bhikkhusseva payogena bhikkhussa āpatti. Sace sambahulā bhikkhū, eko sāmaṇero, ekopi sabbesaṃ āpattiṃ karoti. Tassa uṭṭhāyuṭṭhāya nipajjanenapi bhikkhūnaṃ āpattiyeva. Ubhayesaṃ sambahulabhāvepi eseva nayo.
照此标准，若有七层楼高的楼阁，虽仅有一门出入口，或如百亩田的四座房舍，仅有一处寝具进出孔，则未达正律者合宿于同一寝处，日满四日后遇日出时，则犯巴吉帝亚戒。若有众多沙玛内，一名比库，因沙玛内人数较多而犯巴吉戒。如众多沙玛内起来躺卧，则各次因比库与沙玛内同寝而受戒责，若比库起身后复归同寝，因使用同一寝处而比库受戒。若众多比库，一名沙玛内犯戒，因该沙玛内亦犯众比库之过。以上情况同适用众多者犯戒者与众多者所致。
§80
80. Apicettha ekāvāsādikampi catukkaṃ veditabbaṃ. Yo hi ekasmiṃ āvāse ekeneva anupasampannena saddhiṃ tirattaṃ sahaseyyaṃ kappeti, tassa catutthadivasato paṭṭhāya devasikā āpatti. Yopi ekasmiṃyeva āvāse nānāanupasampannehi saddhiṃ tirattaṃ sahaseyyaṃ kappeti, tassapi. Yopi nānāāvāsesu ekeneva anupasampannena saddhiṃ tirattaṃ sahaseyyaṃ kappeti, tassapi. Yopi nānāāvāsesu nānāanupasampannehi saddhiṃ yojanasatampi gantvā sahaseyyaṃ kappeti, tassapi catutthadivasato paṭṭhāya devasikā āpatti.
80. 此外，还应分别知道单一住所四类情形：一者，一处住所仅有一名未达正律者连续日夜同睡，日满四日后遇日出时犯天戒。二者，一处住所内有多种未达正律者连续日夜同睡，亦同样受戒责。三者，多处住所中一名未达正律者连续日夜同睡，亦同上。四者，多处住所中多种未达正律者，共同行进一里许仍同睡者，日满四日后遇日出时，则犯天戒。
Ayañca sahaseyyāpatti nāma ‘‘bhikkhuṃ ṭhapetvā avaseso anupasampanno nāmā’’ti vacanato antamaso pārājikavatthubhūtena tiracchānagatenapi saddhiṃ hoti, tasmā sacepi godhābiḷālamaṅgusādīsu koci pavisitvā bhikkhuno vasanasenāsane ekūpacāraṭṭhāne sayati, sahaseyyāva hoti. Yadi pana thambhānaṃ upari katapāsādassa uparimatalena saddhiṃ asambaddhabhittikassa bhittiyā upariṭhitasusiratulāsīsassa susirena pavisitvā tulāya abbhantare sayitvā teneva susirena nikkhamitvā gacchati, heṭṭhāpāsāde sayitabhikkhussa anāpatti. Sace chadane chiddaṃ hoti, tena pavisitvā antochadane vasitvā teneva pakkamati, nānūpacāre uparimatale chadanabbhantare sayitassa āpatti, heṭṭhimatale sayitassa anāpatti. Sace antopāsādeneva ārohitvā sabbatalāni paribhuñjanti, ekūpacārāni honti, tesu yattha katthaci sayitassa āpatti, sabhāsaṅkhepena kate aḍḍhakuṭṭake senāsane sayitassa tulāvāḷasaghāṭādīsu kapotādayo sayanti, āpattiyeva. Parikkhepassa bahigate nibbakosabbhantare sayanti, anāpatti. Parimaṇḍalaṃ vā caturassaṃ vā ekacchadanāya gabbhamālāya satagabbhaṃ cepi senāsanaṃ hoti, tatra ce ekena sādhāraṇadvārena pavisitvā visuṃ pākārena aparicchinnagabbhūpacāre sabbagabbhepi pavisanti, ekagabbhepi anupasampanne nipanne sabbagabbhesu nipannānaṃ āpatti. Sace sapamukhā gabbhā honti, pamukhañca upari acchannaṃ, pamukhe sayito gabbhe sayitānaṃ āpattiṃ na karoti. Sace pana gabbhacchadaneneva saddhiṃ sambandhachadanaṃ, tatra sayito sabbesaṃ āpattiṃ karoti. Kasmā? Sabbacchannattā ca sabbaparicchannattā ca. Gabbhaparikkhepoyeva hissa parikkhepo.
此所谓同睡罪，谓“置比库于住所，其余皆未达正律者为名”，虽因屋顶侧斜屋瓦等空间不平，亦视同一处住所。故若有毒蛇毒蟒等入屋内，比库同其余未达比库同处一寝，亦为同睡罪。若登上梁上或屋顶之藁草芦苇处同睡，以未直接相连且隔通风的屋梁相隔，上下卧具不同，临近屋顶上者无戒责。若屋顶覆盖被破，进入内顶处卧，以及于屋内上层用柴草构筑空间睡绳索处，犯犯同睡戒责。若登屋顶诸处均可任意出入的地方，则视为一处住所，若比库同寝则犯戒。若寝处置有鸽等禽类居住，非犯戒。若有多座围墙以堆积葺于置物圈等封闭区域保护起房舍，视为住所。若一门房舍通入，所含物品完整，坐卧同处则犯同睡戒。若多门房舍以假门阻隔，构构不实，出入畅通，称非多住所。若门闭合置栓则无戒责，门若被人为拆除通达，以致成为副门，房舍仍归为一住所。若房舍极其狭长如长脸庙，内含二门为内门和外门，门间隔有未达正律者卧处，则犯同睡戒责。
§81
81. Yepi ekasāladvisālatisālacatusālasannivesā mahāpāsādā ekasmiṃ okāse pāde dhovitvā paviṭṭhena sakkā honti sabbattha anuparigantuṃ, tesupi sahaseyyāpattiyā na muccati. Sace tasmiṃ tasmiṃ ṭhāne upacāraṃ paricchinditvā katā honti, ekūpacāraṭṭhāneyeva āpatti. Dvīhi dvārehi yuttassa sudhāchadanamaṇḍapassa majjhe pākāraṃ karonti, ekena dvārena pavisitvā ekasmiṃ paricchede anupasampanno sayati, ekasmiṃ bhikkhu, anāpatti. Pākāre godhādīnaṃ pavisanamattaṃ chiddaṃ hoti, ekasmiñca paricchede godhā sayanti, anāpattiyeva. Na hi chiddena gehaṃ ekūpacāraṃ nāma hoti. Sace pākāramajjhe chinditvā dvāraṃ yojenti, ekūpacāratāya āpatti. Taṃ dvāraṃ kavāṭena pidahitvā sayanti, āpattiyeva. Na hi dvārapidahanena gehaṃ nānūpacāraṃ nāma hoti, dvāraṃ vā advāraṃ. Kavāṭañhi saṃvaraṇavivaraṇehi yathāsukhaṃ vaḷañjanatthāya kataṃ, na vaḷañjupacchedanatthāya. Sace taṃ dvāraṃ puna iṭṭhakāhi pidahanti, advāraṃ hoti, purime nānūpacārabhāveyeva tiṭṭhati. Dīghapamukhaṃ cetiyagharaṃ hoti, ekaṃ kavāṭaṃ anto, ekaṃ bahi, dvinnaṃ kavāṭānaṃ antare anupasampanno antocetiyaghare sayantassa āpattiṃ karoti ekūpacārattā.
简言之，无论寝处大小或多处，彼处皆为同睡罪处。这里因各种遮盖情况而有八种不同巴吉戒罪，分别针对部分遮盖、全被遮盖及其他细节分为八类戒责。部分遮盖与全被遮盖中有不同轻重戒责五种。常见全被遮盖、部分遮盖、彼此交错遮盖等情形，均视为无戒责。若比库与妇人同卧，则于初日即算戒责。视为不净之地、形状丑陋、且存在奸淫关系者者为恶，余则无过戒。
Ayañhettha saṅkhepo – senāsanaṃ khuddakaṃ vā hotu mahantaṃ vā, aññena saddhiṃ sambandhaṃ vā asambandhaṃ vā, dīghaṃ vā vaṭṭaṃ vā caturassaṃ vā, ekabhūmikaṃ vā anekabhūmikaṃ vā, yaṃ yaṃ ekūpacāraṃ, sabbattha sahaseyyāpatti hotīti. Ettha ca yena kenaci paṭicchadanena sabbacchanne sabbaparicchanne pācittiyaṃ, yebhuyyenachanne yebhuyyenaparicchanne pācittiyaṃ, sabbacchanne yebhuyyenaparicchanne pācittiyaṃ, sabbacchanne upaḍḍhaparicchanne pācittiyaṃ, yebhuyyenachanne upaḍḍhaparicchanne pācittiyaṃ, sabbaparicchanne yebhuyyenachanne pācittiyaṃ, sabbaparicchanne upaḍḍhacchanne pācittiyaṃ, yebhuyyenaparicchanne upaḍḍhacchanne pācittiyanti aṭṭha pācittiyāni. Upaḍḍhacchanne upaḍḍhaparicchanne dukkaṭaṃ, sabbacchanne cūḷakaparicchanne dukkaṭaṃ, yebhuyyenachanne cūḷakaparicchanne dukkaṭaṃ, sabbaparicchanne cūḷakacchanne dukkaṭaṃ, yebhuyyenaparicchanne cūḷakacchanne dukkaṭanti pañca dukkaṭāni veditabbāni. Sabbacchanne sabbaaparicchanne, sabbaparicchanne sabbaacchanne, yebhuyyenaacchanne yebhuyyenaaparicchanne, upaḍḍhacchanne cūḷakaparicchanne, upaḍḍhaparicchanne cūḷakacchanne cūḷakaparicchanne ca anāpatti. Mātugāmena saha nipajjantassapi ayameva vinicchayo. Ayañhettha viseso – anupasampannena saddhiṃ nipajjantassa catutthadivase āpatti, mātugāmena saddhiṃ paṭhamadivaseti. Yakkhipetīhi pana dissamānakarūpāhi tiracchānagatitthiyā ca methunadhammavatthubhūtāya eva dukkaṭaṃ, sesāhi anāpatti.
综上，无论寝处大小，有无关联，长短形状，一处或多处住所，凡含一处同睡场所，普遍有同睡巴吉戒责。因遮盖不同适用八种巴吉戒，其中包含部分遮盖、全被遮盖及其重轻区别，且区分各种遮盖组合及罪责轻重五种。全被遮盖中较重，部分遮盖中较轻。初日与妇人共眠即为戒责。因观察到形相丑陋及不洁处境及邪淫关系，则归于恶戒责，其他则无戒责。
Iti pāḷimuttakavinayavinicchayasaṅgahe · 如是，在《圣典原文以外之律判定摄集》中
Sahaseyyavinicchayakathā samattā. · 同宿判定论终了。