Upālipañcakaṃ伍巴离五法
Upālipañcakaṃ伍巴离五法
1. Anissitavaggo1. 不依止品
§417
Tena samayena buddho bhagavā sāvatthiyaṃ viharati jetavane anāthapiṇḍikassa ārāme. Atha kho āyasmā upāli yena bhagavā tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā bhagavantaṃ abhivādetvā ekamantaṃ nisīdi. Ekamantaṃ nisinno kho āyasmā upāli bhagavantaṃ etadavoca – ‘‘katihi nu kho, bhante, aṅgehi samannāgatena bhikkhunā yāvajīvaṃ nānissitena vatthabba’’nti?
其时,佛陀世尊住在沙瓦提城揭德林阿那他宾地咖的园林。尔时,具寿伍巴离前往世尊所在之处;抵达后,礼敬世尊,在一旁坐下。在一旁坐下的具寿伍巴离对世尊如此说道——「尊者,具足多少支的比库应终生不离依止而住?」
‘‘Pañcahupāli, aṅgehi samannāgatena bhikkhunā yāvajīvaṃ nānissitena vatthabbaṃ. Katamehi pañcahi? Uposathaṃ na jānāti, uposathakammaṃ na jānāti, pātimokkhaṃ na jānāti, pātimokkhuddesaṃ na jānāti, ūnapañcavasso hoti – imehi kho, upāli, pañcahaṅgehi samannāgatena bhikkhunā yāvajīvaṃ nānissitena vatthabbaṃ. Pañcahupāli, aṅgehi samannāgatena bhikkhunā yāvajīvaṃ anissitena vatthabbaṃ. Katamehi pañcahi? Uposathaṃ jānāti, uposathakammaṃ jānāti, pātimokkhaṃ jānāti, pātimokkhuddesaṃ jānāti, pañcavasso vā hoti atirekapañcavasso vā – imehi kho, upāli, pañcahaṅgehi samannāgatena bhikkhunā yāvajīvaṃ anissitena vatthabbaṃ.
「伍巴离,具足五支的比库应终生不离依止而住。哪五支?不知伍波萨他,不知伍波萨他甘马,不知巴帝摩卡,不知巴帝摩卡诵,未满五瓦萨——伍巴离,具足这五支的比库应终生不离依止而住。伍巴离,具足五支的比库应终生离依止而住。哪五支?知伍波萨他,知伍波萨他甘马,知巴帝摩卡,知巴帝摩卡诵,五瓦萨或超过五瓦萨——伍巴离,具足这五支的比库应终生离依止而住。」
‘‘Aparehipi, upāli, pañcahaṅgehi samannāgatena bhikkhunā yāvajīvaṃ nānissitena vatthabbaṃ. Katamehi pañcahi? Pavāraṇaṃ na jānāti, pavāraṇākammaṃ na jānāti, pātimokkhaṃ na jānāti, pātimokkhuddesaṃ na jānāti, ūnapañcavasso hoti – imehi kho, upāli, pañcahaṅgehi samannāgatena bhikkhunā yāvajīvaṃ nānissitena vatthabbaṃ. Pañcahupāli, aṅgehi samannāgatena bhikkhunā yāvajīvaṃ anissitena vatthabbaṃ. Katamehi pañcahi? Pavāraṇaṃ jānāti , pavāraṇākammaṃ jānāti, pātimokkhaṃ jānāti, pātimokkhuddesaṃ jānāti, pañcavasso vā hoti atirekapañcavasso vā – imehi kho, upāli, pañcahaṅgehi samannāgatena bhikkhunā yāvajīvaṃ anissitena vatthabbaṃ.
「伍巴离,又具足另外五支的比库应终生不离依止而住。哪五支?不知自恣,不知自恣甘马,不知巴帝摩卡,不知巴帝摩卡诵,未满五瓦萨——伍巴离,具足这五支的比库应终生不离依止而住。伍巴离,具足五支的比库应终生离依止而住。哪五支?知自恣,知自恣甘马,知巴帝摩卡,知巴帝摩卡诵,五瓦萨或超过五瓦萨——伍巴离,具足这五支的比库应终生离依止而住。」
‘‘Aparehipi, upāli, pañcahaṅgehi samannāgatena bhikkhunā yāvajīvaṃ nānissitena vatthabbaṃ. Katamehi pañcahi? Āpattānāpattiṃ na jānāti, lahukagarukaṃ āpattiṃ na jānāti, sāvasesānavasesaṃ āpattiṃ na jānāti, duṭṭhullāduṭṭhullaṃ āpattiṃ na jānāti, ūnapañcavasso hoti – imehi kho, upāli, pañcahaṅgehi samannāgatena bhikkhunā yāvajīvaṃ nānissitena vatthabbaṃ. Pañcahupāli, aṅgehi samannāgatena bhikkhunā yāvajīvaṃ anissitena vatthabbaṃ. Katamehi pañcahi? Āpattānāpattiṃ jānāti, lahukagarukaṃ āpattiṃ jānāti, sāvasesānavasesaṃ āpattiṃ jānāti, duṭṭhullāduṭṭhullaṃ āpattiṃ jānāti, pañcavasso vā hoti atirekapañcavasso vā – imehi kho, upāli, pañcahaṅgehi samannāgatena bhikkhunā yāvajīvaṃ anissitena vatthabbaṃ’’.
「伍巴离,又具足另外五支的比库应终生不离依止而住。哪五支?不知罪与非罪,不知轻罪与重罪,不知有余罪与无余罪,不知粗重罪与非粗重罪,未满五瓦萨——伍巴离,具足这五支的比库应终生不离依止而住。伍巴离,具足五支的比库应终生离依止而住。哪五支?知罪与非罪,知轻罪与重罪,知有余罪与无余罪,知粗重罪与非粗重罪,五瓦萨或超过五瓦萨——伍巴离,具足这五支的比库应终生离依止而住。」
§418
‘‘Katihi nu kho, bhante, aṅgehi samannāgatena bhikkhunā na upasampādetabbaṃ, na nissayo dātabbo, na sāmaṇero upaṭṭhāpetabbo’’ti?
「尊者,具足多少支的比库不应授达上,不应给予依止,不应令沙玛内拉须跋?」
‘‘Pañcahupāli, aṅgehi samannāgatena bhikkhunā na upasampādetabbaṃ, na nissayo dātabbo, na sāmaṇero upaṭṭhāpetabbo. Katamehi pañcahi? Na paṭibalo hoti antevāsiṃ vā saddhivihāriṃ vā gilānaṃ upaṭṭhātuṃ vā upaṭṭhāpetuṃ vā, anabhirataṃ vūpakāsetuṃ vā vūpakāsāpetuṃ vā, uppannaṃ kukkuccaṃ dhammato vinodetuṃ , abhidhamme vinetuṃ, abhivinaye vinetuṃ – imehi kho, upāli, pañcahaṅgehi samannāgatena bhikkhunā na upasampādetabbaṃ, na nissayo dātabbo, na sāmaṇero upaṭṭhāpetabbo. Pañcahupāli, aṅgehi samannāgatena bhikkhunā upasampādetabbaṃ, nissayo dātabbo, sāmaṇero upaṭṭhāpetabbo. Katamehi pañcahi? Paṭibalo hoti antevāsiṃ vā saddhivihāriṃ vā gilānaṃ upaṭṭhātuṃ vā upaṭṭhāpetuṃ vā, anabhirataṃ vūpakāsetuṃ vā vūpakāsāpetuṃ vā, uppannaṃ kukkuccaṃ dhammato vinodetuṃ, abhidhamme vinetuṃ, abhivinaye vinetuṃ – imehi kho, upāli, pañcahaṅgehi samannāgatena bhikkhunā upasampādetabbaṃ, nissayo dātabbo, sāmaṇero upaṭṭhāpetabbo.
「伍巴离,具足五支的比库不应授达上,不应给予依止,不应令沙玛内拉须跋。哪五支?无能力看护或令人看护生病的弟子或共住弟子,无能力劝离或令人劝离不乐者,无能力如法遣除已生起的追悔,无能力教导阿毗达摩,无能力教导阿毗毗奈耶——伍巴离,具足这五支的比库不应授达上,不应给予依止,不应令沙玛内拉须跋。伍巴离,具足五支的比库应授达上,应给予依止,应令沙玛内拉须跋。哪五支?有能力看护或令人看护生病的弟子或共住弟子,有能力劝离或令人劝离不乐者,有能力如法遣除已生起的追悔,有能力教导阿毗达摩,有能力教导阿毗毗奈耶——伍巴离,具足这五支的比库应授达上,应给予依止,应令沙玛内拉须跋。」
‘‘Aparehipi, upāli, pañcahaṅgehi samannāgatena bhikkhunā na upasampādetabbaṃ, na nissayo dātabbo, na sāmaṇero upaṭṭhāpetabbo. Katamehi pañcahi ? Na paṭibalo hoti antevāsiṃ vā saddhivihāriṃ vā abhisamācārikāya sikkhāya sikkhāpetuṃ, ādibrahmacāriyakāya sikkhāya vinetuṃ, adhisīle vinetuṃ, adhicitte vinetuṃ, adhipaññāya vinetuṃ – imehi kho, upāli, pañcahaṅgehi samannāgatena bhikkhunā na upasampādetabbaṃ, na nissayo dātabbo, na sāmaṇero upaṭṭhāpetabbo. Pañcahupāli, aṅgehi samannāgatena bhikkhunā upasampādetabbaṃ, nissayo dātabbo, sāmaṇero upaṭṭhāpetabbo. Katamehi pañcahi? Paṭibalo hoti antevāsiṃ vā saddhivihāriṃ vā abhisamācārikāya sikkhāya sikkhāpetuṃ, ādibrahmacāriyakāya sikkhāya vinetuṃ, adhisīle vinetuṃ, adhicitte vinetuṃ, adhipaññāya vinetuṃ – imehi kho, upāli, pañcahaṅgehi samannāgatena bhikkhunā upasampādetabbaṃ, nissayo dātabbo, sāmaṇero upaṭṭhāpetabbo’’ti.
「伍巴离,又具足另外五支的比库不应授达上,不应给予依止,不应令沙玛内拉须跋。哪五支?无能力令弟子或共住弟子学习正行学,无能力教导根本梵行学,无能力教导增上戒,无能力教导增上心,无能力教导增上慧——伍巴离,具足这五支的比库不应授达上,不应给予依止,不应令沙玛内拉须跋。伍巴离,具足五支的比库应授达上,应给予依止,应令沙玛内拉须跋。哪五支?有能力令弟子或共住弟子学习正行学,有能力教导根本梵行学,有能力教导增上戒,有能力教导增上心,有能力教导增上慧——伍巴离,具足这五支的比库应授达上,应给予依止,应令沙玛内拉须跋。」
§419
‘‘Katihi nu kho, bhante, aṅgehi samannāgatassa bhikkhuno kammaṃ kātabba’’nti?
「尊者,具足多少支的比库应作甘马?」
Pañcahupāli, aṅgehi samannāgatassa bhikkhuno kammaṃ kātabbaṃ. Katamehi pañcahi? Alajjī ca hoti, bālo ca, apakatatto ca, micchādiṭṭhiko ca hoti, ājīvavipanno ca – imehi kho, upāli, pañcahaṅgehi samannāgatassa bhikkhuno kammaṃ kātabbaṃ.
伍巴离,具足五支的比库应当对他作甘马。哪五支?无惭、愚痴、无悔改、邪见者、邪命者——伍巴离,具足这五支的比库应当对他作甘马。
‘‘Aparehipi, upāli, pañcahaṅgehi samannāgatassa bhikkhuno kammaṃ kātabbaṃ. Katamehi pañcahi? Adhisīle sīlavipanno hoti, ajjhācāre ācāravipanno hoti, atidiṭṭhiyā diṭṭhivipanno hoti , micchādiṭṭhiko ca hoti, ājīvavipanno ca – imehi kho, upāli, pañcahaṅgehi samannāgatassa bhikkhuno kammaṃ kātabbaṃ.
伍巴离,又具足另外五支的比库应当对他作甘马。哪五支?于增上戒而戒破坏者、于行为而行为破坏者、于极端见而见破坏者、邪见者、邪命者——伍巴离,具足这五支的比库应当对他作甘马。
‘‘Aparehipi, upāli, pañcahaṅgehi samannāgatassa bhikkhuno kammaṃ kātabbaṃ. Katamehi pañcahi? Kāyikena davena samannāgato hoti, vācasikena davena samannāgato hoti, kāyikavācasikena davena samannāgato hoti, micchādiṭṭhiko ca hoti, ājīvavipanno ca – imehi kho, upāli, pañcahaṅgehi samannāgatassa bhikkhuno kammaṃ kātabbaṃ.
伍巴离,又具足另外五支的比库应当对他作甘马。哪五支?具足身的欺诈者、具足语的欺诈者、具足身语的欺诈者、邪见者、邪命者——伍巴离,具足这五支的比库应当对他作甘马。
‘‘Aparehipi , upāli, pañcahaṅgehi samannāgatassa bhikkhuno kammaṃ kātabbaṃ. Katamehi pañcahi? Kāyikena anācārena samannāgato hoti , vācasikena anācārena samannāgato hoti, kāyikavācasikena anācārena samannāgato hoti, micchādiṭṭhiko ca hoti, ājīvavipanno ca – imehi kho, upāli, pañcahaṅgehi samannāgatassa bhikkhuno kammaṃ kātabbaṃ.
伍巴离,又具足另外五支的比库应当对他作甘马。哪五支?具足身的恶行者、具足语的恶行者、具足身语的恶行者、邪见者、邪命者——伍巴离,具足这五支的比库应当对他作甘马。
‘‘Aparehipi, upāli, pañcahaṅgehi samannāgatassa bhikkhuno kammaṃ kātabbaṃ. Katamehi pañcahi? Kāyikena upaghātikena samannāgato hoti, vācasikena upaghātikena samannāgato hoti, kāyikavācasikena upaghātikena samannāgato hoti, micchādiṭṭhiko ca hoti, ājīvavipanno ca – imehi kho, upāli, pañcahaṅgehi samannāgatassa bhikkhuno kammaṃ kātabbaṃ.
伍巴离,又具足另外五支的比库应当对他作甘马。哪五支?具足身的伤害者、具足语的伤害者、具足身语的伤害者、邪见者、邪命者——伍巴离,具足这五支的比库应当对他作甘马。
‘‘Aparehipi, upāli, pañcahaṅgehi samannāgatassa bhikkhuno kammaṃ kātabbaṃ. Katamehi pañcahi? Kāyikena micchājīvena samannāgato hoti, vācasikena micchājīvena samannāgato hoti, kāyikavācasikena micchājīvena samannāgato hoti, micchādiṭṭhiko ca hoti, ājīvavipanno ca – imehi kho, upāli, pañcahaṅgehi samannāgatassa bhikkhuno kammaṃ kātabbaṃ.
伍巴离,又具足另外五支的比库应当对他作甘马。哪五支?具足身的邪命者、具足语的邪命者、具足身语的邪命者、邪见者、邪命者——伍巴离,具足这五支的比库应当对他作甘马。
‘‘Aparehipi, upāli, pañcahaṅgehi samannāgatassa bhikkhuno kammaṃ kātabbaṃ. Katamehi pañcahi? Āpattiṃ āpanno kammakato upasampādeti, nissayaṃ deti, sāmaṇeraṃ upaṭṭhāpeti, bhikkhunovādakasammutiṃ sādiyati, sammatopi bhikkhuniyo ovadati – imehi kho, upāli, pañcahaṅgehi samannāgatassa bhikkhuno kammaṃ kātabbaṃ.
伍巴离,又具足另外五支的比库应当对他作甘马。哪五支?犯罪被作甘马者而授达上、给予依止、令沙玛内拉须跋、接受教诫比库尼的同意、被同意后教诫比库尼——伍巴离,具足这五支的比库应当对他作甘马。
‘‘Aparehipi, upāli, pañcahaṅgehi samannāgatassa bhikkhuno kammaṃ kātabbaṃ. Katamehi pañcahi? Yāya āpattiyā saṅghena kammaṃ kataṃ hoti taṃ āpattiṃ āpajjati, aññaṃ vā tādisikaṃ, tato vā pāpiṭṭhataraṃ, kammaṃ garahati, kammike garahati – imehi kho, upāli, pañcahaṅgehi samannāgatassa bhikkhuno kammaṃ kātabbaṃ.
伍巴离,又具足另外五支的比库应当对他作甘马。哪五支?犯了僧团对其作甘马的那个罪,或另一个类似的,或比那更恶的,诽谤甘马、诽谤作甘马者——伍巴离,具足这五支的比库应当对他作甘马。
‘‘Aparehipi , upāli, pañcahaṅgehi samannāgatassa bhikkhuno kammaṃ kātabbaṃ. Katamehi pañcahi? Buddhassa avaṇṇaṃ bhāsati, dhammassa avaṇṇaṃ bhāsati, saṅghassa avaṇṇaṃ bhāsati, micchādiṭṭhiko ca hoti, ājīvavipanno ca – imehi kho, upāli, pañcahaṅgehi samannāgatassa bhikkhuno kammaṃ kātabba’’nti.
「伍巴离,具足另外五支的比库也应作甘马。哪五种?说佛的非赞,说法的非赞,说僧团的非赞,邪见者,邪命者——伍巴离,具足这五支的比库应作甘马。」
Anissitavaggo niṭṭhito paṭhamo. · 不依止品完第一
Tassuddānaṃ – · 其偈颂
Uposathaṃ pavāraṇaṃ, āpatti ca gilānakaṃ;
伍波萨他、自恣、罪与病者;
Abhisamācāralajjī ca, adhisīle davena ca.
于行为羞耻者,以及于增上戒与柔软。
Anācāraṃ upaghāti, micchā āpattimeva ca;
恶行所害,以及错误之罪;
Yāyāpattiyā buddhassa, paṭhamo vaggasaṅgahoti.
以何罪对佛,第一品集摄。
2. Nappaṭippassambhanavaggo2. 不平息品
§420
‘‘Katihi nu kho, bhante, aṅgehi samannāgatassa bhikkhuno kammaṃ nappaṭippassambhetabba’’nti?
「大德,具足几支的比库不应撤销甘马?」
‘‘Pañcahupāli, aṅgehi samannāgatassa bhikkhuno kammaṃ nappaṭippassambhetabbaṃ. Katamehi pañcahi ? Āpattiṃ āpanno kammakato upasampādeti, nissayaṃ deti, sāmaṇeraṃ upaṭṭhāpeti, bhikkhunovādakasammutiṃ sādiyati, sammatopi bhikkhuniyo ovadati – imehi kho, upāli, pañcahaṅgehi samannāgatassa bhikkhuno kammaṃ nappaṭippassambhetabbaṃ.
「伍巴离,具足五支的比库不应撤销甘马。哪五种?犯罪被作甘马者授达上,给予依止,令沙玛内拉须跋,接受教诫比库尼的认可,被认可后教诫比库尼——伍巴离,具足这五支的比库不应撤销甘马。
‘‘Aparehipi, upāli, pañcahaṅgehi samannāgatassa bhikkhuno kammaṃ nappaṭippassambhetabbaṃ. Katamehi pañcahi? Yāya āpattiyā saṅghena kammaṃ kataṃ hoti taṃ āpattiṃ āpajjati, aññaṃ vā tādisikaṃ, tato vā pāpiṭṭhataraṃ, kammaṃ garahati, kammike garahati – imehi kho, upāli, pañcahaṅgehi samannāgatassa bhikkhuno kammaṃ nappaṭippassambhetabbaṃ.
「伍巴离,具足另外五支的比库也不应撤销甘马。哪五种?犯僧团因之作甘马的那个罪,或另一个类似的,或比那更恶的,诽谤甘马,诽谤作甘马者——伍巴离,具足这五支的比库不应撤销甘马。」
‘‘Aparehipi, upāli, pañcahaṅgehi samannāgatassa bhikkhuno kammaṃ nappaṭippassambhetabbaṃ. Katamehi pañcahi? Buddhassa avaṇṇaṃ bhāsati, dhammassa avaṇṇaṃ bhāsati, saṅghassa avaṇṇaṃ bhāsati, micchādiṭṭhiko ca hoti, ājīvavipanno ca – imehi kho, upāli, pañcahaṅgehi samannāgatassa bhikkhuno kammaṃ nappaṭippassambhetabbaṃ.
「又,伍巴离,具足另外五支的比库,不应使其甘马平息。哪五支?说佛的过失,说法的过失,说僧团的过失,邪见者,活命败坏者——伍巴离,具足这五支的比库,不应使其甘马平息。」
‘‘Aparehipi, upāli, pañcahaṅgehi samannāgatassa bhikkhuno kammaṃ nappaṭippassambhetabbaṃ. Katamehi pañcahi? Alajjī ca hoti, bālo ca, apakatatto ca, omaddakārako ca hoti, vattesu sikkhāya ca na paripūrakārī – imehi kho, upāli, pañcahaṅgehi samannāgatassa bhikkhuno kammaṃ nappaṭippassambhetabba’’nti.
「又,伍巴离,具足另外五支的比库,不应使其甘马平息。哪五支?无惭者,愚者,不作悔者,作压迫者,于诸戒学不作圆满者——伍巴离,具足这五支的比库,不应使其甘马平息。」
§421
‘‘Saṅgāmāvacarena, bhante, bhikkhunā saṅghaṃ upasaṅkamantena kati dhamme ajjhattaṃ upaṭṭhāpetvā saṅgho upasaṅkamitabbo’’ti?
「大德,处于诤事中的比库前往僧团时,应在内确立多少法后才前往僧团?」
‘‘Saṅgāmāvacarena, upāli, bhikkhunā saṅghaṃ upasaṅkamantena pañca dhamme ajjhattaṃ upaṭṭhāpetvā saṅgho upasaṅkamitabbo. Katame pañca? Saṅgāmāvacarena, upāli, bhikkhunā saṅghaṃ upasaṅkamantena nīcacittena saṅgho upasaṅkamitabbo, rajoharaṇasamena cittena, āsanakusalena bhavitabbaṃ nissajjakusalena, there bhikkhū anupakhajjantena, nave bhikkhū āsanena appaṭibāhantena yathāpatirūpe āsane nisīditabbaṃ, anānākathikena bhavitabbaṃ atiracchānakathikena, sāmaṃ vā dhammo bhāsitabbo, paro vā ajjhesitabbo, ariyo vā tuṇhibhāvo nātimaññitabbo, sace, upāli, saṅgho samaggakaraṇīyāni kammāni karoti tatra ce, upāli, bhikkhuno nakkhamati, api diṭṭhāvikammaṃ katvā ñāpetabbā sāmaggī. Taṃ kissahetu? Māhaṃ saṅghena nānatto assanti. Saṅgāmāvacarenupāli , bhikkhunā saṅghaṃ upasaṅkamantena ime pañca dhamme ajjhattaṃ upaṭṭhāpetvā saṅgho upasaṅkamitabbo’’ti.
「伍巴离,处于诤事中的比库前往僧团时,应在内确立五法后才前往僧团。哪五法?伍巴离,处于诤事中的比库前往僧团时,应以卑下心前往僧团,应以除尘同等之心,应善巧于座位、善巧于舍弃,不侵犯长老比库们,不以座位拒绝新比库们,应坐于适当的座位,应不作种种言说、不作过度畜生论,应自己说法,或请他人说,不应轻视圣默然,伍巴离,若僧团作和合之甘马,伍巴离,若比库于此不能忍,即使作了见的改变后也应使知和合。那是什么原因?『愿我不与僧团有异』。伍巴离,处于诤事中的比库前往僧团时,应在内确立这五法后才前往僧团。」
§422
‘‘Katihi nu kho, bhante, aṅgehi samannāgato bhikkhu saṅghe voharanto bahujanaakanto ca hoti bahujanaamanāpo ca bahujanaarucito cā’’ti?
「大德,具足多少支的比库在僧团中行事时,为众人所喜爱、为众人所喜、为众人所乐?」
‘‘Pañcahupāli, aṅgehi samannāgato bhikkhu saṅghe voharanto bahujanaakanto ca hoti bahujanaamanāpo ca bahujanaarucito ca. Katamehi pañcahi? Ussitamantī ca hoti, nissitajappī ca, na ca bhāsānusandhikusalo hoti, na yathādhamme yathāvinaye yathāpattiyā codetā hoti, na yathādhamme yathāvinaye yathāpattiyā kāretā hoti – imehi kho, upāli, pañcahaṅgehi samannāgato bhikkhu saṅghe voharanto bahujanaakanto ca hoti bahujanaamanāpo ca bahujanaarucito ca. Pañcahupāli, aṅgehi samannāgato bhikkhu saṅghe voharanto bahujanakanto ca hoti bahujanamanāpo ca bahujanaarucito ca. Katamehi pañcahi? Na ussitamantī ca hoti, na nissitajappī ca, bhāsānusandhikusalo ca hoti, yathādhamme yathāvinaye yathāpattiyā codetā hoti, yathādhamme yathāvinaye yathāpattiyā kāretā hoti – imehi kho, upāli, pañcahaṅgehi samannāgato bhikkhu saṅghe voharanto bahujanakanto ca hoti bahujanamanāpo ca bahujanarucito ca.
「伍巴离,具足五支的比库在僧团中行事时,为众人所喜爱、为众人所喜、为众人所乐。哪五支?持高慢论者,持依止闲谈者,不善巧于言说的连结,不如法、如律、如罪而呵责,不如法、如律、如罪而使作——伍巴离,具足这五支的比库在僧团中行事时,为众人所喜爱、为众人所喜、为众人所乐。伍巴离,具足五支的比库在僧团中行事时,为众人所喜爱、为众人所喜、为众人所乐。哪五支?不持高慢论者,不持依止闲谈者,善巧于言说的连结,如法、如律、如罪而呵责,如法、如律、如罪而使作——伍巴离,具足这五支的比库在僧团中行事时,为众人所喜爱、为众人所喜、为众人所乐。」
‘‘Aparehipi, upāli, pañcahaṅgehi samannāgato bhikkhu saṅghe voharanto bahujanaakanto ca hoti bahujanaamanāpo ca bahujanaarucito ca. Katamehi pañcahi? Ussādetā ca hoti, apasādetā ca, adhammaṃ gaṇhāti, dhammaṃ paṭibāhati, samphañca bahuṃ bhāsati – imehi kho, upāli, pañcahaṅgehi samannāgato bhikkhu saṅghe voharanto bahujanaakanto ca hoti bahujanaamanāpo ca bahujanaarucito ca. Pañcahupāli, aṅgehi samannāgato bhikkhu saṅghe voharanto bahujanakanto ca hoti bahujanamanāpo ca bahujanarucito ca. Katamehi pañcahi? Na ussādetā ca hoti, na apasādetā ca, dhammaṃ gaṇhāti, adhammaṃ paṭibāhati, samphañca na bahuṃ bhāsati – imehi kho, upāli, pañcahaṅgehi samannāgato bhikkhu saṅghe voharanto bahujanakanto ca hoti bahujanamanāpo ca bahujanarucito ca.
「又,伍巴离,具足另外五支的比库在僧团中行事时,为众人所喜爱、为众人所喜、为众人所乐。哪五支?令兴奋者,令不信者,取非法,拒绝法,多说杂秽——伍巴离,具足这五支的比库在僧团中行事时,为众人所喜爱、为众人所喜、为众人所乐。伍巴离,具足五支的比库在僧团中行事时,为众人所喜爱、为众人所喜、为众人所乐。哪五支?不令兴奋者,不令不信者,取法,拒绝非法,不多说杂秽——伍巴离,具足这五支的比库在僧团中行事时,为众人所喜爱、为众人所喜、为众人所乐。」
‘‘Aparehipi, upāli, pañcahaṅgehi samannāgato bhikkhu saṅghe voharanto bahujanaakanto ca hoti bahujanaamanāpo ca bahujanaarucito ca. Katamehi pañcahi? Pasayhapavattā hoti, anokāsakammaṃ kāretvā pavattā hoti, na yathādhamme yathāvinaye yathāpattiyā codetā hoti, na yathādhamme yathāvinaye yathāpattiyā kāretā hoti, na yathādiṭṭhiyā byākatā hoti – imehi kho, upāli, pañcahaṅgehi samannāgato bhikkhu saṅghe voharanto bahujanaakanto ca hoti bahujanaamanāpo ca bahujanaarucito ca. Pañcahupāli, aṅgehi samannāgato bhikkhu saṅghe voharanto bahujanakanto ca hoti bahujanamanāpo ca bahujanarucito ca. Katamehi pañcahi? Na pasayhapavattā hoti, okāsakammaṃ kāretvā pavattā hoti, yathādhamme yathāvinaye yathāpattiyā codetā hoti, yathādhamme yathāvinaye yathāpattiyā kāretā hoti, yathādiṭṭhiyā byākatā hoti – imehi kho, upāli, pañcahaṅgehi samannāgato bhikkhu saṅghe voharanto bahujanakanto ca hoti bahujanamanāpo ca bahujanarucito cā’’ti.
「又,伍巴离,具足另外五支的比库在僧团中行事时,为众人所喜爱、为众人所喜、为众人所乐。哪五支?强制行事者,作了不给机会的甘马而行事者,不如法、如律、如罪而呵责,不如法、如律、如罪而使作,不如见而分别论——伍巴离,具足这五支的比库在僧团中行事时,为众人所喜爱、为众人所喜、为众人所乐。伍巴离,具足五支的比库在僧团中行事时,为众人所喜爱、为众人所喜、为众人所乐。哪五支?不强制行事者,作了给机会的甘马而行事者,如法、如律、如罪而呵责,如法、如律、如罪而使作,如见而分别论——伍巴离,具足这五支的比库在僧团中行事时,为众人所喜爱、为众人所喜、为众人所乐。」
§423
‘‘Kati nu kho, bhante, ānisaṃsā vinayapariyattiyā’’ti?
「尊者,律的学习有多少种利益呢?」
‘‘Pañcime, upāli, ānisaṃsā vinayapariyattiyā. Katame pañca? Attano sīlakkhandho sugutto hoti surakkhito, kukkuccapakatānaṃ paṭisaraṇaṃ hoti, visārado saṅghamajjhe voharati, paccatthike sahadhammena suniggahitaṃ niggaṇhāti, saddhammaṭṭhitiyā paṭipanno hoti – imehi kho, upāli, pañcānisaṃsā vinayapariyattiyā’’.
「伍巴离,律的学习有这五种利益。哪五种呢?自己的戒蕴善护、善守,对有疑惑者是归依处,在僧团中无畏地说话,如法地善制伏对方,行于正法住立之道——伍巴离,这就是律的学习的五种利益。」
Nappaṭippassambhanavaggo niṭṭhito dutiyo. · 不平息品完第二
Tassuddānaṃ – · 其偈颂
Āpanno yāyavaṇṇañca, alajjī saṅgāmena ca;
「犯罪者与诤论者,无惭者与争斗者;
Ussitā ussādetā ca, pasayha pariyattiyāti.
傲慢者与使人傲慢者,以及强制学习者。」
Paṭhamayamakapaññatti. · 第一双法施设
3. Vohāravaggo3. 说话品
§424
‘‘Katihi nu kho, bhante, aṅgehi samannāgatena bhikkhunā saṅghe na voharitabba’’nti?
「尊者,具足多少支的比库不应在僧团中说话呢?」
‘‘Pañcahupāli, aṅgehi samannāgatena bhikkhunā saṅghe na voharitabbaṃ. Katamehi pañcahi? Āpattiṃ na jānāti, āpattisamuṭṭhānaṃ na jānāti, āpattiyā payogaṃ na jānāti, āpattiyā vūpasamaṃ na jānāti, āpattiyā na vinicchayakusalo hoti – imehi kho, upāli, pañcahaṅgehi samannāgatena bhikkhunā saṅghe na voharitabbaṃ. Pañcahupāli, aṅgehi samannāgatena bhikkhunā saṅghe voharitabbaṃ. Katamehi pañcahi? Āpattiṃ jānāti, āpattisamuṭṭhānaṃ jānāti, āpattiyā payogaṃ jānāti, āpattiyā vūpasamaṃ jānāti, āpattiyā vinicchayakusalo hoti – imehi kho, upāli, pañcahaṅgehi samannāgatena bhikkhunā saṅghe voharitabbaṃ.
「伍巴离,具足五支的比库不应在僧团中说话。哪五支呢?不知罪,不知罪的生起,不知罪的方便,不知罪的止息,不善巧罪的判决——伍巴离,具足这五支的比库不应在僧团中说话。伍巴离,具足五支的比库应在僧团中说话。哪五支呢?知罪,知罪的生起,知罪的方便,知罪的止息,善巧罪的判决——伍巴离,具足这五支的比库应在僧团中说话。
‘‘Aparehipi, upāli, pañcahaṅgehi samannāgatena bhikkhunā saṅghe na voharitabbaṃ. Katamehi pañcahi? Adhikaraṇaṃ na jānāti, adhikaraṇasamuṭṭhānaṃ na jānāti, adhikaraṇassa payogaṃ na jānāti, adhikaraṇassa vūpasamaṃ na jānāti, adhikaraṇassa na vinicchayakusalo hoti – imehi kho, upāli, pañcahaṅgehi samannāgatena bhikkhunā saṅghe na voharitabbaṃ. Pañcahupāli, aṅgehi samannāgatena bhikkhunā saṅghe voharitabbaṃ. Katamehi pañcahi? Adhikaraṇaṃ jānāti , adhikaraṇasamuṭṭhānaṃ jānāti, adhikaraṇassa payogaṃ jānāti, adhikaraṇassa vūpasamaṃ jānāti, adhikaraṇassa vinicchayakusalo hoti – imehi kho, upāli pañcahaṅgehi samannāgatena bhikkhunā saṅghe voharitabbaṃ.
「伍巴离,又具足另外五支的比库不应在僧团中说话。哪五支呢?不知诤事,不知诤事的生起,不知诤事的方便,不知诤事的止息,不善巧诤事的判决——伍巴离,具足这五支的比库不应在僧团中说话。伍巴离,具足五支的比库应在僧团中说话。哪五支呢?知诤事,知诤事的生起,知诤事的方便,知诤事的止息,善巧诤事的判决——伍巴离,具足这五支的比库应在僧团中说话。
‘‘Aparehipi, upāli, pañcahaṅgehi samannāgatena bhikkhunā saṅghe na voharitabbaṃ. Katamehi pañcahi? Pasayhapavattā hoti, anokāsakammaṃ kāretvā pavattā hoti, na yathādhamme yathāvinaye yathāpattiyā codetā hoti, na yathādhamme yathāvinaye yathāpattiyā kāretā hoti, na yathādiṭṭhiyā byākatā hoti – imehi kho, upāli, pañcahaṅgehi samannāgatena bhikkhunā saṅghe na voharitabbaṃ. Pañcahupāli, aṅgehi samannāgatena bhikkhunā saṅghe voharitabbaṃ. Katamehi pañcahi? Na pasayhapavattā hoti, okāsakammaṃ kāretvā pavattā hoti, yathādhamme yathāvinaye yathāpattiyā codetā hoti, yathādhamme yathāvinaye yathāpattiyā kāretā hoti, yathādiṭṭhiyā byākatā hoti – imehi kho, upāli, pañcahaṅgehi samannāgatena bhikkhunā saṅghe voharitabbaṃ.
「伍巴离,又具足另外五支的比库不应在僧团中说话。哪五支呢?强制地行事,不作请求甘马而行事,不如法、不如律、不如罪地举罪,不如法、不如律、不如罪地使作,不如见地分别论——伍巴离,具足这五支的比库不应在僧团中说话。伍巴离,具足五支的比库应在僧团中说话。哪五支呢?不强制地行事,作了请求甘马而行事,如法、如律、如罪地举罪,如法、如律、如罪地使作,如见地分别论——伍巴离,具足这五支的比库应在僧团中说话。
‘‘Aparehipi, upāli, pañcahaṅgehi samannāgatena bhikkhunā saṅghe na voharitabbaṃ. Katamehi pañcahi? Āpattānāpattiṃ na jānāti, lahukagarukaṃ āpattiṃ na jānāti, sāvasesānavasesaṃ āpattiṃ na jānāti, duṭṭhullāduṭṭhullaṃ āpattiṃ na jānāti, sappaṭikammaṃ appaṭikammaṃ āpattiṃ na jānāti – imehi kho, upāli, pañcahaṅgehi samannāgatena bhikkhunā saṅghe na voharitabbaṃ. Pañcahupāli, aṅgehi samannāgatena bhikkhunā saṅghe voharitabbaṃ. Katamehi pañcahi? Āpattānāpattiṃ jānāti, lahukagarukaṃ āpattiṃ jānāti, sāvasesānavasesaṃ āpattiṃ jānāti, duṭṭhullāduṭṭhullaṃ āpattiṃ jānāti, sappaṭikammaṃ appaṭikammaṃ āpattiṃ jānāti – imehi kho, upāli, pañcahaṅgehi samannāgatena bhikkhunā saṅghe voharitabbaṃ.
「又,伍巴离,具足五支的比库不应在僧团中说话。哪五种?不知罪与非罪,不知轻罪与重罪,不知有余罪与无余罪,不知粗重罪与非粗重罪,不知有对治罪与无对治罪——伍巴离,具足这五支的比库不应在僧团中说话。伍巴离,具足五支的比库应在僧团中说话。哪五种?知罪与非罪,知轻罪与重罪,知有余罪与无余罪,知粗重罪与非粗重罪,知有对治罪与无对治罪——伍巴离,具足这五支的比库应在僧团中说话。」
‘‘Aparehipi, upāli, pañcahaṅgehi samannāgatena bhikkhunā saṅghe na voharitabbaṃ. Katamehi pañcahi? Kammaṃ na jānāti, kammassa karaṇaṃ na jānāti, kammassa vatthuṃ na jānāti, kammassa vattaṃ na jānāti, kammassa vūpasamaṃ na jānāti – imehi kho, upāli, pañcahaṅgehi samannāgatena bhikkhunā saṅghe na voharitabbaṃ. Pañcahupāli , aṅgehi samannāgatena bhikkhunā saṅghe voharitabbaṃ. Katamehi pañcahi? Kammaṃ jānāti, kammassa karaṇaṃ jānāti, kammassa vatthuṃ jānāti, kammassa vattaṃ jānāti, kammassa vūpasamaṃ jānāti – imehi kho, upāli, pañcahaṅgehi samannāgatena bhikkhunā saṅghe voharitabbaṃ.
「又,伍巴离,具足五支的比库不应在僧团中说话。哪五种?不知甘马,不知甘马的作法,不知甘马的事,不知甘马的说法,不知甘马的止息——伍巴离,具足这五支的比库不应在僧团中说话。伍巴离,具足五支的比库应在僧团中说话。哪五种?知甘马,知甘马的作法,知甘马的事,知甘马的说法,知甘马的止息——伍巴离,具足这五支的比库应在僧团中说话。」
‘‘Aparehipi , upāli, pañcahaṅgehi samannāgatena bhikkhunā saṅghe na voharitabbaṃ. Katamehi pañcahi? Vatthuṃ na jānāti, nidānaṃ na jānāti, paññattiṃ na jānāti, padapaccābhaṭṭhaṃ na jānāti, anusandhivacanapathaṃ na jānāti – imehi kho, upāli, pañcahaṅgehi samannāgatena bhikkhunā saṅghe na voharitabbaṃ. Pañcahupāli, aṅgehi samannāgatena bhikkhunā saṅghe voharitabbaṃ. Katamehi pañcahi? Vatthuṃ jānāti, nidānaṃ jānāti, paññattiṃ jānāti, padapaccābhaṭṭhaṃ jānāti, anusandhivacanapathaṃ jānāti – imehi kho, upāli, pañcahaṅgehi samannāgatena bhikkhunā saṅghe voharitabbaṃ.
「又,伍巴离,具足五支的比库不应在僧团中说话。哪五种?不知事,不知因缘,不知制定,不知句义,不知连结语句之道——伍巴离,具足这五支的比库不应在僧团中说话。伍巴离,具足五支的比库应在僧团中说话。哪五种?知事,知因缘,知制定,知句义,知连结语句之道——伍巴离,具足这五支的比库应在僧团中说话。」
‘‘Aparehipi, upāli, pañcahaṅgehi samannāgatena bhikkhunā saṅghe na voharitabbaṃ . Katamehi pañcahi? Chandāgatiṃ gacchati, dosāgatiṃ gacchati, mohāgatiṃ gacchati, bhayāgatiṃ gacchati, alajjī ca hoti – imehi kho, upāli, pañcahaṅgehi samannāgatena bhikkhunā saṅghe na voharitabbaṃ. Pañcahupāli, aṅgehi samannāgatena bhikkhunā saṅghe voharitabbaṃ. Katamehi pañcahi? Na chandāgatiṃ gacchati, na dosāgatiṃ gacchati, na mohāgatiṃ gacchati, na bhayāgatiṃ gacchati, lajjī ca hoti – imehi kho, upāli, pañcahaṅgehi samannāgatena bhikkhunā saṅghe voharitabbaṃ.
「又,伍巴离,具足五支的比库不应在僧团中说话。哪五种?因欲而行,因嗔而行,因痴而行,因怖而行,且无惭——伍巴离,具足这五支的比库不应在僧团中说话。伍巴离,具足五支的比库应在僧团中说话。哪五种?不因欲而行,不因嗔而行,不因痴而行,不因怖而行,且有惭——伍巴离,具足这五支的比库应在僧团中说话。」
‘‘Aparehipi, upāli, pañcahaṅgehi samannāgatena bhikkhunā saṅghe na voharitabbaṃ. Katamehi pañcahi? Chandāgatiṃ gacchati, dosāgatiṃ gacchati, mohāgatiṃ gacchati, bhayāgatiṃ gacchati, akusalo ca hoti vinaye – imehi kho, upāli, pañcahaṅgehi samannāgatena bhikkhunā saṅghe na voharitabbaṃ. Pañcahupāli, aṅgehi samannāgatena bhikkhunā saṅghe voharitabbaṃ. Katamehi pañcahi? Na chandāgatiṃ gacchati, na dosāgatiṃ gacchati, na mohāgatiṃ gacchati, na bhayāgatiṃ gacchati, kusalo ca hoti vinaye – imehi kho, upāli, pañcahaṅgehi samannāgatena bhikkhunā saṅghe voharitabbaṃ.
「又,伍巴离,具足五支的比库不应在僧团中说话。哪五种?因欲而行,因嗔而行,因痴而行,因怖而行,且不善巧于律——伍巴离,具足这五支的比库不应在僧团中说话。伍巴离,具足五支的比库应在僧团中说话。哪五种?不因欲而行,不因嗔而行,不因痴而行,不因怖而行,且善巧于律——伍巴离,具足这五支的比库应在僧团中说话。」
‘‘Aparehipi, upāli, pañcahaṅgehi samannāgatena bhikkhunā saṅghe na voharitabbaṃ. Katamehi pañcahi? Ñattiṃ na jānāti, ñattiyā karaṇaṃ na jānāti, ñattiyā anussāvanaṃ na jānāti, ñattiyā samathaṃ na jānāti, ñattiyā vūpasamaṃ na jānāti – imehi kho, upāli , pañcahaṅgehi samannāgatena bhikkhunā saṅghe na voharitabbaṃ. Pañcahupāli, aṅgehi samannāgatena bhikkhunā saṅghe voharitabbaṃ. Katamehi pañcahi? Ñattiṃ jānāti, ñattiyā karaṇaṃ jānāti, ñattiyā anussāvanaṃ jānāti, ñattiyā samathaṃ jānāti, ñattiyā vūpasamaṃ jānāti – imehi kho, upāli, pañcahaṅgehi samannāgatena bhikkhunā saṅghe voharitabbaṃ.
「又,伍巴离,具足五支的比库不应在僧团中说话。哪五种?不知白,不知白的作法,不知白的宣说,不知白的止息,不知白的平息——伍巴离,具足这五支的比库不应在僧团中说话。伍巴离,具足五支的比库应在僧团中说话。哪五种?知白,知白的作法,知白的宣说,知白的止息,知白的平息——伍巴离,具足这五支的比库应在僧团中说话。」
‘‘Aparehipi, upāli, pañcahaṅgehi samannāgatena bhikkhunā saṅghe na voharitabbaṃ. Katamehi pañcahi? Suttaṃ na jānāti, suttānulomaṃ na jānāti, vinayaṃ na jānāti, vinayānulomaṃ na jānāti, na ca ṭhānāṭhānakusalo hoti – imehi kho, upāli, pañcahaṅgehi samannāgatena bhikkhunā saṅghe na voharitabbaṃ. Pañcahupāli, aṅgehi samannāgatena bhikkhunā saṅghe voharitabbaṃ. Katamehi pañcahi? Suttaṃ jānāti, suttānulomaṃ jānāti, vinayaṃ jānāti, vinayānulomaṃ jānāti, ṭhānāṭhānakusalo ca hoti – imehi kho, upāli, pañcahaṅgehi samannāgatena bhikkhunā saṅghe voharitabbaṃ.
「又,伍巴离,具足五支的比库不应在僧团中说话。哪五种?不知经,不知随顺经,不知律,不知随顺律,且不善巧于处与非处——伍巴离,具足这五支的比库不应在僧团中说话。伍巴离,具足五支的比库应在僧团中说话。哪五种?知经,知随顺经,知律,知随顺律,且善巧于处与非处——伍巴离,具足这五支的比库应在僧团中说话。」
‘‘Aparehipi , upāli, pañcahaṅgehi samannāgatena bhikkhunā saṅghe na voharitabbaṃ. Katamehi pañcahi? Dhammaṃ na jānāti, dhammānulomaṃ na jānāti, vinayaṃ na jānāti, vinayānulomaṃ na jānāti, na ca pubbāparakusalo hoti – imehi kho, upāli, pañcahaṅgehi samannāgatena bhikkhunā saṅghe na voharitabbaṃ. Pañcahupāli, aṅgehi samannāgatena bhikkhunā saṅghe voharitabbaṃ. Katamehi pañcahi? Dhammaṃ jānāti, dhammānulomaṃ jānāti, vinayaṃ jānāti, vinayānulomaṃ jānāti, pubbāparakusalo ca hoti – imehi kho, upāli, pañcahaṅgehi samannāgatena bhikkhunā saṅghe voharitabba’’nti.
「又,伍巴离,具足五支的比库不应在僧团中说话。哪五种?不知法,不知随顺法,不知律,不知随顺律,且不善巧于前后——伍巴离,具足这五支的比库不应在僧团中说话。伍巴离,具足五支的比库应在僧团中说话。哪五种?知法,知随顺法,知律,知随顺律,且善巧于前后——伍巴离,具足这五支的比库应在僧团中说话。」
Vohāravaggo niṭṭhito tatiyo. · 说话品完第三
Tassuddānaṃ – · 其偈颂
Āpatti adhikaraṇaṃ, pasayhāpatti jānanā;
罪诤事,强制犯与知,
Kammaṃ vatthuṃ alajjī ca, akusalo ca ñattiyā;
甘马、事、无惭者,及不善于白,
Suttaṃ na jānāti dhammaṃ, tatiyo vaggasaṅgahoti.
不知经与法,第三品摄集。
4. Diṭṭhāvikammavaggo4. 见不作甘马品
§425
‘‘Kati nu kho, bhante, adhammikā diṭṭhāvikammā’’ti? ‘‘Pañcime, upāli, adhammikā diṭṭhāvikammā. Katame pañca? Anāpattiyā diṭṭhiṃ āvi karoti, adesanāgāminiyā āpattiyā diṭṭhiṃ āvi karoti, desitāya āpattiyā diṭṭhiṃ āvi karoti, catūhi pañcahi diṭṭhiṃ āvi karoti, mano mānasena diṭṭhiṃ āvi karoti – ime kho, upāli, pañca adhammikā diṭṭhāvikammā.
「尊者,有多少非法的见表白?」「伍巴离,有这五种非法的见表白。哪五种?对无罪表白见,对不应说的罪表白见,对已说的罪表白见,以四或五表白见,以心意表白见——伍巴离,这是五种非法的见表白。」
‘‘Pañcime, upāli, dhammikā diṭṭhāvikammā. Katame pañca? Āpattiyā diṭṭhiṃ āvi karoti, desanāgāminiyā āpattiyā diṭṭhiṃ āvi karoti, adesitāya āpattiyā diṭṭhiṃ āvi karoti, na catūhi pañcahi diṭṭhiṃ āvi karoti, na mano mānasena diṭṭhiṃ āvi karoti – ime kho, upāli, pañca dhammikā diṭṭhāvikammā.
「伍巴离,有这五种如法的见表白。哪五种?对罪表白见,对应说的罪表白见,对未说的罪表白见,不以四或五表白见,不以心意表白见——伍巴离,这是五种如法的见表白。」
‘‘Aparepi , upāli, pañca adhammikā diṭṭhāvikammā. Katame pañca? Nānāsaṃvāsakassa santike diṭṭhiṃ āvi karoti, nānāsīmāya ṭhitassa santike diṭṭhiṃ āvi karoti, apakatattassa santike diṭṭhiṃ āvi karoti, catūhi pañcahi diṭṭhiṃ āvi karoti, mano mānasena diṭṭhiṃ āvi karoti – ime kho, upāli, pañca adhammikā diṭṭhāvikammā.
「伍巴离,又有这五种非法的见表白。哪五种?在别住者面前表白见,在住于别界者面前表白见,在未恢复者面前表白见,以四或五表白见,以心意表白见——伍巴离,这是五种非法的见表白。」
‘‘Pañcime, upāli, dhammikā diṭṭhāvikammā. Katame pañca? Samānasaṃvāsakassa santike diṭṭhiṃ āvi karoti, samānasīmāya ṭhitassa santike diṭṭhiṃ āvi karoti, pakatattassa santike diṭṭhiṃ āvi karoti, na catūhi pañcahi diṭṭhiṃ āvi karoti, na mano mānasena diṭṭhiṃ āvi karoti – ime kho, upāli, pañca dhammikā diṭṭhāvikammāti.
「伍巴离,有这五种如法的见表白。哪五种?在同住者面前表白见,在住于同界者面前表白见,在已恢复者面前表白见,不以四或五表白见,不以心意表白见——伍巴离,这是五种如法的见表白。」
§426
‘‘Kati nu kho, bhante, adhammikā paṭiggahā’’ti? ‘‘Pañcime, upāli, adhammikā paṭiggahā. Katame pañca? Kāyena diyyamānaṃ kāyena appaṭiggahitaṃ, kāyena diyyamānaṃ kāyappaṭibaddhena appaṭiggahitaṃ, kāyappaṭibaddhena diyyamānaṃ kāyena appaṭiggahitaṃ, kāyappaṭibaddhena diyyamānaṃ kāyappaṭibaddhena appaṭiggahitaṃ, nissaggiyena diyyamānaṃ kāyena vā kāyappaṭibaddhena vā appaṭiggahitaṃ – ime kho, upāli, pañca adhammikā paṭiggahā.
「尊者,有多少非法的受取?」「伍巴离,有这五种非法的受取。哪五种?以身给予而未以身受取,以身给予而未以身所系受取,以身所系给予而未以身受取,以身所系给予而未以身所系受取,以应舍物给予而未以身或身所系受取——伍巴离,这是五种非法的受取。」
‘‘Pañcime, upāli, dhammikā paṭiggahā. Katame pañca? Kāyena diyyamānaṃ kāyena paṭiggahitaṃ, kāyena diyyamānaṃ kāyappaṭibaddhena paṭiggahitaṃ, kāyappaṭibaddhena diyyamānaṃ kāyena paṭiggahitaṃ, kāyappaṭibaddhena diyyamānaṃ kāyappaṭibaddhena paṭiggahitaṃ, nissaggiyena diyyamānaṃ kāyena vā kāyappaṭibaddhena vā paṭiggahitaṃ – ime kho, upāli, pañca dhammikā paṭiggahā’’ti.
「伍巴离,这五种是如法的接受。哪五种?以身给予以身接受,以身给予以身所系之物接受,以身所系之物给予以身接受,以身所系之物给予以身所系之物接受,以应舍弃之物给予以身或以身所系之物接受——伍巴离,这五种是如法的接受。」
§427
‘‘Kati nu kho, bhante, anatirittā’’ti? ‘‘Pañcime, upāli, anatirittā. Katame pañca? Akappiyakataṃ hoti, appaṭiggahitakataṃ hoti anuccāritakataṃ hoti, ahatthapāse kataṃ hoti, alametaṃ sabbanti avuttaṃ hoti – ime kho, upāli, pañca anatirittā.
「尊者,有多少种不过剩?」「伍巴离,这五种是不过剩。哪五种?未作净,未作接受,未作说净,未作在手臂范围内,未说『这足够全部』——伍巴离,这五种是不过剩。」
‘‘Pañcime, upāli, atirittā. Katame pañca? Kappiyakataṃ hoti, paṭiggahitakataṃ hoti, uccāritakataṃ hoti, hatthapāse kataṃ hoti, alametaṃ sabbanti vuttaṃ hoti – ime kho, upāli, pañca atirittā’’ti.
「伍巴离,这五种是过剩。哪五种?已作净,已作接受,已作说净,已作在手臂范围内,已说『这足够全部』——伍巴离,这五种是过剩。」
§428
‘‘Katihi nu kho, bhante, ākārehi pavāraṇā paññāyatī’’ti? ‘‘Pañcahupāli, ākārehi pavāraṇā paññāyati. Katamehi pañcahi? Asanaṃ paññāyati, bhojanaṃ paññāyati, hatthapāse ṭhito abhiharati, paṭikkhepo paññāyati – imehi kho, upāli, pañcahākārehi pavāraṇā paññāyatī’’ti.
「尊者,以多少种相状了知邀请?」「伍巴离,以五种相状了知邀请。哪五种?了知副食,了知主食,站在手臂范围内递送,了知拒绝——伍巴离,以这五种相状了知邀请。」
§429
‘‘Kati nu kho, bhante, adhammikā paṭiññātakaraṇā’’ti? ‘‘Pañcime, upāli, adhammikā paṭiññātakaraṇā. Katame pañca? Bhikkhu pārājikaṃ ajjhāpanno hoti, pārājikena codiyamāno saṅghādisesaṃ ajjhāpanno paṭijānāti, taṃ saṅgho saṅghādisesena kāreti, adhammikaṃ paṭiññātakaraṇaṃ . Bhikkhu pārājikaṃ ajjhāpanno hoti, pārājikena codiyamāno pācittiyaṃ…pe… pāṭidesanīyaṃ… dukkaṭaṃ ajjhāpanno paṭijānāti, taṃ saṅgho dukkaṭena kāreti, adhammikaṃ paṭiññātakaraṇaṃ. Bhikkhu saṅghādisesaṃ…pe… pācittiyaṃ… pāṭidesanīyaṃ… dukkaṭaṃ ajjhāpanno hoti. Dukkaṭena codiyamāno pārājikaṃ ajjhāpanno paṭijānāti, taṃ saṅgho pārājikena kāreti, adhammikaṃ paṭiññātakaraṇaṃ. Bhikkhu dukkaṭaṃ ajjhāpanno hoti, dukkaṭena codiyamāno saṅghādisesaṃ…pe… pācittiyaṃ… pāṭidesanīyaṃ ajjhāpanno paṭijānāti, taṃ saṅgho pāṭidesanīyena kāreti – adhammikaṃ paṭiññātakaraṇaṃ. Ime kho, upāli, pañca adhammikā paṭiññātakaraṇā.
「尊者,有多少种非法的承认处理?」「伍巴离,这五种是非法的承认处理。哪五种?比库犯了巴拉基咖,被以巴拉基咖指控时承认犯了桑喀地谢萨,僧团以桑喀地谢萨处理,这是非法的承认处理。比库犯了巴拉基咖,被以巴拉基咖指控时承认犯了巴吉帝亚……应悔过……恶作,僧团以恶作处理,这是非法的承认处理。比库犯了桑喀地谢萨……巴吉帝亚……应悔过……恶作。被以恶作指控时承认犯了巴拉基咖,僧团以巴拉基咖处理,这是非法的承认处理。比库犯了恶作,被以恶作指控时承认犯了桑喀地谢萨……巴吉帝亚……应悔过,僧团以应悔过处理——这是非法的承认处理。伍巴离,这五种是非法的承认处理。」
‘‘Pañcime, upāli, dhammikā paṭiññātakaraṇā. Katame pañca? Bhikkhu pārājikaṃ ajjhāpanno hoti, pārājikena codiyamāno pārājikaṃ ajjhāpanno paṭijānāti, taṃ saṅgho pārājikena kāreti, dhammikaṃ paṭiññātakaraṇaṃ. Bhikkhu saṅghādisesaṃ…pe… pācittiyaṃ… pāṭidesanīyaṃ… dukkaṭaṃ ajjhāpanno hoti, dukkaṭena codiyamāno dukkaṭaṃ ajjhāpanno paṭijānāti , taṃ saṅgho dukkaṭena kāreti, dhammikaṃ paṭiññātakaraṇaṃ. Ime kho, upāli, pañca dhammikā paṭiññātakaraṇā’’ti.
「伍巴离,这五种是如法的承认处理。哪五种?比库犯了巴拉基咖,被以巴拉基咖指控时承认犯了巴拉基咖,僧团以巴拉基咖处理,这是如法的承认处理。比库犯了桑喀地谢萨……巴吉帝亚……应悔过……恶作,被以恶作指控时承认犯了恶作,僧团以恶作处理,这是如法的承认处理。伍巴离,这五种是如法的承认处理。」
§430
‘‘Katihi nu kho, bhante, aṅgehi samannāgatassa bhikkhuno okāsakammaṃ kārāpentassa nālaṃ okāsakammaṃ kātu’’nti? ‘‘Pañcahupāli, aṅgehi samannāgatassa bhikkhuno okāsakammaṃ kārāpentassa nālaṃ okāsakammaṃ kātuṃ. Katamehi pañcahi? Alajjī ca hoti, bālo ca, apakatatto ca, cāvanādhippāyo vattā hoti, no vuṭṭhānādhippāyo – imehi kho, upāli, pañcahaṅgehi samannāgatassa bhikkhuno okāsakammaṃ kārāpentassa nālaṃ okāsakammaṃ kātuṃ.
「尊者,具足多少支的比库令作别住甘马时,不应作别住甘马?」「伍巴离,具足五支的比库令作别住甘马时,不应作别住甘马。哪五种?无惭,愚痴,未调伏,说话是为了驱摈的意图,不是为了出罪的意图——伍巴离,具足这五支的比库令作别住甘马时,不应作别住甘马。」
‘‘Pañcahupāli, aṅgehi samannāgatassa bhikkhuno okāsakammaṃ kārāpentassa alaṃ okāsakammaṃ kātuṃ. Katamehi pañcahi? Lajjī ca hoti, paṇḍito ca, pakatatto ca, vuṭṭhānādhippāyo vattā hoti, no cāvanādhippāyo – imehi kho, upāli, pañcahaṅgehi samannāgatassa bhikkhuno okāsakammaṃ kārāpentassa alaṃ okāsakammaṃ kātu’’nti.
「伍巴离,具足五支的比库令作别住甘马时,应作别住甘马。哪五种?有惭,贤智,已调伏,说话是为了出罪的意图,不是为了驱摈的意图——伍巴离,具足这五支的比库令作别住甘马时,应作别住甘马。」
§431
‘‘Katihi nu kho, bhante, aṅgehi samannāgatena bhikkhunā saddhiṃ vinayo na sākacchitabbo’’ti? ‘‘Pañcahupāli, aṅgehi samannāgatena bhikkhunā saddhiṃ vinayo na sākacchitabbo. Katamehi pañcahi? Vatthuṃ na jānāti, nidānaṃ na jānāti, paññattiṃ na jānāti, padapaccābhaṭṭhaṃ na jānāti, anusandhivacanapathaṃ na jānāti – imehi kho, upāli, pañcahaṅgehi samannāgatena bhikkhunā saddhiṃ vinayo na sākacchitabbo.
「尊者,具足多少支的比库不应与之讨论律呢?」「伍巴离,具足五支的比库不应与之讨论律。哪五支呢?不知事,不知因缘,不知制定,不知逐字解释,不知连接语句之道——伍巴离,具足这五支的比库不应与之讨论律。」
‘‘Pañcahupāli, aṅgehi samannāgatena bhikkhunā saddhiṃ vinayo sākacchitabbo. Katamehi pañcahi? Vatthuṃ jānāti, nidānaṃ jānāti, paññattiṃ jānāti, padapaccābhaṭṭhaṃ jānāti, anusandhivacanapathaṃ jānāti – imehi kho, upāli, pañcahaṅgehi samannāgatena bhikkhunā saddhiṃ vinayo sākacchitabbo’’ti.
「伍巴离,具足五支的比库应与之讨论律。哪五支呢?知事,知因缘,知制定,知逐字解释,知连接语句之道——伍巴离,具足这五支的比库应与之讨论律。」
§432
‘‘Kati nu kho, bhante, pañhāpucchā’’ti? ‘‘Pañcimā, upāli, pañhāpucchā. Katamā pañca? Mandattā momūhattā pañhaṃ pucchati, pāpiccho icchāpakato pañhaṃ pucchati, paribhavā pañhaṃ pucchati , aññātukāmo pañhaṃ pucchati, sace me pañhaṃ puṭṭho sammadeva byākarissati iccetaṃ kusalaṃ no ce pañhaṃ puṭṭho sammadeva byākarissati ahamassa sammadeva byākarissāmīti pañhaṃ pucchati – imā kho, upāli, pañca pañhāpucchā’’ti.
「尊者,有多少种问问题呢?」「伍巴离,有这五种问问题。哪五种呢?因愚钝、痴迷而问问题,因恶欲、为欲所牵引而问问题,因轻蔑而问问题,因想要了知而问问题,『如果他被我问了问题能正确地解答,这是善的;如果他被问了问题不能正确地解答,我将为他正确地解答』而问问题——伍巴离,这是五种问问题。」
§433
‘‘Kati nu kho, bhante, aññabyākaraṇā’’ti? ‘‘Pañcime, upāli, aññabyākaraṇā. Katame pañca? Mandattā momūhattā aññaṃ byākaroti, pāpiccho icchāpakato aññaṃ byākaroti, ummādā cittakkhepā aññaṃ byākaroti , adhimānena aññaṃ byākaroti, bhūtaṃ aññaṃ byākaroti – ime kho, upāli, pañca aññabyākaraṇā’’ti.
「尊者,有多少种错误的解答呢?」「伍巴离,有这五种错误的解答。哪五种呢?因愚钝、痴迷而作错误的解答,因恶欲、为欲所牵引而作错误的解答,因疯狂、心乱而作错误的解答,因增上慢而作错误的解答,实际上作错误的解答——伍巴离,这是五种错误的解答。」
§434
‘‘Kati nu kho, bhante, visuddhiyo’’ti? ‘‘Pañcimā, upāli, visuddhiyo. Katamā pañca? Nidānaṃ uddisitvā avasesaṃ sutena sāvetabbaṃ ayaṃ paṭhamā visuddhi, nidānaṃ uddisitvā cattāri pārājikāni uddisitvā avasesaṃ sutena sāvetabbaṃ ayaṃ dutiyā visuddhi, nidānaṃ uddisitvā cattāri pārājikāni uddisitvā terasa saṅghādisese uddisitvā avasesaṃ sutena sāvetabbaṃ ayaṃ tatiyā visuddhi, nidānaṃ uddisitvā cattāri pārājikāni uddisitvā terasa saṅghādisese uddisitvā dve aniyate uddisitvā avasesaṃ sutena sāvetabbaṃ ayaṃ catutthā visuddhi, vitthāreneva pañcamī – imā kho, upāli, pañca visuddhiyo’’ti.
「尊者,有多少种清净呢?」「伍巴离,有这五种清净。哪五种呢?诵出因缘后,其余的应以听闻使之了知,这是第一种清净;诵出因缘后,诵出四巴拉基咖后,其余的应以听闻使之了知,这是第二种清净;诵出因缘后,诵出四巴拉基咖后,诵出十三桑喀地谢萨后,其余的应以听闻使之了知,这是第三种清净;诵出因缘后,诵出四巴拉基咖后,诵出十三桑喀地谢萨后,诵出二不定后,其余的应以听闻使之了知,这是第四种清净;详细地诵出即是第五种——伍巴离,这是五种清净。」
§435
‘‘Kati nu kho, bhante, bhojanā’’ti? ‘‘Pañcime, upāli, bhojanā . Katame pañca? Odano, kummāso, sattu, maccho, maṃsaṃ – ime kho, upāli, pañca bhojanā’’ti.
「尊者,有多少种食物呢?」「伍巴离,有这五种食物。哪五种呢?饭、豆粥、炒粮、鱼、肉——伍巴离,这是五种食物。」
Diṭṭhāvikammavaggo niṭṭhito catuttho. · 见不作甘马品完第四
Tassuddānaṃ – · 其偈颂
Diṭṭhāvikammā apare, paṭiggahānatirittā;
见行、其他的、接受与过量;
Pavāraṇā paṭiññātaṃ, okāsaṃ sākacchena ca;
自恣、承诺、机会与讨论。
Pañhaṃ aññabyākaraṇā, visuddhi cāpi bhojanāti.
问的另一种解答,以及食物的清净。
5. Attādānavaggo5. 自取品
§436
‘‘Codakena, bhante, bhikkhunā paraṃ codetukāmena kati dhamme ajjhattaṃ paccavekkhitvā paro codetabbo’’ti? ‘‘Codakenupāli, bhikkhunā paraṃ codetukāmena pañca dhamme ajjhattaṃ paccavekkhitvā paro codetabbo. Katame pañca? Codakenupāli, bhikkhunā paraṃ codetukāmena evaṃ paccavekkhitabbaṃ – parisuddhakāyasamācāro nu khomhi, parisuddhenamhi kāyasamācārena samannāgato acchiddena appaṭimaṃsena, saṃvijjati nu kho me eso dhammo udāhu no’’ti. No ce, upāli, bhikkhu parisuddhakāyasamācāro hoti, parisuddhena kāyasamācārena samannāgato acchiddena appaṭimaṃsena, tassa bhavanti vattāro – ‘iṅgha, tāva āyasmā kāyikaṃ sikkhassū’ti itissa bhavanti vattāro.
「尊者,想要举罪他人的举罪比库,应省察自己内在的多少法后才举罪他人?」「伍巴离,想要举罪他人的举罪比库,应省察自己内在的五法后才举罪他人。哪五种?伍巴离,想要举罪他人的举罪比库应如此省察:『我是身行清净者吗?我具足清净的身行,无缺、无瑕吗?我有这个法吗,还是没有?』伍巴离,如果比库不是身行清净者,不具足清净的身行,无缺、无瑕,他们会对他说:『来吧,具寿先学习身的(戒行)吧!』他们会对他这样说。
‘‘Puna caparaṃ, upāli, codakena bhikkhunā paraṃ codetukāmena evaṃ paccavekkhitabbaṃ – ‘parisuddhavacīsamācāro nu khomhi, parisuddhenamhi vacīsamācārena samannāgato acchiddena appaṭimaṃsena, saṃvijjati nu kho me eso dhammo udāhu no’ti. No ce, upāli, bhikkhu parisuddhavacīsamācāro hoti, parisuddhena vacīsamācārena samannāgato acchiddena appaṭimaṃsena, tassa bhavanti vattāro – ‘iṅgha, tāva āyasmā vācasikaṃ sikkhassū’ti itissa bhavanti vattāro.
「再者,伍巴离,想要举罪他人的举罪比库应如此省察:『我是语行清净者吗?我具足清净的语行,无缺、无瑕吗?我有这个法吗,还是没有?』伍巴离,如果比库不是语行清净者,不具足清净的语行,无缺、无瑕,他们会对他说:『来吧,具寿先学习语的(戒行)吧!』他们会对他这样说。
‘‘Puna caparaṃ, upāli, codakena bhikkhunā paraṃ codetukāmena evaṃ paccavekkhitabbaṃ – ‘mettaṃ nu kho me cittaṃ paccupaṭṭhitaṃ sabrahmacārīsu anāghātaṃ, saṃvijjati nu kho me eso dhammo udāhu no’ti. No ce, upāli, bhikkhuno mettaṃ cittaṃ paccupaṭṭhitaṃ hoti sabrahmacārīsu anāghātaṃ, tassa bhavanti vattāro – ‘iṅgha, tāva āyasmā sabrahmacārīsu mettaṃ cittaṃ upaṭṭhāpehī’ti itissa bhavanti vattāro.
「再者,伍巴离,想要举罪他人的举罪比库应如此省察:『我对同梵行者现起慈心、无嗔恨吗?我有这个法吗,还是没有?』伍巴离,如果比库对同梵行者没有现起慈心、无嗔恨,他们会对他说:『来吧,具寿先对同梵行者建立慈心吧!』他们会对他这样说。
‘‘Puna caparaṃ, upāli, codakena bhikkhunā paraṃ codetukāmena evaṃ paccavekkhitabbaṃ – ‘bahussuto nu khomhi sutadharo sutasannicayo, ye te dhammā ādikalyāṇā majjhekalyāṇā pariyosānakalyāṇā sātthaṃ sabyañjanaṃ kevalaparipuṇṇaṃ parisuddhaṃ brahmacariyaṃ abhivadanti, tathārūpā me dhammā bahussutā honti dhātā vacasā paricitā manasānupekkhitā diṭṭhiyā suppaṭividdhā, saṃvijjati nu kho me eso dhammo udāhu no’ti. No ce, upāli, bhikkhu bahussuto hoti sutadharo sutasannicayo, ye te dhammā ādikalyāṇā majjhekalyāṇā pariyosānakalyāṇā sātthaṃ sabyañjanaṃ kevalaparipuṇṇaṃ parisuddhaṃ brahmacariyaṃ abhivadanti, tathārūpassa dhammā na bahussutā honti dhātā vacasā paricitā manasānupekkhitā diṭṭhiyā suppaṭividdhā, tassa bhavanti vattāro – ‘iṅgha, tāva āyasmā āgamaṃ pariyāpuṇassū’ti itissa bhavanti vattāro.
「再者,伍巴离,想要举罪他人的举罪比库应如此省察:『我是多闻者、持法者、积聚所闻者吗?那些初善、中善、后善,有义、有文,宣说完全圆满、清净的梵行的诸法,这样的诸法我多闻、受持、以语熟习、以意思惟、以见善通达吗?我有这个法吗,还是没有?』伍巴离,如果比库不是多闻者、持法者、积聚所闻者,那些初善、中善、后善,有义、有文,宣说完全圆满、清净的梵行的诸法,这样的诸法他没有多闻、受持、以语熟习、以意思惟、以见善通达,他们会对他说:『来吧,具寿先学习圣典吧!』他们会对他这样说。
‘‘Puna caparaṃ, upāli, codakena bhikkhunā paraṃ codetukāmena evaṃ paccavekkhitabbaṃ – ‘ubhayāni kho me pātimokkhāni vitthārena svāgatāni honti suvibhattāni suppavattīni suvinicchitāni suttaso anubyañjanaso, saṃvijjati nu kho me eso dhammo udāhu no’ti. No ce, upāli, bhikkhuno ubhayāni pātimokkhāni vitthārena svāgatāni honti suvibhattāni suppavattīni suvinicchitāni suttaso anubyañjanaso, ‘idaṃ panāvuso kattha vuttaṃ bhagavatā’ti iti puṭṭho na sampāyati , tassa bhavanti vattāro – ‘iṅgha, tāva āyasmā vinayaṃ pariyāpuṇassū’ti itissa bhavanti vattāro. Codakenupāli, bhikkhunā paraṃ codetukāmena ime pañca dhamme ajjhattaṃ paccavekkhitvā paro codetabbo’’ti.
「再者,伍巴离,想要举罪他人的举罪比库应如此省察:『我对两部巴帝摩卡详细地善学、分别论、善通晓、善决择,依经文、依字句吗?我有这个法吗,还是没有?』伍巴离,如果比库对两部巴帝摩卡没有详细地善学、分别论、善通晓、善决择,依经文、依字句,当被问『贤友,这在哪里被世尊所说?』时不能回答,他们会对他说:『来吧,具寿先学习律吧!』他们会对他这样说。伍巴离,想要举罪他人的举罪比库,应省察自己内在的这五法后才举罪他人。」
§437
‘‘Codakena, bhante, bhikkhunā paraṃ codetukāmena kati dhamme ajjhattaṃ upaṭṭhāpetvā paro codetabbo’’ti? ‘‘Codakenupāli, bhikkhunā paraṃ codetukāmena pañca dhamme ajjhattaṃ upaṭṭhāpetvā paro codetabbo. Katame pañca? Kālena vakkhāmi no akālena , bhūtena vakkhāmi no abhūtena, saṇhena vakkhāmi no pharusena, atthasaṃhitena vakkhāmi no anatthasaṃhitena, mettācitto vakkhāmi no dosantaroti – codakenupāli, bhikkhunā paraṃ codetukāmena ime pañca dhamme ajjhattaṃ upaṭṭhāpetvā paro codetabbo’’ti.
「尊者,想要举罪他人的举罪比库,应建立自己内在的多少法后才举罪他人?」「伍巴离,想要举罪他人的举罪比库,应建立自己内在的五法后才举罪他人。哪五种?我将在适时说,不在非时;我将说真实,不说虚妄;我将柔和地说,不粗暴地说;我将说有益的,不说无益的;我将以慈心说,不以内怀嗔恨。伍巴离,想要举罪他人的举罪比库,应建立自己内在的这五法后才举罪他人。」
§438
‘‘Codakena, bhante, bhikkhunā paraṃ codetukāmena kati dhamme ajjhattaṃ manasi karitvā paro codetabbo’’ti? ‘‘Codakenupāli, bhikkhunā paraṃ codetukāmena pañca dhamme ajjhattaṃ manasi karitvā paro codetabbo. Katame pañca? Kāruññatā, hitesitā, anukampatā, āpattivuṭṭhānatā, vinayapurekkhāratā – codakenupāli, bhikkhunā paraṃ codetukāmena ime pañca dhamme ajjhattaṃ manasi karitvā paro codetabbo’’ti.
「尊者,想要举罪他人的举罪比库,应作意自己内在的多少法后才举罪他人?」「伍巴离,想要举罪他人的举罪比库,应作意自己内在的五法后才举罪他人。哪五种?悲悯、求利益、怜愍、令出罪、以律为先。伍巴离,想要举罪他人的举罪比库,应作意自己内在的这五法后才举罪他人。」
§439
‘‘Katihi nu kho, bhante, aṅgehi samannāgatassa bhikkhuno okāsakammaṃ kārāpentassa nālaṃ okāsakammaṃ kātu’’nti? ‘‘Pañcahupāli, aṅgehi samannāgatassa bhikkhuno okāsakammaṃ kārāpentassa nālaṃ okāsakammaṃ kātuṃ. Katamehi pañcahi? Aparisuddhakāyasamācāro hoti , aparisuddhavacīsamācāro hoti, aparisuddhājīvo hoti, bālo hoti abyatto, na paṭibalo anuyuñjiyamāno anuyogaṃ dātuṃ – imehi kho, upāli, pañcahaṅgehi samannāgatassa bhikkhuno okāsakammaṃ kārāpentassa nālaṃ okāsakammaṃ kātuṃ.
「尊者!具足多少支的比库,令其作别住甘马时,不适合作别住甘马?」「伍巴离!具足五支的比库,令其作别住甘马时,不适合作别住甘马。哪五种?身行不清净,语行不清净,邪命不清净,愚钝无能,不能在被质问时作答辩——伍巴离!具足这五支的比库,令其作别住甘马时,不适合作别住甘马。」
‘‘Pañcahupāli , aṅgehi samannāgatassa bhikkhuno okāsakammaṃ kārāpentassa alaṃ okāsakammaṃ kātuṃ. Katamehi pañcahi? Parisuddhakāyasamācāro hoti, parisuddhavacīsamācāro hoti, parisuddhājīvo hoti, paṇḍito hoti byatto paṭibalo anuyuñjiyamāno anuyogaṃ dātuṃ – imehi kho, upāli, pañcahaṅgehi samannāgatassa bhikkhuno okāsakammaṃ kārāpentassa alaṃ okāsakammaṃ kātu’’nti.
「伍巴离!具足五支的比库,令其作别住甘马时,适合作别住甘马。哪五种?身行清净,语行清净,活命清净,贤智有能,能在被质问时作答辩——伍巴离!具足这五支的比库,令其作别住甘马时,适合作别住甘马。」
§440
‘‘Attādānaṃ ādātukāmena, bhante, bhikkhunā katihaṅgehi samannāgataṃ attādānaṃ ādātabba’’nti? ‘‘Attādānaṃ ādātukāmenupāli, bhikkhunā pañcaṅgasamannāgataṃ attādānaṃ ādātabbaṃ. Katame pañca ? Attādānaṃ ādātukāmena, upāli, bhikkhunā evaṃ paccavekkhitabbaṃ – ‘yaṃ kho ahaṃ imaṃ attādānaṃ ādātukāmo, kālo nu kho imaṃ attādānaṃ ādātuṃ udāhu no’ti. Sace, upāli, bhikkhu paccavekkhamāno evaṃ jānāti – ‘akālo imaṃ attādānaṃ ādātuṃ no kālo’ti, na taṃ, upāli, attādānaṃ ādātabbaṃ.
「尊者!想要提出申诉的比库,应具足多少支而提出申诉?」「伍巴离!想要提出申诉的比库,应具足五支而提出申诉。哪五种?伍巴离!想要提出申诉的比库,应如此省察:『我想要提出这申诉,现在是提出这申诉的时机,还是不是?』伍巴离!如果比库省察后如此知道:『这不是提出申诉的时机,不是时机』,伍巴离!那申诉不应提出。」
‘‘Sace panupāli, bhikkhu paccavekkhamāno evaṃ jānāti – ‘kālo imaṃ attādānaṃ ādātuṃ no akālo’ti, tenupāli bhikkhunā uttari paccavekkhitabbaṃ – ‘yaṃ kho ahaṃ imaṃ attādānaṃ ādātukāmo bhūtaṃ nu kho idaṃ attādānaṃ udāhu no’ti. Sace, upāli, bhikkhu paccavekkhamāno evaṃ jānāti – ‘abhūtaṃ idaṃ attādānaṃ no bhūta’nti, na taṃ, upāli, attādānaṃ ādātabbaṃ.
「但是,伍巴离!如果比库省察后如此知道:『这是提出申诉的时机,不是非时机』,伍巴离!那比库应进一步省察:『我想要提出这申诉,这申诉是真实的,还是不是?』伍巴离!如果比库省察后如此知道:『这申诉是不真实的,不是真实的』,伍巴离!那申诉不应提出。」
‘‘Sace panupāli bhikkhu paccavekkhamāno evaṃ jānāti – ‘bhūtaṃ idaṃ attādānaṃ no abhūta’nti, tenupāli bhikkhunā uttari paccavekkhitabbaṃ – ‘yaṃ kho ahaṃ imaṃ attādānaṃ ādātukāmo, atthasaṃhitaṃ nu kho idaṃ attādānaṃ udāhu no’ti. Sace, upāli, bhikkhu paccavekkhamāno evaṃ jānāti –’ anatthasaṃhitaṃ idaṃ attādānaṃ no atthasaṃhita’nti, na taṃ, upāli, attādānaṃ ādātabbaṃ.
「但是,伍巴离!如果比库省察后如此知道:『这申诉是真实的,不是不真实的』,伍巴离!那比库应进一步省察:『我想要提出这申诉,这申诉是有利益的,还是不是?』伍巴离!如果比库省察后如此知道:『这申诉是无利益的,不是有利益的』,伍巴离!那申诉不应提出。」
‘‘Sace panupāli bhikkhu paccavekkhamāno evaṃ jānāti – ‘atthasaṃhitaṃ idaṃ attādānaṃ no anatthasaṃhita’nti, tenupāli bhikkhunā uttari paccavekkhitabbaṃ – ‘imaṃ kho ahaṃ attādānaṃ ādiyamāno labhissāmi sandiṭṭhe sambhatte bhikkhū dhammato vinayato pakkhe udāhu no’ti. Sace, upāli, bhikkhu paccavekkhamāno evaṃ jānāti – ‘imaṃ kho ahaṃ attādānaṃ ādiyamāno na labhissāmi sandiṭṭhe sambhatte bhikkhū dhammato vinayato pakkhe’ti, na taṃ, upāli, attādānaṃ ādātabbaṃ.
「但是,伍巴离!如果比库省察后如此知道:『这申诉是有利益的,不是无利益的』,伍巴离!那比库应进一步省察:『我提出这申诉时,能否在现前的集会中,从法与律方面获得比库们的支持,还是不能?』伍巴离!如果比库省察后如此知道:『我提出这申诉时,不能在现前的集会中,从法与律方面获得比库们的支持』,伍巴离!那申诉不应提出。」
‘‘Sace panupāli bhikkhu paccavekkhamāno evaṃ jānāti – ‘idaṃ kho ahaṃ attādānaṃ ādiyamāno labhissāmi sandiṭṭhe sambhatte bhikkhū dhammato vinayato pakkhe’ti, tenupāli bhikkhunā uttari paccavekkhitabbaṃ – ‘imaṃ kho me attādānaṃ ādiyato bhavissati saṅghassa tatonidānaṃ bhaṇḍanaṃ kalaho viggaho vivādo saṅghabhedo saṅgharāji saṅghavavatthānaṃ saṅghanānākaraṇaṃ udāhu no’ti. Sace, upāli, bhikkhu paccavekkhamāno evaṃ jānāti – ‘imaṃ kho me attādānaṃ ādiyato bhavissati saṅghassa tatonidānaṃ bhaṇḍanaṃ kalaho viggaho vivādo saṅghabhedo saṅgharāji saṅghavavatthānaṃ saṅghanānākaraṇa’nti, na taṃ, upāli, attādānaṃ ādātabbaṃ.
「但是,伍巴离!如果比库省察后如此知道:『我提出这申诉时,能在现前的集会中,从法与律方面获得比库们的支持』,伍巴离!那比库应进一步省察:『我提出这申诉时,会不会因此而使僧团产生争论、争吵、争执、诤讼、僧团破裂、僧团分裂、僧团分离、僧团分化,还是不会?』伍巴离!如果比库省察后如此知道:『我提出这申诉时,会因此而使僧团产生争论、争吵、争执、诤讼、僧团破裂、僧团分裂、僧团分离、僧团分化』,伍巴离!那申诉不应提出。」
‘‘Sace panupāli bhikkhu paccavekkhamāno evaṃ jānāti – ‘imaṃ kho me attādānaṃ ādiyato na bhavissati saṅghassa tatonidānaṃ bhaṇḍanaṃ kalaho viggaho vivādo saṅghabhedo saṅgharāji saṅghavavatthānaṃ saṅghanānākaraṇa’nti, taṃ ādātabbaṃ, upāli, attādānaṃ. Evaṃ pañcaṅgasamannāgataṃ kho, upāli, attādānaṃ ādinnaṃ pacchāpi avippaṭisārakaraṃ bhavissatī’’ti.
「但是,伍巴离!如果比库省察后如此知道:『我提出这申诉时,不会因此而使僧团产生争论、争吵、争执、诤讼、僧团破裂、僧团分裂、僧团分离、僧团分化』,伍巴离!那申诉应该提出。伍巴离!如此具足五支而提出的申诉,之后也将不会令人后悔。」
§441
‘‘Katihi nu kho, bhante, aṅgehi samannāgato bhikkhu adhikaraṇajātānaṃ bhikkhūnaṃ bahūpakāro hotī’’ti? ‘‘Pañcahupāli, aṅgehi samannāgato bhikkhu adhikaraṇajātānaṃ bhikkhūnaṃ bahūpakāro hoti. Katamehi pañcahi? Sīlavā hoti, pātimokkhasaṃvarasaṃvuto viharati ācāragocarasampanno aṇumattesu vajjesu bhayadassāvī, samādāya sikkhati sikkhāpadesu; bahussuto hoti sutadharo sutasannicayo; ye te dhammā ādikalyāṇā majjhekalyāṇā pariyosānakalyāṇā sātthaṃ sabyañjanaṃ kevalaparipuṇṇaṃ parisuddhaṃ brahmacariyaṃ abhivadanti tathārūpassa dhammā bahussutā honti dhātā vacasā paricitā manasānupekkhitā diṭṭhiyā suppaṭividdhā, ubhayāni kho panassa pātimokkhāni vitthārena svāgatāni honti suvibhattāni suppavattīni suvinicchitāni suttaso anubyañjanaso; vinaye kho pana ṭhito hoti asaṃhīro; paṭibalo hoti ubho atthapaccatthike assāsetuṃ saññāpetuṃ nijjhāpetuṃ pekkhetuṃ pasādetuṃ – imehi kho, upāli, pañcahaṅgehi samannāgato bhikkhu adhikaraṇajātānaṃ bhikkhūnaṃ bahūpakāro hoti.
「尊者,具足多少支的比库,对于诤事生起的诸比库有大利益呢?」「伍巴离,具足五支的比库,对于诤事生起的诸比库有大利益。哪五支呢?他有戒,以巴帝摩卡律仪防护而住,具足行与行处,于微细的罪中见怖畏,受持学习于诸学处;他多闻,持所闻,积集所闻;凡那些法初善、中善、后善,有义、有文,宣说纯一圆满清净的梵行,如是诸法他多闻、忆持、以语熟习、以意观察、以见善通达;他的两部巴帝摩卡详细地善受持,分别论,善通晓,善决择,依经与依文;他住立于律中而不动摇;他能够安慰、劝导、教诫、观察、使欢喜双方的有利与有害者——伍巴离,具足这五支的比库,对于诤事生起的诸比库有大利益。」
‘‘Aparehipi , upāli, pañcahaṅgehi samannāgato bhikkhu adhikaraṇajātānaṃ bhikkhūnaṃ bahūpakāro hoti. Katamehi pañcahi? Parisuddhakāyasamācāro hoti, parisuddhavacīsamācāro hoti, parisuddhājīvo hoti, paṇḍito hoti byatto, paṭibalo anuyuñjiyamāno anuyogaṃ dātuṃ – imehi kho, upāli, pañcahaṅgehi samannāgato bhikkhu adhikaraṇajātānaṃ bhikkhūnaṃ bahūpakāro hoti.
「伍巴离,又具足另外五支的比库,对于诤事生起的诸比库有大利益。哪五支呢?他身行清净,语行清净,活命清净,他是贤智者、聪慧者,能够在被质问时给予解答——伍巴离,具足这五支的比库,对于诤事生起的诸比库有大利益。」
‘‘Aparehipi, upāli, pañcahaṅgehi samannāgato bhikkhu adhikaraṇajātānaṃ bhikkhūnaṃ bahūpakāro hoti. Katamehi pañcahi? Vatthuṃ jānāti, nidānaṃ jānāti, paññattiṃ jānāti , padapaccābhaṭṭhaṃ jānāti, anusandhivacanapathaṃ jānāti – imehi kho, upāli, pañcahaṅgehi samannāgato bhikkhu adhikaraṇajātānaṃ bhikkhūnaṃ bahūpakāro hotī’’ti.
「伍巴离,又具足另外五支的比库,对于诤事生起的诸比库有大利益。哪五支呢?他知事,知因缘,知制定,知句义,知连接语句之道——伍巴离,具足这五支的比库,对于诤事生起的诸比库有大利益。」
§442
‘‘Katihi nu kho, bhante, aṅgehi samannāgatena bhikkhunā nānuyuñjitabba’’nti? ‘‘Pañcahupāli, aṅgehi samannāgatena bhikkhunā nānuyuñjitabbaṃ. Katamehi pañcahi? Suttaṃ na jānāti, suttānulomaṃ na jānāti, vinayaṃ na jānāti, vinayānulomaṃ na jānāti, na ca ṭhānāṭhānakusalo hoti – imehi kho, upāli, pañcahaṅgehi samannāgatena bhikkhunā nānuyuñjitabbaṃ.
「尊者,具足多少支的比库不应被质问呢?」「伍巴离,具足五支的比库不应被质问。哪五支呢?他不知经,不知随顺经,不知律,不知随顺律,不善巧处与非处——伍巴离,具足这五支的比库不应被质问。」
‘‘Pañcahupāli, aṅgehi samannāgatena bhikkhunā anuyuñjitabbaṃ. Katamehi pañcahi? Suttaṃ jānāti, suttānulomaṃ jānāti, vinayaṃ jānāti, vinayānulomaṃ jānāti, ṭhānāṭhānakusalo ca hoti – imehi kho, upāli, pañcahaṅgehi samannāgatena bhikkhunā anuyuñjitabbaṃ.
「伍巴离,具足五支的比库应被质问。哪五支呢?他知经,知随顺经,知律,知随顺律,善巧处与非处——伍巴离,具足这五支的比库应被质问。」
‘‘Aparehipi, upāli, pañcahaṅgehi samannāgatena bhikkhunā nānuyuñjitabbaṃ. Katamehi pañcahi? Dhammaṃ na jānāti, dhammānulomaṃ na jānāti, vinayaṃ na jānāti, vinayānulomaṃ na jānāti, na ca pubbāparakusalo hoti – imehi kho, upāli, pañcahaṅgehi samannāgatena bhikkhunā nānuyuñjitabbaṃ.
「伍巴离,又具足另外五支的比库不应被质问。哪五支呢?他不知法,不知随顺法,不知律,不知随顺律,不善巧前后——伍巴离,具足这五支的比库不应被质问。」
‘‘Pañcahupāli, aṅgehi samannāgatena bhikkhunā anuyuñjitabbaṃ. Katamehi pañcahi? Dhammaṃ jānāti, dhammānulomaṃ jānāti, vinayaṃ jānāti, vinayānulomaṃ jānāti, pubbāparakusalo ca hoti – imehi kho, upāli, pañcahaṅgehi samannāgatena bhikkhunā anuyuñjitabbaṃ.
「伍巴离,具足五支的比库应被质问。哪五支呢?他知法,知随顺法,知律,知随顺律,善巧前后——伍巴离,具足这五支的比库应被质问。」
‘‘Aparehipi, upāli, pañcahaṅgehi samannāgatena bhikkhunā nānuyuñjitabbaṃ. Katamehi pañcahi? Vatthuṃ na jānāti, nidānaṃ na jānāti, paññattiṃ na jānāti, padapaccābhaṭṭhaṃ na jānāti, anusandhivacanapathaṃ na jānāti – imehi kho, upāli, pañcahaṅgehi samannāgatena bhikkhunā nānuyuñjitabbaṃ.
「伍巴离,又具足另外五支的比库不应被质问。哪五支呢?他不知事,不知因缘,不知制定,不知句义,不知连接语句之道——伍巴离,具足这五支的比库不应被质问。」
‘‘Pañcahupāli, aṅgehi samannāgatena bhikkhunā anuyuñjitabbaṃ. Katamehi pañcahi? Vatthuṃ jānāti, nidānaṃ jānāti, paññattiṃ jānāti, padapaccābhaṭṭhaṃ jānāti, anusandhivacanapathaṃ jānāti – imehi kho, upāli, pañcahaṅgehi samannāgatena bhikkhunā anuyuñjitabbaṃ.
「伍巴离,具足五支的比库应当被询问。哪五支?知道事,知道因缘,知道制定,知道句子的对应,知道连接语句的方法——伍巴离,具足这五支的比库应当被询问。
‘‘Aparehipi, upāli, pañcahaṅgehi samannāgatena bhikkhunā nānuyuñjitabbaṃ. Katamehi pañcahi? Āpattiṃ na jānāti, āpattisamuṭṭhānaṃ na jānāti, āpattiyā payogaṃ na jānāti, āpattiyā vūpasamaṃ na jānāti, āpattiyā na vinicchayakusalo hoti – imehi kho, upāli, pañcahaṅgehi samannāgatena bhikkhunā nānuyuñjitabbaṃ.
「伍巴离,具足另外五支的比库不应当被询问。哪五支?不知道罪,不知道罪的生起,不知道罪的方便,不知道罪的止息,不善巧罪的判决——伍巴离,具足这五支的比库不应当被询问。
‘‘Pañcahupāli, aṅgehi samannāgatena bhikkhunā anuyuñjitabbaṃ. Katamehi pañcahi? Āpattiṃ jānāti, āpattisamuṭṭhānaṃ jānāti, āpattiyā payogaṃ jānāti, āpattiyā vūpasamaṃ jānāti, āpattiyā vinicchayakusalo hoti – imehi kho, upāli, pañcahaṅgehi samannāgatena bhikkhunā anuyuñjitabbaṃ.
「伍巴离,具足五支的比库应当被询问。哪五支?知道罪,知道罪的生起,知道罪的方便,知道罪的止息,善巧罪的判决——伍巴离,具足这五支的比库应当被询问。
‘‘Aparehipi , upāli, pañcahaṅgehi samannāgatena bhikkhunā nānuyuñjitabbaṃ. Katamehi pañcahi? Adhikaraṇaṃ na jānāti, adhikaraṇasamuṭṭhānaṃ na jānāti, adhikaraṇassa payogaṃ na jānāti, adhikaraṇassa vūpasamaṃ na jānāti, adhikaraṇassa na vinicchayakusalo hoti – imehi kho, upāli, pañcahaṅgehi samannāgatena bhikkhunā nānuyuñjitabbaṃ.
「伍巴离,具足另外五支的比库不应当被询问。哪五支?不知道诤事,不知道诤事的生起,不知道诤事的方便,不知道诤事的止息,不善巧诤事的判决——伍巴离,具足这五支的比库不应当被询问。
‘‘Pañcahupāli, aṅgehi samannāgatena bhikkhunā anuyuñjitabbaṃ. Katamehi pañcahi? Adhikaraṇaṃ jānāti, adhikaraṇasamuṭṭhānaṃ jānāti, adhikaraṇassa payogaṃ jānāti, adhikaraṇassa vūpasamaṃ jānāti, adhikaraṇassa vinicchayakusalo hoti – imehi kho, upāli, pañcahaṅgehi samannāgatena bhikkhunā anuyuñjitabba’’nti.
「伍巴离,具足五支的比库应当被询问。哪五支?知道诤事,知道诤事的生起,知道诤事的方便,知道诤事的止息,善巧诤事的判决——伍巴离,具足这五支的比库应当被询问。」
Attādānavaggo niṭṭhito pañcamo. · 执取品完,第五
Tassuddānaṃ – · 其偈颂
Parisuddhañca kālena, kāruññaṃ okāsena ca;
适时清净,适时慈悯,
Attādānaṃ adhikaraṇaṃ, aparehipi vatthuñca;
自取、诤事,以及另外的事,
Suttaṃ dhammaṃ puna vatthuñca, āpatti adhikaraṇena cāti.
经、法、再者事,罪以及诤事。
6. Dhutaṅgavaggo6. 头陀支品
§443
‘‘Kati nu kho, bhante, āraññikā’’ti? ‘‘Pañcime, upāli, āraññikā . Katame pañca? Mandattā momūhattā āraññiko hoti, pāpiccho icchāpakato āraññiko hoti, ummādā cittakkhepā āraññiko hoti, vaṇṇitaṃ buddhehi buddhasāvakehīti āraññiko hoti, api ca appicchaññeva nissāya santuṭṭhiññeva nissāya – sallekhaññeva nissāya pavivekaññeva nissāya idamatthitaññeva nissāya āraññiko hoti – ime kho, upāli, pañca āraññikā’’ti.
「尊者,有多少种住阿兰若者?」「伍巴离,有这五种住阿兰若者。哪五种?因愚钝、痴迷而住阿兰若者,因恶欲、为欲所败而住阿兰若者,因疯狂、心乱而住阿兰若者,因被诸佛、诸佛弟子所赞叹而住阿兰若者,又依于少欲、依于知足、依于削减、依于远离、依于此义而住阿兰若者——伍巴离,这就是五种住阿兰若者。」
‘‘Kati nu kho, bhante, piṇḍapātikāti…pe… kati nu kho, bhante, paṃsukūlikāti…pe… kati nu kho, bhante, rukkhamūlikāti…pe… kati nu kho, bhante, sosānikāti…pe… kati nu kho, bhante, abbhokāsikāti…pe… kati nu kho, bhante, tecīvarikāti…pe… kati nu kho, bhante, sapadānacārikāti…pe… kati nu kho, bhante, nesajjikāti…pe… kati nu kho, bhante, yathāsanthatikāti…pe… kati nu kho, bhante, ekāsanikāti…pe… kati nu kho, bhante, khalupacchābhattikāti…pe… kati nu kho, bhante, pattapiṇḍikāti? Pañcime, upāli, pattapiṇḍikā. Katame pañca? Mandattā momūhattā pattapiṇḍiko hoti, pāpiccho icchāpakato pattapiṇḍiko hoti, ummādā cittakkhepā pattapiṇḍiko hoti, vaṇṇitaṃ buddhehi buddhasāvakehīti pattapiṇḍiko hoti, api ca appicchaññeva nissāya santuṭṭhiññeva nissāya sallekhaññeva nissāya pavivekaññeva nissāya idamatthitaññeva nissāya pattapiṇḍiko hoti – ime kho, upāli, pañca pattapiṇḍikā’’ti.
「尊者,有多少种行乞食者?」……「尊者,有多少种尘堆衣者?」……「尊者,有多少种树下住者?」……「尊者,有多少种冢间住者?」……「尊者,有多少种露地住者?」……「尊者,有多少种三衣者?」……「尊者,有多少种次第乞食者?」……「尊者,有多少种常坐不卧者?」……「尊者,有多少种随处住者?」……「尊者,有多少种一座食者?」……「尊者,有多少种时后不食者?」……「尊者,有多少种钵食者?」「伍巴离,有这五种钵食者。哪五种?因愚钝、痴迷而为钵食者,因恶欲、为欲所败而为钵食者,因疯狂、心乱而为钵食者,因被诸佛、诸佛弟子所赞叹而为钵食者,又依于少欲、依于知足、依于削减、依于远离、依于此义而为钵食者——伍巴离,这就是五种钵食者。」
Dhutaṅgavaggo niṭṭhito chaṭṭho. · 头陀支品完,第六
Tassuddānaṃ – · 其偈颂
Āraññiko piṇḍipaṃsu, rukkhasusānapañcamaṃ;
住阿兰若、乞食、尘堆衣,树下、冢间为第五;
Abbho tecīvarañceva, sapadānanesajjikā;
露地、三衣,次第乞食、常坐不卧;
Santhatekāsanañceva, khalupacchā pattapiṇḍikāti.
随处住、一座食,时后不食、钵食者。
7. Musāvādavaggo7. 妄语品
§444
‘‘Kati nu kho, bhante, musāvādā’’ti? ‘‘Pañcime, upāli, musāvādā. Katame pañca? Atthi musāvādo pārājikagāmī, atthi musāvādo saṅghādisesagāmī, atthi musāvādo thullaccayagāmī, atthi musāvādo pācittiyagāmī, atthi musāvādo dukkaṭagāmī – ime kho, upāli, pañca musāvādā’’ti.
「尊者,有多少种妄语?」「伍巴离,有这五种妄语。哪五种?有导致巴拉基咖的妄语,有导致桑喀地谢萨的妄语,有导致土喇吒亚的妄语,有导致巴吉帝亚的妄语,有导致恶作的妄语——伍巴离,这就是五种妄语。」
§445
‘‘Katihi nu kho, bhante, aṅgehi samannāgatassa bhikkhuno saṅghamajjhe uposathaṃ vā pavāraṇaṃ vā ṭhapentassa – ‘alaṃ, bhikkhu, mā bhaṇḍanaṃ, mā kalahaṃ, mā viggahaṃ, mā vivāda’nti omadditvā saṅghena uposatho vā pavāraṇā vā kātabbā’’ti? ‘‘Pañcahupāli, aṅgehi samannāgatassa bhikkhuno saṅghamajjhe uposathaṃ vā pavāraṇaṃ vā ṭhapentassa – ‘alaṃ, bhikkhu, mā bhaṇḍanaṃ, mā kalahaṃ, mā viggahaṃ, mā vivāda’nti omadditvā saṅghena uposatho vā pavāraṇā vā kātabbā. Katamehi pañcahi? Alajjī ca hoti, bālo ca, apakatatto ca, cāvanādhippāyo vattā hoti, no vuṭṭhānādhippāyo – imehi kho, upāli, pañcahaṅgehi samannāgatassa bhikkhuno saṅghamajjhe uposathaṃ vā pavāraṇaṃ vā ṭhapentassa – ‘alaṃ, bhikkhu, mā bhaṇḍanaṃ, mā kalahaṃ, mā viggahaṃ, mā vivāda’nti omadditvā saṅghena uposatho vā pavāraṇā vā kātabbā.
「尊者,具足多少支的比库在僧团中提出伍波萨他或自恣时,僧团应压制说『够了,比库,莫诤论、莫争吵、莫争执、莫诤讼』而行伍波萨他或自恣?」「伍巴离,具足五支的比库在僧团中提出伍波萨他或自恣时,僧团应压制说『够了,比库,莫诤论、莫争吵、莫争执、莫诤讼』而行伍波萨他或自恣。哪五种?无惭、愚痴、不感恩、说话意图驱摈而非意图出罪——伍巴离,具足这五支的比库在僧团中提出伍波萨他或自恣时,僧团应压制说『够了,比库,莫诤论、莫争吵、莫争执、莫诤讼』而行伍波萨他或自恣。
‘‘Aparehipi, upāli, pañcahaṅgehi samannāgatassa bhikkhuno saṅghamajjhe uposathaṃ vā pavāraṇaṃ vā ṭhapentassa – ‘alaṃ, bhikkhu, mā bhaṇḍanaṃ, mā kalahaṃ, mā viggahaṃ, mā vivāda’nti omadditvā saṅghena uposatho vā pavāraṇā vā kātabbā. Katamehi pañcahi? Aparisuddhakāyasamācāro hoti, aparisuddhavacīsamācāro hoti, aparisuddhājīvo hoti, bālo hoti abyatto, bhaṇḍanakārako hoti kalahakārako – imehi kho, upāli, pañcahaṅgehi samannāgatassa bhikkhuno saṅghamajjhe uposathaṃ vā pavāraṇaṃ vā ṭhapentassa – ‘alaṃ, bhikkhu, mā bhaṇḍanaṃ, mā kalahaṃ, mā viggahaṃ, mā vivāda’nti omadditvā saṅghena uposatho vā pavāraṇā vā kātabbā’’ti.
伍巴离,又具足另外五支的比库在僧团中提出伍波萨他或自恣时,僧团应压制说『够了,比库,莫诤论、莫争吵、莫争执、莫诤讼』而行伍波萨他或自恣。哪五种?身行不清净、语行不清净、活命不清净、愚痴无能、制造诤论、制造争吵——伍巴离,具足这五支的比库在僧团中提出伍波萨他或自恣时,僧团应压制说『够了,比库,莫诤论、莫争吵、莫争执、莫诤讼』而行伍波萨他或自恣。」
§446
‘‘Katihi nu kho, bhante, aṅgehi samannāgatassa bhikkhuno anuyogo na dātabbo’’ti? ‘‘Pañcahupāli, aṅgehi samannāgatassa bhikkhuno anuyogo na dātabbo. Katamehi pañcahi? Āpattānāpattiṃ na jānāti, lahukagarukaṃ āpattiṃ na jānāti, sāvasesānavasesaṃ āpattiṃ na jānāti, duṭṭhullāduṭṭhullaṃ āpattiṃ na jānāti, sappaṭikammāpaṭikammaṃ āpattiṃ na jānāti – imehi kho, upāli, pañcahaṅgehi samannāgatassa bhikkhuno anuyogo na dātabbo.
「尊者,具足多少支的比库不应给予追问?」「伍巴离,具足五支的比库不应给予追问。哪五支?不知犯与不犯,不知轻罪与重罪,不知有余与无余的罪,不知粗重与不粗重的罪,不知有对治与无对治的罪——伍巴离,具足这五支的比库不应给予追问。」
‘‘Pañcahupāli, aṅgehi samannāgatassa bhikkhuno anuyogo dātabbo. Katamehi pañcahi? Āpattānāpattiṃ jānāti, lahukagarukaṃ āpattiṃ jānāti, sāvasesānavasesaṃ āpattiṃ jānāti, duṭṭhullāduṭṭhullaṃ āpattiṃ jānāti, sappaṭikammāpaṭikammaṃ āpattiṃ jānāti – imehi kho, upāli, pañcahaṅgehi samannāgatassa bhikkhuno anuyogo dātabbo’’ti.
「伍巴离,具足五支的比库应给予追问。哪五支?知犯与不犯,知轻罪与重罪,知有余与无余的罪,知粗重与不粗重的罪,知有对治与无对治的罪——伍巴离,具足这五支的比库应给予追问。」
§447
‘‘Katihi nu kho, bhante, ākārehi bhikkhu āpattiṃ āpajjatī’’ti? ‘‘Pañcahupāli, ākārehi bhikkhu āpattiṃ āpajjati. Katamehi pañcahi? Alajjitā, aññāṇatā, kukkuccapakatatā, akappiye kappiyasaññitā, kappiye akappiyasaññitā – imehi kho, upāli, pañcahākārehi bhikkhu āpattiṃ āpajjati.
「尊者,比库以多少种相犯罪?」「伍巴离,比库以五种相犯罪。哪五种?由于无惭,由于无知,由于恶作性,于不如法作如法想,于如法作不如法想——伍巴离,比库以这五种相犯罪。」
‘‘Aparehipi, upāli, pañcahākārehi bhikkhu āpattiṃ āpajjati. Katamehi pañcahi ? Adassanena, assavanena, pasuttakatā, tathāsaññī, satisammosā – imehi kho, upāli, pañcahākārehi bhikkhu āpattiṃ āpajjatī’’ti.
「伍巴离,比库也以另外五种相犯罪。哪五种?由于不见,由于不闻,由于睡眠,如是想,由于失念——伍巴离,比库以这五种相犯罪。」
§448
‘‘Kati nu kho, bhante, verā’’ti? ‘‘Pañcime, upāli, verā. Katame pañca? Pāṇātipāto , adinnādānaṃ, kāmesumicchācāro, musāvādo, surāmerayamajjappamādaṭṭhānaṃ – ime kho, upāli, pañca verā’’ti.
「尊者,有多少怨?」「伍巴离,有这五种怨。哪五种?杀生,不与取,欲邪行,妄语,放逸之因的诸酒类——伍巴离,这是五种怨。」
‘‘Kati nu kho, bhante, veramaṇiyo’’ti? ‘‘Pañcimā, upāli, veramaṇiyo. Katamā pañca? Pāṇātipātā veramaṇī , adinnādānā veramaṇī, kāmesumicchācārā veramaṇī, musāvādā veramaṇī, surāmerayamajjappamādaṭṭhānā veramaṇī – imā kho, upāli, pañca veramaṇiyo’’ti.
「尊者,有多少离?」「伍巴离,有这五种离。哪五种?离杀生,离不与取,离欲邪行,离妄语,离放逸之因的诸酒类——伍巴离,这是五种离。」
§449
‘‘Kati nu kho, bhante, byasanānī’’ti? ‘‘Pañcimāni, upāli, byasanāni. Katamāni pañca? Ñātibyasanaṃ, bhogabyasanaṃ, rogabyasanaṃ, sīlabyasanaṃ, diṭṭhibyasanaṃ – imāni kho, upāli, pañca byasanānī’’ti.
「尊者,有多少衰损?」「伍巴离,有这五种衰损。哪五种?亲族衰损,财富衰损,疾病衰损,戒衰损,见衰损——伍巴离,这是五种衰损。」
‘‘Kati nu kho, bhante, sampadā’’ti? ‘‘Pañcimā, upāli, sampadā. Katamā pañca? Ñātisampadā, bhogasampadā, ārogyasampadā, sīlasampadā, diṭṭhisampadā – imā kho, upāli, pañca sampadā’’ti.
「尊者,有多少成就?」「伍巴离,有这五种成就。哪五种?亲族成就,财富成就,健康成就,戒成就,见成就——伍巴离,这是五种成就。」
Musāvādavaggo niṭṭhito sattamo. · 妄语品完,第七
Tassuddānaṃ – · 其偈颂
Musāvādo ca omaddi, aparehi anuyogo;
妄语被省略,以及被其他人追问;
Āpattiñca aparehi, verā veramaṇīpi ca;
以及被其他人的罪,以及怨恨与离怨恨;
Byasanaṃ sampadā ceva, sattamo vaggasaṅgahoti.
失败与成功,第七品的摄集。
8. Bhikkhunovādavaggo8. 比库教诫品
§450
‘‘Katihi nu kho, bhante, aṅgehi samannāgatassa bhikkhuno bhikkhunisaṅgheneva kammaṃ kātabba’’nti? ‘‘Pañcahupāli, aṅgehi samannāgatassa bhikkhuno bhikkhunisaṅgheneva kammaṃ kātabbaṃ, avandiyo so bhikkhu bhikkhunisaṅghena. Katamehi pañcahi? Vivaritvā kāyaṃ bhikkhunīnaṃ dasseti, ūruṃ dasseti, aṅgajātaṃ dasseti, ubho aṃsakūṭe dasseti, obhāsati, gihī sampayojeti – imehi kho, upāli, pañcahaṅgehi samannāgatassa bhikkhuno bhikkhunisaṅgheneva kammaṃ kātabbaṃ. Avandiyo so bhikkhu bhikkhunisaṅghena.
「尊者,具足多少支的比库,应由比库尼僧团作甘马?」「伍巴离,具足五支的比库,应由比库尼僧团作甘马,那位比库不应被比库尼僧团礼敬。哪五种?露出身体给比库尼们看,露出大腿给她们看,露出生殖器给她们看,露出两肩给她们看,拥抱,与在家人结合——伍巴离,具足这五支的比库,应由比库尼僧团作甘马。那位比库不应被比库尼僧团礼敬。
‘‘Aparehipi, upāli, pañcahaṅgehi samannāgatassa bhikkhuno bhikkhunisaṅgheneva kammaṃ kātabbaṃ, avandiyo so bhikkhu bhikkhunisaṅghena. Katamehi pañcahi? Bhikkhunīnaṃ alābhāya parisakkati, bhikkhunīnaṃ anatthāya parisakkati, bhikkhunīnaṃ avāsāya parisakkati, bhikkhuniyo akkosati paribhāsati, bhikkhū bhikkhunīhi bhedeti – imehi kho, upāli, pañcahaṅgehi samannāgatassa bhikkhuno bhikkhunisaṅgheneva kammaṃ kātabbaṃ, avandiyo so bhikkhu bhikkhunisaṅghena.
「伍巴离,又具足另外五支的比库,应由比库尼僧团作甘马,那位比库不应被比库尼僧团礼敬。哪五种?为了比库尼们的无利益而努力,为了比库尼们的无利而努力,为了比库尼们的无住处而努力,辱骂诽谤比库尼们,使比库们与比库尼们分裂——伍巴离,具足这五支的比库,应由比库尼僧团作甘马,那位比库不应被比库尼僧团礼敬。
‘‘Aparehipi, upāli, pañcahaṅgehi samannāgatassa bhikkhuno bhikkhunisaṅgheneva kammaṃ kātabbaṃ, avandiyo so bhikkhu bhikkhunisaṅghena. Katamehi pañcahi? Bhikkhunīnaṃ alābhāya parisakkati, bhikkhunīnaṃ anatthāya parisakkati, bhikkhunīnaṃ avāsāya parisakkati, bhikkhuniyo akkosati paribhāsati, bhikkhū bhikkhunīhi sampayojeti – imehi kho, upāli, pañcahaṅgehi samannāgatassa bhikkhuno bhikkhunisaṅgheneva kammaṃ kātabbaṃ, avandiyo so bhikkhu bhikkhunisaṅghenā’’ti.
「伍巴离,又具足另外五支的比库,应由比库尼僧团作甘马,那位比库不应被比库尼僧团礼敬。哪五种?为了比库尼们的无利益而努力,为了比库尼们的无利而努力,为了比库尼们的无住处而努力,辱骂诽谤比库尼们,使比库们与比库尼们结合——伍巴离,具足这五支的比库,应由比库尼僧团作甘马,那位比库不应被比库尼僧团礼敬。」
§451
‘‘Katihi nu kho, bhante, aṅgehi samannāgatāya bhikkhuniyā kammaṃ kātabba’’nti? Pañcahupāli, aṅgehi samannāgatāya bhikkhuniyā kammaṃ kātabbaṃ. Katamehi pañcahi? Vivaritvā kāyaṃ bhikkhūnaṃ dasseti, ūruṃ dasseti, aṅgajātaṃ dasseti, ubho aṃsakūṭe dasseti, obhāsati, gihī sampayojeti – imehi kho, upāli, pañcahaṅgehi samannāgatāya bhikkhuniyā kammaṃ kātabbaṃ.
「尊者,具足多少支的比库尼,应作甘马?」「伍巴离,具足五支的比库尼,应作甘马。哪五种?露出身体给比库们看,露出大腿给他们看,露出生殖器给他们看,露出两肩给他们看,拥抱,与在家人结合——伍巴离,具足这五支的比库尼,应作甘马。
‘‘Aparehipi , upāli, pañcahaṅgehi samannāgatāya bhikkhuniyā kammaṃ kātabbaṃ. Katamehi pañcahi? Bhikkhūnaṃ alābhāya parisakkati, bhikkhūnaṃ anatthāya parisakkati, bhikkhūnaṃ avāsāya parisakkati, bhikkhū akkosati paribhāsati, bhikkhuniyo bhikkhūhi bhedeti – imehi kho, upāli, pañcahaṅgehi samannāgatāya bhikkhuniyā kammaṃ kātabbaṃ.
「伍巴离,又具足另外五支的比库尼,应作甘马。哪五种?为了比库们的无利益而努力,为了比库们的无利而努力,为了比库们的无住处而努力,辱骂诽谤比库们,使比库尼们与比库们分裂——伍巴离,具足这五支的比库尼,应作甘马。
‘‘Aparehipi, upāli, pañcahaṅgehi samannāgatāya bhikkhuniyā kammaṃ kātabbaṃ. Katamehi pañcahi? Bhikkhūnaṃ alābhāya parisakkati, bhikkhūnaṃ anatthāya parisakkati, bhikkhūnaṃ avāsāya parisakkati, bhikkhū akkosati paribhāsati, bhikkhuniyo bhikkhūhi sampayojeti – imehi kho, upāli, pañcahaṅgehi samannāgatāya bhikkhuniyā kammaṃ kātabba’’nti.
「伍巴离,又,具足另外五支的比库尼应对她作甘马。哪五支?她努力于比库们的无利益,她努力于比库们的无利,她努力于比库们的无住处,她辱骂、诽谤比库们,她使比库尼们与比库们结合——伍巴离,具足这五支的比库尼应对她作甘马。」
§452
‘‘Katihi nu kho, bhante, aṅgehi samannāgatena bhikkhunā bhikkhunīnaṃ ovādo na ṭhapetabbo’’ti? ‘‘Pañcahupāli, aṅgehi samannāgatena bhikkhunā bhikkhunīnaṃ ovādo na ṭhapetabbo. Katamehi pañcahi? Alajjī ca hoti, bālo ca, apakatatto ca, cāvanādhippāyo vattā hoti, no vuṭṭhānādhippāyo – imehi kho, upāli, pañcahaṅgehi samannāgatena bhikkhunā bhikkhunīnaṃ ovādo na ṭhapetabbo.
「大德,具足多少支的比库不应被指定为比库尼们的教诫?」「伍巴离,具足五支的比库不应被指定为比库尼们的教诫。哪五支?他无惭,愚痴,不知恩,说话意图使人退堕而非意图使人增长——伍巴离,具足这五支的比库不应被指定为比库尼们的教诫。
‘‘Aparehipi, upāli, pañcahaṅgehi samannāgatena bhikkhunā bhikkhunīnaṃ ovādo na ṭhapetabbo. Katamehi pañcahi? Aparisuddhakāyasamācāro hoti, aparisuddhavacīsamācāro hoti, aparisuddhājīvo hoti, bālo hoti, abyatto, na paṭibalo anuyuñjiyamāno anuyogaṃ dātuṃ – imehi kho, upāli, pañcahaṅgehi samannāgatena bhikkhunā bhikkhunīnaṃ ovādo na ṭhapetabbo.
「伍巴离,又,具足另外五支的比库不应被指定为比库尼们的教诫。哪五支?身行不清净,语行不清净,活命不清净,愚痴,无能,不能在被质问时给予解答——伍巴离,具足这五支的比库不应被指定为比库尼们的教诫。
‘‘Aparehipi, upāli, pañcahaṅgehi samannāgatena bhikkhunā bhikkhunīnaṃ ovādo na ṭhapetabbo. Katamehi pañcahi? Kāyikena anācārena samannāgato hoti, vācasikena anācārena samannāgato hoti, kāyikavācasikena anācārena samannāgato hoti, bhikkhunīnaṃ akkosakaparibhāsako hoti, bhikkhunīhi saddhiṃ saṃsaṭṭho viharati ananulomikena saṃsaggena – imehi kho, upāli, pañcahaṅgehi samannāgatena bhikkhunā bhikkhunīnaṃ ovādo na ṭhapetabbo.
「伍巴离,又,具足另外五支的比库不应被指定为比库尼们的教诫。哪五支?具有身的恶行,具有语的恶行,具有身语的恶行,是比库尼们的辱骂者、诽谤者,与比库尼们共住,以不随顺的交往——伍巴离,具足这五支的比库不应被指定为比库尼们的教诫。
‘‘Aparehipi , upāli, pañcahaṅgehi samannāgatena bhikkhunā bhikkhunīnaṃ ovādo na ṭhapetabbo. Katamehi pañcahi? Alajjī ca hoti, bālo ca, apakatatto ca, bhaṇḍanakārako ca hoti kalahakārako, sikkhāya ca na paripūrikārī – imehi kho, upāli, pañcahaṅgehi samannāgatena bhikkhunā bhikkhunīnaṃ ovādo na ṭhapetabbo’’ti.
「伍巴离,又,具足另外五支的比库不应被指定为比库尼们的教诫。哪五支?他无惭,愚痴,不知恩,制造争论,制造诤讼,不圆满学——伍巴离,具足这五支的比库不应被指定为比库尼们的教诫。」
§453
‘‘Katihi nu kho, bhante, aṅgehi samannāgatena bhikkhunā bhikkhunīnaṃ ovādo na gahetabbo’’ti? ‘‘Pañcahupāli, aṅgehi samannāgatena bhikkhunā bhikkhunīnaṃ ovādo na gahetabbo. Katamehi pañcahi? Kāyikena anācārena samannāgato hoti, vācasikena anācārena samannāgato hoti, kāyikavācasikena anācārena samannāgato hoti, bhikkhunīnaṃ akkosakaparibhāsako hoti, bhikkhunīhi saddhiṃ saṃsaṭṭho viharati ananulomikena saṃsaggena – imehi kho, upāli, pañcahaṅgehi samannāgatena bhikkhunā bhikkhunīnaṃ ovādo na gahetabbo.
「大德,具足多少支的比库不应接受比库尼们的教诫?」「伍巴离,具足五支的比库不应接受比库尼们的教诫。哪五支?具有身的恶行,具有语的恶行,具有身语的恶行,是比库尼们的辱骂者、诽谤者,与比库尼们共住,以不随顺的交往——伍巴离,具足这五支的比库不应接受比库尼们的教诫。
‘‘Aparehipi, upāli, pañcahaṅgehi samannāgatena bhikkhunā bhikkhunīnaṃ ovādo na gahetabbo. Katamehi pañcahi? Alajjī ca hoti, bālo ca, apakatatto ca, gamiko vā hoti, gilāno vā – imehi kho, upāli, pañcahaṅgehi samannāgatena bhikkhunā bhikkhunīnaṃ ovādo na gahetabbo’’ti.
「伍巴离,又,具足另外五支的比库不应接受比库尼们的教诫。哪五支?他无惭,愚痴,不知恩,或者要去旅行,或者生病——伍巴离,具足这五支的比库不应接受比库尼们的教诫。」
§454
‘‘Katihi nu kho, bhante, aṅgehi samannāgatena bhikkhunā saddhiṃ na sākacchitabbo’’ti? ‘‘Pañcahupāli, aṅgehi samannāgatena bhikkhunā saddhiṃ na sākacchitabbo. Katamehi pañcahi? Na asekkhena sīlakkhandhena samannāgato hoti, na asekkhena samādhikkhandhena samannāgato hoti, na asekkhena paññākkhandhena samannāgato hoti, na asekkhena vimuttikkhandhena samannāgato hoti, na asekkhena vimuttiñāṇadassanakkhandhena samannāgato hoti – imehi kho, upāli, pañcahaṅgehi samannāgatena bhikkhunā saddhiṃ na sākacchitabbo. Pañcahupāli, aṅgehi samannāgatena bhikkhunā saddhiṃ sākacchitabbo. Katamehi pañcahi? Asekkhena sīlakkhandhena samannāgato hoti, asekkhena samādhikkhandhena samannāgato hoti, asekkhena paññākkhandhena samannāgato hoti , asekkhena vimuttikkhandhena samannāgato hoti, asekkhena vimuttiñāṇadassanakkhandhena samannāgato hoti – imehi kho, upāli, pañcahaṅgehi samannāgatena bhikkhunā saddhiṃ sākacchitabbo.
「大德,具足多少支的比库不应与他讨论?」「伍巴离,具足五支的比库不应与他讨论。哪五支?不具足无学戒蕴,不具足无学定蕴,不具足无学慧蕴,不具足无学解脱蕴,不具足无学解脱智见蕴——伍巴离,具足这五支的比库不应与他讨论。伍巴离,具足五支的比库应与他讨论。哪五支?具足无学戒蕴,具足无学定蕴,具足无学慧蕴,具足无学解脱蕴,具足无学解脱智见蕴——伍巴离,具足这五支的比库应与他讨论。」
‘‘Aparehipi, upāli, pañcahaṅgehi samannāgatena bhikkhunā saddhiṃ na sākacchitabbo. Katamehi pañcahi? Na atthapaṭisambhidāpatto hoti, na dhammapaṭisambhidāpatto hoti, na niruttipaṭisambhidāpatto hoti, na paṭibhānapaṭisambhidāpatto hoti, yathāvimuttaṃ cittaṃ na paccavekkhitā – imehi kho, upāli, pañcahaṅgehi samannāgatena bhikkhunā saddhiṃ na sākacchitabbo. Pañcahupāli , aṅgehi samannāgatena bhikkhunā saddhiṃ sākacchitabbo. Katamehi pañcahi? Atthapaṭisambhidāpatto hoti, dhammapaṭisambhidāpatto hoti, niruttipaṭisambhidāpatto hoti, paṭibhānapaṭisambhidāpatto hoti, yathāvimuttaṃ cittaṃ paccavekkhitā – imehi kho, upāli, pañcahaṅgehi samannāgatena bhikkhunā saddhiṃ sākacchitabbo’’ti.
「又,伍巴离,具足另外五支的比库不应与之讨论。哪五支?他未得义无碍解,未得法无碍解,未得词无碍解,未得辩无碍解,未省察如所解脱之心——伍巴离,具足这五支的比库不应与之讨论。伍巴离,具足五支的比库应与之讨论。哪五支?他已得义无碍解,已得法无碍解,已得词无碍解,已得辩无碍解,已省察如所解脱之心——伍巴离,具足这五支的比库应与之讨论。」
Bhikkhunovādavaggo niṭṭhito aṭṭhamo. · 比库教诫品完,第八
Tassuddānaṃ – · 其偈颂
Bhikkhunīheva kātabbaṃ, aparehi tathā duve;
比库尼应作之,另外同样二种;
Bhikkhunīnaṃ tayo kammā, na ṭhapetabbā dve dukā;
比库尼们的三种甘马,不应设立二种苦;
Na gahetabbā dve vuttā, sākacchāsu ca dve dukāti.
已说不应取二种,以及讨论中二种苦。
9. Ubbāhikavaggo9. 举罪品
§455
‘‘Katihi nu kho, bhante, aṅgehi samannāgato bhikkhu ubbāhikāya na sammannitabbo’’ti? ‘‘Pañcahupāli, aṅgehi samannāgato bhikkhu ubbāhikāya na sammannitabbo. Katamehi pañcahi? Na atthakusalo hoti, na dhammakusalo hoti, na niruttikusalo hoti, na byañjanakusalo hoti, na pubbāparakusalo hoti – imehi kho, upāli, pañcahaṅgehi samannāgato bhikkhu ubbāhikāya na sammannitabbo. Pañcahupāli, aṅgehi samannāgato bhikkhu ubbāhikāya sammannitabbo. Katamehi pañcahi? Atthakusalo hoti, dhammakusalo hoti, niruttikusalo hoti, byañjanakusalo hoti, pubbāparakusalo hoti – imehi kho, upāli, pañcahaṅgehi samannāgato bhikkhu ubbāhikāya sammannitabbo.
「大德,具足多少支的比库不应被认可为举罪者?」「伍巴离,具足五支的比库不应被认可为举罪者。哪五支?他不善巧于义,不善巧于法,不善巧于词,不善巧于文句,不善巧于前后——伍巴离,具足这五支的比库不应被认可为举罪者。伍巴离,具足五支的比库应被认可为举罪者。哪五支?他善巧于义,善巧于法,善巧于词,善巧于文句,善巧于前后——伍巴离,具足这五支的比库应被认可为举罪者。」
‘‘Aparehipi, upāli, pañcahaṅgehi samannāgato bhikkhu ubbāhikāya na sammannitabbo. Katamehi pañcahi? Kodhano hoti kodhābhibhūto, makkhī hoti makkhābhibhūto, paḷāsī hoti paḷāsābhibhūto, issukī hoti issābhibhūto, sandiṭṭhiparāmāsī hoti ādhānaggāhī duppaṭinissaggī – imehi kho, upāli, pañcahaṅgehi samannāgato bhikkhu ubbāhikāya na sammannitabbo. Pañcahupāli, aṅgehi samannāgato bhikkhu ubbāhikāya sammannitabbo. Katamehi pañcahi? Na kodhano hoti na kodhābhibhūto, na makkhī hoti na makkhābhibhūto, na paḷāsī hoti na paḷāsābhibhūto, na issukī hoti na issābhibhūto, asandiṭṭhiparāmāsī hoti anādhānaggāhī suppaṭinissaggī – imehi kho, upāli, pañcahaṅgehi samannāgato bhikkhu ubbāhikāya sammannitabbo.
「又,伍巴离,具足另外五支的比库不应被认可为举罪者。哪五支?他有忿怒,被忿怒所制伏;有覆恼,被覆恼所制伏;有恼害,被恼害所制伏;有嫉妒,被嫉妒所制伏;他执取邪见,执持固执,难以舍弃——伍巴离,具足这五支的比库不应被认可为举罪者。伍巴离,具足五支的比库应被认可为举罪者。哪五支?他无忿怒,不被忿怒所制伏;无覆恼,不被覆恼所制伏;无恼害,不被恼害所制伏;无嫉妒,不被嫉妒所制伏;他不执取邪见,不执持固执,易于舍弃——伍巴离,具足这五支的比库应被认可为举罪者。」
‘‘Aparehipi , upāli, pañcahaṅgehi samannāgato bhikkhu ubbāhikāya na sammannitabbo. Katamehi pañcahi? Kuppati, byāpajjati, patiṭṭhiyati, kopaṃ janeti, akhamo hoti apadakkhiṇaggāhī anusāsaniṃ – imehi kho, upāli, pañcahaṅgehi samannāgato bhikkhu ubbāhikāya na sammannitabbo. Pañcahupāli, aṅgehi samannāgato bhikkhu ubbāhikāya sammannitabbo . Katamehi pañcahi? Na kuppati, na byāpajjati, na patiṭṭhiyati, na kopaṃ janeti, khamo hoti padakkhiṇaggāhī anusāsaniṃ – imehi kho, upāli, pañcahaṅgehi samannāgato bhikkhu ubbāhikāya sammannitabbo.
「又,伍巴离,具足另外五支的比库不应被认可为举罪者。哪五支?他发怒、恼害、固执、生起愤怒,不能忍受,不恭敬地接受教诫——伍巴离,具足这五支的比库不应被认可为举罪者。伍巴离,具足五支的比库应被认可为举罪者。哪五支?他不发怒、不恼害、不固执、不生起愤怒,能忍受,恭敬地接受教诫——伍巴离,具足这五支的比库应被认可为举罪者。」
‘‘Aparehipi, upāli, pañcahaṅgehi samannāgato bhikkhu ubbāhikāya na sammannitabbo. Katamehi pañcahi? Pasāretā hoti no sāretā, anokāsakammaṃ kāretvā pavattā hoti, na yathādhamme yathāvinaye yathāpattiyā codetā hoti, na yathādhamme yathāvinaye yathāpattiyā kāretā hoti, na yathādiṭṭhiyā byākatā hoti – imehi kho, upāli, pañcahaṅgehi samannāgato bhikkhu ubbāhikāya na sammannitabbo. Pañcahupāli, aṅgehi samannāgato bhikkhu ubbāhikāya sammannitabbo. Katamehi pañcahi? Sāretā hoti no pasāretā, okāsakammaṃ kāretvā pavattā hoti, yathādhammaṃ yathāvinaye yathāpattiyā codetā hoti, yathādhamme yathāvinaye yathāpattiyā kāretā hoti, yathādiṭṭhiyā byākatā hoti – imehi kho, upāli, pañcahaṅgehi samannāgato bhikkhu ubbāhikāya sammannitabbo.
「又,伍巴离,具足另外五支的比库不应被认可为举罪者。哪五支?他是扩散者而非使忆念者,作了不适当的甘马后行事,不如法、如律、如罪而举罪,不如法、如律、如罪而使作,不如见而分别论——伍巴离,具足这五支的比库不应被认可为举罪者。伍巴离,具足五支的比库应被认可为举罪者。哪五支?他是使忆念者而非扩散者,作了适当的甘马后行事,如法、如律、如罪而举罪,如法、如律、如罪而使作,如见而分别论——伍巴离,具足这五支的比库应被认可为举罪者。」
‘‘Aparehipi, upāli, pañcahaṅgehi samannāgato bhikkhu ubbāhikāya na sammannitabbo. Katamehi pañcahi? Chandāgatiṃ gacchati, dosāgatiṃ gacchati, mohāgatiṃ gacchati, bhayāgatiṃ gacchati, alajjī ca hoti – imehi kho, upāli, pañcahaṅgehi samannāgato bhikkhu ubbāhikāya na sammannitabbo. Pañcahupāli, aṅgehi samannāgato bhikkhu ubbāhikāya sammannitabbo. Katamehi pañcahi? Na chandāgatiṃ gacchati, na dosāgatiṃ gacchati, na mohāgatiṃ gacchati, na bhayāgatiṃ gacchati, lajjī ca hoti – imehi kho, upāli, pañcahaṅgehi samannāgato bhikkhu ubbāhikāya sammannitabbo.
「又,伍巴离,具足另外五支的比库不应被认可为举罪者。哪五支?他趣向欲,趣向嗔,趣向痴,趣向怖,且无惭——伍巴离,具足这五支的比库不应被认可为举罪者。伍巴离,具足五支的比库应被认可为举罪者。哪五支?他不趣向欲,不趣向嗔,不趣向痴,不趣向怖,且有惭——伍巴离,具足这五支的比库应被认可为举罪者。」
‘‘Aparehipi, upāli, pañcahaṅgehi samannāgato bhikkhu ubbāhikāya na sammannitabbo. Katamehi pañcahi? Chandāgatiṃ gacchati, dosāgatiṃ gacchati, mohāgatiṃ gacchati, bhayāgatiṃ gacchati, akusalo ca hoti vinaye – imehi kho, upāli, pañcahaṅgehi samannāgato bhikkhu ubbāhikāya na sammannitabbo. Pañcahupāli, aṅgehi samannāgato bhikkhu ubbāhikāya sammannitabbo. Katamehi pañcahi? Na chandāgatiṃ gacchati, na dosāgatiṃ gacchati, na mohāgatiṃ gacchati, na bhayāgatiṃ gacchati, kusalo ca hoti vinaye – imehi kho, upāli, pañcahaṅgehi samannāgato bhikkhu ubbāhikāya sammannitabbo’’ti.
「又,伍巴离,具足另外五支的比库不应被认可为举罪者。哪五支?他趣向欲,趣向嗔,趣向痴,趣向怖,且不善巧于律——伍巴离,具足这五支的比库不应被认可为举罪者。伍巴离,具足五支的比库应被认可为举罪者。哪五支?他不趣向欲,不趣向嗔,不趣向痴,不趣向怖,且善巧于律——伍巴离,具足这五支的比库应被认可为举罪者。」
§456
‘‘Katihi nu kho, bhante, aṅgehi samannāgato bhikkhu bālotveva saṅkhaṃ gacchatī’’ti? ‘‘Pañcahupāli, aṅgehi samannāgato bhikkhu bālotveva saṅkhaṃ gacchati. Katamehi pañcahi? Suttaṃ na jānāti, suttānulomaṃ na jānāti, vinayaṃ na jānāti, vinayānulomaṃ na jānāti, na ca ṭhānaṭhānakusalo hoti – imehi kho, upāli, pañcahaṅgehi samannāgato bhikkhu bālotveva saṅkhaṃ gacchati. Pañcahupāli, aṅgehi samannāgato bhikkhu paṇḍitotveva saṅkhaṃ gacchati. Katamehi pañcahi? Suttaṃ jānāti, suttānulomaṃ jānāti, vinayaṃ jānāti, vinayānulomaṃ jānāti, ṭhānāṭhānakusalo ca hoti – imehi kho, upāli, pañcahaṅgehi samannāgato bhikkhu paṇḍitotveva saṅkhaṃ gacchati.
「尊者,具足多少支的比库被算作愚者呢?」「伍巴离,具足五支的比库被算作愚者。哪五支?他不知经,不知随顺经,不知律,不知随顺律,且不善巧于处非处——伍巴离,具足这五支的比库被算作愚者。伍巴离,具足五支的比库被算作智者。哪五支?他知经,知随顺经,知律,知随顺律,且善巧于处非处——伍巴离,具足这五支的比库被算作智者。」
‘‘Aparehipi, upāli, pañcahaṅgehi samannāgato bhikkhu bālotveva saṅkhaṃ gacchati. Katamehi pañcahi? Dhammaṃ na jānāti, dhammānulomaṃ jānāti, vinayaṃ na jānāti, vinayānulomaṃ na jānāti, na ca pubbāparakusalo hoti – imehi kho, upāli, pañcahaṅgehi samannāgato bhikkhu bālotveva saṅkhaṃ gacchati. Pañcahupāli, aṅgehi samannāgato bhikkhu paṇḍitotveva saṅkhaṃ gacchati. Katamehi pañcahi? Dhammaṃ jānāti, dhammānulomaṃ jānāti, vinayaṃ jānāti, vinayānulomaṃ jānāti, pubbāparakusalo ca hoti – imehi kho, upāli, pañcahaṅgehi samannāgato bhikkhu paṇḍitotveva saṅkhaṃ gacchati.
「又,伍巴离,具足另外五支的比库被算作愚者。哪五支?他不知法,知随顺法,不知律,不知随顺律,且不善巧于前后——伍巴离,具足这五支的比库被算作愚者。伍巴离,具足五支的比库被算作智者。哪五支?他知法,知随顺法,知律,知随顺律,且善巧于前后——伍巴离,具足这五支的比库被算作智者。」
‘‘Aparehipi, upāli, pañcahaṅgehi samannāgato bhikkhu bālotveva saṅkhaṃ gacchati. Katamehi pañcahi? Vatthuṃ na jānāti, nidānaṃ na jānāti, paññattiṃ na jānāti, padapaccābhaṭṭhaṃ na jānāti, anusandhivacanapathaṃ na jānāti – imehi kho, upāli, pañcahaṅgehi samannāgato bhikkhu bālotveva saṅkhaṃ gacchati. Pañcahupāli, aṅgehi samannāgato bhikkhu paṇḍitotveva saṅkhaṃ gacchati. Katamehi pañcahi? Vatthuṃ jānāti, nidānaṃ jānāti, paññattiṃ jānāti, padapaccābhaṭṭhaṃ jānāti, anusandhivacanapathaṃ jānāti – imehi kho, upāli, pañcahaṅgehi samannāgato bhikkhu paṇḍitotveva saṅkhaṃ gacchati.
「又,伍巴离,具足另外五支的比库被算作愚者。哪五支?他不知事,不知因缘,不知制定,不知句义,不知连结语句之道——伍巴离,具足这五支的比库被算作愚者。伍巴离,具足五支的比库被算作智者。哪五支?他知事,知因缘,知制定,知句义,知连结语句之道——伍巴离,具足这五支的比库被算作智者。」
‘‘Aparehipi, upāli, pañcahaṅgehi samannāgato bhikkhu bālotveva saṅkhaṃ gacchati. Katamehi pañcahi? Āpattiṃ na jānāti, āpattisamuṭṭhānaṃ na jānāti, āpattiyā payogaṃ na jānāti, āpattiyā vūpasamaṃ na jānāti, āpattiyā na vinicchayakusalo hoti – imehi kho, upāli, pañcahaṅgehi samannāgato bhikkhu bālotveva saṅkhaṃ gacchati. Pañcahupāli, aṅgehi samannāgato bhikkhu paṇḍitotveva saṅkhaṃ gacchati. Katamehi pañcahi? Āpattiṃ jānāti , āpattisamuṭṭhānaṃ jānāti, āpattiyā payogaṃ jānāti, āpattiyā vūpasamaṃ jānāti, āpattiyā vinicchayakusalo hoti – imehi kho, upāli, pañcahaṅgehi samannāgato bhikkhu paṇḍitotveva saṅkhaṃ gacchati.
「又,伍巴离,具足另外五支的比库被算作愚者。哪五支?他不知罪,不知罪的生起,不知罪的方便,不知罪的止息,且不善巧于罪的判决——伍巴离,具足这五支的比库被算作愚者。伍巴离,具足五支的比库被算作智者。哪五支?他知罪,知罪的生起,知罪的方便,知罪的止息,且善巧于罪的判决——伍巴离,具足这五支的比库被算作智者。」
‘‘Aparehipi , upāli, pañcahaṅgehi samannāgato bhikkhu bālotveva saṅkhaṃ gacchati. Katamehi pañcahi? Adhikaraṇaṃ na jānāti, adhikaraṇasamuṭṭhānaṃ na jānāti, adhikaraṇassa payogaṃ na jānāti, adhikaraṇassa vūpasamaṃ na jānāti, adhikaraṇassa na vinicchayakusalo hoti – imehi kho, upāli, pañcahaṅgehi samannāgato bhikkhu bālotveva saṅkhaṃ gacchati. Pañcahupāli, aṅgehi samannāgato bhikkhu paṇḍitotveva saṅkhaṃ gacchati. Katamehi pañcahi? Adhikaraṇaṃ jānāti, adhikaraṇasamuṭṭhānaṃ jānāti, adhikaraṇassa payogaṃ jānāti, adhikaraṇassa vūpasamaṃ jānāti, adhikaraṇassa vinicchayakusalo hoti – imehi kho, upāli, pañcahaṅgehi samannāgato bhikkhu paṇḍitotveva saṅkhaṃ gacchatī’’ti.
「又,伍巴离,具足另外五支的比库被算作愚者。哪五支?他不知诤事,不知诤事的生起,不知诤事的方便,不知诤事的止息,且不善巧于诤事的判决——伍巴离,具足这五支的比库被算作愚者。伍巴离,具足五支的比库被算作智者。哪五支?他知诤事,知诤事的生起,知诤事的方便,知诤事的止息,且善巧于诤事的判决——伍巴离,具足这五支的比库被算作智者。」
Ubbāhikavaggo niṭṭhito navamo. · 举罪品完,第九
Tassuddānaṃ – · 其偈颂
Na atthakusalo ceva, kodhano kuppatī ca yo;
不善巧于义利,且易怒、易激怒者;
Pasāretā chandāgatiṃ, akusalo tatheva ca.
他趋向欲偏,也是不善巧者。
Suttaṃ dhammañca vatthuñca, āpatti adhikaraṇaṃ;
经、法与事,罪与诤事;
Dve dve pakāsitā sabbe, kaṇhasukkaṃ vijānathāti.
一切都各以二种被阐明,应了知黑与白。
10. Adhikaraṇavūpasamavaggo10. 诤事止息品
§457
‘‘Katihi nu kho, bhante, aṅgehi samannāgato bhikkhu nālaṃ adhikaraṇaṃ vūpasametu’’nti? ‘‘Pañcahupāli, aṅgehi samannāgato bhikkhu nālaṃ adhikaraṇaṃ vūpasametuṃ. Katamehi pañcahi? Āpattiṃ na jānāti, āpattisamuṭṭhānaṃ na jānāti, āpattiyā payogaṃ na jānāti, āpattiyā vūpasamaṃ na jānāti, āpattiyā na vinicchayakusalo hoti – imehi kho, upāli, pañcahaṅgehi samannāgato bhikkhu nālaṃ adhikaraṇaṃ vūpasametuṃ. Pañcahupāli, aṅgehi samannāgato bhikkhu alaṃ adhikaraṇaṃ vūpasametuṃ. Katamehi pañcahi? Āpattiṃ jānāti, āpattisamuṭṭhānaṃ jānāti, āpattiyā payogaṃ jānāti, āpattiyā vūpasamaṃ jānāti, āpattiyā vinicchayakusalo hoti – imehi kho, upāli, pañcahaṅgehi samannāgato bhikkhu alaṃ adhikaraṇaṃ vūpasametuṃ.
「尊者,具足几支的比库不适合平息诤事?」「伍巴离,具足五支的比库不适合平息诤事。哪五种?不知罪,不知罪的生起,不知罪的方便,不知罪的平息,不善巧罪的判决——伍巴离,具足这五支的比库不适合平息诤事。伍巴离,具足五支的比库适合平息诤事。哪五种?知罪,知罪的生起,知罪的方便,知罪的平息,善巧罪的判决——伍巴离,具足这五支的比库适合平息诤事。」
‘‘Aparehipi, upāli, pañcahaṅgehi samannāgato bhikkhu nālaṃ adhikaraṇaṃ vūpasametuṃ. Katamehi pañcahi? Adhikaraṇaṃ na jānāti, adhikaraṇasamuṭṭhānaṃ na jānāti, adhikaraṇassa payogaṃ na jānāti, adhikaraṇassa vūpasamaṃ na jānāti, adhikaraṇassa na vinicchayakusalo hoti – imehi kho, upāli, pañcahaṅgehi samannāgato bhikkhu nālaṃ adhikaraṇaṃ vūpasametuṃ.
「伍巴离,又具足另外五支的比库不适合平息诤事。哪五种?不知诤事,不知诤事的生起,不知诤事的方便,不知诤事的平息,不善巧诤事的判决——伍巴离,具足这五支的比库不适合平息诤事。」
‘‘Pañcahupāli, aṅgehi samannāgato bhikkhu alaṃ adhikaraṇaṃ vūpasametuṃ. Katamehi pañcahi? Adhikaraṇaṃ jānāti, adhikaraṇasamuṭṭhānaṃ jānāti, adhikaraṇassa payogaṃ jānāti, adhikaraṇassa vūpasamaṃ jānāti, adhikaraṇassa vinicchayakusalo hoti – imehi kho, upāli, pañcahaṅgehi samannāgato bhikkhu alaṃ adhikaraṇaṃ vūpasametuṃ.
「伍巴离,具足五支的比库适合平息诤事。哪五种?知诤事,知诤事的生起,知诤事的方便,知诤事的平息,善巧诤事的判决——伍巴离,具足这五支的比库适合平息诤事。」
‘‘Aparehipi, upāli, pañcahaṅgehi samannāgato bhikkhu nālaṃ adhikaraṇaṃ vūpasametuṃ. Katamehi pañcahi? Chandāgatiṃ gacchati, dosāgatiṃ gacchati, mohāgatiṃ gacchati, bhayāgatiṃ gacchati, alajjī ca hoti – imehi kho, upāli, pañcahaṅgehi samannāgato bhikkhu nālaṃ adhikaraṇaṃ vūpasametuṃ. Pañcahupāli, aṅgehi samannāgato bhikkhu alaṃ adhikaraṇaṃ vūpasametuṃ. Katamehi pañcahi? Na chandāgatiṃ gacchati, na dosāgatiṃ gacchati, na mohāgatiṃ gacchati, na bhayāgatiṃ gacchati, lajjī ca hoti – imehi kho, upāli, pañcahaṅgehi samannāgato bhikkhu alaṃ adhikaraṇaṃ vūpasametuṃ.
「伍巴离,又具足另外五支的比库不适合平息诤事。哪五种?趋向欲偏,趋向嗔偏,趋向痴偏,趋向怖偏,且无惭——伍巴离,具足这五支的比库不适合平息诤事。伍巴离,具足五支的比库适合平息诤事。哪五种?不趋向欲偏,不趋向嗔偏,不趋向痴偏,不趋向怖偏,且有惭——伍巴离,具足这五支的比库适合平息诤事。」
‘‘Aparehipi, upāli, pañcahaṅgehi samannāgato bhikkhu nālaṃ adhikaraṇaṃ vūpasametuṃ. Katamehi pañcahi? Chandāgatiṃ gacchati, dosāgatiṃ gacchati, mohāgatiṃ gacchati, bhayāgatiṃ gacchati , appassuto ca hoti – imehi kho, upāli, pañcahaṅgehi samannāgato bhikkhu nālaṃ adhikaraṇaṃ vūpasametuṃ. Pañcahupāli, aṅgehi samannāgato bhikkhu alaṃ adhikaraṇaṃ vūpasametuṃ. Katamehi pañcahi? Na chandāgatiṃ gacchati, na dosāgatiṃ gacchati, na mohāgatiṃ gacchati, na bhayāgatiṃ gacchati, bahussuto ca hoti – imehi kho, upāli, pañcahaṅgehi samannāgato bhikkhu alaṃ adhikaraṇaṃ vūpasametuṃ.
「伍巴离,又具足另外五支的比库不适合平息诤事。哪五种?趋向欲偏,趋向嗔偏,趋向痴偏,趋向怖偏,且少闻——伍巴离,具足这五支的比库不适合平息诤事。伍巴离,具足五支的比库适合平息诤事。哪五种?不趋向欲偏,不趋向嗔偏,不趋向痴偏,不趋向怖偏,且多闻——伍巴离,具足这五支的比库适合平息诤事。」
‘‘Aparehipi , upāli, pañcahaṅgehi samannāgato bhikkhu nālaṃ adhikaraṇaṃ vūpasametuṃ. Katamehi pañcahi? Vatthuṃ na jānāti, nidānaṃ na jānāti, paññattiṃ na jānāti, padapaccābhaṭṭhaṃ na jānāti, anusandhivacanapathaṃ na jānāti – imehi kho, upāli, pañcahaṅgehi samannāgato bhikkhu nālaṃ adhikaraṇaṃ vūpasametuṃ. Pañcahupāli, aṅgehi samannāgato bhikkhu alaṃ adhikaraṇaṃ vūpasametuṃ. Katamehi pañcahi? Vatthuṃ jānāti, nidānaṃ jānāti, paññattiṃ jānāti, padapaccābhaṭṭhaṃ jānāti, anusandhivacanapathaṃ jānāti – imehi kho, upāli, pañcahaṅgehi samannāgato bhikkhu alaṃ adhikaraṇaṃ vūpasametuṃ.
「复次,伍巴离,具足五支的比库不能平息诤事。哪五种?不知事,不知因缘,不知制定,不知逐句解释,不知连结语句之道——伍巴离,具足这五支的比库不能平息诤事。伍巴离,具足五支的比库能平息诤事。哪五种?知事,知因缘,知制定,知逐句解释,知连结语句之道——伍巴离,具足这五支的比库能平息诤事。」
‘‘Aparehipi, upāli, pañcahaṅgehi samannāgato bhikkhu nālaṃ adhikaraṇaṃ vūpasametuṃ. Katamehi pañcahi? Chandāgatiṃ gacchati, dosāgatiṃ gacchati, mohāgatiṃ gacchati, bhayāgatiṃ gacchati, akusalo ca hoti vinaye – imehi kho, upāli, pañcahaṅgehi samannāgato bhikkhu nālaṃ adhikaraṇaṃ vūpasametuṃ. Pañcahupāli, aṅgehi samannāgato bhikkhu alaṃ adhikaraṇaṃ vūpasametuṃ. Katamehi pañcahi? Na chandāgatiṃ gacchati, na dosāgatiṃ gacchati, na mohāgatiṃ gacchati, na bhayāgatiṃ gacchati, kusalo ca hoti vinaye – imehi kho, upāli, pañcahaṅgehi samannāgato bhikkhu alaṃ adhikaraṇaṃ vūpasametuṃ.
「复次,伍巴离,具足五支的比库不能平息诤事。哪五种?因欲而行,因嗔而行,因痴而行,因怖而行,且不善巧于律——伍巴离,具足这五支的比库不能平息诤事。伍巴离,具足五支的比库能平息诤事。哪五种?不因欲而行,不因嗔而行,不因痴而行,不因怖而行,且善巧于律——伍巴离,具足这五支的比库能平息诤事。」
‘‘Aparehipi, upāli, pañcahaṅgehi samannāgato bhikkhu nālaṃ adhikaraṇaṃ vūpasametuṃ. Katamehi pañcahi? Chandāgatiṃ gacchati, dosāgatiṃ gacchati, mohāgatiṃ gacchati, bhayāgatiṃ gacchati, puggalagaru hoti no saṅghagaru – imehi kho, upāli, pañcahaṅgehi samannāgato bhikkhu nālaṃ adhikaraṇaṃ vūpasametuṃ. Pañcahupāli , aṅgehi samannāgato bhikkhu alaṃ adhikaraṇaṃ vūpasametuṃ . Katamehi pañcahi? Na chandāgatiṃ gacchati, na dosāgatiṃ gacchati, na mohāgatiṃ gacchati, na bhayāgatiṃ gacchati, saṅghagaru hoti no puggalagaru – imehi kho, upāli, pañcahaṅgehi samannāgato bhikkhu alaṃ adhikaraṇaṃ vūpasametuṃ.
「复次,伍巴离,具足五支的比库不能平息诤事。哪五种?因欲而行,因嗔而行,因痴而行,因怖而行,重个人而不重僧团——伍巴离,具足这五支的比库不能平息诤事。伍巴离,具足五支的比库能平息诤事。哪五种?不因欲而行,不因嗔而行,不因痴而行,不因怖而行,重僧团而不重个人——伍巴离,具足这五支的比库能平息诤事。」
‘‘Aparehipi, upāli, pañcahaṅgehi samannāgato bhikkhu nālaṃ adhikaraṇaṃ vūpasametuṃ. Katamehi pañcahi? Chandāgatiṃ gacchati, dosāgatiṃ gacchati, mohāgatiṃ gacchati, bhayāgatiṃ gacchati, āmisagaru hoti no saddhammagaru – imehi kho, upāli, pañcahaṅgehi samannāgato bhikkhu nālaṃ adhikaraṇaṃ vūpasametuṃ. Pañcahupāli, aṅgehi samannāgato bhikkhu alaṃ adhikaraṇaṃ vūpasametuṃ. Katamehi pañcahi? Na chandāgatiṃ gacchati, na dosāgatiṃ gacchati, na mohāgatiṃ gacchati, na bhayāgatiṃ gacchati, saddhammagaru hoti no āmisagaru – imehi kho, upāli, pañcahaṅgehi samannāgato bhikkhu alaṃ adhikaraṇaṃ vūpasametu’’nti.
「复次,伍巴离,具足五支的比库不能平息诤事。哪五种?因欲而行,因嗔而行,因痴而行,因怖而行,重利养而不重正法——伍巴离,具足这五支的比库不能平息诤事。伍巴离,具足五支的比库能平息诤事。哪五种?不因欲而行,不因嗔而行,不因痴而行,不因怖而行,重正法而不重利养——伍巴离,具足这五支的比库能平息诤事。」
§458
‘‘Katihi nu kho, bhante, ākārehi saṅgho bhijjatī’’ti? ‘‘Pañcahupāli, ākārehi saṅgho bhijjati. Katamehi pañcahi? Kammena, uddesena, voharanto, anussāvanena, salākaggāhena – imehi kho, upāli, pañcahākārehi saṅgho bhijjatī’’ti.
「尊者,以多少种相僧团破裂?」「伍巴离,以五种相僧团破裂。哪五种?以业,以诵,以说,以传诵,以取筹——伍巴离,以这五种相僧团破裂。」
‘‘Saṅgharāji saṅgharājīti, bhante, vuccati. Kittāvatā nu kho, bhante, saṅgharāji hoti no ca saṅghabhedo? Kittāvatā ca pana saṅgharāji ceva hoti saṅghabhedo cā’’ti? ‘‘Paññattetaṃ, upāli, mayā āgantukānaṃ bhikkhūnaṃ āgantukavattaṃ. Evaṃ supaññatte kho, upāli, mayā sikkhāpade āgantukā bhikkhū āgantukavatte na vattanti. Evampi kho, upāli, saṅgharāji hoti no ca saṅghabhedo. Paññattetaṃ, upāli, mayā āvāsikānaṃ bhikkhūnaṃ āvāsikavattaṃ. Evaṃ supaññatte kho, upāli, mayā sikkhāpade āvāsikā bhikkhū āvāsikavatte na vattanti. Evampi kho, upāli, saṅgharāji hoti no ca saṅghabhedo. Paññattetaṃ upāli mayā bhikkhūnaṃ bhattagge bhattaggavattaṃ – yathāvuḍḍhaṃ yathārattaṃ yathāpatirūpaṃ aggāsanaṃ aggodakaṃ aggapiṇḍaṃ. Evaṃ supaññatte kho, upāli, mayā sikkhāpade navā bhikkhū bhattagge therānaṃ bhikkhūnaṃ āsanaṃ paṭibāhanti. Evampi kho, upāli, saṅgharāji hoti no ca saṅghabhedo. Paññattetaṃ, upāli, mayā bhikkhūnaṃ senāsane senāsanavattaṃ – yathāvuḍḍhaṃ yathārattaṃ yathāpatirūpaṃ. Evaṃ supaññatte kho, upāli, mayā sikkhāpade navā bhikkhū therānaṃ bhikkhūnaṃ senāsanaṃ paṭibāhanti. Evampi kho, upāli, saṅgharāji hoti no ca saṅghabhedo. Paññattetaṃ, upāli, mayā bhikkhūnaṃ antosīmāya ekaṃ uposathaṃ ekaṃ pavāraṇaṃ ekaṃ saṅghakammaṃ ekaṃ kammākammaṃ. Evaṃ supaññatte kho, upāli, mayā sikkhāpade tattheva antosīmāya āvenibhāvaṃ karitvā gaṇaṃ bandhitvā āveniṃ uposathaṃ karonti āveniṃ pavāraṇaṃ karonti āveniṃ saṅghakammaṃ karonti āveniṃ kammākammāni karonti. Evaṃ kho, upāli, saṅgharāji ceva hoti saṅghabhedo cā’’ti.
「尊者,所谓『僧诤』『僧诤』。尊者,到何种程度是僧诤而非僧团破裂?又到何种程度既是僧诤又是僧团破裂?」「伍巴离,我为客比库制定了客比库的行仪。伍巴离,我如此善制定学处,客比库却不行客比库的行仪。伍巴离,如此是僧诤而非僧团破裂。伍巴离,我为住处比库制定了住处比库的行仪。伍巴离,我如此善制定学处,住处比库却不行住处比库的行仪。伍巴离,如此是僧诤而非僧团破裂。伍巴离,我为比库们在食堂制定了食堂的行仪——依长幼、依瓦萨、依适当而得上座、上水、上食。伍巴离,我如此善制定学处,新比库在食堂却阻止长老比库的座位。伍巴离,如此是僧诤而非僧团破裂。伍巴离,我为比库们在住所制定了住所的行仪——依长幼、依瓦萨、依适当。伍巴离,我如此善制定学处,新比库却阻止长老比库的住所。伍巴离,如此是僧诤而非僧团破裂。伍巴离,我为比库们制定了界内一伍波萨他、一自恣、一僧团业、一业之业。伍巴离,我如此善制定学处,就在那界内作别众,结党,作别众的伍波萨他,作别众的自恣,作别众的僧团业,作别众的业之业。伍巴离,如此既是僧诤又是僧团破裂。」
Adhikaraṇavūpasamavaggo niṭṭhito dasamo. · 诤事止息品完,第十
Tassuddānaṃ – · 其偈颂
Āpattiṃ adhikaraṇaṃ, chandā appassutena ca;
罪之诤事,欲与寡闻者;
Vatthuñca akusalo ca, puggalo āmisena ca;
事与不善巧者,个人与利养。
Bhijjati saṅgharāji ca, saṅghabhedo tatheva cāti.
僧团堆破裂,僧团破裂也如是。
11. Saṅghabhedakavaggo11. 破僧品
§459
‘‘Katihi nu kho, bhante, aṅgehi samannāgato saṅghabhedako āpāyiko nerayiko kappaṭṭho atekiccho’’ti? ‘‘Pañcahupāli, aṅgehi samannāgato saṅghabhedako āpāyiko nerayiko kappaṭṭho atekiccho. Katamehi pañcahi? Idhupāli, bhikkhu adhammaṃ dhammoti dīpeti, dhammaṃ adhammoti dīpeti, avinayaṃ vinayoti dīpeti, vinayaṃ avinayoti dīpeti, vinidhāya diṭṭhiṃ kammena – imehi kho, upāli, pañcahaṅgehi samannāgato saṅghabhedako āpāyiko nerayiko kappaṭṭho atekiccho.
「尊者,具足多少支的破僧者是堕恶趣者、地狱有情、住劫者、无救者?」「伍巴离,具足五支的破僧者是堕恶趣者、地狱有情、住劫者、无救者。哪五种?伍巴离,这里,比库将非法说为法,将法说为非法,将非律说为律,将律说为非律,以业确立见——伍巴离,具足这五支的破僧者是堕恶趣者、地狱有情、住劫者、无救者。」
‘‘Aparehipi, upāli, pañcahaṅgehi samannāgato saṅghabhedako āpāyiko nerayiko kappaṭṭho atekiccho. Katamehi pañcahi? Idhupāli, bhikkhu adhammaṃ dhammoti dīpeti, dhammaṃ adhammoti dīpeti, avinayaṃ vinayoti dīpeti, vinayaṃ avinayoti dīpeti, vinidhāya diṭṭhiṃ uddesena – imehi kho, upāli, pañcahaṅgehi samannāgato saṅghabhedako āpāyiko nerayiko kappaṭṭho atekiccho.
「伍巴离,又具足另五支的破僧者是堕恶趣者、地狱有情、住劫者、无救者。哪五种?伍巴离,这里,比库将非法说为法,将法说为非法,将非律说为律,将律说为非律,以诵出确立见——伍巴离,具足这五支的破僧者是堕恶趣者、地狱有情、住劫者、无救者。」
‘‘Aparehipi, upāli, pañcahaṅgehi samannāgato saṅghabhedako āpāyiko nerayiko kappaṭṭho atekiccho. Katamehi pañcahi? Idhupāli, bhikkhu adhammaṃ dhammoti dīpeti, dhammaṃ adhammoti dīpeti, avinayaṃ vinayoti dīpeti, vinayaṃ avinayoti dīpeti, vinidhāya diṭṭhi voharanto – imehi kho, upāli, pañcahaṅgehi samannāgato saṅghabhedako āpāyiko nerayiko kappaṭṭho atekiccho.
「伍巴离,又具足另五支的破僧者是堕恶趣者、地狱有情、住劫者、无救者。哪五种?伍巴离,这里,比库将非法说为法,将法说为非法,将非律说为律,将律说为非律,说话时确立见——伍巴离,具足这五支的破僧者是堕恶趣者、地狱有情、住劫者、无救者。」
‘‘Aparehipi, upāli, pañcahaṅgehi samannāgato saṅghabhedako āpāyiko nerayiko kappaṭṭho atekiccho. Katamehi pañcahi? Idhupāli, bhikkhu adhammaṃ dhammoti dīpeti, dhammaṃ adhammoti dīpeti, avinayaṃ vinayoti dīpeti, vinayaṃ avinayoti dīpeti, vinidhāya diṭṭhiṃ anussāvanena – imehi kho, upāli, pañcahaṅgehi samannāgato saṅghabhedako āpāyiko nerayiko kappaṭṭho atekiccho.
「伍巴离,又具足另五支的破僧者是堕恶趣者、地狱有情、住劫者、无救者。哪五种?伍巴离,这里,比库将非法说为法,将法说为非法,将非律说为律,将律说为非律,以教诵确立见——伍巴离,具足这五支的破僧者是堕恶趣者、地狱有情、住劫者、无救者。」
‘‘Aparehipi, upāli , pañcahaṅgehi samannāgato saṅghabhedako āpāyiko nerayiko kappaṭṭho atekiccho. Katamehi pañcahi? Idhupāli, bhikkhu adhammaṃ dhammoti dīpeti, dhammaṃ adhammoti dīpeti, avinayaṃ vinayoti dīpeti, vinayaṃ avinayoti dīpeti, vinidhāya diṭṭhiṃ salākaggāhena – imehi kho, upāli, pañcahaṅgehi samannāgato saṅghabhedako āpāyiko nerayiko kappaṭṭho atekiccho.
「伍巴离,又具足另五支的破僧者是堕恶趣者、地狱有情、住劫者、无救者。哪五种?伍巴离,这里,比库将非法说为法,将法说为非法,将非律说为律,将律说为非律,以取筹确立见——伍巴离,具足这五支的破僧者是堕恶趣者、地狱有情、住劫者、无救者。」
‘‘Aparehipi, upāli, pañcahaṅgehi samannāgato saṅghabhedako āpāyiko nerayiko kappaṭṭho atekiccho. Katamehi pañcahi? Idhupāli, bhikkhu adhammaṃ dhammoti dīpeti, dhammaṃ adhammoti dīpeti, avinayaṃ vinayoti dīpeti, vinayaṃ avinayoti dīpeti, vinidhāya khantiṃ kammena…pe… vinidhāya khantiṃ uddesena…pe… vinidhāya khantiṃ voharanto…pe… vinidhāya khantiṃ anussāvanena…pe… vinidhāya khantiṃ salākaggāhena – imehi kho, upāli, pañcahaṅgehi samannāgato saṅghabhedako āpāyiko nerayiko kappaṭṭho atekiccho.
「伍巴离,又具足另五支的破僧者是堕恶趣者、地狱有情、住劫者、无救者。哪五种?伍巴离,这里,比库将非法说为法,将法说为非法,将非律说为律,将律说为非律,以业确立忍许……以诵出确立忍许……说话时确立忍许……以教诵确立忍许……以取筹确立忍许——伍巴离,具足这五支的破僧者是堕恶趣者、地狱有情、住劫者、无救者。」
‘‘Aparehipi, upāli, pañcahaṅgehi samannāgato saṅghabhedako āpāyiko nerayiko kappaṭṭho atekiccho. Katamehi pañcahi? Idhupāli, bhikkhu adhammaṃ dhammoti dīpeti, dhammaṃ adhammoti dīpeti avinayaṃ vinayoti dīpeti, vinayaṃ avinayoti dīpeti, vinidhāya ruciṃ kammena…pe… vinidhāya ruciṃ uddesena…pe… vinidhāya ruciṃ voharanto…pe… vinidhāya ruciṃ anussāvanena…pe… vinidhāya ruciṃ salākaggāhena – imehi kho , upāli, pañcahaṅgehi samannāgato saṅghabhedako āpāyiko nerayiko kappaṭṭho atekiccho.
「伍巴离,又具足另五支的破僧者是堕恶趣者、地狱有情、住劫者、无救者。哪五种?伍巴离,这里,比库将非法说为法,将法说为非法,将非律说为律,将律说为非律,以业确立喜好……以诵出确立喜好……说话时确立喜好……以教诵确立喜好……以取筹确立喜好——伍巴离,具足这五支的破僧者是堕恶趣者、地狱有情、住劫者、无救者。」
‘‘Aparehipi, upāli, pañcahaṅgehi samannāgato saṅghabhedako āpāyiko nerayiko kappaṭṭho atekiccho. Katamehi pañcahi? Idhupāli , bhikkhu adhammaṃ dhammoti dīpeti, dhammaṃ adhammoti dīpeti, avinayaṃ vinayoti dīpeti, vinayaṃ avinayoti dīpeti, vinidhāya saññaṃ kammena…pe… vinidhāya saññaṃ uddesena…pe… vinidhāya saññaṃ voharanto…pe… vinidhāya saññaṃ anussāvanena…pe… vinidhāya saññaṃ salākaggāhena – imehi kho, upāli, pañcahaṅgehi samannāgato saṅghabhedako āpāyiko nerayiko kappaṭṭho atekiccho’’ti.
「又,伍巴离,具足另外五支的破僧者是堕恶趣者、地狱有情、住劫者、无救者。哪五种?伍巴离,这里,比库以非法为法而说示,以法为非法而说示,以非律为律而说示,以律为非律而说示,以安置想通过甘马……以安置想通过诵出……以安置想而说……以安置想通过教诫……以安置想通过取筹——伍巴离,具足这五支的破僧者是堕恶趣者、地狱有情、住劫者、无救者。」
Saṅghabhedakavaggo niṭṭhito ekādasamo. · 破僧品完,第十一
Tassuddānaṃ – · 其偈颂
Vinidhāya diṭṭhiṃ kammena, uddese voharena ca;
以安置见通过甘马、诵出及说;
Anussāvane salākena, pañcete diṭṭhinissitā;
以教诫及筹,这五种依于见;
Khantiṃ ruciñca saññañca, tayo te pañcadhā nayāti.
忍、欲与想,这三种各有五种方式。
12. Dutiyasaṅghabhedakavaggo12. 第二破僧品
§460
‘‘Katihi nu kho, bhante, aṅgehi samannāgato saṅghabhedako na āpāyiko na nerayiko na kappaṭṭho na atekiccho’’ti? ‘‘Pañcahupāli, aṅgehi samannāgato saṅghabhedako na āpāyiko na nerayiko na kappaṭṭho na atekiccho. Katamehi pañcahi? Idhupāli, bhikkhu adhammaṃ dhammoti dīpeti, dhammaṃ adhammoti dīpeti , avinayaṃ vinayoti dīpeti, vinayaṃ avinayoti dīpeti, avinidhāya diṭṭhiṃ kammena – imehi kho, upāli, pañcahaṅgehi samannāgato saṅghabhedako na āpāyiko na nerayiko na kappaṭṭho na atekiccho.
「大德,具足多少支的破僧者不是堕恶趣者、不是地狱有情、不是住劫者、不是无救者?」「伍巴离,具足五支的破僧者不是堕恶趣者、不是地狱有情、不是住劫者、不是无救者。哪五种?伍巴离,这里,比库以非法为法而说示,以法为非法而说示,以非律为律而说示,以律为非律而说示,不安置见通过甘马——伍巴离,具足这五支的破僧者不是堕恶趣者、不是地狱有情、不是住劫者、不是无救者。
‘‘Aparehipi, upāli, pañcahaṅgehi samannāgato saṅghabhedako na āpāyiko na nerayiko na kappaṭṭho na atekiccho. Katamehi pañcahi? Idhupāli, bhikkhu adhammaṃ dhammoti dīpeti, dhammaṃ adhammoti dīpeti, avinayaṃ vinayoti dīpeti, vinayaṃ avinayoti dīpeti, avinidhāya diṭṭhiṃ uddesena – imehi kho, upāli, pañcahaṅgehi samannāgato saṅghabhedako na āpāyiko na nerayiko na kappaṭṭho na atekiccho.
又,伍巴离,具足另外五支的破僧者不是堕恶趣者、不是地狱有情、不是住劫者、不是无救者。哪五种?伍巴离,这里,比库以非法为法而说示,以法为非法而说示,以非律为律而说示,以律为非律而说示,不安置见通过诵出——伍巴离,具足这五支的破僧者不是堕恶趣者、不是地狱有情、不是住劫者、不是无救者。
‘‘Aparehipi, upāli, pañcahaṅgehi samannāgato saṅghabhedako na āpāyiko na nerayiko na kappaṭṭho na atekiccho. Katamehi pañcahi? Idhupāli, bhikkhu adhammaṃ dhammoti dīpeti, dhammaṃ adhammoti dīpeti, avinayaṃ vinayoti dīpeti, vinayaṃ avinayoti dīpeti, avinidhāya diṭṭhiṃ voharanto. Imehi kho, upāli, pañcahaṅgehi samannāgato saṅghabhedako na āpāyiko na nerayiko na kappaṭṭho na atekiccho.
又,伍巴离,具足另外五支的破僧者不是堕恶趣者、不是地狱有情、不是住劫者、不是无救者。哪五种?伍巴离,这里,比库以非法为法而说示,以法为非法而说示,以非律为律而说示,以律为非律而说示,不安置见而说。伍巴离,具足这五支的破僧者不是堕恶趣者、不是地狱有情、不是住劫者、不是无救者。
‘‘Aparehipi, upāli, pañcahaṅgehi samannāgato saṅghabhedako na āpāyiko na nerayiko na kappaṭṭho na atekiccho. Katamehi pañcahi? Idhupāli, bhikkhu adhammaṃ dhammoti dīpeti, dhammaṃ adhammoti dīpeti, avinayaṃ vinayoti dīpeti, vinayaṃ avinayoti dīpeti, avinidhāya diṭṭhiṃ anussāvanena – imehi kho, upāli, pañcahaṅgehi samannāgato saṅghabhedako na āpāyiko na nerayiko na kappaṭṭho na atekiccho.
又,伍巴离,具足另外五支的破僧者不是堕恶趣者、不是地狱有情、不是住劫者、不是无救者。哪五种?伍巴离,这里,比库以非法为法而说示,以法为非法而说示,以非律为律而说示,以律为非律而说示,不安置见通过教诫——伍巴离,具足这五支的破僧者不是堕恶趣者、不是地狱有情、不是住劫者、不是无救者。
‘‘Aparehipi, upāli, pañcahaṅgehi samannāgato saṅghabhedako na āpāyiko na nerayiko na kappaṭṭho na atekiccho. Katamehi pañcahi? Idhupāli, bhikkhu adhammaṃ dhammoti dīpeti, dhammaṃ adhammoti dīpeti, avinayaṃ vinayoti dīpeti, vinayaṃ avinayoti dīpeti, avinidhāya diṭṭhiṃ salākaggāhena – imehi kho, upāli, pañcahaṅgehi samannāgato saṅghabhedako na āpāyiko na nerayiko na kappaṭṭho na atekiccho.
「又,伍巴离,具足另外五支的破僧者不堕恶趣、不堕地狱、不住一劫、不是无救者。哪五种?伍巴离,这里,比库宣说非法为法,宣说法为非法,宣说非律为律,宣说律为非律,不确定见而取筹——伍巴离,具足这五支的破僧者不堕恶趣、不堕地狱、不住一劫、不是无救者。」
‘‘Aparehipi, upāli, pañcahaṅgehi samannāgato saṅghabhedako na āpāyiko na nerayiko na kappaṭṭho na atekiccho. Katamehi pañcahi? Idhupāli, bhikkhu adhammaṃ dhammoti dīpeti, dhammaṃ adhammoti dīpeti, avinayaṃ vinayoti dīpeti, vinayaṃ avinayoti dīpeti, avinidhāya khantiṃ kammena…pe… avinidhāya khantiṃ uddesena…pe… avinidhāya khantiṃ voharanto…pe… avinidhāya khantiṃ anussāvanena…pe… avinidhāya khantiṃ salākaggāhena – imehi kho, upāli, pañcahaṅgehi samannāgato saṅghabhedako na āpāyiko na nerayiko na kappaṭṭho na atekiccho.
「又,伍巴离,具足另外五支的破僧者不堕恶趣、不堕地狱、不住一劫、不是无救者。哪五种?伍巴离,这里,比库宣说非法为法,宣说法为非法,宣说非律为律,宣说律为非律,不确定忍而以业……不确定忍而以诵出……不确定忍而说……不确定忍而以教诵……不确定忍而取筹——伍巴离,具足这五支的破僧者不堕恶趣、不堕地狱、不住一劫、不是无救者。」
‘‘Aparehipi , upāli, pañcahaṅgehi samannāgato saṅghabhedako na āpāyiko na nerayiko na kappaṭṭho na atekiccho. Katamehi pañcahi? Idhupāli, bhikkhu adhammaṃ dhammoti dīpeti, dhammaṃ adhammoti dīpeti, avinayaṃ vinayoti dīpeti, vinayaṃ avinayoti dīpeti, avinidhāya ruciṃ kammena…pe… avinidhāya ruciṃ uddesena…pe… avinidhāya ruciṃ voharanto…pe… avinidhāya ruciṃ anussāvanena…pe… avinidhāya ruciṃ salākaggāhena – imehi kho, upāli, pañcahaṅgehi samannāgato saṅghabhedako na āpāyiko na nerayiko na kappaṭṭho na atekiccho.
「又,伍巴离,具足另外五支的破僧者不堕恶趣、不堕地狱、不住一劫、不是无救者。哪五种?伍巴离,这里,比库宣说非法为法,宣说法为非法,宣说非律为律,宣说律为非律,不确定欲而以业……不确定欲而以诵出……不确定欲而说……不确定欲而以教诵……不确定欲而取筹——伍巴离,具足这五支的破僧者不堕恶趣、不堕地狱、不住一劫、不是无救者。」
‘‘Aparehipi, upāli, pañcahaṅgehi samannāgato saṅghabhedako na āpāyiko na nerayiko na kappaṭṭho na atekiccho. Katamehi pañcahi? Idhupāli, bhikkhu adhammaṃ dhammoti dīpeti, dhammaṃ adhammoti dīpeti, avinayaṃ vinayoti dīpeti, vinayaṃ avinayoti dīpeti, avinidhāya saññaṃ kammena…pe… avinidhāya saññaṃ uddesena…pe… avinidhāya saññaṃ voharanto…pe… avinidhāya saññaṃ anussāvanena…pe… avinidhāya saññaṃ salākaggāhena – imehi kho, upāli, pañcahaṅgehi samannāgato saṅghabhedako na āpāyiko na nerayiko na kappaṭṭho na atekiccho’’ti.
「又,伍巴离,具足另外五支的破僧者不堕恶趣、不堕地狱、不住一劫、不是无救者。哪五种?伍巴离,这里,比库宣说非法为法,宣说法为非法,宣说非律为律,宣说律为非律,不确定想而以业……不确定想而以诵出……不确定想而说……不确定想而以教诵……不确定想而取筹——伍巴离,具足这五支的破僧者不堕恶趣、不堕地狱、不住一劫、不是无救者。」
Dutiyasaṅghabhedakavaggo niṭṭhito dvādasamo. · 第二破僧品完,第十二
Tassuddānaṃ – · 其偈颂
Avinidhāya diṭṭhiṃ kammena, uddese voharena ca;
不确定见而以业,以诵出、以说,
Anussāvane salākena, pañcete diṭṭhinissitā.
以教诵、以筹,这五种依于见。
Khantiṃ ruciñca saññañca, tayo te pañcadhā nayā.
忍、欲与想,这三种各以五种方式。
Heṭṭhime kaṇhapakkhamhi, samavīsati vidhī yathā;
下面黑分中,如是有二十种方式。
Tatheva sukkapakkhamhi, samavīsati jānathāti.
同样地,在白分,应知二十。
13. Āvāsikavaggo13. 住处品
§461
‘‘Katihi nu kho, bhante, aṅgehi samannāgato āvāsiko bhikkhu yathābhataṃ nikkhitto evaṃ niraye’’ti? ‘‘Pañcahupāli, aṅgehi samannāgato āvāsiko bhikkhu yathābhataṃ nikkhitto evaṃ niraye . Katamehi pañcahi? Chandāgatiṃ gacchati, dosāgatiṃ gacchati, mohāgatiṃ gacchati, bhayāgatiṃ gacchati, saṅghikaṃ puggalikaparibhogena paribhuñjati – imehi kho, upāli, pañcahaṅgehi samannāgato āvāsiko bhikkhu yathābhataṃ nikkhitto evaṃ niraye.
「尊者,具足多少支的住处比库如所负担般被投入地狱?」「伍巴离,具足五支的住处比库如所负担般被投入地狱。哪五支?因欲而行,因嗔而行,因痴而行,因怖而行,以个人受用享用僧伽物——伍巴离,具足这五支的住处比库如所负担般被投入地狱。」
‘‘Pañcahupāli, aṅgehi samannāgato āvāsiko bhikkhu yathābhataṃ nikkhitto evaṃ sagge. Katamehi pañcahi? Na chandāgatiṃ gacchati, na dosāgatiṃ gacchati, na mohāgatiṃ gacchati, na bhayāgatiṃ gacchati, saṅghikaṃ na puggalikaparibhogena paribhuñjati – imehi kho, upāli, pañcahaṅgehi samannāgato āvāsiko bhikkhu yathābhataṃ nikkhitto evaṃ sagge’’ti.
「伍巴离,具足五支的住处比库如所负担般被投入天界。哪五支?不因欲而行,不因嗔而行,不因痴而行,不因怖而行,不以个人受用享用僧伽物——伍巴离,具足这五支的住处比库如所负担般被投入天界。」
§462
‘‘Kati nu kho, bhante, adhammikā vinayabyākaraṇā’’ti? ‘‘Pañcime, upāli, adhammikā vinayabyākaraṇā. Katame pañca? Idhupāli, bhikkhu adhammaṃ dhammoti pariṇāmeti, dhammaṃ adhammoti pariṇāmeti, avinayaṃ vinayoti pariṇāmeti, vinayaṃ avinayoti pariṇāmeti , apaññattaṃ paññāpeti, paññattaṃ samucchindati – ime kho, upāli, pañca adhammikā vinayabyākaraṇā. Pañcime, upāli, dhammikā vinayabyākaraṇā. Katame pañca? Idhupāli, bhikkhu adhammaṃ adhammoti pariṇāmeti, dhammaṃ dhammoti pariṇāmeti, avinayaṃ avinayoti pariṇāmeti, vinayaṃ vinayoti pariṇāmeti, apaññattaṃ na paññapeti, paññattaṃ na samucchindati – ime kho, upāli, pañca dhammikā vinayabyākaraṇā’’ti.
「尊者,有多少非法的律分别论?」「伍巴离,有这五种非法的律分别论。哪五种?伍巴离,这里,比库将非法判定为法,将法判定为非法,将非律判定为律,将律判定为非律,制定未制定的,废除已制定的——伍巴离,这是五种非法的律分别论。伍巴离,有这五种如法的律分别论。哪五种?伍巴离,这里,比库将非法判定为非法,将法判定为法,将非律判定为非律,将律判定为律,不制定未制定的,不废除已制定的——伍巴离,这是五种如法的律分别论。」
§463
‘‘Katihi nu kho, bhante, aṅgehi samannāgato bhattuddesako yathābhataṃ nikkhitto evaṃ niraye’’ti? ‘‘Pañcahupāli, aṅgehi samannāgato bhattuddesako yathābhataṃ nikkhitto evaṃ niraye. Katamehi pañcahi? Chandāgatiṃ gacchati, dosāgatiṃ gacchati, mohāgatiṃ gacchati, bhayāgatiṃ gacchati, uddiṭṭhānuddiṭṭhaṃ na jānāti – imehi kho, upāli, pañcahaṅgehi samannāgato bhattuddesako yathābhataṃ nikkhitto evaṃ niraye.
「尊者,具足多少支的食物分配者如所负担般被投入地狱?」「伍巴离,具足五支的食物分配者如所负担般被投入地狱。哪五支?因欲而行,因嗔而行,因痴而行,因怖而行,不知已分配与未分配——伍巴离,具足这五支的食物分配者如所负担般被投入地狱。」
‘‘Pañcahupāli, aṅgehi samannāgato bhattuddesako yathābhataṃ nikkhitto evaṃ sagge. Katamehi pañcahi? Na chandāgatiṃ gacchati, na dosāgatiṃ gacchati, na mohāgatiṃ gacchati, na bhayāgatiṃ gacchati, uddiṭṭhānuddiṭṭhaṃ jānāti – imehi kho, upāli, pañcahaṅgehi samannāgato bhattuddesako yathābhataṃ nikkhitto evaṃ sagge’’ti.
「伍巴离,具足五支的食物分配者如所负担般被投入天界。哪五支?不因欲而行,不因嗔而行,不因痴而行,不因怖而行,知已分配与未分配——伍巴离,具足这五支的食物分配者如所负担般被投入天界。」
§464
‘‘Katihi nu kho, bhante, aṅgehi samannāgato senāsanapaññāpako…pe… bhaṇḍāgāriko…pe… cīvarapaṭiggāhako…pe… cīvarabhājako…pe… yāgubhājako…pe… phalabhājako…pe… khajjabhājako…pe… appamattakavissajjako…pe… sāṭiyaggāhāpako…pe… pattaggāhāpako…pe… ārāmikapesako…pe… sāmaṇerapesako yathābhataṃ nikkhitto evaṃ niraye’’ti? ‘‘Pañcahupāli, aṅgehi samannāgato sāmaṇerapesako yathābhataṃ nikkhitto evaṃ niraye. Katamehi pañcahi? Chandāgatiṃ gacchati, dosāgatiṃ gacchati, mohāgatiṃ gacchati, bhayāgatiṃ gacchati, pesitāpesitaṃ na jānāti – imehi kho, upāli, pañcahaṅgehi samannāgato sāmaṇerapesako yathābhataṃ nikkhitto evaṃ niraye. Pañcahupāli, aṅgehi samannāgato sāmaṇerapesako yathābhataṃ nikkhitto evaṃ sagge. Katamehi pañcahi? Na chandāgatiṃ gacchati, na dosāgatiṃ gacchati, na mohāgatiṃ gacchati, na bhayāgatiṃ gacchati, pesitāpesitaṃ jānāti – imehi kho, upāli, pañcahaṅgehi samannāgato sāmaṇerapesako yathābhataṃ nikkhitto evaṃ sagge’’ti.
「尊者,具足多少支的住所分配者……库房管理者……衣接受者……衣分配者……粥分配者……果分配者……副食分配者……少量物品分发者……布片接受者……钵接受者……园民差遣者……沙玛内拉差遣者如所负担般被投入地狱?」「伍巴离,具足五支的沙玛内拉差遣者如所负担般被投入地狱。哪五支?因欲而行,因嗔而行,因痴而行,因怖而行,不知已差遣与未差遣——伍巴离,具足这五支的沙玛内拉差遣者如所负担般被投入地狱。伍巴离,具足五支的沙玛内拉差遣者如所负担般被投入天界。哪五支?不因欲而行,不因嗔而行,不因痴而行,不因怖而行,知已差遣与未差遣——伍巴离,具足这五支的沙玛内拉差遣者如所负担般被投入天界。」
Āvāsikavaggo niṭṭhito terasamo. · 住处品完,第十三
Tassuddānaṃ – · 其偈颂
Āvāsikabyākaraṇā , bhattusenāsanāni ca;
住处者的分别论,食物与住所,
Bhaṇḍacīvaraggāho ca, cīvarassa ca bhājako.
持物衣者,以及衣的分配者。
Yāgu phalaṃ khajjakañca, appasāṭiyagāhako;
粥、水果和副食,少衣的持取者;
Patto ārāmiko ceva, sāmaṇerena pesakoti.
钵、园林管理者,以及沙玛内拉的使者。
14. Kathinatthāravaggo14. 咖提那衣展开品
§465
‘‘Kati nu kho, bhante, ānisaṃsā kathinatthāre’’ti? ‘‘Pañcime, upāli, ānisaṃsā kathinatthāre. Katame pañca? Anāmantacāro, asamādānacāro, gaṇabhojanaṃ, yāvadatthacīvaraṃ, yo ca tattha cīvaruppādo so nesaṃ bhavissati – ime kho, upāli, pañca ānisaṃsā kathinatthāre’’ti.
「尊者,咖提那衣舍有多少利益?」「伍巴离,咖提那衣舍有这五种利益。哪五种?不告辞而行、不受持而行、众食、随意衣,以及在那里所生起的衣将属于他们——伍巴离,这些是咖提那衣舍的五种利益。」
§466
‘‘Kati nu kho, bhante, ādīnavā muṭṭhassatissa asampajānassa niddaṃ okkamato’’ti? ‘‘Pañcime, upāli, ādīnavā muṭṭhassatissa asampajānassa niddaṃ okkamato. Katame pañca? Dukkhaṃ supati, dukkhaṃ paṭibujjhati, pāpakaṃ supinaṃ passati, devatā na rakkhanti, asuci muccati – ime kho, upāli, pañca ādīnavā muṭṭhassatissa asampajānassa niddaṃ okkamato. Pañcime, upāli, ānisaṃsā upaṭṭhitassatissa sampajānassa niddaṃ okkamato. Katame pañca? Sukhaṃ supati, sukhaṃ paṭibujjhati, na pāpakaṃ supinaṃ passati, devatā rakkhanti, asuci na muccati – ime kho, upāli, pañca ānisaṃsā upaṭṭhitassatissa sampajānassa niddaṃ okkamato’’ti.
「尊者,失念、不正知地入睡有多少过患?」「伍巴离,失念、不正知地入睡有这五种过患。哪五种?苦睡、苦醒、见恶梦、诸天不守护、须跋流出——伍巴离,这些是失念、不正知地入睡的五种过患。伍巴离,现起念、正知地入睡有这五种利益。哪五种?乐睡、乐醒、不见恶梦、诸天守护、须跋不流出——伍巴离,这些是现起念、正知地入睡的五种利益。」
§467
‘‘Kati nu kho, bhante, avandiyā’’ti? ‘‘Pañcime, upāli, avandiyā. Katame pañca? Antaragharaṃ paviṭṭho avandiyo, racchagato avandiyo, otamasiko avandiyo, asamannāharanto avandiyo, sutto avandiyo – ime kho, upāli, pañca avandiyā.
「尊者,有多少不应礼敬者?」「伍巴离,有这五种不应礼敬者。哪五种?进入俗家者不应礼敬、在路上者不应礼敬、在黑暗中者不应礼敬、不一起来者不应礼敬、睡眠者不应礼敬——伍巴离,这些是五种不应礼敬者。」
‘‘Aparepi, upāli, pañca avandiyā. Katame pañca? Yāgupāne avandiyo, bhattagge avandiyo, ekāvatto avandiyo, aññavihito avandiyo, naggo avandiyo – ime kho, upāli, pañca avandiyā.
「伍巴离,还有另外五种不应礼敬者。哪五种?在粥堂不应礼敬、在食堂不应礼敬、单披者不应礼敬、指定为其他事者不应礼敬、裸体者不应礼敬——伍巴离,这些是五种不应礼敬者。」
‘‘Aparepi , upāli, pañca avandiyā. Katame pañca? Khādanto avandiyo, bhuñjanto avandiyo, uccāraṃ karonto avandiyo, passāvaṃ karonto avandiyo, ukkhittako avandiyo – ime kho, upāli, pañca avandiyā.
「伍巴离,还有另外五种不应礼敬者。哪五种?副食者不应礼敬、吃食者不应礼敬、大便者不应礼敬、小便者不应礼敬、被举罪者不应礼敬——伍巴离,这些是五种不应礼敬者。」
‘‘Aparepi, upāli, pañca avandiyā . Katame pañca? Pure upasampannena pacchā upasampanno avandiyo, anupasampanno avandiyo, nānāsaṃvāsako vuḍḍhataro adhammavādī avandiyo, mātugāmo avandiyo, paṇḍako avandiyo – ime kho, upāli, pañca avandiyā.
「又,伍巴离,有五种不应礼敬者。哪五种?先受具足者不应礼敬后受具足者,不应礼敬未受具足者,不应礼敬异住的长老说非法者,不应礼敬女人,不应礼敬般荼咖——伍巴离,这是五种不应礼敬者。
‘‘Aparepi, upāli, pañca avandiyā. Katame pañca? Pārivāsiko avandiyo, mūlāyapaṭikassanāraho avandiyo, mānattāraho avandiyo, mānattacāriko avandiyo, abbhānāraho avandiyo – ime kho, upāli, pañca avandiyā’’ti.
又,伍巴离,有五种不应礼敬者。哪五种?不应礼敬行别住者,不应礼敬应退回原本者,不应礼敬应马那答者,不应礼敬行马那答者,不应礼敬应出罪者——伍巴离,这是五种不应礼敬者。」
§468
‘‘Kati nu kho, bhante, vandiyā’’ti? ‘‘Pañcime, upāli, vandiyā. Katame pañca? Pacchā upasampannena pure upasampanno vandiyo, nānāsaṃvāsako vuḍḍhataro dhammavādī vandiyo, ācariyo vandiyo, upajjhāyo vandiyo, sadevake loke samārake sabrahmake sassamaṇabrāhmaṇiyā pajāya sadevamanussāya tathāgato arahaṃ sammāsambuddho vandiyo – ime kho, upāli, pañca vandiyā’’ti.
「大德,有多少应礼敬者?」「伍巴离,有这五种应礼敬者。哪五种?后受具足者应礼敬先受具足者,异住的长老说法者应礼敬,应礼敬阿吒利亚,应礼敬伍巴迦亚,在有天的世间、有魔的世间、有梵天的世间、有沙门婆罗门的众生界、有天人的世间,如来、阿拉汉、正等正觉者应礼敬——伍巴离,这是五种应礼敬者。」
§469
‘‘Navakatarena, bhante, bhikkhunā vuḍḍhatarassa bhikkhuno pāde vandantena kati dhamme ajjhattaṃ upaṭṭhāpetvā pādā vanditabbā’’ti? ‘‘Navakatarenupāli, bhikkhunā vuḍḍhatarassa bhikkhuno pāde vandantena pañca dhamme ajjhattaṃ upaṭṭhāpetvā pādā vanditabbā. Katame pañca? Navakatarenupāli, bhikkhunā vuḍḍhatarassa bhikkhuno pāde vandantena ekaṃsaṃ uttarāsaṅgaṃ karitvā, añjaliṃ paggahetvā , ubhohi pāṇitalehi pādāni parisambāhantena, pemañca gāravañca upaṭṭhāpetvā pādā vanditabbā – navakatarenupāli bhikkhunā vuḍḍhatarassa bhikkhuno pāde vandantena ime pañca dhamme ajjhattaṃ upaṭṭhāpetvā pādā vanditabbā’’ti.
「大德,新比库礼敬长老比库的足时,现起多少内在的法后应礼敬足?」「伍巴离,新比库礼敬长老比库的足时,现起五种内在的法后应礼敬足。哪五种?伍巴离,新比库礼敬长老比库的足时,偏袒上衣后,合掌后,以双手掌按摩足后,现起慈与恭敬后应礼敬足——伍巴离,新比库礼敬长老比库的足时,现起这五种内在的法后应礼敬足。」
Kathinatthāravaggo niṭṭhito cuddasamo. · 咖提那衣展开品完,第十四
Tassuddānaṃ – · 其偈颂
Kathinatthāraniddā ca, antarā yāgukhādane;
迦提那衣的铺展,以及在粥与副食之间;
Pure ca pārivāsi ca, vandiyo vanditabbakanti.
先前与行别住者,应礼敬与应礼敬者。
Upālipañcakaṃ niṭṭhitaṃ. · 伍巴离五法完
Tesaṃ vaggānaṃ uddānaṃ · 彼等诸品之摄颂
Anissitena kammañca, vohārāvikammena ca;
无依止者的甘马,以及诤事的甘马;
Codanā ca dhutaṅgā ca, musā bhikkhunimeva ca.
举罪与头陀支,以及妄语比库尼。
Ubbāhikādhikaraṇaṃ, bhedakā pañcamā pure;
举罪诤事,破僧者为第五;
Āvāsikā kathinañca, cuddasā suppakāsitāti.
住处者与咖提那,十四已善说。