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7. Saṅghabhedakakkhandhakaṃ7. 破僧篇集

139 段 · CSCD 巴利原典
7. Saṅghabhedakakkhandhakaṃ7. 破僧篇集
1. Paṭhamabhāṇavāro1. 第一诵品
Chasakyapabbajjākathā六释迦族出家论
§330
Tena samayena buddho bhagavā anupiyāyaṃ viharati, anupiyaṃ nāma mallānaṃ nigamo. Tena kho pana samayena abhiññātā abhiññātā sakyakumārā bhagavantaṃ pabbajitaṃ anupabbajanti. Tena kho pana samayena mahānāmo ca sakko anuruddho ca sakko dvebhātikā honti. Anuruddho sakko sukhumālo hoti. Tassa tayo pāsādā honti – eko hemantiko, eko gimhiko, eko vassiko. So vassike pāsāde cattāro māse nippurisehi tūriyehi paricārayamāno na heṭṭhāpāsādaṃ orohati. Atha kho mahānāmassa sakkassa etadahosi – ‘‘etarahi kho abhiññātā abhiññātā sakyakumārā bhagavantaṃ pabbajitaṃ anupabbajanti. Amhākañca pana kulā natthi koci agārasmā anagāriyaṃ pabbajito. Yaṃnūnāhaṃ vā pabbajeyyaṃ, anuruddho vā’’ti. Atha kho mahānāmo sakko yena anuruddho sakko tenupasaṅkami, upasaṅkamitvā anuruddhaṃ sakkaṃ etadavoca – ‘‘etarahi, tāta anuruddha, abhiññātā abhiññātā sakyakumārā bhagavantaṃ pabbajitaṃ anupabbajanti. Amhākañca pana kulā natthi koci agārasmā anagāriyaṃ pabbajito. Tena hi tvaṃ vā pabbaja, ahaṃ vā pabbajissāmī’’ti. ‘‘Ahaṃ kho sukhumālo, nāhaṃ sakkomi agārasmā anagāriyaṃ pabbajituṃ. Tvaṃ pabbajāhī’’ti. ‘‘Ehi kho te, tāta anuruddha, gharāvāsatthaṃ anusāsissāmi. Paṭhamaṃ khettaṃ kasāpetabbaṃ. Kasāpetvā vapāpetabbaṃ. Vapāpetvā udakaṃ abhinetabbaṃ. Udakaṃ abhinetvā udakaṃ ninnetabbaṃ. Udakaṃ ninnetvā niddhāpetabbaṃ. Niddhāpetvā lavāpetabbaṃ. Lavāpetvā ubbāhāpetabbaṃ. Ubbāhāpetvā puñjaṃ kārāpetabbaṃ. Puñjaṃ kārāpetvā maddāpetabbaṃ. Maddāpetvā palālāni uddharāpetabbāni. Palālāni uddharāpetvā bhusikā uddharāpetabbā. Bhusikaṃ uddharāpetvā opunāpetabbaṃ . Opunāpetvā atiharāpetabbaṃ. Atiharāpetvā āyatimpi vassaṃ evameva kātabbaṃ, āyatimpi vassaṃ evameva kātabba’’nti. ‘‘Na kammā khīyanti? Na kammānaṃ anto paññāyati? Kadā kammā khīyissanti? Kadā kammānaṃ anto paññāyissati? Kadā mayaṃ appossukkā pañcahi kāmaguṇehi samappitā samaṅgībhūtā paricāressāmā’’ti? ‘‘Na hi, tāta anuruddha, kammā khīyanti. Na kammānaṃ anto paññāyati. Akhīṇeva kamme pitaro ca pitāmahā ca kālaṅkatā’’ti. ‘‘Tena hi tvaññeva gharāvāsatthena upajānāhi. Ahaṃ agārasmā anagāriyaṃ pabbajissāmī’’ti.
尔时,佛陀世尊住在阿奴比亚,名为马拉人的城镇。尔时,众多知名的释迦族王子随世尊出家而出家。尔时,释迦人摩诃那摩与释迦人阿奴卢塔是两兄弟。释迦人阿奴卢塔极为娇嫩。他有三座宫殿——一座冬宫,一座夏宫,一座雨宫。他在雨宫中四个月被女性乐师们须跋,不下到下层宫殿。时,释迦人摩诃那摩生起此念:「现今众多知名的释迦族王子随世尊出家而出家。然而我们家族中没有任何人从在家出家成为非家。我或者应该出家,或者阿奴卢塔应该出家。」时,释迦人摩诃那摩前往释迦人阿奴卢塔处,抵达后对释迦人阿奴卢塔如此说:「亲爱的阿奴卢塔,现今众多知名的释迦族王子随世尊出家而出家。然而我们家族中没有任何人从在家出家成为非家。那么你出家,或者我将出家。」「我极为娇嫩,我不能从在家出家成为非家。你出家吧。」「来吧,亲爱的阿奴卢塔,我将教导你在家生活的事务。首先应该使人耕田。耕田后应该使人播种。播种后应该引水。引水后应该排水。排水后应该使人除草。除草后应该使人收割。收割后应该使人搬运。搬运后应该使人堆积。堆积后应该使人打谷。打谷后应该使人除去稻草。除去稻草后应该使人除去谷壳。除去谷壳后应该使人扬谷。扬谷后应该使人搬走。搬走后来年雨季也应该如此做,来年雨季也应该如此做。」「工作不会完结吗?工作的尽头不会显现吗?工作何时会完结?工作的尽头何时会显现?我们何时能少事务、具足五种欲功德而受用呢?」「亲爱的阿奴卢塔,工作不会完结。工作的尽头不会显现。工作未完结时父亲们与祖父们就已命终了。」「那么你就以在家生活的事务为满足吧。我将从在家出家成为非家。」
Atha kho anuruddho sakko yena mātā tenupasaṅkami, upasaṅkamitvā mātaraṃ etadavoca – ‘‘icchāmahaṃ, amma, agārasmā anagāriyaṃ pabbajituṃ. Anujānāhi maṃ agārasmā anagāriyaṃ pabbajjāyā’’ti. Evaṃ vutte anuruddhassa sakkassa mātā anuruddhaṃ sakkaṃ etadavoca – ‘‘tumhe kho me, tāta anuruddha, dve puttā piyā manāpā appaṭikūlā. Maraṇenapi vo akāmakā vinā bhavissāmi. Kiṃ panāhaṃ tumhe jīvante anujānissāmi agārasmā anagāriyaṃ pabbajjāyā’’ti? Dutiyampi kho…pe… tatiyampi kho anuruddho sakko mātaraṃ etadavoca – ‘‘icchāmahaṃ, amma, agārasmā anagāriyaṃ pabbajituṃ. Anujānāhi maṃ agārasmā anagāriyaṃ pabbajjāyā’’ti . Tena kho pana samayena bhaddiyo sakyarājā sakyānaṃ rajjaṃ kāreti. So ca anuruddhassa sakkassa sahāyo hoti. Atha kho anuruddhassa sakkassa mātā – ‘ayaṃ kho bhaddiyo sakyarājā sakyānaṃ rajjaṃ kāreti; anuruddhassa sakkassa sahāyo; so na ussahati agārasmā anagāriyaṃ pabbajitu’nti – anuruddhaṃ sakkaṃ etadavoca – ‘‘sace, tāta anuruddha, bhaddiyo sakyarājā agārasmā anagāriyaṃ pabbajati, evaṃ tvampi pabbajāhī’’ti. Atha kho anuruddho sakko yena bhaddiyo sakyarājā tenupasaṅkami, upasaṅkamitvā bhaddiyaṃ sakyarājānaṃ etadavoca – ‘‘mama kho, samma, pabbajjā tava paṭibaddhā’’ti. ‘‘Sace te, samma, pabbajjā mama paṭibaddhā vā appaṭibaddhā vā sā hotu, ahaṃ tayā; yathā sukhaṃ pabbajāhī’’ti. ‘‘Ehi, samma, ubho agārasmā anagāriyaṃ pabbajissāmā’’ti. ‘‘Nāhaṃ, samma, sakkomi agārasmā anagāriyaṃ pabbajitunti . Yaṃ te sakkā aññaṃ mayā kātuṃ, kyāhaṃ karissāmi. Tvaṃ pabbajāhī’’ti. ‘‘Mātā kho maṃ, samma, evamāha – ‘sace, tāta anuruddha, bhaddiyo sakyarājā agārasmā anagāriyaṃ pabbajati, evaṃ tvampi pabbajāhī’’’ti. ‘‘Bhāsitā kho pana te, samma, esā vācā. Sace te, samma, pabbajjā mama paṭibaddhā vā, appaṭibaddhā vā sā hotu, ahaṃ tayā; yathā sukhaṃ pabbajāhī’’ti. ‘‘Ehi, samma, ubho agārasmā anagāriyaṃ pabbajissāmā’’ti.
时,释迦人阿奴卢塔前往母亲处,抵达后对母亲如此说:「母亲,我想从在家出家成为非家。请允许我从在家出家。」如此说时,释迦人阿奴卢塔的母亲对释迦人阿奴卢塔如此说:「亲爱的阿奴卢塔,你们两个儿子对我来说是可爱的、可意的、不令人厌恶的。即使死亡我也不愿与你们分离。我怎能在你们活着时允许你们从在家出家呢?」第二次……第三次释迦人阿奴卢塔对母亲如此说:「母亲,我想从在家出家成为非家。请允许我从在家出家。」尔时,释迦王跋提为释迦人执行王政。他是释迦人阿奴卢塔的朋友。时,释迦人阿奴卢塔的母亲想:「这位释迦王跋提为释迦人执行王政;是释迦人阿奴卢塔的朋友;他不能从在家出家成为非家」,对释迦人阿奴卢塔如此说:「亲爱的阿奴卢塔,如果释迦王跋提从在家出家成为非家,那么你也出家吧。」时,释迦人阿奴卢塔前往释迦王跋提处,抵达后对释迦王跋提如此说:「朋友,我的出家系于你。」「朋友,如果你的出家系于我或不系于我,那就随你;你随意出家吧。」「来吧,朋友,我们两人从在家出家成为非家。」「朋友,我不能从在家出家成为非家。凡是我能为你做的其他事,我将做。你出家吧。」「朋友,我母亲对我如此说:『亲爱的阿奴卢塔,如果释迦王跋提从在家出家成为非家,那么你也出家吧。』」「朋友,你已说了这话。朋友,如果你的出家系于我或不系于我,那就随你;你随意出家吧。」「来吧,朋友,我们两人从在家出家成为非家。」
Tena kho pana samayena manussā saccavādino honti, saccapaṭiññā. Atha kho bhaddiyo sakyarājā anuruddhaṃ sakkaṃ etadavoca – ‘‘āgamehi, samma, sattavassāni. Sattannaṃ vassānaṃ accayena ubho agārasmā anagāriyaṃ pabbajissāmā’’ti. ‘‘Aticiraṃ, samma, sattavassāni. Nāhaṃ sakkomi sattavassāni āgametu’’nti. ‘‘Āgamehi, samma, chavassāni…pe… pañcavassāni… cattāri vassāni… tīṇi vassāni… dve vassāni… ekaṃ vassaṃ. Ekassa vassassa accayena ubho agārasmā anagāriyaṃ pabbajissāmā’’ti. ‘‘Aticiraṃ, samma, ekavassaṃ. Nāhaṃ sakkomi ekaṃ vassaṃ āgametu’’nti. ‘‘Āgamehi, samma, sattamāse. Sattannaṃ māsānaṃ accayena ubhopi agārasmā anagāriyaṃ pabbajissāmā’’ti. ‘‘Aticiraṃ, samma, sattamāsā. Nāhaṃ sakkomi sattamāse āgametu’’nti. ‘‘Āgamehi, samma, cha māse…pe… pañca māse… cattāro māse… tayo māse… dve māse… ekaṃ māsaṃ… aḍḍhamāsaṃ. Aḍḍhamāsassa accayena ubhopi agārasmā anagāriyaṃ pabbajissāmā’’ti. ‘‘Aticiraṃ, samma, aḍḍhamāso. Nāhaṃ sakkomi aḍḍhamāsaṃ āgametu’’nti. ‘‘Āgamehi, samma, sattāhaṃ yāvāhaṃ putte ca bhātaro ca rajjaṃ niyyādemī’’ti. ‘‘Na ciraṃ, samma, sattāho, āgamessāmī’’ti.
尔时,人们是真实语者,真实承诺者。时,释迦王跋提对释迦人阿奴卢塔如此说:「朋友,请等待七年。七年过后我们两人从在家出家成为非家。」「朋友,七年太久了。我不能等待七年。」「朋友,请等待六年……五年……四年……三年……两年……一年。一年过后我们两人从在家出家成为非家。」「朋友,一年太久了。我不能等待一年。」「朋友,请等待七个月。七个月过后我们两人从在家出家成为非家。」「朋友,七个月太久了。我不能等待七个月。」「朋友,请等待六个月……五个月……四个月……三个月……两个月……一个月……半个月。半个月过后我们两人从在家出家成为非家。」「朋友,半个月太久了。我不能等待半个月。」「朋友,请等待七天,让我将王政交给儿子们与兄弟们。」「朋友,七天不久,我将等待。」
§331
Atha kho bhaddiyo ca sakyarājā anuruddho ca ānando ca bhagu ca kimilo ca devadatto ca, upālikappakena sattamā, yathā pure caturaṅginiyā senāya uyyānabhūmiṃ niyyanti, evameva caturaṅginiyā senāya niyyiṃsu. Te dūraṃ gantvā senaṃ nivattāpetvā paravisayaṃ okkamitvā ābharaṇaṃ omuñcitvā uttarāsaṅgena bhaṇḍikaṃ bandhitvā upāliṃ kappakaṃ etadavocuṃ – ‘‘handa, bhaṇe upāli, nivattassu; alaṃ te ettakaṃ jīvikāyā’’ti. Atha kho upālissa kappakassa nivattantassa etadahosi – ‘‘caṇḍā kho sākiyā; iminā kumārā nippātitāti ghātāpeyyumpi maṃ. Ime hi nāma sakyakumārā agārasmā anagāriyaṃ pabbajissanti. Kimaṅga panāha’’nti. Bhaṇḍikaṃ muñcitvā taṃ bhaṇḍaṃ rukkhe ālaggetvā ‘yo passati, dinnaṃyeva haratū’ti vatvā yena te sakyakumārā tenupasaṅkami. Addasāsuṃ kho te sakyakumārā upāliṃ kappakaṃ dūratova āgacchantaṃ. Disvāna upāliṃ kappakaṃ etadavocuṃ – ‘‘kissa, bhaṇe upāli, nivattesī’’ti? ‘‘Idha me, ayyaputtā, nivattantassa etadahosi – ‘caṇḍā kho sākiyā; iminā kumārā nippātitāti ghātāpeyyumpi maṃ. Ime hi nāma sakyakumārā agārasmā anagāriyaṃ pabbajissanti. Kimaṅga panāha’nti. So kho ahaṃ, ayyaputtā, bhaṇḍikaṃ muñcitvā taṃ bhaṇḍaṃ rukkhe ālaggetvā ‘yo passati, dinnaññeva haratū’ti vatvā tatomhi paṭinivatto’’ti. ‘‘Suṭṭhu, bhaṇe upāli, akāsi yampi na nivatto . Caṇḍā kho sākiyā; iminā kumārā nippātitāti ghātāpeyyumpi ta’’nti.
时,释迦王跋提、阿奴卢塔、阿难、跋咕、吉米喇、迭瓦达德,以及理发师伍巴离为第七人,如同以前以四军种出游园林一样,以四军种出发。他们走了一段路后,遣返军队,进入他国领土,脱下装饰品,用上衣包成包裹,对理发师伍巴离如此说:「来吧,伍巴离贤友,你回去吧;这些足够你生活了。」时,理发师伍巴离在返回时生起此念:「释迦人是凶暴的;他们会说『王子们因此人而被杀』而杀害我。这些释迦王子尚且从在家出家成为非家。何况我呢?」解开包裹,将那包裹挂在树上,说「见者就拿去吧」后,前往那些释迦王子处。那些释迦王子远远地看见理发师伍巴离前来。看见后对理发师伍巴离如此说:「伍巴离贤友,你为何返回?」「尊贵的王子们,我在返回时生起此念:『释迦人是凶暴的;他们会说「王子们因此人而被杀」而杀害我。这些释迦王子尚且从在家出家成为非家。何况我呢?』尊贵的王子们,我解开包裹,将那包裹挂在树上,说『见者就拿去吧』后,从那里返回。」「伍巴离贤友,你没有返回做得很好。释迦人是凶暴的;他们会说『王子们因此人而被杀』而杀害你。」
Atha kho sakyakumārā upāliṃ kappakaṃ ādāya yena bhagavā tenupasaṅkamiṃsu, upasaṅkamitvā bhagavantaṃ abhivādetvā ekamantaṃ nisīdiṃsu. Ekamantaṃ nisinnā kho te sakyakumārā bhagavantaṃ etadavocuṃ – ‘‘mayaṃ, bhante, sākiyā nāma mānassino. Ayaṃ , bhante, upāli kappako amhākaṃ dīgharattaṃ paricārako. Imaṃ bhagavā paṭhamaṃ pabbājetu. Imassa mayaṃ abhivādanapaccuṭṭhānaañjalikammasāmīcikammaṃ karissāma. Evaṃ amhākaṃ sākiyānaṃ sākiyamāno nimmānāyissatī’’ti .
时,那些释迦王子带着理发师伍巴离前往世尊处,抵达后礼敬世尊,在一旁坐下。在一旁坐下的那些释迦王子对世尊如此说:「世尊,我们释迦人是傲慢的。世尊,这位理发师伍巴离长久以来是我们的侍者。世尊,请先让他出家。我们将对他行礼敬、起迎、合掌、应作之事。如此我们释迦人的释迦慢将被降伏。」
Atha kho bhagavā upāliṃ kappakaṃ paṭhamaṃ pabbājesi, pacchā te sakyakumāre. Atha kho āyasmā bhaddiyo teneva antaravassena tisso vijjā sacchākāsi. Āyasmā anuruddho dibbacakkhuṃ uppādesi. Āyasmā ānando sotāpattiphalaṃ sacchākāsi. Devadatto pothujjanikaṃ iddhiṃ abhinipphādesi.
时,世尊先让理发师伍巴离出家,之后让那些释迦王子出家。时,具寿跋提在那雨安居期间证得三明。具寿阿奴卢塔生起天眼。具寿阿难证得入流果。迭瓦达德产生凡夫的神通。
§332
Tena kho pana samayena āyasmā bhaddiyo araññagatopi rukkhamūlagatopi suññāgāragatopi abhikkhaṇaṃ udānaṃ udānesi – ‘‘aho sukhaṃ, aho sukha’’nti. Atha kho sambahulā bhikkhū yena bhagavā tenupasaṅkamiṃsu, upasaṅkamitvā bhagavantaṃ abhivādetvā ekamantaṃ nisīdiṃsu. Ekamantaṃ nisinnā kho te bhikkhū bhagavantaṃ etadavocuṃ – ‘‘āyasmā, bhante, bhaddiyo araññagatopi rukkhamūlagatopi suññāgāragatopi abhikkhaṇaṃ udānaṃ udānesi – ‘aho sukhaṃ, aho sukha’nti. Nissaṃsayaṃ kho, bhante, āyasmā bhaddiyo anabhiratova brahmacariyaṃ carati. Taṃyeva vā purimaṃ rajjasukhaṃ samanussaranto araññagatopi rukkhamūlagatopi suññāgāragatopi abhikkhaṇaṃ udānaṃ udānesi – ‘aho sukhaṃ, aho sukha’’’nti.
尔时,具寿跋提无论去到森林、去到树下、去到空屋,常常发出优陀那:「啊,快乐!啊,快乐!」时,众多比库前往世尊处,抵达后礼敬世尊,在一旁坐下。在一旁坐下的那些比库对世尊如此说:「世尊,具寿跋提无论去到森林、去到树下、去到空屋,常常发出优陀那:『啊,快乐!啊,快乐!』世尊,毫无疑问,具寿跋提不喜悦地行梵行。他忆念以前的王位之乐,无论去到森林、去到树下、去到空屋,常常发出优陀那:『啊,快乐!啊,快乐!』」
Atha kho bhagavā aññataraṃ bhikkhuṃ āmantesi – ‘‘ehi tvaṃ, bhikkhu, mama vacanena bhaddiyaṃ bhikkhuṃ āmantehi – ‘satthā taṃ, āvuso bhaddiya, āmantetī’’’ti . ‘‘Evaṃ bhante’’ti kho so bhikkhu bhagavato paṭissutvā yenāyasmā bhaddiyo tenupasaṅkami, upasaṅkamitvā āyasmantaṃ bhaddiyaṃ etadavoca – ‘‘satthā taṃ, āvuso bhaddiya, āmantetī’’ti. ‘‘Evamāvuso’’ti kho āyasmā bhaddiyo tassa bhikkhuno paṭissutvā yena bhagavā tenupasaṅkami, upasaṅkamitvā bhagavantaṃ abhivādetvā ekamantaṃ nisīdi. Ekamantaṃ nisinnaṃ kho āyasmantaṃ bhaddiyaṃ bhagavā etadavoca – ‘‘saccaṃ kira tvaṃ, bhaddiya, araññagatopi rukkhamūlagatopi suññāgāragatopi abhikkhaṇaṃ udānaṃ udānesi – ‘aho sukhaṃ, aho sukha’’’nti? ‘‘Evaṃ bhante’’ti. ‘‘Kiṃ pana tvaṃ, bhaddiya, atthavasaṃ sampassamāno araññagatopi rukkhamūlagatopi suññāgāragatopi abhikkhaṇaṃ udānaṃ udānesi – ‘aho sukhaṃ aho sukha’’’nti? ‘‘Pubbe me, bhante, rañño satopi antopi antepure rakkhā susaṃvihitā hoti, bahipi antepure rakkhā susaṃvihitā hoti, antopi nagare rakkhā susaṃvihitā hoti, bahipi nagare rakkhā susaṃvihitā hoti, antopi janapade rakkhā susaṃvihitā hoti, bahipi janapade rakkhā susaṃvihitā hoti. So kho ahaṃ, bhante, evaṃ rakkhitopi gopitopi santo bhīto ubbiggo ussaṅkī utrasto viharāmi. Etarahi kho pana ahaṃ eko, bhante, araññagatopi rukkhamūlagatopi suññāgāragatopi abhīto anubbiggo anussaṅkī anutrasto appossukko pannalomo paradattavutto migabhūtena cetasā viharāmīti. Imaṃ kho ahaṃ, bhante, atthavasaṃ sampassamāno araññagatopi rukkhamūlagatopi suññāgāragatopi abhikkhaṇaṃ udānaṃ udānemi – ‘aho sukhaṃ, aho sukha’’’nti. Atha kho bhagavā etamatthaṃ viditvā tāyaṃ velāyaṃ imaṃ udānaṃ udānesi –
时,世尊呼唤某位比库:「来吧,比库,你以我的名义呼唤跋提比库:『跋提贤友,导师呼唤你。』」「是的,世尊。」那位比库应诺世尊后,前往具寿跋提处,抵达后对具寿跋提如此说:「跋提贤友,导师呼唤你。」「是的,贤友。」具寿跋提应诺那位比库后,前往世尊处,抵达后礼敬世尊,在一旁坐下。世尊对在一旁坐下的具寿跋提如此说:「跋提,据说你无论去到森林、去到树下、去到空屋,常常发出优陀那:『啊,快乐!啊,快乐!』这是真的吗?」「是的,世尊。」「跋提,你见到什么义理,无论去到森林、去到树下、去到空屋,常常发出优陀那:『啊,快乐!啊,快乐!』?」「世尊,以前我作王时,在内宫中守卫善为安置,在内宫外守卫善为安置,在城内守卫善为安置,在城外守卫善为安置,在国内守卫善为安置,在国外守卫善为安置。世尊,我虽然如此被守护、被保护,却住于恐惧、惊慌、疑虑、惊恐。世尊,然而现今我独自一人,无论去到森林、去到树下、去到空屋,住于无恐惧、无惊慌、无疑虑、无惊恐、少事务、轻安、依他人所施而活、以如鹿之心而住。世尊,我见到这个义理,无论去到森林、去到树下、去到空屋,常常发出优陀那:『啊,快乐!啊,快乐!』」时,世尊了知此义后,在那时刻发出此优陀那——
‘‘Yassantarato na santi kopā, iti bhavābhavatañca vītivatto;
「其内无有诸忿怒,已超越如此有与非有,
Taṃ vigatabhayaṃ sukhiṃ asokaṃ, devā nānubhavanti dassanāyā’’ti.
彼离怖畏、安乐、无忧,诸天不能见其等同。」
Devadattavatthu迭瓦达德事
§333
Atha kho bhagavā anupiyāyaṃ yathābhirantaṃ viharitvā yena kosambī tena cārikaṃ pakkāmi. Anupubbena cārikaṃ caramāno yena kosambī tadavasari. Tatra sudaṃ bhagavā kosambiyaṃ viharati ghositārāme. Atha kho devadattassa rahogatassa paṭisallīnassa evaṃ cetaso parivitakko udapādi – ‘‘kaṃ nu kho ahaṃ pasādeyyaṃ, yasmiṃ me pasanne bahulābhasakkāro uppajjeyyā’’ti? Atha kho devadattassa etadahosi – ‘‘ayaṃ kho ajātasattu kumāro taruṇo ceva āyatiṃ bhaddo ca. Yaṃnūnāhaṃ ajātasattuṃ kumāraṃ pasādeyyaṃ. Tasmiṃ me pasanne bahulābhasakkāro uppajjissatī’’ti.
那时,世尊在阿奴比亚随意住后,向国桑比出发游行。次第游行,抵达国桑比。在那里,世尊住在国桑比的瞿师多园。那时,迭瓦达德独自远离、独坐时,心中生起如此寻思:「我应令谁欢喜,当我令其欢喜时,能生起大量的利养恭敬?」那时,迭瓦达德如此想:「这位未生怨王子既年轻,未来又有福。我何不令未生怨王子欢喜?当我令其欢喜时,将生起大量的利养恭敬。」
Atha kho devadatto senāsanaṃ saṃsāmetvā pattacīvaramādāya yena rājagahaṃ tena pakkāmi. Anupubbena yena rājagahaṃ tadavasari. Atha kho devadatto sakavaṇṇaṃ paṭisaṃharitvā kumārakavaṇṇaṃ abhinimminitvā ahimekhalikāya ajātasattussa kumārassa ucchaṅge pāturahosi. Atha kho ajātasattu kumāro bhīto ahosi, ubbiggo ussaṅkī utrasto. Atha kho devadatto ajātasattuṃ kumāraṃ etadavoca – ‘‘bhāyasi maṃ tvaṃ kumārā’’ti? ‘‘Āma, bhāyāmi. Kosi tva’’nti? ‘‘Ahaṃ devadatto’’ti. ‘‘Sace kho tvaṃ, bhante, ayyo devadatto, iṅgha sakeneva vaṇṇena pātubhavassū’’ti. Atha kho devadatto kumārakavaṇṇaṃ paṭisaṃharitvā saṅghāṭipattacīvaradharo ajātasattussa kumārassa purato aṭṭhāsi. Atha kho ajātasattu kumāro devadattassa iminā iddhipāṭihāriyena abhippasanno pañcahi rathasatehi sāyaṃ pātaṃ upaṭṭhānaṃ gacchati, pañca ca thālipākasatāni bhattābhihāro abhiharīyati. Atha kho devadattassa lābhasakkārasilokena abhibhūtassa pariyādinnacittassa evarūpaṃ icchāgataṃ uppajji – ‘‘ahaṃ bhikkhusaṅghaṃ pariharissāmī’’ti . Saha cittuppādāva devadatto tassā iddhiyā parihāyi.
那时,迭瓦达德收拾住处,取钵与衣后,向王舍城出发。次第抵达王舍城。那时,迭瓦达德隐藏自己的容貌,化作童子的容貌,以蛇作腰带,出现在未生怨王子的膝上。那时,未生怨王子恐惧、惊慌、疑虑、害怕。那时,迭瓦达德对未生怨王子如此说:「王子,你怕我吗?」「是的,我怕。你是谁?」「我是迭瓦达德。」「尊者,如果您是尊者迭瓦达德,请以自己的容貌出现。」那时,迭瓦达德隐藏童子的容貌,身着桑喀帝、持钵与衣,站在未生怨王子面前。那时,未生怨王子因迭瓦达德的这个神变而极为欢喜,每日早晚以五百辆车前往须跋,并供养五百钵食物。那时,迭瓦达德被利养恭敬名闻所征服、心被占据,生起如此欲求:「我将领导比库僧团。」与心生起同时,迭瓦达德即失去那神通。
Tena kho pana samayena kakudho nāma koḷiyaputto, āyasmato mahāmoggallānassa upaṭṭhāko, adhunā kālaṅkato aññataraṃ manomayaṃ kāyaṃ upapanno. Tassa evarūpo attabhāvappaṭilābho hoti – seyyathāpi nāma dve vā tīṇi vā māgadhakāni gāmakkhettāni. So tena attabhāvappaṭilābhena neva attānaṃ na paraṃ byābādheti. Atha kho kakudho devaputto yenāyasmā mahāmoggallāno tenupasaṅkami, upasaṅkamitvā āyasmantaṃ mahāmoggallānaṃ abhivādetvā ekamantaṃ aṭṭhāsi. Ekamantaṃ ṭhito kho kakudho devaputto āyasmantaṃ mahāmoggallānaṃ etadavoca – ‘‘devadattassa, bhante, lābhasakkārasilokena abhibhūtassa pariyādinnacittassa evarūpaṃ icchāgataṃ uppajji – ‘ahaṃ bhikkhusaṅghaṃ pariharissāmī’ti. Saha cittuppādāva bhante, devadatto tassā iddhiyā parihīno’’ti. Idamavoca kakudho devaputto. Idaṃ vatvā āyasmantaṃ mahāmoggallānaṃ abhivādetvā padakkhiṇaṃ katvā tattheva antaradhāyi.
尔时,名为咖古多的拘利子,是具寿大摩嘎剌那的侍者,刚命终后投生到某个意成身。他获得如此身体:譬如两个或三个马嘎达的村落田地。他以那身体既不恼害自己也不恼害他人。那时,咖古多天人来到具寿大摩嘎剌那处,到达后,礼敬具寿大摩嘎剌那,站立一旁。站立一旁的咖古多天人对具寿大摩嘎剌那如此说:「尊者,迭瓦达德被利养恭敬名闻所征服、心被占据,生起如此欲求:『我将领导比库僧团。』尊者,与心生起同时,迭瓦达德即失去那神通。」咖古多天人说了此语。说此后,礼敬具寿大摩嘎剌那,作右绕,即于彼处隐没。
Atha kho āyasmā mahāmoggallāno yena bhagavā tenupasaṅkami , upasaṅkamitvā bhagavantaṃ abhivādetvā ekamantaṃ nisīdi . Ekamantaṃ nisinno kho āyasmā mahāmoggallāno bhagavantaṃ etadavoca – ‘‘kakudho nāma, bhante, koḷiyaputto mama upaṭṭhāko adhunā kālaṅkato aññataraṃ manomayaṃ kāyaṃ upapanno. Tassa evarūpo attabhāvappaṭilābho – seyyathāpi nāma dve vā tīṇi vā māgadhakāni gāmakkhettāni. So tena attabhāvappaṭilābhena neva attānaṃ na paraṃ byābādheti. Atha kho, bhante, kakudho devaputto yenāhaṃ tenupasaṅkami, upasaṅkamitvā maṃ abhivādetvā ekamantaṃ aṭṭhāsi. Ekamantaṃ ṭhito kho, bhante, kakudho devaputto maṃ etadavoca – ‘devadattassa, bhante, lābhasakkārasilokena abhibhūtassa pariyādinnacittassa evarūpaṃ icchāgataṃ uppajji – ahaṃ bhikkhusaṅghaṃ pariharissāmīti. Saha cittuppādāva bhante, devadatto tassā iddhiyā parihīno’ti. Idamavoca, bhante, kakudho devaputto. Idaṃ vatvā maṃ abhivādetvā padakkhiṇaṃ katvā tattheva antaradhāyī’’ti.
那时,具寿大摩嘎剌那来到世尊处,到达后,礼敬世尊,坐于一旁。坐于一旁的具寿大摩嘎剌那对世尊如此说:「世尊,名为咖古多的拘利子,我的侍者,刚命终后投生到某个意成身。他获得如此身体:譬如两个或三个马嘎达的村落田地。他以那身体既不恼害自己也不恼害他人。世尊,那时咖古多天人来到我处,到达后,礼敬我,站立一旁。世尊,站立一旁的咖古多天人对我如此说:『尊者,迭瓦达德被利养恭敬名闻所征服、心被占据,生起如此欲求:我将领导比库僧团。尊者,与心生起同时,迭瓦达德即失去那神通。』世尊,咖古多天人说了此语。说此后,礼敬我,作右绕,即于彼处隐没。」
‘‘Kiṃ pana te, moggallāna, kakudho devaputto cetasā ceto paricca vidito? Yaṃ kiñci kakudho devaputto bhāsati sabbaṃ taṃ tatheva hoti, no aññathā’’ti? ‘‘Cetasā ceto paricca vidito ca me, bhante, kakudho devaputto. Yaṃ kiñci kakudho devaputto bhāsati sabbaṃ taṃ tatheva hoti, no aññathā’’ti. ‘‘Rakkhassetaṃ, moggallāna, vācaṃ. Rakkhassetaṃ, moggallāna, vācaṃ. Idāni so moghapuriso attanāva attānaṃ pātukarissati.
「摩嘎剌那,你以心遍知咖古多天人的心吗?咖古多天人所说的一切,都是如此,而非其他吗?」「世尊,我以心遍知咖古多天人的心。咖古多天人所说的一切,都是如此,而非其他。」「摩嘎剌那,守护此语。摩嘎剌那,守护此语。现在那愚人将自己显露自己。
Pañcasatthukathā五百人论
§334
‘‘Pañcime , moggallāna, satthāro santo saṃvijjamānā lokasmiṃ. Katame pañca? ‘‘Idha, moggallāna, ekacco satthā aparisuddhasīlo samāno ‘parisuddhasīlomhī’ti paṭijānāti ‘parisuddhaṃ me sīlaṃ pariyodātaṃ asaṃkiliṭṭha’nti. Tamenaṃ sāvakā evaṃ jānanti – ‘ayaṃ kho bhavaṃ satthā aparisuddhasīlo samāno ‘parisuddhasīlomhī’ti paṭijānāti ‘parisuddhaṃ me sīlaṃ pariyodātaṃ asaṃkiliṭṭha’nti ca. Mayañceva kho pana gihīnaṃ āroceyyāma, nāssassa manāpaṃ. Yaṃ kho panassa amanāpaṃ, kathaṃ naṃ mayaṃ tena samudācareyyāma? Sammannati kho pana cīvarapiṇḍapātasenāsanagilānappaccayabhesajjaparikkhārena – yaṃ tumo karissati, tumova tena paññāyissatī’ti. Evarūpaṃ kho, moggallāna, satthāraṃ sāvakā sīlato rakkhanti; evarūpo ca pana satthā sāvakehi sīlato rakkhaṃ paccāsīsati .
「摩嘎剌那,世间有此五种导师存在。哪五种?「摩嘎剌那,这里,某位导师戒不清净,却自称『我戒清净』,『我的戒清净、洁白、无染』。其弟子如此知道:『这位尊者导师戒不清净,却自称我戒清净,我的戒清净、洁白、无染。我们若向在家人告知,他将不欢喜。对他不欢喜的事,我们如何以此对待他?况且他受用衣、食、住处、病人所需医药资具——你将做什么,你自己将以此被知。』摩嘎剌那,弟子们以戒守护如此导师;如此导师也期待弟子们以戒守护。
‘‘Puna caparaṃ, moggallāna, idhekacco satthā aparisuddhājīvo samāno ‘parisuddhājīvomhī’ti paṭijānāti ‘parisuddho me ājīvo pariyodāto asaṃkiliṭṭho’ti ca. Tamenaṃ sāvakā evaṃ jānanti – ‘ayaṃ kho bhavaṃ satthā aparisuddhājīvo samāno ‘parisuddhājīvomhī’ti paṭijānāti ‘parisuddho me ājīvo pariyodāto asaṃkiliṭṭho’ti ca. Mayañceva kho pana gihīnaṃ āroceyyāma, nāssassa manāpaṃ. Yaṃ kho panassa amanāpaṃ, kathaṃ na mayaṃ tena samudācareyyāma? Sammannati kho pana cīvarapiṇḍapātasenāsanagilānappaccayabhesajjaparikkhārena – yaṃ tumo karissati, tumova tena paññāyissatī’ti. Evarūpaṃ kho, moggallāna, satthāraṃ sāvakā ājīvato rakkhanti; evarūpo ca pana satthā sāvakehi ājīvato rakkhaṃ paccāsīsati.
「复次,摩嘎剌那,此处某位导师,不清净活命者,却自称『我是清净活命者』,『我的活命清净、纯净、无染』。他的弟子们如此知道——『这位尊者导师,不清净活命者,却自称「我是清净活命者」,「我的活命清净、纯净、无染」。若我们向在家人告知,这对他不会是可意的。而对他不可意的事,我们怎能以此对待他呢?况且他受用衣、食、坐卧处、病者所需的医药资具——你将做什么,你自己将以此而被知』。如是,摩嘎剌那,弟子们从活命方面保护这样的导师;而这样的导师也期望弟子们从活命方面保护。」
‘‘Puna caparaṃ, moggallāna, idhekacco satthā aparisuddhadhammadesano samāno ‘parisuddhadhammadesanomhī’ti paṭijānāti ‘parisuddhā me dhammadesanā pariyodātā asaṃkiliṭṭhā’ti ca . Tamenaṃ sāvakā evaṃ jānanti – ‘ayaṃ kho bhavaṃ satthā aparisuddhadhammadesano samāno ‘parisuddhadhammadesanomhī’ti paṭijānāti ‘parisuddhā me dhammadesanā pariyodātā asaṃkiliṭṭhā’ti ca. Mayañceva kho pana gihīnaṃ āroceyyāma, nāssassa manāpaṃ. Yaṃ kho panassa amanāpaṃ, kathaṃ naṃ mayaṃ tena samudācareyyāma? Sammannati kho pana cīvarapiṇḍapātasenāsanagilānappaccayabhesajjaparikkhārena – yaṃ tumo karissati, tumova tena paññāyissatī’ti. Evarūpaṃ kho, moggallāna, satthāraṃ sāvakā dhammadesanato rakkhanti; evarūpo ca pana satthā sāvakehi dhammadesanato rakkhaṃ paccāsīsati.
「复次,摩嘎剌那,此处某位导师,不清净说法者,却自称『我是清净说法者』,『我的说法清净、纯净、无染』。他的弟子们如此知道——『这位尊者导师,不清净说法者,却自称「我是清净说法者」,「我的说法清净、纯净、无染」。若我们向在家人告知,这对他不会是可意的。而对他不可意的事,我们怎能以此对待他呢?况且他受用衣、食、坐卧处、病者所需的医药资具——你将做什么,你自己将以此而被知』。如是,摩嘎剌那,弟子们从说法方面保护这样的导师;而这样的导师也期望弟子们从说法方面保护。」
‘‘Puna caparaṃ, moggallāna, idhekacco satthā aparisuddhaveyyākaraṇo samāno ‘parisuddhaveyyākaraṇomhī’ti paṭijānāti ‘parisuddhaṃ me veyyākaraṇaṃ pariyodātaṃ asaṃkiliṭṭha’nti ca. Tamenaṃ sāvakā evaṃ jānanti – ‘ayaṃ kho bhavaṃ satthā aparisuddhaveyyākaraṇo samāno ‘parisuddhaveyyākaraṇomhī’ti paṭijānāti ‘parisuddhaṃ me veyyākaraṇaṃ pariyodātaṃ asaṃkiliṭṭha’nti ca. Mayañceva kho pana gihīnaṃ āroceyyāma, nāssassa manāpaṃ. Yaṃ kho panassa amanāpaṃ, kathaṃ naṃ mayaṃ tena samudācareyyāma? Sammannati kho pana cīvarapiṇḍapātasenāsanagilānappaccayabhesajjaparikkhārena – yaṃ tumo karissati, tumova tena paññāyissatī’ti. Evarūpaṃ kho, moggallāna, satthāraṃ sāvakā veyyākaraṇato rakkhanti; evarūpo ca pana satthā sāvakehi veyyākaraṇato rakkhaṃ paccāsīsati.
「复次,摩嘎剌那,此处某位导师,不清净解答者,却自称『我是清净解答者』,『我的解答清净、纯净、无染』。他的弟子们如此知道——『这位尊者导师,不清净解答者,却自称「我是清净解答者」,「我的解答清净、纯净、无染」。若我们向在家人告知,这对他不会是可意的。而对他不可意的事,我们怎能以此对待他呢?况且他受用衣、食、坐卧处、病者所需的医药资具——你将做什么,你自己将以此而被知』。如是,摩嘎剌那,弟子们从解答方面保护这样的导师;而这样的导师也期望弟子们从解答方面保护。」
‘‘Puna caparaṃ, moggallāna, idhekacco satthā aparisuddhañāṇadassano samāno ‘parisuddhañāṇadassanomhī’ti paṭijānāti ‘parisuddhaṃ me ñāṇadassanaṃ pariyodātaṃ asaṃkiliṭṭha’nti ca. Tamenaṃ sāvakā evaṃ jānanti – ‘ayaṃ kho bhavaṃ satthā aparisuddhañāṇadassano samāno ‘parisuddhañāṇadassanomhī’ti paṭijānāti ‘parisuddhaṃ me ñāṇadassanaṃ pariyodātaṃ asaṃkiliṭṭha’nti ca. Mayañceva kho pana gihīnaṃ āroceyyāma, nāssassa manāpaṃ. Yaṃ kho panassa amanāpaṃ, kathaṃ naṃ mayaṃ tena samudācareyyāma? Sammannati kho pana cīvarapiṇḍapātasenāsanagilānappaccayabhesajjaparikkhārena – yaṃ tumo karissati, tumova tena paññāyissatī’ti. Evarūpaṃ kho, moggallāna, satthāraṃ sāvakā ñāṇadassanato rakkhanti; evarūpo ca pana satthā sāvakehi ñāṇadassanato rakkhaṃ paccāsīsatīti. Ime kho, moggallāna, pañca satthāro santo saṃvijjamānā lokasmiṃ.
「复次,摩嘎剌那,此处某位导师,不清净智见者,却自称『我是清净智见者』,『我的智见清净、纯净、无染』。他的弟子们如此知道——『这位尊者导师,不清净智见者,却自称「我是清净智见者」,「我的智见清净、纯净、无染」。若我们向在家人告知,这对他不会是可意的。而对他不可意的事,我们怎能以此对待他呢?况且他受用衣、食、坐卧处、病者所需的医药资具——你将做什么,你自己将以此而被知』。如是,摩嘎剌那,弟子们从智见方面保护这样的导师;而这样的导师也期望弟子们从智见方面保护。摩嘎剌那,这些是存在、出现于世间的五种导师。」
‘‘Ahaṃ kho pana, moggallāna, parisuddhasīlo samāno ‘parisuddhasīlomhī’ti paṭijānāmi ‘parisuddhaṃ me sīlaṃ pariyodātaṃ asaṃkiliṭṭha’nti ca. Na ca maṃ sāvakā sīlato rakkhanti; na cāhaṃ sāvakehi sīlato rakkhaṃ paccāsīsāmi. Parisuddhājīvo samāno…pe… parisuddhadhammadesano samāno…pe… parisuddhaveyyākaraṇo samāno…pe… parisuddhañāṇadassano samāno ‘parisuddhañāṇadassanomhī’ti paṭijānāmi ‘parisuddhaṃ me ñāṇadassanaṃ pariyodātaṃ asaṃkiliṭṭha’nti ca. Na ca maṃ sāvakā ñāṇadassanato rakkhanti; na cāhaṃ sāvakehi ñāṇadassanato rakkhaṃ paccāsīsāmī’’ti.
「然而,摩嘎剌那,我是清净戒者,自称『我是清净戒者』,『我的戒清净、纯净、无染』。弟子们不从戒方面保护我;我也不期望弟子们从戒方面保护。我是清净活命者……我是清净说法者……我是清净解答者……我是清净智见者,自称『我是清净智见者』,『我的智见清净、纯净、无染』。弟子们不从智见方面保护我;我也不期望弟子们从智见方面保护。」
§335
Atha kho bhagavā kosambiyaṃ yathābhirantaṃ viharitvā yena rājagahaṃ tena cārikaṃ pakkāmi. Anupubbena cārikaṃ caramāno yena rājagahaṃ tadavasari. Tatra sudaṃ bhagavā rājagahe viharati veḷuvane kalandakanivāpe. Atha kho sambahulā bhikkhū yena bhagavā tenupasaṅkamiṃsu, upasaṅkamitvā bhagavantaṃ abhivādetvā ekamantaṃ nisīdiṃsu. Ekamantaṃ nisinnā kho te bhikkhū bhagavantaṃ etadavocuṃ – ‘‘devadattassa, bhante, ajātasattu kumāro pañcahi rathasatehi sāyaṃ pātaṃ upaṭṭhānaṃ gacchati; pañca ca thālipākasatāni bhattābhihāro abhiharīyatī’’ti. ‘‘Mā, bhikkhave, devadattassa lābhasakkārasilokaṃ pihayittha. Yāvakīvañca, bhikkhave , devadattassa ajātasattu kumāro pañcahi rathasatehi sāyaṃ pātaṃ upaṭṭhānaṃ gamissati , pañca ca thālipākasatāni bhattābhihāro abhiharīyissati, hāniyeva, bhikkhave, devadattassa pāṭikaṅkhā kusalesu dhammesu, no vuḍḍhi.
那时,世尊在国桑比随意住已,向王舍城出发游行。渐次游行,抵达王舍城。在那里,世尊住在王舍城竹林栗鼠饲养处。那时,众多比库们前往世尊处,抵达后,礼敬世尊,坐于一旁。坐于一旁的那些比库们对世尊如此说:「大德,未生怨王子每日早晚以五百辆车前往须跋迭瓦达德;并且送来五百钵食物作为食物供养。」「诸比库,不要羡慕迭瓦达德的利养、恭敬、名声。诸比库,只要未生怨王子每日早晚以五百辆车前往须跋迭瓦达德,并且送来五百钵食物作为食物供养,诸比库,迭瓦达德在善法上应当期待的只是衰退,而非增长。」
‘‘Seyyathāpi , bhikkhave, caṇḍassa kukkurassa nāsāya pittaṃ bhindeyyuṃ, evañhi so, bhikkhave, kukkuro bhiyyosomattāya caṇḍataro assa, evameva kho, bhikkhave, yāvakīvañca devadattassa ajātasattu kumāro pañcahi rathasatehi sāyaṃ pātaṃ upaṭṭhānaṃ gamissati, pañca ca thālipākasatāni bhattābhihāro abhiharīyissati, hāniyeva, bhikkhave, devadattassa pāṭikaṅkhā kusalesu dhammesu, no vuḍḍhi.
「诸比库,譬如有人刺破凶恶狗的鼻子使胆汁流出,诸比库,那只狗会变得更加凶恶;同样地,诸比库,只要未生怨王子每日早晚以五百辆车前往须跋迭瓦达德,并且送来五百钵食物作为食物供养,诸比库,迭瓦达德在善法上应当期待的只是衰退,而非增长。」
‘‘Attavadhāya, bhikkhave, devadattassa lābhasakkārasiloko udapādi, parābhavāya devadattassa lābhasakkārasiloko udapādi.
「诸比库,迭瓦达德的利养、恭敬、名声生起是为了自我毁灭,迭瓦达德的利养、恭敬、名声生起是为了败亡。」
‘‘Seyyathāpi, bhikkhave, kadalī attavadhāya phalaṃ deti, parābhavāya phalaṃ deti, evameva kho, bhikkhave, attavadhāya devadattassa lābhasakkārasiloko udapādi, parābhavāya devadattassa lābhasakkārasiloko udapādi.
「诸比库,譬如芭蕉为自己的毁灭而结果,为自己的败亡而结果,诸比库,同样地,迭瓦达德的利养、恭敬、名声生起是为了自己的毁灭,迭瓦达德的利养、恭敬、名声生起是为了自己的败亡。
‘‘Seyyathāpi , bhikkhave, veḷu attavadhāya phalaṃ deti, parābhavāya phalaṃ deti, evameva kho, bhikkhave, attavadhāya devadattassa lābhasakkārasiloko udapādi, parābhavāya devadattassa lābhasakkārasiloko udapādi.
「诸比库,譬如竹子为自己的毁灭而结果,为自己的败亡而结果,诸比库,同样地,迭瓦达德的利养、恭敬、名声生起是为了自己的毁灭,迭瓦达德的利养、恭敬、名声生起是为了自己的败亡。
‘‘Seyyathāpi, bhikkhave, naḷo attavadhāya phalaṃ deti, parābhavāya phalaṃ deti, evameva kho, bhikkhave, attavadhāya devadattassa lābhasakkārasiloko udapādi, parābhavāya devadattassa lābhasakkārasiloko udapādi .
「诸比库,譬如芦苇为自己的毁灭而结果,为自己的败亡而结果,诸比库,同样地,迭瓦达德的利养、恭敬、名声生起是为了自己的毁灭,迭瓦达德的利养、恭敬、名声生起是为了自己的败亡。
‘‘Seyyathāpi, bhikkhave, assatarī attavadhāya gabbhaṃ gaṇhāti, parābhavāya gabbhaṃ gaṇhāti, evameva kho, bhikkhave, attavadhāya devadattassa lābhasakkārasiloko udapādi, parābhavāya devadattassa lābhasakkārasiloko udapādī’’ti.
「诸比库,譬如母骡为自己的毁灭而怀胎,为自己的败亡而怀胎,诸比库,同样地,迭瓦达德的利养、恭敬、名声生起是为了自己的毁灭,迭瓦达德的利养、恭敬、名声生起是为了自己的败亡。」
‘‘Phalaṃ ve kadaliṃ hanti, phalaṃ veḷuṃ phalaṃ naḷaṃ;
「果实杀害芭蕉,果实杀害竹子,果实杀害芦苇;
Sakkāro kāpurisaṃ hanti, gabbho assatariṃ yathā’’ti.
恭敬杀害恶人,如胎儿杀害母骡。」
Paṭhamabhāṇavāro niṭṭhito. · 第一诵品完
2. Dutiyabhāṇavāro2. 第二诵品
Pakāsanīyakammaṃ公开甘马
§336
Tena kho pana samayena bhagavā mahatiyā parisāya parivuto dhammaṃ desento nisinno hoti sarājikāya parisāya. Atha kho devadatto uṭṭhāyāsanā ekaṃsaṃ uttarāsaṅgaṃ karitvā yena bhagavā tenañjaliṃ paṇāmetvā bhagavantaṃ etadavoca – ‘‘jiṇṇo dāni, bhante, bhagavā vuḍḍho mahallako addhagato vayoanuppatto. Appossukko dāni, bhante, bhagavā diṭṭhadhammasukhavihāraṃ anuyutto viharatu, mamaṃ bhikkhusaṅghaṃ nissajjatu. Ahaṃ bhikkhusaṅghaṃ pariharissāmī’’ti. ‘‘Alaṃ, devadatta, mā te rucci bhikkhusaṅghaṃ pariharitu’’nti. Dutiyampi kho devadatto…pe… tatiyampi kho devadatto bhagavantaṃ etadavoca – ‘‘jiṇṇo dāni, bhante, bhagavā vuḍḍho mahallako addhagato vayoanuppatto. Appossukko dāni, bhante, bhagavā diṭṭhadhammasukhavihāraṃ anuyutto viharatu, mamaṃ bhikkhusaṅghaṃ nissajjatu. Ahaṃ bhikkhusaṅghaṃ pariharissāmī’’ti. ‘‘Sāriputtamoggallānānampi kho ahaṃ, devadatta, bhikkhusaṅghaṃ na nissajjeyyaṃ , kiṃ pana tuyhaṃ chavassa kheḷāsakassā’’ti! Atha kho devadatto – sarājikāya maṃ bhagavā parisāya kheḷāsakavādena apasādeti, sāriputtamoggallāneva ukkaṃsatīti – kupito anattamano bhagavantaṃ abhivādetvā padakkhiṇaṃ katvā pakkāmi. Ayañcarahi devadattassa bhagavati paṭhamo āghāto ahosi.
尔时,世尊被大众围绕而坐着说法,那是有国王在内的众会。那时,迭瓦达德从座起立,将上衣偏袒一肩,向世尊合掌后对世尊这样说:「尊者,世尊现在已老、年迈、高龄、已到老年、已达寿限。尊者,现在世尊应少事务,致力于现法乐住而住,将比库僧团托付给我,我将照顾比库僧团。」「够了,迭瓦达德,请你不要喜欢照顾比库僧团。」第二次,迭瓦达德……乃至……第三次,迭瓦达德对世尊这样说:「尊者,世尊现在已老、年迈、高龄、已到老年、已达寿限。尊者,现在世尊应少事务,致力于现法乐住而住,将比库僧团托付给我,我将照顾比库僧团。」「迭瓦达德,我连沙利子、摩嘎喇那也不会托付比库僧团,何况是你这个尸体、唾液!」那时,迭瓦达德「世尊在有国王在内的众会中以唾液之语贬低我,却赞扬沙利子、摩嘎喇那」,愤怒、不悦,礼敬世尊后,行右绕礼而离去。这是迭瓦达德对世尊的第一次怨恨。
Atha kho bhagavā bhikkhū āmantesi – ‘‘tena hi, bhikkhave, saṅgho devadattassa rājagahe pakāsanīyaṃ kammaṃ karotu – ‘pubbe devadattassa aññā pakati ahosi, idāni aññā pakati. Yaṃ devadatto kareyya kāyena vācāya, na tena buddho vā dhammo vā saṅgho vā daṭṭhabbo, devadattova tena daṭṭhabbo’ti. Evañca pana, bhikkhave, kātabbaṃ. Byattena bhikkhunā paṭibalena saṅgho ñāpetabbo –
那时,世尊召唤诸比库:「诸比库,那么,僧团应对迭瓦达德在王舍城作公告甘马——『以前迭瓦达德的本性是一种,现在本性是另一种。迭瓦达德以身、以语所作的,不应以此见佛、见法、见僧团,应只以此见迭瓦达德。』诸比库,应如此作。应由精通、有能力的比库向僧团告知——」
§337
‘‘Suṇātu me, bhante, saṅgho. Yadi saṅghassa pattakallaṃ saṅgho devadattassa rājagahe pakāsanīyaṃ kammaṃ kareyya – ‘‘pubbe devadattassa aññā pakati ahosi, idāni aññā pakati. Yaṃ devadatto kareyya kāyena vācāya, na tena buddho vā dhammo vā saṅgho vā daṭṭhabbo, devadattova tena daṭṭhabbo’ti. Esā ñatti.
「尊者,请僧团听我说。若僧团认为适当,僧团应对迭瓦达德在王舍城作公告甘马——『以前迭瓦达德是另一种性质,现在是另一种性质。迭瓦达德以身或以语所作的,不应以此见佛、见法或见僧团,应只以此见迭瓦达德。』这是表白。」
‘‘Suṇātu me, bhante, saṅgho. Saṅgho devadattassa rājagahe pakāsanīyaṃ kammaṃ karoti – ‘pubbe devadattassa aññā pakati ahosi, idāni aññā pakati. Yaṃ devadatto kareyya kāyena vācāya, na tena buddho vā dhammo vā saṅgho vā daṭṭhabbo, devadattova tena daṭṭhabbo’ti. Yassāyasmato khamati devadattassa rājagahe pakāsanīyaṃ kammassa karaṇaṃ – ‘pubbe devadattassa aññā pakati ahosi, idāni aññā pakati, yaṃ devadatto kareyya kāyena vācāya, na tena buddho vā dhammo vā saṅgho vā daṭṭhabbo, devadattova tena daṭṭhabbo’ti – so tuṇhassa; yassa nakkhamati, so bhāseyya.
「尊者,请僧团听我说。僧团对迭瓦达德在王舍城作公告甘马——『以前迭瓦达德是另一种性质,现在是另一种性质。迭瓦达德以身或以语所作的,不应以此见佛、见法或见僧团,应只以此见迭瓦达德。』对迭瓦达德在王舍城作公告甘马——『以前迭瓦达德是另一种性质,现在是另一种性质,迭瓦达德以身或以语所作的,不应以此见佛、见法或见僧团,应只以此见迭瓦达德』——具寿认为适当者,请默然;不认为适当者,请说。」
‘‘Kataṃ saṅghena devadattassa rājagahe pakāsanīyaṃ kammaṃ – ‘pubbe devadattassa aññā pakati ahosi, idāni aññā pakati. Yaṃ devadatto kareyya kāyena vācāya, na tena buddho vā dhammo vā saṅgho vā daṭṭhabbo, devadattova tena daṭṭhabbo’ti. Khamati saṅghassa, tasmā tuṇhī, evametaṃ dhārayāmī’’ti.
「僧团已对迭瓦达德在王舍城作了公告甘马——『以前迭瓦达德是另一种性质,现在是另一种性质。迭瓦达德以身或以语所作的,不应以此见佛、见法或见僧团,应只以此见迭瓦达德。』僧团认为适当,因此默然,我如此持。」
§338
Atha kho bhagavā āyasmantaṃ sāriputtaṃ āmantesi – ‘‘tena hi tvaṃ, sāriputta, devadattaṃ rājagahe pakāsehī’’ti. ‘‘Pubbe mayā, bhante, devadattassa rājagahe vaṇṇo bhāsito – ‘mahiddhiko godhiputto, mahānubhāvo godhiputto’ti. Kathāhaṃ, bhante, devadattaṃ rājagahe pakāsemī’’ti? ‘‘Nanu tayā, sāriputta, bhūtoyeva devadattassa rājagahe vaṇṇo bhāsito – ‘mahiddhiko godhiputto, mahānubhāvo godhiputto’’’ ti? ‘‘Evaṃ bhante’’ti. ‘‘Evameva kho tvaṃ, sāriputta, bhūtaṃyeva devadattaṃ rājagahe pakāsehī’’ti. ‘‘Evaṃ bhante’’ti kho āyasmā sāriputto bhagavato paccassosi.
那时,世尊对具寿沙利子说:「那么,沙利子,你应在王舍城公告迭瓦达德。」「尊者,以前我在王舍城说了迭瓦达德的赞叹——『果德玛之子有大神通,果德玛之子有大威力。』尊者,我如何在王舍城公告迭瓦达德?」「沙利子,你不是在王舍城说了迭瓦达德真实的赞叹——『果德玛之子有大神通,果德玛之子有大威力』吗?」「是的,尊者。」「沙利子,同样地,你应在王舍城公告迭瓦达德真实的情况。」「是的,尊者。」具寿沙利子回答世尊。
Atha kho bhagavā bhikkhū āmantesi – ‘‘tena hi, bhikkhave, saṅgho sāriputtaṃ sammannatu devadattaṃ rājagahe pakāsetuṃ – ‘pubbe devadattassa aññā pakati ahosi, idāni aññā pakati. Yaṃ devadatto kareyya kāyena vācāya, na tena buddho vā dhammo vā saṅgho vā daṭṭhabbo, devadattova tena daṭṭhabbo’ti. Evañca pana, bhikkhave, sammannitabbo. Paṭhamaṃ sāriputto yācitabbo. Yācitvā byattena bhikkhunā paṭibalena saṅgho ñāpetabbo –
那时,世尊对诸比库说:「那么,诸比库,僧团应授权沙利子在王舍城公告迭瓦达德——『以前迭瓦达德是另一种性质,现在是另一种性质。迭瓦达德以身或以语所作的,不应以此见佛、见法或见僧团,应只以此见迭瓦达德。』诸比库,应如此授权:首先应请求沙利子。请求后,应由一位精明能干的比库告知僧团——
‘‘Suṇātu me, bhante, saṅgho. Yadi saṅghassa pattakallaṃ, saṅgho āyasmantaṃ sāriputtaṃ sammanneyya devadattaṃ rājagahe pakāsetuṃ – ‘pubbe devadattassa aññā pakati ahosi, idāni aññā pakati. Yaṃ devadatto kareyya kāyena vācāya, na tena buddho vā dhammo vā saṅgho vā daṭṭhabbo, devadattova tena daṭṭhabbo’ti. Esā ñatti.
「尊者,请僧团听我说。若僧团认为适当,僧团应授权具寿沙利子在王舍城公告迭瓦达德——『以前迭瓦达德是另一种性质,现在是另一种性质。迭瓦达德以身或以语所作的,不应以此见佛、见法或见僧团,应只以此见迭瓦达德。』这是表白。」
‘‘Suṇātu me, bhante, saṅgho. Saṅgho āyasmantaṃ sāriputtaṃ sammannati devadattaṃ rājagahe pakāsetuṃ – ‘pubbe devadattassa aññā pakati ahosi, idāni aññā pakati, yaṃ devadatto kareyya kāyena vācāya, na tena buddho vā dhammo vā saṅgho vā daṭṭhabbo, devadattova tena daṭṭhabbo’ti. Yassāyasmato khamati, āyasmato sāriputtassa sammuti devadattaṃ rājagahe pakāsetuṃ – ‘pubbe devadattassa aññā pakati ahosi, idāni aññā pakati, yaṃ devadatto kareyya kāyena vācāya, na tena buddho vā dhammo vā saṅgho vā daṭṭhabbo, devadattova tena daṭṭhabbo’ti – so tuṇhassa; yassa nakkhamati, so bhāseyya.
「尊者,请僧团听我说。僧团授权具寿沙利子在王舍城公告迭瓦达德——『以前迭瓦达德是另一种性质,现在是另一种性质,迭瓦达德以身或以语所作的,不应以此见佛、见法或见僧团,应只以此见迭瓦达德。』授权具寿沙利子在王舍城公告迭瓦达德——『以前迭瓦达德是另一种性质,现在是另一种性质,迭瓦达德以身或以语所作的,不应以此见佛、见法或见僧团,应只以此见迭瓦达德』——具寿认为适当者,请默然;不认为适当者,请说。」
‘‘Sammato saṅghena āyasmā sāriputto devadattaṃ rājagahe pakāsetuṃ – ‘pubbe devadattassa aññā pakati ahosi, idāni aññā pakati. Yaṃ devadatto kareyya kāyena vācāya, na tena buddho vā dhammo vā saṅgho vā daṭṭhabbo, devadattova tena daṭṭhabbo’ti. Khamati saṅghassa, tasmā tuṇhī, evametaṃ dhārayāmī’’ti.
「僧团已授权具寿沙利子在王舍城公告迭瓦达德——『以前迭瓦达德是另一种性质,现在是另一种性质。迭瓦达德以身或以语所作的,不应以此见佛、见法或见僧团,应只以此见迭瓦达德。』僧团认为适当,因此默然,我如此持。」
Sammato ca āyasmā sāriputto sambahulehi bhikkhūhi saddhiṃ rājagahaṃ pavisitvā devadattaṃ rājagahe pakāsesi – ‘‘pubbe devadattassa aññā pakati ahosi, idāni aññā pakati. Yaṃ devadatto kareyya kāyena vācāya, na tena buddho vā dhammo vā saṅgho vā daṭṭhabbo, devadattova tena daṭṭhabbo’’ti. Tattha ye te manussā assaddhā appasannā dubbuddhino, te evamāhaṃsu – ‘‘usūyakā ime samaṇā sakyaputtiyā devadattassa lābhasakkāraṃ usūyantī’’ti. Ye pana te manussā saddhā pasannā paṇḍitā byattā buddhimanto, te evamāhaṃsu – ‘‘na kho idaṃ orakaṃ bhavissati yathā bhagavā devadattaṃ rājagahe pakāsāpetī’’ti.
具寿沙利子与众多比库一起进入王舍城后,在王舍城宣告迭瓦达德——「以前迭瓦达德是一种性质,现在是另一种性质。迭瓦达德以身或以语所做的,不应以此看待佛、法或僧团,应只以此看待迭瓦达德本人。」在那里,那些无信、须跋信、恶慧的人们如此说——「这些萨咖之子的沙门嫉妒迭瓦达德的利养恭敬而嫉妒。」然而,那些有信、净信、贤明、聪慧、有智的人们如此说——「这不会是小事,世尊在王舍城宣告迭瓦达德。」
Ajātasattukumāravatthu未生怨王子事
§339
Atha kho devadatto yena ajātasattu kumāro tenupasaṅkami, upasaṅkamitvā ajātasattuṃ kumāraṃ etadavoca – ‘‘pubbe kho, kumāra, manussā dīghāyukā, etarahi appāyukā. Ṭhānaṃ kho panetaṃ vijjati yaṃ tvaṃ kumārova samāno kālaṃ kareyyāsi. Tena hi tvaṃ, kumāra, pitaraṃ hantvā rājā hohi. Ahaṃ bhagavantaṃ hantvā buddho bhavissāmī’’ti.
那时,迭瓦达德去到未生怨王子处,到了之后,对未生怨王子如此说——「王子,以前人们长寿,现在短寿。确实有可能你还是王子就命终。那么,王子,你杀父亲而成为王。我杀世尊而将成为佛。」
Atha kho ajātasattu kumāro – ayyo kho devadatto mahiddhiko mahānubhāvo, jāneyyāsi ayyo devadattoti – ūruyā potthanikaṃ bandhitvā divā divassa bhīto ubbiggo ussaṅkī utrasto sahasā antepuraṃ pāvisi. Addasāsuṃ kho antepure upacārakā mahāmattā ajātasattuṃ kumāraṃ divā divassa bhītaṃ ubbiggaṃ ussaṅkiṃ utrastaṃ sahasā antepuraṃ pavisantaṃ; disvāna aggahesuṃ. Te vicinantā ūruyā potthanikaṃ baddhaṃ disvāna ajātasattuṃ kumāraṃ etadavocuṃ – ‘‘kiṃ tvaṃ, kumāra, kattukāmosī’’ti? ‘‘Pitaramhi hantukāmo’’ti. ‘‘Kenāsi ussāhito’’ti? ‘‘Ayyena devadattenā’’ti. Ekacce mahāmattā evaṃ matiṃ akaṃsu – ‘‘kumāro ca hantabbo, devadatto ca, sabbe ca bhikkhū hantabbā’’ti. Ekacce mahāmattā evaṃ matiṃ akaṃsu – ‘‘na bhikkhū hantabbā. Na bhikkhū kiñci aparajjhanti. Kumāro ca hantabbo, devadatto cā’’ti. Ekacce mahāmattā evaṃ matiṃ akaṃsu – ‘‘na kumāro ca hantabbo, na devadatto. Na bhikkhū hantabbā. Rañño ārocetabbaṃ. Yathā rājā vakkhati tathā karissāmā’’ti.
那时,未生怨王子——「尊者迭瓦达德确实大神通、大威力,尊者迭瓦达德应该知道」——在大腿上绑了短刀,白天恐惧、惊慌、疑虑、害怕,突然进入内宫。内宫的侍从大臣们看见未生怨王子白天恐惧、惊慌、疑虑、害怕,突然进入内宫;看见后,抓住了他。他们审问时,看见大腿上绑着短刀后,对未生怨王子如此说——「王子,你想做什么?」「我想杀父亲。」「谁教唆你?」「尊者迭瓦达德。」一些大臣如此想——「王子应被杀,迭瓦达德应被杀,所有比库都应被杀。」一些大臣如此想——「比库们不应被杀。比库们没有任何过失。王子应被杀,迭瓦达德应被杀。」一些大臣如此想——「王子不应被杀,迭瓦达德不应被杀。比库们不应被杀。应禀告国王。我们将按国王所说的去做。」
Atha kho te mahāmattā ajātasattuṃ kumāraṃ ādāya yena rājā māgadho seniyo bimbisāro tenupasaṅkamiṃsu , upasaṅkamitvā rañño māgadhassa seniyassa bimbisārassa etamatthaṃ ārocesuṃ . ‘‘Kathaṃ, bhaṇe, mahāmattehi mati katā’’ti? ‘‘Ekacce, deva, mahāmattā evaṃ matiṃ akaṃsu – ‘kumāro ca hantabbo, devadatto ca, sabbe ca bhikkhū hantabbā’ti. Ekacce mahāmattā evaṃ matiṃ akaṃsu – ‘na bhikkhū hantabbā. Na bhikkhū kiñci aparajjhanti. Kumāro ca hantabbo, devadatto cā’ti. Ekacce mahāmattā evaṃ matiṃ akaṃsu – ‘na kumāro ca hantabbo, na devadatto. Na bhikkhū hantabbā. Rañño ārocetabbaṃ. Yathā rājā vakkhati tathā karissāmā’’’ti. ‘‘Kiṃ, bhaṇe, karissati buddho vā dhammo vā saṅgho vā? Nanu bhagavatā paṭikacceva devadatto rājagahe pakāsāpito – ‘pubbe devadattassa aññā pakati ahosi, idāni aññā pakati. Yaṃ devadatto kareyya kāyena vācāya, na tena buddho vā dhammo vā saṅgho vā daṭṭhabbo, devadattova tena daṭṭhabbo’’ti? Tattha ye te mahāmattā evaṃ matiṃ akaṃsu – ‘kumāro ca hantabbo devadatto ca; sabbe ca bhikkhū hantabbā’ti; te aṭṭhāne akāsi. Ye te mahāmattā evaṃ matiṃ akaṃsu – ‘na bhikkhū hantabbā; na bhikkhū kiñci aparajjhanti; kumāro ca hantabbo devadatto cā’ti; te nīce ṭhāne ṭhapesi. Ye te mahāmattā evaṃ matiṃ akaṃsu – ‘na kumāro ca hantabbo, na devadatto; na bhikkhū hantabbā; rañño ārocetabbaṃ; yathā rājā vakkhati tathā karissāmā’ti; te ucce ṭhāne ṭhapesi. Atha kho rājā māgadho seniyo bimbisāro ajātasattuṃ kumāraṃ etadavoca – ‘‘kissa maṃ tvaṃ, kumāra, hantukāmosī’’ti? ‘‘Rajjenāmhi, deva, atthiko’’ti. ‘‘Sace kho tvaṃ, kumāra, rajjena atthiko, etaṃ te rajja’’nti ajātasattussa kumārassa rajjaṃ niyyādesi.
那时,那些大臣带着未生怨王子去到马嘎塔国频毗沙罗王处,到了之后,向马嘎塔国频毗沙罗王报告此事。「大臣们,你们作了什么决定?」「大王,一些大臣如此想——『王子应被杀,迭瓦达德应被杀,所有比库都应被杀。』一些大臣如此想——『比库们不应被杀。比库们没有任何过失。王子应被杀,迭瓦达德应被杀。』一些大臣如此想——『王子不应被杀,迭瓦达德不应被杀。比库们不应被杀。应禀告国王。我们将按国王所说的去做。』」「大臣们,佛、法或僧团会做什么?世尊不是已经预先在王舍城宣告迭瓦达德——『以前迭瓦达德是一种性质,现在是另一种性质。迭瓦达德以身或以语所做的,不应以此看待佛、法或僧团,应只以此看待迭瓦达德本人』吗?在那里,那些如此想『王子应被杀,迭瓦达德应被杀,所有比库都应被杀』的大臣们,做了不当之事。那些如此想『比库们不应被杀,比库们没有任何过失,王子应被杀,迭瓦达德应被杀』的大臣们,置于低位。那些如此想『王子不应被杀,迭瓦达德不应被杀,比库们不应被杀,应禀告国王,我们将按国王所说的去做』的大臣们,置于高位。」那时,马嘎塔国频毗沙罗王对未生怨王子如此说——「王子,你为何想杀我?」「大王,我想要王位。」「王子,如果你想要王位,这王位给你。」将王位让给未生怨王子。
Abhimārapesanaṃ遣魔
§340
Atha kho devadatto yena ajātasattu kumāro tenupasaṅkami, upasaṅkamitvā ajātasattuṃ kumāraṃ etadavoca – ‘‘purise, mahārāja, āṇāpehi, ye samaṇaṃ gotamaṃ jīvitā voropessantī’’ti. Atha kho ajātasattu kumāro manusse āṇāpesi – ‘‘yathā, bhaṇe, ayyo devadatto āha tathā kareyyāthā’’ti. Atha kho devadatto ekaṃ purisaṃ āṇāpesi – ‘‘gacchāvuso, amukasmiṃ okāse samaṇo gotamo viharati. Taṃ jīvitā voropetvā iminā maggena āgacchā’’ti. Tasmiṃ magge dve purise ṭhapesi – ‘‘yo iminā maggena eko puriso āgacchati, taṃ jīvitā voropetvā iminā maggena āgacchathā’’ti. Tasmiṃ magge cattāro purise ṭhapesi – ‘‘ye iminā maggena dve purisā āgacchanti, te jīvitā voropetvā iminā maggena āgacchathā’’ti. Tasmiṃ magge aṭṭha purise ṭhapesi – ‘‘ye iminā maggena cattāro purisā āgacchanti, te jīvitā voropetvā iminā maggena āgacchathā’’ti. Tasmiṃ magge soḷasa purise ṭhapesi – ‘‘ye iminā maggena aṭṭha purisā āgacchanti, te jīvitā voropetvā āgacchathā’’ti.
那时,迭瓦达德去到未生怨王子处,到了之后,对未生怨王子如此说——「大王,命令人们去夺取沙门果德玛的生命。」那时,未生怨王子命令人们——「你们按尊者迭瓦达德所说的去做。」那时,迭瓦达德命令一个人——「朋友,去,沙门果德玛住在某处。夺取他的生命后,从这条路回来。」在那条路上安置两个人——「从这条路来一个人,夺取他的生命后,从这条路回来。」在那条路上安置四个人——「从这条路来两个人,夺取他们的生命后,从这条路回来。」在那条路上安置八个人——「从这条路来四个人,夺取他们的生命后,从这条路回来。」在那条路上安置十六个人——「从这条路来八个人,夺取他们的生命后回来。」
Atha kho so eko puriso asicammaṃ gahetvā dhanukalāpaṃ sannayhitvā yena bhagavā tenupasaṅkami, upasaṅkamitvā bhagavato avidūre bhīto ubbiggo ussaṅkī utrasto patthaddhena kāyena aṭṭhāsi. Addasā kho bhagavā taṃ purisaṃ bhītaṃ ubbiggaṃ ussaṅkiṃ utrastaṃ patthaddhena kāyena ṭhitaṃ. Disvāna taṃ purisaṃ etadavoca – ‘‘ehāvuso, mā bhāyī’’ti. Atha kho so puriso asicammaṃ ekamantaṃ karitvā dhanukalāpaṃ nikkhipitvā yena bhagavā tenupasaṅkami, upasaṅkamitvā bhagavato pādesu sirasā nipatitvā bhagavantaṃ etadavoca – ‘‘accayo maṃ, bhante, accagamā yathābālaṃ yathāmūḷhaṃ yathāakusalaṃ, yohaṃ duṭṭhacitto vadhakacitto idhūpasaṅkanto. Tassa me, bhante, bhagavā accayaṃ accayato paṭiggaṇhātu āyatiṃ saṃvarāyā’’ti. ‘‘Taggha tvaṃ, āvuso, accayo accagamā yathābālaṃ yathāmūḷhaṃ yathāakusalaṃ, yaṃ tvaṃ duṭṭhacitto vadhakacitto idhūpasaṅkanto. Yato ca kho tvaṃ, āvuso , accayaṃ accayato disvā yathādhammaṃ paṭikarosi, taṃ te mayaṃ paṭiggaṇhāma. Vuḍḍhi hesā, āvuso, ariyassa vinaye – yo accayaṃ accayato disvā yathādhammaṃ paṭikaroti, āyatiṃ saṃvaraṃ āpajjatī’’ti.
那时,那一个人拿着剑盾,佩带弓箭筒,去到世尊处,到了之后,在世尊不远处,恐惧、惊慌、疑虑、害怕,以僵硬的身体站立。世尊看见那个人恐惧、惊慌、疑虑、害怕,以僵硬的身体站立。看见后,对那个人如此说——「朋友,来,不要害怕。」那时,那个人将剑盾放在一边,放下弓箭筒,去到世尊处,到了之后,以头礼世尊足,对世尊如此说——「尊者,我犯了过失,如愚者、如痴者、如不善者,我以恶心、杀害心来到此处。尊者,愿世尊接受我的过失为过失,为了未来的防护。」「朋友,你确实犯了过失,如愚者、如痴者、如不善者,你以恶心、杀害心来到此处。然而,朋友,因为你见过失为过失而如法忏悔,我们接受它。朋友,这在圣者之律中是增长——见过失为过失而如法忏悔,在未来达到防护。」
Atha kho bhagavā tassa purisassa anupubbiṃ kathaṃ kathesi, seyyathidaṃ – dānakathaṃ sīlakathaṃ saggakathaṃ, kāmānaṃ ādīnavaṃ okāraṃ saṃkilesaṃ, nekkhamme ānisaṃsaṃ pakāsesi. Yadā taṃ bhagavā aññāsi kallacittaṃ, muducittaṃ, vinīvaraṇacittaṃ, udaggacittaṃ, pasannacittaṃ, atha yā buddhānaṃ sāmukkaṃsikā dhammadesanā taṃ pakāsesi – dukkhaṃ, samudayaṃ, nirodhaṃ, maggaṃ. Seyyathāpi nāma suddhaṃ vatthaṃ apagatakāḷakaṃ sammadeva rajanaṃ paṭiggaheyya, evameva tassa purisassa tasmiṃyeva āsane virajaṃ vītamalaṃ dhammacakkhuṃ udapādi – yaṃ kiñci samudayadhammaṃ, sabbaṃ taṃ nirodhadhammanti. Atha kho so puriso diṭṭhadhammo pattadhammo viditadhammo pariyogāḷhadhammo tiṇṇavicikiccho vigatakathaṃkatho vesārajjappatto aparappaccayo satthusāsane bhagavantaṃ etadavoca – ‘‘abhikkantaṃ, bhante, abhikkantaṃ, bhante. Seyyathāpi, bhante, nikkujjitaṃ vā ukkujjeyya, paṭicchannaṃ vā vivareyya, mūḷhassa vā maggaṃ ācikkheyya, andhakāre vā telapajjotaṃ dhāreyya – cakkhumanto rūpāni dakkhantīti – evamevaṃ bhagavatā anekapariyāyena dhammo pakāsito. Esāhaṃ, bhante, bhagavantaṃ saraṇaṃ gacchāmi, dhammañca, bhikkhusaṅghañca. Upāsakaṃ maṃ bhagavā dhāretu ajjatagge pāṇupetaṃ saraṇaṃ gata’’nti. Atha kho bhagavā taṃ purisaṃ etadavoca – ‘‘mā kho tvaṃ, āvuso, iminā maggena gaccha, iminā maggena gacchāhī’’ti aññena maggena uyyojesi.
那时,世尊对那个人说次第法,即:布施论、持戒论、生天论,诸欲的过患、低劣、杂染,出离的利益。当世尊知道他心已准备好、柔软、离盖、欢喜、净信时,就宣说诸佛共通的法说:苦、集、灭、道。犹如清净的、离去黑斑的布会正确地接受染料,同样地,在那座位上,那个人生起了离尘、离垢的法眼——「凡任何集法,一切皆是灭法。」那时,那个人见法、得法、知法、通达法,度疑、离犹豫,得无畏,在导师的教法中不依他人,对世尊如此说——「尊者,殊胜!尊者,殊胜!尊者,犹如扶起倾覆者,揭开覆盖者,为迷路者指示道路,在黑暗中持来油灯——『有眼者将看见诸色』——同样地,世尊以种种方便宣说法。尊者,我归依世尊、法与比库僧团。愿世尊忆持我为近事男,从今日起终生归依。」那时,世尊对那个人如此说——「朋友,你不要从这条路去,从这条路去。」以另一条路遣送他。
Atha kho te dve purisā – kiṃ nu kho so eko puriso cirena āgacchatīti – paṭipathaṃ gacchantā addasaṃsu bhagavantaṃ aññatarasmiṃ rukkhamūle nisinnaṃ. Disvāna yena bhagavā tenupasaṅkamiṃsu, upasaṅkamitvā bhagavantaṃ abhivādetvā ekamantaṃ nisīdiṃsu. Tesaṃ bhagavā anupubbiṃ kathaṃ kathesi…pe… aparappaccayā satthusāsane bhagavantaṃ etadavocuṃ – ‘‘abhikkantaṃ, bhante…pe… upāsake no bhagavā dhāretu ajjatagge pāṇupetaṃ saraṇaṃ gate’’ti. Atha kho bhagavā te purise etadavoca – ‘‘mā kho tumhe, āvuso, iminā maggena gacchittha, iminā maggena gacchathā’’ti aññena maggena uyyojesi.
那时,那两个人——「为何那一个人久久不来?」——走在路上,看见世尊坐在某棵树下。看见后,去到世尊处,到了之后,礼敬世尊,坐在一边。世尊对他们说次第法……不依他人,在导师的教法中,对世尊如此说——「尊者,殊胜……愿世尊忆持我们为近事男,从今日起终生归依。」那时,世尊对那些人如此说——「朋友们,你们不要从这条路去,从这条路去。」以另一条路遣送他们。
Atha kho te cattāro purisā…pe… atha kho te aṭṭha purisā…pe… atha kho te soḷasa purisā – kiṃ nu kho te aṭṭha purisā cirena āgacchantīti – paṭipathaṃ gacchantā addasāsuṃ bhagavantaṃ aññatarasmiṃ rukkhamūle nisinnaṃ. Disvāna yena bhagavā tenupasaṅkamiṃsu, upasaṅkamitvā bhagavantaṃ abhivādetvā ekamantaṃ nisīdiṃsu. Tesaṃ bhagavā anupubbiṃ kathaṃ kathesi, seyyathidaṃ – dānakathaṃ…pe… aparappaccayā satthusāsane bhagavantaṃ etadavocuṃ – ‘‘abhikkantaṃ, bhante…pe… upāsake no bhagavā dhāretu ajjatagge pāṇupetaṃ saraṇaṃ gate’’ti. Atha kho bhagavā te purise etadavoca – ‘‘mā kho tumhe, āvuso, iminā maggena gacchittha, iminā maggena gacchathā’’ti aññena maggena uyyojesi.
那时,那四位男子……(中略)……那时,那八位男子……(中略)……那时,那十六位男子——「为何那八位男子来得这么久呢?」——在路上遇见世尊坐在某棵树下。见到后,他们前往世尊所在之处,抵达后,礼敬世尊,在一旁坐下。世尊为他们说次第法,即:布施论……(中略)……不依于其他,在导师的教诫中,他们对世尊说此:「尊者,太稀有了……(中略)……请世尊忆持我们为近事男,从今日起终生归依。」那时,世尊对那些男子说此:「诸友,你们不要走这条路,你们走这条路。」以另一条路遣送他们。
Atha kho so eko puriso yena devadatto tenupasaṅkami, upasaṅkamitvā devadattaṃ etadavoca – ‘‘nāhaṃ, bhante, sakkomi taṃ bhagavantaṃ jīvitā voropetuṃ; mahiddhiko so bhagavā, mahānubhāvo’’ti. ‘‘Alaṃ, āvuso; mā tvaṃ samaṇaṃ gotamaṃ jīvitā voropesi. Ahameva samaṇaṃ gotamaṃ jīvitā voropessāmī’’ti.
那时,那一位男子前往迭瓦达德所在之处,抵达后,对迭瓦达德说此:「尊者,我不能夺取那位世尊的生命;那位世尊是大神通者、大威力者。」「够了,朋友,你不要夺取沙门果德玛的生命。我自己将夺取沙门果德玛的生命。」
Lohituppādakakammaṃ出血甘马
§341
Tena kho pana samayena bhagavā gijjhakūṭassa pabbatassa chāyāyaṃ caṅkamati. Atha kho devadatto gijjhakūṭaṃ pabbataṃ āruhitvā mahatiṃ silaṃ pavijjhi – imāya samaṇaṃ gotamaṃ jīvitā voropessāmīti. Dve pabbatakūṭā samāgantvā taṃ silaṃ sampaṭicchiṃsu. Tato papatikā uppatitvā bhagavato pāde ruhiraṃ uppādesi. Atha kho bhagavā uddhaṃ ulloketvā devadattaṃ etadavoca – ‘‘bahuṃ tayā, moghapurisa, apuññaṃ pasutaṃ, yaṃ tvaṃ duṭṭhacitto vadhakacitto tathāgatassa ruhiraṃ uppādesī’’ti. Atha kho bhagavā bhikkhū āmantesi – ‘‘idaṃ, bhikkhave, devadattena paṭhamaṃ ānantariyaṃ kammaṃ upacitaṃ, yaṃ duṭṭhacittena vadhakacittena tathāgatassa ruhiraṃ uppādita’’nti.
那时,世尊在耆阇崛山的阴影处经行。那时,迭瓦达德登上耆阇崛山,推下一块大石——「以此我将夺取沙门果德玛的生命。」两座山峰靠拢,挡住了那块石头。从那里飞落的碎片击中世尊的脚,使之出血。那时,世尊向上仰望,对迭瓦达德说此:「愚痴人,你造作了大恶业,因为你以恶心、杀害心使如来出血。」那时,世尊召唤诸比库:「诸比库,这是迭瓦达德积集的第一个无间业,即以恶心、杀害心使如来出血。」
Assosuṃ kho bhikkhū – ‘‘devadattena kira bhagavato vadho payutto’’ti. Te ca bhikkhū bhagavato vihārassa parito parito caṅkamanti uccāsaddā mahāsaddā sajjhāyaṃ karontā, bhagavato rakkhāvaraṇaguttiyā. Assosi kho bhagavā uccāsaddaṃ mahāsaddaṃ sajjhāyasaddaṃ. Sutvāna āyasmantaṃ ānandaṃ āmantesi – ‘‘kiṃ nu kho so, ānanda, uccāsaddo mahāsaddo sajjhāyasaddo’’ti? ‘‘Assosuṃ kho, bhante, bhikkhū – ‘devadattena kira bhagavato vadho payutto’ti. Te ca , bhante, bhikkhū bhagavato vihārassa parito parito caṅkamanti uccāsaddā mahāsaddā sajjhāyaṃ karontā, bhagavato rakkhāvaraṇaguttiyā. So eso, bhagavā, uccāsaddo mahāsaddo sajjhāyasaddo’’ti. ‘‘Tena hānanda, mama vacanena te bhikkhū āmantehi – satthā āyasmante āmantetī’’ti. ‘‘Evaṃ bhante’’ti kho āyasmā ānando bhagavato paṭissutvā yena te bhikkhū tenupasaṅkami, upasaṅkamitvā te bhikkhū etadavoca – ‘‘satthā āyasmante āmantetī’’ti. ‘‘Evamāvuso’’ti kho te bhikkhū āyasmato ānandassa paṭissutvā yena bhagavā tenupasaṅkamiṃsu, upasaṅkamitvā bhagavantaṃ abhivādetvā ekamantaṃ nisīdiṃsu. Ekamantaṃ nisinne kho te bhikkhū bhagavā etadavoca –
诸比库听闻:「据说迭瓦达德企图杀害世尊。」那些比库在世尊的住所周围经行,高声、大声地诵习,为了世尊的守护、防护、保护。世尊听到高声、大声、诵习声。听到后,召唤具寿阿难:「阿难,为何有那高声、大声、诵习声?」「尊者,诸比库听闻:『据说迭瓦达德企图杀害世尊。』尊者,那些比库在世尊的住所周围经行,高声、大声地诵习,为了世尊的守护、防护、保护。世尊,那就是那高声、大声、诵习声。」「那么,阿难,以我的名义召唤那些比库:『导师召唤具寿们。』」「是的,尊者。」具寿阿难应诺世尊后,前往那些比库所在之处,抵达后,对那些比库说此:「导师召唤具寿们。」「是的,朋友。」那些比库应诺具寿阿难后,前往世尊所在之处,抵达后,礼敬世尊,在一旁坐下。世尊对在一旁坐下的那些比库说此:
‘‘Aṭṭhānametaṃ , bhikkhave, anavakāso, yaṃ parūpakkamena tathāgataṃ jīvitā voropeyya. Anupakkamena, bhikkhave, tathāgatā parinibbāyanti.
「诸比库,这是须跋的、没有机会的,即以攻击夺取如来的生命。诸比库,诸如来以无攻击而般涅槃。
‘‘Pañcime, bhikkhave, satthāro santo saṃvijjamānā lokasmiṃ. Katame pañca? ‘‘Idha, bhikkhave, ekacco satthā aparisuddhasīlo samāno ‘parisuddhasīlomhī’ti paṭijānāti ‘parisuddhaṃ me sīlaṃ pariyodātaṃ asaṃkiliṭṭha’nti ca. Tamenaṃ sāvakā evaṃ jānanti – ‘ayaṃ kho bhavaṃ satthā aparisuddhasīlo samāno ‘parisuddhasīlomhī’ti paṭijānāti ‘parisuddhaṃ me sīlaṃ pariyodātaṃ asaṃkiliṭṭha’nti ca. Mayañceva kho pana gihīnaṃ āroceyyāma, nāssassa manāpaṃ. Yaṃ kho panassa amanāpaṃ, kathaṃ naṃ mayaṃ tena samudācareyyāma? Sammannati kho pana cīvarapiṇḍapātasenāsanagilānappaccayabhesajjaparikkhārena – yaṃ tumo karissati, tumova tena paññāyissatī’ti . Evarūpaṃ kho, bhikkhave, satthāraṃ sāvakā sīlato rakkhanti; evarūpo ca pana satthā sāvakehi sīlato rakkhaṃ paccāsīsati.
「诸比库,世间有这五种导师存在、可见。哪五种?「诸比库,这里,某位导师是不清净戒者,却自称『我是清净戒者』、『我的戒清净、洁白、无染』。他的弟子们如此知道:『这位尊者导师是不清净戒者,却自称「我是清净戒者」、「我的戒清净、洁白、无染」。若我们向在家人告知,这对他不合意。而对他不合意的,我们如何以此对待他呢?他受用衣、食、卧坐所、病者所需医药资具——你将做什么,你自己将以此而被知。』诸比库,这样的导师,弟子们从戒方面保护;而这样的导师期待弟子们从戒方面保护。
‘‘Puna caparaṃ, bhikkhave, idhekacco satthā aparisuddhaājīvo samāno…pe… aparisuddhadhammadesano samāno…pe… aparisuddhaveyyākaraṇo samāno…pe… aparisuddhañāṇadassano samāno ‘parisuddhañāṇadassanomhī’ti paṭijānāti ‘parisuddhaṃ me ñāṇadassanaṃ pariyodātaṃ asaṃkiliṭṭha’nti ca. Tamenaṃ sāvakā evaṃ jānanti – ‘ayaṃ kho bhavaṃ satthā aparisuddhañāṇadassano samāno ‘parisuddhañāṇadassanomhī’ti paṭijānāti ‘parisuddhaṃ me ñāṇadassanaṃ pariyodātaṃ asaṃkiliṭṭha’nti ca. Mayañceva kho pana gihīnaṃ āroceyyāma, nāssassa manāpaṃ. Yaṃ kho panassa amanāpaṃ, kathaṃ na mayaṃ tena samudācareyyāma? Sammannati kho pana cīvarapiṇḍapātasenāsanagilānappaccayabhesajjaparikkhārena – yaṃ tumo karissati, tumova tena paññāyissatī’ti. Evarūpaṃ kho, bhikkhave, satthāraṃ sāvakā ñāṇadassanato rakkhanti; evarūpo ca pana satthā sāvakehi ñāṇadassanato rakkhaṃ paccāsīsati. Ime kho, bhikkhave, pañca satthāro santo saṃvijjamānā lokasmiṃ. ‘‘Ahaṃ kho pana, bhikkhave, parisuddhasīlo samāno ‘parisuddhasīlomhī’ti paṭijānāmi ‘parisuddhaṃ me sīlaṃ pariyodātaṃ asaṃkiliṭṭha’nti ca. Na ca maṃ sāvakā sīlato rakkhanti; na cāhaṃ sāvakehi sīlato rakkhaṃ paccāsīsāmi. Ahaṃ kho pana bhikkhave parisuddhājīvo samāno…pe… parisuddhadhammadesano samāno…pe… parisuddhaveyyākaraṇo samāno…pe… parisuddhañāṇadassano samāno ‘‘parisuddhañāṇadassanomhī’’ti paṭijānāmi ‘‘parisuddhaṃ me ñāṇadassanaṃ pariyodātaṃ asaṃkiliṭṭha’’nti ca, na ca maṃ sāvakā ñāṇadassanato rakkhanti, na cāhaṃ sāvakehi ñāṇadassanato rakkhaṃ paccāsīsāmi. ‘‘Aṭṭhānametaṃ, bhikkhave, anavakāso, yaṃ parūpakkamena tathāgataṃ jīvitā voropeyya. Anupakkamena, bhikkhave, tathāgatā parinibbāyanti. Gacchatha tumhe, bhikkhave, yathāvihāraṃ. Arakkhiyā, bhikkhave, tathāgatā’’ti.
「再者,诸比库,这里某位导师是不清净命者……(中略)……不清净说法者……(中略)……不清净解答者……(中略)……不清净智见者,却自称『我是清净智见者』、『我的智见清净、洁白、无染』。他的弟子们如此知道:『这位尊者导师是不清净智见者,却自称「我是清净智见者」、「我的智见清净、洁白、无染」。若我们向在家人告知,这对他不合意。而对他不合意的,我们如何以此对待他呢?他受用衣、食、卧坐所、病者所需医药资具——你将做什么,你自己将以此而被知。』诸比库,这样的导师,弟子们从智见方面保护;而这样的导师期待弟子们从智见方面保护。诸比库,这五种导师存在、可见于世间。「诸比库,而我是清净戒者,自称『我是清净戒者』、『我的戒清净、洁白、无染』。弟子们不从戒方面保护我;我也不期待弟子们从戒方面保护。诸比库,而我是清净命者……(中略)……清净说法者……(中略)……清净解答者……(中略)……清净智见者,自称『我是清净智见者』、『我的智见清净、洁白、无染』,弟子们不从智见方面保护我,我也不期待弟子们从智见方面保护。「诸比库,这是须跋的、没有机会的,即以攻击夺取如来的生命。诸比库,诸如来以无攻击而般涅槃。诸比库,你们各自回住所去。诸比库,诸如来无需守护。」
Nāḷāgiripesanaṃ遣那拉基利象
§342
Tena kho pana samayena rājagahe nāḷāgiri nāma hatthī caṇḍo hoti, manussaghātako. Atha kho devadatto rājagahaṃ pavisitvā hatthisālaṃ gantvā hatthibhaṇḍe etadavoca – ‘‘mayaṃ kho, bhaṇe, rājañātakā nāma paṭibalā nīcaṭṭhāniyaṃ uccaṭṭhāne ṭhapetuṃ, bhattampi vetanampi vaḍḍhāpetuṃ. Tena hi, bhaṇe, yadā samaṇo gotamo imaṃ racchaṃ paṭipanno hoti, tadā imaṃ nāḷāgiriṃ hatthiṃ muñcetvā imaṃ racchaṃ paṭipādethā’’ti. ‘‘Evaṃ bhante’’ti kho te hatthibhaṇḍā devadattassa paccassosuṃ. Atha kho bhagavā pubbaṇhasamayaṃ nivāsetvā pattacīvaramādāya sambahulehi bhikkhūhi saddhiṃ rājagahaṃ piṇḍāya pāvisi. Atha kho bhagavā taṃ racchaṃ paṭipajji. Addasāsuṃ kho te hatthibhaṇḍā bhagavantaṃ taṃ racchaṃ paṭipannaṃ. Disvāna nāḷāgiriṃ hatthiṃ muñcitvā taṃ racchaṃ paṭipādesuṃ. Addasā kho nāḷāgiri hatthī bhagavantaṃ dūratova āgacchantaṃ. Disvāna soṇḍaṃ ussāpetvā pahaṭṭhakaṇṇavālo yena bhagavā tena abhidhāvi. Addasāsuṃ kho te bhikkhū nāḷāgiriṃ hatthiṃ dūratova āgacchantaṃ. Disvāna bhagavantaṃ etadavocuṃ – ‘‘ayaṃ, bhante, nāḷāgiri hatthī caṇḍo manussaghātako imaṃ racchaṃ paṭipanno. Paṭikkamatu, bhante, bhagavā; paṭikkamatu sugato’’ti. ‘‘Āgacchatha, bhikkhave, mā bhāyittha. Aṭṭhānametaṃ, bhikkhave, anavakāso, yaṃ parūpakkamena tathāgataṃ jīvitā voropeyya. Anupakkamena, bhikkhave, tathāgatā parinibbāyantī’’ti. Dutiyampi kho te bhikkhū…pe… tatiyampi kho te bhikkhū bhagavantaṃ etadavocuṃ – ‘‘ayaṃ, bhante, nāḷāgiri hatthī caṇḍo manussaghātako imaṃ racchaṃ paṭipanno. Paṭikkamatu, bhante, bhagavā; paṭikkamatu sugato’’ti. ‘‘Āgacchatha, bhikkhave, mā bhāyittha. Aṭṭhānametaṃ , bhikkhave, anavakāso, yaṃ parūpakkamena tathāgataṃ jīvitā voropeyya. Anupakkamena, bhikkhave, tathāgatā parinibbāyantī’’ti.
那时,在王舍城有一头名叫那拉耆利的象,凶猛,杀人。那时,迭瓦达德进入王舍城,前往象舍,对驯象师们说此:「朋友们,我们是王族,能够将低位者置于高位,也能增加食物和薪俸。那么,朋友们,当沙门果德玛走这条街道时,你们放开这头那拉耆利象,让它走这条街道。」「是的,尊者。」那些驯象师应诺迭瓦达德。那时,世尊在上午时分着衣,持钵衣,与众多比库一起进入王舍城托钵。那时,世尊走那条街道。那些驯象师看见世尊走那条街道。看见后,放开那拉耆利象,让它走那条街道。那拉耆利象从远处看见世尊前来。看见后,举起鼻子,竖起耳朵,向世尊所在之处冲去。那些比库从远处看见那拉耆利象前来。看见后,对世尊说此:「尊者,这头那拉耆利象凶猛、杀人,正走这条街道。尊者,请世尊退回;善逝,请退回。」「诸比库,你们来,不要害怕。诸比库,这是须跋的、没有机会的,即以攻击夺取如来的生命。诸比库,诸如来以无攻击而般涅槃。」第二次,那些比库……(中略)……第三次,那些比库对世尊说此:「尊者,这头那拉耆利象凶猛、杀人,正走这条街道。尊者,请世尊退回;善逝,请退回。」「诸比库,你们来,不要害怕。诸比库,这是须跋的、没有机会的,即以攻击夺取如来的生命。诸比库,诸如来以无攻击而般涅槃。」
Tena kho pana samayena manussā pāsādesupi hammiyesupi chadanesupi āruḷhā acchanti. Tattha ye te manussā assaddhā appasannā dubbuddhino, te evamāhaṃsu – ‘‘abhirūpo vata, bho , mahāsamaṇo nāgena viheṭhīyissatī’’ti. Ye pana te manussā saddhā pasannā paṇḍitā byattā buddhimanto, te evamāhaṃsu – ‘‘nacirassaṃ vata, bho, nāgo nāgena saṅgāmessatī’’ti. Atha kho bhagavā nāḷāgiriṃ hatthiṃ mettena cittena phari. Atha kho nāḷāgiri hatthī bhagavato mettena cittena phuṭṭho soṇḍaṃ oropetvā yena bhagavā tenupasaṅkami, upasaṅkamitvā bhagavato purato aṭṭhāsi. Atha kho bhagavā dakkhiṇena hatthena nāḷāgirissa hatthissa kumbhaṃ parāmasanto nāḷāgiriṃ hatthiṃ imāhi gāthāhi ajjhabhāsi –
尔时,众人站在宫殿、楼阁、屋顶上。其中那些无信、须跋信、愚钝的人如此说:「尊者,这位大沙门相貌端严,将被龙象所害!」而那些有信、净信、贤明、聪慧、有智的人如此说:「尊者,不久龙将与龙战!」于是世尊以慈心遍满那拉基利象。那时那拉基利象被世尊的慈心所触,放下鼻子,走向世尊处;走近后,站在世尊面前。于是世尊以右手抚摸那拉基利象的额头,以这些偈颂对那拉基利象说:
‘‘Mā kuñjara nāgamāsado, dukkhañhi kuñjara nāgamāsado;
「勿近龙,象!近龙实苦,象!
Na hi nāgahatassa kuñjara sugati, hoti ito paraṃ yato.
「杀龙者,象!从此以后,不得善趣。
‘‘Mā ca mado mā ca pamādo, na hi pamattā sugatiṃ vajanti te;
「勿醉,勿放逸!放逸者不得善趣。
Tvaññeva tathā karissasi, yena tvaṃ sugatiṃ gamissasī’’ti.
「汝当如是行,汝将往善趣。」
Atha kho nāḷāgiri hatthī soṇḍāya bhagavato pādapaṃsūni gahetvā uparimuddhani ākiritvā paṭikuṭiyova osakki, yāva bhagavantaṃ addakkhi. Atha kho nāḷāgiri hatthī hatthisālaṃ gantvā sake ṭhāne aṭṭhāsi. Tathā danto ca pana nāḷāgiri hatthī ahosi. Tena kho pana samayena manussā imaṃ gāthaṃ gāyanti –
于是那拉基利象以鼻取世尊足尘,撒在头顶上,倒退而去,直到看不见世尊。那时那拉基利象走向象舍,站在自己的位置。那拉基利象就这样被调伏了。尔时众人唱诵此偈:
‘‘Daṇḍeneke damayanti, aṅkusehi kasāhi ca;
「有人以杖调伏,以钩、以鞭;
Adaṇḍena asatthena, nāgo danto mahesinā’’ti.
「无杖无刀,龙被大仙调伏。」
Manussā ujjhāyanti khiyyanti vipācenti – ‘‘yāva pāpo ayaṃ devadatto, alakkhiko, yatra hi nāma samaṇassa gotamassa evaṃmahiddhikassa evaṃ mahānubhāvassa vadhāya parakkamissatī’’ti. Devadattassa lābhasakkāro parihāyi. Bhagavato ca lābhasakkāro abhivaḍḍhi.
诸人非难、责备、抱怨:「这位迭瓦达德真是邪恶、不吉祥,竟然会对如此大神通、大威力的沙门果德玛努力加害!」迭瓦达德的利养恭敬衰退了。世尊的利养恭敬增长了。
Pañcavatthuyācanakathā五事乞求论
§343
Tena kho pana samayena devadatto parihīnalābhasakkāro sapariso kulesu viññāpetvā viññāpetvā bhuñjati. Manussā ujjhāyanti khiyyanti vipācenti – ‘‘kathañhi nāma samaṇā sakyaputtiyā kulesu viññāpetvā viññāpetvā bhuñjissanti! Kassa sampannaṃ na manāpaṃ, kassa sāduṃ na ruccatī’’ti! Assosuṃ kho bhikkhū tesaṃ manussānaṃ ujjhāyantānaṃ khiyyantānaṃ vipācentānaṃ. Ye te bhikkhū appicchā…pe… te ujjhāyanti khiyyanti vipācenti – kathañhi nāma devadatto sapariso kulesu viññāpetvā viññāpetvā bhuñjissatī’’ti! Bhagavato etamatthaṃ ārocesuṃ…pe… ‘‘saccaṃ kira tvaṃ, devadatta, sapariso kulesu viññāpetvā viññāpetvā bhuñjasī’’ti? ‘‘Saccaṃ bhagavā’’ti…pe… vigarahitvā…pe… dhammiṃ kathaṃ katvā bhikkhū āmantesi – ‘‘tena hi, bhikkhave, bhikkhūnaṃ kulesu tikabhojanaṃ paññapessāmi tayo atthavase paṭicca – dummaṅkūnaṃ puggalāna niggahāya ; pesalānaṃ bhikkhūnaṃ phāsuvihārāya, mā pāpicchā pakkhaṃ nissāya saṅghaṃ bhindeyyunti; kulānuddayāya ca. Gaṇabhojane yathādhammo kāretabbo’’ti.
尔时,迭瓦达德利养恭敬衰退后,与其徒众在诸家中告知后告知后而食。诸人非难、责备、抱怨:「为何沙门释迦子们会在诸家中告知后告知后而食!谁不喜欢圆满的?谁不爱好美味的?」诸比库听闻那些人非难、责备、抱怨。那些少欲的比库们……非难、责备、抱怨:「为何迭瓦达德与其徒众会在诸家中告知后告知后而食?」他们向世尊报告此事……「迭瓦达德,你真的与徒众在诸家中告知后告知后而食吗?」「是真的,世尊。」……呵责后……作法说后,告诉诸比库:「那么,诸比库,我将为诸比库制定在诸家中的三种食,基于三个理由:为了折伏恶欲者;为了善良比库们的安乐住;以免恶欲者依靠派系分裂僧团;以及为了怜悯诸家族。应如法处理团体食。」
Atha kho devadatto yena kokāliko kaṭamodakatissako khaṇḍadeviyā putto samuddadatto tenupasaṅkami, upasaṅkamitvā kokālikaṃ kaṭamodakatissakaṃ khaṇḍadeviyā puttaṃ samuddadattaṃ etadavoca – ‘‘etha, mayaṃ, āvuso, samaṇassa gotamassa saṅghabhedaṃ karissāma cakkabheda’’nti. Evaṃ vutte kokāliko devadattaṃ etadavoca – ‘‘samaṇo kho, āvuso, gotamo mahiddhiko mahānubhāvo. Kathaṃ mayaṃ samaṇassa gotamassa saṅghabhedaṃ karissāma cakkabheda’’nti? ‘‘Etha, mayaṃ, āvuso, samaṇaṃ gotamaṃ upasaṅkamitvā pañca vatthūni yācissāma – ‘bhagavā, bhante, anekapariyāyena appicchassa santuṭṭhassa sallekhassa dhutassa pāsādikassa apacayassa vīriyārambhassa vaṇṇavādī. Imāni, bhante, pañca vatthūni anekapariyāyena appicchatāya santuṭṭhiyā sallekhāya dhutatāya pāsādikatāya apacayāya vīriyārambhāya saṃvattanti. Sādhu, bhante, bhikkhū yāvajīvaṃ āraññikā assu; yo gāmantaṃ osareyya, vajjaṃ naṃ phuseyya. Yāvajīvaṃ piṇḍapātikā assu; yo nimantanaṃ sādiyeyya, vajjaṃ naṃ phuseyya. Yāvajīvaṃ paṃsukūlikā assu; yo gahapaticīvaraṃ sādiyeyya, vajjaṃ naṃ phuseyya. Yāvajīvaṃ rukkhamūlikā assu; yo channaṃ upagaccheyya, vajjaṃ naṃ phuseyya. Yāvajīvaṃ macchamaṃsaṃ na khādeyyuṃ; yo macchamaṃsaṃ khādeyya, vajjaṃ naṃ phuseyyā’ti. Imāni pañca vatthūni samaṇo gotamo nānujānissati. Te mayaṃ imehi pañcahi vatthūhi janaṃ saññāpessāmā’’ti. ‘‘Sakkā kho, āvuso, imehi pañcahi vatthūhi samaṇassa gotamassa saṅghabhedo kātuṃ cakkabhedo. Lūkhappasannā hi, āvuso, manussā’’ti.
尔时,迭瓦达德前往果咖利咖、咖答摩达咖帝萨咖、康达德威亚之子、沙目达达塔处,抵达后对果咖利咖、咖答摩达咖帝萨咖、康达德威亚之子、沙目达达塔说:「来吧,贤友们,我们将对沙门果德玛作僧团分裂、车轮分裂。」如是说时,果咖利咖对迭瓦达德说:「贤友,沙门果德玛是大神通者、大威力者。我们如何能对沙门果德玛作僧团分裂、车轮分裂?」「来吧,贤友们,我们前往沙门果德玛处,请求五事:『世尊,大德,以多种方式赞叹少欲、知足、削减、头陀、令人欢喜、减损、精进努力。大德,这五事以多种方式导向少欲、知足、削减、头陀、令人欢喜、减损、精进努力。善哉,大德,愿诸比库尽形寿为住林者;若有人前往村边,罪过将触及他。尽形寿为乞食者;若有人接受邀请,罪过将触及他。尽形寿为尘堆衣者;若有人接受居士衣,罪过将触及他。尽形寿为树下住者;若有人前往有覆盖处,罪过将触及他。尽形寿不食鱼肉;若有人食鱼肉,罪过将触及他。』沙门果德玛将不允许这五事。我们将以这五事说服众人。」「贤友,确实可以用这五事对沙门果德玛作僧团分裂、车轮分裂。贤友,因为人们喜欢粗劣的。」
Atha kho devadatto sapariso yena bhagavā tenupasaṅkami, upasaṅkamitvā bhagavantaṃ abhivādetvā ekamantaṃ nisīdi. Ekamantaṃ nisinno kho devadatto bhagavantaṃ etadavoca – ‘‘bhagavā, bhante, anekapariyāyena appicchassa santuṭṭhassa sallekhassa dhutassa pāsādikassa apacayassa vīriyārambhassa vaṇṇavādī. Imāni, bhante, pañca vatthūni anekapariyāyena appicchatāya santuṭṭhiyā sallekhāya dhutatāya pāsādikatāya apacayāya vīriyārambhāya saṃvattanti. Sādhu, bhante, bhikkhū yāvajīvaṃ āraññikā assu; yo gāmantaṃ osareyya, vajjaṃ naṃ phuseyya. Yāvajīvaṃ piṇḍapātikā assu; yo nimantanaṃ sādiyeyya, vajjaṃ naṃ phuseyya. Yāvajīvaṃ paṃsukūlikā assu; yo gahapaticīvaraṃ sādiyeyya, vajjaṃ naṃ phuseyya. Yāvajīvaṃ rukkhamūlikā assu; yo channaṃ upagaccheyya, vajjaṃ naṃ phuseyya. Yāvajīvaṃ macchamaṃsaṃ na khādeyyuṃ; yo macchamaṃsaṃ khādeyya, vajjaṃ naṃ phuseyyā’’ti. ‘‘Alaṃ, devadatta. Yo icchati, āraññiko hotu; yo icchati, gāmante viharatu. Yo icchati, piṇḍapātiko hotu; yo icchati, nimantanaṃ sādiyatu. Yo icchati, paṃsukūliko hotu; yo icchati, gahapaticīvaraṃ sādiyatu. Aṭṭhamāse kho mayā, devadatta, rukkhamūlasenāsanaṃ anuññātaṃ; tikoṭiparisuddhaṃ macchamaṃsaṃ – adiṭṭhaṃ, assutaṃ, aparisaṅkita’’nti. Atha kho devadatto – na bhagavā imāni pañca vatthūni anujānātīti – haṭṭho udaggo sapariso uṭṭhāyāsanā bhagavantaṃ abhivādetvā padakkhiṇaṃ katvā pakkāmi.
尔时,迭瓦达德与其徒众前往世尊处,抵达后礼敬世尊,坐于一旁。坐于一旁的迭瓦达德对世尊说:「世尊,大德,以多种方式赞叹少欲、知足、削减、头陀、令人欢喜、减损、精进努力。大德,这五事以多种方式导向少欲、知足、削减、头陀、令人欢喜、减损、精进努力。善哉,大德,愿诸比库尽形寿为住林者;若有人前往村边,罪过将触及他。尽形寿为乞食者;若有人接受邀请,罪过将触及他。尽形寿为尘堆衣者;若有人接受居士衣,罪过将触及他。尽形寿为树下住者;若有人前往有覆盖处,罪过将触及他。尽形寿不食鱼肉;若有人食鱼肉,罪过将触及他。」「够了,迭瓦达德。若有人愿意,可为住林者;若有人愿意,可住在村边。若有人愿意,可为乞食者;若有人愿意,可接受邀请。若有人愿意,可为尘堆衣者;若有人愿意,可接受居士衣。迭瓦达德,我已允许八个月的树下住处;三种清净的鱼肉——未见、未闻、未怀疑。」尔时,迭瓦达德——世尊不允许这五事——欢喜、兴奋,与其徒众从座起立,礼敬世尊,作右绕后离去。
Atha kho devadatto sapariso rājagahaṃ pavisitvā pañcahi vatthūhi janaṃ saññāpesi – ‘‘mayaṃ, āvuso, samaṇaṃ gotamaṃ upasaṅkamitvā pañca vatthūni yācimhā – ‘bhagavā, bhante, anekapariyāyena appicchassa…pe… vīriyārambhassa vaṇṇavādī. Imāni, bhante, pañca vatthūni anekapariyāyena appicchatāya…pe… vīriyārambhāya saṃvattanti. Sādhu, bhante, bhikkhū yāvajīvaṃ āraññikā assu; yo gāmantaṃ osareyya, vajjaṃ naṃ phuseyya…pe… yāvajīvaṃ macchamaṃsaṃ na khādeyyuṃ; yo macchamaṃsaṃ khādeyya, vajjaṃ naṃ phuseyyā’ti. Imāni pañca vatthūni samaṇo gotamo nānujānāti. Te mayaṃ imehi pañcahi vatthūhi samādāya vattāmā’’ti.
尔时,迭瓦达德与其徒众进入王舍城后,以五事说服众人:「贤友们,我们前往沙门果德玛处,请求五事:『世尊,大德,以多种方式赞叹少欲……精进努力。大德,这五事以多种方式导向少欲……精进努力。善哉,大德,愿诸比库尽形寿为住林者;若有人前往村边,罪过将触及他……尽形寿不食鱼肉;若有人食鱼肉,罪过将触及他。』沙门果德玛不允许这五事。我们受持这五事而行。」
Tattha ye te manussā assaddhā appasannā dubbuddhino, te evamāhaṃsu – ‘‘ime kho samaṇā sakyaputtiyā dhutā sallekhavuttino. Samaṇo pana gotamo bāhulliko bāhullāya cetetī’’ti. Ye pana te manussā saddhā pasannā paṇḍitā byattā buddhimanto, te ujjhāyanti khiyyanti vipācenti – ‘‘kathañhi nāma devadatto bhagavato saṅghabhedāya parakkamissati cakkabhedāyā’’ti! Assosuṃ kho bhikkhū tesaṃ manussānaṃ ujjhāyantānaṃ khiyyantānaṃ vipācentānaṃ. Ye te bhikkhū appicchā…pe… te ujjhāyanti khiyyanti vipācenti – ‘‘kathañhi nāma devadatto saṅghabhedāya parakkamissati cakkabhedāyā’’ti! Atha kho te bhikkhū bhagavato etamatthaṃ ārocesuṃ…pe… ‘‘saccaṃ kira tvaṃ, devadatta, saṅghabhedāya parakkamasi cakkabhedāyā’’ti? ‘‘Saccaṃ bhagavā’’ti. ‘‘Alaṃ, devadatta. Mā te rucci saṅghabhedo. Garuko kho, devadatta, saṅghabhedo. Yo kho, devadatta, samaggaṃ saṅghaṃ bhindati, kappaṭṭhikaṃ kibbisaṃ pasavati, kappaṃ nirayamhi paccati. Yo ca kho, devadatta, bhinnaṃ saṅghaṃ samaggaṃ karoti, brahmaṃ puññaṃ pasavati, kappaṃ saggamhi modati. Alaṃ, devadatta. Mā te rucci saṅghabhedo. Garuko kho, devadatta, saṅghabhedo’’ti.
在那里,那些无信、须跋信、愚钝的人们如是说:「这些沙门释迦子们是头陀者、行削减行者。但沙门果德玛是奢侈者、趋向奢侈。」但那些有信、净信、有智慧、聪明、有理解力的人们非难、责备、抱怨:「为何迭瓦达德会努力分裂世尊的僧团、车轮分裂?」诸比库听闻那些人非难、责备、抱怨。那些少欲的比库们……非难、责备、抱怨:「为何迭瓦达德会努力僧团分裂、车轮分裂?」尔时,那些比库向世尊报告此事……「迭瓦达德,你真的努力僧团分裂、车轮分裂吗?」「是真的,世尊。」「够了,迭瓦达德。愿你不喜欢僧团分裂。迭瓦达德,僧团分裂是重的。迭瓦达德,若有人分裂和合的僧团,他造作一劫住的罪,在地狱中煮一劫。迭瓦达德,若有人使分裂的僧团和合,他造作梵福,在天界中欢乐一劫。够了,迭瓦达德。愿你不喜欢僧团分裂。迭瓦达德,僧团分裂是重的。」
Atha kho āyasmā ānando pubbaṇhasamayaṃ nivāsetvā pattacīvaramādāya rājagahaṃ piṇḍāya pāvisi. Addasā kho devadatto āyasmantaṃ ānandaṃ rājagahe piṇḍāya carantaṃ. Disvāna yenāyasmā ānando tenupasaṅkami, upasaṅkamitvā āyasmantaṃ ānandaṃ etadavoca – ‘‘ajjataggedānāhaṃ , āvuso ānanda, aññatreva bhagavatā, aññatreva bhikkhusaṅghā, uposathaṃ karissāmi saṅghakammaṃ karissāmī’’ti.
尔时,具寿阿难在上午时分着衣、持钵衣,进入王舍城乞食。迭瓦达德看见具寿阿难在王舍城乞食行走。看见后,前往具寿阿难处,抵达后对具寿阿难说:「贤友阿难,从今日起,我将离开世尊、离开比库僧团,作伍波萨他、作僧团甘马。」
Atha kho āyasmā ānando rājagahe piṇḍāya caritvā pacchābhattaṃ piṇḍapātappaṭikkanto yena bhagavā tenupasaṅkami, upasaṅkamitvā bhagavantaṃ abhivādetvā ekamantaṃ nisīdi. Ekamantaṃ nisinno kho āyasmā ānando bhagavantaṃ etadavoca – ‘‘idhāhaṃ, bhante, pubbaṇhasamayaṃ nivāsetvā pattacīvaramādāya rājagahaṃ piṇḍāya pāvisiṃ. Addasā kho maṃ, bhante, devadatto rājagahe piṇḍāya carantaṃ. Disvāna yenāhaṃ tenupasaṅkami, upasaṅkamitvā maṃ etadavoca – ‘ajjataggedānāhaṃ, āvuso ānanda, aññatreva bhagavatā, aññatreva bhikkhusaṅghā, uposathaṃ karissāmi saṅghakammaṃ karissāmī’ti. Ajjatagge, bhante, devadatto saṅghaṃ bhindissatī’’ti. Atha kho bhagavā etamatthaṃ viditvā tāyaṃ velāyaṃ imaṃ udānaṃ udānesi –
尔时,具寿阿难在王舍城乞食行走后,食后从乞食返回,前往世尊处,抵达后礼敬世尊,坐于一旁。坐于一旁的具寿阿难对世尊说:「大德,我在此上午时分着衣、持钵衣,进入王舍城乞食。大德,迭瓦达德看见我在王舍城乞食行走。看见后,前往我处,抵达后对我说:『贤友阿难,从今日起,我将离开世尊、离开比库僧团,作伍波萨他、作僧团甘马。』大德,从今日起,迭瓦达德将分裂僧团。」尔时,世尊了知此义,在那时刻说出此自说偈:
‘‘Sukaraṃ sādhunā sādhuṃ, sādhuṃ pāpena dukkaraṃ;
「善者行善易,恶者行善难;
Pāpaṃ pāpena sukaraṃ, pāpamariyehi dukkara’’nti.
恶者行恶易,圣者行恶难。」
Dutiyabhāṇavāro niṭṭhito. · 第二诵品完
3. Tatiyabhāṇavāro3. 第三诵品
Saṅghabhedakathā破僧论
§344
Atha kho devadatto tadahuposathe uṭṭhāyāsanā salākaṃ gāhesi – ‘‘mayaṃ, āvuso, samaṇaṃ gotamaṃ upasaṅkamitvā pañca vatthūni yācimhā – ‘bhagavā, bhante, anekapariyāyena appicchassa…pe… vīriyārambhassa vaṇṇavādī. Imāni, bhante, pañca vatthūni anekapariyāyena appicchatāya…pe… vīriyārambhāya saṃvattanti. Sādhu, bhante, bhikkhū yāvajīvaṃ āraññikā assu; yo gāmantaṃ osareyya, vajjaṃ naṃ phuseyya…pe… yāvajīvaṃ macchamaṃsaṃ na khādeyyuṃ; yo macchamaṃsaṃ khādeyya, vajjaṃ naṃ phuseyyā’ti. Imāni pañca vatthūni samaṇo gotamo nānujānāti. Te mayaṃ imehi pañcahi vatthūhi samādāya vattāma. Yassāyasmato imāni pañca vatthūni khamanti, so salākaṃ gaṇhātū’’ti.
那时,迭瓦达德在那天的伍波萨他日从座起,取筹说:「诸具寿,我们去见沙门果德玛后,请求五事——『世尊,大德,以种种方式赞叹少欲者……乃至……赞叹精进者。大德,这五事以种种方式导向少欲……乃至……导向精进。大德,善哉!愿比库们尽形寿住阿兰若;若有人下到村边,罪过将触及他……乃至……尽形寿不食鱼肉;若有人食鱼肉,罪过将触及他。』沙门果德玛不允许这五事。我们受持这五事而行。若诸具寿认可这五事,请取筹。」
Tena kho pana samayena vesālikā vajjiputtakā pañcamattāni bhikkhusatāni navakā ceva honti appakataññuno ca. Te – ‘ayaṃ dhammo , ayaṃ vinayo, idaṃ satthusāsana’nti – salākaṃ gaṇhiṃsu. Atha kho devadatto saṅghaṃ bhinditvā pañcamattāni bhikkhusatāni ādāya yena gayāsīsaṃ tena pakkāmi. Atha kho sāriputtamoggallānā yena bhagavā tenupasaṅkamiṃsu, upasaṅkamitvā bhagavantaṃ abhivādetvā ekamantaṃ nisīdiṃsu. Ekamantaṃ nisinno kho āyasmā sāriputto bhagavantaṃ etadavoca – ‘‘devadatto, bhante, saṅghaṃ bhinditvā pañcamattāni bhikkhusatāni ādāya yena gayāsīsaṃ tena pakkanto’’ti. ‘‘Na hi nāma tumhākaṃ, sāriputtā, tesu navakesu bhikkhūsu kāruññampi bhavissati? Gacchatha tumhe, sāriputtā, purā te bhikkhū anayabyasanaṃ āpajjantī’’ti. ‘‘Evaṃ bhante’’ti kho sāriputtamoggallānā bhagavato paṭissutvā uṭṭhāyāsanā bhagavantaṃ abhivādetvā padakkhiṇaṃ katvā yena gayāsīsaṃ tenupasaṅkamiṃsu.
那时,韦萨离的瓦基子约五百比库是新学且无知者。他们想「这是法,这是律,这是导师的教诫」而取筹。那时,迭瓦达德破僧后,带着约五百比库前往伽耶西沙。那时,沙利子和马哈摩嘎喇那去见世尊,抵达后,礼敬世尊,坐于一旁。坐于一旁的具寿沙利子对世尊如此说:「世尊,大德,迭瓦达德破僧后,带着约五百比库前往伽耶西沙。」「沙利子,难道你们对那些新学比库没有悲悯吗?沙利子,你们去吧,在那些比库陷入灾难与不幸之前。」「是的,大德。」沙利子和马哈摩嘎喇那应诺世尊后,从座起,礼敬世尊,作右绕后,前往伽耶西沙。
Tena kho pana samayena aññataro bhikkhu bhagavato avidūre rodamāno ṭhito hoti. Atha kho bhagavā taṃ bhikkhuṃ etadavoca – ‘‘kissa tvaṃ, bhikkhu, rodasī’’ti? ‘‘Yepi te, bhante, bhagavato aggasāvakā sāriputtamoggallānā tepi devadattassa santike gacchanti devadattassa dhammaṃ rocentā’’ti. ‘‘Aṭṭhānametaṃ, bhikkhu, anavakāso, yaṃ sāriputtamoggallānā devadattassa dhammaṃ roceyyuṃ, api ca te gatā bhikkhūnaṃ saññattiyā’’ti .
那时,某位比库在世尊不远处站着哭泣。那时,世尊对那位比库如此说:「比库,你为何哭泣?」「大德,那些世尊的上首弟子沙利子和马哈摩嘎喇那也去迭瓦达德处,喜欢迭瓦达德的法。」「比库,这是须跋的,无有此理,沙利子和马哈摩嘎喇那会喜欢迭瓦达德的法,但他们去是为了劝导比库们。」
§345
Tena kho pana samayena devadatto mahatiyā parisāya parivutto dhammaṃ desento nisinno hoti. Addasā kho devadatto sāriputtamoggallāne dūratova āgacchante. Disvāna bhikkhū āmantesi – ‘‘passatha, bhikkhave, yāva svākkhāto mayā dhammo, yepi te samaṇassa gotamassa aggasāvakā sāriputtamoggallānā tepi mama santike āgacchanti. Mama dhammaṃ rocentā’’ti. Evaṃ vutte kokāliko devadattaṃ etadavoca – ‘‘mā, āvuso devadatta, sāriputtamoggallāne vissasi . Pāpicchā sāriputtamoggallānā , pāpikānaṃ icchānaṃ vasaṃ gatā’’ti. ‘‘Alaṃ, āvuso. Svāgataṃ tesaṃ yato me dhammaṃ rocentī’’ti.
那时,迭瓦达德被大众围绕,坐着说法。迭瓦达德从远处看见沙利子和马哈摩嘎喇那来,看见后对比库们说:「诸比库,看啊!我的法说得多么善妙,那些沙门果德玛的上首弟子沙利子和马哈摩嘎喇那也来我处,喜欢我的法。」如此说时,果咖离咖对迭瓦达德如此说:「具寿迭瓦达德,不要信任沙利子和马哈摩嘎喇那。沙利子和马哈摩嘎喇那是恶欲者,受恶欲控制。」「够了,具寿。欢迎他们,因为他们喜欢我的法。」
Atha kho devadatto āyasmantaṃ sāriputtaṃ upaḍḍhāsanena nimantesi – ‘‘ehāvuso sāriputta, idha nisīdāhī’’ti. ‘‘Alaṃ āvuso’’ti kho āyasmā sāriputto aññataraṃ āsanaṃ gahetvā ekamantaṃ nisīdi. Āyasmāpi kho mahāmoggallāno aññataraṃ āsanaṃ gahetvā ekamantaṃ nisīdi. Atha kho devadatto bahudeva rattiṃ bhikkhū dhammiyā kathāya sandassetvā samādapetvā samuttejetvā sampahaṃsetvā āyasmantaṃ sāriputtaṃ ajjhesi – ‘‘vigatathinamiddho kho, āvuso sāriputta, bhikkhusaṅgho. Paṭibhātu taṃ, āvuso sāriputta, bhikkhūnaṃ dhammī kathā, piṭṭhi me āgilāyati, tamahaṃ āyamissāmī’’ti. ‘‘Evamāvuso’’ti kho āyasmā sāriputto devadattassa paccassosi. Atha kho devadatto catugguṇaṃ saṅghāṭiṃ paññāpetvā dakkhiṇena passena seyyaṃ kappesi. Tassa kilamantassa muṭṭhassatissa asampajānassa muhuttakeneva niddā okkami.
那时,迭瓦达德以半座邀请具寿沙利子:「来吧,具寿沙利子,请坐这里。」「够了,具寿。」具寿沙利子取了另一座位,坐于一旁。具寿马哈摩嘎喇那也取了另一座位,坐于一旁。那时,迭瓦达德以法语示教、劝导、鼓励、使比库们欢喜了大半夜后,对具寿沙利子说:「具寿沙利子,比库僧团已离昏沉睡眠。具寿沙利子,请你为比库们说法语,我的背痛,我要舒展它。」「是的,具寿。」具寿沙利子应诺迭瓦达德。那时,迭瓦达德铺设四折桑喀帝后,以右胁作狮子卧。他疲倦、失念、不正知,片刻间睡眠袭来。
Atha kho āyasmā sāriputto ādesanāpāṭihāriyānusāsaniyā bhikkhū dhammiyā kathāya ovadi anusāsi. Āyasmā mahāmoggallāno iddhipāṭihāriyānusāsaniyā bhikkhū dhammiyā kathāya ovadi anusāsi. Atha kho tesaṃ bhikkhūnaṃ āyasmatā sāriputtena ādesanāpāṭihāriyānusāsaniyā āyasmatā ca mahāmoggallānena iddhipāṭihāriyānusāsaniyā ovadiyamānānaṃ anusāsiyamānānaṃ virajaṃ vītamalaṃ dhammacakkhuṃ udapādi – yaṃ kiñci samudayadhammaṃ, sabbaṃ taṃ nirodhadhammanti.
那时,具寿沙利子以示教神变的教诫,以法语教诫、劝导比库们。具寿马哈摩嘎喇那以神通神变的教诫,以法语教诫、劝导比库们。那时,那些比库被具寿沙利子以示教神变的教诫、被具寿马哈摩嘎喇那以神通神变的教诫所教诫、劝导时,生起了远尘离垢的法眼——凡任何集法,一切皆是灭法。
Atha kho āyasmā sāriputto bhikkhū āmantesi – ‘‘gacchāma mayaṃ, āvuso, bhagavato santike. Yo tassa bhagavato dhammaṃ rocesi so āgacchatū’’ti. Atha kho sāriputtamoggallānā tāni pañcabhikkhusatāni ādāya yena veḷuvanaṃ tenupasaṅkamiṃsu. Atha kho kokāliko devadattaṃ uṭṭhāpesi – ‘‘uṭṭhehi, āvuso devadatta, nītā te bhikkhū sāriputtamoggallānehi. Nanu tvaṃ, āvuso devadatta, mayā vutto – ‘mā, āvuso devadatta, sāriputtamoggallāne vissāsi. Pāpicchā sāriputtamoggallānā, pāpikānaṃ icchānaṃ vasaṃ gatā’’’ti? Atha kho devadattassa tattheva uṇhaṃ lohitaṃ mukhato uggañchi.
那时,具寿沙利子告诉诸比库:「诸具寿,我们去世尊那里吧。凡对世尊的法感到欢喜者,就来吧!」那时,沙利子与摩嘎剌那带着那五百位比库前往竹林。那时,果咖利咖唤醒迭瓦达德:「起来吧,具寿迭瓦达德,你的比库们被沙利子与摩嘎剌那带走了。具寿迭瓦达德,我不是对你说过吗:『具寿迭瓦达德,不要信任沙利子与摩嘎剌那。沙利子与摩嘎剌那是恶欲者,已落入诸恶欲的控制』?」那时,迭瓦达德当场从口中涌出热血。
Atha kho sāriputtamoggallānā yena bhagavā tenupasaṅkamiṃsu, upasaṅkamitvā bhagavantaṃ abhivādetvā ekamantaṃ nisīdisuṃ. Ekamantaṃ nisinno kho āyasmā sāriputto bhagavantaṃ etadavoca – ‘‘sādhu, bhante , bhedakānuvattakā bhikkhū puna upasampajjeyyu’’nti. ‘‘Alaṃ, sāriputta. Mā te rucci bhedakānuvattakānaṃ bhikkhūnaṃ puna upasampadā. Tena hi tvaṃ, sāriputta, bhedakānuvattake bhikkhū thullaccayaṃ desāpehi. Kathaṃ pana te, sāriputta, devadatto paṭipajjī’’ti? ‘‘Yatheva, bhante, bhagavā bahudeva rattiṃ bhikkhū dhammiyā kathāya sandassetvā samādapetvā samuttejetvā sampahaṃsetvā maṃ ajjhesati – ‘vigatathinamiddho kho , sāriputta, bhikkhusaṅgho; paṭibhātu taṃ, sāriputta, bhikkhūnaṃ dhammī kathā, piṭṭhi me āgilāyati, tamahaṃ āyamissāmī’ti, evameva kho, bhante, devadatto paṭipajjī’’ti.
那时,沙利子与摩嘎剌那前往世尊那里,抵达后,礼敬世尊,在一旁坐下。在一旁坐下的具寿沙利子对世尊如此说:「尊者,善哉!随从破僧者的诸比库应该再受达上。」「够了,沙利子。不要让你欢喜随从破僧者的诸比库再受达上。那么,沙利子,你应该使随从破僧者的诸比库忏悔土喇吒亚。沙利子,迭瓦达德如何行事呢?」「尊者,正如世尊在大半夜以法语开示、劝导、激励、使诸比库欢喜后,对我说:『沙利子,比库僧团已离昏沉睡眠;沙利子,你应该对诸比库说法语,我的背部疲劳,我要舒展它』,尊者,迭瓦达德就是如此行事的。」
§346
Atha kho bhagavā bhikkhū āmantesi – ‘‘bhūtapubbaṃ, bhikkhave, araññāyatane mahāsarasī. Taṃ nāgā upanissāya vihariṃsu. Te taṃ sarasiṃ ogāhetvā, soṇḍāya bhisamuḷālaṃ abbuhitvā, suvikkhālitaṃ vikkhāletvā, akaddamaṃ saṅkhāditvā, ajjhoharanti. Tesaṃ taṃ vaṇṇāya ceva hoti, balāya ca. Na ca tatonidānaṃ maraṇaṃ vā nigacchanti, maraṇamattaṃ vā dukkhaṃ. Tesaṃyeva kho pana, bhikkhave, mahānāgānaṃ anusikkhamānā taruṇā bhiṅkacchāpā. Te taṃ sarasiṃ ogāhetvā, soṇḍāya bhisamuḷālaṃ abbuhitvā, na suvikkhālitaṃ vikkhāletvā, sakaddamaṃ saṅkhāditvā, ajjhoharanti. Tesaṃ taṃ neva vaṇṇāya hoti, na balāya. Tatonidānañca maraṇaṃ vā nigacchanti, maraṇamattaṃ vā dukkhaṃ. Evameva kho, bhikkhave, devadatto mamānukrubbaṃ kapaṇo marissatīti.
那时,世尊告诉诸比库:「诸比库,过去在林野之处有一大湖。诸龙依止那里而住。它们潜入那湖中,以鼻拔出莲藕根,善加洗净后,无泥地吞食。那对它们的容色与力量都有益。它们不会因此而遭受死亡或等同死亡的痛苦。诸比库,但是那些大龙的学习者——年幼的鳄鱼,它们潜入那湖中,以鼻拔出莲藕根,未善加洗净,带泥地吞食。那对它们的容色与力量都无益。它们因此而遭受死亡或等同死亡的痛苦。诸比库,同样地,迭瓦达德这可怜者将因模仿我而死。」
‘‘Mahāvarāhassa mahiṃ vikrubbato , bhisaṃ ghasānassa nadīsu jaggato;
「如大野猪掘地,在诸河中咀嚼莲藕而吼叫;
Bhiṅkova paṅkaṃ abhibhakkhayitvā, mamānukrubbaṃ kapaṇo marissatī’’ti.
如鳄鱼吞食泥土,这可怜者将因模仿我而死。」
§347
‘‘Aṭṭhahi, bhikkhave, aṅgehi samannāgato bhikkhu dūteyyaṃ gantumarahati. Katamehi aṭṭhahi? Idha, bhikkhave, bhikkhu sotā ca hoti, sāvetā ca, uggahetā ca, dhāretā ca, viññātā ca, viññāpetā ca, kusalo ca sahitāsahitassa, no ca kalahakārako – imehi kho, bhikkhave, aṭṭhahaṅgehi samannāgato bhikkhu dūteyyaṃ gantumarahati.
「诸比库,具足八支的比库值得去作使者。哪八支呢?诸比库,这里,比库是听者、能使听者、领受者、持者、了知者、能使了知者、善巧于适当与不适当者、不制造争论者——诸比库,具足这八支的比库值得去作使者。
‘‘Aṭṭhahi , bhikkhave, aṅgehi samannāgato sāriputto dūteyyaṃ gantumarahati. Katamehi aṭṭhahi? Idha, bhikkhave, sāriputto sotā ca hoti, sāvetā ca, uggahetā ca, dhāretā ca, viññātā ca, viññāpetā ca, kusalo ca sahitāsahitassa, no ca kalahakārako – imehi kho, bhikkhave, aṭṭhahaṅgehi samannāgato sāriputto dūteyyaṃ gantumarahatīti.
「诸比库,具足八支的沙利子值得去作使者。哪八支呢?诸比库,这里,沙利子是听者、能使听者、领受者、持者、了知者、能使了知者、善巧于适当与不适当者、不制造争论者——诸比库,具足这八支的沙利子值得去作使者。
‘‘Yo ve na byathati patvā, parisaṃ uggavādiniṃ;
「凡到达激烈言说的众中而不动摇者;
Na ca hāpeti vacanaṃ, na ca chādeti sāsanaṃ.
他不减损言语,也不隐藏教诫。
‘‘Asandiddho ca akkhāti , pucchito ca na kuppati;
「他无疑惑地说明,被问时不恼怒;
Sa ve tādisako bhikkhu, dūteyyaṃ gantumarahatī’’ti.
诸如此类的比库,值得前往作使者。」
§348
‘‘Aṭṭhahi, bhikkhave, asaddhammehi abhibhūto pariyādinnacitto devadatto āpāyiko nerayiko kappaṭṭho atekiccho. Katamehi aṭṭhahi ? Lābhena, bhikkhave, abhibhūto pariyādinnacitto devadatto āpāyiko nerayiko kappaṭṭho atekiccho; alābhena, bhikkhave…pe… yasena, bhikkhave…pe… ayasena, bhikkhave…pe… sakkārena, bhikkhave…pe… asakkārena, bhikkhave…pe… pāpicchatāya, bhikkhave…pe… pāpamittatāya bhikkhave, abhibhūto pariyādinnacitto devadatto āpāyiko nerayiko kappaṭṭho atekiccho – imehi kho, bhikkhave, aṭṭhahi asaddhammehi abhibhūto pariyādinnacitto devadatto āpāyiko nerayiko kappaṭṭho atekiccho.
「诸比库!被八种非善法所征服、心被占据的迭瓦达德,是堕恶趣者、地狱有情、住劫者、无救者。哪八种?诸比库!被利得所征服、心被占据的迭瓦达德,是堕恶趣者、地狱有情、住劫者、无救者;诸比库!被无利得……诸比库!被名声……诸比库!被无名声……诸比库!被恭敬……诸比库!被不恭敬……诸比库!被恶欲……诸比库!被恶友性所征服、心被占据的迭瓦达德,是堕恶趣者、地狱有情、住劫者、无救者——诸比库!被这八种非善法所征服、心被占据的迭瓦达德,是堕恶趣者、地狱有情、住劫者、无救者。
§349
‘‘Sādhu, bhikkhave, bhikkhu uppannaṃ lābhaṃ abhibhuyya abhibhuyya vihareyya, uppannaṃ alābhaṃ…pe… uppannaṃ yasaṃ… uppannaṃ ayasaṃ… uppannaṃ sakkāraṃ… uppannaṃ asakkāraṃ… uppannaṃ pāpicchataṃ… uppannaṃ pāpamittataṃ abhibhuyya abhibhuyya vihareyya. Kathañca, bhikkhave, bhikkhu atthavasaṃ paṭicca uppannaṃ lābhaṃ abhibhuyya abhibhuyya vihareyya, uppannaṃ alābhaṃ…pe… uppannaṃ yasaṃ… uppannaṃ ayasaṃ… uppannaṃ sakkāraṃ… uppannaṃ asakkāraṃ… uppannaṃ pāpicchataṃ… uppannaṃ pāpamittataṃ abhibhuyya abhibhuyya vihareyya? Yaṃ hissa, bhikkhave, uppannaṃ lābhaṃ anabhibhuyya viharato uppajjeyyuṃ āsavā vighātapariḷāhā, uppannaṃ lābhaṃ abhibhuyya abhibhuyya viharato evaṃsate āsavā vighātapariḷāhā na honti. Yaṃ hissa, bhikkhave, uppannaṃ alābhaṃ…pe… uppannaṃ yasaṃ… uppannaṃ ayasaṃ… uppannaṃ sakkāraṃ… uppannaṃ asakkāraṃ… uppannaṃ pāpicchataṃ… uppannaṃ pāpamittataṃ anabhibhuyya viharato uppajjeyyuṃ āsavā vighātapariḷāhā, uppannaṃ pāpamittataṃ abhibhuyya abhibhuyya viharato evaṃsate āsavā vighātapariḷāhā na honti. Idaṃ kho, bhikkhave, atthavasaṃ paṭicca uppannaṃ lābhaṃ abhibhuyya abhibhuyya vihareyya, uppannaṃ alābhaṃ…pe… uppannaṃ yasaṃ… uppannaṃ ayasaṃ… uppannaṃ sakkāraṃ… uppannaṃ asakkāraṃ… uppannaṃ pāpicchataṃ… uppannaṃ pāpamittataṃ abhibhuyya abhibhuyya vihareyya. Tasmātiha, bhikkhave, uppannaṃ lābhaṃ abhibhuyya abhibhuyya viharissāma, uppannaṃ alābhaṃ…pe… uppannaṃ yasaṃ… uppannaṃ ayasaṃ… uppannaṃ sakkāraṃ… uppannaṃ asakkāraṃ… uppannaṃ pāpicchataṃ… uppannaṃ pāpamittataṃ abhibhuyya abhibhuyya viharissāmāti; evañhi vo, bhikkhave, sikkhitabbanti.
「诸比库!善哉!比库应一再征服已生起的利得而住,应一再征服已生起的无利得……已生起的名声……已生起的无名声……已生起的恭敬……已生起的不恭敬……已生起的恶欲……已生起的恶友性而住。诸比库!比库如何依义利而一再征服已生起的利得而住,一再征服已生起的无利得……已生起的名声……已生起的无名声……已生起的恭敬……已生起的不恭敬……已生起的恶欲……已生起的恶友性而住?诸比库!若他不征服已生起的利得而住,会生起诸漏、恼害、热恼;一再征服已生起的利得而住,如此则无诸漏、恼害、热恼。诸比库!若他不征服已生起的无利得……已生起的名声……已生起的无名声……已生起的恭敬……已生起的不恭敬……已生起的恶欲……已生起的恶友性而住,会生起诸漏、恼害、热恼;一再征服已生起的恶友性而住,如此则无诸漏、恼害、热恼。诸比库!这就是依义利而应一再征服已生起的利得而住,应一再征服已生起的无利得……已生起的名声……已生起的无名声……已生起的恭敬……已生起的不恭敬……已生起的恶欲……已生起的恶友性而住。诸比库!因此,在此,我们应一再征服已生起的利得而住,应一再征服已生起的无利得……已生起的名声……已生起的无名声……已生起的恭敬……已生起的不恭敬……已生起的恶欲……已生起的恶友性而住;诸比库!你们应当如此学!」
§350
‘‘Tīhi, bhikkhave, asaddhammehi abhibhūto pariyādinnacitto devadatto āpāyiko nerayiko kappaṭṭho atekiccho. Katamehi tīhi? Pāpicchatā, pāpamittatā, oramattakena visesādhigamena antarā vosānaṃ āpādi – imehi kho, bhikkhave, tīhi asaddhammehi abhibhūto pariyādinnacitto devadatto āpāyiko nerayiko kappaṭṭho atekicchoti.
「诸比库!被三种非善法所征服、心被占据的迭瓦达德,是堕恶趣者、地狱有情、住劫者、无救者。哪三种?恶欲、恶友性、以下劣的殊胜证得而中途达到止息——诸比库!被这三种非善法所征服、心被占据的迭瓦达德,是堕恶趣者、地狱有情、住劫者、无救者。」
‘‘Mā jātu koci lokasmiṃ, pāpiccho udapajjatha;
「愿世间任何人,永不生起恶欲;
Tadamināpi jānātha, pāpicchānaṃ yathāgati.
以此也应知,诸恶欲者的去处。」
‘‘Paṇḍitoti samaññāto, bhāvitattoti sammato;
「被称为智者,被认为已修习自己;
Jalaṃva yasasā aṭṭhā, devadattoti me sutaṃ.
我听闻,迭瓦达德以名声覆盖,如同网。
‘‘So pamādaṃ anuciṇṇo, āsajja naṃ tathāgataṃ;
「他习行放逸,攻击如来;
Avīcinirayaṃ patto, catudvāraṃ bhayānakaṃ.
到达阿鼻地狱,四门可怖。
‘‘Aduṭṭhassa hi yo dubbhe, pāpakammaṃ akrubbato;
「对于无嗔者,若嗔恨,对未作恶业者;
Tameva pāpaṃ phusati, duṭṭhacittaṃ anādaraṃ.
那恶正触及,心怀恶意、无恭敬者。
‘‘Samuddaṃ visakumbhena, yo maññeyya padūsituṃ ;
「若有人想,以毒瓶污染大海;
Na so tena padūseyya, bhesmā hi udadhī mahā.
他不能以此污染它,因为大洋广大。
‘‘Evameva tathāgataṃ, yo vādenupahiṃsati;
「同样地,对于如来,若以诤论攻击他;
Samaggataṃ santacittaṃ, vādo tamhi na rūhati.
已和合、心寂静者,诤论于彼不生起。
‘‘Tādisaṃ mittaṃ krubbetha , tañca sevetha paṇḍito;
「应结交这样的朋友,智者应亲近他;
Yassa maggānugo bhikkhu, khayaṃ dukkhassa pāpuṇe’’ti.
随行其道的比库,得达苦的灭尽。」
Upālipañhā伍巴离问
§351
Atha kho āyasmā upāli yena bhagavā tenupasaṅkami, upasaṅkamitvā bhagavantaṃ abhivādetvā ekamantaṃ nisīdi. Ekamantaṃ nisinno kho āyasmā upāli bhagavantaṃ etadavoca – ‘‘saṅgharāji saṅgharājīti, bhante, vuccati. Kittāvatā nu kho, bhante, saṅgharāji hoti, no ca saṅghabhedo? Kittāvatā ca pana saṅgharāji ceva hoti saṅghabhedo cā’’ti?
那时,具寿伍巴离去到世尊那里,到了之后,礼敬世尊,坐在一边。坐在一边的具寿伍巴离对世尊这样说:「尊者,所谓『僧诤』、『僧诤』。尊者,到什么程度是僧诤而非僧团破裂?又到什么程度既是僧诤又是僧团破裂呢?」
‘‘Ekato , upāli, eko hoti, ekato dve, catuttho anussāveti, salākaṃ gāheti – ‘ayaṃ dhammo, ayaṃ vinayo, idaṃ satthusāsanaṃ, imaṃ gaṇhatha, imaṃ rocethā’ti. Evampi kho, upāli, saṅgharāji hoti, no ca saṅghabhedo. Ekato, upāli, dve honti, ekato dve, pañcamo anussāveti, salākaṃ gāheti – ‘ayaṃ dhammo, ayaṃ vinayo, idaṃ satthusāsanaṃ, imaṃ gaṇhatha, imaṃ rocethā’ti. Evampi kho, upāli, saṅgharāji hoti, no ca saṅghabhedo. Ekato, upāli, dve honti, ekato tayo, chaṭṭho anussāveti, salākaṃ gāheti – ‘ayaṃ dhammo, ayaṃ vinayo, idaṃ satthusāsanaṃ, imaṃ gaṇhatha, imaṃ rocethā’ti. Evampi kho, upāli, saṅgharāji hoti, no ca saṅghabhedo . Ekato, upāli, tayo honti, ekato tayo, sattamo anussāveti, salākaṃ gāheti – ‘ayaṃ dhammo, ayaṃ vinayo, idaṃ satthusāsanaṃ, imaṃ gaṇhatha, imaṃ rocethā’ti. Evampi kho, upāli, saṅgharāji hoti, no ca saṅghabhedo. Ekato, upāli, tayo honti, ekato cattāro, aṭṭhamo anussāveti, salākaṃ gāheti – ‘ayaṃ dhammo, ayaṃ vinayo, idaṃ satthusāsanaṃ, imaṃ gaṇhatha, imaṃ rocethā’ti. Evampi kho, upāli, saṅgharāji hoti, no ca saṅghabhedo. Ekato, upāli, cattāro honti, ekato cattāro, navamo anussāveti, salākaṃ gāheti – ‘ayaṃ dhammo, ayaṃ vinayo, idaṃ satthusāsanaṃ, imaṃ gaṇhatha, imaṃ rocethā’ti . Evaṃ kho, upāli, saṅgharāji ceva hoti saṅghabhedo ca. Navannaṃ vā, upāli, atirekanavannaṃ vā saṅgharāji ceva hoti saṅghabhedo ca. Na kho, upāli, bhikkhunī saṅghaṃ bhindati, api ca bhedāya parakkamati, na sikkhamānā saṅghaṃ bhindati…pe… na sāmaṇero saṅghaṃ bhindati, na sāmaṇerī saṅghaṃ bhindati, na upāsako saṅghaṃ bhindati, na upāsikā saṅghaṃ bhindati, api ca bhedāya parakkamati. Bhikkhu kho, upāli, pakatatto, samānasaṃvāsako, samānasīmāyaṃ ṭhito, saṅghaṃ bhindatī’’ti.
「伍巴离,一边一人,一边二人,第四人宣告,取筹:『这是法,这是律,这是导师的教诫,你们取此,你们认可此。』伍巴离,如此是僧诤而非僧团破裂。伍巴离,一边二人,一边二人,第五人宣告,取筹:『这是法,这是律,这是导师的教诫,你们取此,你们认可此。』伍巴离,如此是僧诤而非僧团破裂。伍巴离,一边二人,一边三人,第六人宣告,取筹:『这是法,这是律,这是导师的教诫,你们取此,你们认可此。』伍巴离,如此是僧诤而非僧团破裂。伍巴离,一边三人,一边三人,第七人宣告,取筹:『这是法,这是律,这是导师的教诫,你们取此,你们认可此。』伍巴离,如此是僧诤而非僧团破裂。伍巴离,一边三人,一边四人,第八人宣告,取筹:『这是法,这是律,这是导师的教诫,你们取此,你们认可此。』伍巴离,如此是僧诤而非僧团破裂。伍巴离,一边四人,一边四人,第九人宣告,取筹:『这是法,这是律,这是导师的教诫,你们取此,你们认可此。』伍巴离,如此既是僧诤又是僧团破裂。伍巴离,九人或超过九人,既是僧诤又是僧团破裂。伍巴离,比库尼不破僧团,但她努力于破裂;学法女不破僧团……沙玛内拉不破僧团,沙马内莉不破僧团,近事男不破僧团,近事女不破僧团,但他们努力于破裂。伍巴离,本性清净的比库,共同和合者,住于同一界内,破僧团。」
§352
‘‘Saṅghabhedo saṅghabhedoti, bhante, vuccati. Kittāvatā nu kho, bhante, saṅgho bhinno hotī’’ti?
「尊者,所谓『僧团破裂』、『僧团破裂』。尊者,到什么程度僧团是破裂的呢?」
‘‘Idhupāli, bhikkhū adhammaṃ dhammoti dīpenti, dhammaṃ adhammoti dīpenti, avinayaṃ vinayoti dīpenti, vinayaṃ avinayoti dīpenti, abhāsitaṃ alapitaṃ tathāgatena bhāsitaṃ lapitaṃ tathāgatenāti dīpenti, bhāsitaṃ lapitaṃ tathāgatena abhāsitaṃ alapitaṃ tathāgatenāti dīpenti, anāciṇṇaṃ tathāgatena āciṇṇaṃ tathāgatenāti dīpenti, āciṇṇaṃ tathāgatena anāciṇṇaṃ tathāgatenāti dīpenti, apaññattaṃ tathāgatena paññattaṃ tathāgatenāti dīpenti, paññattaṃ tathāgatena apaññattaṃ tathāgatenāti dīpenti, anāpattiṃ āpattīti dīpenti, āpattiṃ anāpattīti dīpenti, lahukaṃ āpattiṃ garukā āpattīti dīpenti, garukaṃ āpattiṃ lahukā āpattīti dīpenti, sāvasesaṃ āpattiṃ anavasesā āpattīti dīpenti, anavasesaṃ āpattiṃ sāvasesā āpattīti dīpenti, duṭṭhullaṃ āpattiṃ aduṭṭhulā āpattīti dīpenti, aduṭṭhullaṃ āpattiṃ duṭṭhullā āpattīti dīpenti. Te imehi aṭṭhārasahi vatthūhi apakassanti, avapakassanti, āveniṃ uposathaṃ karonti, āveniṃ pavāraṇaṃ karonti, āveniṃ saṅghakammaṃ karonti. Ettāvatā kho, upāli, saṅgho bhinno hotī’’ti.
「伍巴离,这里,诸比库说示非法为法,说示法为非法,说示非律为律,说示律为非律,说示如来未说未言者为如来所说所言,说示如来所说所言者为如来未说未言,说示如来未行者为如来所行,说示如来所行者为如来未行,说示如来未制定者为如来所制定,说示如来所制定者为如来未制定,说示非罪为罪,说示罪为非罪,说示轻罪为重罪,说示重罪为轻罪,说示有余罪为无余罪,说示无余罪为有余罪,说示粗重罪为非粗重罪,说示非粗重罪为粗重罪。他们以这十八事分离、分开,各别作伍波萨他,各别作自恣,各别作僧团甘马。伍巴离,到此程度僧团是破裂的。」
§353
‘‘Saṅghasāmaggī saṅghasāmaggīti, bhante, vuccati. Kittāvatā nu kho, bhante, saṅgho samaggo hotī’’ti? ‘‘Idhupāli, bhikkhū adhammaṃ adhammoti dīpenti, dhammaṃ dhammoti dīpenti, avinayaṃ avinayoti dīpenti, vinayaṃ vinayoti dīpenti, abhāsitaṃ alapitaṃ tathāgatena abhāsitaṃ alapitaṃ tathāgatenāti dīpenti, bhāsitaṃ lapitaṃ tathāgatena bhāsitaṃ lapitaṃ tathāgatenāti dīpenti, anāciṇṇaṃ tathāgatena anāciṇṇaṃ tathāgatenāti dīpenti, āciṇṇaṃ tathāgatena āciṇṇaṃ tathāgatenāti dīpenti, apaññattaṃ tathāgatena apaññattaṃ tathāgatenāti dīpenti, paññattaṃ tathāgatena paññattaṃ tathāgatenāti dīpenti, anāpattiṃ anāpattīti dīpenti, āpattiṃ āpattīti dīpenti, lahukaṃ āpattiṃ lahukā āpattīti dīpenti, garukaṃ āpattiṃ garukā āpattīti dīpenti, sāvasesaṃ āpattiṃ sāvasesā āpattīti dīpenti, anavasesaṃ āpattiṃ anavasesā āpattīti dīpenti , duṭṭhullaṃ āpattiṃ duṭṭhullā āpattīti dīpenti, aduṭṭhullaṃ āpattiṃ aduṭṭhullā āpattīti dīpenti. Te imehi aṭṭhārasahi vatthūhi na apakassanti, na avapakassanti, na āveniṃ uposathaṃ karonti, na āveniṃ pavāraṇaṃ karonti, na āveniṃ saṅghakammaṃ karonti. Ettāvatā kho, upāli, saṅgho samaggo hotī’’ti.
「尊者,所说『僧团和合、僧团和合』。尊者,僧团在何种程度上是和合的呢?」「伍巴离,于此,诸比库阐明非法为非法,阐明法为法,阐明非律为非律,阐明律为律,阐明如来未说未言者为如来未说未言,阐明如来已说已言者为如来已说已言,阐明如来未行者为如来未行,阐明如来已行者为如来已行,阐明如来未制者为如来未制,阐明如来已制者为如来已制,阐明非犯为非犯,阐明犯为犯,阐明轻罪为轻罪,阐明重罪为重罪,阐明有余罪为有余罪,阐明无余罪为无余罪,阐明粗重罪为粗重罪,阐明非粗重罪为非粗重罪。他们不以这十八事分离、不分开,不各别作伍波萨他,不各别作自恣,不各别作僧伽甘马。伍巴离,在此程度上,僧团是和合的。」
§354
‘‘Samaggaṃ pana, bhante, saṅghaṃ bhinditvā kiṃ so pasavatī’’ti? ‘‘Samaggaṃ kho, upāli, saṅghaṃ bhinditvā kappaṭṭhikaṃ kibbisaṃ pasavati, kappaṃ nirayamhi paccatī’’ti.
「尊者,破和合僧后,他造作什么呢?」「伍巴离,破和合僧后,他造作一劫住的恶业,在地狱中煎熬一劫。」
‘‘Āpāyiko nerayiko, kappaṭṭho saṅghabhedako;
「堕恶趣者、地狱有情、一劫住者是破僧者;
Vaggarato adhammaṭṭho, yogakkhemā padhaṃsati;
乐于派别、住于非法者,破坏离轭安稳;
Saṅghaṃ samaggaṃ bhinditvā, kappaṃ nirayamhi paccatī’’ti.
破和合僧后,在地狱中煎熬一劫。」
‘‘Bhinnaṃ pana, bhante, saṅghaṃ samaggaṃ katvā kiṃ so pasavatī’’ti? ‘‘Bhinnaṃ kho, upāli, saṅghaṃ samaggaṃ katvā brahmaṃ puññaṃ pasavati, kappaṃ saggamhi modatī’’ti.
「尊者,使破裂僧团和合后,他造作什么呢?」「伍巴离,使破裂僧团和合后,他造作梵福,在天界中欢喜一劫。」
‘‘Sukhā saṅghassa sāmaggī, samaggānañca anuggaho;
「僧团和合是安乐,和合者的随护;
Samaggarato dhammaṭṭho, yogakkhemā na dhaṃsati;
乐于和合、住于法者,不破坏离轭安稳;
Saṅghaṃ samaggaṃ katvāna, kappaṃ saggamhi modatī’’ti.
使僧团和合之后,一劫于天界欢喜。」
§355
‘‘Siyā nu kho, bhante, saṅghabhedako āpāyiko, nerayiko, kappaṭṭho, atekiccho’’ti? ‘‘Siyā, upāli, saṅghabhedako āpāyiko, nerayiko, kappaṭṭho, atekiccho’’ti.
「尊者,破僧者会是堕恶趣者、地狱有情、住一劫者、无救者吗?」「伍巴离,破僧者会是堕恶趣者、地狱有情、住一劫者、无救者。」
‘‘Siyā pana, bhante, saṅghabhedako na āpāyiko, na nerayiko, na kappaṭṭho, na atekiccho’’ti? ‘‘Siyā, upāli, saṅghabhedako na āpāyiko, na nerayiko, na kappaṭṭho, na atekiccho’’ti.
「然而,尊者,破僧者会不是堕恶趣者、不是地狱有情、不是住一劫者、不是无救者吗?」「伍巴离,破僧者会不是堕恶趣者、不是地狱有情、不是住一劫者、不是无救者。」
‘‘Katamo pana, bhante, saṅghabhedako āpāyiko, nerayiko, kappaṭṭho, atekiccho’’ti? ‘‘Idhupāli, bhikkhu adhammaṃ dhammoti dīpeti. Tasmiṃ adhammadiṭṭhi, bhede adhammadiṭṭhi, vinidhāya diṭṭhiṃ, vinidhāya khantiṃ, vinidhāya ruciṃ, vinidhāya bhāvaṃ, anussāveti, salākaṃ gāheti – ‘ayaṃ dhammo, ayaṃ vinayo, idaṃ satthusāsanaṃ, imaṃ gaṇhatha, imaṃ rocethā’ti. Ayampi kho, upāli, saṅghabhedako āpāyiko, nerayiko, kappaṭṭho, atekiccho.
「尊者,什么样的破僧者是堕恶趣者、地狱有情、住一劫者、无救者呢?」「伍巴离,这里,比库显示非法为法。对那个,他持非法见,在破裂时持非法见,确立见、确立忍、确立意乐、确立心态后,宣说,取筹:『这是法,这是律,这是导师的教诫,你们取这个,你们喜欢这个。』伍巴离,这样的破僧者也是堕恶趣者、地狱有情、住一劫者、无救者。
‘‘Puna caparaṃ, upāli, bhikkhu adhammaṃ dhammoti dīpeti. Tasmiṃ adhammadiṭṭhi, bhede dhammadiṭṭhi, vinidhāya diṭṭhiṃ, vinidhāya khantiṃ, vinidhāya ruciṃ, vinidhāya bhāvaṃ, anussāveti, salākaṃ gāheti – ‘ayaṃ dhammo, ayaṃ vinayo, idaṃ satthusāsanaṃ, imaṃ gaṇhatha, imaṃ rocethā’ti. Ayampi kho, upāli, saṅghabhedako āpāyiko, nerayiko, kappaṭṭho, atekiccho.
「再者,伍巴离,比库显示非法为法。对那个,他持非法见,在破裂时持法见,确立见、确立忍、确立意乐、确立心态后,宣说,取筹:『这是法,这是律,这是导师的教诫,你们取这个,你们喜欢这个。』伍巴离,这样的破僧者也是堕恶趣者、地狱有情、住一劫者、无救者。
‘‘Puna caparaṃ, upāli, bhikkhu adhammaṃ dhammoti dīpeti. Tasmiṃ adhammadiṭṭhi, bhede vematiko, vinidhāya diṭṭhiṃ, vinidhāya khantiṃ, vinidhāya ruciṃ, vinidhāya bhāvaṃ, anussāveti, salākaṃ gāheti – ‘ayaṃ dhammo, ayaṃ vinayo, idaṃ satthusāsanaṃ, imaṃ gaṇhatha, imaṃ rocethā’ti. Ayampi kho, upāli, saṅghabhedako āpāyiko, nerayiko, kappaṭṭho, atekiccho.
「再者,伍巴离,比库显示非法为法。对那个,他持非法见,在破裂时疑惑,确立见、确立忍、确立意乐、确立心态后,宣说,取筹:『这是法,这是律,这是导师的教诫,你们取这个,你们喜欢这个。』伍巴离,这样的破僧者也是堕恶趣者、地狱有情、住一劫者、无救者。
‘‘Puna caparaṃ, upāli, bhikkhu adhammaṃ dhammoti dīpeti. Tasmiṃ dhammadiṭṭhi, bhede adhammadiṭṭhi…pe… (tasmiṃ dhammadiṭṭhi bhede dhammadiṭṭhi) . Tasmiṃ dhammadiṭṭhi bhede vematiko. Tasmiṃ vematiko bhede adhammadiṭṭhi. Tasmiṃ vematiko bhede dhammadiṭṭhi. Tasmiṃ vematiko bhede vematiko vinidhāya diṭṭhiṃ, vinidhāya khantiṃ, vinidhāya ruciṃ, vinidhāya bhāvaṃ, anussāveti, salākaṃ gāheti – ‘ayaṃ dhammo, ayaṃ vinayo, idaṃ satthusāsanaṃ, imaṃ gaṇhatha, imaṃ rocethā’ti. Ayampi kho, upāli, saṅghabhedako āpāyiko, nerayiko, kappaṭṭho, atekiccho.
「再者,伍巴离,比库显示非法为法。对那个,他持法见,在破裂时持非法见……(对那个,他持法见,在破裂时持法见)。对那个,他持法见,在破裂时疑惑。对那个,他疑惑,在破裂时持非法见。对那个,他疑惑,在破裂时持法见。对那个,他疑惑,在破裂时疑惑,确立见、确立忍、确立意乐、确立心态后,宣说,取筹:『这是法,这是律,这是导师的教诫,你们取这个,你们喜欢这个。』伍巴离,这样的破僧者也是堕恶趣者、地狱有情、住一劫者、无救者。
‘‘Puna caparaṃ, upāli, bhikkhu dhammaṃ adhammoti dīpeti…pe… avinayaṃ vinayoti dīpeti… vinayaṃ avinayoti dīpeti… abhāsitaṃ alapitaṃ tathāgatena bhāsitaṃ lapitaṃ tathāgatenāti dīpeti… bhāsitaṃ lapitaṃ tathāgatena abhāsitaṃ alapitaṃ tathāgatenāti dīpeti… anāciṇṇaṃ tathāgatena āciṇṇaṃ tathāgatenāti dīpeti… āciṇṇaṃ tathāgatena anāciṇṇaṃ tathāgatenāti dīpeti… apaññattaṃ tathāgatena paññattaṃ tathāgatenāti dīpeti… paññattaṃ tathāgatena apaññattaṃ tathāgatenāti dīpeti… anāpattiṃ āpattīti dīpeti… āpattiṃ anāpattīti dīpeti… lahukaṃ āpattiṃ garukā āpattīti dīpeti… garukaṃ āpattiṃ lahukā āpattīti dīpeti… sāvasesaṃ āpattiṃ anavasesā āpattīti dīpeti… anavasesaṃ āpattiṃ sāvasesā āpattīti dīpeti… duṭṭhullaṃ āpattiṃ aduṭṭhullā āpattīti dīpeti… aduṭṭhullaṃ āpattiṃ duṭṭhullā āpattīti dīpeti… tasmiṃ adhammadiṭṭhi, bhede adhammadiṭṭhi…pe… tasmiṃ adhammadiṭṭhi, bhede dhammadiṭṭhi … tasmiṃ adhammadiṭṭhi, bhede vematiko… tasmiṃ dhammadiṭṭhi, bhede adhammadiṭṭhi… (tasmiṃ dhammadiṭṭhi, bhede dhammadiṭṭhi) … tasmiṃ dhammadiṭṭhi, bhede vematiko… tasmiṃ vematiko, bhede adhammadiṭṭhi… tasmiṃ vematiko, bhede dhammadiṭṭhi… tasmiṃ vematiko, bhede vematiko, vinidhāya diṭṭhiṃ, vinidhāya khantiṃ, vinidhāya ruciṃ, vinidhāya bhāvaṃ, anussāveti, salākaṃ gāheti – ‘ayaṃ dhammo, ayaṃ vinayo, idaṃ satthusāsanaṃ, imaṃ gaṇhatha, imaṃ rocethā’ti. Ayampi kho, upāli, saṅghabhedako āpāyiko, nerayiko, kappaṭṭho, atekiccho’’ti.
「再者,伍巴离,比库显示法为非法……显示非律为律……显示律为非律……显示如来未说、未言者为如来已说、已言……显示如来已说、已言者为如来未说、未言……显示如来未行者为如来已行……显示如来已行者为如来未行……显示如来未制定者为如来已制定……显示如来已制定者为如来未制定……显示非犯为犯……显示犯为非犯……显示轻罪为重罪……显示重罪为轻罪……显示有余罪为无余罪……显示无余罪为有余罪……显示粗重罪为非粗重罪……显示非粗重罪为粗重罪……对那个,他持非法见,在破裂时持非法见……对那个,他持非法见,在破裂时持法见……对那个,他持非法见,在破裂时疑惑……对那个,他持法见,在破裂时持非法见……(对那个,他持法见,在破裂时持法见)……对那个,他持法见,在破裂时疑惑……对那个,他疑惑,在破裂时持非法见……对那个,他疑惑,在破裂时持法见……对那个,他疑惑,在破裂时疑惑,确立见、确立忍、确立意乐、确立心态后,宣说,取筹:『这是法,这是律,这是导师的教诫,你们取这个,你们喜欢这个。』伍巴离,这样的破僧者也是堕恶趣者、地狱有情、住一劫者、无救者。」
‘‘Katamo pana, bhante, saṅghabhedako na āpāyiko, na nerayiko, na kappaṭṭho , na atekiccho’’ti? ‘‘Idhupāli, bhikkhu adhammaṃ dhammoti dīpeti. Tasmiṃ dhammadiṭṭhi, bhede dhammadiṭṭhi , avinidhāya diṭṭhiṃ, avinidhāya khantiṃ, avinidhāya ruciṃ, avinidhāya bhāvaṃ, anussāveti, salākaṃ gāheti – ‘ayaṃ dhammo, ayaṃ vinayo, idaṃ satthusāsanaṃ, imaṃ gaṇhatha, imaṃ rocethā’ti. Ayampi kho, upāli, saṅghabhedako na āpāyiko, na nerayiko, na kappaṭṭho, na atekiccho.
「尊者,什么样的破僧者不堕恶趣、不堕地狱、不住一劫、不是无救者呢?」「伍巴离,这里,比库将非法说为法。对此,他持法见,在破裂时持法见,不舍弃见,不舍弃忍可,不舍弃喜好,不舍弃意向,他宣说,取筹:『这是法,这是律,这是导师的教诫,你们取此,你们喜此。』伍巴离,这样的破僧者不堕恶趣、不堕地狱、不住一劫、不是无救者。」
‘‘Puna caparaṃ, upāli, bhikkhu dhammaṃ adhammoti dīpeti…pe… duṭṭhullaṃ āpattiṃ aduṭṭhullā āpattīti dīpeti. Tasmiṃ dhammadiṭṭhi, bhede dhammadiṭṭhi, avinidhāya diṭṭhiṃ, avinidhāya khantiṃ, avinidhāya ruciṃ, avinidhāya bhāvaṃ, anussāveti, salākaṃ gāheti – ‘ayaṃ dhammo, ayaṃ vinayo, idaṃ satthusāsanaṃ, imaṃ gaṇhatha, imaṃ rocethā’ti. Ayampi kho , upāli, saṅghabhedako na āpāyiko, na nerayiko, na kappaṭṭho, na atekiccho’’ti.
「再者,伍巴离,比库将法说为非法……乃至……将粗重罪说为非粗重罪。对此,他持法见,在破裂时持法见,不舍弃见,不舍弃忍可,不舍弃喜好,不舍弃意向,他宣说,取筹:『这是法,这是律,这是导师的教诫,你们取此,你们喜此。』伍巴离,这样的破僧者不堕恶趣、不堕地狱、不住一劫、不是无救者。」
Tatiyabhāṇavāro niṭṭhito. · 第三诵品完
Saṅghabhedakakkhandhako sattamo. · 破僧篇第七
Tassuddānaṃ – · 其偈颂
Anupiye abhiññātā, sukhumālo na icchati;
在阿奴比耶被了知,柔软者不欲求;
Kasā vapā abhi ninne, niddhā lāve ca ubbahe.
鞭、刀在低处,睡眠、唾液与高处。
Puñjamaddapalālañca, bhusaophuṇanīhare;
堆、压、稻草,糠、粉、取出;
Āyatimpi na khīyanti, pitaro ca pitāmahā.
未来也不减损,父亲们与祖父们。
Bhaddiyo anuruddho ca, ānando bhagu kimilo;
跋地亚与阿奴卢塔,阿难、跋咕、基米喇;
Sakyamāno ca kosambiṃ, parihāyi kakudhena ca.
释迦族人在国桑比,与咖古塔一起衰退。
Pakāsesi pituno ca, purise silaṃ nāḷāgiriṃ;
他向父亲揭露了,人们、戒、那拉基利象;
Tikapañcagaruko kho, bhindi thullaccayena ca;
三五重者确实,以粗重罪而破;
Tayo aṭṭha puna tīṇi, rāji bhedā siyā nu khoti.
三、八、再三,堆破可能有。
Saṅghabhedakakkhandhakaṃ niṭṭhitaṃ. · 破僧篇完