Mahāsaṅgāmo大论战
Mahāsaṅgāmo大论战
1. Voharantena jānitabbādi1. 由说话者应知等
§368
Saṅgāmāvacare bhikkhunā saṅghe voharantena vatthu jānitabbaṃ, vipatti jānitabbā, āpatti jānitabbā, nidānaṃ jānitabbaṃ, ākāro jānitabbo, pubbāparaṃ jānitabbaṃ, katākataṃ jānitabbaṃ, kammaṃ jānitabbaṃ, adhikaraṇaṃ jānitabbaṃ, samatho jānitabbo, na chandāgati gantabbā, na dosāgati gantabbā, na mohāgati gantabbā, na bhayāgati gantabbā, saññāpanīye ṭhāne saññāpetabbaṃ, nijjhāpanīye ṭhāne nijjhāpetabbaṃ, pekkhanīye ṭhāne pekkhitabbaṃ, pasādanīye ṭhāne pasādetabbaṃ, laddhapakkhomhīti parapakkho nāvajānitabbo, bahussutomhīti appassuto nāvajānitabbo, therataromhīti navakataro nāvajānitabbo, asampattaṃ na byāhātabbaṃ, sampattaṃ dhammato vinayato na parihāpetabbaṃ, yena dhammena yena vinayena yena satthusāsanena taṃ adhikaraṇaṃ vūpasammati, tathā taṃ adhikaraṇaṃ vūpasametabbaṃ.
在僧团中争论的比库应当知道事,应当知道失,应当知道罪,应当知道因缘,应当知道方式,应当知道前后,应当知道已作未作,应当知道甘马,应当知道诤事,应当知道止灭,不应以欲而行,不应以嗔而行,不应以痴而行,不应以怖而行,在应令理解之处应令理解,在应令思择之处应令思择,在应观察之处应观察,在应令欢喜之处应令欢喜,不应以「我已得一方」而轻视对方,不应以「我多闻」而轻视少闻者,不应以「我较长老」而轻视较新者,不应说未成就者,不应从法、从律使已成就者退失,依何法、依何律、依何导师教而此诤事止灭,应如是止灭此诤事。
§369
Vatthu nti aṭṭhapārājikānaṃ vatthu jānitabbaṃ, tevīsasaṅghādisesānaṃ vatthu jānitabbaṃ, dveaniyatānaṃ vatthu jānitabbaṃ, dvecattārīsanissaggiyānaṃ vatthu jānitabbaṃ, aṭṭhāsītisatapācittiyānaṃ vatthu jānitabbaṃ, dvādasapāṭidesanīyānaṃ vatthu jānitabbaṃ, dukkaṭānaṃ vatthu jānitabbaṃ, dubbhāsitānaṃ vatthu jānitabbaṃ.
「事」:应当知道八巴拉基咖的事,应当知道二十三桑喀地谢萨的事,应当知道二不定的事,应当知道三十尼萨耆亚的事,应当知道九十二巴吉帝亚的事,应当知道十二巴吉德萨尼亚的事,应当知道诸恶作的事,应当知道诸恶说的事。
§370
ti sīlavipatti jānitabbā, ācāravipatti jānitabbā, diṭṭhivipatti jānitabbā, ājīvavipatti jānitabbā.
「失」:应当知道戒失,应当知道行失,应当知道见失,应当知道命失。
§371
ti pārājikāpatti jānitabbā, saṅghādisesāpatti jānitabbā, thullaccayāpatti jānitabbā, pācittiyāpatti jānitabbā, pāṭidesanīyāpatti jānitabbā, dukkaṭāpatti jānitabbā, dubbhāsitāpatti jānitabbā.
「罪」:应当知道巴拉基咖罪,应当知道桑喀地谢萨罪,应当知道土喇吒亚罪,应当知道巴吉帝亚罪,应当知道巴吉德萨尼亚罪,应当知道恶作罪,应当知道恶说罪。
§372
nti aṭṭhapārājikānaṃ nidānaṃ jānitabbaṃ, tevīsasaṅghādisesānaṃ nidānaṃ jānitabbaṃ, dveaniyatānaṃ nidānaṃ jānitabbaṃ, dvecattārīsanissaggiyānaṃ nidānaṃ jānitabbaṃ, aṭṭhāsītisatapācittiyānaṃ nidānaṃ jānitabbaṃ, dvādasapāṭidesanīyānaṃ nidānaṃ jānitabbaṃ, dukkaṭānaṃ nidānaṃ jānitabbaṃ, dubbhāsitānaṃ nidānaṃ jānitabbaṃ.
「因缘」:应当知道八巴拉基咖的因缘,应当知道二十三桑喀地谢萨的因缘,应当知道二不定的因缘,应当知道三十尼萨耆亚的因缘,应当知道九十二巴吉帝亚的因缘,应当知道十二巴吉德萨尼亚的因缘,应当知道诸恶作的因缘,应当知道诸恶说的因缘。
§373
ti saṅgho ākārato jānitabbo, gaṇo ākārato jānitabbo, puggalo ākārato jānitabbo, codako ākārato jānitabbo, cuditako ākārato jānitabbo . ti paṭibalo nu kho ayaṃ saṅgho imaṃ adhikaraṇaṃ vūpasametuṃ dhammena vinayena satthusāsanena udāhu noti, evaṃ saṅgho ākārato jānitabbo. ti paṭibalo nu kho ayaṃ gaṇo imaṃ adhikaraṇaṃ vūpasametuṃ dhammena vinayena satthusāsanena udāhu noti, evaṃ gaṇo ākārato jānitabbo . ti paṭibalo nu kho ayaṃ puggalo imaṃ adhikaraṇaṃ vūpasametuṃ dhammena vinayena satthusāsanena udāhu noti, evaṃ puggalo ākārato jānitabbo. ti kacci nu kho ayamāyasmā pañcasu dhammesu patiṭṭhāya paraṃ codeti udāhu noti, evaṃ codako ākārato jānitabbo. ti kacci nu kho ayamāyasmā dvīsu dhammesu patiṭṭhito sacce ca akuppe ca udāhu noti, evaṃ cuditako ākārato jānitabbo.
「方式」:应当知道僧团的方式,应当知道众的方式,应当知道个人的方式,应当知道举罪者的方式,应当知道被举罪者的方式。「僧团的方式」:「此僧团是否有能力依法、依律、依导师教止灭此诤事,或者不能?」如是应当知道僧团的方式。「众的方式」:「此众是否有能力依法、依律、依导师教止灭此诤事,或者不能?」如是应当知道众的方式。「个人的方式」:「此个人是否有能力依法、依律、依导师教止灭此诤事,或者不能?」如是应当知道个人的方式。「举罪者的方式」:「此具寿是否确实安立于五法而举罪他人,或者不是?」如是应当知道举罪者的方式。「被举罪者的方式」:「此具寿是否确实安立于二法——真实与不动,或者不是?」如是应当知道被举罪者的方式。
§374
nti kacci nu kho ayamāyasmā vatthuto vā vatthuṃ saṅkamati, vipattito vā vipattiṃ saṅkamati, āpattito vā āpattiṃ saṅkamati, avajānitvā vā paṭijānāti, paṭijānitvā vā avajānāti, aññena vā aññaṃ paṭicarati, udāhu noti, evaṃ pubbāparaṃ jānitabbaṃ.
「前后」:「此具寿是否从事转移为事,或从失转移为失,或从罪转移为罪,或轻视而承认,或承认而轻视,或以别的代替别的,或者不是?」如是应当知道前后。
§375
nti methunadhammo jānitabbo, methunadhammassa anulomaṃ jānitabbaṃ, methunadhammassa pubbabhāgo jānitabbo. ti dvayaṃdvayasamāpatti jānitabbā. nti bhikkhu attano mukhena parassa aṅgajātaṃ gaṇhāti . ti vaṇṇāvaṇṇo , kāyasaṃsaggo, duṭṭhullavācā, attakāmapāricariyā, vacanamanuppadānaṃ .
「已作未作」:应当知道交媾法,应当知道交媾法的随顺,应当知道交媾法的前分。「罪」:应当知道二二相合。「甘马」:比库以自己的口取他人的肢体。「诤事」:赞毁、身触、粗恶语、为自己的欲而奉侍、不给予言语。
§376
nti soḷasakammāni jānitabbāni – cattāri apalokanakammāni jānitabbāni, cattāri ñattikammāni jānitabbāni, cattāri ñattidutiyakammāni jānitabbāni, cattāri ñatticatutthakammāni jānitabbāni.
如此,应知十六种业:应知四种告白业,应知四种白业,应知四种白二业,应知四种白四业。
§377
nti cattāri adhikaraṇāni jānitabbāni – vivādādhikaraṇaṃ jānitabbaṃ, anuvādādhikaraṇaṃ jānitabbaṃ, āpattādhikaraṇaṃ jānitabbaṃ, kiccādhikaraṇaṃ jānitabbaṃ.
如此,应知四种诤事:应知诤论诤事,应知非难诤事,应知罪诤事,应知义务诤事。
§378
ti satta samathā jānitabbā – sammukhāvinayo jānitabbo, sativinayo jānitabbo, amūḷhavinayo jānitabbo, paṭiññātakaraṇaṃ jānitabbaṃ, yebhuyyasikā jānitabbā, tassapāpiyasikā jānitabbā, tiṇavatthārako jānitabbo.
如此,应知七种止诤法:应知现前毗尼,应知忆念毗尼,应知不痴毗尼,应知自认行,应知多数决,应知惩彼过,应知如草覆地。
2. Agatiagantabbo2. 不应去之不去
§379
ti chandāgatiṃ gacchanto kathaṃ chandāgatiṃ gacchati? Idhekacco – ‘‘ayaṃ me upajjhāyo vā ācariyo vā saddhivihāriko vā antevāsiko vā samānupajjhāyako vā samānācariyako vā sandiṭṭho vā sambhatto vā ñātisālohito vā’’ti, tassānukampāya tassānurakkhāya adhammaṃ dhammoti dīpeti, dhammaṃ adhammoti dīpeti, avinayaṃ vinayoti dīpeti, vinayaṃ avinayoti dīpeti, abhāsitaṃ alapitaṃ tathāgatena bhāsitaṃ lapitaṃ tathāgatenāti dīpeti, bhāsitaṃ lapitaṃ tathāgatena abhāsitaṃ alapitaṃ tathāgatenāti dīpeti, anāciṇṇaṃ tathāgatena āciṇṇaṃ tathāgatenāti dīpeti, āciṇṇaṃ tathāgatena anāciṇṇaṃ tathāgatenāti dīpeti, apaññattaṃ tathāgatena paññattaṃ tathāgatenāti dīpeti, paññattaṃ tathāgatena apaññattaṃ tathāgatenāti dīpeti, anāpattiṃ āpattīti dīpeti, āpattiṃ anāpattīti dīpeti, lahukaṃ āpattiṃ garukā āpattīti dīpeti, garukaṃ āpattiṃ lahukā āpattīti dīpeti, sāvasesaṃ āpattiṃ anavasesā āpattīti dīpeti, anavasesaṃ āpattiṃ sāvasesā āpattīti dīpeti, duṭṭhullaṃ āpattiṃ aduṭṭhullā āpattīti dīpeti, aduṭṭhullaṃ āpattiṃ duṭṭhullā āpattīti dīpeti. Imehi aṭṭhārasahi vatthūhi chandāgatiṃ gacchanto bahujanāhitāya paṭipanno hoti bahujanāsukhāya bahuno janassa anatthāya ahitāya dukkhāya devamanussānaṃ. Imehi aṭṭhārasahi vatthūhi chandāgatiṃ gacchanto khataṃ upahataṃ attānaṃ pariharati, sāvajjo ca hoti sānuvajjo ca viññūnaṃ, bahuñca apuññaṃ pasavati. Chandāgatiṃ gacchanto evaṃ chandāgatiṃ gacchati.
如此,趣向欲行者如何趣向欲行?于此,某人「这是我的戒师或老师或同戒师者或弟子或同戒师者或同老师者或所见者或所亲者或血亲」,为了怜悯他、为了保护他,显示非法为法,显示法为非法,显示非律为律,显示律为非律,显示如来未说未语为如来已说已语,显示如来已说已语为如来未说未语,显示如来未行为如来已行,显示如来已行为如来未行,显示如来未制为如来已制,显示如来已制为如来未制,显示非罪为罪,显示罪为非罪,显示轻罪为重罪,显示重罪为轻罪,显示有余罪为无余罪,显示无余罪为有余罪,显示粗重罪为非粗重罪,显示非粗重罪为粗重罪。以此十八事趣向欲行者,行于众人无益、众人无乐、众多人无利、无益、苦于天人。以此十八事趣向欲行者,护持已毁坏的自己,有罪且有过于智者,产生许多非福。趣向欲行者如此趣向欲行。
§380
ti dosāgatiṃ gacchanto kathaṃ dosāgatiṃ gacchati? Idhekacco anatthaṃ me acarīti āghātaṃ bandhati, anatthaṃ me caratīti āghātaṃ bandhati, anatthaṃ me carissatīti āghātaṃ bandhati, piyassa me manāpassa anatthaṃ acari… anatthaṃ carati… anatthaṃ carissatīti āghātaṃ bandhati, appiyassa me amanāpassa atthaṃ acari… atthaṃ carati… atthaṃ carissatīti āghātaṃ bandhati. Imehi navahi āghātavatthūhi āghāto paṭighāto kuddho kodhābhibhūto adhammaṃ dhammoti dīpeti, dhammaṃ adhammoti dīpeti…pe… duṭṭhullaṃ āpattiṃ aduṭṭhullā āpattīti dīpeti, aduṭṭhullaṃ āpattiṃ duṭṭhullā āpattīti dīpeti. Imehi aṭṭhārasahi vatthūhi dosāgatiṃ gacchanto bahujanāhitāya paṭipanno hoti bahujanāsukhāya bahuno janassa anatthāya ahitāya dukkhāya devamanussānaṃ. Imehi aṭṭhārasahi vatthūhi dosāgatiṃ gacchanto khataṃ upahataṃ attānaṃ pariharati, sāvajjo ca hoti sānuvajjo ca viññūnaṃ bahuñca apuññaṃ pasavati. Dosāgatiṃ gacchanto evaṃ dosāgatiṃ gacchati.
如此,趣向嗔行者如何趣向嗔行?于此,某人「对我行无利」而结怨恨,「对我正行无利」而结怨恨,「对我将行无利」而结怨恨,「对我所爱所喜者行无利...正行无利...将行无利」而结怨恨,「对我不爱不喜者行利...正行利...将行利」而结怨恨。以此九种怨恨事,怨恨、愤怒、忿怒、为嗔所制伏,显示非法为法,显示法为非法...乃至...显示粗重罪为非粗重罪,显示非粗重罪为粗重罪。以此十八事趣向嗔行者,行于众人无益、众人无乐、众多人无利、无益、苦于天人。以此十八事趣向嗔行者,护持已毁坏的自己,有罪且有过于智者,产生许多非福。趣向嗔行者如此趣向嗔行。
§381
ti mohāgatiṃ gacchanto kathaṃ mohāgatiṃ gacchati? Ratto rāgavasena gacchati, duṭṭho dosavasena gacchati, mūḷho mohavasena gacchati, parāmaṭṭho diṭṭhivasena gacchati, mūḷho saṃmūḷho mohābhibhūto adhammaṃ dhammoti dīpeti, dhammaṃ adhammoti dīpeti…pe… duṭṭhullaṃ āpattiṃ aduṭṭhullā āpattīti dīpeti, aduṭṭhullaṃ āpattiṃ duṭṭhullā āpattīti dīpeti. Imehi aṭṭhārasahi vatthūhi mohāgatiṃ gacchanto bahujanāhitāya paṭipanno hoti bahujanāsukhāya bahuno janassa anatthāya ahitāya dukkhāya devamanussānaṃ. Imehi aṭṭhārasahi vatthūhi mohāgatiṃ gacchanto khataṃ upahataṃ attānaṃ pariharati, sāvajjo ca hoti sānuvajjo ca viññūnaṃ, bahuñca apuññaṃ pasavati. Mohāgatiṃ gacchanto evaṃ mohāgatiṃ gacchati.
如此,趣向痴行者如何趣向痴行?染者以贪之力而行,嗔者以嗔之力而行,痴者以痴之力而行,执取者以见之力而行,愚痴、极愚痴、为痴所制伏,显示非法为法,显示法为非法...乃至...显示粗重罪为非粗重罪,显示非粗重罪为粗重罪。以此十八事趣向痴行者,行于众人无益、众人无乐、众多人无利、无益、苦于天人。以此十八事趣向痴行者,护持已毁坏的自己,有罪且有过于智者,产生许多非福。趣向痴行者如此趣向痴行。
§382
ti bhayāgatiṃ gacchanto kathaṃ bhayāgatiṃ gacchati? Idhekacco – ‘‘ayaṃ visamanissito vā gahananissito vā balavanissito vā kakkhaḷo pharuso jīvitantarāyaṃ vā brahmacariyantarāyaṃ vā karissatī’’ti, tassa bhayā bhīto adhammaṃ dhammoti dīpeti, dhammaṃ adhammoti dīpeti, avinayaṃ vinayoti dīpeti, vinayaṃ avinayoti dīpeti, abhāsitaṃ alapitaṃ tathāgatena bhāsitaṃ lapitaṃ tathāgatenāti dīpeti, bhāsitaṃ lapitaṃ tathāgatena abhāsitaṃ alapitaṃ tathāgatenāti dīpeti, anāciṇṇaṃ tathāgatena āciṇṇaṃ tathāgatenāti dīpeti, āciṇṇaṃ tathāgatena anāciṇṇaṃ tathāgatenāti dīpeti, apaññattaṃ tathāgatena paññattaṃ tathāgatenāti dīpeti, paññattaṃ tathāgatena apaññattaṃ tathāgatenāti dīpeti, anāpattiṃ āpattīti dīpeti, āpattiṃ anāpattīti dīpeti, lahukaṃ āpattiṃ garukā āpattīti dīpeti, garukaṃ āpattiṃ lahukā āpattīti dīpeti, sāvasesaṃ āpattiṃ anavasesā āpattīti dīpeti, anavasesaṃ āpattiṃ sāvasesā āpattīti dīpeti, duṭṭhullaṃ āpattiṃ aduṭṭhullā āpattīti dīpeti, aduṭṭhullaṃ āpattiṃ duṭṭhullā āpattīti dīpeti. Imehi aṭṭhārasahi vatthūhi bhayāgatiṃ gacchanto bahujanāhitāya paṭipanno hoti bahujanāsukhāya bahuno janassa anatthāya ahitāya dukkhāya devamanussānaṃ. Imehi aṭṭhārasahi vatthūhi bhayāgatiṃ gacchanto khataṃ upahataṃ attānaṃ pariharati, sāvajjo ca hoti sānuvajjo ca viññūnaṃ, bahuñca apuññaṃ pasavati. Bhayāgatiṃ gacchanto evaṃ bhayāgatiṃ gacchati.
如此,趣向怖畏行者如何趣向怖畏行?于此,某人「这位依不平者或依密林者或依强力者,粗暴凶恶,将作命难或梵行难」,因对他的恐惧、畏惧,显示非法为法,显示法为非法,显示非律为律,显示律为非律,显示如来未说未语为如来已说已语,显示如来已说已语为如来未说未语,显示如来未行为如来已行,显示如来已行为如来未行,显示如来未制为如来已制,显示如来已制为如来未制,显示非罪为罪,显示罪为非罪,显示轻罪为重罪,显示重罪为轻罪,显示有余罪为无余罪,显示无余罪为有余罪,显示粗重罪为非粗重罪,显示非粗重罪为粗重罪。以此十八事趣向怖畏行者,行于众人无益、众人无乐、众多人无利、无益、苦于天人。以此十八事趣向怖畏行者,护持已毁坏的自己,有罪且有过于智者,产生许多非福。趣向怖畏行者如此趣向怖畏行。
Chandā dosā bhayā mohā, yo dhammaṃ ativattati;
因欲、因嗔、因怖畏、因痴,凡违越法者;
Nihīyati tassa yaso, kāḷapakkheva candimāti.
他的名声衰退,犹如黑分之月。
3. Agatiagamanaṃ3. 不应去之去
§383
? Adhammaṃ adhammoti dīpento na chandāgatiṃ gacchati, dhammaṃ dhammoti dīpento na chandāgatiṃ gacchati, avinayaṃ avinayoti dīpento na chandāgatiṃ gacchati, vinayaṃ vinayoti dīpento na chandāgatiṃ gacchati, abhāsitaṃ alapitaṃ tathāgatena abhāsitaṃ alapitaṃ tathāgatenāti dīpento na chandāgatiṃ gacchati, bhāsitaṃ lapitaṃ tathāgatena bhāsitaṃ lapitaṃ tathāgatenāti dīpento na chandāgatiṃ gacchati, anāciṇṇaṃ tathāgatena anāciṇṇaṃ tathāgatenāti dīpento na chandāgatiṃ gacchati, āciṇṇaṃ tathāgatena āciṇṇaṃ tathāgatenāti dīpento na chandāgatiṃ gacchati, apaññattaṃ tathāgatena apaññattaṃ tathāgatenāti dīpento na chandāgatiṃ gacchati, paññattaṃ tathāgatena paññattaṃ tathāgatenāti dīpento na chandāgatiṃ gacchati, anāpattiṃ anāpattīti dīpento na chandāgatiṃ gacchati, āpattiṃ āpattīti dīpento na chandāgatiṃ gacchati, lahukaṃ āpattiṃ lahukā āpattīti dīpento na chandāgatiṃ gacchati, garukaṃ āpattiṃ garukā āpattīti dīpento na chandāgatiṃ gacchati, sāvasesaṃ āpattiṃ sāvasesā āpattīti dīpento na chandāgatiṃ gacchati, anavasesaṃ āpattiṃ anavasesā āpattīti dīpento na chandāgatiṃ gacchati, duṭṭhullaṃ āpattiṃ duṭṭhullā āpattīti dīpento na chandāgatiṃ gacchati, aduṭṭhullaṃ āpattiṃ aduṭṭhullā āpattīti dīpento na chandāgatiṃ gacchati. Evaṃ na chandāgatiṃ gacchati.
阐明非法为非法时,他不趣向欲行;阐明法为法时,他不趣向欲行;阐明非律为非律时,他不趣向欲行;阐明律为律时,他不趣向欲行;阐明如来未说、未言为如来未说、未言时,他不趣向欲行;阐明如来已说、已言为如来已说、已言时,他不趣向欲行;阐明如来未行为如来未行时,他不趣向欲行;阐明如来已行为如来已行时,他不趣向欲行;阐明如来未制为如来未制时,他不趣向欲行;阐明如来已制为如来已制时,他不趣向欲行;阐明无罪为无罪时,他不趣向欲行;阐明有罪为有罪时,他不趣向欲行;阐明轻罪为轻罪时,他不趣向欲行;阐明重罪为重罪时,他不趣向欲行;阐明有余罪为有余罪时,他不趣向欲行;阐明无余罪为无余罪时,他不趣向欲行;阐明粗重罪为粗重罪时,他不趣向欲行;阐明非粗重罪为非粗重罪时,他不趣向欲行。如此,他不趣向欲行。
§384
? Adhammaṃ adhammoti dīpento na dosāgatiṃ gacchati, dhammaṃ dhammoti dīpento na dosāgatiṃ gacchati…pe… duṭṭhullaṃ āpattiṃ duṭṭhullā āpattīti dīpento na dosāgatiṃ gacchati, aduṭṭhullaṃ āpattiṃ aduṭṭhullā āpattīti dīpento na dosāgatiṃ gacchati. Evaṃ na dosāgatiṃ gacchati.
阐明非法为非法时,他不趣向嗔行;阐明法为法时,他不趣向嗔行……阐明粗重罪为粗重罪时,他不趣向嗔行;阐明非粗重罪为非粗重罪时,他不趣向嗔行。如此,他不趣向嗔行。
§385
? Adhammaṃ adhammoti dīpento na mohāgatiṃ gacchati, dhammaṃ dhammoti dīpento na mohāgatiṃ gacchati…pe… duṭṭhullaṃ āpattiṃ duṭṭhullā āpattīti dīpento na mohāgatiṃ gacchati, aduṭṭhullaṃ āpattiṃ aduṭṭhullā āpattīti dīpento na mohāgatiṃ gacchati. Evaṃ na mohāgatiṃ gacchati.
阐明非法为非法时,他不趣向痴行;阐明法为法时,他不趣向痴行……阐明粗重罪为粗重罪时,他不趣向痴行;阐明非粗重罪为非粗重罪时,他不趣向痴行。如此,他不趣向痴行。
§386
? Adhammaṃ adhammoti dīpento na bhayāgatiṃ gacchati, dhammaṃ dhammoti dīpento na bhayāgatiṃ gacchati, avinayaṃ avinayoti dīpento na bhayāgatiṃ gacchati, vinayaṃ vinayoti dīpento na bhayāgatiṃ gacchati, abhāsitaṃ alapitaṃ tathāgatena abhāsitaṃ alapitaṃ tathāgatenāti dīpento na bhayāgatiṃ gacchati, bhāsitaṃ lapitaṃ tathāgatena bhāsitaṃ lapitaṃ tathāgatenāti dīpento na bhayāgatiṃ gacchati, anāciṇṇaṃ tathāgatena anāciṇṇaṃ tathāgatenāti dīpento na bhayāgatiṃ gacchati, āciṇṇaṃ tathāgatena āciṇṇaṃ tathāgatenāti dīpento na bhayāgatiṃ gacchati, apaññattaṃ tathāgatena apaññattaṃ tathāgatenāti dīpento na bhayāgatiṃ gacchati, paññattaṃ tathāgatena paññattaṃ tathāgatenāti dīpento na bhayāgatiṃ gacchati, anāpattiṃ anāpattīti dīpento na bhayāgatiṃ gacchati, āpattiṃ āpattīti dīpento na bhayāgatiṃ gacchati, lahukaṃ āpattiṃ lahukā āpattīti dīpento na bhayāgatiṃ gacchati, garukaṃ āpattiṃ garukā āpattīti dīpento na bhayāgatiṃ gacchati, sāvasesaṃ āpattiṃ sāvasesā āpattīti dīpento na bhayāgatiṃ gacchati, anavasesaṃ āpattiṃ anavasesā āpattīti dīpento na bhayāgatiṃ gacchati, duṭṭhullaṃ āpattiṃ duṭṭhullā āpattīti dīpento na bhayāgatiṃ gacchati, aduṭṭhullaṃ āpattiṃ aduṭṭhullā āpattīti dīpento na bhayāgatiṃ gacchati. Evaṃ na bhayāgatiṃ gacchati.
阐明非法为非法时,他不趣向怖畏行;阐明法为法时,他不趣向怖畏行;阐明非律为非律时,他不趣向怖畏行;阐明律为律时,他不趣向怖畏行;阐明如来未说、未言为如来未说、未言时,他不趣向怖畏行;阐明如来已说、已言为如来已说、已言时,他不趣向怖畏行;阐明如来未行为如来未行时,他不趣向怖畏行;阐明如来已行为如来已行时,他不趣向怖畏行;阐明如来未制为如来未制时,他不趣向怖畏行;阐明如来已制为如来已制时,他不趣向怖畏行;阐明无罪为无罪时,他不趣向怖畏行;阐明有罪为有罪时,他不趣向怖畏行;阐明轻罪为轻罪时,他不趣向怖畏行;阐明重罪为重罪时,他不趣向怖畏行;阐明有余罪为有余罪时,他不趣向怖畏行;阐明无余罪为无余罪时,他不趣向怖畏行;阐明粗重罪为粗重罪时,他不趣向怖畏行;阐明非粗重罪为非粗重罪时,他不趣向怖畏行。如此,他不趣向怖畏行。
Chandā dosā bhayā mohā, yo dhammaṃ nātivattati;
由于欲、嗔、怖畏、痴,不违越法者,
Āpūrati tassa yaso, sukkapakkheva candimāti.
他的名声增长,犹如白分之月。
4. Saññāpanīyādi4. 应使知等
§387
? Adhammaṃ adhammoti dīpento saññāpanīye ṭhāne saññāpeti, dhammaṃ dhammoti dīpento saññāpanīye ṭhāne saññāpeti…pe… duṭṭhullaṃ āpattiṃ duṭṭhullā āpattīti dīpento saññāpanīye ṭhāne saññāpeti, aduṭṭhullaṃ āpattiṃ aduṭṭhullā āpattīti dīpento saññāpanīye ṭhāne saññāpeti. Evaṃ saññāpanīye ṭhāne saññāpeti.
阐明非法为非法时,他在应劝诫处劝诫;阐明法为法时,他在应劝诫处劝诫……阐明粗重罪为粗重罪时,他在应劝诫处劝诫;阐明非粗重罪为非粗重罪时,他在应劝诫处劝诫。如此,他在应劝诫处劝诫。
§388
? Adhammaṃ adhammoti dīpento nijjhāpanīye ṭhāne nijjhāpeti, dhammaṃ dhammoti dīpento nijjhāpanīye ṭhāne nijjhāpeti…pe… duṭṭhullaṃ āpattiṃ duṭṭhullā āpattīti dīpento nijjhāpanīye ṭhāne nijjhāpeti, aduṭṭhullaṃ āpattiṃ aduṭṭhullā āpattīti dīpento nijjhāpanīye ṭhāne nijjhāpeti. Evaṃ nijjhāpanīye ṭhāne nijjhāpeti.
阐明「非法是非法」时,在应当使之明了的地方使之明了;阐明「法是法」时,在应当使之明了的地方使之明了……阐明「粗重罪是粗重罪」时,在应当使之明了的地方使之明了;阐明「非粗重罪是非粗重罪」时,在应当使之明了的地方使之明了。如此在应当使之明了的地方使之明了。
§389
? Adhammaṃ adhammoti dīpento pekkhanīye ṭhāne pekkhati, dhammaṃ dhammoti dīpento pekkhanīye ṭhāne pekkhati…pe… duṭṭhullaṃ āpattiṃ duṭṭhullā āpattīti dīpento pekkhanīye ṭhāne pekkhati, aduṭṭhullaṃ āpattiṃ aduṭṭhullā āpattīti dīpento pekkhanīye ṭhāne pekkhati. Evaṃ pekkhanīye ṭhāne pekkhati.
阐明「非法是非法」时,在应当观察的地方观察;阐明「法是法」时,在应当观察的地方观察……阐明「粗重罪是粗重罪」时,在应当观察的地方观察;阐明「非粗重罪是非粗重罪」时,在应当观察的地方观察。如此在应当观察的地方观察。
§390
? Adhammaṃ adhammoti dīpento pasādanīye ṭhāne pasādeti, dhammaṃ dhammoti dīpento pasādanīye ṭhāne pasādeti…pe… duṭṭhullaṃ āpattiṃ duṭṭhullā āpattīti dīpento pasādanīye ṭhāne pasādeti, aduṭṭhullaṃ āpattiṃ aduṭṭhullā āpattīti dīpento pasādanīye ṭhāne pasādeti. Evaṃ pasādanīye ṭhāne pasādeti.
阐明「非法是非法」时,在应当使之净信的地方使之净信;阐明「法是法」时,在应当使之净信的地方使之净信……阐明「粗重罪是粗重罪」时,在应当使之净信的地方使之净信;阐明「非粗重罪是非粗重罪」时,在应当使之净信的地方使之净信。如此在应当使之净信的地方使之净信。
5. Parapakkhādiavajānanaṃ5. 轻视对方等
§391
? Idhekacco laddhapakkho hoti laddhaparivāro pakkhavā ñātimā. ‘‘Ayaṃ aladdhapakkho aladdhaparivāro na pakkhavā na ñātimā’’ti tassa avajānanto adhammaṃ dhammoti dīpeti, dhammaṃ adhammoti dīpeti…pe… duṭṭhullaṃ āpattiṃ aduṭṭhullā āpattīti dīpeti, aduṭṭhullaṃ āpattiṃ duṭṭhullā āpattīti dīpeti. Evaṃ laddhapakkhomhīti parapakkhaṃ avajānāti.
这里,某人已得党派、已得随从、有党派、有亲族。「此人未得党派、未得随从、无党派、无亲族」,轻蔑他而阐明「非法是法」,阐明「法是非法」……阐明「粗重罪是非粗重罪」,阐明「非粗重罪是粗重罪」。如此「我已得党派」而轻蔑他方党派。
§392
? Idhekacco bahussuto hoti sutadharo sutasannicayo. ‘‘Ayaṃ appassuto appāgamo appadharo’’ti tassa avajānanto adhammaṃ dhammoti dīpeti, dhammaṃ adhammoti dīpeti…pe… duṭṭhullaṃ āpattiṃ aduṭṭhullā āpattīti dīpeti, aduṭṭhullaṃ āpattiṃ duṭṭhullā āpattīti dīpeti. Evaṃ bahussutomhīti appassutaṃ avajānāti.
这里,某人多闻、持法、积聚所闻。「此人少闻、少学、少持」,轻蔑他而阐明「非法是法」,阐明「法是非法」……阐明「粗重罪是非粗重罪」,阐明「非粗重罪是粗重罪」。如此「我是多闻者」而轻蔑少闻者。
§393
? Idhekacco thero hoti rattaññū cirapabbajito ayaṃ navako appaññāto appakataññū imassa vacanaṃ akataṃ bhavissatī’’ti tassa avajānanto adhammaṃ dhammoti dīpeti, dhammaṃ adhammoti dīpeti …pe… duṭṭhullaṃ āpattiṃ aduṭṭhullā āpattīti dīpeti, aduṭṭhullaṃ āpattiṃ duṭṭhullā āpattīti dīpeti. Evaṃ therataromhīti navakataraṃ avajānāti.
这里,某人是长老、久住、久出家。「此人是新学、少知、少作知,他的言语将不被采纳」,轻蔑他而阐明「非法是法」,阐明「法是非法」……阐明「粗重罪是非粗重罪」,阐明「非粗重罪是粗重罪」。如此「我是较长老者」而轻蔑较新学者。
§394
nti anotiṇṇaṃ bhāraṃ na otāretabbaṃ. nti yaṃatthāya saṅgho sannipatito hoti taṃ atthaṃ dhammato vinayato na parihāpetabbaṃ.
未承担的负担不应承担。僧团为何事而集会,不应从法、从律使该事退失。
§395
ti bhūtena vatthunā. ti codetvā sāretvā. ti ñattisampadāya anussāvanasampadāya, yena dhammena yena vinayena yena satthusāsanena taṃ adhikaraṇaṃ vūpasammati, tathā taṃ adhikaraṇaṃ vūpasametabbanti.
以真实的事实。告知后使之忆念。以白成就、宣告成就,以何法、以何律、以何导师教,该诤事得以止息,应如此使该诤事止息。
6. Anuvijjakassa anuyogaṃ6. 被询问者的随问
§396
Anuvijjakena codako pucchitabbo – ‘‘yaṃ kho tvaṃ, āvuso, imassa bhikkhuno pavāraṇaṃ ṭhapesi, kimhi naṃ ṭhapesi, sīlavipattiyā vā ṭhapesi, ācāravipattiyā vā ṭhapesi, diṭṭhivipattiyā vā ṭhapesī’’ti? So ce evaṃ vadeyya – ‘‘sīlavipattiyā vā ṭhapemi ācāravipattiyā vā ṭhapemi diṭṭhivipattiyā vā ṭhapemī’’ti, so evamassa vacanīyo – ‘‘jānāti panāyasmā sīlavipattiṃ, jānāti ācāravipattiṃ, jānāti diṭṭhivipatti’’nti? So ce evaṃ vadeyya – ‘‘jānāmi kho ahaṃ, āvuso, sīlavipattiṃ, jānāmi ācāravipattiṃ, jānāmi diṭṭhivipatti’’nti , so evamassa vacanīyo – ‘‘katamā panāvuso, sīlavipatti katamā ācāravipatti katamā diṭṭhivipattī’’ti? So ce evaṃ vadeyya – ‘‘cattāri pārājikāni terasa saṅghādisesā – ayaṃ sīlavipatti. Thullaccayaṃ pācittiyaṃ pāṭidesanīyaṃ dukkaṭaṃ dubbhāsitaṃ – ayaṃ ācāravipatti. Micchādiṭṭhi antaggāhikādiṭṭhi – ayaṃ diṭṭhivipattī’’ti, so evamassa vacanīyo – ‘‘yaṃ kho tvaṃ, āvuso, imassa bhikkhuno pavāraṇaṃ ṭhapesi, diṭṭhena vā ṭhapesi, sutena vā ṭhapesi, parisaṅkāya vā ṭhapesī’’ti? So ce evaṃ vadeyya – ‘‘diṭṭhena vā ṭhapemi, sutena vā ṭhapemi, parisaṅkāya vā ṭhapemī’’ti, so evamassa vacanīyo – ‘‘yaṃ kho tvaṃ, āvuso, imassa bhikkhuno diṭṭhena pavāraṇaṃ ṭhapesi, kiṃ te diṭṭhaṃ, kinti te diṭṭhaṃ, kadā te diṭṭhaṃ, kattha te diṭṭhaṃ, pārājikaṃ ajjhāpajjanto diṭṭho, saṅghādisesaṃ ajjhāpajjanto diṭṭho, thullaccayaṃ… pācittiyaṃ… pāṭidesanīyaṃ… dukkaṭaṃ… dubbhāsitaṃ ajjhāpajjanto diṭṭho, kattha ca tvaṃ ahosi, kattha cāyaṃ bhikkhu ahosi, kiñca tvaṃ karosi, kiṃ cāyaṃ bhikkhu karotī’’ti? So ce evaṃ vadeyya – ‘‘na kho ahaṃ, āvuso, imassa bhikkhuno diṭṭhena pavāraṇaṃ ṭhapemi, api ca sutena pavāraṇaṃ ṭhapemī’’ti, so evamassa vacanīyo – ‘‘yaṃ kho tvaṃ, āvuso, imassa bhikkhuno sutena pavāraṇaṃ ṭhapesi kiṃ te sutaṃ, kinti te sutaṃ, kadā te sutaṃ, kattha te sutaṃ, pārājikaṃ ajjhāpannoti sutaṃ, saṅghādisesaṃ ajjhāpannoti sutaṃ, thullaccayaṃ… pācittiyaṃ… pāṭidesanīyaṃ… dukkaṭaṃ… dubbhāsitaṃ ajjhāpannoti sutaṃ, bhikkhussa sutaṃ, bhikkhuniyā sutaṃ, sikkhamānāya sutaṃ, sāmaṇerassa sutaṃ, sāmaṇeriyā sutaṃ, upāsakassa sutaṃ, upāsikāya sutaṃ, rājūnaṃ sutaṃ, rājamahāmattānaṃ sutaṃ, titthiyānaṃ sutaṃ, titthiyasāvakānaṃ suta’’nti? So ce evaṃ vadeyya – ‘‘na kho ahaṃ, āvuso, imassa bhikkhuno sutena pavāraṇaṃ ṭhapemi, api ca parisaṅkāya pavāraṇaṃ ṭhapemī’’ti, so evamassa vacanīyo – ‘‘yaṃ kho tvaṃ, āvuso, imassa bhikkhuno parisaṅkāya pavāraṇaṃ ṭhapesi, kiṃ parisaṅkasi, kinti parisaṅkasi, kadā parisaṅkasi, kattha parisaṅkasi, pārājikaṃ ajjhāpannoti parisaṅkasi, saṅghādisesaṃ ajjhāpannoti parisaṅkasi, thullaccayaṃ… pācittiyaṃ… pāṭidesanīyaṃ… dukkaṭaṃ… dubbhāsitaṃ ajjhāpannoti parisaṅkasi, bhikkhussa sutvā parisaṅkasi, bhikkhuniyā sutvā parisaṅkasi, sikkhamānāya sutvā parisaṅkasi, sāmaṇerassa sutvā parisaṅkasi, sāmaṇeriyā sutvā parisaṅkasi, upāsakassa sutvā parisaṅkasi, upāsikāya sutvā parisaṅkasi, rājūnaṃ sutvā parisaṅkasi rājamahāmattānaṃ sutvā parisaṅkasi, titthiyānaṃ sutvā parisaṅkasi, titthiyasāvakānaṃ sutvā parisaṅkasī’’ti?
应当询问追究的举罪者——「具寿,你阻止这位比库的自恣,你以什么阻止他,你以戒失坏阻止他,或以行失坏阻止他,或以见失坏阻止他?」若他如此说:「我以戒失坏阻止,或以行失坏阻止,或以见失坏阻止」,应当对他如此说:「具寿知道戒失坏吗,知道行失坏吗,知道见失坏吗?」若他如此说:「贤友,我知道戒失坏,知道行失坏,知道见失坏」,应当对他如此说:「贤友,什么是戒失坏,什么是行失坏,什么是见失坏?」若他如此说:「四巴拉基咖、十三桑喀地谢萨——这是戒失坏。土喇吒亚、巴吉帝亚、应悔过、恶作、恶说——这是行失坏。邪见、边执见——这是见失坏」,应当对他如此说:「贤友,你阻止这位比库的自恣,你以所见阻止,或以所闻阻止,或以疑虑阻止?」若他如此说:「我以所见阻止,或以所闻阻止,或以疑虑阻止」,应当对他如此说:「贤友,你以所见阻止这位比库的自恣,你见到什么,你见到什么样的,你何时见到,你在何处见到,见到犯巴拉基咖,见到犯桑喀地谢萨,见到犯土喇吒亚……巴吉帝亚……应悔过……恶作……恶说,你在何处,这位比库在何处,你在做什么,这位比库在做什么?」若他如此说:「贤友,我不以所见阻止这位比库的自恣,但我以所闻阻止自恣」,应当对他如此说:「贤友,你以所闻阻止这位比库的自恣,你听到什么,你听到什么样的,你何时听到,你在何处听到,听到犯巴拉基咖,听到犯桑喀地谢萨,听到犯土喇吒亚……巴吉帝亚……应悔过……恶作……恶说,从比库听到,从比库尼听到,从学法女听到,从沙玛内拉听到,从沙马内莉听到,从近事男听到,从近事女听到,从诸王听到,从王大臣听到,从外道听到,从外道弟子听到?」若他如此说:「贤友,我不以所闻阻止这位比库的自恣,但我以疑虑阻止自恣」,应当对他如此说:「贤友,你以疑虑阻止这位比库的自恣,你疑虑什么,你疑虑什么样的,你何时疑虑,你在何处疑虑,疑虑犯巴拉基咖,疑虑犯桑喀地谢萨,疑虑犯土喇吒亚……巴吉帝亚……应悔过……恶作……恶说,听比库后疑虑,听比库尼后疑虑,听学法女后疑虑,听沙玛内拉后疑虑,听沙马内莉后疑虑,听近事男后疑虑,听近事女后疑虑,听诸王后疑虑,听王大臣后疑虑,听外道后疑虑,听外道弟子后疑虑?」
Diṭṭhaṃ diṭṭhena sameti, diṭṭhena saṃsandate diṭṭhaṃ;
所见与所见相符,所见与所见一致;
Diṭṭhaṃ paṭicca na upeti, asuddhaparisaṅkito;
依所见而不成立,以须跋疑虑;
So puggalo paṭiññāya, kātabbā tena pavāraṇā.
那人承认后,应由他作自恣。
Sutaṃ sutena sameti, sutena saṃsandate sutaṃ;
所闻与所闻相符,所闻与所闻一致;
Sutaṃ paṭicca na upeti, asuddhaparisaṅkito;
依所闻而不成立,以须跋疑虑;
So puggalo paṭiññāya, kātabbā tena pavāraṇā.
那人承认后,应由他作自恣。
Mutaṃ mutena sameti, mutena saṃsandate mutaṃ;
所思与所思相符,所思与所思一致;
Mutaṃ paṭicca na upeti, asuddhaparisaṅkito;
依于所思而不接近,被须跋所围绕;
So puggalo paṭiññāya, kātabbā tena pavāraṇāti.
那个人依于承诺,应由他作自恣。
7. Pucchāvibhāgo7. 问题分别
§398
Kiṃ te diṭṭhanti katamā pucchā? Kinti te diṭṭhanti katamā pucchā? Kadā te diṭṭhanti katamā pucchā? Kattha te diṭṭhanti katamā pucchā?
「你见到什么?」是哪种问?「你如何见到?」是哪种问?「你何时见到?」是哪种问?「你在何处见到?」是哪种问?
§399
nti vatthupucchā, vipattipucchā, āpattipucchā, ajjhācārapucchā. Vatthupucchāti – aṭṭhapārājikānaṃ vatthupucchā, tevīsasaṅghādisesānaṃ vatthupucchā, dveaniyatānaṃ vatthupucchā, dvecattārīsanissaggiyānaṃ vatthupucchā, aṭṭhāsītisatapācittiyānaṃ vatthupucchā, dvādasapāṭidesanīyānaṃ vatthupucchā, dukkaṭānaṃ vatthupucchā, dubbhāsitānaṃ vatthupucchā. Vipattipucchāti – sīlavipattipucchā, ācāravipattipucchā, diṭṭhivipattipucchā , ājīvavipattipucchā. Āpattipucchāti – pārājikāpattipucchā, saṅghādisesāpattipucchā, thullaccayāpattipucchā, pācittiyāpattipucchā, pāṭidesanīyāpattipucchā, dukkaṭāpattipucchā, dubbhāsitāpattipucchā. Ajjhācārapucchāti – dvayaṃdvayasamāpattipucchā.
这是事问、失坏问、罪问、行为问。事问者——八巴拉基咖的事问,二十三桑喀地谢萨的事问,二不定的事问,三十舍堕的事问,九十二巴吉帝亚的事问,十二应悔过的事问,恶作的事问,恶说的事问。失坏问者——戒失坏问、行失坏问、见失坏问、活命失坏问。罪问者——巴拉基咖罪问、桑喀地谢萨罪问、土喇吒亚罪问、巴吉帝亚罪问、应悔过罪问、恶作罪问、恶说罪问。行为问者——二二等至问。
§400
nti liṅgapucchā, iriyāpathapucchā, ākārapucchā, vippakārapucchā. Liṅgapucchāti – dīghaṃ vā rassaṃ vā kaṇhaṃ vā odātaṃ vā. Iriyāpathapucchāti gacchantaṃ vā ṭhitaṃ vā nisinnaṃ vā nipannaṃ vā. Ākārapucchāti gihiliṅge vā titthiyaliṅge vā pabbajitaliṅge vā. Vippakārapucchāti gacchantaṃ vā ṭhitaṃ vā nisinnaṃ vā nipannaṃ vā.
这是相问、威仪问、形状问、变化问。相问者——长或短或黑或白。威仪问者——行或住或坐或卧。形状问者——在家相或外道相或出家相。变化问者——行或住或坐或卧。
§401
nti kālapucchā, samayapucchā, divasapucchā, utupucchā. Kālapucchāti pubbaṇhakāle vā majjhanhikakāle vā sāyanhakāle vā. Samayapucchāti pubbaṇhasamaye vā majjhanhikasamaye vā sāyanhasamaye vā. Divasapucchāti purebhattaṃ vā pacchābhattaṃ vā rattiṃ vā divā vā kāḷe vā juṇhe vā. Utupucchāti hemante vā gimhe vā vasse vā .
这是时问、时段问、日问、季节问。时问者——上午时或正午时或傍晚时。时段问者——上午时段或正午时段或傍晚时段。日问者——午前或午后或夜或昼或黑分或白分。季节问者——冬季或夏季或雨季。
§402
nti ṭhānapucchā, bhūmipucchā, okāsapucchā, padesapucchā. Ṭhānapucchāti bhūmiyā vā pathaviyā vā dharaṇiyā vā jagatiyā vā. Bhūmipucchāti bhūmiyā vā pathaviyā vā pabbate vā pāsāṇe vā pāsāde vā. Okāsapucchāti puratthime vā okāse pacchime vā okāse uttare vā okāse dakkhiṇe vā okāse. Padesapucchāti puratthime vā padese pacchime vā padese uttare vā padese dakkhiṇe vā padeseti.
这是处问、地问、方问、区域问。处问者——在地或在大地或在地面或在世间。地问者——在地或在大地或在山或在岩石或在楼阁。方问者——在东方或在西方或在北方或在南方。区域问者——在东区或在西区或在北区或在南区。
Mahāsaṅgāmo niṭṭhito. · 大论战完
Tassuddānaṃ – · 其偈颂
Vatthu nidānaṃ ākāro, pubbāparaṃ katākataṃ;
事、因缘、形状,前后、已作未作;
Kammādhikaraṇañceva, samatho chandagāmi ca.
以业为因的诤事,以及止息依欲而行。
Dosā mohā bhayā ceva, saññā nijjhāpanena ca;
以嗔、以痴、以怖畏,以及以想、以寻思。
Pekkhā pasāde pakkhomhi, sutatheratarena ca.
以观察、以净信、以党派,以及以听闻长老。
Asampattañca sampattaṃ, dhammena vinayena ca;
以未达成与已达成,以法与以律。
Satthussa sāsanenāpi, mahāsaṅgāmañāpanāti.
以及以导师的教诫,以大战争、以欢喜。