8. Vattakkhandhakaṃ8. 行仪篇

275 段 · CSCD 巴利原典

1. Āgantukavattakathā1. 客比库行仪论

§356

Tena samayena buddho bhagavā sāvatthiyaṃ viharati jetavane anāthapiṇḍikassa ārāme. Tena kho pana samayena āgantukā bhikkhū saupāhanāpi ārāmaṃ pavisanti, chattapaggahitāpi ārāmaṃ pavisanti, oguṇṭhitāpi ārāmaṃ pavisanti, sīsepi cīvaraṃ karitvā ārāmaṃ pavisanti, pānīyenapi pāde dhovanti, vuḍḍhatarepi āvāsike bhikkhū na abhivādenti, napi senāsanaṃ pucchanti. Aññataropi āgantuko bhikkhu anajjhāvuṭṭhaṃ vihāraṃ ghaṭikaṃ ugghāṭetvā kavāṭaṃ paṇāmetvā sahasā pāvisi. Tassa uparipiṭṭhito ahi khandhe papati. So bhīto vissaramakāsi. Bhikkhū upadhāvitvā taṃ bhikkhuṃ etadavocuṃ – ‘‘kissa tvaṃ, āvuso, vissaramakāsī’’ti? Atha kho so bhikkhu bhikkhūnaṃ etamatthaṃ ārocesi. Ye te bhikkhū appicchā…pe… te ujjhāyanti khiyyanti vipācenti – ‘‘kathañhi nāma āgantukā bhikkhū saupāhanāpi ārāmaṃ pavisissanti, chattapaggahitāpi ārāmaṃ pavisissanti, oguṇṭhitāpi ārāmaṃ pavisissanti, sīsepi cīvaraṃ karitvā ārāmaṃ pavisissanti, pānīyenapi pāde dhovissanti, vuḍḍhatarepi āvāsike bhikkhū na abhivādessanti, napi senāsanaṃ pucchissantī’’ti! Atha kho te bhikkhū bhagavato etamatthaṃ ārocesuṃ…pe… ‘‘saccaṃ kira, bhikkhave, ‘‘āgantukā bhikkhū saupāhanāpi ārāmaṃ pavisanti, chattapaggahitāpi ārāmaṃ pavisanti, oguṇṭhitāpi ārāmaṃ pavisanti, sīsepi cīvaraṃ karitvā ārāmaṃ pavisanti, pānīyenipi pāde dhovanti, vuḍḍhatarepi āvāsike bhikkhū na abhivādenti, napi senāsanaṃ pucchantīti. Saccaṃ bhagavāti. Vigarahi buddho bhagavā…pe… kathañhi nāma bhikkhave āgantukā bhikkhū saupāhanāpi ārāmaṃ pavisissanti, chattapaggahitāpi ārāmaṃ pavisissanti, oguṇṭhitāpi ārāmaṃ pavisissanti, sīsepi cīvaraṃ karitvā ārāmaṃ pavisissanti, pānīyenapi pāde dhovissanti, vuḍḍhatarepi āvāsike bhikkhū na abhivādessanti, napi senāsanaṃ pucchissanti, netaṃ bhikkhave appasannānaṃ vā pasādāya…pe… vigarahitvā…pe… dhammiṃ kathaṃ katvā bhikkhū āmantesi –

尔时,佛世尊住在沙瓦提城揭德林阿那他宾地咖的园林。尔时,客比库们穿着鞋也进入园林,撑着伞也进入园林,覆头也进入园林,把衣包在头上也进入园林,也用饮用水洗脚,也不礼敬较年长的住处比库们,也不询问住处。某位客比库打开未住过的精舍的门闩,推开门,突然进入。有蛇从上面落在他的肩上。他恐惧地大叫。诸比库跑过来对那位比库说——「贤友,你为何大叫?」于是那位比库向诸比库报告此事。那些少欲的比库们……他们抱怨、呵责、传播——「为何客比库们穿着鞋也进入园林,撑着伞也进入园林,覆头也进入园林,把衣包在头上也进入园林,也用饮用水洗脚,也不礼敬较年长的住处比库们,也不询问住处!」于是那些比库们向世尊报告此事……「诸比库,听说客比库们穿着鞋也进入园林,撑着伞也进入园林,覆头也进入园林,把衣包在头上也进入园林,也用饮用水洗脚,也不礼敬较年长的住处比库们,也不询问住处,是真实的吗?」「是真实的,世尊。」佛世尊呵责……「诸比库,为何客比库们穿着鞋也进入园林,撑着伞也进入园林,覆头也进入园林,把衣包在头上也进入园林,也用饮用水洗脚,也不礼敬较年长的住处比库们,也不询问住处!诸比库,这不能使未信者生信……」呵责后……作如法语后,告诉诸比库——

§357

‘‘Tena hi, bhikkhave, āgantukānaṃ bhikkhūnaṃ vattaṃ paññapessāmi yathā āgantukehi bhikkhūhi sammā vattitabbaṃ. Āgantukena, bhikkhave, bhikkhunā ‘idāni ārāmaṃ pavisissāmī’ti upāhanā omuñcitvā nīcaṃ katvā papphoṭetvā gahetvā chattaṃ apanāmetvā sīsaṃ vivaritvā sīse cīvaraṃ khandhe katvā sādhukaṃ ataramānena ārāmo pavisitabbo. Ārāmaṃ pavisantena sallakkhetabbaṃ – ‘kattha āvāsikā bhikkhū paṭikkamantī’ti? Yattha āvāsikā bhikkhū paṭikkamanti – upaṭṭhānasālāya vā maṇḍape vā rukkhamūle vā – tattha gantvā ekamantaṃ patto nikkhipitabbo; ekamantaṃ cīvaraṃ nikkhipitabbaṃ; patirūpaṃ āsanaṃ gahetvā nisīditabbaṃ; pānīyaṃ pucchitabbaṃ, paribhojanīyaṃ pucchitabbaṃ – ‘katamaṃ pānīyaṃ, katamaṃ paribhojanīya’nti? Sace pānīyena attho hoti, pānīyaṃ gahetvā pātabbaṃ. Sace paribhojanīyena attho hoti, paribhojanīyaṃ gahetvā pādā dhovitabbā. Pāde dhovantena ekena hatthena udakaṃ āsiñcitabbaṃ, ekena hatthena pādā dhovitabbā. Teneva udakaṃ āsiñcitabbaṃ na teneva hatthena pādā dhovitabbā. Upāhanapuñchanacoḷakaṃ pucchitvā upāhanā puñchitabbā. Upāhanā puñchantena paṭhamaṃ sukkhena coḷakena puñchitabbā, pacchā allena. Upāhanāpuñchanacoḷakaṃ dhovitvā ekamantaṃ vissajjetabbaṃ.

「诸比库,那么,我将为客比库们制定行仪,客比库们应如何正确地行。诸比库,客比库『现在我将进入园林』时,应脱下鞋,放低,拍打,拿着,放下伞,露出头,把衣放在肩上,善巧地不急躁地进入园林。进入园林时应观察——『住处比库们在哪里来回经行?』在住处比库们来回经行之处——在须跋堂或凉棚或树下——去到那里,应把钵放在一边;应把衣放在一边;应取适当的座位坐下;应询问饮用水,应询问可饮用水——『哪个是饮用水,哪个是可饮用水?』如果需要饮用水,应取饮用水饮用。如果需要可饮用水,应取可饮用水洗脚。洗脚时应用一只手浇水,用一只手洗脚。应用那只手浇水,不应用那只手洗脚。应询问鞋擦布擦鞋。擦鞋时应先用干布擦,后用湿布擦。应洗鞋擦布放在一边。

‘‘Sace āvāsiko bhikkhu vuḍḍho hoti, abhivādetabbo. Sace navako hoti, abhivādāpetabbo. Senāsanaṃ pucchitabbaṃ – ‘katamaṃ me senāsanaṃ pāpuṇātī’ti? Ajjhāvuṭṭhaṃ vā anajjhāvuṭṭhaṃ vā pucchitabbaṃ, gocaro pucchitabbo, agocaro pucchitabbo, sekkhasammatāni kulāni pucchitabbāni , vaccaṭṭhānaṃ pucchitabbaṃ, passāvaṭṭhānaṃ pucchitabbaṃ, pānīyaṃ pucchitabbaṃ, paribhojanīyaṃ pucchitabbaṃ, kattaradaṇḍo pucchitabbo, saṅghassa katikasaṇṭhānaṃ pucchitabbaṃ – ‘kaṃ kālaṃ pavisitabbaṃ, kaṃ kālaṃ nikkhamitabba’nti? Sace vihāro anajjhāvuṭṭho hoti, kavāṭaṃ ākoṭetvā muhuttaṃ āgametvā ghaṭikaṃ ugghāṭetvā kavāṭaṃ paṇāmetvā bahi ṭhitena nilloketabbo.

「如果住处比库是长老,应礼敬。如果是新比库,应令其礼敬。应询问住处——『哪个住处属于我?』应询问已住过或未住过,应询问行处,应询问非行处,应询问学处认可的俗家,应询问大便处,应询问小便处,应询问饮用水,应询问可饮用水,应询问杖,应询问僧团的甘马状况——『什么时候应进入,什么时候应出去?』如果精舍未住过,应敲门,等一会儿,打开门闩,推开门,站在外面观察。

‘‘Sace vihāro uklāpo hoti, mañce vā mañco āropito hoti, pīṭhe vā pīṭhaṃ āropitaṃ hoti, senāsanaṃ upari puñjīkataṃ hoti, sace ussahati, sodhetabbo. Vihāraṃ sodhentena paṭhamaṃ bhūmattharaṇaṃ nīharitvā ekamantaṃ nikkhipitabbaṃ; mañcapaṭipādakā nīharitvā ekamantaṃ nikkhipitabbā; bhisibibbohanaṃ nīharitvā ekamantaṃ nikkhipitabbaṃ; nisīdanapaccattharaṇaṃ nīharitvā ekamantaṃ nikkhipitabbaṃ; mañco nīcaṃ katvā sādhukaṃ appaṭighaṃsantena, asaṅghaṭṭentena kavāṭapiṭṭhaṃ, nīharitvā ekamantaṃ nikkhipitabbo; pīṭhaṃ nīcaṃ katvā sādhukaṃ appaṭighaṃsantena, asaṅghaṭṭentena kavāṭapiṭṭhaṃ, nīharitvā ekamantaṃ nikkhipitabbaṃ; kheḷamallako nīharitvā ekamantaṃ nikkhipitabbo; apassenaphalakaṃ nīharitvā ekamantaṃ nikkhipitabbaṃ. Sace vihāre santānakaṃ hoti, ullokā paṭhamaṃ ohāretabbaṃ, ālokasandhikaṇṇabhāgā pamajjitabbā. Sace gerukaparikammakatā bhitti kaṇṇakitā hoti, coḷakaṃ temetvā pīḷetvā pamajjitabbā. Sace kāḷavaṇṇakatā bhūmi kaṇṇakitā hoti, coḷakaṃ temetvā pīḷetvā pamajjitabbā. Sace akatā hoti bhūmi, udakena paripphositvā sammajjitabbā – mā vihāro rajena uhaññīti . Saṅkāraṃ vicinitvā ekamantaṃ chaḍḍetabbaṃ.

「如果精舍肮脏,床叠在床上,椅叠在椅上,住处用具堆在上面,如果能够,应清扫。清扫精舍时应先取出地敷放在一边;应取出床脚放在一边;应取出枕头和褥子放在一边;应取出坐垫和覆布放在一边;应放低床,善巧地不摩擦、不碰撞门框,取出放在一边;应放低椅,善巧地不摩擦、不碰撞门框,取出放在一边;应取出痰盂放在一边;应取出靠板放在一边。如果精舍有蜘蛛网,应先从上面除去,应擦拭窗户的角落。如果涂红土的墙壁肮脏,应浸湿布,拧干,擦拭。如果涂黑色的地面肮脏,应浸湿布,拧干,擦拭。如果地面未涂,应洒水清扫——『愿精舍不被尘土覆盖』。应检查垃圾丢在一边。

‘‘Bhūmattharaṇaṃ otāpetvā sodhetvā papphoṭetvā atiharitvā yathāṭhāne paññapetabbaṃ. Mañcapaṭipādakā otāpetvā pamajjitvā atiharitvā yathāṭhāne ṭhapetabbā. Mañco otāpetvā sodhetvā papphoṭetvā nīcaṃ katvā sādhukaṃ appaṭighaṃsantena, asaṅghaṭṭentena kavāṭapiṭṭhaṃ, atiharitvā yathāṭhāne paññapetabbo. Pīṭhaṃ otāpetvā sodhetvā papphoṭetvā nīcaṃ katvā sādhukaṃ appaṭighaṃsantena, asaṅghaṭṭentena kavāṭapiṭṭhaṃ, atiharitvā yathāṭhāne paññapetabbaṃ. Bhisibibbohanaṃ otāpetvā sodhetvā papphoṭetvā atiharitvā yathābhāgaṃ paññapetabbaṃ. Nisīdanapaccattharaṇaṃ otāpetvā sodhetvā papphoṭetvā atiharitvā yathābhāgaṃ paññapetabbaṃ. Kheḷamallako otāpetvā pamajjitvā atiharitvā yathābhāgaṃ ṭhapetabbo. Apassenaphalakaṃ otāpetvā pamajjitvā atiharitvā yathābhāgaṃ ṭhapetabbaṃ. Pattacīvaraṃ nikkhipitabbaṃ. Pattaṃ nikkhipantena ekena hatthena pattaṃ gahetvā ekena hatthena heṭṭhāmañcaṃ vā heṭṭhāpīṭhaṃ vā parāmasitvā patto nikkhipitabbo. Na ca anantarahitāya bhūmiyā patto nikkhipitabbo. Cīvaraṃ nikkhipantena ekena hatthena cīvaraṃ gahetvā ekena hatthena cīvaravaṃsaṃ vā cīvararajjuṃ vā pamajjitvā pārato antaṃ orato bhogaṃ katvā cīvaraṃ nikkhipitabbaṃ.

「应晒地敷,清洁,拍打,拿进来,按原处铺设。应晒床脚,擦拭,拿进来,按原处放置。应晒床,清洁,拍打,放低,善巧地不摩擦、不碰撞门框,拿进来,按原处铺设。应晒椅,清洁,拍打,放低,善巧地不摩擦、不碰撞门框,拿进来,按原处铺设。应晒枕头和褥子,清洁,拍打,拿进来,按其部分铺设。应晒坐垫和覆布,清洁,拍打,拿进来,按其部分铺设。应晒痰盂,擦拭,拿进来,按其部分放置。应晒靠板,擦拭,拿进来,按其部分放置。应放置钵衣。放置钵时应用一只手拿钵,用一只手摸床下或椅下,放置钵。不应把钵放在无遮盖的地面上。放置衣时应用一只手拿衣,用一只手擦拭衣架或衣绳,把远端作为边,近端作为折,放置衣。

‘‘Sace puratthimā sarajā vātā vāyanti, puratthimā vātapānā thaketabbā. Sace pacchimā sarajā vātā vāyanti, pacchimā vātapānā thaketabbā. Sace uttarā sarajā vātā vāyanti, uttarā vātapānā thaketabbā. Sace dakkhiṇā sarajā vātā vāyanti, dakkhiṇā vātapānā thaketabbā . Sace sītakālo hoti, divā vātapānā vivaritabbā, rattiṃ thaketabbā. Sace uṇhakālo hoti, divā vātapānā thaketabbā, rattiṃ vivaritabbā.

「如果东方有尘风吹来,应关闭东方的窗户。如果西方有尘风吹来,应关闭西方的窗户。如果北方有尘风吹来,应关闭北方的窗户。如果南方有尘风吹来,应关闭南方的窗户。如果是冷季,白天应打开窗户,夜晚应关闭。如果是热季,白天应关闭窗户,夜晚应打开。

‘‘Sace pariveṇaṃ uklāpaṃ hoti, pariveṇaṃ sammajjitabbaṃ. Sace koṭṭhako uklāpo hoti, koṭṭhako sammajjitabbo. Sace upaṭṭhānasālā uklāpā hoti, upaṭṭhānasālā sammajjitabbā. Sace aggisālā uklāpā hoti, aggisālā sammajjitabbā. Sace vaccakuṭi uklāpā hoti, vaccakuṭi sammajjitabbā. Sace pānīyaṃ na hoti, pānīyaṃ upaṭṭhāpetabbaṃ. Sace paribhojanīyaṃ na hoti, paribhojanīyaṃ upaṭṭhāpetabbaṃ. Sace ācamanakumbhiyā udakaṃ na hoti, ācamanakumbhiyā udakaṃ āsiñcitabbaṃ. Idaṃ kho, bhikkhave, āgantukānaṃ bhikkhūnaṃ vattaṃ yathā āgantukehi bhikkhūhi sammā vattitabba’’nti.

「如果庭院肮脏,应清扫庭院。如果仓库肮脏,应清扫仓库。如果须跋堂肮脏,应清扫须跋堂。如果火堂肮脏,应清扫火堂。如果厕所肮脏,应清扫厕所。如果没有饮用水,应准备饮用水。如果没有可饮用水,应准备可饮用水。如果漱口瓶中没有水,应在漱口瓶中注入水。诸比库,这是客比库们的行仪,客比库们应如何正确地行。」

2. Āvāsikavattakathā2. 住处比库行仪论

§358

Tena kho pana samayena āvāsikā bhikkhū āgantuke bhikkhū disvā neva āsanaṃ paññapenti, na pādodakaṃ pādapīṭhaṃ pādakathalikaṃ upanikkhipanti, na paccuggantvā pattacīvaraṃ paṭiggaṇhanti, na pānīyena pucchanti , na vuḍḍhatarepi āgantuke bhikkhū abhivādenti, na senāsanaṃ paññapenti. Ye te bhikkhū appicchā…pe… te ujjhāyanti khiyyanti vipācenti – ‘‘kathañhi nāma āvāsikā bhikkhū āgantuke bhikkhū disvā neva āsanaṃ paññapessanti, na pādodakaṃ pādapīṭhaṃ pādakathalikaṃ upanikkhipissanti, na paccuggantvā pattacīvaraṃ paṭiggahissanti, na pānīyena pucchissanti, vuḍḍhatarepi āgantuke bhikkhū na abhivādessanti, na senāsanaṃ paññapessantī’’ti! Atha kho te bhikkhū bhagavato etamatthaṃ ārocesuṃ…pe… saccaṃ kiraṃ, bhikkhave…pe… saccaṃ bhagavāti…pe… vigarahitvā…pe… dhammiṃ kathaṃ katvā bhikkhū āmantesi –

尔时,住处比库们见到客比库们,既不铺设座位,也不放置脚水、脚凳、脚擦布,也不迎接取钵衣,也不询问饮用水,也不礼敬较年长的客比库们,也不安排住处。那些少欲的比库们……他们抱怨、呵责、传播——「为何住处比库们见到客比库们,既不铺设座位,也不放置脚水、脚凳、脚擦布,也不迎接取钵衣,也不询问饮用水,也不礼敬较年长的客比库们,也不安排住处!」于是那些比库们向世尊报告此事……「诸比库,听说……」「是真实的,世尊。」……呵责后……作如法语后,告诉诸比库——

§359

‘‘Tena hi, bhikkhave, āvāsikānaṃ bhikkhūnaṃ vattaṃ paññapessāmi yathā āvāsikehi bhikkhūhi sammā vattitabbaṃ. Āvāsikena, bhikkhave, bhikkhunā āgantukaṃ bhikkhuṃ vuḍḍhataraṃ disvā āsanaṃ paññapetabbaṃ, pādodakaṃ pādapīṭhaṃ pādakathalikaṃ upanikkhipitabbaṃ , paccuggantvā pattacīvaraṃ paṭiggahetabbaṃ, pānīyena pucchitabbo . Sace ussahati, upāhanā puñchitabbā. Upāhanā puñchantena paṭhamaṃ sukkhena coḷakena puñchitabbā, pacchā allena. Upāhanāpuñchanacoḷakaṃ dhovitvā ekamantaṃ vissajjetabbaṃ.

「诸比库,那么,我将为住处比库制定义务,住处比库应如何正确地履行义务。诸比库,住处比库见到客比库长老时,应设座位,应放置洗足水、足凳、擦足布,应前往迎接并接受钵与衣,应以饮水问讯。若能够,应擦拭鞋履。擦拭鞋履时,首先应以干布擦拭,之后以湿布擦拭。擦鞋布洗净后应放置一旁。」

‘‘Āgantuko bhikkhu vuḍḍhataro abhivādetabbo. Senāsanaṃ paññapetabbaṃ – ‘etaṃ te senāsanaṃ pāpuṇātī’ti. Ajjhāvuṭṭhaṃ vā anajjhāvuṭṭhaṃ vā ācikkhitabbaṃ. Gocaro ācikkhitabbo. Agocaro ācikkhitabbo. Sekkhasammatāni kulāni ācikkhitabbāni. Vaccaṭṭhānaṃ ācikkhitabbaṃ. Passāvaṭṭhānaṃ ācikkhitabbaṃ. Pānīyaṃ ācikkhitabbaṃ. Paribhojanīyaṃ ācikkhitabbaṃ. Kattaradaṇḍo ācikkhitabbo. Saṅghassa katikasaṇṭhānaṃ ācikkhitabbaṃ – ‘imaṃ kālaṃ pavisitabbaṃ, imaṃ kālaṃ nikkhamitabba’nti .

「应礼敬客比库长老。应设住处——『这是你的住处』。应告知已住或未住。应告知行乞处。应告知非行乞处。应告知学人认可的诸家族。应告知大便处。应告知小便处。应告知饮水。应告知可食用物。应告知杖。应告知僧团的甘马决定——『此时应进入,此时应离开』。」

‘‘Sace navako hoti, nisinnakeneva ācikkhitabbaṃ – ‘atra pattaṃ nikkhipāhi, atra cīvaraṃ nikkhipāhi, idaṃ āsanaṃ nisīdāhī’ti. Pānīyaṃ ācikkhitabbaṃ. Paribhojanīyaṃ ācikkhitabbaṃ. Upāhanāpuñchanacoḷakaṃ ācikkhitabbaṃ. Āgantuko bhikkhu navako abhivādāpetabbo. Senāsanaṃ ācikkhitabbaṃ – ‘etaṃ te senāsanaṃ pāpuṇātī’ti. Ajjhāvuṭṭhaṃ vā anajjhāvuṭṭhaṃ vā ācikkhitabbaṃ. Gocaro ācikkhitabbo. Agocaro ācikkhitabbo. Sekkhasammatāni kulāni ācikkhitabbāni. Vaccaṭṭhānaṃ ācikkhitabbaṃ. Passāvaṭṭhānaṃ ācikkhitabbaṃ. Pānīyaṃ ācikkhitabbaṃ. Paribhojanīyaṃ ācikkhitabbaṃ. Kattaradaṇḍo ācikkhitabbo. Saṅghassa katikasaṇṭhānaṃ ācikkhitabbaṃ – ‘imaṃ kālaṃ pavisitabbaṃ, imaṃ kālaṃ nikkhamitabba’nti. Idaṃ kho, bhikkhave , āvāsikānaṃ bhikkhūnaṃ vattaṃ yathā āvāsikehi bhikkhūhi sammā vattitabba’’nti.

「若是新比库,坐着即应告知——『在此放置钵,在此放置衣,坐此座』。应告知饮水。应告知可食用物。应告知擦鞋布。应使客比库新比库礼敬。应告知住处——『这是你的住处』。应告知已住或未住。应告知行乞处。应告知非行乞处。应告知学人认可的诸家族。应告知大便处。应告知小便处。应告知饮水。应告知可食用物。应告知杖。应告知僧团的甘马决定——『此时应进入,此时应离开』。诸比库,这是住处比库的义务,住处比库应如何正确地履行义务。」

3. Gamikavattakathā3. 行路比库行仪论

§360

Tena kho pana samayena gamikā bhikkhū dārubhaṇḍaṃ mattikābhaṇḍaṃ appaṭisāmetvā dvāravātapānaṃ vivaritvā senāsanaṃ anāpucchā pakkamanti. Dārubhaṇḍaṃ mattikābhaṇḍaṃ nassati. Senāsanaṃ aguttaṃ hoti. Ye te bhikkhū appicchā…pe… te ujjhāyanti khiyyanti vipācenti – ‘‘kathañhi nāma gamikā bhikkhū dārubhaṇḍaṃ mattikābhaṇḍaṃ appaṭisāmetvā dvāravātapānaṃ vivaritvā senāsanaṃ anāpucchā pakkamissanti! Dārubhaṇḍaṃ mattikābhaṇḍaṃ nassati. Senāsanaṃ aguttaṃ hotī’’ti. Atha kho te bhikkhū bhagavato etamatthaṃ ārocesuṃ…pe… saccaṃ kira, bhikkhave…pe… saccaṃ bhagavāti…pe… vigarahitvā…pe… dhammiṃ kathaṃ katvā bhikkhū āmantesi –

尔时,行路比库们不收拾木器、陶器,打开门窗,未告知住处即离去。木器、陶器遗失。住处无人守护。诸少欲比库……他们抱怨、非难、责备:「行路比库们怎能不收拾木器、陶器,打开门窗,未告知住处即离去!木器、陶器遗失。住处无人守护。」于是,诸比库将此事禀告世尊……「诸比库,真的吗……」「真的,世尊。」……呵责后……作法语后,告诉诸比库:——

§361

‘‘Tena hi, bhikkhave, gamikānaṃ bhikkhūnaṃ vattaṃ paññapessāmi yathā gamikehi bhikkhūhi sammā vattitabbaṃ. Gamikena, bhikkhave, bhikkhunā dārubhaṇḍaṃ mattikābhaṇḍaṃ paṭisāmetvā dvāravātapānaṃ thaketvā senāsanaṃ āpucchā pakkamitabbaṃ . Sace bhikkhu na hoti, sāmaṇero āpucchitabbo. Sace sāmaṇero na hoti, ārāmiko āpucchitabbo. Sace ārāmiko na hoti, upāsako āpucchitabbo. Sace na hoti bhikkhu vā sāmaṇero vā ārāmiko vā upāsako vā, catūsu pāsāṇesu mañcaṃ paññapetvā mañce mañcaṃ āropetvā pīṭhe pīṭhaṃ āropetvā senāsanaṃ upari puñjaṃ karitvā dārubhaṇḍaṃ mattikābhaṇḍaṃ paṭisāmetvā dvāravātapānaṃ thaketvā pakkamitabbaṃ. Sace vihāro ovassati, sace ussahati, chādetabbo, ussukaṃ vā kātabbaṃ – ‘kinti nu kho vihāro chādiyethā’ti. Evañcetaṃ labhetha, iccetaṃ kusalaṃ. No ce labhetha, yo deso anovassako hoti, tattha catūsu pāsāṇesu mañcaṃ paññapetvā mañce mañcaṃ āropetvā pīṭhe pīṭhaṃ āropetvā senāsanaṃ upari puñjaṃ karitvā dārubhaṇḍaṃ mattikābhaṇḍaṃ paṭisāmetvā dvāravātapānaṃ thaketvā pakkamitabbaṃ. Sace sabbo vihāro ovassati, sace ussahati, senāsanaṃ gāmaṃ atiharitabbaṃ, ussukaṃ vā kātabbaṃ – ‘kinti nu kho senāsanaṃ gāmaṃ atihariyethā’ti. Evañcetaṃ labhetha, iccetaṃ kusalaṃ. No ce labhetha, ajjhokāse catūsu pāsāṇesu mañcaṃ paññapetvā mañce mañcaṃ āropetvā pīṭhe pīṭhaṃ āropetvā senāsanaṃ upari puñjaṃ karitvā dārubhaṇḍaṃ mattikābhaṇḍaṃ paṭisāmetvā tiṇena vā paṇṇena vā paṭicchādetvā pakkamitabbaṃ – appeva nāma aṅgānipi seseyyunti. Idaṃ kho, bhikkhave, gamikānaṃ bhikkhūnaṃ vattaṃ yathā gamikehi bhikkhūhi sammā vattitabba’’nti.

「诸比库,那么,我将为行路比库制定义务,行路比库应如何正确地履行义务。诸比库,行路比库应收拾木器、陶器,关闭门窗,告知住处后离去。若无比库,应告知沙玛内拉。若无沙玛内拉,应告知园民。若无园民,应告知近事男。若无比库、沙玛内拉、园民或近事男,应在四块石头上设床,床上叠床,凳上叠凳,将住处堆在上面,收拾木器、陶器,关闭门窗后离去。若精舍漏雨,若能够,应覆盖,或应努力——『如何使精舍得以覆盖』。若能如此,这是善的。若不能,应在不漏雨之处,在四块石头上设床,床上叠床,凳上叠凳,将住处堆在上面,收拾木器、陶器,关闭门窗后离去。若整个精舍漏雨,若能够,应将住处搬到村中,或应努力——『如何使住处得以搬到村中』。若能如此,这是善的。若不能,应在露地四块石头上设床,床上叠床,凳上叠凳,将住处堆在上面,收拾木器、陶器,以草或叶覆盖后离去——『或许至少肢体部分能保存』。诸比库,这是行路比库的义务,行路比库应如何正确地履行义务。」

4. Anumodanavattakathā4. 随喜行仪论

§362

Tena kho pana samayena bhikkhū bhattagge na anumodanti. Manussā ujjhāyanti khiyyanti vipācenti – ‘‘kathañhi nāma samaṇā sakyaputtiyā bhattagge na anumodissantī’’ti! Assosuṃ kho bhikkhū tesaṃ manussānaṃ ujjhāyantānaṃ khiyyantānaṃ vipācentānaṃ. Atha kho te bhikkhū bhagavato etamatthaṃ ārocesuṃ. Atha kho bhagavā etasmiṃ nidāne etasmiṃ pakaraṇe dhammiṃ kathaṃ katvā bhikkhū āmantesi – ‘‘anujānāmi, bhikkhave, bhattagge anumoditu’’nti. Atha kho tesaṃ bhikkhūnaṃ etadahosi – ‘‘kena nu kho bhattagge anumoditabba’’nti? Bhagavato etamatthaṃ ārocesuṃ. Atha kho bhagavā etasmiṃ nidāne etasmiṃ pakaraṇe dhammiṃ kathaṃ katvā bhikkhū āmantesi – ‘‘anujānāmi, bhikkhave, therena bhikkhunā bhattagge anumoditu’’nti.

尔时,诸比库在食堂不随喜。人们抱怨、非难、责备:「沙门释迦子们怎能在食堂不随喜!」诸比库听闻那些人们抱怨、非难、责备。于是,诸比库将此事禀告世尊。于是,世尊以此因缘、以此事缘作法语后,告诉诸比库:「诸比库,我允许在食堂随喜。」于是,诸比库生起此念:「谁应在食堂随喜?」他们将此事禀告世尊。于是,世尊以此因缘、以此事缘作法语后,告诉诸比库:「诸比库,我允许长老比库在食堂随喜。」

Tena kho pana samayena aññatarassa pūgassa saṅghabhattaṃ hoti . Āyasmā sāriputto saṅghatthero hoti. Bhikkhū – ‘bhagavatā anuññātaṃ therena bhikkhunā bhattagge anumoditu’nti – āyasmantaṃ sāriputtaṃ ekakaṃ ohāya pakkamiṃsu. Atha kho āyasmā sāriputto te manusse paṭisammoditvā pacchā ekako agamāsi. Addasā kho bhagavā āyasmantaṃ sāriputtaṃ dūratova ekakaṃ āgacchantaṃ. Disvāna āyasmantaṃ sāriputtaṃ etadavoca – ‘‘kacci, sāriputta, bhattaṃ iddhaṃ ahosī’’ti? ‘‘Iddhaṃ kho, bhante, bhattaṃ ahosi; apica maṃ bhikkhū ekakaṃ ohāya pakkantā’’ti. Atha kho bhagavā etasmiṃ nidāne etasmiṃ pakaraṇe dhammiṃ kathaṃ katvā bhikkhū āmantesi – ‘‘anujānāmi, bhikkhave, bhattagge catūhi pañcahi therānutherehi bhikkhūhi āgametu’’nti.

尔时,某一群体有僧团食。具寿沙利子是僧团长老。诸比库——「世尊允许长老比库在食堂随喜」——舍弃具寿沙利子一人离去。于是,具寿沙利子与那些人们共语后,独自最后前往。世尊从远处见到具寿沙利子独自前来。见后,对具寿沙利子说:「沙利子,食物充足吗?」「尊者,食物充足;但诸比库舍弃我一人离去。」于是,世尊以此因缘、以此事缘作法语后,告诉诸比库:「诸比库,我允许四、五位长老与次长老比库从食堂前来。」

Tena kho pana samayena aññataro thero bhattagge vaccito āgamesi. So vaccaṃ sandhāretuṃ asakkonto mucchito papati. Bhagavato etamatthaṃ ārocesuṃ. ‘‘Anujānāmi, bhikkhave, sati karaṇīye ānantarikaṃ bhikkhuṃ āpucchitvā gantu’’nti.

尔时,某位长老从食堂需大便前来。他无法忍住大便而昏倒跌倒。他们将此事禀告世尊。「诸比库,我允许若有必要,告知邻近比库后前往。」

5. Bhattaggavattakathā5. 食堂行仪论

§363

Tena kho pana samayena chabbaggiyā bhikkhū dunnivatthā duppārutā anākappasampannā bhattaggaṃ gacchanti, vokkammapi therānaṃ bhikkhūnaṃ purato purato gacchanti, therepi bhikkhū anupakhajja nisīdanti , navepi bhikkhū āsanena paṭibāhanti, saṅghāṭimpi ottharitvā antaraghare nisīdanti. Ye te bhikkhū appicchā…pe… te ujjhāyanti khiyyanti vipācenti – ‘‘kathañhi nāma chabbaggiyā bhikkhū dunnivatthā duppārutā anākappasampannā bhattaggaṃ gacchissanti, vokkammapi therānaṃ bhikkhūnaṃ purato purato gacchissanti, therepi bhikkhū anupakhajja nisīdissanti, navepi bhikkhū āsanenapi paṭibāhissanti, saṅghāṭimpi ottharitvā antaraghare nisīdissantī’’ti! Atha kho te bhikkhū bhagavato etamatthaṃ ārocesuṃ…pe… ‘‘saccaṃ kira, bhikkhave, chabbaggiyā bhikkhū dunnivatthā duppārutā anākappasampannā bhattaggaṃ gacchanti, vokkammapi therānaṃ bhikkhūnaṃ purato purato gacchanti, therepi bhikkhū anupakhajja nisīdanti, navepi bhikkhū āsanena paṭibāhanti, saṅghāṭimpi ottharitvā antaraghare nisīdantī’’ti? ‘‘Saccaṃ bhagavā’’ti…pe… vigarahitvā…pe… dhammiṃ kathaṃ katvā bhikkhū āmantesi –

尔时,六群比库穿着不善、披覆不善、不具足威仪地前往食堂,甚至越过长老比库们走在前面,紧挨着长老比库们坐下,用座位阻挡新比库们,铺开桑喀帝后在俗家中坐下。那些少欲的比库们……抱怨、非难、呵责:「六群比库怎么穿着不善、披覆不善、不具足威仪地前往食堂,甚至越过长老比库们走在前面,紧挨着长老比库们坐下,甚至用座位阻挡新比库们,铺开桑喀帝后在俗家中坐下呢?」于是那些比库们向世尊报告此事……「诸比库,六群比库真的穿着不善、披覆不善、不具足威仪地前往食堂,甚至越过长老比库们走在前面,紧挨着长老比库们坐下,用座位阻挡新比库们,铺开桑喀帝后在俗家中坐下吗?」「真实,世尊。」……呵责后……作法谈后,告诉诸比库:

§364

‘‘Tena hi, bhikkhave, bhikkhūnaṃ bhattaggavattaṃ paññapessāmi yathā bhikkhūhi bhattagge sammā vattitabbaṃ. Sace ārāme kālo ārocito hoti, timaṇḍalaṃ paṭicchādentena parimaṇḍalaṃ nivāsetvā kāyabandhanaṃ bandhitvā saguṇaṃ katvā saṅghāṭiyo pārupitvā gaṇṭhikaṃ paṭimuñcitvā dhovitvā pattaṃ gahetvā sādhukaṃ ataramānena gāmo pavisitabbo.

「诸比库,那么,我将为诸比库制定食堂行仪,诸比库应如何在食堂正确行动。如果在寺院时间已被告知,应遮覆三轮,周正地着下衣,系腰带,整理好后披上桑喀帝,解开结,洗净后拿钵,善巧地不急躁地进入村落。

‘‘Na vokkamma therānaṃ bhikkhūnaṃ purato purato gantabbaṃ. Suppaṭicchannena antaraghare gantabbaṃ. Susaṃvutena antaraghare gantabbaṃ. Okkhittacakkhunā antaraghare gantabbaṃ. Na ukkhittakāya antaraghare gantabbaṃ. Na ujjagghikāya antaraghare gantabbaṃ. Appasaddena antaraghare gantabbaṃ. Na kāyappacālakaṃ antaraghare gantabbaṃ . Na bāhuppacālakaṃ antaraghare gantabbaṃ. Na sīsappacālakaṃ antaraghare gantabbaṃ. Na khambhakatena antaraghare gantabbaṃ. Na oguṇṭhitena antaraghare gantabbaṃ. Na ukkuṭikāya antaraghare gantabbaṃ.

「不应越过长老比库们走在前面。应善覆盖地在俗家中行走。应善防护地在俗家中行走。应低垂眼目地在俗家中行走。不应昂首挺胸地在俗家中行走。不应大声喧哗地在俗家中行走。应小声地在俗家中行走。不应摇晃身体地在俗家中行走。不应摇晃手臂地在俗家中行走。不应摇晃头部地在俗家中行走。不应叉腰地在俗家中行走。不应覆头地在俗家中行走。不应蹲踞地在俗家中行走。

‘‘Suppaṭicchannena antaraghare nisīditabbaṃ. Susaṃvutena antaraghare nisīditabbaṃ. Okkhittacakkhunā antaraghare nisīditabbaṃ. Na ukkhittakāya antaraghare nisīditabbaṃ na ujjagghikāya antaraghare nisīditabbaṃ, appasaddena antaraghare nisīditabba. Na kāyappacālakaṃ antaraghare nisīditabbaṃ. Na bāhuppacālakaṃ antaraghare nisīditabbaṃ. Na sīsappacālakaṃ antaraghare nisīditabbaṃ. Na khambhakatena antaraghare nisīditabbaṃ. Na oguṇṭhitena antaraghare nisīditabbaṃ. Na pallatthikāya antaraghare nisīditabbaṃ. Na there bhikkhū anupakhajja nisīditabbaṃ. Na navā bhikkhū āsanena paṭibāhitabbā. Na saṅghāṭiṃ ottharitvā antaraghare nisīditabbaṃ.

「应善覆盖地在俗家中坐下。应善防护地在俗家中坐下。应低垂眼目地在俗家中坐下。不应昂首挺胸地在俗家中坐下。不应大声喧哗地在俗家中坐下。应小声地在俗家中坐下。不应摇晃身体地在俗家中坐下。不应摇晃手臂地在俗家中坐下。不应摇晃头部地在俗家中坐下。不应叉腰地在俗家中坐下。不应覆头地在俗家中坐下。不应抱膝地在俗家中坐下。不应紧挨着长老比库们坐下。不应用座位阻挡新比库们。不应铺开桑喀帝后在俗家中坐下。

‘‘Udake diyyamāne ubhohi hatthehi pattaṃ paṭiggahetvā udakaṃ paṭiggahetabbaṃ. Nīcaṃ katvā sādhukaṃ appaṭighaṃsantena patto dhovitabbo. Sace udakappaṭiggāhako hoti, nīcaṃ katvā udakappaṭiggahe udakaṃ āsiñcitabbaṃ – mā udakappaṭiggāhako udakena osiñci , mā sāmantā bhikkhū udakena osiñciṃsu , mā saṅghāṭi udakena osiñcīti. Sace udakappaṭiggāhako na hoti, nīcaṃ katvā chamāya udakaṃ āsiñcitabbaṃ – mā sāmantā bhikkhū udakena osiñciṃsu, mā saṅghāṭi udakena osiñcīti.

「当给水时,应用双手接钵后接受水。应低下地善巧地不碰撞地洗钵。如果有水接受器,应低下地在水接受器中倒水——不要让水接受器被水溅湿,不要让周围的比库们被水溅湿,不要让桑喀帝被水溅湿。如果没有水接受器,应低下地在地上倒水——不要让周围的比库们被水溅湿,不要让桑喀帝被水溅湿。

‘‘Odane diyyamāne ubhohi hatthehi pattaṃ paṭiggahetvā odano paṭiggahetabbo, sūpassa okāso kātabbo. Sace hoti sappi vā telaṃ vā uttaribhaṅgaṃ vā, therena vattabbo – ‘sabbesaṃ samakaṃ sampādehī’ti. Sakkaccaṃ piṇḍapāto paṭiggahetabbo. Pattasaññinā piṇḍapāto paṭiggahetabbo. Samasūpako piṇḍapāto paṭiggahetabbo. Samatittiko piṇḍapāto paṭiggahetabbo.

「当给饭时,应用双手接钵后接受饭,应留出汤的空间。如果有酥或油或额外的食物,长老应说:『请平等地分配给所有人。』应恭敬地接受钵食。应有钵想地接受钵食。应汤量平等地接受钵食。应平满地接受钵食。

‘‘Na tāva therena bhuñjitabbaṃ yāva na sabbesaṃ odano sampatto hoti. Sakkaccaṃ piṇḍapāto bhuñjitabbo. Pattasaññinā piṇḍapāto bhuñjitabbo. Sapadānaṃ piṇḍapāto bhuñjitabbo. Samasūpako piṇḍapāto bhuñjitabbo . Na thūpakato omadditvā piṇḍipāto bhuñjitabbo. Na sūpaṃ vā byañjanaṃ vā odanena paṭicchādetabbaṃ bhiyyokamyataṃ upādāya. Na sūpaṃ vā odanaṃ vā agilānena attano atthāya viññāpetvā bhuñjitabbaṃ. Na ujjhānasaññinā paresaṃ patto oloketabbo. Nātimahanto kabaḷo kātabbo. Parimaṇḍalo ālopo kātabbo. Na anāhaṭe kabaḷe mukhadvāraṃ vivaritabbaṃ. Na bhuñjamānena sabbo hattho mukhe pakkhipitabbo. Na sakabaḷena mukhena byāharitabbaṃ. Na piṇḍukkhepakaṃ bhuñjitabbaṃ. Na kabaḷāvacchedakaṃ bhuñjitabbaṃ. Na avagaṇḍakārakaṃ bhuñjitabbaṃ. Na hatthaniddhunakaṃ bhuñjitabbaṃ. Na sitthāvakārakaṃ bhuñjitabbaṃ. Na jivhānicchārakaṃ bhuñjitabbaṃ. Na capucapukārakaṃ bhuñjitabbaṃ. Na surusurukārakaṃ bhuñjitabbaṃ. Na hatthanillehakaṃ bhuñjitabbaṃ. Na pattanillehakaṃ bhuñjitabbaṃ. Na oṭṭhanillehakaṃ bhuñjitabbaṃ.

「长老不应在所有人都还没得到饭时就先吃。应恭敬地吃钵食。应有钵想地吃钵食。应依次序地吃钵食。应汤量平等地吃钵食。不应从堆起处压下地吃钵食。不应为了更多的欲求而用饭覆盖汤或菜。不应在无病时为自己请求汤或饭后吃。不应以不满之想看他人的钵。不应做太大的食团。应做圆形的食团。不应在食团未送到时就张开口。不应在吃时把整只手放入口中。不应含着食团说话。不应抛掷食团地吃。不应咬断食团地吃。不应塞满口腔地吃。不应甩手地吃。不应撒饭粒地吃。不应伸舌地吃。不应作咂嘴声地吃。不应作吸食声地吃。不应舔手地吃。不应刮钵地吃。不应舔唇地吃。

‘‘Na sāmisena hatthena pānīyathālako paṭiggahetabbo. Na tāva therena udakaṃ paṭiggahetabbaṃ yāva na sabbeva bhuttāvino honti. Udake diyyamāne ubhohi hatthehi pattaṃ paṭiggahetvā udakaṃ paṭiggahetabbaṃ. Nīcaṃ katvā sādhukaṃ appaṭighaṃsantena patto dhovitabbo. Sace udakappaṭiggāhako hoti, nīcaṃ katvā udakappaṭiggahe udakaṃ āsiñcitabbaṃ – mā udakappaṭiggāhako udakena osiñci, mā sāmantā bhikkhū udakena osiñciṃsu, mā saṅghāṭi udakena osiñcīti. Sace udakappaṭiggāhako na hoti, nīcaṃ katvā chamāya udakaṃ āsiñcitabbaṃ – mā sāmantā bhikkhū udakena osiñciṃsu, mā saṅghāṭi udakena osiñcīti. Na sasitthakaṃ pattadhovanaṃ antaraghare chaḍḍetabbaṃ.

「不应用沾有食物的手接受水器。长老不应在所有人都还没吃完时就先接受水。当给水时,应用双手接钵后接受水。应低下地善巧地不碰撞地洗钵。如果有水接受器,应低下地在水接受器中倒水——不要让水接受器被水溅湿,不要让周围的比库们被水溅湿,不要让桑喀帝被水溅湿。如果没有水接受器,应低下地在地上倒水——不要让周围的比库们被水溅湿,不要让桑喀帝被水溅湿。不应在俗家中丢弃带有饭粒的洗钵水。

‘‘Nivattantena navakehi bhikkhūhi paṭhamataraṃ nivattitabbaṃ. Pacchā therehi suppaṭicchannena antaraghare gantabbaṃ. Susaṃvutena antaraghare gantabbaṃ. Okkhittacakkhunā antaraghare gantabbaṃ. Na ukkhittakāya antaraghare gantabbaṃ. Na ujjagghikāya antaraghare gantabbaṃ. Appasaddena antaraghare gantabbaṃ. Na kāyappacālakaṃ antaraghare gantabbaṃ. Na bāhuppacālakaṃ antaraghare gantabbaṃ . Na sīsappacālakaṃ antaraghare gantabbaṃ. Na khambhakatena antaraghare gantabbaṃ. Na oguṇṭhitena antaraghare gantabbaṃ. Na ukkuṭikāya antaraghare gantabbaṃ. Idaṃ kho, bhikkhave, bhikkhūnaṃ bhattaggavattaṃ yathā bhikkhūhi bhattagge sammā vattitabba’’nti.

「返回时,新比库应当先返回。之后长老们应当善覆护地在俗家间行走。应当善防护地在俗家间行走。应当垂目地在俗家间行走。不应举身地在俗家间行走。不应大笑地在俗家间行走。应当少声地在俗家间行走。不应摇身地在俗家间行走。不应摇臂地在俗家间行走。不应摇头地在俗家间行走。不应叉腰地在俗家间行走。不应覆头地在俗家间行走。不应蹲踞地在俗家间行走。诸比库,这是比库们的食堂行仪,比库们应当如此在食堂中正确地行。」

Paṭhamabhāṇavāro niṭṭhito. · 第一诵品完

6. Piṇḍacārikavattakathā6. 乞食比库行仪论

§365

Tena kho pana samayena piṇḍacārikā bhikkhū dunnivatthā duppārutā anākappasampannā piṇḍāya caranti, asallakkhetvāpi nivesanaṃ pavisanti, asallakkhetvāpi nikkhamanti, atisahasāpi pavisanti, atisahasāpi nikkhamanti, atidūrepi tiṭṭhanti, accāsannepi tiṭṭhanti, aticirampi tiṭṭhanti, atilahumpi nivattanti. Aññataropi piṇḍacāriko bhikkhu asallakkhetvā nivesanaṃ pāvisi. So ca dvāraṃ maññamāno aññataraṃ ovarakaṃ pāvisi. Tasmimpi ovarake itthī naggā uttānā nipannā hoti. Addasā kho so bhikkhu taṃ itthiṃ naggaṃ uttānaṃ nipannaṃ. Disvāna – ‘‘nayidaṃ dvāraṃ, ovarakaṃ ida’’nti tamhā ovarakā nikkhami. Addasā kho tassā itthiyā sāmiko taṃ itthiṃ naggaṃ uttānaṃ nipannaṃ. Disvāna – ‘‘iminā me bhikkhunā pajāpatī dūsitā’’ti taṃ bhikkhuṃ gahetvā ākoṭesi. Atha kho sā itthī tena saddena paṭibujjhitvā taṃ purisaṃ etadavoca – ‘‘kissa tvaṃ, ayya, imaṃ bhikkhuṃ ākoṭesī’’ti? ‘‘Imināsi tvaṃ bhikkhunā dūsitā’’ti? ‘‘Nāhaṃ, ayya, iminā bhikkhunā dūsitā; akārako so bhikkhū’’ti taṃ bhikkhuṃ muñcāpesi. Atha kho so bhikkhu ārāmaṃ gantvā bhikkhūnaṃ etamatthaṃ ārocesi. Ye te bhikkhū appicchā…pe… te ujjhāyanti khiyyanti vipācenti – ‘‘kathañhi nāma piṇḍacārikā bhikkhū dunnivatthā duppārutā anākappasampannā piṇḍāya carissanti, asallakkhetvāpi nivesanaṃ pavisissanti, asallakkhetvāpi nikkhamissanti, atisahasāpi pavisissanti, atisahasāpi nikkhamissanti, atidūrepi tiṭṭhissanti, accāsannepi tiṭṭhissanti, aticirampi tiṭṭhissanti, atilahumpi nivattissantī’’ti! Atha kho te bhikkhū bhagavato etamatthaṃ ārocesuṃ…pe… saccaṃ kira, bhikkhave…pe… saccaṃ bhagavāti…pe… vigarahitvā…pe… dhammiṃ kathaṃ katvā bhikkhū āmantesi –

尔时,行乞食的比库们衣着不整、披衣不整、不具足威仪地行乞食,不观察即进入住家,不观察即出来,过于匆忙地进入,过于匆忙地出来,站得过远,站得过近,站得过久,返回得过快。某位行乞食的比库不观察即进入住家。他以为是门而进入了某个内室。在那内室中,有一位妇女裸体仰卧着。那位比库看见那位妇女裸体仰卧着。看见后,「这不是门,这是内室」,从那内室出来。那位妇女的丈夫看见那位妇女裸体仰卧着。看见后,「这位比库污辱了我的妻子」,抓住那位比库殴打。那时,那位妇女被那声音惊醒,对那位男子说:「尊者,你为何殴打这位比库?」「你被这位比库污辱了。」「尊者,我没有被这位比库污辱;那位比库是无辜的。」让那位比库释放了。那时,那位比库前往精舍,向诸比库报告此事。那些少欲的比库们……抱怨、非难、呵责:「为何行乞食的比库们衣着不整、披衣不整、不具足威仪地行乞食,不观察即进入住家,不观察即出来,过于匆忙地进入,过于匆忙地出来,站得过远,站得过近,站得过久,返回得过快?」那时,那些比库们向世尊报告此事……「诸比库,真的吗……」「真的,世尊。」……呵责后……作法谈后,告诉诸比库:

§366

‘‘Tena hi, bhikkhave, piṇḍacārikānaṃ bhikkhūnaṃ vattaṃ paññāpessāmi yathā piṇḍacārikehi bhikkhūhi sammā vattitabbaṃ. Piṇḍacārikena, bhikkhave, bhikkhunā – ‘idāni gāmaṃ pavisissāmī’ti timaṇḍalaṃ paṭicchādentena parimaṇḍalaṃ nivāsetvā kāyabandhanaṃ bandhitvā saguṇaṃ katvā saṅghāṭiyo pārupitvā gaṇṭhikaṃ paṭimuñcitvā dhovitvā pattaṃ gahetvā sādhukaṃ ataramānena gāmo pavisitabbo.

「诸比库,那么,我将为行乞食的比库们制定行仪,行乞食的比库们应当如此正确地行。诸比库,行乞食的比库应当「现在我将进入村落」,覆盖三轮,周正地着下衣,系腰带,作钩纽,披上桑喀帝,解开结,洗净后拿钵,善加不急地进入村落。

「应当善覆护地在俗家间行走。应当善防护地在俗家间行走。应当垂目地在俗家间行走。不应举身地在俗家间行走。不应大笑地在俗家间行走。应当少声地在俗家间行走。不应摇身地在俗家间行走。不应摇臂地在俗家间行走。不应摇头地在俗家间行走。不应叉腰地在俗家间行走。不应覆头地在俗家间行走。不应蹲踞地在俗家间行走。

‘‘Nivesanaṃ pavisantena sallakkhetabbaṃ – ‘iminā pavisissāmi, iminā nikkhamissāmī’ti. Nātisahasā pavisitabbaṃ. Nātisahasā nikkhamitabbaṃ. Nātidūre ṭhātabbaṃ. Nāccāsanne ṭhātabbaṃ. Nāticiraṃ ṭhātabbaṃ. Nātilahuṃ nivattitabbaṃ. Ṭhitakena sallakkhetabbaṃ – ‘bhikkhaṃ dātukāmā vā adātukāmā vā’ti. Sace kammaṃ vā nikkhipati, āsanā vā vuṭṭhāti, kaṭacchuṃ vā parāmasati, bhājanaṃ vā parāmasati, ṭhapeti vā – dātukāmassāti ṭhātabbaṃ. Bhikkhāya diyyamānāya vāmena hatthena saṅghāṭiṃ uccāretvā dakkhiṇena hatthena pattaṃ paṇāmetvā ubhohi hatthehi pattaṃ paṭiggahetvā bhikkhā paṭiggahetabbā. Na ca bhikkhādāyikāya mukhaṃ ulloketabbaṃ . Sallakkhetabbaṃ – ‘sūpaṃ dātukāmā vā adātukāmā vā’ti. Sace kaṭacchuṃ vā parāmasati, bhājanaṃ vā parāmasati, ṭhapeti vā – dātukāmassāti ṭhātabbaṃ. Bhikkhāya dinnāya saṅghāṭiyā pattaṃ paṭicchādetvā sādhukaṃ ataramānena nivattitabbaṃ.

「进入住家时应当观察:『我将从这里进入,我将从这里出来。』不应过于匆忙地进入。不应过于匆忙地出来。不应站得过远。不应站得过近。不应站得过久。不应返回得过快。站立时应当观察:『想要施食或不想施食。』如果放下工作,或从座位起身,或触摸勺子,或触摸器皿,或放置,应当站立「想要施食」。当施食时,以左手举起桑喀帝,以右手倾钵,以双手持钵,应当接受食物。不应看施食者的脸。应当观察:『想要施汤或不想施汤。』如果触摸勺子,或触摸器皿,或放置,应当站立「想要施食」。食物施与后,以桑喀帝覆盖钵,善加不急地返回。

‘‘Suppaṭicchannena antaraghare gantabbaṃ. Susaṃvutena antaraghare gantabbaṃ. Okkhittacakkhunā antaraghare gantabbaṃ. Na ukkhittakāya antaraghare gantabbaṃ. Na ujjagghikāya antaraghare gantabbaṃ. Appasaddena antaraghare gantabbaṃ. Na kāyappacālakaṃ antaraghare gantabbaṃ. Na bāhuppacālakaṃ antaraghare gantabbaṃ. Na sīsappacālakaṃ antaraghare gantabbaṃ. Na khambhakatena antaraghare gantabbaṃ. Na oguṇṭhitena antaraghare gantabbaṃ. Na ukkuṭikāya antaraghare gantabbaṃ. Yo paṭhamaṃ gāmato piṇḍāya paṭikkamati, tena āsanaṃ paññapetabbaṃ, pādodakaṃ pādapīṭhaṃ pādakathalikaṃ upanikkhipitabbaṃ, avakkārapāti dhovitvā upaṭṭhāpetabbā, pānīyaṃ paribhojanīyaṃ upaṭṭhāpetabbaṃ. Yo pacchā gāmato piṇḍāya paṭikkamati, sace hoti bhuttāvaseso, sace ākaṅkhati, bhuñjitabbaṃ . No ce ākaṅkhati, appaharite vā chaḍḍetabbaṃ, appāṇake vā udake opilāpetabbaṃ. Tena āsanaṃ uddharitabbaṃ, pādodakaṃ pādapīṭhaṃ pādakathalikaṃ paṭisāmetabbaṃ, avakkārapāti dhovitvā paṭisāmetabbā, pānīyaṃ paribhojanīyaṃ paṭisāmetabbaṃ , bhattaggaṃ sammajjitabbaṃ. Yo passati pānīyaghaṭaṃ vā paribhojanīyaghaṭaṃ vā vaccaghaṭaṃ vā rittaṃ tucchaṃ tena upaṭṭhāpetabbaṃ. Sacassa hoti avisayhaṃ, hatthavikārena dutiyaṃ āmantetvā hatthavilaṅghakena upaṭṭhāpetabbaṃ, na ca tappaccayā vācā bhinditabbā. Idaṃ kho, bhikkhave, piṇḍacārikānaṃ bhikkhūnaṃ vattaṃ yathā piṇḍacārikehi bhikkhūhi sammā vattitabba’’nti.

「应当善覆护地在俗家间行走。应当善防护地在俗家间行走。应当垂目地在俗家间行走。不应举身地在俗家间行走。不应大笑地在俗家间行走。应当少声地在俗家间行走。不应摇身地在俗家间行走。不应摇臂地在俗家间行走。不应摇头地在俗家间行走。不应叉腰地在俗家间行走。不应覆头地在俗家间行走。不应蹲踞地在俗家间行走。最先从村落乞食返回者,应当铺设座位,放置洗足水、足台、足布,洗净后设置污水器,设置饮用水、净水。最后从村落乞食返回者,如果有剩余的食物,如果想要,应当食用。如果不想要,应当弃于无草处,或倒入无生物的水中。他应当收起座位,收拾洗足水、足台、足布,洗净后收拾污水器,收拾饮用水、净水,打扫食堂。看见饮用水瓶或净水瓶或厕所水瓶空了,他应当设置。如果对他来说力不能及,以手势召唤第二人,以手势设置,不应因此而破语。诸比库,这是行乞食的比库们的行仪,行乞食的比库们应当如此正确地行。」

7. Āraññikavattakathā7. 阿兰若比库行仪论

§367

Tena kho pana samayena sambahulā bhikkhū araññe viharanti. Te neva pānīyaṃ upaṭṭhāpenti, na paribhojanīyaṃ upaṭṭhāpenti , na aggiṃ upaṭṭhāpenti, na araṇisahitaṃ upaṭṭhāpenti, na nakkhattapadāni jānanti, na disābhāgaṃ jānanti. Corā tattha gantvā te bhikkhū etadavocuṃ – ‘‘atthi, bhante, pānīya’’nti? ‘‘Natthāvuso’’ti. ‘‘Atthi, bhante, paribhojanīya’’nti? ‘‘Natthāvuso’’ti. ‘‘Atthi, bhante, aggī’’ti? ‘‘Natthāvuso’’ti. ‘‘Atthi, bhante, araṇisahita’’nti? ‘‘Natthāvuso’’ti. ( ) ‘‘Kenajja, bhante, yutta’’nti? ‘‘Na kho mayaṃ, āvuso, jānāmā’’ti. ‘‘Katamāyaṃ, bhante, disā’’ti? ‘‘Na kho mayaṃ, āvuso, jānāmā’’ti. Atha kho te corā – ‘nevimesaṃ pānīyaṃ atthi, na paribhojanīyaṃ atthi, na aggi atthi, na araṇisahitaṃ atthi, na nakkhattapadāni jānanti, na disābhāgaṃ jānanti; corā ime, nayime bhikkhū’ti – ākoṭetvā pakkamiṃsu. Atha kho te bhikkhū bhikkhūnaṃ etamatthaṃ ārocesuṃ. Bhikkhū bhagavato etamatthaṃ ārocesuṃ. Atha kho bhagavā etasmiṃ nidāne etasmiṃ pakaraṇe dhammiṃ kathaṃ katvā bhikkhū āmantesi –

尔时,众多比库住在林野。他们既不设置饮用水,也不设置净水,也不设置火,也不设置钻火具,也不知道星宿,也不知道方位。盗贼们前往那里,对那些比库说:「尊者,有饮用水吗?」「朋友,没有。」「尊者,有净水吗?」「朋友,没有。」「尊者,有火吗?」「朋友,没有。」「尊者,有钻火具吗?」「朋友,没有。」「尊者,今天是什么星宿?」「朋友,我们不知道。」「尊者,这是什么方向?」「朋友,我们不知道。」那时,那些盗贼「这些人既没有饮用水,也没有净水,也没有火,也没有钻火具,也不知道星宿,也不知道方位;这些是盗贼,这些不是比库」,殴打后离去。那时,那些比库向诸比库报告此事。诸比库向世尊报告此事。那时,世尊以此因缘、以此事缘,作法谈后,告诉诸比库:

§368

‘‘Tena hi, bhikkhave, āraññikānaṃ bhikkhūnaṃ vattaṃ paññapessāmi yathā āraññikehi bhikkhūhi sammā vattitabbaṃ. Āraññikena, bhikkhave, bhikkhunā kālasseva uṭṭhāya pattaṃ thavikāya pakkhipitvā aṃse ālaggetvā cīvaraṃ khandhe karitvā upāhanā ārohitvā dārubhaṇḍaṃ mattikābhaṇḍaṃ paṭisāmetvā dvāravātapānaṃ thaketvā senāsanā otaritabbaṃ – idāni gāmaṃ pavisissāmīti. Upāhanā omuñcitvā nīcaṃ katvā papphoṭetvā thavikāya pakkhipitvā aṃse ālaggetvā timaṇḍalaṃ paṭicchādentena parimaṇḍalaṃ nivāsetvā kāyabandhanaṃ bandhitvā saguṇaṃ katvā saṅghāṭiyo pārupitvā gaṇṭhikaṃ paṭimuñcitvā dhovitvā pattaṃ gahetvā sādhukaṃ ataramānena gāmo pavisitabbo. Suppaṭicchannena antaraghare gantabbaṃ…pe… na khambhakatena antaraghare gantabbaṃ. Na oguṇṭhitena antaraghare gantabbaṃ. Na ukkuṭikāya antaraghare gantabbaṃ.

「诸比库,那么,我将为住林野的比库们制定行仪,住林野的比库们应当如此正确地行。诸比库,住林野的比库应当及时起身,将钵放入袋中,挂在肩上,将衣搭在肩上,穿上鞋,收拾木材、陶器,关闭门窗,从住处下来「现在我将进入村落」。脱下鞋,放低,拍打,放入袋中,挂在肩上,覆盖三轮,周正地着下衣,系腰带,作钩纽,披上桑喀帝,解开结,洗净后拿钵,善加不急地进入村落。应当善覆护地在俗家间行走……不应叉腰地在俗家间行走。不应覆头地在俗家间行走。不应蹲踞地在俗家间行走。」

‘‘Nivesanaṃ pavisantena sallakkhetabbaṃ – ‘iminā pavisissāmi, iminā nikkhamissāmī’ti. Nātisahasā pavisitabbaṃ. Nātisahasā nikkhamitabbaṃ. Nātidūre ṭhātabbaṃ. Nāccāsanne ṭhātabbaṃ. Nāticiraṃ ṭhātabbaṃ. Nātilahuṃ nivattitabbaṃ. Ṭhitakena sallakkhetabbaṃ – ‘bhikkhaṃ dātukāmā vā adātukāmā vā’ti. Sace kammaṃ vā nikkhipati, āsanā vā vuṭṭhāti, kaṭacchuṃ vā parāmasati, bhājanaṃ vā parāmasati, ṭhapeti vā – dātukāmassāti ṭhātabbaṃ. Bhikkhāya diyyamānāya vāmena hatthena saṅghāṭiṃ uccāretvā dakkhiṇena hatthena pattaṃ paṇāmetvā ubhohi hatthehi pattaṃ paṭiggahetvā bhikkhā paṭiggahetabbā. Na ca bhikkhādāyikāya mukhaṃ ulloketabbaṃ. Sallakkhetabbaṃ – ‘sūpaṃ dātukāmā vā adātukāmā vā’ti. Sace kaṭacchu vā parāmasati, bhājanaṃ vā parāmasati, ṭhapeti vā – dātukāmassāti ṭhātabbaṃ. Bhikkhāya dinnāya saṅghāṭiyā pattaṃ paṭicchādetvā sādhukaṃ ataramānena nivattitabbaṃ.

「进入住处时应当观察——『我将从这里进入,我将从这里出来』。不应太急地进入。不应太急地出来。不应站得太远。不应站得太近。不应站得太久。不应太快地返回。站立时应当观察——『想要施与食物或不想施与』。如果放下工作,或从座位起来,或触摸勺子,或触摸容器,或放置——应当站立,认为『想要施与』。当施与食物时,以左手举起桑喀帝,以右手倾斜钵,以双手接受钵,应当接受食物。不应仰望施食者的脸。应当观察——『想要施与汤或不想施与』。如果触摸勺子,或触摸容器,或放置——应当站立,认为『想要施与』。当施与食物后,以桑喀帝覆盖钵,应当善巧地、不急地返回。

‘‘Suppaṭicchannena antaraghare gantabbaṃ…pe… na ukkuṭikāya antaraghare gantabbaṃ. Gāmato nikkhamitvā pattaṃ thavikāya pakkhipitvā aṃse ālaggetvā cīvaraṃ saṅgharitvā sīse karitvā upāhanā ārohitvā gantabbaṃ.

「应当善覆盖地在村落中行走……乃至……不应蹲踞着在村落中行走。从村落出来后,将钵放入袋中,挂在肩上,收拾衣,置于头上,穿上鞋,应当行走。

‘‘Āraññikena, bhikkhave, bhikkhunā pānīyaṃ upaṭṭhāpetabbaṃ, paribhojanīyaṃ upaṭṭhāpetabbaṃ, aggi upaṭṭhāpetabbo, araṇisahitaṃ upaṭṭhāpetabbaṃ, kattaradaṇḍo upaṭṭhāpetabbo, nakkhattapadāni uggahetabbāni – sakalāni vā ekadesāni vā, disākusalena bhavitabbaṃ. Idaṃ kho, bhikkhave, āraññikānaṃ bhikkhūnaṃ vattaṃ yathā āraññikehi bhikkhūhi sammā vattitabba’’nti.

「诸比库!住阿兰若的比库应当准备饮用水,应当准备食用水,应当准备火,应当准备钻木取火具,应当准备杖,应当学习星宿——全部或部分,应当善知方向。诸比库!这是住阿兰若的诸比库的行仪,住阿兰若的诸比库应当如此正确地行持。」

8. Senāsanavattakathā8. 住所行仪论

§369

Tena kho pana samayena sambahulā bhikkhū ajjhokāse cīvarakammaṃ karonti. Chabbaggiyā bhikkhū paṭivāte aṅgaṇe senāsanaṃ papphoṭesuṃ. Bhikkhū rajena okiriṃsu. Ye te bhikkhū appicchā…pe… te ujjhāyanti khiyyanti vipācenti – ‘‘kathañhi nāma chabbaggiyā bhikkhū paṭivāte aṅgaṇe senāsanaṃ papphoṭessanti! Bhikkhū rajena okiriṃsū’’ti. Atha kho te bhikkhū bhagavato etamatthaṃ ārocesuṃ…pe… ‘‘saccaṃ kira, bhikkhave, chabbaggiyā bhikkhū paṭivāte aṅgaṇe senāsanaṃ papphoṭenti, bhikkhū rajena okiriṃsū’’ti? ‘‘Saccaṃ bhagavā’’ti…pe… vigarahitvā…pe… dhammiṃ kathaṃ katvā bhikkhū āmantesi –

尔时,众多比库在露地做衣工作。六群比库在迎风的庭院中抖动住处。以尘土洒落诸比库。那些少欲的诸比库……乃至……他们抱怨、呵责、传播——「六群比库怎么能在迎风的庭院中抖动住处!以尘土洒落诸比库」。那时,那些比库向世尊报告此事……乃至……「诸比库!六群比库确实在迎风的庭院中抖动住处,以尘土洒落诸比库吗?」「世尊!确实如此」……乃至……呵责后……乃至……作如法语后,告诉诸比库——

§370

‘‘Tena hi, bhikkhave, bhikkhūnaṃ senāsanavattaṃ paññapessāmi yathā bhikkhūhi senāsane sammā vattitabbaṃ. Yasmiṃ vihāre viharati, sace so vihāro uklāpo hoti, sace ussahati, sodhetabbo. Vihāraṃ sodhentena paṭhamaṃ pattacīvaraṃ nīharitvā ekamantaṃ nikkhipitabbaṃ; nisīdanapaccattharaṇaṃ nīharitvā ekamantaṃ nikkhipitabbaṃ; bhisibibbohanaṃ nīharitvā ekamantaṃ nikkhipitabbaṃ; mañco nīcaṃ katvā sādhukaṃ appaṭighaṃsantena, asaṅghaṭṭentena kavāṭapiṭṭhaṃ, nīharitvā ekamantaṃ nikkhipitabbo; pīṭhaṃ nīcaṃ katvā sādhukaṃ appaṭighaṃsantena, asaṅghaṭṭentena kavāṭapiṭṭhaṃ, nīharitvā ekamantaṃ nikkhipitabbaṃ; mañcapaṭipādakā nīharitvā ekamantaṃ nikkhipitabbā; kheḷamallako nīharitvā ekamantaṃ nikkhipitabbo; apassenaphalakaṃ nīharitvā ekamantaṃ nikkhipitabbaṃ; bhummattharaṇaṃ yathāpaññattaṃ sallakkhetvā nīharitvā ekamantaṃ nikkhipitabbaṃ. Sace vihāre santānakaṃ hoti, ullokā paṭhamaṃ ohāretabbaṃ, ālokasandhikaṇṇabhāgā pamajjitabbā. Sace gerukaparikammakatā bhitti kaṇṇakitā hoti, coḷakaṃ temetvā pīḷetvā pamajjitabbā. Sace kāḷavaṇṇakatā bhūmi kaṇṇakitā hoti, coḷakaṃ temetvā pīḷetvā pamajjitabbā. Sace akatā hoti bhūmi, udakena paripphositvā pariphositvā sammajjitabbā – mā vihāro rajena uhaññīti. Saṅkāraṃ vicinitvā ekamantaṃ chaḍḍetabbaṃ.

「那么,诸比库!我将为诸比库制定住处行仪,诸比库应当如此在住处正确地行持。在所住的精舍中,如果那精舍肮脏,如果能够,应当清扫。清扫精舍时,首先应当取出钵与衣,置于一旁;应当取出坐垫与床单,置于一旁;应当取出枕头与褥子,置于一旁;应当放低床,善巧地不摩擦、不碰撞门框,取出,置于一旁;应当放低椅,善巧地不摩擦、不碰撞门框,取出,置于一旁;应当取出床脚支撑,置于一旁;应当取出痰盂,置于一旁;应当取出靠板,置于一旁;应当观察地敷具如何铺设后,取出,置于一旁。如果精舍中有蜘蛛网,应当首先从上面除去,应当擦拭窗户的角落。如果涂红土的墙壁肮脏,应当浸湿布,拧干后擦拭。如果涂黑色的地面肮脏,应当浸湿布,拧干后擦拭。如果未处理的地面,应当洒水、遍洒后清扫——『愿精舍不被尘土覆盖』。应当检查垃圾,弃置于一旁。

‘‘Na bhikkhusāmantā senāsanaṃ papphoṭetabbaṃ. Na vihārasāmantā senāsanaṃ papphoṭetabbaṃ. Na pānīyasāmantā senāsanaṃ papphoṭetabbaṃ. Na paribhojanīyasāmantā senāsanaṃ papphoṭetabbaṃ. Na paṭivāte aṅgaṇe senāsanaṃ papphoṭetabbaṃ. Adhovāte senāsanaṃ papphoṭetabbaṃ.

「不应在比库附近抖动住处。不应在精舍附近抖动住处。不应在饮用水附近抖动住处。不应在食用水附近抖动住处。不应在迎风的庭院中抖动住处。应当在下风处抖动住处。

‘‘Bhummattharaṇaṃ ekamantaṃ otāpetvā sodhetvā papphoṭetvā atiharitvā yathāpaññattaṃ paññapetabbaṃ. Mañcapaṭipādakā ekamantaṃ otāpetvā pamajjitvā atiharitvā yathāṭhāne ṭhapetabbā. Mañco ekamantaṃ otāpetvā sodhetvā papphoṭetvā nīcaṃ katvā sādhukaṃ appaṭighaṃsantena, asaṅghaṭṭentena kavāṭapiṭṭhaṃ, atiharitvā yathāpaññattaṃ paññapetabbo. Pīṭhaṃ ekamantaṃ otāpetvā sodhetvā papphoṭetvā nīcaṃ katvā sādhukaṃ appaṭighaṃsantena, asaṅghaṭṭentena kavāṭapiṭṭhaṃ, atiharitvā yathāpaññattaṃ paññapetabbaṃ. Bhisibibbohanaṃ ekamantaṃ otāpetvā sodhetvā papphoṭetvā atiharitvā yathāpaññattaṃ paññapetabbaṃ. Nisīdanapaccattharaṇaṃ ekamantaṃ otāpetvā sodhetvā papphoṭetvā atiharitvā yathāpaññattaṃ paññapetabbaṃ. Kheḷamallako ekamantaṃ otāpetvā pamajjitvā atiharitvā yathāṭhāne ṭhapetabbo. Apassenaphalakaṃ ekamantaṃ otāpetvā pamajjitvā atiharitvā yathāṭhāne ṭhapetabbaṃ. Pattacīvaraṃ nikkhipitabbaṃ. Pattaṃ nikkhipantena ekena hatthena pattaṃ gahetvā ekena hatthena heṭṭhāmañcaṃ vā heṭṭhāpīṭhaṃ vā parāmasitvā patto nikkhipitabbo. Na ca anantarahitāya bhūmiyā patto nikkhipitabbo. Cīvaraṃ nikkhipantena ekena hatthena cīvaraṃ gahetvā ekena hatthena cīvaravaṃsaṃ vā cīvararajju vā pamajjitvā pārato antaṃ orato bhogaṃ katvā cīvaraṃ nikkhipitabbaṃ.

「应当将地敷具置于一旁晒干、清洁、抖动后,搬入,如原先铺设般铺设。应当将床脚支撑置于一旁晒干、擦拭后,搬入,置于原处。应当将床置于一旁晒干、清洁、抖动后,放低,善巧地不摩擦、不碰撞门框,搬入,如原先铺设般铺设。应当将椅置于一旁晒干、清洁、抖动后,放低,善巧地不摩擦、不碰撞门框,搬入,如原先铺设般铺设。应当将枕头与褥子置于一旁晒干、清洁、抖动后,搬入,如原先铺设般铺设。应当将坐垫与床单置于一旁晒干、清洁、抖动后,搬入,如原先铺设般铺设。应当将痰盂置于一旁晒干、擦拭后,搬入,置于原处。应当将靠板置于一旁晒干、擦拭后,搬入,置于原处。应当收藏钵与衣。收藏钵时,应当以一手握钵,以一手触摸床下或椅下,应当收藏钵。不应将钵收藏于无遮盖的地面。收藏衣时,应当以一手握衣,以一手擦拭衣架或衣绳,应当将衣的那边在远处、这边的折叠在近处后收藏衣。

‘‘Sace puratthimā sarajā vātā vāyanti, puratthimā vātapānā thaketabbā. Sace pacchimā sarajā vātā vāyanti, pacchimā vātapānā thaketabbā. Sace uttarā sarajā vātā vāyanti uttarā vātapānā thaketabbā. Sace dakkhiṇā sarajā vātā vāyanti, dakkhiṇā vātapānā thaketabbā. Sace sītakālo hoti, divā vātapānā vivaritabbā, rattiṃ thaketabbā. Sace uṇhakālo hoti, divā vātapānā thaketabbā, rattiṃ vivaritabbā.

「如果东方有尘的风吹来,应当关闭东方的窗户。如果西方有尘的风吹来,应当关闭西方的窗户。如果北方有尘的风吹来,应当关闭北方的窗户。如果南方有尘的风吹来,应当关闭南方的窗户。如果是寒冷季节,白天应当打开窗户,夜晚应当关闭。如果是炎热季节,白天应当关闭窗户,夜晚应当打开。」

「若住处肮脏,应打扫住处。若储藏室肮脏,应打扫储藏室。若集会堂肮脏,应打扫集会堂。若火堂肮脏,应打扫火堂。若厕所肮脏,应打扫厕所。若无饮用水,应备置饮用水。若无漱口水,应备置漱口水。若漱口水瓶中无水,应注入水于漱口水瓶中。」

‘‘Sace vuḍḍhena saddhiṃ ekavihāre viharati, na vuḍḍhaṃ anāpucchā uddeso dātabbo, na paripucchā dātabbā, na sajjhāyo kātabbo, na dhammo bhāsitabbo, na padīpo kātabbo, na padīpo vijjhāpetabbo, na vātapānā vivaritabbā, na vātapānā thaketabbā. Sace vuḍḍhena saddhiṃ ekacaṅkame caṅkamati, yena vuḍḍho tena parivattitabbaṃ, na ca vuḍḍho saṅghāṭikaṇṇena ghaṭṭetabbo. Idaṃ kho, bhikkhave, bhikkhūnaṃ senāsanavattaṃ yathā bhikkhūhi senāsane sammā vattitabba’’nti.

「若与长老同住一住处,不应未请问长老而授课,不应授问答,不应诵习,不应说法,不应点灯,不应灭灯,不应开窗,不应关窗。若与长老同在一经行处经行,应转向长老所在之处,不应以桑喀帝角碰触长老。诸比库!此为诸比库之住处义务,诸比库应如此于住处正确行持。」

9. Jantāgharavattakathā9. 火堂行仪论

§371

Tena kho pana samayena chabbaggiyā bhikkhū jantāghare therehi bhikkhūhi nivāriyamānā anādariyaṃ paṭicca pahūtaṃ kaṭṭhaṃ āropetvā aggiṃ datvā dvāraṃ thaketvā dvāre nisīdanti. Bhikkhū uṇhābhitattā dvāraṃ alabhamānā mucchitā papatanti. Ye te bhikkhū appicchā…pe… te ujjhāyanti khiyyanti vipācenti – ‘‘kathañhi nāma chabbaggiyā bhikkhū jantāghare therehi bhikkhūhi nivāriyamānā anādariyaṃ paṭicca pahūtaṃ kaṭṭhaṃ āropetvā aggiṃ datvā dvāraṃ thaketvā dvāre nisīdissanti! Bhikkhū uṇhābhitattā dvāraṃ alabhamānā mucchitā papatantī’’ti. Atha kho te bhikkhū bhagavato etamatthaṃ ārocesuṃ…pe… ‘‘saccaṃ kira, bhikkhave, chabbaggiyā bhikkhū jantāghare therehi bhikkhūhi nivāriyamānā anādariyaṃ paṭicca pahūtaṃ kaṭṭhaṃ āropetvā aggiṃ datvā dvāraṃ thaketvā dvāre nisīdanti; bhikkhū uṇhābhitattā dvāraṃ alabhamānā mucchitā papatantī’’ti? ‘‘Saccaṃ bhagavā’’ti…pe… vigarahitvā…pe… dhammiṃ kathaṃ katvā bhikkhū āmantesi – ‘‘na , bhikkhave, jantāghare therena bhikkhunā nivāriyamānena anādariyaṃ paṭicca pahūtaṃ kaṭṭhaṃ āropetvā aggi dātabbo. Yo dadeyya, āpatti dukkaṭassa. Na, bhikkhave, dvāraṃ thaketvā dvāre nisīditabbaṃ. Yo nisīdeyya, āpatti dukkaṭassa.

尔时,六群比库在浴室中被诸长老比库阻止,出于不恭敬,放置大量木柴,点火,关闭门,坐在门口。诸比库被热所逼,得不到门,昏倒倒地。诸少欲比库……他们抱怨、非难、呵责:「六群比库怎能在浴室中被诸长老比库阻止时,出于不恭敬,放置大量木柴,点火,关闭门,坐在门口!诸比库被热所逼,得不到门,昏倒倒地!」于是,诸比库将此事禀告世尊……「诸比库!六群比库真的在浴室中被诸长老比库阻止时,出于不恭敬,放置大量木柴,点火,关闭门,坐在门口;诸比库被热所逼,得不到门,昏倒倒地吗?」「真实,世尊。」……呵责后……作如法语后,告诉诸比库:「诸比库!在浴室中被长老比库阻止时,不应出于不恭敬,放置大量木柴点火。若点火者,犯恶作。诸比库!不应关闭门而坐在门口。若坐者,犯恶作。

§372

‘‘Tena hi, bhikkhave, bhikkhūnaṃ jantāgharavattaṃ paññapessāmi yathā bhikkhūhi jantāghare sammā vattitabbaṃ. Yo paṭhamaṃ jantāgharaṃ gacchati, sace chārikā ussannā hoti, chārikā chaḍḍetabbā. Sace jantāgharaṃ uklāpaṃ hoti, jantāgharaṃ sammajjitabbaṃ. Sace paribhaṇḍaṃ uklāpaṃ hoti, paribhaṇḍaṃ sammajjitabbaṃ. Sace pariveṇaṃ uklāpaṃ hoti, pariveṇaṃ sammajjitabbaṃ. Sace koṭṭhako uklāpo hoti, koṭṭhako sammajjitabbo . Sace jantāgharasālā uklāpā hoti, jantāgharasālā sammajjitabbā.

「诸比库!那么,我将为诸比库制定浴室义务,诸比库应如此于浴室正确行持。最先去浴室者,若灰烬堆积,应除去灰烬。若浴室肮脏,应打扫浴室。若用具肮脏,应打扫用具。若住处肮脏,应打扫住处。若储藏室肮脏,应打扫储藏室。若浴室堂肮脏,应打扫浴室堂。

‘‘Cuṇṇaṃ sannetabbaṃ, mattikā temetabbā, udakadoṇikāya udakaṃ āsiñcitabbaṃ. Jantāgharaṃ pavisantena mattikāya mukhaṃ makkhetvā purato ca pacchato ca paṭicchādetvā jantāgharaṃ pavisitabbaṃ. Na there bhikkhū anupakhajja nisīditabbaṃ. Na navā bhikkhū āsanena paṭibāhitabbā. Sace ussahati, jantāghare therānaṃ bhikkhūnaṃ parikammaṃ kātabbaṃ. Jantāgharā nikkhamantena jantāgharapīṭhaṃ ādāya purato ca pacchato ca paṭicchādetvā jantāgharā nikkhamitabbaṃ. Sace ussahati, udakepi therānaṃ bhikkhūnaṃ parikammaṃ kātabbaṃ. Na therānaṃ bhikkhūnaṃ puratopi nahāyitabbaṃ, na uparitopi nahāyitabbaṃ. Nahātena uttarantena otarantānaṃ maggo dātabbo. Yo pacchā jantāgharā nikkhamati, sace jantāgharaṃ cikkhallaṃ hoti, dhovitabbaṃ. Mattikādoṇikaṃ dhovitvā jantāgharapīṭhaṃ paṭisāmetvā aggiṃ vijjhāpetvā dvāraṃ thaketvā pakkamitabbaṃ. Idaṃ kho, bhikkhave, bhikkhūnaṃ jantāgharavattaṃ yathā bhikkhūhi jantāghare sammā vattitabba’’nti.

「应揉搓粉末,应浸湿泥土,应注入水于水桶中。进入浴室者,应以泥土涂抹脸,前后遮护后进入浴室。不应挤迫诸长老比库而坐。不应以座位阻挡诸新比库。若能够,应于浴室中为诸长老比库作服务。从浴室出来者,应拿取浴室凳,前后遮护后从浴室出来。若能够,应于水中为诸长老比库作服务。不应在诸长老比库前面沐浴,不应在上方沐浴。已沐浴而上来者,应给正在下去者让路。最后从浴室出来者,若浴室泥泞,应清洗。应清洗泥土桶,收拾浴室凳,灭火,关闭门后离去。诸比库!此为诸比库之浴室义务,诸比库应如此于浴室正确行持。」

10. Vaccakuṭivattakathā10. 厕所行仪论

§373

Tena kho pana samayena aññataro bhikkhu brāhmaṇajātiko vaccaṃ katvā na icchati ācametuṃ – ko imaṃ vasalaṃ duggandhaṃ āmasissatīti . Tassa vaccamagge kimi saṇṭhāti. Atha kho so bhikkhu bhikkhūnaṃ etamatthaṃ ārocesi. ‘‘Kiṃ pana tvaṃ, āvuso, vaccaṃ katvā na ācamesī’’ti? ‘‘Evamāvuso’’ti. Ye te bhikkhū appicchā…pe… te ujjhāyanti khiyyanti vipācenti – ‘‘kathañhi nāma bhikkhu vaccaṃ katvā na ācamessatī’’ti! Atha kho te bhikkhū bhagavato etamatthaṃ ārocesuṃ…pe… ‘‘saccaṃ kira tvaṃ, bhikkhu, vaccaṃ katvā na ācamesī’’ti? ‘‘Saccaṃ bhagavā’’ti…pe… vigarahitvā…pe… dhammiṃ kathaṃ katvā bhikkhū āmantesi – ‘‘na, bhikkhave, vaccaṃ katvā sati udake nācametabbaṃ. Yo nācameyya, āpatti dukkaṭassā’’ti.

尔时,某位婆罗门种姓的比库大便后不愿漱口——谁会触碰这肮脏恶臭之物呢?他的肛门生虫。于是,那位比库将此事告诉诸比库。「贤友!你大便后不漱口吗?」「是的,贤友。」诸少欲比库……他们抱怨、非难、呵责:「比库怎能大便后不漱口!」于是,诸比库将此事禀告世尊……「比库!你真的大便后不漱口吗?」「真实,世尊。」……呵责后……作如法语后,告诉诸比库:「诸比库!大便后有水时不应不漱口。若不漱口者,犯恶作。」

Tena kho pana samayena bhikkhū vaccakuṭiyā yathāvuḍḍhaṃ vaccaṃ karonti. Navakā bhikkhū paṭhamataraṃ āgantvā vaccitā āgamenti. Te vaccaṃ sandhārentā mucchitā papatanti. Bhagavato etamatthaṃ ārocesuṃ…pe… saccaṃ kira bhikkhave…pe… saccaṃ bhagavāti…pe… ‘‘na, bhikkhave, vaccakuṭiyā yathāvuḍḍhaṃ vacco kātabbo. Yo kareyya, āpatti dukkaṭassa. Anujānāmi, bhikkhave, āgatapaṭipāṭiyā vaccaṃ kātu’’nti.

尔时,诸比库在厕所按长幼次序大便。诸新比库较早到来,大便后离去。他们憋便昏倒倒地。将此事禀告世尊……「诸比库!真的……」「真实,世尊。」……「诸比库!不应在厕所按长幼次序大便。若如此作者,犯恶作。诸比库!我允许按到达次序大便。」

Tena kho pana samayena chabbaggiyā bhikkhū atisahasāpi vaccakuṭiṃ pavisanti, ubbhajitvāpi pavisanti, nitthunantāpi vaccaṃ karonti , dantakaṭṭhaṃ khādantāpi vaccaṃ karonti, bahiddhāpi vaccadoṇikāya vaccaṃ karonti, bahiddhāpi passāvadoṇikāya passāvaṃ karonti, passāvadoṇikāyapi kheḷaṃ karonti, pharusenapi kaṭṭhena avalekhanti, avalekhanakaṭṭhampi vaccakūpamhi pātenti, atisahasāpi nikkhamanti, ubbhajitvāpi nikkhamanti, capucapukārakampi ācamenti, ācamanasarāvakepi udakaṃ sesenti. Ye te bhikkhū appicchā…pe… te ujjhāyanti khiyyanti vipācenti – ‘‘kathañhi nāma chabbaggiyā bhikkhū atisahasāpi vaccakuṭiṃ pavisissanti, ubbhajitvāpi pavisissanti, nitthunantāpi vaccaṃ karissanti, dantakaṭṭhaṃ khādantāpi vaccaṃ karissanti, bahiddhāpi vaccadoṇikāya vaccaṃ karissanti, bahiddhāpi passāvadoṇikāya passāvaṃ karissanti, passāvadoṇikāyapi kheḷaṃ karissanti, pharusenapi kaṭṭhena avalekhissanti, avalekhanakaṭṭhampi vaccakūpamhi pātessanti, atisahasāpi nikkhamissanti, ubbhajitvāpi nikkhamissanti, capucapukārakampi ācamessanti, ācamanasarāvakepi udakaṃ sesessantī’’ti! Atha kho te bhikkhū bhagavato etamatthaṃ ārocesuṃ…pe… saccaṃ kira, bhikkhave…pe… saccaṃ bhagavāti…pe… vigarahitvā…pe… dhammiṃ kathaṃ katvā bhikkhū āmantesi –

尔时,六群比库过于匆忙地进入厕所,推挤着进入,吐痰着大便,嚼着齿木大便,在粪桶外大便,在尿桶外小便,在尿桶中吐痰,用粗木刮擦,将刮擦木扔入粪坑中,过于匆忙地出来,推挤着出来,发出啧啧声地漱口,在漱口碗中留下水。诸少欲比库……他们抱怨、非难、呵责:「六群比库怎能过于匆忙地进入厕所,推挤着进入,吐痰着大便,嚼着齿木大便,在粪桶外大便,在尿桶外小便,在尿桶中吐痰,用粗木刮擦,将刮擦木扔入粪坑中,过于匆忙地出来,推挤着出来,发出啧啧声地漱口,在漱口碗中留下水!」于是,诸比库将此事禀告世尊……「诸比库!真的……」「真实,世尊。」……呵责后……作如法语后,告诉诸比库:

§374

‘‘Tena hi, bhikkhave, bhikkhūnaṃ vaccakuṭivattaṃ paññapessāmi yathā bhikkhūhi vaccakuṭiyā sammā vattitabbaṃ. Yo vaccakuṭiṃ gacchati tena bahi ṭhitena ukkāsitabbaṃ. Anto nisinnenapi ukkāsitabbaṃ. Cīvaravaṃse vā cīvararajjuyā vā cīvaraṃ nikkhipitvā sādhukaṃ ataramānena vaccakuṭī pavisitabbā. Nātisahasā pavisitabbā. Na ubbhajitvā pavisitabbā. Vaccapādukāya ṭhitena ubbhajitabbaṃ. Na nitthunantena vacco kātabbo. Na dantakaṭṭhaṃ khādantena vacco kātabbo. Na bahiddhā vaccadoṇikāya vacco kātabbo. Na bahiddhā passāvadoṇikāya passāvo kātabbo. Na passāvadoṇikāya kheḷo kātabbo. Na pharusena kaṭṭhena avalekhitabbaṃ. Na avalekhanakaṭṭhaṃ vaccakūpamhi pātetabbaṃ. Vaccapādukāya ṭhitena paṭicchādetabbaṃ. Nātisahasā nikkhamitabbaṃ. Na ubbhajitvā nikkhamitabbaṃ. Ācamanapādukāya ṭhitena ubbhajitabbaṃ. Na capucapukārakaṃ ācametabbaṃ. Na ācamanasarāvake udakaṃ sesetabbaṃ. Ācamanapādukāya ṭhitena paṭicchādetabbaṃ.

「那么,诸比库,我将为诸比库制定厕所的行仪,诸比库应如何正确地在厕所行仪。前往厕所者应站在外面咳嗽。坐在里面者也应咳嗽。将衣放在衣架或衣绳上后,应善巧地、不急躁地进入厕所。不应太匆忙地进入。不应推门而入。应站在厕所鞋上推门。不应吐痰而大便。不应嚼齿木而大便。不应在大便器外大便。不应在小便器外小便。不应在小便器中吐痰。不应用粗糙的木棍刮拭。不应将刮拭木棍投入粪坑。应站在厕所鞋上盖上。不应太匆忙地出来。不应推门而出。应站在洗净鞋上推门。不应发出咕噜咕噜声地洗净。不应将水留在洗净盆中。应站在洗净鞋上盖上。」

‘‘Sace vaccakuṭi uhatā hoti, dhovitabbā. Sace avalekhanapidharo pūro hoti, avalekhanakaṭṭhaṃ chaḍḍetabbaṃ. Sace vaccakuṭi uklāpā hoti, vaccakuṭi sammajjitabbā. Sace paribhaṇḍaṃ uklāpaṃ hoti, paribhaṇḍaṃ sammajjitabbaṃ. Sace pariveṇaṃ uklāpaṃ hoti, pariveṇaṃ sammajjitabbaṃ . Sace koṭṭhako uklāpo hoti, koṭṭhako sammajjitabbo. Sace ācamanakumbhiyā udakaṃ na hoti, ācamanakumbhiyā udakaṃ āsiñcitabbaṃ . Idaṃ kho, bhikkhave, bhikkhūnaṃ vaccakuṭivattaṃ yathā bhikkhūhi vaccakuṭiyā sammā vattitabba’’nti.

「如果厕所被弄脏了,应清洗。如果刮拭木棍容器满了,应丢弃刮拭木棍。如果厕所肮脏,应打扫厕所。如果周围肮脏,应打扫周围。如果庭院肮脏,应打扫庭院。如果储藏室肮脏,应打扫储藏室。如果洗净水瓶中没有水,应在洗净水瓶中注入水。诸比库,这是诸比库的厕所行仪,诸比库应如何正确地在厕所行仪。」

11. Upajjhāyavattakathā11. 戒师行仪论

§375

Tena kho pana samayena saddhivihārikā upajjhāyesu na sammā vattanti. Ye te bhikkhū appicchā…pe… te ujjhāyanti khiyyanti vipācenti – ‘‘kathañhi nāma saddhivihārikā upajjhāyesu na sammā vattissantī’’ti! Atha kho te bhikkhū bhagavato etamatthaṃ ārocesuṃ…pe… ‘‘saccaṃ kira, bhikkhave, saddhivihārikā upajjhāyesu na sammā vattantī’’ti? ‘‘Saccaṃ bhagavā’’ti vigarahi buddho bhagavā…pe… ‘‘kathañhi nāma, bhikkhave, saddhivihārikā upajjhāyesu na sammā vattissanti! Netaṃ, bhikkhave, appasannānaṃ vā pasādāya…pe… vigarahitvā…pe… dhammiṃ kathaṃ katvā bhikkhū āmantesi –

尔时,弟子们对亲教师不正确地行仪。那些少欲的诸比库……他们抱怨、非难、呵责:「为何弟子们对亲教师不正确地行仪呢?」那时,那些比库们将此事禀告世尊……「诸比库,听说弟子们对亲教师不正确地行仪,是真的吗?」「世尊,是真的。」佛世尊呵责……「诸比库,为何弟子们对亲教师不正确地行仪呢!诸比库,这不能使未信者生信……」呵责后……作如法语后,告诉诸比库:」

§376

‘‘Tena hi, bhikkhave, saddhivihārikānaṃ upajjhāyesu vattaṃ paññapessāmi yathā saddhivihārikehi upajjhāyesu sammā vattitabbaṃ. Saddhivihārikena, bhikkhave, upajjhāyamhi sammā vattitabbaṃ. Tatrāyaṃ sammāvattanā –

「那么,诸比库,我将为弟子们制定对亲教师的行仪,弟子们应如何正确地对亲教师行仪。诸比库,弟子应对亲教师正确地行仪。此中,这是正确的行仪:」

‘‘Kālasseva uṭṭhāya upāhanā omuñcitvā ekaṃsaṃ uttarāsaṅgaṃ karitvā dantakaṭṭhaṃ dātabbaṃ, mukhodakaṃ dātabbaṃ, āsanaṃ paññapetabbaṃ. Sace yāgu hoti, bhājanaṃ dhovitvā yāgu upanāmetabbā. Yāguṃ pītassa udakaṃ datvā bhājanaṃ paṭiggahetvā nīcaṃ katvā sādhukaṃ appaṭighaṃsantena dhovitvā paṭisāmetabbaṃ. Upajjhāyamhi vuṭṭhite āsanaṃ uddharitabbaṃ. Sace so deso uklāpo hoti , so deso sammajjitabbo.

「应及时起床,脱下鞋,将上衣偏袒一肩,应给予齿木,应给予漱口水,应设置座位。如果有粥,应洗净钵后奉上粥。喝完粥后,应给予水,接过钵,放低,善巧地、不碰撞地洗净后收藏。亲教师起身后,应收起座位。如果那个地方肮脏,应打扫那个地方。」

‘‘Sace upajjhāyo gāmaṃ pavisitukāmo hoti, nivāsanaṃ dātabbaṃ, paṭinivāsanaṃ paṭiggahetabbaṃ, kāyabandhanaṃ dātabbaṃ, saguṇaṃ katvā saṅghāṭiyo dātabbā, dhovitvā patto sodako dātabbo. Sace upajjhāyo pacchāsamaṇaṃ ākaṅkhati, timaṇḍalaṃ paṭicchādentena parimaṇḍalaṃ nivāsetvā kāyabandhanaṃ bandhitvā saguṇaṃ katvā saṅghāṭiyo pārupitvā gaṇṭhikaṃ paṭimuñcitvā dhovitvā pattaṃ gahetvā upajjhāyassa pacchāsamaṇena hotabbaṃ. Nātidūre gantabbaṃ, nāccāsanne gantabbaṃ , pattapariyāpannaṃ paṭiggahetabbaṃ. Na upajjhāyassa bhaṇamānassa antarantarā kathā opātetabbā. Upajjhāyo āpattisāmantā bhaṇamāno nivāretabbo.

「如果亲教师想要进入村落,应给予下衣,应接过脱下的下衣,应给予腰带,应折好后给予桑喀帝,应洗净后给予湿润的钵。如果亲教师想要随从沙玛内拉,应遮盖三轮,周正地穿好下衣,系好腰带,折好后披上桑喀帝,解开结,洗净后拿着钵,应作为亲教师的随从沙玛内拉。不应走得太远,不应走得太近,应接过钵中的剩余物。不应在亲教师说话时中途打断话语。亲教师说话接近犯戒时应制止。」

‘‘Nivattantena paṭhamataraṃ āgantvā āsanaṃ paññapetabbaṃ, pādodakaṃ pādapīṭhaṃ pādakathalikaṃ upanikkhipitabbaṃ, paccuggantvā pattacīvaraṃ paṭiggahetabbaṃ, paṭinivāsanaṃ dātabbaṃ, nivāsanaṃ paṭiggahetabbaṃ. Sace cīvaraṃ sinnaṃ hoti, muhuttaṃ uṇhe otāpetabbaṃ, na ca uṇhe cīvaraṃ nidahitabbaṃ. Cīvaraṃ saṅgharitabbaṃ. Cīvaraṃ saṅgharantena caturaṅgulaṃ kaṇṇaṃ ussāretvā cīvaraṃ saṅgharitabbaṃ – mā majjhe bhaṅgo ahosīti. Obhoge kāyabandhanaṃ kātabbaṃ.

「返回时应先到,应设置座位,应放置脚水、脚凳、脚布,应迎上前去接过钵衣,应给予脱下的下衣,应接过下衣。如果衣湿了,应在阳光下晒一会儿,但不应将衣放在阳光下。应折叠衣。折叠衣时,应留出四指宽的边角折叠衣——愿中间不要有折痕。应将腰带放在折叠处。」

‘‘Sace piṇḍapāto hoti, upajjhāyo ca bhuñjitukāmo hoti, udakaṃ datvā piṇḍapāto upanāmetabbo. Upajjhāyo pānīyena pucchitabbo. Bhuttāvissa udakaṃ datvā pattaṃ paṭiggahetvā nīcaṃ katvā sādhukaṃ appaṭighaṃsantena dhovitvā vodakaṃ katvā muhuttaṃ uṇhe otāpetabbo. Na ca uṇhe patto nidahitabbo. Pattacīvaraṃ nikkhipitabbaṃ. Pattaṃ nikkhipantena ekena hatthena pattaṃ gahetvā ekena hatthena heṭṭhāmañcaṃ vā heṭṭhāpīṭhaṃ vā parāmasitvā patto nikkhipitabbo. Na ca anantarahitāya bhūmiyā patto nikkhipitabbo. Cīvaraṃ nikkhipantena ekena hatthena cīvaraṃ gahetvā ekena hatthena cīvaravaṃsaṃ vā cīvararajjuṃ vā pamajjitvā pārato antaṃ orato bhogaṃ katvā cīvaraṃ nikkhipitabbaṃ. Upajjhāyamhi vuṭṭhite āsanaṃ uddharitabbaṃ, pādodakaṃ pādapīṭhaṃ pādakathalikaṃ paṭisāmetabbaṃ. Sace so deso uklāpo hoti, so deso sammajjitabbo.

「如果有钵食,而亲教师想要食用,应给予水后奉上钵食。应以饮料问询亲教师。食毕后,应给予水,接过钵,放低,善巧地、不碰撞地洗净,使其干燥,在阳光下晒一会儿。但不应将钵放在阳光下。应收藏钵衣。收藏钵时,应一手拿钵,一手摸床下或凳下后放置钵。不应将钵放在无遮盖的地面上。收藏衣时,应一手拿衣,一手拂拭衣架或衣绳,将远端作为边,近端作为折叠处,收藏衣。亲教师起身后,应收起座位,应收藏脚水、脚凳、脚布。如果那个地方肮脏,应打扫那个地方。」

‘‘Sace upajjhāyo nahāyitukāmo hoti, nahānaṃ paṭiyādetabbaṃ. Sace sītena attho hoti, sītaṃ paṭiyādetabbaṃ. Sace uṇhena attho hoti, uṇhaṃ paṭiyādetabbaṃ.

「若戒师想要沐浴,应准备沐浴。若需要冷水,应准备冷水。若需要热水,应准备热水。

‘‘Sace upajjhāyo jantāgharaṃ pavisitukāmo hoti, cuṇṇaṃ sannetabbaṃ, mattikā temetabbā, jantāgharapīṭhaṃ ādāya upajjhāyassa piṭṭhito piṭṭhito gantvā jantāgharapīṭhaṃ datvā cīvaraṃ paṭiggahetvā ekamantaṃ nikkhipitabbaṃ, cuṇṇaṃ dātabbaṃ, mattikā dātabbā. Sace ussahati, jantāgharaṃ pavisitabbaṃ. Jantāgharaṃ pavisantena mattikāya mukhaṃ makkhetvā purato ca pacchato ca paṭicchādetvā jantāgharaṃ pavisitabbaṃ. Na there bhikkhū anupakhajja nisīditabbaṃ. Na navā bhikkhū āsanena paṭibāhitabbā. Jantāghare upajjhāyassa parikammaṃ kātabbaṃ. Jantāgharā nikkhamantena jantāgharapīṭhaṃ ādāya purato ca pacchato ca paṭicchādetvā jantāgharā nikkhamitabbaṃ.

「若戒师想要进入火房,应揉粉,应浸泥土,拿着火房凳跟随在戒师后面前往,给予火房凳后接过衣,放置一旁,应给予粉,应给予泥土。若能够,应进入火房。进入火房时,应以泥土涂抹面部,遮盖前后而进入火房。不应挤坐长老比库们。不应以座位阻挡新比库们。应在火房中为戒师作须跋。从火房出来时,应拿着火房凳,遮盖前后而从火房出来。

‘‘Udakepi upajjhāyassa parikammaṃ kātabbaṃ. Nahātena paṭhamataraṃ uttaritvā attano gattaṃ vodakaṃ katvā nivāsetvā upajjhāyassa gattato udakaṃ pamajjitabbaṃ, nivāsanaṃ dātabbaṃ, saṅghāṭi dātabbā, jantāgharapīṭhaṃ ādāya paṭhamataraṃ āgantvā āsanaṃ paññapetabbaṃ, pādodakaṃ pādapīṭhaṃ pādakathalikaṃ upanikkhipitabbaṃ. Upajjhāyo pānīyena pucchitabbo. Sace uddisāpetukāmo hoti, uddisitabbo. Sace paripucchitukāmo hoti, paripucchitabbo.

「在水中也应为戒师作须跋。沐浴后应先上来,擦干自己的身体后穿下衣,应为戒师擦去身上的水,应给予下衣,应给予桑喀帝,拿着火房凳先回来,应铺设座位,应放置脚水、脚凳、脚布。应以饮水问戒师。若想要背诵,应背诵。若想要问答,应问答。

‘‘Yasmiṃ vihāre upajjhāyo viharati, sace so vihāro uklāpo hoti, sace ussahati, sodhetabbo. Vihāraṃ sodhentena paṭhamaṃ pattacīvaraṃ nīharitvā ekamantaṃ nikkhipitabbaṃ; nisīdanapaccattharaṇaṃ nīharitvā ekamantaṃ nikkhipitabbaṃ; bhisibibbohanaṃ nīharitvā ekamantaṃ nikkhipitabbaṃ; mañco nīcaṃ katvā sādhukaṃ appaṭighaṃsantena , asaṅghaṭṭentena kavāṭapiṭṭhaṃ, nīharitvā ekamantaṃ nikkhipitabbo; pīṭhaṃ nīcaṃ katvā sādhukaṃ appaṭighaṃsantena, asaṅghaṭṭentena kavāṭapiṭṭhaṃ, nīharitvā ekamantaṃ nikkhipitabbaṃ; mañcapaṭipādakā nīharitvā ekamantaṃ nikkhipitabbā; kheḷamallako nīharitvā ekamantaṃ nikkhipitabbo; apassenaphalakaṃ nīharitvā ekamantaṃ nikkhipitabbaṃ; bhūmattharaṇaṃ yathāpaññattaṃ sallakkhetvā nīharitvā ekamantaṃ nikkhipitabbaṃ. Sace vihāre santānakaṃ hoti, ullokā paṭhamaṃ ohāretabbaṃ, ālokasandhikaṇṇabhāgā pamajjitabbā. Sace gerukaparikammakatā bhitti kaṇṇakitā hoti, coḷakaṃ temetvā pīḷetvā pamajjitabbā. Sace kāḷavaṇṇakatā bhūmi kaṇṇakitā hoti, coḷakaṃ temetvā pīḷetvā pamajjitabbā. Sace akatā hoti bhūmi, udakena paripphositvā pariphositvā sammajjitabbā – mā vihāro rajena uhaññīti. Saṅkāraṃ vicinitvā ekamantaṃ chaḍḍetabbaṃ.

「戒师所住的住处,若那住处肮脏,若能够,应清扫。清扫住处时,首先应取出钵与衣放置一旁;应取出坐垫与床单放置一旁;应取出枕头与褥子放置一旁;应放低床,善加地不摩擦、不碰撞门框而取出放置一旁;应放低椅,善加地不摩擦、不碰撞门框而取出放置一旁;应取出床脚放置一旁;应取出痰盂放置一旁;应取出靠板放置一旁;应观察地敷具如何铺设后取出放置一旁。若住处有蜘蛛网,应先从上面除去,应擦拭窗格与角落。若涂红土的墙壁肮脏,应浸湿布拧干后擦拭。若涂黑色的地面肮脏,应浸湿布拧干后擦拭。若地面未处理,应洒水后遍洒而清扫——『勿使住处被尘土覆盖』。应检查垃圾后丢弃一旁。

‘‘Bhūmattharaṇaṃ otāpetvā sodhetvā papphoṭetvā atiharitvā yathāpaññattaṃ paññapetabbaṃ. Mañcapaṭipādakā otāpetvā pamajjitvā atiharitvā yathāṭhāne ṭhapetabbā. Mañco otāpetvā sodhetvā papphoṭetvā nīcaṃ katvā sādhukaṃ appaṭighaṃsantena, asaṅghaṭṭentena kavāṭapiṭṭhaṃ, atiharitvā yathāpaññattaṃ paññapetabbo. Pīṭhaṃ otāpetvā sodhetvā papphoṭetvā nīcaṃ katvā sādhukaṃ appaṭighaṃsantena, asaṅghaṭṭentena kavāṭapiṭṭhaṃ, atiharitvā yathāpaññattaṃ paññapetabbaṃ. Bhisibibbohanaṃ otāpetvā sodhetvā papphoṭetvā atiharitvā yathāpaññattaṃ paññapetabbaṃ. Nisīdanapaccattharaṇaṃ otāpetvā sodhetvā papphoṭetvā atiharitvā yathāpaññattaṃ paññapetabbaṃ. Kheḷamallako otāpetvā pamajjitvā atiharitvā yathāṭhāne ṭhapetabbo. Apassenaphalakaṃ otāpetvā pamajjitvā atiharitvā yathāṭhāne ṭhapetabbaṃ. Pattacīvaraṃ nikkhipitabbaṃ. Pattaṃ nikkhipantena ekena hatthena pattaṃ gahetvā ekena hatthena heṭṭhāmañcaṃ vā heṭṭhāpīṭhaṃ vā parāmasitvā patto nikkhipitabbo. Na ca anantarahitāya bhūmiyā patto nikkhipitabbo. Cīvaraṃ nikkhipantena ekena hatthena cīvaraṃ gahetvā ekena hatthena cīvaravaṃsaṃ vā cīvararajjuṃ vā pamajjitvā pārato antaṃ orato bhogaṃ katvā cīvaraṃ nikkhipitabbaṃ.

「应晒地敷具,清洁后拍打,拿进来后如原样铺设。应晒床脚,擦拭后拿进来放置原处。应晒床,清洁后拍打,放低后善加地不摩擦、不碰撞门框而拿进来如原样铺设。应晒椅,清洁后拍打,放低后善加地不摩擦、不碰撞门框而拿进来如原样铺设。应晒枕头与褥子,清洁后拍打,拿进来后如原样铺设。应晒坐垫与床单,清洁后拍打,拿进来后如原样铺设。应晒痰盂,擦拭后拿进来放置原处。应晒靠板,擦拭后拿进来放置原处。应收藏钵与衣。收藏钵时,应以一手握钵,以一手摸床下或椅下而收藏钵。不应将钵收藏在无遮盖的地面上。收藏衣时,应以一手握衣,以一手擦拭衣架或衣绳,将远端作里、近端作外而收藏衣。

‘‘Sace puratthimā sarajā vātā vāyanti, puratthimā vātapānā thaketabbā. Sace pacchimā sarajā vātā vāyanti, pacchimā vātapānā thaketabbā. Sace uttarā sarajā vātā vāyanti, uttarā vātapānā thaketabbā. Sace dakkhiṇā sarajā vātā vāyanti, dakkhiṇā vātapānā thaketabbā. Sace sītakālo hoti, divā vātapānā vivaritabbā, rattiṃ thaketabbā. Sace uṇhakālo hoti, divā vātapānā thaketabbā, rattiṃ vivaritabbā.

「若东方有尘风吹来,应关闭东方的窗户。若西方有尘风吹来,应关闭西方的窗户。若北方有尘风吹来,应关闭北方的窗户。若南方有尘风吹来,应关闭南方的窗户。若是冷季,白天应打开窗户,夜晚应关闭。若是热季,白天应关闭窗户,夜晚应打开。

「若庭院肮脏,应清扫庭院。若储藏室肮脏,应清扫储藏室。若集会堂肮脏,应清扫集会堂。若火房肮脏,应清扫火房。若厕所肮脏,应清扫厕所。若无饮水,应准备饮水。若无净水,应准备净水。若漱口瓶中无水,应注入漱口瓶中水。

‘‘Sace upajjhāyassa anabhirati uppannā hoti, saddhivihārikena vūpakāsetabbo, vūpakāsāpetabbo, dhammakathā vāssa kātabbā. Sace upajjhāyassa kukkuccaṃ uppannaṃ hoti, saddhivihārikena vinodetabbaṃ, vinodāpetabbaṃ, dhammakathā vāssa kātabbā. Sace upajjhāyassa diṭṭhigataṃ uppannaṃ hoti, saddhivihārikena vivecetabbaṃ, vivecāpetabbaṃ, dhammakathā vāssa kātabbā. Sace upajjhāyo garudhammaṃ ajjhāpanno hoti parivāsāraho, saddhivihārikena ussukkaṃ kātabbaṃ – kinti nu kho saṅgho upajjhāyassa parivāsaṃ dadeyyāti. Sace upajjhāyo mūlāyapaṭikassanāraho hoti, saddhivihārikena ussukkaṃ kātabbaṃ – kinti nu kho saṅgho upajjhāyaṃ mūlāya paṭikasseyyāti. Sace upajjhāyo mānattāraho hoti, saddhivihārikena ussukkaṃ kātabbaṃ – kinti nu kho saṅgho upajjhāyassa mānattaṃ dadeyyāti. Sace upajjhāyo abbhānāraho hoti, saddhivihārikena ussukkaṃ kātabbaṃ – kinti nu kho saṅgho upajjhāyaṃ abbheyyāti. Sace saṅgho upajjhāyassa kammaṃ kattukāmo hoti, tajjanīyaṃ vā niyassaṃ vā pabbājanīyaṃ vā paṭisāraṇīyaṃ vā ukkhepanīyaṃ vā, saddhivihārikena ussukkaṃ kātabbaṃ – kinti nu kho saṅgho upajjhāyassa kammaṃ na kareyya, lahukāya vā pariṇāmeyyāti. Kataṃ vā panassa hoti saṅghena kammaṃ, tajjanīyaṃ vā niyassaṃ vā pabbājanīyaṃ vā paṭisāraṇīyaṃ vā ukkhepanīyaṃ vā, saddhivihārikena ussukkaṃ kātabbaṃ – kinti nu kho upajjhāyo sammā vatteyya, lomaṃ pāteyya, netthāraṃ vatteyya, saṅgho taṃ kammaṃ paṭippassambheyyāti.

「若戒师生起不满,弟子应使其远离,应使其被远离,或应为其说法。若戒师生起恶作,弟子应使其消除,应使其被消除,或应为其说法。若戒师生起邪见,弟子应使其分离,应使其被分离,或应为其说法。若戒师犯重罪应行别住,弟子应努力——『如何僧团能给予戒师别住』。若戒师应拉回退回原本,弟子应努力——『如何僧团能将戒师拉回退回原本』。若戒师应行僧悦,弟子应努力——『如何僧团能给予戒师僧悦』。若戒师应出罪,弟子应努力——『如何僧团能出戒师之罪』。若僧团想要对戒师作甘马,举罪或依止或驱摈或下意或举罪,弟子应努力——『如何僧团不对戒师作甘马,或转为轻微』。或若僧团已对其作甘马,举罪或依止或驱摈或下意或举罪,弟子应努力——『如何戒师能正行,能脱毛,能行乞恕,僧团能解除那甘马』。

‘‘Sace upajjhāyassa cīvaraṃ dhovitabbaṃ hoti , saddhivihārikena dhovitabbaṃ, ussukkaṃ vā kātabbaṃ – kinti nu kho upajjhāyassa cīvaraṃ dhoviyethāti. Sace upajjhāyassa cīvaraṃ kātabbaṃ hoti, saddhivihārikena kātabbaṃ, ussukkaṃ vā kātabbaṃ – kinti nu kho upajjhāyassa cīvaraṃ kariyethāti. Sace upajjhāyassa rajanā pacitabbā hoti, saddhivihārikena pacitabbā, ussukkaṃ vā kātabbaṃ – kinti nu kho upajjhāyassa rajanaṃ paciyethāti. Sace upajjhāyassa cīvaraṃ rajitabbaṃ hoti, saddhivihārikena rajitabbaṃ, ussukkaṃ vā kātabbaṃ – kinti nu kho upajjhāyassa cīvaraṃ rajiyethāti. Cīvaraṃ rajantena sādhukaṃ samparivattakaṃ samparivattakaṃ rajitabbaṃ, na ca acchinne theve pakkamitabbaṃ.

「若戒师的衣需要洗涤,共住弟子应洗涤,或应努力——『如何能洗涤戒师的衣呢?』。若戒师的衣需要制作,共住弟子应制作,或应努力——『如何能制作戒师的衣呢?』。若戒师的染料需要煮,共住弟子应煮,或应努力——『如何能煮戒师的染料呢?』。若戒师的衣需要染,共住弟子应染,或应努力——『如何能染戒师的衣呢?』。染衣时应善加反复翻转地染,不应在线未干时离去。」

‘‘Na upajjhāyaṃ anāpucchā ekaccassa patto dātabbo, na ekaccassa patto paṭiggahetabbo; na ekaccassa cīvaraṃ dātabbaṃ, na ekaccassa cīvaraṃ paṭiggahetabbaṃ; na ekaccassa parikkhāro dātabbo, na ekaccassa parikkhāro paṭiggahetabbo; na ekaccassa kesā chedetabbā , na ekaccena kesā chedāpetabbā; na ekaccassa parikammaṃ kātabbaṃ, na ekaccena parikammaṃ kārāpetabbaṃ; na ekaccassa veyyāvacco kātabbo, na ekaccena veyyāvacco kārāpetabbo; na ekaccassa pacchāsamaṇena hotabbaṃ, na ekacco pacchāsamaṇo ādātabbo; na ekaccassa piṇḍapāto nīharitabbo, na ekaccena piṇḍapāto nīharāpetabbo; na upajjhāyaṃ anāpucchā gāmo pavisitabbo; na susānaṃ gantabbaṃ; na disā pakkamitabbā. Sace upajjhāyo gilāno hoti, yāvajīvaṃ upaṭṭhātabbo , vuṭṭhānamassa āgametabbaṃ. Idaṃ kho, bhikkhave, saddhivihārikānaṃ upajjhāyesu vattaṃ yathā saddhivihārikehi upajjhāyesu sammā vattitabba’’nti.

「不问戒师,不应给某人钵,不应从某人接受钵;不应给某人衣,不应从某人接受衣;不应给某人用具,不应从某人接受用具;不应为某人剃发,不应令某人剃发;不应为某人作服侍,不应令某人作服侍;不应为某人作须跋,不应令某人作须跋;不应作某人的后随沙玛内拉,不应带某人作后随沙玛内拉;不应为某人带出钵食,不应令某人带出钵食;不问戒师,不应进入村落;不应去墓地;不应离去某方。若戒师病了,应尽形寿看护,应等待他康复。诸比库,这是共住弟子对戒师的义务,共住弟子应如此对戒师正确地行持。」

12. Saddhivihārikavattakathā12. 弟子行仪论

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Tena kho pana samayena upajjhāyā saddhivihārikesu na sammā vattanti. Ye te bhikkhū appicchā…pe… te ujjhāyanti khiyyanti vipācenti – ‘‘kathañhi nāma upajjhāyā saddhivihārikesu na sammā vattissantī’’ti! Atha kho te bhikkhū bhagavato etamatthaṃ ārocesuṃ…pe… ‘‘saccaṃ kira, bhikkhave, upajjhāyā saddhivihārikesu na sammā vattantī’’ti? ‘‘Saccaṃ bhagavā’’ti…pe… vigarahitvā…pe… dhammiṃ kathaṃ katvā bhikkhū āmantesi –

尔时,诸戒师对共住弟子不正确地行持。诸少欲比库……他们抱怨、呵责、非难:「为何诸戒师对共住弟子不正确地行持呢?」于是,诸比库将此事禀告世尊……「诸比库,诸戒师对共住弟子不正确地行持,是真实的吗?」「是真实的,世尊。」……呵责后……作法谈后,告诉诸比库:」

§378

‘‘Tena hi, bhikkhave, upajjhāyānaṃ saddhivihārikesu vattaṃ paññapessāmi yathā upajjhāyehi saddhivihārikesu sammā vattitabbaṃ. Upajjhāyena, bhikkhave, saddhivihārikamhi sammā vattitabbaṃ . Tatrāyaṃ sammāvattanā –

「诸比库,那么,我将制定诸戒师对共住弟子的义务,诸戒师应如此对共住弟子正确地行持。诸比库,戒师应对共住弟子正确地行持。于此,这是正确的行持——」

‘‘Upajjhāyena, bhikkhave, saddhivihāriko saṅgahetabbo anuggahetabbo uddesena paripucchāya ovādena anusāsaniyā. Sace upajjhāyassa patto hoti, saddhivihārikassa patto na hoti, upajjhāyena saddhivihārikassa patto dātabbo, ussukkaṃ vā kātabbaṃ – kinti nu kho saddhivihārikassa patto uppajjiyethāti. Sace upajjhāyassa cīvaraṃ hoti, saddhivihārikassa cīvaraṃ na hoti, upajjhāyena saddhivihārikassa cīvaraṃ dātabbaṃ, ussukkaṃ vā kātabbaṃ – kinti nu kho saddhivihārikassa cīvaraṃ uppajjiyethāti. Sace upajjhāyassa parikkhāro hoti, saddhivihārikassa parikkhāro na hoti, upajjhāyena saddhivihārikassa parikkhāro dātabbo, ussukkaṃ vā kātabbaṃ – kinti nu kho saddhivihārikassa parikkhāro uppajjiyethāti.

「诸比库,戒师应摄受、随摄受共住弟子,以背诵、以询问、以教诫、以教导。若戒师有钵,共住弟子无钵,戒师应给共住弟子钵,或应努力——『如何能为共住弟子获得钵呢?』。若戒师有衣,共住弟子无衣,戒师应给共住弟子衣,或应努力——『如何能为共住弟子获得衣呢?』。若戒师有用具,共住弟子无用具,戒师应给共住弟子用具,或应努力——『如何能为共住弟子获得用具呢?』。」

‘‘Sace saddhivihāriko gilāno hoti, kālasseva uṭṭhāya dantakaṭṭhaṃ dātabbaṃ, mukhodakaṃ dātabbaṃ, āsanaṃ paññapetabbaṃ. Sace yāgu hoti, bhājanaṃ dhovitvā yāgu upanāmetabbā. Yāguṃ pītassa udakaṃ datvā bhājanaṃ paṭiggahetvā nīcaṃ katvā sādhukaṃ appaṭighaṃsantena dhovitvā paṭisāmetabbaṃ. Saddhivihārikamhi vuṭṭhite āsanaṃ uddharitabbaṃ. Sace so deso uklāpo hoti, so deso sammajjitabbo.

「若共住弟子病了,应及时起来给齿木,给漱口水,应准备座位。若有粥,应洗净容器后送上粥。饮粥后,应给水,接过容器,放低后善加不碰撞地洗净后收藏。共住弟子起来后,应收起座位。若那个地方肮脏,应打扫那个地方。」

‘‘Sace saddhivihāriko gāmaṃ pavisitukāmo hoti, nivāsanaṃ dātabbaṃ, paṭinivāsanaṃ paṭiggahetabbaṃ , kāyabandhanaṃ dātabbaṃ, saguṇaṃ katvā saṅghāṭiyo dātabbā , dhovitvā patto sodako dātabbo.

「若共住弟子想要进入村落,应给下衣,应接受内衣,应给腰带,应折叠后给桑喀帝,应洗净后给湿润的钵。」

‘‘Ettāvatā nivattissatīti āsanaṃ paññapetabbaṃ, pādodakaṃ pādapīṭhaṃ pādakathalikaṃ upanikkhipitabbaṃ, paccuggantvā pattacīvaraṃ paṭiggahetabbaṃ, paṭinivāsanaṃ dātabbaṃ, nivāsanaṃ paṭiggahetabbaṃ. Sace cīvaraṃ sinnaṃ hoti, muhuttaṃ uṇhe otāpetabbaṃ, na ca uṇhe cīvaraṃ nidahitabbaṃ. Cīvaraṃ saṅgharitabbaṃ. Cīvaraṃ saṅgharantena caturaṅgulaṃ kaṇṇaṃ ussāretvā cīvaraṃ saṅgharitabbaṃ – mā majjhe bhaṅgo ahosīti. Obhoge kāyabandhanaṃ kātabbaṃ.

「应准备座位以便『到此时将返回』,应放置洗足水、足台、足布,应迎接并接受钵衣,应给内衣,应接受下衣。若衣湿了,应在热处晒一会儿,但不应在热处放置衣。应折叠衣。折叠衣时,应留出四指宽的边角折叠衣——『愿中间不要有折痕』。应将腰带放在折叠处。」

‘‘Sace piṇḍapāto hoti, saddhivihāriko ca bhuñjitukāmo hoti, udakaṃ datvā piṇḍapāto upanāmetabbo. Saddhivihāriko pānīyena pucchitabbo. Bhuttāvissa udakaṃ datvā pattaṃ paṭiggahetvā nīcaṃ katvā sādhukaṃ appaṭighaṃsantena dhovitvā vodakaṃ katvā muhuttaṃ uṇhe otāpetabbo, na ca uṇhe patto nidahitabbo. Pattacīvaraṃ nikkhipitabbaṃ. Pattaṃ nikkhipantena ekena hatthena pattaṃ gahetvā ekena hatthena heṭṭhāmañcaṃ vā heṭṭhāpīṭhaṃ vā parāmasitvā patto nikkhipitabbo. Na ca anantarahitāya bhūmiyā patto nikkhipitabbo. Cīvaraṃ nikkhipantena ekena hatthena cīvaraṃ gahetvā ekena hatthena cīvaravaṃsaṃ vā cīvararajjuṃ vā pamajjitvā pārato antaṃ orato bhogaṃ katvā cīvaraṃ nikkhipitabbaṃ. Saddhivihārikamhi vuṭṭhite āsanaṃ uddharitabbaṃ, pādodakaṃ pādapīṭhaṃ pādakathalikaṃ paṭisāmetabbaṃ. Sace so deso uklāpo hoti, so deso sammajjitabbo .

「若有钵食,同住弟子想要食用,应给水后奉上钵食。应以饮用水问同住弟子。他食毕后,应给水、接过钵,放低后善加不碰撞地洗净,去水后在热处晒一会儿,但不应在热处放置钵。应收藏钵与衣。收藏钵时,应以一手持钵,以一手摸床下或椅下后放置钵。不应将钵放置在无遮盖的地上。收藏衣时,应以一手持衣,以一手拂拭衣架或衣绳后,将外边作边、里边作折后收藏衣。同住弟子起身后,应收起座位,应收拾足水、足台、足布。若该处污秽,应打扫该处。」

‘‘Sace saddhivihāriko nahāyitukāmo hoti, nahānaṃ paṭiyādetabbaṃ. Sace sītena attho hoti, sītaṃ paṭiyādetabbaṃ. Sace uṇhena attho hoti, uṇhaṃ paṭiyādetabbaṃ.

「若同住弟子想要洗浴,应准备洗浴。若需要冷水,应准备冷水。若需要热水,应准备热水。」

‘‘Sace saddhivihāriko jantāgharaṃ pavisitukāmo hoti, cuṇṇaṃ sannetabbaṃ, mattikā temetabbā, jantāgharapīṭhaṃ ādāya gantvā jantāgharapīṭhaṃ datvā cīvaraṃ paṭiggahetvā ekamantaṃ nikkhipitabbaṃ, cuṇṇaṃ dātabbaṃ, mattikā dātabbā. Sace ussahati jantāgharaṃ pavisitabbaṃ. Jantāgharaṃ pavisantena mattikāya mukhaṃ makkhetvā purato ca pacchato ca paṭicchādetvā jantāgharaṃ pavisitabbaṃ. Na there bhikkhū anupakhajja nisīditabbaṃ, na navā bhikkhū āsanena paṭibāhitabbā. Jantāghare saddhivihārikassa parikammaṃ kātabbaṃ. Jantāgharā nikkhamantena jantāgharapīṭhaṃ ādāya purato ca pacchato ca paṭicchādetvā jantāgharā nikkhamitabbaṃ.

「若同住弟子想要进入火房,应和粉、应浸泥土,拿着火房凳前往后,应给火房凳、接过衣后放置一旁,应给粉,应给泥土。若能够,应进入火房。进入火房时,应以泥土涂面,前后遮护后进入火房。不应挤坐长老比库,不应以座位阻挡新比库。应在火房为同住弟子作服务。从火房出来时,应拿着火房凳,前后遮护后从火房出来。」

‘‘Udakepi saddhivihārikassa parikammaṃ kātabbaṃ. Nahātena paṭhamataraṃ uttaritvā attano gattaṃ vodakaṃ katvā nivāsetvā saddhivihārikassa gattato udakaṃ pamajjitabbaṃ, nivāsanaṃ dātabbaṃ, saṅghāṭi dātabbā, jantāgharapīṭhaṃ ādāya paṭhamataraṃ āgantvā āsanaṃ paññapetabbaṃ, pādodakaṃ pādapīṭhaṃ pādakathalikaṃ upanikkhipitabbaṃ. Saddhivihāriko pānīyena pucchitabbo.

「在水中也应为同住弟子作服务。洗浴后应先上来,去自己身体的水后着下衣,应拭去同住弟子身体的水,应给下衣,应给桑喀帝,拿着火房凳先回来后,应设座位,应放置足水、足台、足布。应以饮用水问同住弟子。」

‘‘Yasmiṃ vihāre saddhivihāriko viharati, sace so vihāro uklāpo hoti, sace ussahati, sodhetabbo. Vihāraṃ sodhentena paṭhamaṃ pattacīvaraṃ nīharitvā ekamantaṃ nikkhipitabbaṃ…pe… sace ācamanakumbhiyā udakaṃ na hoti, ācamanakumbhiyā udakaṃ āsiñcitabbaṃ.

「在同住弟子所住的住处,若该住处污秽,若能够,应打扫。打扫住处时,首先应取出钵与衣后放置一旁……乃至……若澡罐中无水,应注水入澡罐。」

‘‘Sace saddhivihārikassa anabhirati uppannā hoti, upajjhāyena vūpakāsetabbo, vūpakāsāpetabbo, dhammakathā vāssa kātabbā. Sace saddhivihārikassa kukkuccaṃ uppannaṃ hoti, upajjhāyena vinodetabbaṃ, vinodāpetabbaṃ, dhammakathā vāssa kātabbā. Sace saddhivihārikassa diṭṭhigataṃ uppannaṃ hoti, upajjhāyena vivecetabbaṃ, vivecāpetabbaṃ, dhammakathā vāssa kātabbā. Sace saddhivihāriko garudhammaṃ ajjhāpanno hoti parivāsāraho, upajjhāyena ussukkaṃ kātabbaṃ – kinti nu kho saṅgho saddhivihārikassa parivāsaṃ dadeyyāti. Sace saddhivihāriko mūlāyapaṭikassanāraho hoti, upajjhāyena ussukkaṃ kātabbaṃ – kinti nu kho saṅgho saddhivihārikaṃ mūlāya paṭikasseyyāti. Sace saddhivihāriko mānattāraho hoti, upajjhāyena ussukkaṃ kātabbaṃ – kinti nu kho saṅgho saddhivihārikassa mānattaṃ dadeyyāti. Sace saddhivihāriko abbhānāraho hoti, upajjhāyena ussukkaṃ kātabbaṃ – kinti nu kho saṅgho saddhivihārikaṃ abbheyyāti. Sace saṅgho saddhivihārikassa kammaṃ kattukāmo hoti, tajjanīyaṃ vā niyassaṃ vā pabbājanīyaṃ vā paṭisāraṇīyaṃ vā ukkhepanīyaṃ vā, upajjhāyena ussukkaṃ kātabbaṃ – kinti nu kho saṅgho saddhivihārikassa kammaṃ na kareyya, lahukāya vā pariṇāmeyyāti. Kataṃ vā panassa hoti saṅghena kammaṃ, tajjanīyaṃ vā niyassaṃ vā pabbājanīyaṃ vā paṭisāraṇīyaṃ vā, ukkhepanīyaṃ vā, upajjhāyena ussukkaṃ kātabbaṃ – kinti nu kho saddhivihāriko sammā vatteyya lomaṃ pāteyya, netthāraṃ vatteyya, saṅgho taṃ kammaṃ paṭippassambheyyāti.

「若同住弟子生起不乐,戒师应使他远离,应使他被远离,或应为他说法。若同住弟子生起恶作,戒师应使他除去,应使他被除去,或应为他说法。若同住弟子生起邪见,戒师应使他分离,应使他被分离,或应为他说法。若同住弟子犯重法,应别住,戒师应努力:『僧团如何能给同住弟子别住呢?』若同住弟子应退回原本,戒师应努力:『僧团如何能使同住弟子回到本日呢?』若同住弟子应僧悦,戒师应努力:『僧团如何能给同住弟子僧悦呢?』若同住弟子应出罪,戒师应努力:『僧团如何能出同住弟子的罪呢?』若僧团想要对同住弟子作甘马,举罪或依止或驱出或下意或举罪,戒师应努力:『僧团如何能不对同住弟子作甘马,或转为轻呢?』或者僧团已对他作甘马,举罪或依止或驱出或下意或举罪,戒师应努力:『同住弟子如何能正行、落发、行顺从,僧团能解除那甘马呢?』」

‘‘Sace saddhivihārikassa cīvaraṃ dhovitabbaṃ hoti, upajjhāyena ācikkhitabbaṃ – evaṃ dhoveyyāsīti, ussukkaṃ vā kātabbaṃ – kinti nu kho saddhivihārikassa cīvaraṃ dhoviyethāti. Sace saddhivihārikassa cīvaraṃ kātabbaṃ hoti, upajjhāyena ācikkhitabbaṃ – evaṃ kareyyāsīti, ussukkaṃ vā kātabbaṃ – kinti nu kho saddhivihārikassa cīvaraṃ kariyethāti. Sace saddhivihārikassa rajanaṃ pacitabbaṃ hoti, upajjhāyena ācikkhitabbaṃ – evaṃ paceyyāsīti, ussukkaṃ vā kātabbaṃ – kinti nu kho saddhivihārikassa rajanaṃ paciyethāti. Sace saddhivihārikassa cīvaraṃ rajitabbaṃ hoti, upajjhāyena ācikkhitabbaṃ – evaṃ rajeyyāsīti, ussukkaṃ vā kātabbaṃ – kinti nu kho saddhivihārikassa cīvaraṃ rajiyethāti. Cīvaraṃ rajantena sādhukaṃ samparivattakaṃ samparivattakaṃ rajitabbaṃ, na ca acchinne theve pakkamitabbaṃ. Sace saddhivihāriko gilāno hoti, yāvajīvaṃ upaṭṭhātabbo, vuṭṭhānamassa āgametabbaṃ. Idaṃ kho, bhikkhave , upajjhāyānaṃ saddhivihārikesu vattaṃ yathā upajjhāyehi saddhivihārikesu sammā vattitabba’’nti.

「若同住弟子的衣应洗,戒师应教导:『你应如此洗』,或应努力:『同住弟子的衣如何能被洗呢?』若同住弟子的衣应作,戒师应教导:『你应如此作』,或应努力:『同住弟子的衣如何能被作呢?』若同住弟子的染料应煮,戒师应教导:『你应如此煮』,或应努力:『同住弟子的染料如何能被煮呢?』若同住弟子的衣应染,戒师应教导:『你应如此染』,或应努力:『同住弟子的衣如何能被染呢?』染衣时,应善加反复翻转地染,不应在线未干时离去。若同住弟子病,应尽形寿看护,应等待他痊愈。诸比库,这是戒师对弟子的义务,戒师应如此对弟子正行。」

Dutiyabhāṇavāro niṭṭhito. · 第二诵品完

13. Ācariyavattakathā13. 老师行仪论

§379

Tena kho pana samayena antevāsikā ācariyesu na sammā vattanti. Ye te bhikkhū appicchā…pe… te ujjhāyanti khiyyanti vipācenti – ‘‘kathañhi nāma antevāsikā ācariyesu na sammā vattissantī’’ti! Atha kho te bhikkhū bhagavato etamatthaṃ ārocesuṃ…pe… ‘‘saccaṃ kira, bhikkhave, antevāsikā ācariyesu na sammā vattantī’’ti? ‘‘Saccaṃ bhagavā’’ti…pe… vigarahitvā…pe… dhammiṃ kathaṃ katvā bhikkhū āmantesi –

尔时,弟子对戒师不正行。诸少欲比库……乃至……他们抱怨、呵责、非难:『怎么弟子对戒师不正行呢!』那时,诸比库向世尊报告此事……乃至……『诸比库,真的弟子对戒师不正行吗?』『真实,世尊』……乃至……呵责后……乃至……说法后,告诸比库──」

§380

‘‘Tena hi, bhikkhave, antevāsikānaṃ ācariyesu vattaṃ paññapessāmi yathā antevāsikehi ācariyesu sammā vattitabbaṃ. Antevāsikena, bhikkhave, ācariyamhi sammā vattitabbaṃ. Tatrāyaṃ sammāvattanā –

「那么,比库们,我将制定弟子对老师的义务,弟子应如何对老师正确行事。比库们,弟子应对老师正确行事。于此,这是正确行事——

‘‘Kālasseva uṭṭhāya upāhanā omuñcitvā ekaṃsaṃ uttarāsaṅgaṃ karitvā dantakaṭṭhaṃ dātabbaṃ, mukhodakaṃ dātabbaṃ, āsanaṃ paññapetabbaṃ. Sace yāgu hoti, bhājanaṃ dhovitvā yāgu upanāmetabbā. Yāguṃ pītassa udakaṃ datvā bhājanaṃ paṭiggahetvā nīcaṃ katvā sādhukaṃ appaṭighaṃsantena dhovitvā paṭisāmetabbaṃ. Ācariyamhi vuṭṭhite āsanaṃ uddharitabbaṃ. Sace so deso uklāpo hoti, so deso sammajjitabbo.

「应及时起床,脱去鞋履,将上衣偏袒一肩,应给予齿木,应给予漱口水,应设座位。若有粥,应洗净钵后奉上粥。当饮粥者,应给予水,接过钵,放低,善加不碰撞地洗净后收藏。当老师起身时,应收起座位。若该处肮脏,应打扫该处。」

‘‘Sace ācariyo gāmaṃ pavisitukāmo hoti, nivāsanaṃ dātabbaṃ, paṭinivāsanaṃ paṭiggahetabbaṃ, kāyabandhanaṃ dātabbaṃ, saguṇaṃ katvā saṅghāṭiyo dātabbā, dhovitvā patto sodako dātabbo. Sace ācariyo pacchāsamaṇaṃ ākaṅkhati, timaṇḍalaṃ paṭicchādentena parimaṇḍalaṃ nivāsetvā kāyabandhanaṃ bandhitvā saguṇaṃ katvā saṅghāṭiyo pārupitvā gaṇṭhikaṃ paṭimuñcitvā dhovitvā pattaṃ gahetvā ācariyassa pacchāsamaṇena hotabbaṃ. Nātidūre gantabbaṃ, nāccāsanne gantabbaṃ, pattapariyāpannaṃ paṭiggahetabbaṃ. Na ācariyassa bhaṇamānassa antarantarā kathā opātetabbā. Ācariyo āpattisāmantā bhaṇamāno nivāretabbo.

「若老师欲入村,应给予下衣,应接过所脱下衣,应给予腰带,应折叠后给予桑喀帝,应洗净钵后给予湿钵。若老师希望有随从沙门,应遮盖三轮,周正地着下衣,系腰带,折叠后披上桑喀帝,解开结,洗净后持钵,应作老师的随从沙门。不应走得太远,不应走得太近,应接过钵中所受之物。不应在老师说话时中途插话。当老师说话接近犯戒时,应制止。」

「返回时应先到,应设座位,应放置脚水、脚凳、脚布,应迎上前去接过钵与衣,应给予所脱下衣,应接过下衣。若衣湿,应在阳光下晒片刻,但不应将衣放在阳光下。应折叠衣。折叠衣时,应留出四指宽的边角折叠衣——勿使中间有折痕。应将腰带放在折叠处。」

‘‘Sace piṇḍapāto hoti, ācariyo ca bhuñjitukāmo hoti, udakaṃ datvā piṇḍapāto upanāmetabbo. Ācariyo pānīyena pucchitabbo . Bhuttāvissa udakaṃ datvā pattaṃ paṭiggahetvā nīcaṃ katvā sādhukaṃ appaṭighaṃsantena dhovitvā vodakaṃ katvā muhuttaṃ uṇhe otāpetabbo, na ca uṇhe patto nidahitabbo. Pattacīvaraṃ nikkhipitabbaṃ. Pattaṃ nikkhipantena ekena hatthena pattaṃ gahetvā ekena hatthena heṭṭhāmañcaṃ vā heṭṭhāpīṭhaṃ vā parāmasitvā patto nikkhipitabbo. Na ca anantarahitāya bhūmiyā patto nikkhipitabbo. Cīvaraṃ nikkhipantena ekena hatthena cīvaraṃ gahetvā ekena hatthena cīvaravaṃsaṃ vā cīvararajjuṃ vā pamajitvā pārato antaṃ orato bhogaṃ katvā cīvaraṃ nikkhipitabbaṃ. Ācariyamhi vuṭṭhite āsanaṃ uddharitabbaṃ, pādodakaṃ pādapīṭhaṃ pādakathalikaṃ paṭisāmetabbaṃ. Sace so deso uklāpo hoti, so deso sammajjitabbo.

「若有钵食,且老师欲食,应给予水后奉上钵食。应以饮料问老师。当食毕,应给予水,接过钵,放低,善加不碰撞地洗净,去水后在阳光下晒片刻,但不应将钵放在阳光下。应收藏钵与衣。收藏钵时,应一手持钵,一手摸床下或凳下后放置钵。不应将钵放在无遮盖的地上。收藏衣时,应一手持衣,一手拂拭衣架或衣绳后,将远端朝外、折叠处朝内放置衣。当老师起身时,应收起座位,应收藏脚水、脚凳、脚布。若该处肮脏,应打扫该处。」

‘‘Sace ācariyo nahāyitukāmo hoti, nahānaṃ paṭiyādetabbaṃ. Sace sītena attho hoti, sītaṃ paṭiyādetabbaṃ. Sace uṇhena attho hoti, uṇhaṃ paṭiyādetabbaṃ.

「若老师欲沐浴,应准备沐浴。若需要冷水,应准备冷水。若需要热水,应准备热水。」

‘‘Sace ācariyo jantāgharaṃ pavisitukāmo hoti, cuṇṇaṃ sannetabbaṃ, mattikā temetabbā, jantāgharapīṭhaṃ ādāya ācariyassa piṭṭhito piṭṭhito gantvā jantāgharapīṭhaṃ datvā cīvaraṃ paṭiggahetvā ekamantaṃ nikkhipitabbaṃ, cuṇṇaṃ dātabbaṃ, mattikā dātabbā. Sace ussahati, jantāgharaṃ pavisitabbaṃ. Jantāgharaṃ pavisantena mattikāya mukhaṃ makkhetvā purato ca pacchato ca paṭicchādetvā jantāgharaṃ pavisitabbaṃ. Na there bhikkhū anupakhajja nisīditabbaṃ. Na navā bhikkhū āsanena paṭibāhitabbā. Jantāghare ācariyassa parikammaṃ kātabbaṃ. Jantāgharā nikkhamantena jantāgharapīṭhaṃ ādāya purato ca pacchato ca paṭicchādetvā jantāgharā nikkhamitabbaṃ.

「若老师欲入浴室,应揉粉,应浸湿泥土,拿着浴室凳跟随老师后面前往,给予浴室凳,接过衣后放在一旁,应给予粉,应给予泥土。若能够,应进入浴室。进入浴室时,应以泥土涂面,前后遮盖后进入浴室。不应挤坐长老比库。不应以座位阻挡新比库。应在浴室中为老师服务。从浴室出来时,应拿着浴室凳,前后遮盖后从浴室出来。」

‘‘Udakepi ācariyassa parikammaṃ kātabbaṃ. Nahātena paṭhamataraṃ uttaritvā attano gattaṃ vodakaṃ katvā nivāsetvā ācariyassa gattato udakaṃ pamajjitabbaṃ, nivāsanaṃ dātabbaṃ, saṅghāṭi dātabbā, jantāgharapīṭhaṃ ādāya paṭhamataraṃ āgantvā āsanaṃ paññapetabbaṃ, pādodakaṃ pādapīṭhaṃ pādakathalikaṃ upanikkhipitabbaṃ. Ācariyo pānīyena pucchitabbo. Sace uddisāpetukāmo hoti, uddisitabbo. Sace paripucchitukāmo hoti, paripucchitabbo.

「在水中也应为老师服务。沐浴后应先上岸,拭干自己的身体,着下衣,应为老师拭去身上的水,应给予下衣,应给予桑喀帝,拿着浴室凳先回来,应设座位,应放置脚水、脚凳、脚布。应以饮料问老师。若欲令诵,应诵。若欲令问,应问。」

‘‘Yasmiṃ vihāre ācariyo viharati, sace so vihāro uklāpo hoti, sace ussahati, sodhetabbo. Vihāraṃ sodhentena paṭhamaṃ pattacīvaraṃ nīharitvā ekamantaṃ nikkhipitabbaṃ; nisīdanapaccattharaṇaṃ nīharitvā ekamantaṃ nikkhipitabbaṃ; bhisibibbohanaṃ nīharitvā ekamantaṃ nikkhipitabbaṃ; mañco nīcaṃ katvā sādhukaṃ appaṭighaṃsantena asaṅghaṭṭentena kavāṭapiṭṭhaṃ, nīharitvā ekamantaṃ nikkhipitabbo; pīṭhaṃ nīcaṃ katvā sādhukaṃ appaṭighaṃsantena, asaṅghaṭṭentena kavāṭapiṭṭhaṃ, nīharitvā ekamantaṃ nikkhipitabbaṃ; mañcapaṭipādakā nīharitvā ekamantaṃ nikkhipitabbā; kheḷamallako nīharitvā ekamantaṃ nikkhipitabbo; apassenaphalakaṃ nīharitvā ekamantaṃ nikkhipitabbaṃ; bhūmattharaṇaṃ yathāpaññattaṃ sallakkhetvā nīharitvā ekamantaṃ nikkhipitabbaṃ. Sace vihāre santānakaṃ hoti, ullokā paṭhamaṃ ohāretabbaṃ, ālokasandhikaṇṇabhāgā pamajjitabbā. Sace gerukaparikammakatā bhitti kaṇṇakitā hoti, coḷakaṃ temetvā pīḷetvā pamajjitabbā. Sace kāḷavaṇṇakatā bhūmi kaṇṇakitā hoti, coḷakaṃ temetvā pīḷetvā pamajjitabbā. Sace akatā hoti bhūmi, udakena paripphositvā pariphositvā sammajjitabbā – mā vihāro rajena uhaññīti. Saṅkāraṃ vicinitvā ekamantaṃ chaḍḍetabbaṃ.

「在阿吉利亚住的住所,如果那住所肮脏,如果能够,应该打扫。打扫住所者,首先应该拿出钵与衣,放置在一边;应该拿出坐卧具,放置在一边;应该拿出床褥,放置在一边;应该将床放低,善加地不刮擦、不碰撞门框,拿出,放置在一边;应该将椅子放低,善加地不刮擦、不碰撞门框,拿出,放置在一边;应该拿出床脚支撑物,放置在一边;应该拿出痰盂,放置在一边;应该拿出靠板,放置在一边;应该观察地敷具如何铺设后,拿出,放置在一边。如果住所有蜘蛛网,首先应该从上面除去,应该擦拭窗户的角落部分。如果涂红土的墙壁肮脏,应该将布浸湿、拧干后擦拭。如果涂黑色的地面肮脏,应该将布浸湿、拧干后擦拭。如果地面未处理,应该洒水、遍洒后打扫——『愿住所不被尘土污染』。应该检查垃圾,丢弃在一边。

「应该晒地敷具、清洁、拍打、拿进来,如其所铺设而铺设。应该晒床脚支撑物、擦拭、拿进来,放置在原处。应该晒床、清洁、拍打,放低,善加地不刮擦、不碰撞门框,拿进来,如其所铺设而铺设。应该晒椅子、清洁、拍打,放低,善加地不刮擦、不碰撞门框,拿进来,如其所铺设而铺设。应该晒床褥、清洁、拍打、拿进来,如其所铺设而铺设。应该晒坐卧具、清洁、拍打、拿进来,如其所铺设而铺设。应该晒痰盂、擦拭、拿进来,放置在原处。应该晒靠板、擦拭、拿进来,放置在原处。应该放置钵与衣。放置钵者,应该以一手拿钵,以一手摸床下或椅子下后放置钵。不应该将钵放置在无遮蔽的地面上。放置衣者,应该以一手拿衣,以一手擦拭衣架或衣绳后,将远端朝外、折叠处朝内而放置衣。

‘‘Sace puratthimā sarajā vātā vāyanti, puratthimā vātapānā thaketabbā. Sace pacchimā sarajā vātā vāyanti, pacchimā vātapānā thaketabbā. Sace uttarā sarajā vātā vāyanti, uttarā vātapānā thaketabbā. Sace dakkhiṇā sarajā vātā vāyanti, dakkhiṇā vātapānā thaketabbā. Sace sītakālo hoti, divā vātapānā vivaritabbā, rattiṃ thaketabbā. Sace uṇhakālo hoti, divā vātapānā thaketabbā, rattiṃ vivaritabbā.

「如果东方有尘的风吹来,应该关闭东方的窗户。如果西方有尘的风吹来,应该关闭西方的窗户。如果北方有尘的风吹来,应该关闭北方的窗户。如果南方有尘的风吹来,应该关闭南方的窗户。如果是寒冷季节,白天应该打开窗户,夜晚应该关闭。如果是炎热季节,白天应该关闭窗户,夜晚应该打开。

「如果院子肮脏,应该打扫院子。如果储藏室肮脏,应该打扫储藏室。如果集会堂肮脏,应该打扫集会堂。如果火堂肮脏,应该打扫火堂。如果厕所肮脏,应该打扫厕所。如果没有饮用水,应该准备饮用水。如果没有净水,应该准备净水。如果洗漱水瓶中没有水,应该将水注入洗漱水瓶。

‘‘Sace ācariyassa anabhirati uppannā hoti, antevāsikena vūpakāsetabbā, vūpakāsāpetabbā, dhammakathā vāssa kātabbā. Sace ācariyassa kukkuccaṃ uppannaṃ hoti, antevāsikena vinodetabbaṃ, vinodāpetabbaṃ, dhammakathā vāssa kātabbā. Sace ācariyassa diṭṭhigataṃ uppannaṃ hoti , antevāsikena vivecetabbaṃ, vivecāpetabbaṃ, dhammakathā vāssa kātabbā. Sace ācariyo garudhammaṃ ajjhāpanno hoti, parivāsāraho, antevāsikena ussukkaṃ kātabbaṃ – kinti nu kho saṅgho ācariyassa parivāsaṃ dadeyyāti. Sace ācariyo mūlāyapaṭikassanāraho hoti, antevāsikena ussukkaṃ kātabbaṃ – kinti nu kho saṅgho ācariyaṃ mūlāya paṭikasseyyāti. Sace ācariyo mānattāraho hoti, antevāsikena ussukkaṃ kātabbaṃ – kinti nu kho saṅgho ācariyassa mānattaṃ dadeyyāti. Sace ācariyo abbhānāraho hoti, antevāsikena ussukkaṃ kātabbaṃ – kinti nu kho saṅgho ācariyaṃ abbheyyāti. Sace saṅgho ācariyassa kammaṃ kattukāmo hoti, tajjanīyaṃ vā niyassaṃ vā pabbājanīyaṃ vā paṭisāraṇīyaṃ vā ukkhepanīyaṃ vā, antevāsikena ussukkaṃ kātabbaṃ – kinti nu kho saṅgho ācariyassa kammaṃ na kareyya, lahukāya vā pariṇāmeyyāti. Kataṃ vā panassa hoti saṅghena kammaṃ, tajjanīyaṃ vā niyassaṃ vā pabbājanīyaṃ vā paṭisāraṇīyaṃ vā ukkhepanīyaṃ vā, antevāsikena ussukkaṃ kātabbaṃ – kinti nu kho ācariyo sammā vatteyya, lomaṃ pāteyya, netthāraṃ vatteyya, saṅgho taṃ kammaṃ paṭippassambheyyāti.

「如果阿吉利亚生起不满,弟子应该使之平息,或使他人使之平息,或应该为他说法。如果阿吉利亚生起恶作,弟子应该使之消除,或使他人使之消除,或应该为他说法。如果阿吉利亚生起邪见,弟子应该使之分辨,或使他人使之分辨,或应该为他说法。如果阿吉利亚犯了重罪,应受别住,弟子应该努力——『僧团如何能给予阿吉利亚别住』。如果阿吉利亚应受退回原本,弟子应该努力——『僧团如何能使阿吉利亚回到退回原本』。如果阿吉利亚应受僧悦,弟子应该努力——『僧团如何能给予阿吉利亚僧悦』。如果阿吉利亚应受出罪,弟子应该努力——『僧团如何能使阿吉利亚出罪』。如果僧团想要对阿吉利亚作甘马,举罪、依止、驱出、下意、举罪,弟子应该努力——『僧团如何能不对阿吉利亚作甘马,或转为轻微』。或者僧团已对他作了甘马,举罪、依止、驱出、下意、举罪,弟子应该努力——『阿吉利亚如何能正行、折伏、行顺从,僧团能解除那甘马』。

‘‘Sace ācariyassa cīvaraṃ dhovitabbaṃ hoti, antevāsikena dhovitabbaṃ, ussukkaṃ vā kātabbaṃ – kinti nu kho ācariyassa cīvaraṃ dhoviyethāti. Sace ācariyassa cīvaraṃ kātabbaṃ hoti, antevāsikena kātabbaṃ, ussukkaṃ vā kātabbaṃ – kinti nu kho ācariyassa cīvaraṃ kariyethāti. Sace ācariyassa rajanaṃ pacitabbaṃ hoti, antevāsikena pacitabbaṃ, ussukkaṃ vā kātabbaṃ – kinti nu kho ācariyassa rajanaṃ paciyethāti. Sace ācariyassa cīvaraṃ rajitabbaṃ hoti, antevāsikena rajitabbaṃ, ussukkaṃ vā kātabbaṃ – kinti nu kho ācariyassa cīvaraṃ rajiyethāti. Cīvaraṃ rajantena sādhukaṃ samparivattakaṃ samparivattakaṃ rajitabbaṃ, na ca acchinne theve pakkamitabbaṃ.

「如果阿吉利亚的衣应该洗,弟子应该洗,或应该努力——『阿吉利亚的衣如何能被洗』。如果阿吉利亚的衣应该作,弟子应该作,或应该努力——『阿吉利亚的衣如何能被作』。如果阿吉利亚的染料应该煮,弟子应该煮,或应该努力——『阿吉利亚的染料如何能被煮』。如果阿吉利亚的衣应该染,弟子应该染,或应该努力——『阿吉利亚的衣如何能被染』。染衣者,应该善加地反复翻转、反复翻转而染,不应该在线未干时离去。

‘‘Na ācariyaṃ anāpucchā ekaccassa patto dātabbo, na ekaccassa patto paṭiggahetabbo; na ekaccassa cīvaraṃ dātabbaṃ, na ekaccassa cīvaraṃ paṭiggahetabbaṃ; na ekaccassa parikkhāro dātabbo, na ekaccassa parikkhāro paṭiggahetabbo; na ekaccassa kesā cheditabbā, na ekaccena kesā chedāpetabbā; na ekaccassa parikammaṃ kātabbaṃ, na ekaccena parikammaṃ kārāpetabbaṃ; na ekaccassa veyyāvacco kātabbo, na ekaccena veyyāvacco kārāpetabbo; na ekaccassa pacchāsamaṇena hotabbaṃ, na ekacco pacchāsamaṇo ādātabbo; na ekaccassa piṇḍapāto nīharitabbo, na ekaccena piṇḍapāto nīharāpetabbo; na ācariyaṃ anāpucchā gāmo pavisitabbo; na susānaṃ gantabbaṃ; na disā pakkamitabbā. Sace ācariyo gilāno hoti, yāvajīvaṃ upaṭṭhātabbo , vuṭṭhānamassa āgametabbaṃ. Idaṃ kho, bhikkhave, antevāsikānaṃ ācariyesu vattaṃ yathā antevāsikehi ācariyesu sammā vattitabba’’nti.

「不应该未问阿吉利亚而将钵给予某人,不应该从某人接受钵;不应该将衣给予某人,不应该从某人接受衣;不应该将用具给予某人,不应该从某人接受用具;不应该为某人剃发,不应该使某人剃发;不应该为某人作服侍,不应该使某人作服侍;不应该为某人作须跋,不应该使某人作须跋;不应该作某人的随从沙玛内拉,不应该带某人作随从沙玛内拉;不应该为某人带出钵食,不应该使某人带出钵食;不应该未问阿吉利亚而进入村落;不应该去墓地;不应该离开方向。如果阿吉利亚生病,应该尽形寿须跋,应该等待他康复。诸比库,这是弟子对阿吉利亚的义务,弟子应该如此对阿吉利亚正行。」

14. Antevāsikavattakathā14. 学生行仪论

§381

Tena kho pana samayena ācariyā antevāsikesu na sammā vattanti. Ye te bhikkhū appicchā…pe… te ujjhāyanti khiyyanti vipācenti – ‘‘kathañhi nāma ācariyā antevāsikesu na sammā vattissantī’’ti! Atha kho te bhikkhū bhagavato etamatthaṃ ārocesuṃ. Atha kho bhagavā etasmiṃ nidāne etasmiṃ pakaraṇe bhikkhusaṅghaṃ sannipātāpetvā bhikkhū paṭipucchi – ‘‘saccaṃ kira, bhikkhave, ācariyā antevāsikesu na sammā vattantī’’ti? ‘‘Saccaṃ bhagavā’’ti…pe… vigarahitvā…pe… dhammiṃ kathaṃ katvā bhikkhū āmantesi –

尔时,诸阿吉利亚对弟子不正行。那些少欲的诸比库……他们抱怨、呵责、批评:『诸阿吉利亚怎么对弟子不正行呢!』于是,那些比库将此事禀告世尊。尔时,世尊以此因缘、以此事缘,召集比库僧团后,询问诸比库:『诸比库,听说诸阿吉利亚对弟子不正行,是真的吗?』『真的,世尊。』……呵责后……作如法语后,告诉诸比库:

§382

‘‘Tena hi, bhikkhave, ācariyānaṃ antevāsikesu vattaṃ paññapessāmi yathā ācariyehi antevāsikesu sammā vattitabbaṃ. Ācariyena, bhikkhave, antevāsikamhi sammā vattitabbaṃ. Tatrāyaṃ sammāvattanā –

「诸比库,那么,我将制定老师对弟子的义务,老师应如何正确地对待弟子。诸比库,老师应正确地对待弟子。于此,这是正确的对待——

‘‘Ācariyena, bhikkhave, antevāsiko saṅgahetabbo anuggahetabbo uddesena paripucchāya ovādena anusāsaniyā. Sace ācariyassa patto hoti, antevāsikassa patto na hoti, ācariyena antevāsikassa patto dātabbo, ussukkaṃ vā kātabbaṃ – kinti nu kho antevāsikassa patto uppajjiyethāti. Sace ācariyassa cīvaraṃ hoti, antevāsikassa cīvaraṃ na hoti, ācariyena antevāsikassa cīvaraṃ dātabbaṃ, ussukkaṃ vā kātabbaṃ – kinti nu kho antevāsikassa cīvaraṃ uppajjiyethāti. Sace ācariyassa parikkhāro hoti, antevāsikassa parikkhāro na hoti, ācariyena antevāsikassa parikkhāro dātabbo, ussukkaṃ vā kātabbaṃ – kinti nu kho antevāsikassa parikkhāro uppajjiyethāti.

「诸比库,老师应摄受弟子、随护弟子,以诵习、以问答、以教诫、以教导。如果老师有钵,弟子没有钵,老师应给弟子钵,或者应努力——『如何能让弟子得到钵呢?』如果老师有衣,弟子没有衣,老师应给弟子衣,或者应努力——『如何能让弟子得到衣呢?』如果老师有资具,弟子没有资具,老师应给弟子资具,或者应努力——『如何能让弟子得到资具呢?』

‘‘Sace antevāsiko gilāno hoti, kālasseva uṭṭhāya dantakaṭṭhaṃ dātabbaṃ, mukhodakaṃ dātabbaṃ, āsanaṃ paññapetabbaṃ. Sace yāgu hoti , bhājanaṃ dhovitvā yāgu upanāmetabbā. Yāguṃ pītassa udakaṃ datvā bhājanaṃ paṭiggahetvā nīcaṃ katvā sādhukaṃ appaṭighaṃsantena dhovitvā paṭisāmetabbaṃ . Antevāsikamhi vuṭṭhite āsanaṃ uddharitabbaṃ. Sace so deso uklāpo hoti, so deso sammajjitabbo.

「如果弟子生病,应及时起来给齿木,给漱口水,准备座位。如果有粥,应洗净器皿后送上粥。喝完粥后,应给水,接过器皿,放低,善巧地不碰撞地洗净后收藏。弟子起来后,应收起座位。如果那个地方肮脏,应打扫那个地方。

‘‘Sace antevāsiko gāmaṃ pavisitukāmo hoti, nivāsanaṃ dātabbaṃ, paṭinivāsanaṃ paṭiggahetabbaṃ, kāyabandhanaṃ dātabbaṃ, saguṇaṃ katvā saṅghāṭiyo dātabbā, dhovitvā patto sodako dātabbo.

「如果弟子想要进入村落,应给下衣,接过所脱下的衣,给腰带,折叠好后给桑喀帝,应给洗净的湿钵。

「『到这个时候将返回』,应准备座位,应放置洗足水、足凳、擦足布,应前去迎接,接过钵衣,应给所脱下的衣,接过下衣。如果衣湿了,应在阳光下晒一会儿,但不应把衣放在阳光下。应折叠衣。折叠衣时,应把四指宽的边缘折起来折叠衣——『愿中间不要有折痕』。应把腰带放在折叠处。

‘‘Sace piṇḍapāto hoti, antevāsiko ca bhuñjitukāmo hoti, udakaṃ datvā piṇḍapāto upanāmetabbo. Antevāsiko pānīyena pucchitabbo. Bhuttāvissa udakaṃ datvā pattaṃ paṭiggahetvā nīcaṃ katvā sādhukaṃ appaṭighaṃsantena dhovitvā vodakaṃ katvā muhuttaṃ uṇhe otāpetabbo, na ca uṇhe patto nidahitabbo. Pattacīvaraṃ nikkhipitabbaṃ. Pattaṃ nikkhipantena…pe… cīvaraṃ nikkhipantena…pe… pārato antaṃ orato bhogaṃ katvā cīvaraṃ nikkhipitabbaṃ. Antevāsikamhi uṭṭhite āsanaṃ uddharitabbaṃ, pādodakaṃ pādapīṭhaṃ pādakathalikaṃ paṭisāmetabbaṃ. Sace so deso uklāpo hoti, so deso sammajjitabbo.

「如果有食物,弟子想要吃,应给水后送上食物。应以饮料问弟子。他吃完后,应给水,接过钵,放低,善巧地不碰撞地洗净,使其干燥,在阳光下晒一会儿,但不应把钵放在阳光下。应收藏钵衣。收藏钵时……(中略)……收藏衣时……(中略)……应把远的一端放在里面,近的折叠处放在外面来收藏衣。弟子起来后,应收起座位,应收藏洗足水、足凳、擦足布。如果那个地方肮脏,应打扫那个地方。

‘‘Sace antevāsiko nahāyitukāmo hoti, nahānaṃ paṭiyādetabbaṃ. Sace sītena attho hoti, sītaṃ paṭiyādetabbaṃ. Sace uṇhena attho hoti, uṇhaṃ paṭiyādetabbaṃ.

「如果弟子想要沐浴,应准备沐浴。如果需要冷水,应准备冷水。如果需要热水,应准备热水。

‘‘Sace antevāsiko jantāgharaṃ pavisitukāmo hoti, cuṇṇaṃ sannetabbaṃ, mattikā temetabbā, jantāgharapīṭhaṃ ādāya gantvā jantāgharapīṭhaṃ datvā cīvaraṃ paṭiggahetvā ekamantaṃ nikkhipitabbaṃ, cuṇṇaṃ dātabbaṃ, mattikā dātabbā. Sace ussahati jantāgharaṃ pavisitabbaṃ. Jantāgharaṃ pavisantena mattikāya mukhaṃ makkhetvā purato ca pacchato ca paṭicchādetvā jantāgharaṃ pavisitabbaṃ. Na there bhikkhū anupakhajja nisīditabbaṃ. Na navā bhikkhū āsanena paṭibāhitabbā . Jantāghare antevāsikassa parikammaṃ kātabbaṃ. Jantāgharā nikkhamantena jantāgharapīṭhaṃ ādāya purato ca pacchato ca paṭicchādetvā jantāgharā nikkhamitabbaṃ.

「如果弟子想要进入浴室,应揉粉,浸湿泥土,拿着浴室凳前去,给浴室凳,接过衣,放在一边,应给粉,应给泥土。如果能够,应进入浴室。进入浴室时,应以泥土涂面,前后遮护后进入浴室。不应挤坐长老比库。不应以座位阻挡新比库。应在浴室为弟子做服务。从浴室出来时,应拿着浴室凳,前后遮护后从浴室出来。」

‘‘Udakepi antevāsikassa parikammaṃ kātabbaṃ. Nahātena paṭhamataraṃ uttaritvā attano gattaṃ vodakaṃ katvā nivāsetvā antevāsikassa gattato udakaṃ pamajjitabbaṃ, nivāsanaṃ dātabbaṃ, saṅghāṭi dātabbā, jantāgharapīṭhaṃ ādāya paṭhamataraṃ āgantvā āsanaṃ paññapetabbaṃ, pādodakaṃ pādapīṭhaṃ pādakathalikaṃ upanikkhipitabbaṃ, antevāsiko pānīyena pucchitabbo.

「在水中也应为弟子做服侍。沐浴后应先上岸,擦干自己的身体,穿好下衣,然后为弟子擦去身上的水,给予下衣,给予桑喀帝,拿着浴室凳先回来,准备座位,放置脚水、脚凳、脚布,应以饮用水问候弟子。」

‘‘Yasmiṃ vihāre antevāsiko viharati, sace so vihāro uklāpo hoti, sace ussahati, sodhetabbo. Vihāraṃ sodhentena paṭhamaṃ pattacīvaraṃ nīharitvā ekamantaṃ nikkhipitabbaṃ…pe… ācamanakumbhiyā udakaṃ na hoti, ācamanakumbhiyā udakaṃ āsiñcitabbaṃ.

「若弟子所住的住所,如果那住所肮脏,如果能够,应清扫。清扫住所时,首先应取出钵与衣,放置一边……(中略)……若水瓶中没有水,应在水瓶中注入水。」

‘‘Sace antevāsikassa anabhirati uppannā hoti, ācariyena vūpakāsetabbo, vūpakāsāpetabbo, dhammakathā vāssa kātabbā. Sace antevāsikassa kukkuccaṃ uppannaṃ hoti, ācariyena vinodetabbaṃ, vinodāpetabbaṃ, dhammakathā vāssa kātabbā. Sace antevāsikassa diṭṭhigataṃ uppannaṃ hoti, ācariyena vivecetabbaṃ, vivecāpetabbaṃ, dhammakathā vāssa kātabbā. Sace antevāsiko garudhammaṃ ajjhāpanno hoti, parivāsāraho, ācariyena ussukkaṃ kātabbaṃ – kinti nu kho saṅgho antevāsikassa parivāsaṃ dadeyyāti. Sace antevāsiko mūlāyapaṭikassanāraho hoti, ācariyena ussukkaṃ kātabbaṃ – kinti nu kho saṅgho antevāsikaṃ mūlāya paṭikasseyyāti. Sace antevāsiko mānattāraho hoti, ācariyena ussukkaṃ kātabbaṃ – kinti nu kho saṅgho antevāsikassa mānattaṃ dadeyyāti. Sace antevāsiko abbhānāraho hoti, ācariyena ussukkaṃ kātabbaṃ – kinti nu kho saṅgho antevāsikaṃ abbheyyāti. Sace saṅgho antevāsikassa kammaṃ kattukāmo hoti, tajjanīyaṃ vā niyassaṃ vā pabbājanīyaṃ vā paṭisāraṇīyaṃ vā ukkhepanīyaṃ vā, ācariyena ussukkaṃ kātabbaṃ – kinti nu kho saṅgho antevāsikassa kammaṃ na kareyya , lahukāya vā pariṇāmeyyāti. Kataṃ vā panassa hoti, saṅghena kammaṃ, tajjanīyaṃ vā niyassaṃ vā pabbājanīyaṃ vā paṭisāraṇīyaṃ vā ukkhepanīyaṃ vā, ācariyena ussukkaṃ kātabbaṃ – kinti nu kho antevāsiko sammā vatteyya, lomaṃ pāteyya, netthāraṃ vatteyya, saṅgho taṃ kammaṃ paṭippassambheyyāti.

「如果弟子生起不乐,戒师应使他远离,应使他被远离,或应为他说法。如果弟子生起恶作,戒师应使他消除,应使他被消除,或应为他说法。如果弟子生起邪见,戒师应使他分离,应使他被分离,或应为他说法。如果弟子犯了重罪,应别住,戒师应努力——『僧团如何能给予弟子别住呢?』如果弟子应回到本日,戒师应努力——『僧团如何能使弟子回到本日呢?』如果弟子应僧悦,戒师应努力——『僧团如何能给予弟子僧悦呢?』如果弟子应出罪,戒师应努力——『僧团如何能出弟子的罪呢?』如果僧团想对弟子作甘马,呵责或依止或驱出或下意或举罪,戒师应努力——『僧团如何能不对弟子作甘马,或转为轻微呢?』或者僧团已对他作了甘马,呵责或依止或驱出或下意或举罪,戒师应努力——『弟子如何能正行,落发,行顺从,僧团能解除那甘马呢?』」

‘‘Sace antevāsikassa cīvaraṃ dhovitabbaṃ hoti, ācariyena ācikkhitabbaṃ – evaṃ dhoveyyāsīti, ussukkaṃ vā kātabbaṃ – kinti nu kho antevāsikassa cīvaraṃ dhoviyethāti. Sace antevāsikassa cīvaraṃ kātabbaṃ hoti, ācariyena ācikkhitabbaṃ – evaṃ kareyyāsīti, ussukkaṃ vā kātabbaṃ – kinti nu kho antevāsikassa cīvaraṃ kariyethāti. Sace antevāsikassa rajanaṃ pacitabbaṃ hoti, ācariyena ācikkhitabbaṃ – evaṃ paceyyāsīti, ussukkaṃ vā kātabbaṃ – kinti nu kho antevāsikassa rajanaṃ paciyethāti. Sace antevāsikassa cīvaraṃ rajitabbaṃ hoti, ācariyena ācikkhitabbaṃ – evaṃ rajeyyāsīti, ussukkaṃ vā kātabbaṃ – kinti nu kho antevāsikassa cīvaraṃ rajiyethāti. Cīvaraṃ rajantena sādhukaṃ samparivattakaṃ samparivattakaṃ rajitabbaṃ. Na ca acchinne theve pakkamitabbaṃ. Sace antevāsiko gilāno hoti, yāvajīvaṃ upaṭṭhātabbo, vuṭṭhānamassa āgametabbaṃ. Idaṃ kho, bhikkhave, ācariyānaṃ antevāsikesu vattaṃ yathā ācariyehi antevāsikesu sammā vattitabba’’nti.

「如果弟子的衣应洗,戒师应教导——『你应这样洗』,或应努力——『弟子的衣如何能被洗呢?』如果弟子的衣应作,戒师应教导——『你应这样作』,或应努力——『弟子的衣如何能被作呢?』如果弟子的染料应煮,戒师应教导——『你应这样煮』,或应努力——『弟子的染料如何能被煮呢?』如果弟子的衣应染,戒师应教导——『你应这样染』,或应努力——『弟子的衣如何能被染呢?』染衣时应善加翻转翻转地染。不应在线未干时离去。如果弟子生病,应尽形寿照顾,应等待他康复。诸比库,这是戒师对弟子的义务,戒师应如此对弟子正行。」

Vattakkhandhako aṭṭhamo. · 行仪篇第八

Imamhi khandhake vatthū ekūnavīsati, vattā cuddasa. · 此篇中有十九事,十四行仪

Tassuddānaṃ – · 其偈颂

Saupāhanā chattā ca, oguṇṭhi sīsaṃ pānīyaṃ;

「穿鞋持伞,覆头饮水;」

Nābhivāde na pucchanti, ahi ujjhanti pesalā.

「不礼敬不问讯,善者责备。」

Omuñci chattaṃ khandhe ca, atarañca paṭikkamaṃ;

「放下伞与肩,退后;」

Pattacīvaraṃ nikkhipā, patirūpañca pucchitā.

「放下钵与衣,适当地问讯。」

Āsiñceyya dhovitena, sukkhenallenupāhanā;

应以洗净的、干净的、湿润的鞋履浇洒;

Vuḍḍho navako puccheyya, ajjhāvuṭṭhañca gocarā.

长老应询问新学,以及行乞的住处。

Sekkhā vaccā pānī pari, kattaraṃ katikaṃ tato;

学人应洒水、饮水、周围,以及剃刀、腰带等;

Kālaṃ muhuttaṃ uklāpo, bhūmattharaṇaṃ nīhare.

时间、片刻、热水,应取出地敷具。

Paṭipādo bhisibibbo, mañcapīṭhañca mallakaṃ;

足凳、枕头,以及床榻、椅子和枕垫;

Apassenullokakaṇṇā, gerukā kāḷa akatā.

应观察角落,红土、黑色未作。

Saṅkārañca bhūmattharaṇaṃ, paṭipādakaṃ mañcapīṭhaṃ;

垃圾和地敷具,足凳、床榻、椅子;

Bhisi nisīdanampi, mallakaṃ apassena ca.

枕头、坐具,以及枕垫和靠背。

Pattacīvaraṃ bhūmi ca, pārantaṃ orato bhogaṃ;

钵与衣,地与边界,内部的财物;

Puratthimā pacchimā ca, uttarā atha dakkhiṇā.

东方与西方,北方以及南方。

Sītuṇhe ca divārattiṃ, pariveṇañca koṭṭhako;

寒热与昼夜,住处与储藏室;

Upaṭṭhānaggi sālā ca, vattaṃ vaccakuṭīsu ca.

须跋之火与堂,以及厕所中的职责。

Pānī paribhojaniyā, kumbhi ācamanesu ca;

饮料与食物,水瓶与漱口处;

Anopamena paññattaṃ, vattaṃ āgantukehime .

以无比的方式制定,这些是对客比库的职责。

Nevāsanaṃ na udakaṃ, na paccu na ca pāniyaṃ;

既无座位也无水,既无迎接也无饮料;

Nābhivāde napaññape, ujjhāyanti ca pesalā.

不礼敬也不告知,善者们因此而不满。

Vuḍḍhāsanañca udakaṃ, paccuggantvā ca pāniyaṃ;

长老座与水，迎接以及饮用水；

Upāhane ekamantaṃ, abhivāde ca paññape.

鞋于一边，礼敬则安排。

Vutthaṃ gocarasekkho ca, ṭhānaṃ pāniyabhojanaṃ;

从行乞回来者与学习者，站立处、饮用水、食物；

Kattaraṃ katikaṃ kālaṃ, navakassa nisinnake.

剃刀、腰带、时间，对新来者坐着时。

Abhivādaye ācikkhe, yathā heṭṭhā tathā naye;

应礼敬、应告知，如下面那样引导；

Niddiṭṭhaṃ satthavāhena vattaṃ āvāsikehime.

由商队长所说示的，这是住处者的义务。

Gamikā dārumatti ca, vivaritvā na pucchiya;

行者、木尺，打开后不询问；

Nassanti ca aguttañca, ujjhāyanti ca pesalā.

则失坏、无守护，善者们则责难。

Paṭisāmetvā thaketvā, āpucchitvāva pakkame;

应当询问、应当确认后,询问后才离去;

Bhikkhu vā sāmaṇero vā, ārāmiko upāsako.

比库或沙玛内拉、园民或近事男。

Pāsāṇakesu ca puñjaṃ, paṭisāme thakeyya ca;

对于石堆应当询问、应当确认;

Sace ussahati ussukkaṃ, anovasse tatheva ca.

若能够努力,不应淋雨,亦如是。

Sabbo ovassati gāmaṃ, ajjhokāse tatheva ca;

一切淋雨至村落,在露地亦如是;

Appevaṅgāni seseyyuṃ, vattaṃ gamikabhikkhunā.

愿这些事物能剩余,对行路比库的义务。

Nānumodanti therena, ohāya catupañcahi;

不随喜于长老,舍弃四或五;

Vaccito mucchito āsi, vattānumodanesume.

被呵责、被迷醉者,在这些义务随喜中。

Chabbaggiyā dunnivatthā, athopi ca duppārutā;

六群比库穿着不善,而且披覆不善;

Anākappā ca vokkamma, there anupakhajjane.

不整齐地跨出,冒犯长老们。

Nave bhikkhū ca saṅghāṭi, ujjhāyanti ca pesalā;

新比库们和桑喀帝,善良者们抱怨;

Timaṇḍalaṃ nivāsetvā, kāyasaguṇagaṇṭhikā.

穿着三圆相,身体结绳结。

Na vokkamma paṭicchannaṃ, susaṃvutokkhittacakkhu;

不跨出而遮覆,善护持垂下眼;

Ukkhittojjagghikāsaddo, tayo ceva pacālanā.

举起仰起声音,以及三种摇动。

Khambhoguṇṭhiukkuṭikā, paṭicchannaṃ susaṃvuto;

叉腰覆头蹲踞,遮覆善护持;

Okkhittukkhittaujjagghi, appasaddo tayo calā.

低垂举起仰起,少声三种动。

Khambhoguṇṭhipallatthi ca, anupakhajja nāsane;

交叉双臂、裹身、躺卧,以及侵占座位;

Ottharitvāna udake, nīcaṃ katvāna siñciyā.

铺展于水中,应低下而洒水。

Paṭi sāmantā saṅghāṭi, odane ca paṭiggahe;

对桑喀帝衣的周围,以及在接受饭食时;

Sūpaṃ uttaribhaṅgena, sabbesaṃ samatitthi ca.

汤以上层部分,对一切众人平等。

Sakkaccaṃ pattasaññī ca, sapadānañca sūpakaṃ;

恭敬地具有钵想,以及连同汤的施与;

Na thūpato paṭicchāde, viññattujjhānasaññinā.

不应以堆积覆盖,具有令知与禅那之想。

Mahantamaṇḍaladvāraṃ, sabbahattho na byāhare;

大圆门,不应以全手搅拌;

Ukkhepo chedanāgaṇḍa, dhunaṃ sitthāvakārakaṃ.

抛掷、切断、肿块,摇动、剩余物的制作。

Jivhānicchārakañceva, capucapu surusuru;

舌舔唇以及啧啧声、嘶嘶声;

Hatthapattoṭṭhanillehaṃ, sāmisena paṭiggahe.

以手拍打、摩擦、舔舐,以有肉之物接受。

Yāva na sabbe udake, nīcaṃ katvāna siñciyaṃ;

乃至未将一切水,向下倾倒而洒出;

Paṭi sāmantā saṅghāṭi, nīcaṃ katvā chamāya ca.

对着桑喀帝,向下倾倒于地上。

Sasitthakaṃ nivattante, suppaṭicchannamukkuṭi;

带着剩余物返回,善覆盖头部;

Dhammarājena paññattaṃ, idaṃ bhattaggavattanaṃ.

由法王所制定,此为食堂行仪。

Dunnivatthā anākappā, asallekkhetvā ca sahasā;

穿着不整、不庄严,未省察而匆忙;

Dūre acca ciraṃ lahuṃ, tatheva piṇḍacāriko.

远处、过度、久、速,如是行乞食者。

Paṭicchannova gaccheyya, suṃsavutokkhittacakkhu;

应当遮覆而行,摄护、低垂眼目;

Ukkhittojjagghikāsaddo, tayo ceva pacālanā.

举起、高声、喧哗之声,以及三种摇动。

Khambhoguṇṭhiukkuṭikā, sallakkhetvā ca sahasā;

叉腰、抱膝、蹲踞,观察之后突然;

Dūre acca ciraṃ lahuṃ, āsanakaṃ kaṭacchukā.

远、过度、久、快,座位、抓挠。

Bhājanaṃ vā ṭhapeti ca, uccāretvā paṇāmetvā;

或者放置钵,高举之后低下;

Paṭiggahe na ulloke, sūpesupi tatheva taṃ.

受取时不仰视,于汤羹中亦如是。

Bhikkhu saṅghāṭiyā chāde, paṭicchanneva gacchiyaṃ;

比库应以桑喀帝遮覆,应当遮覆而行;

Saṃvutokkhittacakkhu ca, ukkhittojjagghikāya ca;

摄护、低垂眼目,以及举起、高声、喧哗,

Appasaddo tayo cālā, khambhoguṇṭhikaukkuṭi.

少声三次摇动,柱子、绳结、门闩。

Paṭhamāsanavakkāra , pāniyaṃ paribhojanī;

第一座位、弯曲,水、食物;

Pacchākaṅkhati bhuñjeyya, opilāpeyya uddhare.

后来期待应食用,应覆盖、应举起。

Paṭisāmeyya sammajje, rittaṃ tucchaṃ upaṭṭhape;

应回答、应扫除,空的、无用的应侍立;

Hatthavikāre bhindeyya, vattidaṃ piṇḍacārike.

手的变化应打破,灯油在行乞食时。

Pānī pari aggiraṇi, nakkhattadisacorā ca;

饮者、周围、火,星宿、方向、盗贼;

Sabbaṃ natthīti koṭṭetvā, pattaṃse cīvaraṃ tato.

一切无有如是击打后,钵在肩上、衣从那里。

Idāni aṃse laggetvā, timaṇḍalaṃ parimaṇḍalaṃ;

现在挂在肩上,三圆、遍圆;

Yathā piṇḍacārivattaṃ, naye āraññakesupi.

如乞食行的规定,在诸住阿兰若者中也是如此。

Pattaṃse cīvaraṃ sīse, ārohitvā ca pāniyaṃ;

钵在头上,衣在头上,登上之后,以及饮用水;

Paribhojaniyaṃ aggi, araṇī cāpi kattaraṃ.

食用物、火、火钻以及斧头。

Nakkhattaṃ sappadesaṃ vā, disāpi kusalo bhave;

星宿或地区,对方向也应善巧;

Sattuttamena paññattaṃ, vattaṃ āraññakesume.

以七个最上者所制定的,诸住阿兰若者的规定。

Ajjhokāse okiriṃsu, ujjhāyanti ca pesalā;

在露地散放,善良者们会责难;

Sace vihāro uklāpo, paṭhamaṃ pattacīvaraṃ.

如果有住处或棚屋,首先是钵与衣。

Bhisibibbohanaṃ mañcaṃ, pīṭhañca kheḷamallakaṃ;

枕头、床、椅子以及痰盂;

Apassenullokakaṇṇā, gerukā kāḷa akatā.

不应见世间的耳朵,应恭敬,黑色的未作。

Saṅkāraṃ bhikkhusāmantā, senāvihārapāniyaṃ;

比库周围的垃圾,军营、住处、饮用水;

Paribhojanasāmantā, paṭivāte ca aṅgaṇe.

食物周围,以及在风的反方向和庭院。

Adhovāte attharaṇaṃ, paṭipādakamañco ca;

在风的下方铺设物,脚凳和床;

Pīṭhaṃ bhisi nisīdanaṃ, mallakaṃ apassena ca.

椅子、枕头、坐具,花环,以及不应见。

Pattacīvaraṃ bhūmi ca, pārantaṃ orato bhogaṃ;

钵和衣,以及地,边缘、内部、享用;

Puratthimā ca pacchimā, uttarā atha dakkhiṇā.

东方和西方,北方以及南方。

Sītuṇhe ca divā rattiṃ, pariveṇañca koṭṭhako;

寒冷和炎热,以及白天和夜晚,住处和仓库;

Upaṭṭhānaggisālā ca, vaccakuṭī ca pāniyaṃ.

供养火堂及厕所与饮水处。

Ācamanakumbhi vuḍḍhe ca, uddesapucchanā sajjhā;

漱口水瓶、长老、背诵、请问、诵习；

Dhammo padīpaṃ vijjhāpe, na vivare napi thake.

法、灯、应点燃，不应打开，也不应疲倦。

Yena vuḍḍho parivatti, kaṇṇenapi na ghaṭṭaye;

长老所行之处，即使用耳朵也不应碰触；

Paññapesi mahāvīro, vattaṃ senāsanesu taṃ.

大雄制定了住所中的那些行仪。

Nivāriyamānā dvāraṃ, mucchitujjhanti pesalā;

被阻止门时，善良者应放弃执着；

Chārikaṃ chaḍḍaye jantā, paribhaṇḍaṃ tatheva ca.

人应舍弃游行，以及资具亦复如是。

Pariveṇaṃ koṭṭhako sālā, cuṇṇamattikadoṇikā;

住处、仓库、堂、粉末、泥土、容器；

Mukhaṃ purato na there, na nave ussahati sace.

若能够,不应在长老或新比库面前吐口水。

Purato uparimaggo, cikkhallaṃ matti pīṭhakaṃ;

前面的上方道路、泥泞处、床座;

Vijjhāpetvā thaketvā ca, vattaṃ jantāgharesume.

在射穿、疲倦之后,以及在磨坊的石磨上。

Nācameti yathāvuḍḍhaṃ, paṭipāṭi ca sahasā;

不按照长幼次第供水,而是突然地;

Ubbhaji nitthuno kaṭṭhaṃ, vaccaṃ passāva kheḷakaṃ.

在吐痰处、木柴处、大便处、小便处、痰处。

Pharusā kūpa sahasā, ubbhaji capu sesena;

粗暴地、在井边、突然地,在吐痰处以及其余处;

Bahi anto ca ukkāse, rajju ataramānañca.

在外面、里面以及厕所,以及正在攀爬绳索者。

Sahasā ubbhaji ṭhite, nitthune kaṭṭha vaccañca;

突然地在站立者面前吐痰,在吐痰处、木柴处、大便处;

Passāva kheḷa pharusā, kūpañca vaccapāduke.

汗、痰、粗恶物、井以及大小便处。

Nātisahasā ubbhaji, pādukāya capucapu;

不要过于急速地冲出,也不要用脚拖鞋发出啪啪声;

Na sesaye paṭicchāde, uhatapidharena ca.

不要躺卧遮盖,也不要用被褥覆盖。

Vaccakuṭī paribhaṇḍaṃ, pariveṇañca koṭṭhako;

厕所的用具、住处以及仓库;

Ācamane ca udakaṃ, vattaṃ vaccakuṭīsume.

漱口处的水、厕所的扫帚。

Upāhanā dantakaṭṭhaṃ, mukhodakañca āsanaṃ;

鞋履、齿木、漱口水以及座位;

Yāgu udakaṃ dhovitvā, uddhāruklāpa gāma ca.

粥、水,洗涤后,擦拭布、村落。

Nivāsanā kāyabandhā, saguṇaṃ pattasodakaṃ;

下衣、腰带、有绳的钵水;

Pacchā timaṇḍalo ceva, parimaṇḍala bandhanaṃ.

后面是圆的,以及圆形的束缚。

Saguṇaṃ dhovitvā pacchā, nātidūre paṭiggahe;

洗涤有绳的后,不在太远处接受;

Bhaṇamānassa āpatti, paṭhamāgantvāna āsanaṃ.

说话者有罪,首先来到座位。

Udakaṃ pīṭhakathali, paccuggantvā nivāsanaṃ;

水、凳子、地板,迎接下衣;

Otāpe nidahi bhaṅgo, obhoge bhuñjitu name.

晾晒、放置、破损,在折叠处不应受用。

Pānīyaṃ udakaṃ nīcaṃ, muhuttaṃ na ca nidahe;

饮用水、水、低处,片刻不应放置;

Pattacīvaraṃ bhūmi ca, pārantaṃ orato bhogaṃ.

钵与衣、地,以及边缘、内侧的受用。

Uddhare paṭisāme ca, uklāpo ca nahāyituṃ;

提起、回答,以及沐浴的准备;

Sītaṃ uṇhaṃ jantāgharaṃ, cuṇṇaṃ mattika piṭṭhito.

冷、热、浴室、粉末、泥土、凳子。

Pīṭhañca cīvaraṃ cuṇṇaṃ, mattikussahati mukhaṃ;

凳子、衣、粉末，泥土洗脸；

Purato there nave ca, parikammañca nikkhame.

前面长老们、新的，以及出去时的预备工作。

Purato udake nhāte, nivāsetvā upajjhāyaṃ;

在前面水中沐浴后，为戒师穿下衣；

Nivāsanañca saṅghāṭi, pīṭhakaṃ āsanena ca.

下衣、桑喀帝，凳子与座具。

Pādo pīṭhaṃ kathaliñca, pānīyuddesapucchanā;

脚、凳子、拖鞋，询问饮用水的指示；

Uklāpaṃ susodheyya, paṭhamaṃ pattacīvaraṃ.

应善净洗涤物，首先是钵与衣。

Nisīdanapaccattharaṇaṃ, bhisi bibbohanāni ca;

坐具、铺展物，枕头、枕套。

Mañco pīṭhaṃ paṭipādaṃ, mallakaṃ apassena ca.

床、椅、脚凳、枕头与靠背,

Bhūma santāna āloka, gerukā kāḷa akatā;

地面、铺展物、灯明、红土与黑色未作;

Bhūmattharapaṭipādā, mañco pīṭhaṃ bibbohanaṃ.

地面铺展物与脚凳、床、椅、门闩。

Nisīdattharaṇaṃ kheḷa, apasse pattacīvaraṃ;

坐具、唾器、靠背、钵与衣;

Puratthimā pacchimā ca, uttarā atha dakkhiṇā.

东方、西方、北方以及南方。

Sītuṇhañca divā rattiṃ, pariveṇañca koṭṭhako;

寒热、昼夜、住所与库房;

Upaṭṭhānaggisālā ca, vaccapāniyabhojanī.

须跋堂、火堂、厕所、饮水处与食堂。

Ācamaṃ anabhirati, kukkuccaṃ diṭṭhi ca garu;

漱口水、不乐、恶作、见与重;

Mūlamānattaabbhānaṃ, tajjanīyaṃ niyassakaṃ.

本罪僧悦、呵责、驱出、

Pabbāja paṭisāraṇī, ukkhepañca kataṃ yadi;

出罪、依止、举罪若已作;

Dhove kātabbaṃ rajañca, raje samparivattakaṃ.

应洗染料、染料中转动。

Pattañca cīvarañcāpi, parikkhārañca chedanaṃ;

钵与衣、用具之切断;

Parikammaṃ veyyāvaccaṃ, pacchā piṇḍaṃ pavisanaṃ.

准备工作、服侍、后入于食堂。

Na susānaṃ disā ceva, yāvajīvaṃ upaṭṭhahe;

不应往墓地及诸方、尽形寿应须跋;

Saddhivihārikenetaṃ, vattupajjhāyakesume.

此为共住弟子、对于依止师与教授师。

Ovādasāsanuddesā, pucchā pattañca cīvaraṃ;

教诫、教授、诵习、询问、钵与衣、

Parikkhāro gilāno ca, na pacchāsamaṇo bhave.

资具、病人,不应有后沙玛内拉。

Upajjhāyesu ye vattā, evaṃ ācariyesupi;

于诸亲教师的行仪,于诸老师亦如是;

Saddhivihārike vattā, tatheva antevāsike.

于共住弟子的行仪,于受依止者亦如是。

Āgantukesu ye vattā, puna āvāsikesu ca;

于诸客比库的行仪,又于诸住比库;

Gamikānumodanikā, bhattagge piṇḍacārike.

行者、随喜者,于食堂、行乞食。

Āraññakesu yaṃ vattaṃ, yañca senāsanesupi;

于诸阿兰若的行仪,以及于诸住所;

Jantāghare vaccakuṭī, upajjhā saddhivihārike.

于暖房、厕所,亲教师于共住弟子。

Ācariyesu yaṃ vattaṃ, tatheva antevāsike;

于诸老师的行仪,于受依止者亦如是;

Ekūnavīsati vatthū, vattā cuddasa khandhake.

十九事,在十四篇集中所说。

Vattaṃ aparipūrento, na sīlaṃ paripūrati;

不圆满所说之事者,不能圆满戒;

Asuddhasīlo duppañño, cittekaggaṃ na vindati.

戒不清净、劣慧者,不能获得心一境性。

Vikkhittacittonekaggo, sammā dhammaṃ na passati;

心散乱、不专一者,不能如实见法;

Apassamāno saddhammaṃ, dukkhā na parimuccati.

不见正法者,不能从苦解脱。

Yaṃ vattaṃ paripūrento, sīlampi paripūrati;

圆满所说之事者,戒亦圆满;

Visuddhasīlo sappañño, cittekaggampi vindati.

戒清净、具慧者,亦能获得心一境性。

Avikkhittacitto ekaggo, sammā dhammaṃ vipassati;

心不散乱、专一者,如实观见法;

Sampassamāno saddhammaṃ, dukkhā so parimuccati.

见正法者，他从苦解脱。

Tasmā hi vattaṃ pūreyya, jinaputto vicakkhaṇo;

因此，胜者之子、有慧者应圆满职责；

Ovādaṃ buddhaseṭṭhassa, tato nibbānamehitīti.

最胜佛陀的教诫，由此而来涅槃。

Vattakkhandhakaṃ niṭṭhitaṃ. · 行仪篇完