14. Pathavīkhaṇanavinicchayakathā · 14. 掘地抉择论
14. Pathavīkhaṇanavinicchayakathā14. 掘地决疑论
§72
72.Pathavīti dve pathavī jātā ca pathavī ajātā ca pathavīti. Tattha jātā nāma pathavī suddhapaṃsukā suddhamattikā appapāsāṇā appasakkharā appakaṭhalā appamarumbā appavālukā yebhuyyenapaṃsukā yebhuyyenamattikā, adaḍḍhāpi vuccati ‘‘jātā pathavī’’ti. Yopi paṃsupuñjo vā mattikāpuñjo vā atirekacātumāsaṃ ovaṭṭho, sopi vuccati ‘‘jātā pathavī’’ti. Ajātā nāma pathavī suddhapāsāṇā suddhasakkharā suddhakaṭhalā suddhamarumbā suddhavālukā appapaṃsukā appamattikā yebhuyyenapāsāṇā yebhuyyenasakkharā yebhuyyenakaṭhalā yebhuyyenamarumbā yebhuyyenavālukā, daḍḍhāpi vuccati ‘‘ajātā pathavī’’ti. Yopi paṃsupuñjo vā mattikāpuñjo vā omakacātumāsaṃ ovaṭṭho, sopi vuccati ‘‘ajātā pathavī’’ti (pāci. 84-86).
第七十二条。所谓地，即包括产出的地和未产出的地。所谓产出地，是指纯净的尘埃、纯净的粘土、少量的石块、少量的沙粒、少量的砾石、少量的矿泥、少量的细沙等尘埃类、粘土类，即使超过一定数量，也称为“产出地”。另外，堆积成堆的尘埃或粘土，如果聚集超过四个月，也称为“产出地”。所谓未产出地，是指纯净的石块、纯净的沙粒、纯净的砾石、纯净的矿泥、纯净的细沙、极少量的尘埃、极少量的粘土、少量的石块、少量的沙粒、少量的砾石、少量的矿泥、少量的细沙，即使超过一定数量，也称为“未产出地”。同样，堆积成堆的尘埃或粘土，如果少于四个月积聚，也称为“未产出地”。（《巴吉帝亚》第八十四至八十六页）
Tattha jātapathaviṃ khaṇantassa khaṇāpentassa vā pācittiyaṃ. Tatrāyaṃ vinicchayo (pāci. aṭṭha. 86) – sace sayaṃ khaṇati, pahāre pahāre pācittiyaṃ. Sace aññaṃ āṇāpeti, sakiṃ āṇatto sacepi sakaladivasaṃ khaṇati, āṇāpakassa ekameva pācittiyaṃ. Sace pana kusīto hoti, punappunaṃ āṇāpetabbo, taṃ āṇāpetvā khaṇāpentassa vācāya vācāya pācittiyaṃ. Sace ‘‘pokkharaṇiṃ khaṇāhī’’ti vadati, vaṭṭati. Khatāyeva hi pokkharaṇī nāma hoti. Tasmā ayaṃ kappiyavohāro. Esa nayo ‘‘vāpiṃ taḷākaṃ āvāṭaṃ khaṇā’’tiādīsupi. ‘‘Imaṃ okāsaṃ khaṇa, imasmiṃ okāse pokkharaṇiṃ khaṇā’’ti vattuṃ pana na vaṭṭati. ‘‘Kandaṃ khaṇa, mūlaṃ khaṇā’’ti aniyametvā vattuṃ vaṭṭati, ‘‘imaṃ valliṃ khaṇa, imasmiṃ okāse kandaṃ vā mūlaṃ vā khaṇā’’ti vattuṃ na vaṭṭati.
其中，对于挖产出的地或未产出的地，有戒律责任。此处审判规定（《巴吉帝亚·八十六》）：如果自己挖掘，每次挖掘就犯戒。如挖给别人，若自己已挖掘且整个一天都在挖掘，挖给他人仅犯一次戒。如果精神不宁，须反复告戒，告戒后继续挖掘仍犯戒。如果有人说“挖池塘”，该行为成立。池塘确实是“坑穴”。所以此为许可的用法。禁止有的说“挖河流”、“挖湖泊”等，此类不成立。说“挖块根、挖根茎”等不确定之物则可用，但“挖藤蔓、挖块根或根茎”则不成立。
§73
73. Pokkharaṇiṃ sodhentehi yo kuṭehi ussiñcituṃ sakkā hoti tanukakaddamo, taṃ apanetuṃ vaṭṭati, bahalo na vaṭṭati. Ātapena sukkhakaddamo phalati, tatra yo heṭṭhā pathaviyā asambandho, tameva apanetuṃ vaṭṭati. Udakena gataṭṭhāne udakapappaṭako nāma hoti, vātapahārena calati, taṃ apanetuṃ vaṭṭati. Pokkharaṇīādīnaṃ taṭaṃ bhijjitvā udakasāmantā patati. Sace omakacātumāsaṃ ovaṭṭhaṃ, chindituṃ bhindituṃ vā vaṭṭati, cātumāsato uddhaṃ na vaṭṭati. Sace pana udakeyeva patati, devena atirekacātumāsaṃ ovaṭṭhepi udakeyeva udakassa patitattā vaṭṭati.
第七十三条。对于清除池塘所挖的土堆，允许用细长耙子耙除，不可用大铲铲除。用耙子轻柔耙除可行，因为耙头下部不直接接触土壤也可以耙除。水流经过的地方，称为水槽，用风吹也能移动土壤，故允许耙除。池塘边沿浸水处土壤掉落随水流流动。若池塘堆积超过四个月，允许切断破碎，不得不许四个月以上的积聚。若掉入水中，且超过四个月，土壤落水后仍然允许该行为。
Pāsāṇapiṭṭhiyaṃ soṇḍiṃ khaṇanti, sace tattha paṭhamameva sukhumarajaṃ patati, taṃ devena ovaṭṭhaṃ hoti, cātumāsaccayena akappiyapathavīsaṅkhyaṃ gacchati. Udake pariyādinne soṇḍiṃ sodhentehi vikopetuṃ na vaṭṭati. Sace paṭhamameva udakena pūrati, pacchā rajaṃ patati, taṃ vikopetuṃ vaṭṭati. Tattha hi deve vassantepi udakeyeva udakaṃ patati. Piṭṭhipāsāṇe sukhumarajaṃ hoti, deve phusāyante allīyati, tampi cātumāsaccayena vikopetuṃ na vaṭṭati. Akatapabbhāre vammiko uṭṭhito hoti, yathāsukhaṃ vikopetuṃ vaṭṭati. Sace abbhokāse uṭṭhahati, omakacātumāsaṃ ovaṭṭhoyeva vaṭṭati. Rukkhādīsu āruḷhaupacikamattikāyampi eseva nayo. Gaṇḍuppādagūthamūsikukkaragokaṇṭakādīsupi eseva nayo. Gokaṇṭako nāma gāvīnaṃ khuracchinnakaddamo vuccati. Sace pana heṭṭhimatalena bhūmisambandho hoti, ekadivasampi na vaṭṭati. Kasitaṭṭhāne naṅgalacchinnamattikāpiṇḍaṃ gaṇhantassa eseva nayo.
石块区挖掘剥离土层时，若第一层掉落细沙，该细沙为天神所有，积累则不宜摧毁。水边刨除土层时，若第一层先被水充满，随即掉落沙土，则可摧毁。天神雨季时也在水边洒水。石块沙土中含细沙为天神驻处，天神所试探则不可摧毁。若天神筑巢蛰伏得以安乐，则可摧毁。若在地下筑巢，且堆积超过四个月，则该积聚为产出地，能将砂土用手掩盖收受。若为砖瓦工地，聚集于屋瓦下，允许摧毁。若为地面关系，哪怕一天不行也不妨碍。荒地中的坚硬干土堆，被取用者主张同理。
Purāṇasenāsanaṃ hoti acchadanaṃ vā vinaṭṭhacchadanaṃ vā atirekacātumāsaṃ ovaṭṭhaṃ jātapathavīsaṅkhyameva gacchati, tato avasesaṃ chadaniṭṭhakaṃ vā gopānasīādikaṃ upakaraṇaṃ vā ‘‘iṭṭhakaṃ gaṇhāmi, gopānasiṃ bhittipādaṃ padarattharaṇaṃ pāsādatthambhaṃ gaṇhāmī’’ti saññāya gaṇhituṃ vaṭṭati, tena saddhiṃ mattikā patati, anāpatti, bhittimattikaṃ gaṇhantassa pana āpatti. Sace yā yā atintā, taṃ taṃ gaṇhāti, anāpatti. Antogehe mattikāpuñjo hoti, tasmiṃ ekadivasaṃ ovaṭṭhe gehaṃ chādenti. Sace sabbo tinto, cātumāsaccayena jātapathavīyeva. Athassa uparibhāgoyeva tinto, anto atinto, yattakaṃ tintaṃ, taṃ kappiyakārakehi kappiyavohārena apanāmetvā sesaṃ yathāsukhaṃ vaḷañjetuṃ vaṭṭati udakena temitattā. Ekābaddhāyeva hi jātapathavī hoti, na itarāti. Abbhokāse mattikāpākāro hoti, atirekacātumāsaṃ ovaṭṭho jātapathavīsaṅkhyaṃ gacchati, tattha laggapaṃsuṃ pana allahatthena chupitvā gahetuṃ vaṭṭati. Sace iṭṭhakapākāro hoti, yebhuyyenakaṭhalaṭṭhāne tiṭṭhati, yathāsukhaṃ vikopetuṃ vaṭṭati. Abbhokāse ṭhitamaṇḍapatthambhaṃ ito cito ca sañcāletvā pathaviṃ vikopentena gahetuṃ na vaṭṭati, ujukameva uddharituṃ vaṭṭati. Aññampi sukkharukkhaṃ sukkhakhāṇukaṃ vā gaṇhantassa eseva nayo.
以前旧营地有房顶或无房顶，积聚超过四个月即为产出地，除非存有全部屋顶或防护用器具，例如砖块、宅基等，可以按照“我持有此砖块、宅基、墙壁柱子”等声明持有，则允许收受该聚积物，不犯戒。持有后剩余黏土亦无罪，但持有房墙粘土即犯戒。如果超出范围，则取用相应部分，亦无罪。屋内有黏土堆，一天内可视为屋盖。若屋顶完全破坏，四个月积聚属于产出地。积聚集中于屋顶上方，顶部破损后收受时可自由达到剩余层次，随水流流动。产出地产生黏土堆超过四个月，用手掩盖湿泥可以收受。若为砖坯工厂，积聚于屋瓦下，允许摧毁。地下立柱和周围柱子移动建筑时，不允许收受土壤，只可用力抬起。其他如轻细碎片亦视同理。
§74
74. Navakammatthaṃ thambhaṃ vā pāsāṇaṃ vā rukkhaṃ vā daṇḍakehi uccāletvā pavaṭṭentā gacchanti , tattha jātapathavī bhijjati, sace suddhacittā pavaṭṭenti, anāpatti. Atha pana tena apadesena pathaviṃ bhinditukāmāyeva honti, āpatti. Sākhādīni kaḍḍhantānampi pathaviyaṃ dārūni phālentānampi eseva nayo. Pathaviyaṃ aṭṭhisūcikaṇṭakādīsupi yaṃ kiñci ākoṭetuṃ vā pavesetuṃ vā na vaṭṭati, ‘‘passāvadhārāya vegena pathaviṃ bhindissāmī’’ti evaṃ passāvampi kātuṃ na vaṭṭati. Karontassa bhijjati, āpatti, ‘‘visamabhūmiṃ samaṃ karissāmī’’ti sammajjaniyā ghaṃsitumpi na vaṭṭati. Vattasīseneva hi sammajjitabbaṃ. Keci kattarayaṭṭhiyā bhūmiṃ koṭṭenti, pādaṅguṭṭhakena vilikhanti, ‘‘caṅkamitaṭṭhānaṃ dassessāmā’’ti punappunaṃ bhūmiṃ bhindantā caṅkamanti, sabbaṃ na vaṭṭati, vīriyasampaggahatthaṃ pana samaṇadhammaṃ karontena suddhacittena caṅkamituṃ vaṭṭati. ‘‘Hatthaṃ khovissāmā’’ti pathaviyaṃ ghaṃsanti, na vaṭṭati, aghaṃsantena pana allahatthaṃ pathaviyaṃ ṭhapetvā rajaṃ gahetuṃ vaṭṭati.
第七十四条。敲击或用杖棒、木棍等工具撬断树木时，若产出地泥土被破坏，心纯正者敲击不犯戒。但若因该行为产生破坏故意，则犯戒。枝条、刺等也视同破坏地面。对于地面有钉子、铁针等物，禁止切割、进入。说“将迅速砍断泥土”是禁止行为，也不可实施切割。地面有规划线的地方，若破坏需要恢复，允许整平。有人挖掘土地，用脚指踩压写字，意为“此地踏迹将显现”，反复破坏地面，均为违犯。不允许。奋发努力保持正确行止者，踏行允许。有说“我将损失手”掘地者，不得允许，若用手插入保护土壤则可取走泥土。地下柱石被反复移动，不允许破坏地面，但可以用力拔起。其他细微干尘碎屑的收受者，亦同此规定。
Keci kaṇḍukacchuādīhi ābādhikā chinnataṭādīsu aṅgapaccaṅgāni ghaṃsanti, na vaṭṭati. Jātapathaviṃ dahati vā dahāpeti vā, pācittiyaṃ, antamaso pattampi pacanto yattakesu ṭhānesu aggiṃ deti vā dāpeti vā, tattakāni pācittiyāni, tasmā pattaṃ pacantenapi pubbe pakkaṭṭhāneyeva pacitabbo. Adaḍḍhāya pathaviyā aggiṃ ṭhapetuṃ na vaṭṭati, pattapacanakapālassa pana upari aggiṃ ṭhapetuṃ vaṭṭati. Dārūnaṃ upari ṭhapeti, so aggi tāni dahanto gantvā pathaviṃ dahati, na vaṭṭati. Iṭṭhakakapālādīsupi eseva nayo. Tatrāpi hi iṭṭhakādīnaṃyeva upari ṭhapetuṃ vaṭṭati. Kasmā? Tesaṃ anupādānattā. Na hi tāni aggissa upādānasaṅkhyaṃ gacchanti, sukkhakhāṇusukkharukkhādīsupi aggiṃ dātuṃ na vaṭṭati. Sace pana ‘‘pathaviṃ appattameva nibbāpetvā gamissāmī’’ti deti, vaṭṭati. Pacchā nibbāpetuṃ na sakkoti, avisayattā anāpatti. Tiṇukkaṃ gahetvā gacchanto hatthe ḍayhamāne bhūmiyaṃ pāteti, anāpatti. Patitaṭṭhāneyeva upādānaṃ datvā aggiṃ kātuṃ vaṭṭati. Daḍḍhapathaviyā ca yattakaṃ ṭhānaṃ usumāya anugataṃ, sabbaṃ vikopetuṃ vaṭṭati.
有些人因被小石子或荆棘等割伤，在刺伤处发生肿痛，即使伤口见血，却不会造成损毁。若有人放火烧地，或自己放火，即使是犯戒行为，地上的干草甚至烧着了芽苞并放出火焰，也属于犯戒。因而，即使烧干草，也应从先前已烧过的地点开始着火。未烧过的土地不应放火，但是在烧干草的灰烬上可以放火。若在木板上放火，则火会沿着木板烧过后去而烧着土地，属于犯戒。这与木制板块上放火的情况相同，其中火能够放于木板之上，为什么呢？因为这些物质不具有粘着性，它们不属于火的附着体，因此干枯的木材或树枝不能被火点着。若有人说「我仅在土地未着火处放火」就可以，那是可以的。但是之后他不能再次放火，这没有过失。若一个人携带干草一边行走一边燃烧，火星落在地上，也不构成过失。只要将火放于已落地处，放火即是可许的。烧过的土地冬季发烫，只要有热气随之，均可全部燃烧起来。
Yo pana ajānanako bhikkhu araṇisahitena aggiṃ nibbattetvā hatthena ukkhipitvā ‘‘kiṃ karomī’’ti vadati, ‘‘jālehī’’ti vattabbo. ‘‘Hattho ḍayhatī’’ti vadati, ‘‘yathā na ḍayhati, tathā karohī’’ti vattabbo. ‘‘Bhūmiyaṃ pātehī’’ti pana na vattabbo. Sace hatthe ḍayhamāne pāteti, ‘‘pathaviṃ dahissāmī’’ti apātitattā anāpatti, patitaṭṭhāne pana aggiṃ kātuṃ vaṭṭati. ‘‘Imassa thambhassa āvāṭaṃ jāna, mahāmattikaṃ jāna, thusamattikaṃ jāna, mahāmattikaṃ dehi, thusamattikaṃ dehi, mattikaṃ āhara, paṃsuṃ āhara, mattikāya attho, paṃsunā attho , imassa thambhassa āvāṭaṃ kappiyaṃ karohi, imaṃ mattikaṃ kappiyaṃ karohi, imaṃ paṃsuṃ kappiyaṃ karohī’’ti evaṃ kappiyavohārena yaṃ kiñci kārāpetuṃ vaṭṭati. Aññavihito kenaci saddhiṃ kiñci kathento pādaṅguṭṭhakena kattarayaṭṭhiyā vā pathaviṃ vilikhanto tiṭṭhati, evaṃ asatiyā vilikhantassa bhindantassa vā anāpatti.
若有无知的比库，在旷野中放火燃烧，然后用手将其扑灭，说「我该怎么办？」应被劝告他是「玩火者」。若他说「手会烧伤」，应劝他采取「如不被烧伤而行」的方法。不能劝他说「火星会落在地上」。若火星落在手上，自然放弃放火资格，但若火星落在地上，就可以放火。应了解此柱有粘土覆盖，且有粗细不同种类的粘土，各种粘土均可取用，粘土有其用途，沙土也可用，故此柱粘土部分应合理利用，粘土和沙土都可合理使用。用这合理原则做任何事情都是允许的。若其他人在一起谈论，用手指或指甲在地上写字或立足站着，如此不真实的写字或戳破写字都不构成过失。
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Pathavīkhaṇanavinicchayakathā samattā. · 掘地决疑论已毕。