6. Opammakathāpañho6. 譬喻论问
6. Opammakathāpañho6. 譬喻论问
Mātikā · 论母
Bhante nāgasena, katihaṅgehi samannāgato bhikkhu arahattaṃ sacchikarotīti?
「尊者那先,比库具足多少支,能现证阿拉汉果?」
Idha, mahārāja, arahattaṃ sacchikātukāmena bhikkhunā –
「大王,在此,欲现证阿拉汉果的比库——」
Gadrabhassa ekaṃ aṅgaṃ gahetabbaṃ.
「应取驴的一支。」
Kukkuṭassa pañca aṅgāni gahetabbāni.
「应取鸡的五支。」
Kalandakassa ekaṃ aṅgaṃ gahetabbaṃ.
「应取松鼠的一支。」
Dīpiniyā ekaṃ aṅgaṃ gahetabbaṃ.
「应取母豹的一支。」
Dīpikassa dve aṅgāni gahetabbāni.
「应取灯的两支。」
Kummassa pañca aṅgāni gahetabbāni.
「应取龟的五支。」
Vaṃsassa ekaṃ aṅgaṃ gahetabbaṃ.
应取竹的一支分
Cāpassa ekaṃ aṅgaṃ gahetabbaṃ.
应取弓的一支分
Vāyasassa dve aṅgāni gahetabbāni.
应取乌鸦的两支分
Makkaṭassa dve aṅgāni gahetabbāni.
应取猴子的两支分
Gadrabhavaggo paṭhamo. · 驴品第一
Lābulatāya ekaṃ aṅgaṃ gahetabbaṃ.
应取葫芦藤的一支分
Padumassa tīṇi aṅgāni gahetabbāni.
应取莲花的三支分
Bījassa dve aṅgāni gahetabbāni.
应取种子的两支分
Sālakalyāṇikāya ekaṃ aṅgaṃ gahetabbaṃ.
应取沙喇咖喇尼咖的一支分
Nāvāya tīṇi aṅgāni gahetabbāni.
船应取三支。
Nāvālagganakassa dve aṅgāni gahetabbāni.
船桨应取二支。
Kūpassa ekaṃ aṅgaṃ gahetabbaṃ.
井应取一支。
Niyāmakassa tīṇi aṅgāni gahetabbāni.
舵手应取三支。
Kammakārassa ekaṃ aṅgaṃ gahetabbaṃ.
工人应取一支。
Samuddassa pañca aṅgāni gahetabbāni.
海应取五支。
Samuddavaggo dutiyo. · 海品第二
Pathaviyā pañca aṅgāni gahetabbāni.
地应取五支。
Āpassa pañca aṅgāni gahetabbāni.
水应取五支。
Tejassa pañca aṅgāni gahetabbāni.
应取火的五相。
Vāyussa pañca aṅgāni gahetabbāni.
应取风的五相。
Pabbatassa pañca aṅgāni gahetabbāni.
应取山的五相。
Ākāsassa pañca aṅgāni gahetabbāni.
应取虚空的五相。
Candassa pañca aṅgāni gahetabbāni.
应取月的五相。
Sūriyassa satta aṅgāni gahetabbāni.
应取日的七相。
Sakkassa tīṇi aṅgāni gahetabbāni.
应取萨咖的三相。
Cakkavattissa cattāri aṅgāni gahetabbāni.
应取转轮王的四相。
Pathavīvaggo tatiyo. · 地品第三
Upacikāya ekaṃ aṅgaṃ gahetabbaṃ.
应取蚊虫的一支
Biḷārassa dve aṅgāni gahetabbāni.
应取猫的两支
Undūrassa ekaṃ aṅgaṃ gahetabbaṃ.
应取老鼠的一支
Vicchikassa ekaṃ aṅgaṃ gahetabbaṃ.
应取蝎子的一支
Nakulassa ekaṃ aṅgaṃ gahetabbaṃ.
应取獴的一支
Jarasiṅgālassa dve aṅgāni gahetabbāni.
应取老豺狼的两支
Migassa tīṇi aṅgāni gahetabbāni.
应取鹿的三支
Gorūpassa cattāri aṅgāni gahetabbāni.
应取牛的四支
Varāhassa dve aṅgāni gahetabbāni.
应取野猪的两支
Hatthissa pañca aṅgāni gahetabbāni.
应取象的五支
Upacikāvaggo catuttho. · 蚁垤品第四
Sīhassa satta aṅgāni gahetabbāni.
应取狮子的七支
Cakkavākassa tīṇi aṅgāni gahetabbāni.
应取鹅的三支
Peṇāhikāya dve aṅgāni gahetabbāni.
应取蛇的两支
Gharakapotassa ekaṃ aṅgaṃ gahetabbaṃ.
应取家鸽的一支
Ulūkassa dve aṅgāni gahetabbāni.
应取猫头鹰的两支
Satapattassa ekaṃ aṅgaṃ gahetabbaṃ.
应取百舌鸟的一支
Vaggulissa dve aṅgāni gahetabbāni.
应取瓦咕利的两支。
Jalūkāya ekaṃ aṅgaṃ gahetabbaṃ.
应取水蛭的一支。
Sappassa tīṇi aṅgāni gahetabbāni.
应取蛇的三支。
Ajagarassa ekaṃ aṅgaṃ gahetabbaṃ.
应取蟒蛇的一支。
Sīhavaggo pañcamo. · 狮子品第五
Panthamakkaṭakassa ekaṃ aṅgaṃ gahetabbaṃ.
应取路上蝎子的一支。
Thanasitadārakassa ekaṃ aṅgaṃ gahetabbaṃ.
应取乳儿的一支。
Cittakadharakummassa ekaṃ aṅgaṃ gahetabbaṃ.
应取画持童子的一支。
Pavanassa pañca aṅgāni gahetabbāni.
应取风的五支。
Rukkhassa tīṇi aṅgāni gahetabbāni.
应取树的三支分。
Meghassa pañca aṅgāni gahetabbāni.
应取云的五支分。
Maṇiratanassa tīṇi aṅgāni gahetabbāni.
应取摩尼宝的三支分。
Māgavikassa cattāri aṅgāni gahetabbāni.
应取猎人的四支分。
Bāḷisikassa dve aṅgāni gahetabbāni.
应取渔夫的二支分。
Tacchakassa dve aṅgāni gahetabbāni.
应取木匠的二支分。
Makkaṭavaggo chaṭṭho. · 猴品第六
Kumbhassa ekaṃ aṅgaṃ gahetabbaṃ.
应取瓶的一支分。
Kāḷāyasassa dve aṅgāni gahetabbāni.
应取黑铁的二支分。
Chattassa tīṇi aṅgāni gahetabbāni.
应取伞的三支。
Khettassa tīṇi aṅgāni gahetabbāni.
应取田的三支。
Agadassa dve aṅgāni gahetabbāni.
应取药的二支。
Bhojanassa tīṇi aṅgāni gahetabbāni.
应取食物的三支。
Issāsassa cattāri aṅgāni gahetabbāni.
应取弓的四支。
Kumbhavaggo sattamo. · 瓶品第七
Rañño cattāri aṅgāni gahetabbāni.
应取王的四支。
Dovārikassa dve aṅgāni gahetabbāni.
应取守门者的二支。
Nisadāya ekaṃ aṅgaṃ gahetabbaṃ.
应取座的一支。
Padīpassa dve aṅgāni gahetabbāni.
应取灯的两支分
Mayūrassa dve aṅgāni gahetabbāni.
应取孔雀的两支分
Turaṅgassa dve aṅgāni gahetabbāni.
应取马的两支分
Soṇḍikassa dve aṅgāni gahetabbāni.
应取象的两支分
Indakhīlassa dve aṅgāni gahetabbāni.
应取门柱的两支分
Tulāya ekaṃ aṅgaṃ gahetabbaṃ.
应取秤的一支分
Khaggassa dve aṅgāni gahetabbāni.
应取剑的两支分
Macchassa dve aṅgāni gahetabbāni.
应取鱼的两支分
Iṇaggāhakassa ekaṃ aṅgaṃ gahetabbaṃ.
负债者的一支应被取。
Byādhitassa dve aṅgāni gahetabbāni.
病者的两支应被取。
Matassa dve aṅgāni gahetabbāni.
死者的两支应被取。
Nadiyā dve aṅgāni gahetabbāni.
河的两支应被取。
Usabhassa ekaṃ aṅgaṃ gahetabbaṃ.
公牛的一支应被取。
Maggassa dve aṅgāni gahetabbāni.
道路的两支应被取。
Suṅkasāyikassa ekaṃ aṅgaṃ gahetabbaṃ.
税吏的一支应被取。
Corassa tīṇi aṅgāni gahetabbāni.
盗贼的三支应被取。
Sakuṇagghiyā ekaṃ aṅgaṃ gahetabbaṃ.
应取鹰的一支。
Sunakhassa ekaṃ aṅgaṃ gahetabbaṃ.
应取狗的一支。
Tikicchakassa tīṇi aṅgāni gahetabbāni.
应取医者的三支。
Gabbhiniyā dve aṅgāni gahetabbāni.
应取孕妇的两支。
Camariyā ekaṃ aṅgaṃ gahetabbaṃ.
应取牦牛的一支。
Kikiyā dve aṅgāni gahetabbāni.
应取鸡的两支。
Kapotikāya tīṇi aṅgāni gahetabbāni.
应取鸽的三支。
Ekanayanassa dve aṅgāni gahetabbāni.
应取独眼者的两支。
Kassakassa tīṇi aṅgāni gahetabbāni.
应取农夫的三支。
Jambukasiṅgāliyā ekaṃ aṅgaṃ gahetabbaṃ.
应取豺的一支。
Caṅgavārakassa dve aṅgāni gahetabbāni.
应取鹭的两支。
Dabbiyā ekaṃ aṅgaṃ gahetabbaṃ.
应取猫的一支。
Iṇasādhakassa tīṇi aṅgāni gahetabbāni.
应取讨债者的三支。
Anuvicinakassa ekaṃ aṅgaṃ gahetabbaṃ.
应取侦察者的一支。
Sārathissa dve aṅgāni gahetabbāni.
应取御者的两支。
Bhojakassa dve aṅgāni gahetabbāni.
应取食者的两支。
Tunnavāyassa ekaṃ aṅgaṃ gahetabbaṃ.
应取织布者的一支。
Nāvikassa ekaṃ aṅgaṃ gahetabbaṃ.
应取船夫的一支。
Bhamarassa dve aṅgāni gahetabbānīti.
应取蜜蜂的两支。
Mātikā niṭṭhitā. · 论母完
1. Gadrabhavaggo
1. 驴品
1. Gadrabhaṅgapañho1. 驴喻问
§1
‘‘Bhante nāgasena, ‘gadrabhassa ekaṃ aṅgaṃ gahetabba’nti yaṃ vadesi, katamaṃ taṃ ekaṃ aṅgaṃ gahetabba’’nti? ‘‘Yathā, mahārāja, gadrabho nāma saṅkārakūṭepi catukkepi siṅghāṭakepi gāmadvārepi thusarāsimhipi yattha katthaci sayati, na sayanabahulo hoti, evameva kho, mahārāja, yoginā yogāvacarena tiṇasanthārepi paṇṇasanthārepi kaṭṭhamañcakepi chamāyapi yattha katthaci cammakhaṇḍaṃ pattharitvā yattha katthaci sayitabbaṃ, na sayanabahulena bhavitabbaṃ. Idaṃ, mahārāja, gadrabhassa ekaṃ aṅgaṃ gahetabbaṃ. Bhāsitampetaṃ, mahārāja, bhagavatā devātidevena ‘kaliṅgarūpadhānā, bhikkhave, etarahi mama sāvakā viharanti appamattā ātāpino padhānasmi’nti. Bhāsitampetaṃ, mahārāja, therena sāriputtena dhammasenāpatināpi –
「尊者那先,你说『应取驴的一支』,应取哪一支呢?」「大王,譬如驴,无论在垃圾堆、十字路口、村门口、糠堆,无论在何处都能躺卧,不贪睡眠。同样地,大王,瑜伽行者应当在草铺、叶铺、木床、地上,无论在何处铺展皮革片,无论在何处躺卧,都不应贪睡眠。大王,这是应取驴的一支。大王,世尊天中之天也说过:『诸比库,现在我的弟子们住于迦陵伽卧姿,不放逸、热诚、精进。』大王,法将沙利子长老也说过——」
‘‘‘Pallaṅkena nisinnassa, jaṇṇukenābhivassati;
「以结跏趺坐而坐者,膝盖被雨淋湿;」
Alaṃ phāsuvihārāya, pahitattassa bhikkhuno’’’ti.
「对于精勤的比库,足以安乐住。」
Gadrabhaṅgapañho paṭhamo. · 驴喻问第一
2. Kukkuṭaṅgapañho2. 鸡喻问
§2
‘‘Bhante nāgasena, ‘kukkuṭassa pañca aṅgāni gahetabbānī’ti yaṃ vadesi, katamāni tāni pañca aṅgāni gahetabbānī’’ti? ‘‘Yathā, mahārāja, kukkuṭo kālena samayena paṭisallīyati, evameva kho, mahārāja, yoginā yogāvacarena kālena samayeneva cetiyaṅgaṇaṃ sammajjitvā pānīyaṃ paribhojanīyaṃ upaṭṭhapetvā sarīraṃ paṭijaggitvā nahāyitvā cetiyaṃ vanditvā vuḍḍhānaṃ bhikkhūnaṃ dassanāya gantvā kālena samayena suññāgāraṃ pavisitabbaṃ. Idaṃ, mahārāja, kukkuṭassa paṭhamaṃ aṅgaṃ gahetabbaṃ.
「尊者那先,你说『应取鸡的五支』,应取哪五支呢?」「大王,譬如鸡在适当的时候独处。同样地,大王,瑜伽行者应当在适当的时候打扫塔院,准备饮水和食物,照顾身体,沐浴后礼敬塔,前往拜见长老比库们,在适当的时候进入空闲处。大王,这是应取鸡的第一支。」
‘‘Puna caparaṃ, mahārāja, kukkuṭo kālena samayeneva vuṭṭhāti. Evameva kho, mahārāja, yoginā yogāvacarena kālena samayeneva vuṭṭhahitvā cetiyaṅgaṇaṃ sammajjitvā pānīyaṃ paribhojanīyaṃ upaṭṭhapetvā sarīraṃ paṭijaggitvā cetiyaṃ vanditvā punadeva suññāgāraṃ pavisitabbaṃ. Idaṃ, mahārāja, kukkuṭassa dutiyaṃ aṅgaṃ gahetabbaṃ.
「再者,大王,鸡在适当的时候起来。同样地,大王,瑜伽者、修行者应在适当的时候起来,打扫塔院,准备饮用水和漱口水,守护身体,礼敬塔后,再进入空闲处。大王,这是应取鸡的第二支。」
‘‘Puna caparaṃ, mahārāja, kukkuṭo pathaviṃ khaṇitvā khaṇitvā ajjhohāraṃ ajjhoharati. Evameva kho, mahārāja, yoginā yogāvacarena paccavekkhitvā paccavekkhitvā ajjhohāraṃ ajjhoharitabbaṃ ‘neva davāya na madāya na maṇḍanāya na vibhūsanāya, yāvadeva imassa kāyassa ṭhitiyā yāpanāya vihiṃsūparatiyā brahmacariyānuggahāya, iti purāṇañca vedanaṃ paṭihaṅkhāmi navañca vedanaṃ na uppādessāmi, yātrā ca me bhavissati anavajjatā ca phāsuvihāro cā’ti. Idaṃ, mahārāja, kukkuṭassa tatiyaṃ aṅgaṃ gahetabbaṃ. Bhāsitampetaṃ, mahārāja, bhagavatā devātidevena –
「再者,大王,鸡掘地、掘地后觅食。同样地,大王,瑜伽者、修行者应省察、省察后觅食:『非为嬉戏,非为骄慢,非为装饰,非为庄严,只是为了此身的住立、存续,为了止息伤害,为了资助梵行,如此我将灭除旧受,不生起新受,我将有存活、无过失与安乐住。』大王,这是应取鸡的第三支。大王,这也是世尊、天中之天所说——」
‘‘‘Kantāre puttamaṃsaṃva, akkhassabbhañjanaṃ yathā;
「『如旷野中子肉,如车轴之涂油;」
Evaṃ āhari āhāraṃ, yāpanatthamamucchito’ti.
「如是觅食食物,为存续不贪著。』」
‘‘Puna caparaṃ, mahārāja, kukkuṭo sacakkhukopi rattiṃ andho hoti. Evameva kho, mahārāja, yoginā yogāvacarena anandheneva andhena viya bhavitabbaṃ, araññepi gocaragāme piṇḍāya carantenapi rajanīyesu rūpasaddagandharasaphoṭṭhabbadhammesu andhena badhirena mūgena viya bhavitabbaṃ, na nimittaṃ gahetabbaṃ, nānubyañjanaṃ gahetabbaṃ. Idaṃ, mahārāja, kukkuṭassa catutthaṃ aṅgaṃ gahetabbaṃ. Bhāsitampetaṃ, mahārāja, therena mahākaccāyanena –
「再者,大王,鸡虽有眼,夜晚却是盲的。同样地,大王,瑜伽者、修行者虽非盲者,应如盲者,在森林中、在村落中行乞食时,对于可染著的色、声、香、味、触、法,应如盲者、聋者、哑者,不应取相,不应取随相。大王,这是应取鸡的第四支。大王,这也是长老摩诃咖吒亚那所说——」
‘Cakkhumāssa yathā andho, sotavā badhiro yathā;
「『有眼者如盲者,有耳者如聋者;」
Paññavāssa yathā mūgo, balavā dubbaloriva;
「有慧者如哑者,有力者如弱者;」
Attaatthe samuppanne, sayetha matasāyika’nti.
「当自义生起时,应如死者而卧。』」
‘‘Puna caparaṃ, mahārāja, kukkuṭo leḍḍudaṇḍalaguḷamuggarehi paripātiyantopi sakaṃ gehaṃ na vijahati. Evameva kho, mahārāja, yoginā yogāvacarena cīvarakammaṃ karontenapi navakammaṃ karontenapi vattappaṭivattaṃ karontenapi uddisantenapi uddisāpentenapi yoniso manasikāro na vijahitabbo, sakaṃ kho panetaṃ, mahārāja, yogino gehaṃ, yadidaṃ yoniso manasikāro . Idaṃ, mahārāja, kukkuṭassa pañcamaṃ aṅgaṃ gahetabbaṃ . Bhāsitampetaṃ, mahārāja, bhagavatā devātidevena ‘ko ca, bhikkhave, bhikkhuno gocaro sako pettiko visayo? Yadidaṃ cattāro satipaṭṭhānā’ti. Bhāsitampetaṃ, mahārāja, therena sāriputtena dhammasenāpatināpi –
「再者,大王,鸡即使被石块、棍棒、土块、锤子击打,也不舍弃自己的家。同样地,大王,瑜伽行者在做衣业时、在做新业时、在做应作与不应作时、在教授时、在令教授时,也不应舍弃如理作意。大王,这如理作意确实是瑜伽行者自己的家。大王,这是应取鸡的第五支。大王,这也是世尊、天中之天所说:『诸比库,什么是比库的行处、自己的父祖之域?即须跋。』大王,这也是法将长老沙利子所说——」
‘‘‘Yathā sudanto mātaṅgo, sakaṃ soṇḍaṃ na maddati;
「『如善调御的象,不践踏自己的鼻;」
Bhakkhābhakkhaṃ vijānāti, attano vuttikappanaṃ.
「『了知可食与不可食,自己的生活资具。」
‘‘‘Tatheva buddhaputtena, appamattena vā pana;
「『同样地,佛子应当,或者不放逸者;」
Jinavacanaṃ na madditabbaṃ, manasikāravaruttama’’’nti.
「『不应践踏胜者之语,作意中最上者。』」
Kukkuṭaṅgapañho dutiyo. · 鸡喻问第二
3. Kalandakaṅgapañho3. 松鼠喻问
§3
‘‘Bhante nāgasena, ‘kalandakassa ekaṃ aṅgaṃ gahetabba’nti yaṃ vadesi, katamaṃ taṃ ekaṃ aṅgaṃ gahetabba’’nti? ‘‘Yathā, mahārāja, kalandako paṭisattumhi opatante naṅguṭṭhaṃ papphoṭetvā mahantaṃ katvā teneva naṅguṭṭhalaguḷena paṭisattuṃ paṭibāhati, evameva kho, mahārāja, yoginā yogāvacarena kilesasattumhi opatante satipaṭṭhānalaguḷaṃ papphoṭetvā mahantaṃ katvā teneva satipaṭṭhānalaguḷena sabbakilesā paṭibāhitabbā. Idaṃ, mahārāja, kalandakassa ekaṃ aṅgaṃ gahetabbaṃ. Bhāsitampetaṃ, mahārāja, therena cūḷapanthakena –
「尊者那先,你所说的『应取松鼠的一支』,应取哪一支?」「大王,譬如松鼠在敌人来袭时,膨胀尾巴使之变大,以那尾巴球击退敌人。同样地,大王,瑜伽行者在烦恼敌来袭时,应膨胀须跋球使之变大,以那须跋球击退一切烦恼。大王,这是应取松鼠的一支。大王,这也是长老朱喇般他咖所说——」
‘Yadā kilesā opatanti, sāmaññaguṇadhaṃsanā;
「『当诸烦恼来袭时,破坏沙门功德;」
Satipaṭṭhānalaguḷena, hantabbā te punappuna’’’nti.
「『应以须跋球,一再击杀它们。』」
Kalandakaṅgapañho tatiyo. · 松鼠喻问第三
4. Dīpiniyaṅgapañho4. 母豹喻问
§4
‘‘Bhante nāgasena, ‘dīpiniyā ekaṃ aṅgaṃ gahetabba’nti yaṃ vadesi, katamaṃ taṃ ekaṃ aṅgaṃ gahetabba’’nti? ‘‘Yathā, mahārāja, dīpinī sakiṃ yeva gabbhaṃ gaṇhāti, na punappunaṃ purisaṃ upeti? Evameva kho, mahārāja, yoginā yogāvacarena āyatiṃ paṭisandhiṃ uppattiṃ gabbhaseyyaṃ cutiṃ bhedaṃ khayaṃ vināsaṃ saṃsārabhayaṃ duggatiṃ visamaṃ sampīḷitaṃ disvā ‘punabbhave nappaṭisandahissāmī’ti yoniso manasikāro karaṇīyo. Idaṃ, mahārāja, dīpiniyā ekaṃ aṅgaṃ gahetabbaṃ. Bhāsitampetaṃ, mahārāja, bhagavatā devātidevena suttanipāte dhaniyagopālakasutte –
「尊者那先,你说『应取母豹的一支』,应取的那一支是什么?」「大王,譬如母豹只怀胎一次,不再再亲近雄性。同样地,大王,瑜伽者、修行者见到未来的结生、出生、胎藏卧、死、破坏、灭尽、毁灭、轮回怖畏、恶趣、不平等、压迫后,应如理作意『我将不再结生于再有』。大王,这是应取母豹的一支。大王,这也是世尊、天中之天在《经集》《达尼亚牧牛者经》中所说——
‘‘‘Usabhoriva chetva bandhanāni, nāgo pūtilataṃva dālayitvā;
「『如公牛断绝诸束缚,如龙象破坏腐烂藤蔓;
Nāhaṃ punupessaṃ gabbhaseyyaṃ, atha ce patthayasī pavassa devā’’’ti.
我将不再进入胎藏卧,天啊,若你愿意,请降雨吧!』」
Dīpiniyaṅgapañho catuttho. · 母豹喻问第四
5. Dīpikaṅgapañho5. 豹喻问
§5
‘‘Bhante nāgasena, ‘dīpikassa dve aṅgāni gahetabbānī’ti yaṃ vadesi, katamāni tāni dve aṅgāni gahetabbānī’’ti? ‘‘Yathā, mahārāja, dīpiko araññe tiṇagahanaṃ vā vanagahanaṃ vā pabbatagahanaṃ vā nissāya nilīyitvā mige gaṇhāti, evameva kho, mahārāja, yoginā yogāvacarena vivekaṃ sevitabbaṃ araññaṃ rukkhamūlaṃ pabbataṃ kandaraṃ giriguhaṃ susānaṃ vanapatthaṃ abbhokāsaṃ palālapuñjaṃ appasaddaṃ appanigghosaṃ vijanavātaṃ manussarāhaseyyakaṃ paṭisallānasāruppaṃ; vivekaṃ sevamāno hi, mahārāja, yogī yogāvacaro nacirasseva chaḷabhiññāsu ca vasibhāvaṃ pāpuṇāti. Idaṃ, mahārāja, dīpikassa paṭhamaṃ aṅgaṃ gahetabbaṃ. Bhāsitampetaṃ, mahārāja, therehi dhammasaṅgāhakehi –
「尊者那先,你说『应取猎豹的两支』,应取的那两支是什么?」「大王,譬如猎豹依止于森林的草丛、林丛或山丛而潜伏,捕捉鹿群。同样地,大王,瑜伽者、修行者应亲近远离——森林、树下、山岳、洞窟、山洞、冢间、林野、露地、草堆——少声、少音、无人之风、适合人隐居、适合独坐。大王,亲近远离的瑜伽者、修行者不久即于六神通中达到自在。大王,这是应取猎豹的第一支。大王,这也是诸长老法集者所说——
‘‘‘Yathāpi dīpiko nāma, nilīyitvā gaṇhate mige;
「『譬如名为猎豹者,潜伏而捕捉诸鹿;
Tathevāyaṃ buddhaputto, yuttayogo vipassako;
如是此佛子,精勤瑜伽观者,
Araññaṃ pavisitvāna, gaṇhāti phalamuttama’nti.
进入森林后,获得最上果。』
‘‘Puna caparaṃ, mahārāja, dīpiko yaṃ kiñci pasuṃ vadhitvā vāmena passena patitaṃ na bhakkheti. Evameva kho, mahārāja, yoginā yogāvacarena veḷudānena vā pattadānena vā pupphadānena vā phaladānena vā sinānadānena vā mattikādānena vā cuṇṇadānena vā dantakaṭṭhadānena vā mukhodakadānena vā cātukamyatāya vā muggasupyatāya vā pāribhaṭa yatāya vā jaṅghapesanīyena vā vejjakammena vā dūtakammena vā pahiṇagamanena vā piṇḍapaṭipiṇḍena vā dānānuppadānena vā vatthuvijjāya vā nakkhattavijjāya vā aṅgavijjāya vā aññataraññatarena vā buddhappaṭikuṭṭhena micchājīvena nipphāditaṃ bhojanaṃ na bhuñjitabbaṃ vāmena passena patitaṃ pasuṃ viya dīpiko. Idaṃ, mahārāja, dīpikassa dutiyaṃ aṅgaṃ gahetabbaṃ. Bhāsitampetaṃ, mahārāja, therena sāriputtena dhammasenāpatinā –
「再者,大王,猎豹杀死任何兽类后,若倒在左侧则不食用。同样地,大王,瑜伽者、修行者不应食用以竹施、叶施、花施、果施、沐浴施、泥土施、粉末施、齿木施、漱口水施,或以谄媚、以豆汤、以按摩、以腿部按摩、以医疗业、以使者业、以派遣往来、以团食换团食、以施换施,或以地相学、星相学、肢相学,或以某种某种违背佛陀的邪命所获得的食物,如猎豹不食倒在左侧的兽类。大王,这是应取猎豹的第二支。大王,这也是长老沙利子法将所说——
‘‘‘Vacīviññattivipphārā, uppannaṃ madhupāyasaṃ;
「语表的扩展,生起了蜜粥;
Sace bhutto bhaveyyāhaṃ, sājīvo garahito mama.
若我食用了,我的活命将受责难。
‘‘‘Yadipi me antaguṇaṃ, nikkhamitvā bahī care;
「即使我的肠子,出来在外游走;
Neva bhindeyyamājīvaṃ, cajamānopi jīvita’’’nti.
我也不会破坏活命,即使舍弃生命。」
Dīpikaṅgapañho pañcamo. · 豹喻问第五
6. Kummaṅgapañho6. 龟喻问
§6
‘‘Bhante nāgasena, ‘kummassa pañca aṅgāni gahetabbānī’ti yaṃ vadesi, katamāni tāni pañca aṅgāni gahetabbānī’’ti? ‘‘Yathā, mahārāja, kummo udakacaro udakeyeva vāsaṃ kappeti, evameva kho, mahārāja, yoginā yogāvacarena sabbapāṇabhūtapuggalānaṃ hitānukampinā mettāsahagatena cetasā vipulena mahaggatena appamāṇena averena abyāpajjena sabbāvantaṃ lokaṃ pharitvā viharitabbaṃ. Idaṃ, mahārāja, kummassa paṭhamaṃ aṅgaṃ gahetabbaṃ.
「尊者那先,你说『应取龟的五支』,那应取的五支是哪些?」「大王,譬如龟是水行者,仅在水中建立住处,同样地,大王,瑜伽者、修瑜伽者应以慈俱行之心,对一切有息生命有情怀有利益与悲悯,以广大、无量、无怨、无害之心,遍满一切世间而住。大王,这是应取龟的第一支。
‘‘Puna caparaṃ, mahārāja, kummo udake uppilavanto sīsaṃ ukkhipitvā yadi koci passati, tattheva nimujjati gāḷhamogāhati ‘mā maṃ te puna passeyyu’nti, evameva kho, mahārāja, yoginā yogāvacarena kilesesu opatantesu ārammaṇasare nimujjitabbaṃ gāḷhamogāhitabbaṃ ‘mā maṃ kilesā puna passeyyu’nti. Idaṃ, mahārāja, kummassa dutiyaṃ aṅgaṃ gahetabbaṃ.
「再者,大王,龟在水中浮起时,抬起头,若见到任何人,即刻潜入,深深潜没『愿他们不再见我』,同样地,大王,瑜伽者、修瑜伽者在诸烦恼袭来时,应潜入所缘之湖,深深潜没『愿诸烦恼不再见我』。大王,这是应取龟的第二支。
‘‘Puna caparaṃ , mahārāja, kummo udakato nikkhamitvā kāyaṃ otāpeti, evameva kho, mahārāja, yoginā yogāvacarena nisajjaṭṭhānasayanacaṅkamato mānasaṃ nīharitvā sammappadhāne mānasaṃ otāpetabbaṃ. Idaṃ, mahārāja, kummassa tatiyaṃ aṅgaṃ gahetabbaṃ.
「再者,大王,龟从水中出来后晒身,同样地,大王,瑜伽者、修瑜伽者应从坐处、卧处、经行处取出心,在正勤中晒心。大王,这是应取龟的第三支。
‘‘Puna caparaṃ, mahārāja, kummo pathaviṃ khaṇitvā vivitte vāsaṃ kappeti, evameva kho, mahārāja, yoginā yogāvacarena lābhasakkārasilokaṃ pajahitvā suññaṃ vivittaṃ kānanaṃ vanapatthaṃ pabbataṃ kandaraṃ giriguhaṃ appasaddaṃ appanigghosaṃ pavivittamogāhitvā vivitte yeva vāsaṃ upagantabbaṃ. Idaṃ, mahārāja, kummassa catutthaṃ aṅgaṃ gahetabbaṃ. Bhāsitampetaṃ, mahārāja, therena upasenena vaṅgantaputtena –
「再者,大王,龟掘地后在隐僻处建立住处,同样地,大王,瑜伽者、修瑜伽者应舍弃利养、恭敬、名声,深入空闲、隐僻的林野、森林、山岳、洞窟、山洞,少声、少响,前往隐僻处住。大王,这是应取龟的第四支。大王,长老伍巴些那·旺甘答子也说过此事——
‘‘‘Vivittaṃ appanigghosaṃ, vāḷamiganisevitaṃ;
「比库应为了独处之缘故,亲近远离的、无喧闹的、野兽所栖息的住所。」
Seve senāsanaṃ bhikkhu, paṭisallānakāraṇā’ti.
「比库应为了独处之缘故,亲近远离的、无喧闹的、野兽所栖息的住所。」
‘‘Puna caparaṃ, mahārāja, kummo cārikaṃ caramāno yadi kañci passati vā, saddaṃ suṇāti vā, soṇḍipañcamāni aṅgāni sake kapāle nidahitvā appossukko tuṇhībhūto tiṭṭhati kāyamanurakkhanto, evameva kho, mahārāja, yoginā yogāvacarena sabbattha rūpasaddagandharasaphoṭṭhabbadhammesu āpatantesu chasu dvāresu saṃvarakavāṭaṃ anugghāṭetvā mānasaṃ samodahitvā saṃvaraṃ katvā satena sampajānena vihātabbaṃ samaṇadhammaṃ anurakkhamānena. Idaṃ, mahārāja, kummassa pañcamaṃ aṅgaṃ gahetabbaṃ. Bhāsitampetaṃ, mahārāja, bhagavatā devātidevena saṃyuttanikāyavare kummūpamasuttante –
「再者,大王,乌龟在行走时,若看见什么或听到声音,就将连同鼻子的五肢收入自己的壳中,无所事事、沉默地站立,守护着身体。同样地,大王,瑜伽者、修习瑜伽者,在一切色、声、香、味、触、法于六门来袭时,应打开防护之门,收摄心意,作防护,以念、以正知而住,守护沙门法。大王,这是应取乌龟的第五肢。大王,这也是世尊、天中之天在《相应尼柯耶》最胜的《龟喻经》中所说——
‘‘‘Kummova aṅgāni sake kapāle, samodahaṃ bhikkhu manovitakke;
「如龟将诸肢收入自己的壳中,比库收摄意寻思,
Anissito aññamaheṭhayāno, parinibbutonūpavadeyya kañcī’’’ti.
「无所依、不恼害他人,已般涅槃者不会诽谤任何人。」
Kummaṅgapañho chaṭṭho. · 龟喻问第六
7. Vaṃsaṅgapañho7. 竹喻问
§7
‘‘Bhante nāgasena, ‘vaṃsassa ekaṃ aṅgaṃ gahetabba’nti yaṃ vadesi, katamaṃ taṃ ekaṃ aṅgaṃ gahetabba’’nti? ‘‘Yathā, mahārāja, vaṃso yattha vāto, tattha anulometi, nāññatthamanudhāvati, evameva kho, mahārāja, yoginā yogāvacarena yaṃ buddhena bhagavatā bhāsitaṃ navaṅgaṃ satthu sāsanaṃ, taṃ anulomayitvā kappiye anavajje ṭhatvā samaṇadhammaṃ yeva pariyesitabbaṃ. Idaṃ, mahārāja, vaṃsassa ekaṃ aṅgaṃ gahetabbaṃ. Bhāsitampetaṃ mahārāja therena rāhulena –
「尊者那先,你所说的『应取竹子的一肢』,那应取的是哪一肢?」「大王,譬如竹子,风往哪里吹,它就往那里弯,不追随其他方向。同样地,大王,瑜伽者、修习瑜伽者,应随顺佛陀世尊所说的九分导师教法,住于适当的、无过失的,只应寻求沙门法。大王,这是应取竹子的一肢。大王,这也是长老拉胡喇所说——
‘‘‘Navaṅgaṃ buddhavacanaṃ, anulometvāna sabbadā;
「常常随顺九分佛语,
Kappiye anavajjasmiṃ, ṭhatvāpāyaṃ samuttari’’’nti.
「住于适当的、无过失的,此道超越。」
Vaṃsaṅgapañho sattamo. · 竹喻问第七
8. Cāpaṅgapañho8. 弓喻问
§8
‘‘Bhante nāgasena, ‘cāpassa ekaṃ aṅgaṃ gahetabba’nti yaṃ vadesi, katamaṃ taṃ ekaṃ aṅgaṃ gahetabba’’nti? ‘‘Yathā, mahārāja, cāpo sutacchito namito yāvaggamūlaṃ samakameva anunamati nappaṭitthambhati, evameva kho, mahārāja, yoginā yogāvacarena theranavamajjhimasamakesu anunamitabbaṃ nappaṭipharitabbaṃ. Idaṃ, mahārāja, cāpassa ekaṃ aṅgaṃ gahetabbaṃ. Bhāsitampetaṃ, mahārāja, bhagavatā devātidevena vidhura [puṇṇaka] jātake –
「尊者那先,你所说的『应取弓的一支』,应取的是哪一支呢?」「大王,譬如弓被善削、被弯曲,直到弓弦根部都均等地弯曲,不僵硬,同样地,大王,瑜伽行者应对长老、新学、中等者均等地弯曲,不应傲慢。大王,这是应取弓的一支。大王,这也是世尊、天中之天在维度拉[富那咖]本生中所说——
‘‘‘Cāpovūnudaro dhīro, vaṃso vāpi pakampaye ;
「『如弓弯曲的勇者,或使竹竿摇动;
Paṭilomaṃ na vatteyya, sa rājavasatiṃ vase’’’ti.
不应逆行,他应住于王宫。』」
Cāpaṅgapañho aṭṭhamo. · 弓喻问第八
9. Vāyasaṅgapañho9. 乌鸦喻问
§9
‘‘Bhante nāgasena, ‘vāyasassa dve aṅgāni gahetabbānī’ti yaṃ vadesi, katamāni tāni dve aṅgāni gahetabbānī’’ti? ‘‘Yathā, mahārāja, vāyaso āsaṅkitaparisaṅkito yattappayatto carati, evameva kho, mahārāja, yoginā yogāvacarena āsaṅkitaparisaṅkitena yattapayattena upaṭṭhitāya satiyā saṃvutehi indriyehi caritabbaṃ. Idaṃ, mahārāja, vāyasassa paṭhamaṃ aṅgaṃ gahetabbaṃ.
「尊者那先,你所说的『应取乌鸦的两支』,应取的是哪两支呢?」「大王,譬如乌鸦怀疑、警戒、勤勉地行动,同样地,大王,瑜伽行者应怀疑、警戒、勤勉,以现起的念、以防护的诸根而行。大王,这是应取乌鸦的第一支。
‘‘Puna caparaṃ, mahārāja, vāyaso yaṃ kiñci bhojanaṃ disvā ñātīhi saṃvibhajitvā bhuñjati, evameva kho, mahārāja, yoginā yogāvacarena ye te lābhā dhammikā dhammaladdhā antamaso pattapariyāpannamattampi, tathārūpehi lābhehi paṭivibhattabhoginā bhavitabbaṃ sīlavantehi sabrahmacārīhi. Idaṃ, mahārāja, vāyasassa dutiyaṃ aṅgaṃ gahetabbaṃ. Bhāsitampetaṃ, mahārāja, therena sāriputtena dhammasenāpatinā –
「再者,大王,乌鸦见到任何食物后,与亲族分享后才食用,同样地,大王,瑜伽行者对于那些如法的、如法获得的利养,乃至钵中所盛之量,应以这样的利养与具戒的同梵行者分享而食用。大王,这是应取乌鸦的第二支。大王,这也是长老沙利子、法的大将所说——
‘‘‘Sace me upanāmenti, yathāladdhaṃ tapassino;
「『若诸行者向我奉献,随所得的;
Sabbe saṃvibhajitvāna, tato bhuñjāmi bhojana’’’nti.
与一切分享后,然后我食用食物。』」
Vāyasaṅgapañho navamo. · 乌鸦喻问第九
10. Makkaṭaṅgapañho10. 猴喻问
§10
‘‘Bhante nāgasena, ‘makkaṭassa dve aṅgāni gahetabbānī’ti yaṃ vadesi, katamāni tāni dve aṅgāni gahetabbānī’’ti? ‘‘Yathā, mahārāja, makkaṭo vāsamupagacchanto tathārūpe okāse mahatimahārukkhe pavivitte sabbaṭṭhakasākhe bhīruttāṇe vāsamupagacchati, evameva kho, mahārāja , yoginā yogāvacarena lajjiṃ pesalaṃ sīlavantaṃ kalyāṇadhammaṃ bahussutaṃ dhammadharaṃ vinayadharaṃ piyaṃ garubhāvanīyaṃ vattāraṃ vacanakkhamaṃ ovādakaṃ viññāpakaṃ sandassakaṃ samādapakaṃ samuttejakaṃ sampahaṃsakaṃ evarūpaṃ kalyāṇamittaṃ ācariyaṃ nissāya viharitabbaṃ. Idaṃ, mahārāja, makkaṭassa paṭhamaṃ aṅgaṃ gahetabbaṃ.
「尊者那先,你所说的『应取猴子的两支』,应取的是哪两支呢?」「大王,譬如猴子前往住处时,在这样的处所——大树、寂静处、一切处有枝、恐怖的庇护所——前往住处,同样地,大王,瑜伽行者应依止这样的善友、老师而住——有惭、柔和、具戒、善法、多闻、持法、持律、可爱、应尊重、教诫者、堪受言语、劝诫者、教导者、指示者、令欢喜者、令激励者、令欣悦者。大王,这是应取猴子的第一支。
‘‘Puna caparaṃ, mahārāja, makkaṭo rukkhe yeva carati tiṭṭhati nisīdati, yadi niddaṃ okkamati, tattheva rattiṃ vāsamanubhavati. Evameva kho, mahārāja, yoginā yogāvacarena pavanābhimukhena bhavitabbaṃ, pavane yeva ṭhānacaṅkamanisajjāsayanaṃ niddaṃ okkamitabbaṃ, tattheva satipaṭṭhānamanubhavitabbaṃ. Idaṃ, mahārāja, makkaṭassa dutiyaṃ aṅgaṃ gahetabbaṃ. Bhāsitampetaṃ, mahārāja, therena sāriputtena dhammasenāpatinā –
「再者,大王,猕猴只在树上行走、站立、坐卧,若入睡眠,就在那里度过夜晚。同样地,大王,瑜伽行者应当面向林野,应当在林野中行走、站立、坐卧、入睡眠,应当就在那里体验须跋。大王,这是应当取猕猴的第二支。大王,这也是长老沙利子法将军所说——
‘‘‘Caṅkamantopi tiṭṭhanto, nisajjāsayanena vā;
「行走时或站立时,以坐卧之姿;
Pavane sobhate bhikkhu, pavanantaṃva vaṇṇita’’’nti.
比库在林野中庄严,林野之终被赞叹。」
Makkaṭaṅgapañho dasamo. · 猴喻问第十
Gadrabhavaggo paṭhamo. · 驴品第一
Tassuddānaṃ –
其摄颂——
Gadrabho ceva kukkuṭo, kalando dīpini dīpiko;
驴、公鸡、鹤、灯女、灯;
Kummo vaṃso ca cāpo ca, vāyaso atha makkaṭoti.
龟、竹、弓、乌鸦及猕猴。
2. Samuddavaggo
2. 海品
1. Lābulataṅgapañho1. 葫芦藤喻问
§1
‘‘Bhante nāgasena, ‘lābulatāya ekaṃ aṅgaṃ gahetabba’nti yaṃ vadesi, katamaṃ taṃ ekaṃ aṅgaṃ gahetabba’’nti? ‘‘Yathā, mahārāja, lābulatā tiṇe vā kaṭṭhe vā latāya vā soṇḍikāhi ālambitvā tassūpari vaḍḍhati, evameva kho, mahārāja, yoginā yogāvacarena arahatte abhivaḍḍhitukāmena manasā ārammaṇaṃ ālambitvā arahatte abhivaḍḍhitabbaṃ. Idaṃ, mahārāja, lābulatāya ekaṃ aṅgaṃ gahetabbaṃ. Bhāsitampetaṃ, mahārāja, therena sāriputtena dhammasenāpatinā –
「尊者那先,你所说的『应当取葫芦藤的一支』,应当取哪一支呢?」「大王,譬如葫芦藤以卷须攀附于草、木或藤,在其上生长;同样地,大王,瑜伽行者欲在阿拉汉果增长,应当以心攀附所缘,在阿拉汉果增长。大王,这是应当取葫芦藤的一支。大王,这也是长老沙利子法将军所说——
‘‘‘Yathā lābulatā nāma, tiṇe kaṭṭhe latāya vā;
「譬如葫芦藤,依于草、木或藤蔓,
Ālambitvā soṇḍikāhi, tato vaḍḍhati uppari.
以其卷须攀缘,从那里向上生长。
‘‘‘Tatheva buddhaputtena, arahattaphalakāminā;
「同样地,佛子希求阿拉汉果者,
Ārammaṇaṃ ālambitvā, vaḍḍhitabbaṃ asekkhaphale’’’ti.
应攀缘所缘,在无学果中增长。」
Lābulataṅgapañho paṭhamo. · 葫芦藤喻问第一
2. Padumaṅgapañho2. 莲花喻问
§2
‘‘Bhante nāgasena, ‘padumassa tīṇi aṅgāni gahetabbānī’ti yaṃ vadesi, katamāni tāni tīṇi aṅgāni gahetabbānī’’ti ? ‘‘Yathā, mahārāja, padumaṃ udake jātaṃ udake saṃvaddhaṃ anupalittaṃ udakena, evameva kho, mahārāja, yoginā yogāvacarena kule gaṇe lābhe yase sakkāre sammānanāya paribhogapaccayesu ca sabbattha anupalittena bhavitabbaṃ. Idaṃ, mahārāja, padumassa paṭhamaṃ aṅgaṃ gahetabbaṃ.
「尊者那先,你说『应取莲花的三个特质』,应取哪三个特质呢?」「大王,譬如莲花生于水中、长于水中,却不为水所染污,同样地,大王,瑜伽行者应在家族、群众、利养、名誉、恭敬、尊重及资具受用等一切处不被染污。大王,这是应取莲花的第一个特质。
‘‘Puna caparaṃ, mahārāja, padumaṃ udakā accuggamma ṭhāti. Evameva kho, mahārāja, yoginā yogāvacarena sabbalokaṃ abhibhavitvā accuggamma lokuttaradhamme ṭhātabbaṃ. Idaṃ, mahārāja, padumassa dutiyaṃ aṅgaṃ gahetabbaṃ.
「再者,大王,莲花从水中超出而立。同样地,大王,瑜伽行者应超越一切世间而立于出世间法。大王,这是应取莲花的第二个特质。
‘‘Puna caparaṃ, mahārāja, padumaṃ appamattakenapi anilena eritaṃ calati. Evameva kho, mahārāja, yoginā yogāvacarena appamattakesupi kilesesu saṃyamo karaṇīyo, bhayadassāvinā viharitabbaṃ. Idaṃ, mahārāja, padumassa tatiyaṃ aṅgaṃ gahetabbaṃ. Bhāsitampetaṃ, mahārāja, bhagavatā devātidevena ‘aṇumattesu vajjesu bhayadassāvī samādāya sikkhati sikkhāpadesū’ti.
「再者,大王,莲花即使被微小的风吹动也会摇动。同样地,大王,瑜伽行者即使对微小的烦恼也应作调伏,应住于见怖畏。大王,这是应取莲花的第三个特质。大王,世尊天中之天也说过:『于微细罪见怖畏,受持学习于诸学处。』」
Padumaṅgapañho dutiyo. · 莲花喻问第二
3. Bījaṅgapañho3. 种子喻问
§3
‘‘Bhante nāgasena, ‘bījassa dve aṅgāni gahetabbānī’ti yaṃ vadesi, katamāni tāni dve aṅgāni gahetabbānī’’ti? ‘‘Yathā, mahārāja, bījaṃ appakampi samānaṃ bhaddake khette vuttaṃ deve sammā dhāraṃ pavecchante subahūni phalāni anudassati, evameva kho, mahārāja, yoginā yogāvacarena yathā paṭipāditaṃ sīlaṃ kevalaṃ sāmaññaphalamanudassati. Evaṃ sammā paṭipajjitabbaṃ. Idaṃ, mahārāja, bījassa paṭhamaṃ aṅgaṃ gahetabbaṃ.
「尊者那先,你说『应取种子的两个特质』,应取哪两个特质呢?」「大王,譬如种子虽然很小,但播种在良田中,当天神正确地降雨时,能显示极多的果实,同样地,大王,瑜伽行者如法行持的戒,能完全显示沙门果。应如此正确地行持。大王,这是应取种子的第一个特质。
‘‘Puna caparaṃ, mahārāja, bījaṃ suparisodhite khette ropitaṃ khippameva saṃvirūhati, evameva kho, mahārāja, yoginā yogāvacarena mānasaṃ supariggahitaṃ suññāgāre parisodhitaṃ satipaṭṭhānakhettavare khittaṃ khippameva virūhati. Idaṃ, mahārāja, bījassa dutiyaṃ aṅgaṃ gahetabbaṃ . Bhāsitampetaṃ, mahārāja, therena anuruddhena –
「再者,大王,种子种植在善清净的田地,迅速地生长。同样地,大王,瑜伽者、瑜伽行者善把持的心,在空闲处清净,投入须跋田的胜处,迅速地生长。大王,这是应取种子的第二支分。大王,这也是长老阿奴卢塔所说——
‘‘‘Yathāpi khette parisuddhe, bījañcassa patiṭṭhitaṃ;
「『犹如在清净的田地,种子已安立;
Vipulaṃ tassa phalaṃ hoti, api toseti kassakaṃ.
它的果实丰硕,也满足耕作者。
‘‘‘Tatheva yogino cittaṃ, suññāgāre visodhitaṃ;
同样地,瑜伽者的心,在空闲处清净;
Satipaṭṭhānakhettamhi, khippameva virūhatī’’’ti.
在须跋田,迅速地生长。』」
Bījaṅgapañho tatiyo. · 种子喻问第三
4. Sālakalyāṇikaṅgapañho4. 娑罗树喻问
§4
‘‘Bhante nāgasena, ‘sālakalyāṇikāya ekaṃ aṅgaṃ gahetabba’nti yaṃ vadesi, katamaṃ taṃ ekaṃ aṅgaṃ gahetabba’’nti? ‘‘Yathā, mahārāja, sālakalyāṇikā nāma antopathaviyaṃ yeva abhivaḍḍhati hatthasatampi bhiyyopi, evameva kho, mahārāja, yoginā yogāvacarena cattāri sāmaññaphalāni catasso paṭisambhidā chaḷabhiññāyo kevalañca samaṇadhammaṃ suññāgāre yeva paripūrayitabbaṃ. Idaṃ, mahārāja, sālakalyāṇikāya ekaṃ aṅgaṃ gahetabbaṃ. Bhāsitampetaṃ, mahārāja, therena rāhulena –
「尊者那先,你所说的『应取沙喇咖亚尼咖的一支分』,应取哪一支分呢?」「大王,犹如名为沙喇咖亚尼咖者,在地下生长,一百肘乃至更多。同样地,大王,瑜伽者、瑜伽行者应在空闲处圆满四沙门果、四无碍解、六神通及一切沙门法。大王,这是应取沙喇咖亚尼咖的一支分。大王,这也是长老拉胡喇所说——
‘‘‘Sālakalyāṇikā nāma, pādapo dharaṇīruho;
「『名为沙喇咖亚尼咖,植物从地生;
Antopathaviyaṃ yeva, satahatthopi vaḍḍhati.
在地下,百肘也生长。
‘‘‘Yathā kālamhi sampatte, paripākena so dumo;
「犹如当时节到来时,那树以成熟;
Uggañchitvāna ekāhaṃ, satahatthopi vaḍḍhati.
拔起一日,即使百手也增长。
‘‘‘Evamevāhaṃ mahāvīra, sālakalyāṇikā viya;
「如是我,大雄,如沙罗树之美妙;
Abbhantare suññāgāre, dhammato abhivaḍḍhayi’’’nti.
于内空屋中,从法而增长。」
Sālakalyāṇikaṅgapañho catuttho. · 娑罗树喻问第四
5. Nāvaṅgapañho5. 船喻问
§5
‘‘Bhante nāgasena, ‘nāvāya tīṇi aṅgāni gahetabbānī’ti yaṃ vadesi, katamāni tāni tīṇi aṅgāni gahetabbānī’’ti? ‘‘Yathā, mahārāja, nāvā bahuvidhadārusaṅghāṭasamavāyena bahumpi janaṃ tārayati, evameva kho, mahārāja, yoginā yogāvacarena ācārasīlaguṇavattappaṭivattabahuvidhadhammasaṅghāṭasamavāyena sadevako loko tārayitabbo. Idaṃ, mahārāja, nāvāya paṭhamaṃ aṅgaṃ gahetabbaṃ.
「尊者那先,你所说『船应取三支分』,那些应取的三支分是什么?」「大王,犹如船以种种木材的结合集合而渡许多人,如是,大王,瑜伽者、修瑜伽者应以行戒德行修行种种法的结合集合而渡有天之世间。大王,这是船应取的第一支分。
‘‘Puna caparaṃ, mahārāja, nāvā bahuvidhaūmitthanitavegavisaṭamāvaṭṭavegaṃ sahati, evameva kho, mahārāja, yoginā yogāvacarena bahuvidhakilesaūmivegaṃ lābhasakkārayasasilokapūjanavandanā parakulesu nindāpasaṃsāsukhadukkhasammānanavimānanabahuvidhadosaūmivegañca sahitabbaṃ. Idaṃ, mahārāja, nāvāya dutiyaṃ aṅgaṃ gahetabbaṃ.
「再者,大王,船能忍受种种波浪冲击的速度、分散、漩涡的速度,如是,大王,瑜伽者、修瑜伽者应忍受种种烦恼波浪的速度、利养恭敬名声世间供养礼拜、在他人家族中的毁誉、苦乐、尊重轻蔑及种种过失波浪的速度。大王,这是船应取的第二支分。
‘‘Puna caparaṃ, mahārāja, nāvā aparimitamanantamapāramakkhobhitagambhīre mahatimahāghose timitimiṅgalamakaramacchagaṇākule mahatimahāsamudde carati, evameva kho, mahārāja, yoginā yogāvacarena tiparivaṭṭa dvādasākāra catusaccābhisamayappaṭivedhe mānasaṃ sañcārayitabbaṃ. Idaṃ, mahārāja, nāvāya tatiyaṃ aṅgaṃ gahetabbaṃ. Bhāsitampetaṃ, mahārāja, bhagavatā devātidevena saṃyuttanikāyavare saccasaṃyutte –
「再者,大王,船在无量、无边、无彼岸、动摇、深邃、大声、充满鲸鱼、摩竭罗、鱼群的大海中行驶,如是,大王,瑜伽者、修瑜伽者应使心行于三转、十二行相、四谛现观的通达。大王,这是船应取的第三支分。大王,这也是世尊、天中之天在《相应尼柯耶》最胜的《谛相应》中所说——
‘‘‘Vitakkentā ca kho tumhe, bhikkhave, ‘‘idaṃ dukkha’’nti vitakkeyyātha, ‘‘ayaṃ dukkhasamudayo’’ti vitakkeyyātha, ‘‘ayaṃ dukkhanirodho’’ti vitakkeyyātha, ‘‘ayaṃ dukkhanirodhagāminī paṭipadā’’ti vitakkeyyāthā’’’ti.
「『诸比库,你们寻思时,应寻思「这是苦」,应寻思「这是苦集」,应寻思「这是苦灭」,应寻思「这是导至苦灭之道」。』」
Nāvaṅgapañho pañcamo. · 船喻问第五
6. Nāvālagganakaṅgapañho6. 船锚喻问
§6
‘‘Bhante nāgasena, ‘nāvālagganakassa dve aṅgāni gahetabbānī’ti yaṃ vadesi, katamāni tāni dve aṅgāni gahetabbānī’’ti? ‘‘Yathā, mahārāja, nāvālagganakaṃ bahuūmijālākulavikkhobhitasalilatale mahatimahāsamudde nāvaṃ laggeti ṭhapeti, na deti disāvidisaṃ harituṃ, evameva kho, mahārāja, yoginā yogāvacarena rāgadosamohūmijāle mahatimahāvitakkasampahāre cittaṃ laggetabbaṃ, na dātabbaṃ disāvidisaṃ harituṃ. Idaṃ, mahārāja, nāvālagganakassa paṭhamaṃ aṅgaṃ gahetabbaṃ.
「尊者龙军,你说『应取船锚的两个要素』,应取哪两个要素?」「大王,譬如船锚在大海中,在被贪嗔痴网纠缠搅动的水底,使船固定、安住,不让它被带往各方各处;同样地,大王,修行者、勤修者应使心固定在贪嗔痴网、大寻击中,不应让它被带往各方各处。大王,这是应取船锚的第一个要素。
‘‘Puna caparaṃ, mahārāja, nāvālagganakaṃ na plavati visīdati, hatthasatepi udake nāvaṃ laggeti ṭhānamupaneti, evameva kho, mahārāja, yoginā yogāvacarena lābhayasasakkāramānanavandanapūjanaapacitīsu lābhaggayasaggepi na plavitabbaṃ, sarīrayāpanamattake yeva cittaṃ ṭhapetabbaṃ. Idaṃ, mahārāja, nāvālagganakassa dutiyaṃ aṅgaṃ gahetabbaṃ. Bhāsitampetaṃ, mahārāja, therena sāriputtena dhammasenāpatinā –
「再者,大王,船锚不漂浮、不沉没,即使在百手深的水中也使船固定、到达停泊处;同样地,大王,修行者、勤修者在利养、名声、恭敬、尊重、礼拜、供养、奉事中,即使在利养顶、名声顶也不应漂浮,应只将心安住在维持身体的程度。大王,这是应取船锚的第二个要素。大王,这也是长老沙利子法将军所说——
‘‘‘Yathā samudde lagganakaṃ, na plavati visīdati;
「『譬如海中的船锚,不漂浮、不沉没;
Tatheva lābhasakkāre, mā plavatha visīdathā’’’ti.
同样地,在利养恭敬中,你们不要漂浮、不要沉没。』」
Nāvālagganakaṅgapañho chaṭṭho. · 船锚喻问第六
7. Kūpaṅgapañho7. 井喻问
§7
‘‘Bhante nāgasena, ‘kūpassa ekaṃ aṅgaṃ gahetabba’nti yaṃ vadesi, katamaṃ taṃ ekaṃ aṅgaṃ gahetabba’’nti? ‘‘Yathā, mahārāja, kūpo rajjuñca varattañca laṅkārañca dhāreti, evameva kho, mahārāja, yoginā yogāvacarena satisampajaññasamannāgatena bhavitabbaṃ, abhikkante paṭikkante ālokite vilokite samiñjite pasārite saṅghāṭipattacīvaradhāraṇe asite pīte khāyite sāyite uccārapassāvakamme gate ṭhite nisinne sutte jāgarite bhāsite tuṇhībhāve sampajānakārinā bhavitabbaṃ. Idaṃ, mahārāja, kūpassa ekaṃ aṅgaṃ gahetabbaṃ. Bhāsitampetaṃ, mahārāja, bhagavatā devātidevena ‘sato, bhikkhave, bhikkhu vihareyya sampajāno, ayaṃ vo amhākaṃ anusāsanī’’’ti.
「尊者龙军,你说『应取井的一个要素』,应取哪一个要素?」「大王,譬如井持有绳索、桶和钩;同样地,大王,修行者、勤修者应具备念与正知,在前进、后退、前视、旁视、屈伸、持桑喀帝、钵、衣时,在食、饮、嚼、尝时,在大小便时,在行、住、坐、卧、醒、语、默时,应是正知而作者。大王,这是应取井的一个要素。大王,这也是世尊、天中之天所说:『诸比库,比库应具念、正知而住,这是我们对你们的教诫。』」
Kūpaṅgapañho sattamo. · 井喻问第七
8. Niyāmakaṅgapañho8. 水渠喻问
§8
‘‘Bhante nāgasena, ‘niyāmakassa tīṇi aṅgāni gahetabbānī’ti yaṃ vadesi, katamāni tāni tīṇi aṅgāni gahetabbānī’’ti? ‘‘Yathā, mahārāja, niyāmako rattindivaṃ satataṃ samitaṃ appamatto yattappayatto nāvaṃ sāreti, evameva kho, mahārāja, yoginā yogāvacarena cittaṃ niyāmayamānena rattindivaṃ satataṃ samitaṃ appamattena yattappayattena yoniso manasikārena cittaṃ niyāmetabbaṃ. Idaṃ, mahārāja, niyāmakassa paṭhamaṃ aṅgaṃ gahetabbaṃ. Bhāsitampetaṃ, mahārāja, bhagavatā devātidevena dhammapade –
「尊者龙军,你说『应取舵手的三个要素』,应取哪三个要素?」「大王,譬如舵手日夜恒常、持续、不放逸、努力精勤地驾驶船;同样地,大王,修行者、勤修者在引导心时,应日夜恒常、持续、不放逸、努力精勤地以如理作意引导心。大王,这是应取舵手的第一个要素。大王,这也是世尊、天中之天在《法句》中所说——
‘‘‘Appamādaratā hotha, sacittamanurakkhatha;
「『你们应乐于不放逸,守护自己的心;
Duggā uddharathattānaṃ, paṅke sannova kuñjaro’ti.
应从难处拔出自己,如陷泥的象。』」
‘‘Puna caparaṃ, mahārāja, niyāmakassa yaṃ kiñci mahāsamudde kalyāṇaṃ vā pāpakaṃ vā, sabbaṃ taṃ viditaṃ hoti, evameva kho, mahārāja, yoginā yogāvacarena kusalākusalaṃ sāvajjānavajjaṃ hīnappaṇītaṃ kaṇhasukkasappaṭibhāgaṃ vijānitabbaṃ. Idaṃ, mahārāja, niyāmakassa dutiyaṃ aṅgaṃ gahetabbaṃ.
「再者,大王,舵手对于大海中任何善的或恶的事,一切都已知晓,同样地,大王,瑜伽者、修瑜伽者应了知善与不善、有罪与无罪、劣与胜、黑与白及其对应法。大王,这是应取舵手的第二支。」
‘‘Puna caparaṃ, mahārāja, niyāmako yante muddikaṃ deti ‘mā koci yantaṃ āmasitthā’ti, evameva kho, mahārāja, yoginā yogāvacarena citte saṃvaramuddikā dātabbā ‘mā kiñci pāpakaṃ akusalavitakkaṃ vitakkesī’ti, idaṃ, mahārāja, niyāmakassa tatiyaṃ aṅgaṃ gahetabbaṃ. Bhāsitampetaṃ, mahārāja, bhagavatā devātidevena saṃyuttanikāyavare ‘mā, bhikkhave, pāpake akusale vitakke vitakkeyyātha, seyyathīdaṃ, kāmavitakkaṃ byāpādavitakkaṃ vihiṃsāvitakka’’’nti.
「再者,大王,舵手给舵以封印说『任何人都不得触摸舵』,同样地,大王,瑜伽者、修瑜伽者应给心以防护封印『不要寻思任何恶的不善寻』,大王,这是应取舵手的第三支。大王,这也是世尊、天中之天在《相应尼柯耶》中所说:『诸比库,不要寻思恶的不善寻,即:欲寻、嗔恨寻、伤害寻。』」
Niyāmakaṅgapañho aṭṭhamo. · 水渠喻问第八
9. Kammakāraṅgapañho9. 工匠喻问
§9
‘‘Bhante nāgasena, ‘kammakārassa ekaṃ aṅgaṃ gahetabba’nti yaṃ vadesi, katamaṃ taṃ ekaṃ aṅgaṃ gahetabba’’nti? ‘‘Yathā, mahārāja, kammakāro evaṃ cintayati ‘bhatako ahaṃ imāya nāvāya kammaṃ karomi, imāyāhaṃ nāvāya vāhasā bhattavetanaṃ labhāmi, na me pamādo karaṇīyo, appamādena me ayaṃ nāvā vāhetabbā’ti, evameva kho, mahārāja, yoginā yogāvacarena evaṃ cintayitabbaṃ ‘imaṃ kho ahaṃ cātumahābhūtikaṃ kāyaṃ sammasanto satataṃ samitaṃ appamatto upaṭṭhitassati sato sampajāno samāhito ekaggacitto jātijarābyādhimaraṇasokaparidevadukkhadomanassupāyāsehi parimuccissāmīti appamādo me karaṇīyo’ti, idaṃ, mahārāja, kammakārassa ekaṃ aṅgaṃ gahetabbaṃ. Bhāsitampetaṃ, mahārāja, therena sāriputtena dhammasenāpatinā –
「尊者那先,你所说的『应取工匠的一支』,那应取的一支是什么?」「大王,譬如工匠如此思惟:『我是这艘船的雇工,我为这艘船做工,我依这艘船的运载获得饮食工资,我不应放逸,我应以不放逸来运载这艘船』,同样地,大王,瑜伽者、修瑜伽者应如此思惟:『我触摸这个四大种所成的身,常常、持续地、不放逸地、现起念、具念、正知、得定、心一境,将从生、老、病、死、愁、悲、苦、忧、恼中解脱,我应不放逸』,大王,这是应取工匠的一支。大王,这也是长老沙利子、法大将所说:」
‘‘‘Kāyaṃ imaṃ sammasatha, parijānātha punappunaṃ;
「『触摸此身,一次又一次地遍知;见身之自性,你们将作苦之终结。』」
Kāye sabhāvaṃ disvāna, dukkhassantaṃ karissathā’ti.
见身中的自性后,你们将作苦的终结。
Kammakāraṅgapañho navamo. · 工匠喻问第九
10. Samuddaṅgapañho10. 海界问
§10
‘‘Bhante nāgasena, ‘samuddassa pañca aṅgāni gahetabbānī’ti yaṃ vadesi, katamāni tāni pañca aṅgāni gahetabbānī’’ti? ‘‘Yathā, mahārāja, mahāsamuddo matena kuṇapena saddhiṃ na saṃvasati, evameva kho, mahārāja, yoginā yogāvacarena rāgadosamohamānadiṭṭhimakkhapaḷāsaissāmacchariyamāyāsāṭheyyakuṭilavisamaduccaritakilesamalehi saddhiṃ na saṃvasitabbaṃ. Idaṃ, mahārāja, samuddassa paṭhamaṃ aṅgaṃ gahetabbaṃ.
「尊者那先,你所说的『应取大海的五支』,那应取的五支是什么?」「大王,譬如大海不与死尸共住,同样地,大王,瑜伽者、修瑜伽者不应与贪、嗔、痴、慢、见、覆、恼、嫉、悭、诳、谄、顽固、激情、恶行、烦恼、垢秽共住。大王,这是应取大海的第一支。」
‘‘Puna caparaṃ, mahārāja, mahāsamuddo muttāmaṇiveḷuriyasaṅkhasilāpavāḷaphalikamaṇivividharatananicayaṃ dhārento pidahati, na bahi vikirati. Evameva kho, mahārāja, yoginā yogāvacarena maggaphalajhānavimokkhasamādhisamāpattivipassanābhiññāvividhaguṇaratanāni adhigantvā pidahitabbāni, na bahi nīharitabbāni. Idaṃ, mahārāja, samuddassa dutiyaṃ aṅgaṃ gahetabbaṃ.
「再者,大王,大海持有珍珠、摩尼、琉璃、螺、石、珊瑚、水晶、摩尼及种种宝聚而隐藏之,不向外散布。同样地,大王,瑜伽者、修瑜伽者证得道、果、禅那、解脱、定、等至、观、神通及种种功德宝后应隐藏之,不应向外取出。大王,这是应取大海的第二支。」
‘‘Puna caparaṃ, mahārāja, mahāsamuddo mahantehi mahābhūtehi saddhiṃ saṃvasati. Evameva kho, mahārāja, yoginā yogāvacarena appicchaṃ santuṭṭhaṃ dhutavādaṃ sallekhavuttiṃ ācārasampannaṃ lajjiṃ pesalaṃ garuṃ bhāvanīyaṃ vattāraṃ vacanakkhamaṃ codakaṃ pāpagarahiṃ ovādakaṃ anusāsakaṃ viññāpakaṃ sandassakaṃ samādapakaṃ samuttejakaṃ sampahaṃsakaṃ kalyāṇamittaṃ sabrahmacāriṃ nissāya vasitabbaṃ. Idaṃ, mahārāja, mahāsamuddassa tatiyaṃ aṅgaṃ gahetabbaṃ.
「再者,大王,大海与诸大生物共住。同样地,大王,瑜伽者、修瑜伽者应依止少欲、知足、说头陀、行削减、具足行仪、有惭、柔和、尊重、应修习、说者、堪忍言语、呵责者、呵斥恶、劝诫者、教诫者、令知者、示导者、劝导者、激励者、使欢喜者、善友、梵行者而住。大王,这是应取大海的第三支。」
‘‘Puna caparaṃ, mahārāja, mahāsamuddo navasalilasampuṇṇāhi gaṅgāyamunāaciravatīsarabhūmahīādīhi nadīsatasahassehi antalikkhe saliladhārāhi ca pūritopi sakaṃ velaṃ nātivattati. Evameva kho, mahārāja, yoginā yogāvacarena lābhasakkārasilokavandanamānanapūjanakāraṇā jīvitahetupi sañcicca sikkhāpadavītikkamo na karaṇīyo. Idaṃ, mahārāja, mahāsamuddassa catutthaṃ aṅgaṃ gahetabbaṃ. Bhāsitampetaṃ, mahārāja, bhagavatā devātidevena –
「再者,大王,大海虽然被数十万条河流——恒河、亚穆纳河、阿吉拉瓦底河、沙拉布河、摩希河等——以及天空中的水流所充满,但仍不越过自己的界限。同样地,大王,瑜伽行者、修习瑜伽者,即使为了利养、恭敬、名声、礼敬、尊重、供养的缘故,乃至为了生命的缘故,也不应故意违犯学处。大王,这是应当取大海的第四个特相。大王,这也是世尊、天中之天所说——
‘Seyyathāpi, mahārāja , mahāsamuddo ṭhitadhammo velaṃ nātikkamati, evameva kho, mahārāja, yaṃ mahā sāvakānaṃ sikkhāpadaṃ paññattaṃ, taṃ mama sāvakā jīvitahetupi nātikkamantī’ti.
「大王,譬如大海是住于法,不越过界限;同样地,大王,凡是为我的大弟子们所制定的学处,我的弟子们即使为了生命的缘故也不违越。」
‘‘Puna caparaṃ, mahārāja, mahāsamuddo sabbasavantīhi gaṅgāyamunāaciravatīsarabhūmahīhi antalikkhe udakadhārāhipi na paripūrati. Evameva kho, mahārāja, yoginā yogāvacarena uddesaparipucchāsavanadhāraṇavinicchayaabhidhammavinayagāḷhasuttantaviggahapadanikkhepapadasandhi padavibhattinavaṅgajinasāsanavaraṃ suṇantenāpi na tappitabbaṃ. Idaṃ, mahārāja, mahāsamuddassa pañcamaṃ aṅgaṃ gahetabbaṃ. Bhāsitampetaṃ, mahārāja, bhagavatā devātidevena sutasomajātake –
「再者,大王,大海不会被所有的河流——恒河、亚穆纳河、阿吉拉瓦底河、沙拉布河、摩希河——以及天空中的水流所充满。同样地,大王,瑜伽行者、修习瑜伽者,即使听闻总说、详问、听闻、受持、抉择、阿毗达摩、律藏、深奥的经典、论议、句释、句连结、句分别论、九分胜者教法,也不应满足。大王,这是应当取大海的第五个特相。大王,这也是世尊、天中之天在《苏答索玛本生经》中所说——
‘‘‘Aggi yathā tiṇakaṭṭhaṃ dahanto, na tappati sāgaro vā nadīhi;
「『犹如火焚烧草木,不会满足,或如大海不满足于诸河;
Evampi ce paṇḍitā rājaseṭṭha, sutvā na tappanti subhāsitenā’’’ti.
如是,即使是贤者、王中之尊,听闻善说也不会满足。』」
Samuddaṅgapañho dasamo.Samuddavaggo dutiyo. · 海界问第十。海品第二
Tassuddānaṃ –
其摄颂——
Lābulatā ca padumaṃ, bījaṃ sālakalyāṇikā;
「葫芦藤与莲花,种子、沙罗树、吉祥女;
Nāvā ca nāvālagganaṃ, kūpo niyāmako tathā;
船与船的系缚,井与决定者亦然;」
Kammakāro samuddo ca, vaggo tena pavuccatīti.
工匠与海洋,以此说为品。
3. Pathavīvaggo
3. 地品
1. Pathavīaṅgapañho1. 地界问
§1
‘‘Bhante nāgasena, ‘pathaviyā pañca aṅgāni gahetabbānī’ti yaṃ vadesi, katamāni tāni pañca aṅgāni gahetabbānī’’ti? ‘‘Yathā, mahārāja, pathavī iṭṭhāniṭṭhāni kappūrāgarutagaracandanakuṅkumādīni ākirantepi pittasemhapubbaruhirasedamedakheḷasiṅghāṇikalasika- muttakarīsādīni ākirantepi tādisā yeva, evameva kho, mahārāja, yoginā yogāvacarena iṭṭhāniṭṭhe lābhālābhe yasāyase nindāpasaṃsāya sukhadukkhe sabbattha tādinā yeva bhavitabbaṃ. Idaṃ, mahārāja, pathaviyā paṭhamaṃ aṅgaṃ gahetabbaṃ.
「尊者那先,您说『应取地的五种特质』,那应取的五种特质是什么?」「大王,譬如地,无论撒上可意或不可意的龙脑香、沉香、檀香、郁金等,或撒上胆汁、痰、脓、血、汗、脂肪、唾液、鼻涕、关节滑液、尿、粪等,都是同样的;同样地,大王,修行瑜伽者应在一切处对可意与不可意、得与不得、名誉与不名誉、赞叹与毁谤、乐与苦都保持如如不动。大王,这是应取地的第一种特质。
‘‘Puna caparaṃ, mahārāja, pathavī maṇḍanavibhūsanāpagatā sakagandhaparibhāvitā, evameva kho, mahārāja, yoginā yogāvacarena vibhūsanāpagatena sakasīlagandhaparibhāvitena bhavitabbaṃ. Idaṃ, mahārāja, pathaviyā dutiyaṃ aṅgaṃ gahetabbaṃ.
「再者,大王,地远离装饰庄严,充满自己的气味;同样地,大王,修行瑜伽者应远离装饰,充满自己的戒香。大王,这是应取地的第二种特质。
‘‘Puna caparaṃ, mahārāja, pathavī nirantarā akhaṇḍacchiddā asusirā bahalā ghanā vitthiṇṇā, evameva kho, mahārāja, yoginā yogāvacarena nirantaramakhaṇḍacchiddamasusirabahalaghanavitthiṇṇasīlena bhavitabbaṃ. Idaṃ, mahārāja, pathaviyā tatiyaṃ aṅgaṃ gahetabbaṃ.
「再者,大王,地是连续的、无裂缝、无孔隙、厚实、坚固、广大的;同样地,大王,修行瑜伽者应具有连续、无裂缝、无孔隙、厚实、坚固、广大的戒。大王,这是应取地的第三种特质。
‘‘Puna caparaṃ, mahārāja, pathavī gāmanigamanagarajanapadarukkhapabbatanadītaḷākapokkharaṇīmigapakkhimanujanaranārigaṇaṃ dhārentīpi akilāsu hoti, evameva kho, mahārāja, yoginā yogāvacarena ovadantenapi anusāsantenapi viññāpentenapi sandassentenapi samādapentenapi samuttejentenapi sampahaṃsentenapi dhammadesanāsu akilāsunā bhavitabbaṃ. Idaṃ, mahārāja, pathaviyā catutthaṃ aṅgaṃ gahetabbaṃ.
「再者,大王,地承载着村落、城镇、都城、国土、树木、山岳、河流、池塘、莲池、野兽、鸟类、人类、男女众,却不疲厌;同样地,大王,修行瑜伽者在教诫、教导、使知、使见、劝导、激励、使欢喜、说法时,应不疲厌。大王,这是应取地的第四种特质。
‘‘Puna caparaṃ, mahārāja, pathavī anunayappaṭighavippamuttā, evameva kho, mahārāja, yoginā yogāvacarena anunayappaṭighavippamuttena pathavisamena cetasā viharitabbaṃ. Idaṃ, mahārāja, pathaviyā pañcamaṃ aṅgaṃ gahetabbaṃ. Bhāsitampetaṃ , mahārāja, upāsikāya cūḷasubhaddāya sakasamaṇe parikittayamānāya –
「再者,大王,地解脱了顺从与对抗;同样地,大王,修行瑜伽者应解脱顺从与对抗,以如地平等之心而住。大王,这是应取地的第五种特质。大王,近事女须跋达在赞叹自己的沙门时也说过此事——
‘‘‘Ekañce bāhaṃ vāsiyā, tacche kupitamānasā ;
「『若以刀斧,以愤怒之心,砍断一臂;」
Ekañcebāhaṃ gandhena, ālimpeyya pamoditā .
若我以一种香涂抹,欢喜地涂抹。
‘‘‘Amusmiṃ paṭigho natthi, rāgo asmiṃ na vijjati;
「对那个没有嗔恨,对这个没有贪欲;
Pathavīsamacittā te, tādisā samaṇā mamā’’’ti.
你们的心如大地平等,我的这样的沙门。」
Pathavīaṅgapañho paṭhamo. · 地界问第一
2. Āpaṅgapañho2. 水界问
§2
‘‘Bhante nāgasena, ‘āpassa pañca aṅgāni gahetabbānī’ti yaṃ vadesi, katamāni tāni pañca aṅgāni gahetabbānī’’ti? ‘‘Yathā, mahārāja, āpo susaṇṭhitamakampitamaluḷitasabhāvaparisuddho, evameva kho, mahārāja, yoginā yogāvacarena kuhanalapananemittakanippesikataṃ apanetvā susaṇṭhitamakampitamaluḷitasabhāvaparisuddhācārena bhavitabbaṃ. Idaṃ, mahārāja, āpassa paṭhamaṃ aṅgaṃ gahetabbaṃ.
「尊者那先,你所说的『应取水的五种特相』,那些应取的五种特相是什么?」「大王,譬如水是善安住的、不动摇的、不混浊的、自性清净的,同样地,大王,瑜伽者、修习瑜伽者应当舍离欺诳、谄媚、现相、激磨,以善安住的、不动摇的、不混浊的、自性清净的行为而住。大王,这是应取水的第一种特相。
‘‘Puna caparaṃ, mahārāja, āpo sītalasabhāvasaṇṭhito, evameva kho, mahārāja, yoginā yogāvacarena sabbasattesu khantimettānuddayasampannena hitesinā anukampakena bhavitabbaṃ. Idaṃ, mahārāja, āpassa dutiyaṃ aṅgaṃ gahetabbaṃ.
「再者,大王,水是安住于清凉自性的,同样地,大王,瑜伽者、修习瑜伽者应当对一切众生具足忍辱、慈爱、悲悯,成为利益者、怜悯者。大王,这是应取水的第二种特相。
‘‘Puna caparaṃ, mahārāja, āpo asuciṃ suciṃ karoti, evameva kho, mahārāja, yoginā yogāvacarena gāme vā araññe vā upajjhāye upajjhāyamattesu ācariye ācariyamattesu sabbattha anadhikaraṇena bhavitabbaṃ anavasesakārinā. Idaṃ, mahārāja, āpassa tatiyaṃ aṅgaṃ gahetabbaṃ.
「再者,大王,水使须跋成为清净,同样地,大王,瑜伽者、修习瑜伽者应当在村落或森林,对亲教师、如亲教师者,对轨范师、如轨范师者,在一切处无所保留地行事,成为无遗余的行者。大王,这是应取水的第三种特相。
‘‘Puna caparaṃ, mahārāja, āpo bahujanapatthito, evameva kho, mahārāja, yoginā yogāvacarena appicchasantuṭṭhapavivittapaṭisallānena satataṃ sabbalokamabhipatthitena bhavitabbaṃ. Idaṃ, mahārāja, āpassa catutthaṃ aṅgaṃ gahetabbaṃ.
「再者,大王,水为众人所希求,同样地,大王,瑜伽者、修习瑜伽者应当以少欲、知足、远离、独坐,常常成为一切世间所希求者。大王,这是应取水的第四种特相。
‘‘Puna caparaṃ, mahārāja, āpo na kassaci ahitamupadahati, evameva kho, mahārāja, yoginā yogāvacarena parabhaṇḍanakalahaviggahavivādarittajjhānaaratijananaṃ kāyavacīcittehi pāpakaṃ na karaṇīyaṃ. Idaṃ, mahārāja, āpassa pañcamaṃ aṅgaṃ gahetabbaṃ. Bhāsitampetaṃ mahārāja, bhagavatā, devātidevena kaṇhajātake –
「再者,大王,水不对任何人施加不利,同样地,大王,瑜伽者、修习瑜伽者不应以身、语、意造作恶事,即产生他人的争论、诤吵、斗争、辩驳、竞争、嫉妒、喜悦。大王,这是应取水的第五种特相。大王,这也是世尊、天中之天在《黑生本生经》中所说——
‘‘‘Varañce me ado sakka, sabbabhūtānamissara;
「萨咖啊!如果你给我恩惠,一切众生之主;
Na mano vā sarīraṃ vā, maṃ-kate sakka kassaci;
愿我的意或身,萨咖啊!不会对任何人;
Kadāci upahaññetha, etaṃ sakka varaṃ vare’’’ti.
在任何时候造成伤害,萨咖啊!请给予这个恩惠。」
Āpaṅgapañho dutiyo. · 水界问第二
3. Tejaṅgapañho3. 火界问
§3
‘‘Bhante nāgasena, ‘tejassa pañca aṅgāni gahetabbānī’ti yaṃ vadesi, katamāni tāni pañca aṅgāni gahetabbānī’’ti? ‘‘Yathā, mahārāja, tejo tiṇakaṭṭhasākhāpalāsaṃ ḍahati, evameva kho, mahārāja, yoginā yogāvacarena ye te abbhantarā vā bāhirā vā kilesā iṭṭhāniṭṭhārammaṇānubhavanā, sabbe te ñāṇagginā ḍahitabbā. Idaṃ, mahārāja, tejassa paṭhamaṃ aṅgaṃ gahetabbaṃ.
「尊者那先,你说『应取火的五个特相』,应取哪五个特相呢?」「大王,譬如火燃烧草、木、枝、叶,同样地,大王,瑜伽行者、修习瑜伽者应以智火燃烧那些内或外的烦恼、体验可意与不可意所缘。大王,这是应取火的第一个特相。
‘‘Puna caparaṃ, mahārāja, tejo niddayo akāruṇiko, evameva kho, mahārāja, yoginā yogāvacarena sabbakilesesu kāruññānuddayā na kātabbā. Idaṃ, mahārāja, tejassa dutiyaṃ aṅgaṃ gahetabbaṃ.
「再者,大王,火无怜悯、无慈悲,同样地,大王,瑜伽行者、修习瑜伽者对一切烦恼不应作慈悲怜悯。大王,这是应取火的第二个特相。
‘‘Puna caparaṃ, mahārāja, tejo sītaṃ paṭihanati, evameva kho, mahārāja, yoginā yogāvacarena vīriyasantāpatejaṃ abhijanetvā kilesā paṭihantabbā. Idaṃ, mahārāja, tejassa tatiyaṃ aṅgaṃ gahetabbaṃ.
「再者,大王,火驱除寒冷,同样地,大王,瑜伽行者、修习瑜伽者应生起精进热恼之火,驱除烦恼。大王,这是应取火的第三个特相。
‘‘Puna caparaṃ, mahārāja, tejo anunayappaṭighavippamutto uṇhamabhijaneti, evameva kho, mahārāja, yoginā yogāvacarena anunayappaṭighavippamuttena tejosamena cetasā viharitabbaṃ. Idaṃ, mahārāja, tejassa catutthaṃ aṅgaṃ gahetabbaṃ.
「再者,大王,火解脱于顺从与对抗而生起热,同样地,大王,瑜伽行者、修习瑜伽者应以解脱于顺从与对抗、如火般的心而住。大王,这是应取火的第四个特相。
‘‘Puna caparaṃ, mahārāja, tejo andhakāraṃ vidhamitvā ālokaṃ dassayati, evameva kho, mahārāja, yoginā yogāvacarena avijjandhakāraṃ vidhamitvā ñāṇālokaṃ dassayitabbaṃ. Idaṃ, mahārāja, tejassa pañcamaṃ aṅgaṃ gahetabbaṃ. Bhāsitampetaṃ, mahārāja, bhagavatā devātidevena sakaṃ puttaṃ rāhulaṃ ovadantena –
「再者,大王,火破除黑暗而显示光明,同样地,大王,瑜伽行者、修习瑜伽者应破除无明黑暗而显示智光明。大王,这是应取火的第五个特相。大王,这也是世尊、天中之天在教诫自己的儿子拉胡喇时所说——
‘Tejosamaṃ , rāhula, bhāvanaṃ bhāvehi, tejosamaṃ hi te, rāhula, bhāvanaṃ bhāvayato uppannā? Manāpāmanāpā phassā cittaṃ na pariyādāya ṭhassantī’’’ti.
「拉胡喇,你应修习火相等的修习。拉胡喇,当你修习火相等的修习时,已生起的可意、不可意的触将不会占据心而住立。」
Tejaṅgapañho tatiyo. · 火界问第三
4. Vāyuṅgapañho4. 风界问
§4
‘‘Bhante nāgasena, ‘vāyussa pañca aṅgāni gahetabbānī’ti yaṃ vadesi, katamāni tāni pañca aṅgāni gahetabbānī’’ti? ‘‘Yathā, mahārāja, vāyu supupphitavanasaṇḍantaraṃ abhivāyati, evameva kho, mahārāja, yoginā yogāvacarena vimuttivarakusumapupphitārammaṇavanantare ramitabbaṃ. Idaṃ, mahārāja, vāyussa paṭhamaṃ aṅgaṃ gahetabbaṃ.
「尊者龙军,你所说的『应取风的五支』,那些应取的五支是哪些呢?」「大王,犹如风吹过盛开花朵的丛林之间,同样地,大王,瑜伽者、修习瑜伽者应在解脱胜妙花朵盛开的所缘林中欢喜。大王,这是应取风的第一支。」
‘‘Puna caparaṃ, mahārāja, vāyu dharaṇīruhapādapagaṇe mathayati, evameva kho, mahārāja, yoginā yogāvacarena vanantaragatena saṅkhāre vicinantena kilesā mathayitabbā. Idaṃ, mahārāja, vāyussa dutiyaṃ aṅgaṃ gahetabbaṃ.
「再者,大王,风摇动地上生长的树木群,同样地,大王,瑜伽者、修习瑜伽者进入林中,思择诸行,应摇动诸烦恼。大王,这是应取风的第二支。」
‘‘Puna caparaṃ, mahārāja, vāyu ākāse carati, evameva kho, mahārāja, yoginā yogāvacarena lokuttaradhammesu mānasaṃ sañcārayitabbaṃ. Idaṃ, mahārāja, vāyussa tatiyaṃ aṅgaṃ gahetabbaṃ.
「再者,大王,风在虚空中行,同样地,大王,瑜伽者、修习瑜伽者应在出世间法中运转心。大王,这是应取风的第三支。」
‘‘Puna caparaṃ, mahārāja, vāyu gandhaṃ anubhavati, evameva kho, mahārāja, yoginā yogāvacarena attano sīlavarasurabhigandho anubhavitabbo. Idaṃ, mahārāja, vāyussa catutthaṃ aṅgaṃ gahetabbaṃ.
「再者,大王,风体验香,同样地,大王,瑜伽者、修习瑜伽者应体验自己戒胜妙的芳香。大王,这是应取风的第四支。」
‘‘Puna caparaṃ, mahārāja, vāyu nirālayo aniketavāsī, evameva kho, mahārāja, yoginā yogāvacarena nirālayamaniketamasanthavena sabbattha vimuttena bhavitabbaṃ. Idaṃ, mahārāja, vāyussa pañcamaṃ aṅgaṃ gahetabbaṃ. Bhāsitampetaṃ, mahārāja, bhagavatā devātidevena suttanipāte –
「再者,大王,风无依处、无住所而住,同样地,大王,瑜伽者、修习瑜伽者应成为无依处、无住所、无亲近、于一切处解脱者。大王,这是应取风的第五支。大王,这也是世尊、天中之天在《经集》中所说——」
‘‘‘Santhavāto bhayaṃ jātaṃ, niketā jāyate rajo;
「『亲近生起怖畏,从住所生起尘垢;」
Aniketamasanthavaṃ, etaṃ ve munidassana’’’nti.
无家、无亲近,这确实是牟尼的见。
Vāyuṅgapañho catuttho. · 风界问第四
5. Pabbataṅgapañho5. 山界问
§5
‘‘Bhante nāgasena, ‘pabbatassa pañca aṅgāni gahetabbānī’ti yaṃ vadesi, katamāni tāni pañca aṅgāni gahetabbānī’’ti ? ‘‘Yathā, mahārāja, pabbato acalo akampito asampavedhī, evameva kho, mahārāja, yoginā yogāvacarena sammānane vimānane sakkāre asakkāre garukāre agarukāre yase ayase nindāya pasaṃsāya sukhe dukkhe iṭṭhāniṭṭhesu sabbattha rūpasaddagandharasaphoṭṭhabbadhammesu rajanīyesu na rajjitabbaṃ, dussanīyesu na dussitabbaṃ, muyhanīyesu na muyhitabbaṃ, na kampitabbaṃ na calitabbaṃ, pabbatena viya acalena bhavitabbaṃ. Idaṃ, mahārāja, pabbatassa paṭhamaṃ aṅgaṃ gahetabbaṃ. Bhāsitampetaṃ, mahārāja, bhagavatā devātidevena –
「尊者那先,你所说的『应取山的五种特质』,应取哪五种特质呢?」「大王,譬如山不动、不摇、不震,如是,大王,瑜伽者、修瑜伽者应于恭敬、不恭敬,尊重、不尊重,敬重、不敬重,名誉、无名誉,诽谤、赞叹,乐、苦,可意、不可意,一切处于色、声、香、味、触、法中,对可染者不应染,对可嗔者不应嗔,对可痴者不应痴,不应动摇,不应动,应如山一般不动。大王,这是应取山的第一种特质。大王,这也是世尊、天中之天所说——
‘‘‘Selo yathā ekaghano , vātena na samīrati;
「『譬如坚固的岩石,不为风所动;
Evaṃ nindāpasaṃsāsu, na samiñjanti paṇḍitā’ti.
如是,诸智者于诽谤与赞叹中,不动摇。』
‘‘Puna caparaṃ, mahārāja, pabbato thaddho na kenaci saṃsaṭṭho, evameva kho, mahārāja, yoginā yogāvacarena thaddhena asaṃsaṭṭhena bhavitabbaṃ, na kenaci saṃsaggo karaṇīyo. Idaṃ, mahārāja, pabbatassa dutiyaṃ aṅgaṃ gahetabbaṃ. Bhāsitampetaṃ, mahārāja, bhagavatā devātidevena –
「再者,大王,山坚固,不与任何事物混杂,如是,大王,瑜伽者、修瑜伽者应坚固、不混杂,不应与任何事物交往。大王,这是应取山的第二种特质。大王,这也是世尊、天中之天所说——
‘‘‘Asaṃsaṭṭhaṃ gahaṭṭhehi, anāgārehi cūbhayaṃ;
「『不与在家者混杂,与出家者两者皆不混杂;
Anokasārimappicchaṃ, tamahaṃ brūmi brāhmaṇa’nti.
无家游行、少欲者,我称他为婆罗门。』
‘‘Puna caparaṃ, mahārāja, pabbate bījaṃ na virūhati, evameva kho, mahārāja, yoginā yogāvacarena sakamānase kilesā na virūhāpetabbā. Idaṃ, mahārāja, pabbatassa tatiyaṃ aṅgaṃ gahetabbaṃ. Bhāsitampetaṃ, mahārāja, therena subhūtinā –
「再者,大王,种子不在山上生长,如是,大王,瑜伽者、修瑜伽者不应使诸烦恼在自己的心中生长。大王,这是应取山的第三种特质。大王,这也是长老须菩提所说——
‘‘‘Rāgūpasaṃhitaṃ cittaṃ, yadā uppajjate mama;
「『当与贪俱的心在我心中生起时;
Sayaṃva paccavekkhāmi , ekaggo taṃ damemahaṃ.
我自己省察,我以一心调伏它。
‘‘‘Rajjase rajanīye ca, dussanīye ca dussase;
你于可染之事染着,于可嗔之事嗔恚;
Muyhase mohanīye ca, nikkhamassu vanā tuvaṃ.
你于可痴之事愚痴,你应从林中出来。
‘‘‘Visuddhānaṃ ayaṃ vāso, nimmalānaṃ tapassinaṃ;
这是清净者的住处,是无垢苦行者的住处;
Mā kho visuddhaṃ dūsesi, nikkhamassu vanā tuva’nti.
你不要污染清净者,你应从林中出来。
‘‘Puna caparaṃ, mahārāja, pabbato accuggato, evameva kho, mahārāja, yoginā yogāvacarena ñāṇaccuggatena bhavitabbaṃ. Idaṃ, mahārāja, pabbatassa catutthaṃ aṅgaṃ gahetabbaṃ. Bhāsitampetaṃ, mahārāja, bhagavatā devātidevena –
再者,大王,山是高耸的,同样地,大王,瑜伽者、修瑜伽者应当以智高耸。大王,这是应当取山的第四支。大王,这也是世尊、天中之天所说:
‘‘‘Pamādaṃ appamādena, yadā nudati paṇḍito;
当智者以不放逸驱除放逸时,
Paññāpāsādamāruyha, asoko sokiniṃ pajaṃ;
登上慧殿,无忧者观忧苦的众生;
Pabbataṭṭhova bhūmaṭṭhe , dhīro bāle avekkhatī’ti.
如站在山顶者观察站在平地者,智者如是观察愚者。
‘‘Puna caparaṃ, mahārāja, pabbato anunnato anonato, evameva kho, mahārāja, yoginā yogāvacarena unnatāvanati na karaṇīyā. Idaṃ, mahārāja, pabbatassa pañcamaṃ aṅgaṃ gahetabbaṃ. Bhāsitampetaṃ, mahārāja, upāsikāya cūḷasubhaddāya sakasamaṇe parikittayamānāya –
再者,大王,山不高举、不低下,同样地,大王,瑜伽者、修习瑜伽者不应作高举低下。大王,这是应取山的第五支。大王,这也是近事女主拉须跋达在赞叹自己的沙门时所说——
‘‘‘Lābhena unnato loko, alābhena ca onato;
「世间因得而高举,因失而低下;
Lābhālābhena ekatthā , tādisā samaṇā mamā’’’ti.
对得失一味,我的沙门是如此者。」
Pabbataṅgapañho pañcamo. · 山界问第五
6. Ākāsaṅgapañho6. 虚空界问
§6
‘‘Bhante nāgasena, ‘ākāsassa pañca aṅgāni gahetabbānī’ti yaṃ vadesi, katamāni tāni pañca aṅgāni gahetabbānī’’ti? ‘‘Yathā, mahārāja, ākāso sabbaso agayho, evameva kho, mahārāja, yoginā yogāvacarena sabbaso kilesehi agayhena bhavitabbaṃ. Idaṃ, mahārāja, ākāsassa paṭhamaṃ aṅgaṃ gahetabbaṃ.
「尊者那先,你所说的『应取虚空的五支』,那些应取的五支是什么?」「大王,如虚空完全不可执取,同样地,大王,瑜伽者、修习瑜伽者应成为完全不被诸烦恼所执取者。大王,这是应取虚空的第一支。
‘‘Puna caparaṃ, mahārāja, ākāso isitāpasabhūtadijagaṇānusañcarito, evameva kho, mahārāja, yoginā yogāvacarena ‘aniccaṃ dukkhaṃ anattā’ti saṅkhāresu mānasaṃ sañcārayitabbaṃ. Idaṃ, mahārāja, ākāsassa dutiyaṃ aṅgaṃ gahetabbaṃ.
再者,大王,虚空为仙人、苦行者、诸天人、诸龙所游行,同样地,大王,瑜伽者、修习瑜伽者应于诸行中运行心『无常、苦、无我』。大王,这是应取虚空的第二支。
‘‘Puna caparaṃ, mahārāja, ākāso santāsanīyo, evameva kho, mahārāja , yoginā yogāvacarena sabbabhavapaṭisandhīsu mānasaṃ ubbejayitabbaṃ, assādo na kātabbo. Idaṃ, mahārāja, ākāsassa tatiyaṃ aṅgaṃ gahetabbaṃ.
再者,大王,虚空令人恐怖,同样地,大王,瑜伽者、修习瑜伽者应于一切有的结生中令心厌离,不应作味著。大王,这是应取虚空的第三支。
‘‘Puna caparaṃ, mahārāja, ākāso ananto appamāṇo aparimeyyo, evameva kho, mahārāja, yoginā yogāvacarena anantasīlena aparimitañāṇena bhavitabbaṃ. Idaṃ, mahārāja, ākāsassa catutthaṃ aṅgaṃ gahetabbaṃ.
再者,大王,虚空无边、无量、不可测量,同样地,大王,瑜伽者、修习瑜伽者应具无边戒、无量智。大王,这是应取虚空的第四支。
‘‘Puna caparaṃ, mahārāja, ākāso alaggo asatto appatiṭṭhito apalibuddho, evameva kho , mahārāja, yoginā yogāvacarena kule gaṇe lābhe āvāse palibodhe paccaye sabbakilesesu ca sabbattha alaggena bhavitabbaṃ, anāsattena appatiṭṭhitena apalibuddhena bhavitabbaṃ. Idaṃ, mahārāja, ākāsassa pañcamaṃ aṅgaṃ gahetabbaṃ. Bhāsitampetaṃ, mahārāja, bhagavatā devātidevena sakaṃ puttaṃ rāhulaṃ ovadantena – ‘seyyathāpi, rāhula , ākāso na katthaci patiṭṭhito, evameva kho tvaṃ, rāhula, ākāsasamaṃ bhāvanaṃ bhāvehi, ākāsasamaṃ hi te, rāhula, bhāvanaṃ bhāvayato uppannā manāpāmanāpā phassā cittaṃ pariyādāya ṭhassantī’’’ti.
「再者,大王,虚空无执、无著、无住、无缠,同样地,大王,瑜伽者、修瑜伽者应当对家族、群众、利养、住所、障碍、资具以及一切烦恼,于一切处都应当是无执的,应当是无著的、无住的、无缠的。大王,这是应当取虚空的第五支。大王,这也是世尊、天中之天在教诫自己的儿子拉胡喇时所说的——『拉胡喇,犹如虚空不住于任何处,同样地,拉胡喇,你应当修习如虚空的修习,拉胡喇,当你修习如虚空的修习时,已生起的可意不可意的触将不会占据心而住。』」
Ākāsaṅgapañho chaṭṭho. · 虚空界问第六
7. Candaṅgapañho7. 月界问
§7
‘‘Bhante nāgasena, ‘candassa pañca aṅgāni gahetabbānī’ti yaṃ vadesi, katamāni tāni pañca aṅgāni gahetabbānī’’ti? ‘‘Yathā, mahārāja, cando sukkapakkhe udayanto uttaruttariṃ vaḍḍhati, evameva kho, mahārāja, yoginā yogāvacarena ācārasīlaguṇavattappaṭipattiyā āgamādhigame paṭisallāne satipaṭṭhāne indriyesu guttadvāratāya bhojane mattaññutāya jāgariyānuyoge uttaruttariṃ vaḍḍhitabbaṃ. Idaṃ, mahārāja, candassa paṭhamaṃ aṅgaṃ gahetabbaṃ.
「尊者那先,你所说的『应当取月亮的五支』,那些应当取的五支是哪些呢?」「大王,犹如月亮在白分升起时逐渐增长,同样地,大王,瑜伽者、修瑜伽者应当在行为、戒、德、行道、实践、传承、证得、独坐、须跋、诸根守护门、于食知量、精勤于觉醒方面逐渐增长。大王,这是应当取月亮的第一支。
‘‘Puna caparaṃ, mahārāja, cando uḷārādhipati, evameva kho, mahārāja, yoginā yogāvacarena uḷārena chandādhipatinā bhavitabbaṃ. Idaṃ, mahārāja, candassa dutiyaṃ aṅgaṃ gahetabbaṃ.
再者,大王,月亮是殊胜的主宰,同样地,大王,瑜伽者、修瑜伽者应当具有殊胜的欲主宰。大王,这是应当取月亮的第二支。
‘‘Puna caparaṃ, mahārāja, cando nisāya carati, evameva kho, mahārāja, yoginā yogāvacarena pavivittena bhavitabbaṃ. Idaṃ, mahārāja, candassa tatiyaṃ aṅgaṃ gahetabbaṃ.
再者,大王,月亮依夜而行,同样地,大王,瑜伽者、修瑜伽者应当是远离的。大王,这是应当取月亮的第三支。
‘‘Puna caparaṃ, mahārāja, cando vimānaketu, evameva kho, mahārāja, yoginā yogāvacarena sīlaketunā bhavitabbaṃ. Idaṃ, mahārāja, candassa catutthaṃ aṅgaṃ gahetabbaṃ.
再者,大王,月亮是宫殿的幢相,同样地,大王,瑜伽者、修瑜伽者应当是戒的幢相。大王,这是应当取月亮的第四支。
‘‘Puna caparaṃ, mahārāja, cando āyācitapatthito udeti, evameva kho, mahārāja, yoginā yogāvacarena āyācitapatthitena kulāni upasaṅkamitabbāni. Idaṃ, mahārāja, candassa pañcamaṃ aṅgaṃ gahetabbaṃ. Bhāsitampetaṃ, mahārāja, bhagavatā devātidevena saṃyuttanikāyavare ‘candūpamā, bhikkhave, kulāni upasaṅkamatha, apakasseva kāyaṃ apakassa cittaṃ niccanavakā kulesu appagabbhā’’’ti .
再者,大王,月亮被邀请祈请后才升起,同样地,大王,瑜伽者、修瑜伽者应当被邀请祈请后才前往诸家族。大王,这是应当取月亮的第五支。大王,这也是世尊、天中之天在《相应尼柯耶》中所说的——『诸比库,如月亮般地前往诸家族,退下身体,退下心,在诸家族中常常是新的、不傲慢的。』」
Candaṅgapañho sattamo. · 月界问第七
8. Sūriyaṅgapañho8. 日界问
§8
‘‘Bhante nāgasena, ‘sūriyassa satta aṅgāni gahetabbānī’ti yaṃ vadesi, katamāni tāni satta aṅgāni gahetabbānī’’ti? ‘‘Yathā, mahārāja, sūriyo sabbaṃ udakaṃ parisoseti, evameva kho, mahārāja, yoginā yogāvacarena sabbakilesā anavasesaṃ parisosetabbā. Idaṃ, mahārāja, sūriyassa paṭhamaṃ aṅgaṃ gahetabbaṃ.
「尊者那先,你所说的『应当取太阳的七支』,那些应当取的七支是哪些呢?」「大王,犹如太阳蒸干一切水,同样地,大王,瑜伽者、修瑜伽者应当无余地蒸干一切烦恼。大王,这是应当取太阳的第一支。
‘‘Puna caparaṃ, mahārāja, sūriyo tamandhakāraṃ vidhamati, evameva kho, mahārāja, yoginā yogāvacarena sabbaṃ rāgatamaṃ dosatamaṃ mohatamaṃ mānatamaṃ diṭṭhitamaṃ kilesatamaṃ sabbaṃ duccaritatamaṃ vidhamayitabbaṃ. Idaṃ, mahārāja, sūriyassa dutiyaṃ aṅgaṃ gahetabbaṃ.
再者,大王,太阳驱散黑暗,同样地,大王,瑜伽者、修瑜伽者应当驱散一切贪暗、嗔暗、痴暗、慢暗、见暗、烦恼暗、一切恶行暗。大王,这是应当取太阳的第二支。」
‘‘Puna caparaṃ, mahārāja, sūriyo abhikkhaṇaṃ carati, evameva kho, mahārāja, yoginā yogāvacarena abhikkhaṇaṃ yoniso manasikāro kātabbo. Idaṃ, mahārāja, sūriyassa tatiyaṃ aṅgaṃ gahetabbaṃ.
「再者,大王,太阳恒常运行,同样地,大王,瑜伽者、修习瑜伽者应当恒常如理作意。大王,这是应当取太阳的第三支。
‘‘Puna caparaṃ, mahārāja, sūriyo raṃsimālī, evameva kho, mahārāja, yoginā yogāvacarena ārammaṇamālinā bhavitabbaṃ. Idaṃ, mahārāja, sūriyassa catutthaṃ aṅgaṃ gahetabbaṃ.
「再者,大王,太阳具有光鬘,同样地,大王,瑜伽者、修习瑜伽者应当成为具所缘鬘者。大王,这是应当取太阳的第四支。
‘‘Puna caparaṃ, mahārāja, sūriyo mahājanakāyaṃ santāpento carati, evameva kho, mahārāja, yoginā yogāvacarena ācārasīlaguṇavattappaṭipattiyā jhānavimokkhasamādhisamāpattiindriyabalabojjhaṅgasatipaṭṭhānasammappadhānaiddhipādehi sadevako loko santāpayitabbo. Idaṃ, mahārāja, sūriyassa pañcamaṃ aṅgaṃ gahetabbaṃ.
「再者,大王,太阳热恼大众而运行,同样地,大王,瑜伽者、修习瑜伽者应当以行、戒、德、行道之实践,以禅那、解脱、定、等至、根、力、觉支、须跋、正勤、神足,热恼含天之世间。大王,这是应当取太阳的第五支。
‘‘Puna caparaṃ, mahārāja, sūriyo rāhubhayā bhīto carati, evameva kho, mahārāja, yoginā yogāvacarena duccaritaduggativisamakantāravipākavinipātakilesajālajaṭite diṭṭhisaṅghāṭapaṭimukke kupathapakkhande kummaggapaṭipanne satte disvā mahatā saṃvegabhayena mānasaṃ saṃvejetabbaṃ. Idaṃ, mahārāja, sūriyassa chaṭṭhaṃ aṅgaṃ gahetabbaṃ.
「再者,大王,太阳因罗睺之怖畏而运行,同样地,大王,瑜伽者、修习瑜伽者见到缠于恶行、恶趣、险难、旷野、果报、恶趣、烦恼网、结缚,堕入见结、对面,陷入邪路、邪道的众生后,应当以大悚惧之怖畏震动其心。大王,这是应当取太阳的第六支。
‘‘Puna caparaṃ, mahārāja, sūriyo kalyāṇapāpake dasseti, evameva kho, mahārāja, yoginā yogāvacarena indriyabalabojjhaṅgasatipaṭṭhānasammappadhānaiddhipādalokiyalokuttaradhammā dassetabbā. Idaṃ, mahārāja, sūriyassa sattamaṃ aṅgaṃ gahetabbaṃ. Bhāsitampetaṃ, mahārāja, therena vaṅgīsena –
「再者,大王,太阳显示善与恶,同样地,大王,瑜伽者、修习瑜伽者应当显示根、力、觉支、须跋、正勤、神足、世间法、出世间法。大王,这是应当取太阳的第七支。大王,长老瓦吉沙也说了这个:
‘‘‘Yathāpi sūriyo udayanto, rūpaṃ dasseti pāṇinaṃ;
「『犹如太阳升起时,显示诸有息者之色;
Suciñca asuciñcāpi, kalyāṇañcāpi pāpakaṃ.
净与须跋,善与恶。
‘‘‘Tathā bhikkhu dhammadharo, avijjāpihitaṃ janaṃ;
『如是持法比库,对被无明覆蔽之人众;
Pathaṃ dasseti vividhaṃ, ādiccovudayaṃ yathā’’’ti.
如太阳升起般,显示种种道路。
Sūriyaṅgapañho aṭṭhamo. · 日界问第八
9. Sakkaṅgapañho9. 萨咖界问
§9
‘‘Bhante nāgasena, ‘sakkassa tīṇi aṅgāni gahetabbānī’ti yaṃ vadesi, katamāni tāni tīṇi aṅgāni gahetabbānī’’ti? ‘‘Yathā, mahārāja, sakko ekantasukhasamappito, evameva kho, mahārāja, yoginā yogāvacarena ekantapavivekasukhābhiratena bhavitabbaṃ. Idaṃ, mahārāja, sakkassa paṭhamaṃ aṅgaṃ gahetabbaṃ.
「尊者那先,您说『应取萨咖的三个特质』,应取哪三个特质呢?」「大王,如萨咖完全具足于乐,如是,大王,瑜伽行者应当喜乐于完全远离之乐。大王,这是应取萨咖的第一个特质。
‘‘Puna caparaṃ, mahārāja, sakko deve disvā paggaṇhāti, hāsamabhijaneti, evameva kho, mahārāja, yoginā yogāvacarena kusalesu dhammesu alīnamatanditaṃ santaṃ mānasaṃ paggahetabbaṃ, hāsamabhijanetabbaṃ, uṭṭhahitabbaṃ ghaṭitabbaṃ vāyamitabbaṃ . Idaṃ, mahārāja, sakkassa dutiyaṃ aṅgaṃ gahetabbaṃ.
「再者,大王,萨咖见到诸天人后鼓励他们、使他们欢喜,如是,大王,瑜伽行者应当在诸善法上鼓励不沉没、不懈怠、寂静的心,使之欢喜,应当奋起、努力、精进。大王,这是应取萨咖的第二个特质。
‘‘Puna caparaṃ, mahārāja, sakkassa anabhirati nuppajjati, evameva kho, mahārāja, yoginā yogāvacarena suññāgāre anabhirati na uppādetabbā. Idaṃ, mahārāja, sakkassa tatiyaṃ aṅgaṃ gahetabbaṃ. Bhāsitampetaṃ, mahārāja, therena subhūtinā –
「再者,大王,萨咖不生起不喜,如是,大王,瑜伽行者不应在空闲处生起不喜。大王,这是应取萨咖的第三个特质。大王,长老须菩提也说过此事——
‘‘‘Sāsane te mahāvīra, yato pabbajito ahaṃ;
『大雄,自从我在你的教法中出家,
Nābhijānāmi uppannaṃ, mānasaṃ kāmasaṃhita’’’nti.
我不知有与欲相应的心生起。』
Sakkaṅgapañho navamo. · 萨咖界问第九
10. Cakkavattiṅgapañho10. 转轮王界问
§10
‘‘Bhante nāgasena, ‘cakkavattissa cattāri aṅgāni gahetabbānī’ti yaṃ vadesi, katamāni tāni cattāri aṅgāni gahetabbānī’’ti? ‘‘Yathā, mahārāja , cakkavattī catūhi saṅgahavatthūhi janaṃ saṅgaṇhāti, evameva kho, mahārāja, yoginā yogāvacarena catassannaṃ parisānaṃ mānasaṃ saṅgahetabbaṃ anuggahetabbaṃ sampahaṃsetabbaṃ. Idaṃ, mahārāja, cakkavattissa paṭhamaṃ aṅgaṃ gahetabbaṃ.
「尊者那先,您说『应取转轮王的四个特质』,应取哪四个特质呢?」「大王,如转轮王以四摄事摄受民众,如是,大王,瑜伽行者应当摄受、随摄受、使四众欢喜。大王,这是应取转轮王的第一个特质。
‘‘Puna caparaṃ, mahārāja, cakkavattissa vijite corā na uṭṭhahanti, evameva kho, mahārāja, yoginā yogāvacarena kāmarāgabyāpādavihiṃsāvitakkā na uppādetabbā. Idaṃ, mahārāja, cakkavattissa dutiyaṃ aṅgaṃ gahetabbaṃ. Bhāsitampetaṃ, mahārāja, bhagavatā devātidevena –
「再者,大王,在转轮王的领域内盗贼不生起,如是,大王,瑜伽行者不应生起欲贪、嗔恚、害之寻。大王,这是应取转轮王的第二个特质。大王,世尊天中之天也说过此事——
‘‘‘Vitakkūpasame ca yo rato, asubhaṃ bhāvayate sadā sato;
「凡乐于寻的止息者,常具念修习须跋,
Esa kho byantikāhiti, esa checchati mārabandhana’nti.
此人确实将作苦的终结,此人将断除魔的束缚。」
‘‘Puna caparaṃ, mahārāja, cakkavattī divase divase samuddapariyantaṃ mahāpathaviṃ anuyāyati kalyāṇapāpakāni vicinamāno, evameva kho, mahārāja, yoginā yogāvacarena kāyakammaṃ vacīkammaṃ manokammaṃ divase divase paccavekkhitabbaṃ ‘kiṃ nu kho me imehi tīhi ṭhānehi anupavajjassa divaso vītivattatī’ti. Idaṃ, mahārāja, cakkavattissa tatiyaṃ aṅgaṃ gahetabbaṃ. Bhāsitampetaṃ, mahārāja, bhagavatā devātidevena aṅguttaranikāyavare –
「再者,大王,转轮王日日巡行至海边的大地,辨别善恶,同样地,大王,瑜伽者、修瑜伽者应日日省察身业、语业、意业:『我的一日是否以这三处无过失而度过?』大王,这是应取转轮王的第三支分。大王,这也是世尊、天中之天在增支尼柯耶中所说——
‘Kathambhūtassa me rattindivā vītivattantīti pabbajitena abhiṇhaṃ paccavekkhitabba’nti.
「『我的日夜如何度过?』出家者应常省察。」
‘‘Puna caparaṃ, mahārāja, cakkavattissa abbhantarabāhirārakkhā susaṃvihitā hoti, evameva kho, mahārāja, yoginā yogāvacarena abbhantarānaṃ bāhirānaṃ kilesānaṃ ārakkhāya satidovāriko ṭhapetabbo. Idaṃ , mahārāja, cakkavattissa catutthaṃ aṅgaṃ gahetabbaṃ. Bhāsitampetaṃ, mahārāja, bhagavatā devātidevena –
「再者,大王,转轮王的内外守护善加安置,同样地,大王,瑜伽者、修瑜伽者应设立念门卫以守护内外诸烦恼。大王,这是应取转轮王的第四支分。大王,这也是世尊、天中之天所说——
‘Satidovāriko, bhikkhave, ariyasāvako akusalaṃ pajahati kusalaṃ bhāveti, sāvajjaṃ pajahati, anavajjaṃ bhāveti, suddhamattānaṃ pariharatī’’’ti.
「诸比库,具念门卫的圣弟子舍断不善,修习善;舍断有过失,修习无过失,守护自己的清净。」
Cakkavattiṅgapañho dasamo. · 转轮王界问第十
Pathavīvaggo tatiyo. · 地品第三
Tassuddānaṃ –
其摄颂——
Pathavī āpo ca tejo ca, vāyo ca pabbatena ca;
地、水、火、风与山,
Ākāso candasūriyo ca, sakko ca cakkavattināti.
虚空、日月、萨咖与转轮王。
4. Upacikāvaggo
4. 蚊虻品
1. Upacikaṅgapañho1. 蚁界问
§1
‘‘Bhante nāgasena, ‘upacikāya ekaṃ aṅgaṃ gahetabba’nti yaṃ vadesi, katamaṃ taṃ ekaṃ aṅgaṃ gahetabba’’nti? ‘‘Yathā, mahārāja, upacikā upari chadanaṃ katvā attānaṃ pidahitvā gocarāya carati, evameva kho, mahārāja, yoginā yogāvacarena sīlasaṃvarachadanaṃ katvā mānasaṃ pidahitvā piṇḍāya caritabbaṃ, sīlasaṃvarachadanena kho, mahārāja, yogī yogāvacaro sabbabhayasamatikkanto hoti. Idaṃ, mahārāja, upacikāya ekaṃ aṅgaṃ gahetabbaṃ, bhāsitampetaṃ, mahārāja, therena upasenena vaṅgantaputtena –
「尊者那先,你说『应取蚊虻的一支』,应取哪一支呢?」「大王,譬如蚊虻在上面做覆盖后,遮蔽自己而行于食处,同样地,大王,瑜伽行者应以戒律防护的覆盖遮蔽心后而行乞食。大王,以戒律防护的覆盖,瑜伽行者超越一切怖畏。大王,这是应取蚊虻的一支。大王,这也是长老伍巴些那·旺甘答子所说——」
‘‘‘Sīlasaṃvarachadanaṃ, yogī katvāna mānasaṃ;
「『瑜伽行者以戒律防护的覆盖遮蔽心后;」
Anupalitto lokena, bhayā ca parimuccatī’’’ti.
「『不被世间所染污,从怖畏中解脱。』」
Upacikaṅgapañho paṭhamo. · 蚁界问第一
2. Biḷāraṅgapañho2. 猫界问
§2
‘‘Bhante nāgasena, ‘biḷārassa dve aṅgāni gahetabbānī’ti yaṃ vadesi, katamāni tāni dve aṅgāni gahetabbānī’’ti? ‘‘Yathā, mahārāja, biḷāro guhāgatopi susiragatopi hammiyantaragatopi undūraṃ yeva pariyesati, evameva kho, mahārāja, yoginā yogāvacarena gāmagatenāpi araññagatenāpi rukkhamūlagatenāpi suññāgāragatenāpi satataṃ samitaṃ appamattena kāyagatāsatibhojanaṃ yeva pariyesitabbaṃ. Idaṃ, mahārāja, biḷārassa paṭhamaṃ aṅgaṃ gahetabbaṃ.
「尊者那先,你说『应取猫的两支』,应取哪两支呢?」「大王,譬如猫无论去到洞穴、去到孔隙、去到楼阁之间,都只寻找老鼠,同样地,大王,瑜伽行者无论去到村落、去到林野、去到树下、去到空屋,都应常常、持续地、不放逸地只寻找身至念之食。大王,这是应取猫的第一支。」
‘‘Puna caparaṃ, mahārāja, biḷāro āsanne yeva gocaraṃ pariyesati, evameva kho, mahārāja, yoginā yogāvacarena imesu yeva pañcasu upādānakkhandhesu udayabbayānupassinā viharitabbaṃ ‘iti rūpaṃ iti rūpassa samudayo iti rūpassa atthaṅgamo, iti vedanā iti vedanāya samudayo iti vedanāya atthaṅgamo, iti saññā iti saññāya samudayo iti saññāya atthaṅgamo, iti saṅkhārā iti saṅkhārānaṃ samudayo iti saṅkhārānaṃ atthaṅgamo, iti viññāṇaṃ iti viññāṇassa samudayo iti viññāṇassa atthaṅgamo’ti. Idaṃ, mahārāja, biḷārassa dutiyaṃ aṅgaṃ gahetabbaṃ. Bhāsitampetaṃ, mahārāja, bhagavatā devātidevena –
「再者,大王,猫只在附近寻找食处,同样地,大王,瑜伽行者应就在这五取蕴中随观生灭而住:『如是色,如是色之集,如是色之灭;如是受,如是受之集,如是受之灭;如是想,如是想之集,如是想之灭;如是行,如是行之集,如是行之灭;如是识,如是识之集,如是识之灭。』大王,这是应取猫的第二支。大王,这也是世尊、天中之天所说——」
‘‘‘Na ito dūre bhavitabbaṃ, bhavaggaṃ kiṃ karissati;
「『不应离此而有,有顶将做什么?」
Paccuppannamhi vohāre, sake kāyamhi vindathā’’’ti.
于现在的言说中,于自己的身中发现。
Biḷāraṅgapañho dutiyo. · 猫界问第二
3. Undūraṅgapañho3. 鼠界问
§3
‘‘Bhante nāgasena, ‘undūrassa ekaṃ aṅgaṃ gahetabba’nti yaṃ vadesi, katamaṃ taṃ ekaṃ aṅgaṃ gahetabba’’nti? ‘‘Yathā, mahārāja, undūro itocito ca vicaranto āhārūpāsīsako yeva carati, evameva kho, mahārāja , yoginā yogāvacarena itocito ca vicarantena yoniso manasikārūpāsīsakeneva bhavitabbaṃ. Idaṃ, mahārāja, undūrassa ekaṃ aṅgaṃ gahetabbaṃ. Bhāsitampetaṃ, mahārāja, therena upasenena vaṅgantaputtena –
「尊者那先,你所说的『应取老鼠的一支』,应取哪一支呢?」「大王,譬如老鼠到处游走,只是为了寻求食物而行,同样地,大王,瑜伽者、修习瑜伽者到处游走时,应只为了如理作意而寻求。大王,这是应取老鼠的一支。大王,这也是长老伍巴些那·旺甘答子所说——
‘‘‘Dhammāsīsaṃ karitvāna, viharanto vipassako;
「作意于法之寻求,住于观者;
Anolīno viharati, upasanto sadā sato’’’ti.
他无染而住,寂静、常具念。」
Undūraṅgapañho tatiyo. · 鼠界问第三
4. Vicchikaṅgapañho4. 蝎界问
§4
‘‘Bhante nāgasena, ‘vicchikassa ekaṃ aṅgaṃ gahetabba’nti yaṃ vadesi, katamaṃ taṃ ekaṃ aṅgaṃ gahetabba’’nti? ‘‘Yathā, mahārāja, vicchiko naṅgulāvudho naṅgulaṃ ussāpetvā carati, evameva kho, mahārāja, yoginā yogāvacarena ñāṇāvudhena bhavitabbaṃ, ñāṇaṃ ussāpetvā viharitabbaṃ . Idaṃ, mahārāja, vicchikassa ekaṃ aṅgaṃ gahetabbaṃ. Bhāsitampetaṃ, mahārāja, therena upasenena vaṅgantaputtena –
「尊者那先,你所说的『应取蝎子的一支』,应取哪一支呢?」「大王,譬如蝎子以尾为武器,举起尾巴而行,同样地,大王,瑜伽者、修习瑜伽者应以智为武器,举起智而住。大王,这是应取蝎子的一支。大王,这也是长老伍巴些那·旺甘答子所说——
‘‘‘Ñāṇakhaggaṃ gahetvāna, viharanto vipassako;
「执持智剑,住于观者;
Parimuccati sabbabhayā, duppasaho ca so bhave’’’ti.
他从一切怖畏中解脱,于有中难以战胜。」
Vicchikaṅgapañho catuttho. · 蝎界问第四
5. Nakulaṅgapañho5. 獴界问
§5
‘‘Bhante nāgasena, ‘nakulassa ekaṃ aṅgaṃ gahetabba’nti yaṃ vadesi, katamaṃ taṃ ekaṃ aṅgaṃ gahetabba’’nti? ‘‘Yathā, mahārāja, nakulo uragamupagacchanto bhesajjena kāyaṃ paribhāvetvā uragamupagacchati gahetuṃ, evameva kho, mahārāja, yoginā yogāvacarena kodhāghātabahulaṃ kalahaviggahavivādavirodhābhibhūtaṃ lokamupagacchantena mettābhesajjena mānasaṃ anulimpitabbaṃ. Idaṃ, mahārāja, nakulassa ekaṃ aṅgaṃ gahetabbaṃ. Bhāsitampetaṃ, mahārāja, therena sāriputtena dhammasenāpatinā –
「尊者那先,你所说的『应取獴的一支』,应取哪一支呢?」「大王,譬如獴接近蛇时,以药涂遍身体后才接近蛇去捕捉,同样地,大王,瑜伽者、修习瑜伽者接近充满忿怒、嗔恨、争吵、诤论、诤辩、敌对所征服的世间时,应以慈悲之药涂抹心。大王,这是应取獴的一支。大王,这也是长老沙利子·法大将所说——
‘‘‘Tasmā sakaṃ paresampi, kātabbā mettabhāvanā;
「因此,对自己和他人,都应修习慈心;
Mettacittena pharitabbaṃ, etaṃ buddhāna sāsana’’’nti.
应以慈心遍满,这是诸佛的教导。」
Nakulaṅgapañho pañcamo. · 獴界问第五
6. Jarasiṅgālaṅgapañho6. 老豺界问
§6
‘‘Bhante nāgasena, ‘jarasiṅgālassa dve aṅgāni gahetabbānī’ti yaṃ vadesi, katamāni tāni dve aṅgāni gahetabbānī’’ti? ‘‘Yathā, mahārāja, jarasiṅgālo bhojanaṃ paṭilabhitvā ajigucchamāno yāvadatthaṃ āharayati, evameva kho, mahārāja, yoginā yogāvacarena bhojanaṃ paṭilabhitvā ajigucchamānena sarīrayāpanamattameva paribhuñjitabbaṃ. Idaṃ, mahārāja, jarasiṅgālassa paṭhamaṃ aṅgaṃ gahetabbaṃ. Bhāsitampetaṃ, mahārāja, therena mahākassapena –
「尊者那先,你说『应取老豺狼的两个特质』,应取哪两个特质?」「大王,譬如老豺狼获得食物后,不厌恶地随所需而食用,同样地,大王,瑜伽行者获得食物后,应不厌恶地仅为维持身体而受用。大王,这是应取老豺狼的第一个特质。大王,这也是长老摩诃咖沙巴所说——
‘‘‘Senāsanamhā oruyha, gāmaṃ piṇḍāya pāvisiṃ;
「从住处下来,我为了托钵进入村庄;
Bhuñjantaṃ purisaṃ kuṭṭhiṃ, sakkacca naṃ upaṭṭhahiṃ.
我恭敬地须跋,一位正在进食的麻风病人。
‘‘‘So me pakkena hatthena, ālopaṃ upanāmayi;
「他用腐烂的手,递给我一团食物;
Ālopaṃ pakkhipantassa, aṅgulipettha chijjatha.
当他投入那团食物时,手指就在那里断落了。
‘‘‘Kuṭṭamūlañca nissāya, ālopaṃ taṃ abhuñjisaṃ;
「我连同麻风病根,食用了那团食物;
Bhuñjamāne vā bhutte vā, jegucchaṃ me na vijjatī’ti.
无论正在吃或已吃完,我都没有厌恶。
‘‘Puna caparaṃ, mahārāja, jarasiṅgālo bhojanaṃ paṭilabhitvā na vicināti lūkhaṃ vā paṇītaṃ vāti, evameva kho, mahārāja, yoginā yogāvacarena bhojanaṃ paṭilabhitvā na vicinitabbaṃ ‘lūkhaṃ vā paṇītaṃ vā sampannaṃ vā asampannaṃ vā’ti, yathāladdhena santussitabbaṃ. Idaṃ, mahārāja, jarasiṅgālassa dutiyaṃ aṅgaṃ gahetabbaṃ. Bhāsitampetaṃ, mahārāja, therena upasenena vaṅgantaputtena –
再者,大王,老豺狼获得食物后,不分别论「粗劣或精美」,同样地,大王,瑜伽行者获得食物后,不应分别论「粗劣或精美,完善或不完善」,应对所得之物感到满足。大王,这是应取老豺狼的第二支。大王,长老伍巴些那·旺甘答子也说过此事——
‘‘‘Lūkhenapi ca santusse, nāññaṃ patthe rasaṃ bahuṃ;
「即使粗劣也应满足,不应希求其他许多美味;
Rasesu anugiddhassa, jhāne na ramate mano;
对诸味贪求者,心不乐于禅那;
Itarītarena santuṭṭho , sāmaññaṃ paripūratī’’’ti.
对各种所得满足者,圆满沙门性。」
Jarasiṅgālaṅgapañho chaṭṭho. · 老豺界问第六
7. Migaṅgapañho7. 鹿界问
§7
‘‘Bhante nāgasena, ‘migassa tīṇi aṅgāni gahetabbānī’ti yaṃ vadesi, katamāni tāni tīṇi aṅgāni gahetabbānī’’ti? ‘‘Yathā, mahārāja, migo divā araññe carati, rattiṃ abbhokāse, evameva kho, mahārāja, yoginā yogāvacarena divā araññe viharitabbaṃ, rattiṃ abbhokāse. Idaṃ, mahārāja, migassa paṭhamaṃ aṅgaṃ gahetabbaṃ.
「尊者那先,你说『应取鹿的三支』,哪三支应取呢?」「大王,如鹿白天在林野游行,夜晚在露地,同样地,大王,瑜伽行者白天应住在林野,夜晚在露地。大王,这是应取鹿的第一支。
‘‘Bhāsitampetaṃ, mahārāja, bhagavatā devātidevena lomahaṃsanapariyāye –
大王,世尊天中之天在令毛竖立经中也说过——
‘So kho ahaṃ, sāriputta, yā tā rattiyo sītā hemantikā antaraṭṭhakā himapātasamayā , tathārūpāsu rattīsu rattiṃ abbhokāse viharāmi, divā vanasaṇḍe. Gimhānaṃ pacchime māse divā abbhokāse viharāmi, rattiṃ vanasaṇḍe’ti.
「沙利子,在那些寒冷的冬季之夜,八日期间,降雪之时,在那样的夜晚,我夜晚住在露地,白天在丛林中。在夏季最后一个月,我白天住在露地,夜晚在丛林中。」
‘‘Puna caparaṃ, mahārāja, migo sattimhi vā sare vā opatante vañceti palāyati, na kāyamupaneti, evameva kho, mahārāja, yoginā yogāvacarena kilesesu opatantesu vañcayitabbaṃ palāyitabbaṃ, na cittamupanetabbaṃ. Idaṃ, mahārāja, migassa dutiyaṃ aṅgaṃ gahetabbaṃ.
「再者,大王,鹿在箭或矛落下时,欺骗逃走,不呈现身体。同样地,大王,瑜伽者、修瑜伽者应当在诸烦恼落下时欺骗、逃走,不应呈现心。大王,这是应取鹿的第二支。」
‘‘Puna caparaṃ, mahārāja, migo manusse disvā yena vā tena vā palāyati ‘mā maṃ te addasaṃsū’ti, evameva kho, mahārāja, yoginā yogāvacarena bhaṇḍanakalahaviggahavivādasīle dussīle kusīte saṅgaṇikārāme disvā yena vā tena vā palāyitabbaṃ ‘mā maṃ te addasaṃsu, ahañca te mā addasa’nti. Idaṃ, mahārāja, migassa tatiyaṃ aṅgaṃ gahetabbaṃ. Bhāsitampetaṃ, mahārāja, therena sāriputtena dhammasenāpatinā –
「再者,大王,鹿见到人们后,无论往何处都逃走,『愿他们不要看见我』。同样地,大王,瑜伽者、修瑜伽者见到喜好争论、争吵、诤斗、论战的恶戒者、懈怠者、喜好群聚者后,应当无论往何处都逃走,『愿他们不要看见我,愿我也不要看见他们』。大王,这是应取鹿的第三支。大王,这也是长老沙利子、法大将所说——」
‘‘‘Mā me kadāci pāpiccho, kusīto hīnavīriyo;
「『愿我任何时候都不要有恶欲者、懈怠者、下劣精进者、」
Appassuto anācāro, sammato ahu katthacī’’’ti.
「『少闻者、无行者,在任何地方被尊重。』」
Migaṅgapañho sattamo. · 鹿界问第七
8. Gorūpaṅgapañho8. 牛界问
§8
‘‘Bhante nāgasena, ‘gorūpassa cattāri aṅgāni gahetabbānī’ti yaṃ vadesi, katamāni tāni cattāri aṅgāni gahetabbānī’’ti? ‘‘Yathā, mahārāja, gorūpo sakaṃ gehaṃ na vijahati, evameva kho, mahārāja, yoginā yogāvacarena sako kāyo na vijahitabbo ‘aniccucchādanaparimaddanabhedanavikiraṇaviddhaṃsanadhammo ayaṃ kāyo’ti. Idaṃ, mahārāja, gorūpassa paṭhamaṃ aṅgaṃ gahetabbaṃ.
「尊者那先,你所说的『应取牛的四支』,那些应取的四支是哪些呢?」「大王,譬如牛不舍弃自己的家,同样地,大王,瑜伽者、修瑜伽者不应舍弃自己的身体,『这身体是无常的、被覆盖的、被摩擦的、被破坏的、被散坏的、被毁灭之法』。大王,这是应取牛的第一支。」
‘‘Puna caparaṃ, mahārāja, gorūpo ādinnadhuro sukhadukkhena dhuraṃ vahati, evameva kho, mahārāja, yoginā yogāvacarena ādinnabrahmacariyena sukhadukkhena yāva jīvitapariyādānā āpāṇakoṭikaṃ brahmacariyaṃ caritabbaṃ. Idaṃ, mahārāja, gorūpassa dutiyaṃ aṅgaṃ gahetabbaṃ.
「再者,大王,牛承担了轭后,以苦乐负轭。同样地,大王,瑜伽者、修瑜伽者承担了梵行后,应当以苦乐直到命终、直到命尽修习梵行。大王,这是应取牛的第二支。」
‘‘Puna caparaṃ, mahārāja, gorūpo chandena ghāyamāno pānīyaṃ pivati, evameva kho, mahārāja, yoginā yogāvacarena ācariyupajjhāyānaṃ anusiṭṭhi chandena pemena pasādena ghāyamānena paṭiggahetabbā. Idaṃ, mahārāja, gorūpassa tatiyaṃ aṅgaṃ gahetabbaṃ.
「再者,大王,牛以欲、以爱被驱使而饮水。同样地,大王,瑜伽者、修瑜伽者应当以欲、以爱、以净信被驱使而接受诸老师、诸邬波驮耶的教诫。大王,这是应取牛的第三支。」
‘‘Puna caparaṃ, mahārāja, gorūpo yena kenaci vāhiyamāno vahati, evameva kho, mahārāja, yoginā yogāvacarena theranavamajjhimabhikkhūnampi gihiupāsakassāpi ovādānusāsanī sirasā sampaṭicchitabbā. Idaṃ, mahārāja, gorūpassa catutthaṃ aṅgaṃ gahetabbaṃ. Bhāsitampetaṃ, mahārāja, therena sāriputtena dhammasenāpatinā –
「再者,大王,牛被任何人驱使都负载。同样地,大王,瑜伽者、修瑜伽者应当以头接受长老比库、中座比库、在家近事男的教诫与教诲。大王,这是应取牛的第四支。大王,这也是长老沙利子、法大将所说——」
‘‘‘Tadahu pabbajito santo, jātiyā sattavassiko;
「那天出家后,安静,年龄七岁;
Sopi maṃ anusāseyya, sampaṭicchāmi matthake .
他也教诫我,我恭敬地接受在头顶。
‘‘‘Tibbaṃ chandañca pemañca, tasmiṃ disvā upaṭṭhape;
「对他看见强烈的意欲与爱,我应须跋;
Ṭhapeyyācariyaṭṭhāne, sakkacca naṃ punappuna’’’nti.
应安置在老师的位置,恭敬地一次又一次地(须跋)他。」
Gorūpaṅgapañho aṭṭhamo. · 牛界问第八
9. Varāhaṅgapañho9. 猪界问
§9
‘‘Bhante nāgasena, ‘varāhassa dve aṅgāni gahetabbānī’ti yaṃ vadesi, katamāni tāni dve aṅgāni gahetabbānī’’ti? ‘‘Yathā, mahārāja, varāho santattakaṭhite gimhasamaye sampatte udakaṃ upagacchati, evameva kho, mahārāja, yoginā yogāvacarena dosena citte āluḷitakhalitavibbhantasantatte sītalāmatapaṇītamettābhāvanaṃ upagantabbaṃ. Idaṃ, mahārāja, varāhassa paṭhamaṃ aṅgaṃ gahetabbaṃ.
「尊者那先,你说『应取野猪的两个部分』,应取哪两个部分?」「大王,譬如野猪在炎热的夏季到来、大地被烧焦时,前往水处,同样地,大王,瑜伽者、修行者当心被嗔恨所扰乱、动摇、混乱、烧热时,应前往清凉、甘露、殊胜的慈修习。大王,这是应取野猪的第一个部分。
‘‘Puna caparaṃ, mahārāja, varāho cikkhallamudakamupagantvā nāsikāya pathaviṃ khaṇitvā doṇiṃ katvā doṇikāya sayati, evameva kho, mahārāja, yoginā yogāvacarena mānase kāyaṃ nikkhipitvā ārammaṇantaragatena sayitabbaṃ. Idaṃ, mahārāja, varāhassa dutiyaṃ aṅgaṃ gahetabbaṃ. Bhāsitampetaṃ, mahārāja, therena piṇḍolabhāradvājena –
「再者,大王,野猪前往泥水处后,用鼻子挖掘大地,做成坑,躺在坑中,同样地,大王,瑜伽者、修行者应将身放在意中,前往其他所缘而躺卧。大王,这是应取野猪的第二个部分。大王,长老宾头卢跋罗堕阇也说过此事——
‘‘‘Kāye sabhāvaṃ disvāna, vicinitvā vipassako;
「「见身的自性后,观者观察;
Ekākiyo adutiyo, seti ārammaṇantare’’’ti.
独一无伴,躺卧在其他所缘中。」」
Varāhaṅgapañho navamo. · 猪界问第九
10. Hatthiṅgapañho10. 象界问
§10
‘‘Bhante nāgasena, ‘hatthissa pañca aṅgāni gahetabbānī’ti yaṃ vadesi, katamāni tāni pañca aṅgāni gahetabbānī’’ti? ‘‘Yathā, mahārāja, hatthī nāma caranto yeva pathaviṃ dāleti, evameva kho, mahārāja, yoginā yogāvacarena kāyaṃ sammasamāneneva sabbe kilesā dāletabbā. Idaṃ, mahārāja, hatthissa paṭhamaṃ aṅgaṃ gahetabbaṃ.
「尊者那先,你说『应当取象的五支』,哪些是应当取的那五支?」「大王,譬如象行走时即破裂大地,如是,大王,瑜伽者、修习瑜伽者应当正观察身即破裂一切烦恼。大王,这是应当取的象的第一支。
‘‘Puna caparaṃ, mahārāja, hatthī sabbakāyeneva apaloketi, ujukaṃ yeva pekkhati, na disāvidisā viloketi, evameva kho, mahārāja, yoginā yogāvacarena sabbakāyena apalokinā bhavitabbaṃ, na disāvidisā viloketabbā, na uddhaṃ ulloketabbaṃ, na adho oloketabbaṃ, yugamattapekkhinā bhavitabbaṃ. Idaṃ, mahārāja, hatthissa dutiyaṃ aṅgaṃ gahetabbaṃ.
「再者,大王,象以全身回顾,只是直视,不向四方八面观看,如是,大王,瑜伽者、修习瑜伽者应当以全身回顾,不应向四方八面观看,不应向上仰视,不应向下俯视,应当只看轭的范围。大王,这是应当取的象的第二支。
‘‘Puna caparaṃ, mahārāja, hatthī anibaddhasayano gocarāyamanugantvā na tameva desaṃ vāsatthamupagacchati, na dhuvappatiṭṭhālayo, evameva kho, mahārāja, yoginā yogāvacarena anibaddhasayanena bhavitabbaṃ, nirālayena piṇḍāya gantabbaṃ, yadi passati vipassako manuññaṃ patirūpaṃ ruciradese bhavaṃ maṇḍapaṃ vā rukkhamūlaṃ vā guhaṃ vā pabbhāraṃ vā, tattheva vāsamupagantabbaṃ, dhuvappatiṭṭhālayo na kātabbo. Idaṃ, mahārāja, hatthissa tatiyaṃ aṅgaṃ gahetabbaṃ.
「再者,大王,象不固定卧处,为了觅食而行,不前往同一地方作为住处,不作固定的住所,如是,大王,瑜伽者、修习瑜伽者应当不固定卧处,应当无家而行乞食,如果观者看见可意的、适当的、悦意之处的美好的亭阁、树根、洞窟或山崖,应当就在那里前往住宿,不应作固定的住所。大王,这是应当取的象的第三支。
‘‘Puna caparaṃ, mahārāja, hatthī udakaṃ ogāhitvā sucivimalasītalasalilaparipuṇṇaṃ kumuduppalapadumapuṇḍarīkasañchannaṃ mahatimahantaṃ padumasaraṃ ogāhitvā kīḷati gajavarakīḷaṃ, evameva kho, mahārāja, yoginā yogāvacarena sucivimalavippasannamanāviladhammavaravāripuṇṇaṃ vimuttikusumasañchannaṃ mahāsatipaṭṭhānapokkharaṇiṃ ogāhitvā ñāṇena saṅkhārā odhunitabbā vidhunitabbā, yogāvacarakīḷā kīḷitabbā. Idaṃ, mahārāja, hatthissa catutthaṃ aṅgaṃ gahetabbaṃ.
「再者,大王,象入水后,入于充满清净、明净、清凉、清澈之水、覆盖着睡莲、红莲、白莲、白莲华的广大的莲池后嬉戏,嬉戏象王之戏,如是,大王,瑜伽者、修习瑜伽者应当入于充满清净、明净、澄净、不浊的法水、覆盖着解脱之花的须跋之池后,以智抖落诸行、振落诸行,应当嬉戏修习瑜伽者之戏。大王,这是应当取的象的第四支。
‘‘Puna caparaṃ, mahārāja, hatthī sato pādaṃ uddharati, sato pādaṃ nikkhipati, evameva kho, mahārāja, yoginā yogāvacarena satena sampajānena pādaṃ uddharitabbaṃ, satena sampajānena pādaṃ nikkhipitabbaṃ, abhikkamapaṭikkame samiñjanapasāraṇe sabbattha satena sampajānena bhavitabbaṃ. Idaṃ, mahārāja, hatthissa pañcamaṃ aṅgaṃ gahetabbaṃ. Bhāsitampetaṃ, mahārāja, bhagavatā devātidevena saṃyuttanikāyavare –
「再者,大王,象具念地举足,具念地放足,如是,大王,瑜伽者、修习瑜伽者应当具念、正知地举足,具念、正知地放足,在前进、后退、屈伸时,应当在一切处具念、正知。大王,这是应当取的象的第五支。大王,这也是世尊、天中之天在相应部中所说——
‘‘‘Kāyena saṃvaro sādhu, sādhu vācāya saṃvaro;
「『身律仪是善,语律仪是善;
Manasā saṃvaro sādhu, sādhu sabbattha saṃvaro;
意律仪是善,一切处律仪是善;
Sabbattha saṃvuto lajjī, rakkhitoti pavuccatī’’’ti.
一切处律仪者、有惭者,被称为守护者。』」
Hatthiṅgapañho dasamo.Upacikāvaggo catuttho. · 象界问第十。蚁品第四
Tassuddānaṃ –
其偈颂——
Upacikā biḷāro ca, undūro vicchikena ca;
老鼠被猫,鼹鼠被蝎子;
Nakulo siṅgālo migo,
鼬鼠、豺、鹿,
Gorūpo varāho hatthinā dasāti.
野牛、野猪被象所杀,共十种。
5. Sīhavaggo
5. 狮子品
1. Sīhaṅgapañho1. 狮界问
§1
‘‘Bhante nāgasena, ‘sīhassa satta aṅgāni gahetabbānī’ti yaṃ vadesi, katamāni tāni satta aṅgāni gahetabbānī’’ti? ‘‘Yathā, mahārāja, sīho nāma setavimalaparisuddhapaṇḍaro, evameva kho, mahārāja, yoginā yogāvacarena setavimalaparisuddhapaṇḍaracittena byapagatakukkuccena bhavitabbaṃ. Idaṃ, mahārāja, sīhassa paṭhamaṃ aṅgaṃ gahetabbaṃ.
「尊者那先,你说『应取狮子的七支』,那些应取的七支是什么?」「大王,譬如狮子名为白净清净纯白,同样地,大王,瑜伽者、修瑜伽者应以白净清净纯白之心、离恶作而住。大王,这是应取狮子的第一支。
‘‘Puna caparaṃ, mahārāja, sīho catucaraṇo vikkantacārī, evameva kho, mahārāja, yoginā yogāvacarena caturiddhipādacaraṇena bhavitabbaṃ. Idaṃ, mahārāja, sīhassa dutiyaṃ aṅgaṃ gahetabbaṃ.
「再者,大王,狮子四足行走,同样地,大王,瑜伽者、修瑜伽者应以四神足为足而住。大王,这是应取狮子的第二支。
‘‘Puna caparaṃ, mahārāja, sīho abhirūparucirakesarī, evameva kho, mahārāja, yoginā yogāvacarena abhirūparucirasīlakesarinā bhavitabbaṃ. Idaṃ, mahārāja, sīhassa tatiyaṃ aṅgaṃ gahetabbaṃ.
「再者,大王,狮子端正可爱有鬃毛,同样地,大王,瑜伽者、修瑜伽者应以端正可爱的戒鬃毛而住。大王,这是应取狮子的第三支。
‘‘Puna caparaṃ, mahārāja, sīho jīvitapariyādānepi na kassaci onamati, evameva kho, mahārāja, yoginā yogāvacarena cīvarapiṇḍapātasenāsanagilānapaccayabhesajjaparikkhārapariyādānepi na kassaci onamitabbaṃ. Idaṃ, mahārāja, sīhassa catutthaṃ aṅgaṃ gahetabbaṃ.
「再者,大王,狮子即使到了命终之时也不向任何人屈服,同样地,大王,瑜伽者、修瑜伽者即使到了衣、钵食、坐卧处、病者所需药资具命终之时也不应向任何人屈服。大王,这是应取狮子的第四支。
‘‘Puna caparaṃ, mahārāja, sīho sapadānabhakkho yasmiṃ okāse nipatati, tattheva yāvadatthaṃ bhakkhayati, na varamaṃsaṃ vicināti, evameva kho, mahārāja, yoginā yogāvacarena sapadānabhakkhena bhavitabbaṃ, na kulāni vicinitabbāni, na pubbagehaṃ hitvā kulāni upasaṅkamitabbāni, na bhojanaṃ vicinitabbaṃ, yasmiṃ okāse kabaḷaṃ ādīyati, tasmiṃ yeva okāse bhuñjitabbaṃ sarīrayāpanatthaṃ , na varabhojanaṃ vicinitabbaṃ. Idaṃ, mahārāja, sīhassa pañcamaṃ aṅgaṃ gahetabbaṃ.
「再者,大王,狮子是即食者,在它落下的地方,就在那里随所需而食,不寻求上等肉,同样地,大王,瑜伽者、修瑜伽者应是即食者,不应寻求诸家族,不应舍弃先前的家而前往诸家族,不应寻求食物,在取得食团的地方,就应在那个地方为了维持身体而食用,不应寻求上等食物。大王,这是应取狮子的第五支。
‘‘Puna caparaṃ, mahārāja, sīho asannidhibhakkho, sakiṃ gocaraṃ bhakkhayitvā na puna taṃ upagacchati, evameva kho, mahārāja, yoginā yogāvacarena asannidhikāraparibhoginā bhavitabbaṃ. Idaṃ, mahārāja, sīhassa chaṭṭhaṃ aṅgaṃ gahetabbaṃ.
「再者,大王,狮子是不积食者,一次食用猎物后不再回到那里,同样地,大王,瑜伽者、修瑜伽者应是不作储藏而受用者。大王,这是应取狮子的第六支。
‘‘Puna caparaṃ , mahārāja, sīho bhojanaṃ aladdhā na paritassati, laddhāpi bhojanaṃ agadhito amucchito anajjhosanno paribhuñjati, evameva kho, mahārāja, yoginā yogāvacarena bhojanaṃ aladdhā na paritassitabbaṃ, laddhāpi bhojanaṃ agadhitena amucchitena anajjhosannena ādīnavadassāvinā nissaraṇapaññena paribhuñjitabbaṃ. Idaṃ, mahārāja, sīhassa sattamaṃ aṅgaṃ gahetabbaṃ. Bhāsitampetaṃ, mahārāja, bhagavatā devātidevena saṃyuttanikāyavare theraṃ mahākassapaṃ parikittayamānena –
「再者,大王,狮子未得食物不焦虑,即使得到食物也不贪著、不迷醉、不耽溺地受用,同样地,大王,瑜伽者、修瑜伽者未得食物不应焦虑,即使得到食物也应不贪著、不迷醉、不耽溺地、见过患地、以出离之慧而受用。大王,这是应取狮子的第七支。大王,这也是世尊、天中之天在相应尼柯耶中称赞长老大咖沙巴时所说——
‘Santuṭṭhoyaṃ, bhikkhave, kassapo itarītarena piṇḍapātena, itarītarapiṇḍapātasantuṭṭhiyā ca vaṇṇavādī, na ca piṇḍapātahetu anesanaṃ appatirūpaṃ āpajjati, aladdhā ca piṇḍapātaṃ na paritassati, laddhā ca piṇḍapātaṃ agadhito amucchito anajjhosanno ādīnavadassāvī nissaraṇapañño paribhuñjatī’’’ti.
「诸比库,咖沙巴对随得的钵食知足,对随得钵食知足也赞叹,不为了钵食而陷入不当的寻求,未得钵食不焦虑,得到钵食后不贪著、不迷醉、不耽溺地、见过患地、以出离之慧而受用。」
Sīhaṅgapañho paṭhamo. · 狮界问第一
2. Cakkavākaṅgapañho2. 鸳鸯界问
§2
‘‘Bhante nāgasena, ‘cakkavākassa tīṇi aṅgāni gahetabbānī’ti yaṃ vadesi, katamāni tāni tīṇi aṅgāni gahetabbānīti’’? ‘‘Yathā, mahārāja, cakkavāko yāva jīvitapariyādānā dutiyikaṃ na vijahati, evameva kho, mahārāja, yoginā yogāvacarena yāva jīvitapariyādānā yoniso manasikāro na vijahitabbo. Idaṃ, mahārāja, cakkavākassa paṭhamaṃ aṅgaṃ gahetabbaṃ.
「尊者那先,你说『应取鸳鸯的三支』,那应取的三支是哪些呢?」「大王,如鸳鸯直到命终也不舍弃配偶,同样地,大王,瑜伽者、修瑜伽者直到命终也不应舍弃如理作意。大王,这是应取鸳鸯的第一支。
‘‘Puna caparaṃ, mahārāja, cakkavāko sevālapaṇakabhakkho, tena ca santuṭṭhiṃ āpajjati, tāya ca santuṭṭhiyā balena ca vaṇṇena ca na parihāyati, evameva kho, mahārāja, yoginā yogāvacarena yathālābhasantoso karaṇīyo, yathālābhasantuṭṭho kho, mahārāja, yogī yogāvacaro na parihāyati sīlena, na parihāyati samādhinā, na parihāyati paññāya, na parihāyati vimuttiyā, na parihāyati vimuttiñāṇadassanena, na parihāyati sabbehi kusalehi dhammehi. Idaṃ, mahārāja, cakkavākassa dutiyaṃ aṅgaṃ gahetabbaṃ.
「再者,大王,鸳鸯食藻类水草,以此而得知足,以那知足之力不失色力,同样地,大王,瑜伽者、修瑜伽者应作随得知足,大王,随得知足的瑜伽者、修瑜伽者不失戒,不失定,不失慧,不失解脱,不失解脱智见,不失一切善法。大王,这是应取鸳鸯的第二支。
‘‘Puna caparaṃ, mahārāja, cakkavāko pāṇe na viheṭhayati, evameva kho, mahārāja, yoginā yogāvacarena nihitadaṇḍena nihitasatthena lajjinā dayāpannena sabbapāṇabhūtahitānukampinā bhavitabbaṃ. Idaṃ, mahārāja, cakkavākassa tatiyaṃ aṅgaṃ gahetabbaṃ. Bhāsatampetaṃ, mahārāja, bhagavatā devātidevena cakkavākajātake –
「再者,大王,鸳鸯不恼害众生,同样地,大王,瑜伽者、修瑜伽者应是已放下棍棒者、已放下刀剑者、有惭者、有悲悯者、对一切有情众生怀有利益与悲悯者。大王,这是应取鸳鸯的第三支。大王,这也是世尊、天中之天在鸳鸯本生中所说——
‘‘‘Yo na hanti na ghāteti, na jināti na jāpaye;
「他不杀害、不令杀害,不战胜、不令战胜;
Mettaṃso sabbabhūtesu, veraṃ tassa na kenacī’’’ti.
对一切众生有慈爱,他对任何人都无怨恨。」
Cakkavākaṅgapañho dutiyo. · 鸳鸯界问第二
3. Peṇāhikaṅgapañho3. 猫头鹰界问
§3
‘‘Bhante nāgasena, ‘peṇāhikāya dve aṅgāni gahetabbānī’ti yaṃ vadesi, katamāni tāni dve aṅgāni gahetabbānī’’ti? ‘‘Yathā, mahārāja, peṇāhikā sakapatimhi usūyāya chāpake na posayati, evameva kho, mahārāja, yoginā yogāvacarena sakamane kilese uppanne usūyāyitabbaṃ, satipaṭṭhānena sammāsaṃvarasusire pakkhipitvā manodvāre kāyagatāsati bhāvetabbā. Idaṃ, mahārāja, peṇāhikāya paṭhamaṃ aṅgaṃ gahetabbaṃ.
「尊者那先,你说『应取母鹌鹑的两个部分』,应取哪两个部分?」「大王,譬如母鹌鹑对自己的配偶起嫉妒,不养育雏鸟;同样地,大王,瑜伽行者、修习瑜伽者应对自己心中生起的烦恼起嫉妒,以须跋投入正确防护的孔穴,应在意门修习身至念。大王,这是应取母鹌鹑的第一个部分。
‘‘Puna caparaṃ, mahārāja, peṇāhikā pavane divasaṃ gocaraṃ caritvā sāyaṃ pakkhigaṇaṃ upeti attano guttiyā, evameva kho, mahārāja, yoginā yogāvacarena ekakena pavivekaṃ sevitabbaṃ saṃyojanaparimuttiyā, tatra ratiṃ alabhamānena upavādabhayaparirakkhaṇāya saṅghaṃ osaritvā saṅgharakkhitena vasitabbaṃ. Idaṃ, mahārāja, peṇāhikāya dutiyaṃ aṅgaṃ gahetabbaṃ. Bhāsitampetaṃ, mahārāja, brahmunā sahampatinā bhagavato santike –
「再者,大王,母鹌鹑在森林中日间行食,傍晚回到鸟群以保护自己;同样地,大王,瑜伽行者、修习瑜伽者应独自亲近远离以解脱结缚,在那里若未获得喜乐,为了防护诽谤的危险,应进入僧团,受僧团保护而住。大王,这是应取母鹌鹑的第二个部分。大王,梵天娑婆主在世尊面前也说过此事——
‘‘‘Sevetha pantāni senāsanāni, careyya saṃyojanavippamokkhā;
「应亲近寂静的住所,应行于结缚的解脱;
Sace ratiṃ nādhigaccheyya tattha, saṅghe vase rakkhitatto satīmā’’’ti.
若在那里未获得喜乐,应自护、具念而住于僧团中。」
Peṇāhikaṅgapañho tatiyo. · 猫头鹰界问第三
4. Gharakapotaṅgapañho4. 家鸽界问
§4
‘‘Bhante nāgasena, ‘gharakapotassa ekaṃ aṅgaṃ gahetabba’nti yaṃ vadesi, katamaṃ taṃ ekaṃ aṅgaṃ gahetabba’’nti? ‘‘Yathā, mahārāja, gharakapoto paragehe vasamāno na tesaṃ kiñci bhaṇḍassa nimittaṃ gaṇhāti, majjhatto vasati saññābahulo, evameva kho, mahārāja, yoginā yogāvacarena parakulaṃ upagatena tasmiṃ kule itthīnaṃ vā purisānaṃ vā mañce vā pīṭhe vā vatthe vā alaṅkāre vā upabhoge vā paribhoge vā bhojanavikatīsu vā na nimittaṃ gahetabbaṃ, majjhattena bhavitabbaṃ, samaṇasaññā paccupaṭṭhapetabbā. Idaṃ, mahārāja, gharakapotassa ekaṃ aṅgaṃ gahetabbaṃ. Bhāsitampetaṃ, mahārāja, bhagavatā devātidevena cūḷanāradajātake –
「尊者那先,你说『应取家鸽的一个部分』,应取哪一个部分?」「大王,譬如家鸽住在他人家中,不取他们任何物品的相,中立而住,具足想念;同样地,大王,瑜伽行者、修习瑜伽者去到他人家族,在那家族中,对于女人或男人、床或椅、衣服或装饰品、用具或资具、食物种类,不应取相,应保持中立,应现起沙门想。大王,这是应取家鸽的一个部分。大王,世尊、天中之天在小那拉达本生中也说过此事——
‘‘‘Pavisitvā parakulaṃ, pānatthaṃ bhojanāya vā ;
「进入他人家族,为了饮或为了食;
Mitaṃ khāde mitaṃ bhuñje, na ca rūpe manaṃ kare’’’ti.
应适量而食、适量而用,不应于色上作意。
Gharakapotaṅgapañho catuttho. · 家鸽界问第四
5. Ulūkaṅgapañho5. 猫头鹰问
§5
‘‘Bhante nāgasena, ‘ulūkassa dve aṅgāni gahetabbānī’ti yaṃ vadesi, katamāni tāni dve aṅgāni gahetabbānī’’ti? ‘‘Yathā, mahārāja, ulūko kākehi paṭiviruddho, rattiṃ kākasaṅghaṃ gantvā bahūpi kāke hanati, evameva kho, mahārāja, yoginā yogāvacarena aññāṇena paṭiviruddho kātabbo, ekena raho nisīditvā aññāṇaṃ sampamadditabbaṃ, mūlato chinditabbaṃ. Idaṃ, mahārāja, ulūkassa paṭhamaṃ gahetabbaṃ.
「尊者那先,你所说的『应取猫头鹰的两种特质』,应取哪两种特质呢?」「大王,譬如猫头鹰与乌鸦敌对,夜间前往乌鸦群中杀害许多乌鸦;同样地,大王,瑜伽行者应与无明敌对,独自隐居而坐,应彻底摧毁无明,应从根断除。大王,这是应取猫头鹰的第一种特质。
‘‘Puna caparaṃ, mahārāja, ulūko suppaṭisallīno hoti, evameva kho, mahārāja, yoginā yogāvacarena paṭisallānārāmena bhavitabbaṃ paṭisallānaratena. Idaṃ, mahārāja, ulūkassa dutiyaṃ aṅgaṃ gahetabbaṃ. Bhāsitampetaṃ, mahārāja, bhagavatā devātidevena saṃyuttanikāyavare –
「再者,大王,猫头鹰善于隐居;同样地,大王,瑜伽行者应乐于独处、喜于独处。大王,这是应取猫头鹰的第二种特质。大王,这也是世尊、天中之天在《相应尼柯耶》中所说——
‘‘‘Idha, bhikkhave, bhikkhu paṭisallānārāmo paṭisallānarato ‘‘idaṃ dukkha’’nti yathābhūtaṃ pajānāti, ‘‘ayaṃ dukkhasamudayo’’ti yathā bhūthaṃ pajānāti , ‘‘ayaṃ dukkhanirodho’’ti yathābhūtaṃ pajānāti, ‘‘ayaṃ dukkhanirodhagāminī paṭipadā’’ti yathābhūtaṃ pajānātī’’’ti.
『诸比库,于此,比库乐于独处、喜于独处,如实了知「这是苦」,如实了知「这是苦集」,如实了知「这是苦灭」,如实了知「这是导向苦灭之道」。』
Ulūkaṅgapañho pañcamo. · 猫头鹰问第五
6. Satapattaṅgapañho6. 百叶问
§6
‘‘Bhante nāgasena, ‘satapattassa ekaṃ aṅgaṃ gahetabba’nti yaṃ vadesi, katamaṃ taṃ ekaṃ aṅgaṃ gahetabba’’nti? ‘‘Yathā, mahārāja, satapatto ravitvā paresaṃ khemaṃ vā bhayaṃ vā ācikkhati, evameva kho, mahārāja, yoginā yogāvacarena paresaṃ dhammaṃ desayamānena vinipātaṃ bhayato dassayitabbaṃ, nibbānaṃ khemato dassayitabbaṃ. Idaṃ, mahārāja, satapattassa ekaṃ aṅgaṃ gahetabbaṃ. Bhāsitampetaṃ, mahārāja, therena piṇḍolabhāradvājena –
「尊者那先,你所说的『应取孔雀的一种特质』,应取哪一种特质呢?」「大王,譬如孔雀鸣叫后向他人告知安全或危险;同样地,大王,瑜伽行者在为他人说法时,应将恶趣示为危险,应将涅槃示为安全。大王,这是应取孔雀的一种特质。大王,这也是宾度罗跋罗堕阇长老所说——
‘‘‘Niraye bhayasantāsaṃ, nibbāne vipulaṃ sukhaṃ;
『地狱中有恐怖畏惧,涅槃中有广大之乐;
Ubhayānetānatthāni dassetabbāni yoginā’’’ti.
瑜伽行者应示此两者之义。』
Satapattaṅgapañho chaṭṭho. · 百叶问第六
7. Vagguliṅgapañho7. 蝙蝠问
§7
‘‘Bhante nāgasena, ‘vaggulissa dve aṅgāni gahetabbānī’ti yaṃ vadesi, katamāni tāni dve aṅgāni gahetabbānī’’ti? ‘‘Yathā, mahārāja, vagguli gehaṃ pavisitvā vicaritvā nikkhamati, na tattha palibuddhati, evameva kho, mahārāja, yoginā yogāvacarena gāmaṃ piṇḍāya pavisitvā sapadānaṃ vicaritvā paṭiladdhalābhena khippameva nikkhamitabbaṃ, na tattha palibuddhena bhavitabbaṃ. Idaṃ, mahārāja, vaggulissa paṭhamaṃ aṅgaṃ gahetabbaṃ.
「尊者那先,你所说的『应取蝙蝠的两种特质』,应取哪两种特质呢?」「大王,譬如蝙蝠进入房屋后游走而出,不执着于彼处;同样地,大王,瑜伽行者为乞食而进入村落后,应正念地游走,得到所得之后应迅速离开,不应执着于彼处。大王,这是应取蝙蝠的第一种特质。
‘‘Puna caparaṃ, mahārāja, vagguli paragehe vasamāno na tesaṃ parihāniṃ karoti, evameva kho, mahārāja, yoginā yogāvacarena kulāni upasaṅkamitvā atiyācanāya vā viññattibahulatāya vā kāyadosabahulatāya vā atibhāṇitāya vā samānasukhadukkhatāya vā na tesaṃ koci vippaṭisāro karaṇīyo, napi tesaṃ mūlakammaṃ parihāpetabbaṃ, sabbathā vaḍḍhi yeva icchitabbā. Idaṃ, mahārāja, vaggulissa dutiyaṃ aṅgaṃ gahetabbaṃ. Bhāsitampetaṃ, mahārāja, bhagavatā devātidevena dīghanikāyavare lakkhaṇasuttante –
「再者,大王,蝙蝠住在他人家中,不对他们造成损失。同样地,大王,瑜伽者、修行者前往诸家族后,不应以过度乞求、或过多请求、或身体过失、或过多言说、或同乐同苦而使他们有任何后悔,也不应使他们的根本业衰损,应完全只希望增长。大王,这是应取蝙蝠的第二支。大王,这也是世尊、天中之天在《长尼柯耶》的《三十二相经》中所说——」
‘‘‘Suddhāya sīlena sutena buddhiyā, cāgena dhammena bahūhi sādhuhi;
「『以清净的戒、多闻、智慧、布施、法与众多善人;」
Dhanena dhaññena ca khettavatthunā, puttehi dārehi catuppadehi ca.
「『以财富、谷物、田地、住处,以儿子、妻子、四足兽;」
‘‘‘Ñātīhi mittehi ca bandhavehi, balena vaṇṇena sukhena cūbhayaṃ;
「『以亲戚、朋友、眷属,以力量、容色、安乐,两者皆;」
Kathaṃ na hāyeyyuṃ pareti icchati, atthasamiddhiñca panābhikaṅkhatī’’’ti.
「『如何不衰损?他希望超越,也期望利益的成就。』」
Vagguliṅgapañho sattamo. · 蝙蝠问第七
8. Jalūkaṅgapañho8. 水蛭问
§8
‘‘Bhante nāgasena, ‘jalūkāya ekaṃ aṅgaṃ gahetabba’nti yaṃ vadesi, katamaṃ taṃ ekaṃ aṅgaṃ gahetabba’’nti? ‘‘Yathā, mahārāja, jalūkā yattha allīyati, tattheva daḷhaṃ allīyitvā ruhiraṃ pivati, evameva kho, mahārāja, yoginā yogāvacarena yasmiṃ ārammaṇe cittaṃ allīyati, taṃ ārammaṇaṃ vaṇṇato ca saṇṭhānato ca disato ca okāsato ca paricchedato ca liṅgato ca nimittato ca daḷhaṃ patiṭṭhāpetvā tenevārammaṇena vimuttirasamasecanakaṃ pātabbaṃ. Idaṃ, mahārāja, jalūkāya ekaṃ aṅgaṃ gahetabbaṃ. Bhāsitampetaṃ, mahārāja, therena anuruddhena –
「尊者那先,你所说的『应取水蛭的一支』,应取哪一支呢?」「大王,譬如水蛭在它所依附之处,就在那里牢固地依附而吸血。同样地,大王,瑜伽者、修行者在心所依附的所缘上,应从颜色、形状、方向、处所、界限、特征、相牢固地确立那所缘,以那所缘应饮解脱味的甘露。大王,这是应取水蛭的一支。大王,这也是长老阿奴卢塔所说——」
‘‘‘Parisuddhena cittena, ārammaṇe patiṭṭhāya;
「『以清净的心,确立于所缘;」
Tena cittena pātabbaṃ, vimuttirasamasecana’’’nti.
「『以那心应饮,解脱味的甘露。』」
Jalūkaṅgapañho aṭṭhamo. · 水蛭问第八
9. Sappaṅgapañho9. 蛇问
§9
‘‘Bhante nāgasena, ‘sappassa tīṇi aṅgāni gahetabbānī’ti yaṃ vadesi, katamāni tāni tīṇi aṅgāni gahetabbānī’’ti? ‘‘Yathā, mahārāja, sappo urena gacchati, evameva kho, mahārāja, yoginā yogāvacarena paññāya caritabbaṃ, paññāya caramānassa kho, mahārāja, yogino cittaṃ ñāye carati, vilakkhaṇaṃ vivajjeti, salakkhaṇaṃ bhāveti. Idaṃ, mahārāja , sappassa paṭhamaṃ aṅgaṃ gahetabbaṃ.
「尊者那先,你所说的『应取蛇的三个部分』,那应取的三个部分是什么?」「大王,犹如蛇以胸行走,同样地,大王,瑜伽行者应以慧行,大王,以慧行的瑜伽行者,心行于正道,避离无相,修习有相。大王,这是应取蛇的第一个部分。」
‘‘Puna caparaṃ, mahārāja, sappo caramāno osadhaṃ parivajjento carati, evameva kho, mahārāja, yoginā yogāvacarena duccaritaṃ parivajjentena caritabbaṃ. Idaṃ, mahārāja, sappassa dutiyaṃ aṅgaṃ gahetabbaṃ.
「再者,大王,蛇行走时避开药草而行,同样地,大王,瑜伽行者应避离恶行而行。大王,这是应取蛇的第二个部分。」
‘‘Puna caparaṃ, mahārāja, sappo manusse disvā tappati socati cintayati, evameva kho mahārāja yoginā yogāvacarena kuvitakke, vitakketvā aratiṃ uppādayitvā tappitabbaṃ socitabbaṃ cintayitabbaṃ ‘pamādena me divaso vītināmito, na so puna sakkā laddhu’nti. Idaṃ, mahārāja, sappassa tatiyaṃ aṅgaṃ gahetabbaṃ. Bhāsitampetaṃ, mahārāja, bhagavatā bhallāṭiyajātake dvinnaṃ kinnarānaṃ –
「再者,大王,蛇见到人后感到热恼、悲伤、思虑,同样地,大王,瑜伽行者对于恶寻,寻思后生起厌离,应热恼、悲伤、思虑『我以放逸度过了一天,那一天须跋再得到』。大王,这是应取蛇的第三个部分。大王,这也是世尊在跋罗提耶本生中对两位紧那罗所说——」
‘‘‘Mayekarattaṃ vippavasimha ludda, akāmakā aññamaññaṃ sarantā;
「『我们分离一夜,猎人啊,不情愿地互相思念;」
Tamekarattaṃ anutappamānā, socāma ‘sā ratti puna nahessatī’’’ti.
「为那一夜而热恼,我们悲伤「那一夜不会再有」。』」
Sappaṅgapañho navamo. · 蛇问第九
10. Ajagaraṅgapañho10. 蟒蛇问
§10
‘‘Bhante nāgasena, ‘ajagarassa ekaṃ aṅgaṃ gahetabba’nti yaṃ vadesi, katamaṃ taṃ ekaṃ aṅgaṃ gahetabba’’nti? ‘‘Yathā, mahārāja, ajagaro mahatimahākāyo bahūpi divase ūnūdaro dīnataro kucchipūraṃ āhāraṃ na labhati, aparipuṇṇo yeva yāvadeva sarīrayāpanamattakena yāpeti, evameva kho, mahārāja, yogino yogāvacarassa bhikkhācariyappasutassa parapiṇḍamupagatassa paradinnappāṭikaṅkhissa sayaṃgāhappaṭiviratassa dullabhaṃ udaraparipūraṃ āhāraṃ, api ca atthavasikena kulaputtena cattāro pañca ālope abhuñjitvā avasesaṃ udakena paripūretabbaṃ. Idaṃ, mahārāja, ajagarassa ekaṃ aṅgaṃ gahetabbaṃ. Bhāsitampetaṃ, mahārāja, therena sāriputtena dhammasenāpatinā –
「尊者那先,你所说的『应取蟒蛇的一个部分』,那应取的一个部分是什么?」「大王,犹如蟒蛇身体巨大,即使多日空腹虚弱,得不到充满腹部的食物,未满足地仅以维持身体的程度而活,同样地,大王,瑜伽行者行乞食、依他人团食、期待他人所施、自己离取,难得充满腹部的食物,但是有义利的善男子应吃四五口后,以水充满其余。大王,这是应取蟒蛇的一个部分。大王,这也是长老沙利子法将军所说——」
‘‘‘Allaṃ sukkhaṃ vā bhuñjanto, na bāḷhaṃ suhito siyā;
「『无论吃湿的或干的,不应过于满足;」
Ūnūdaro mitāhāro, sato bhikkhu paribbaje.
「空腹、节食,具念的比库应游行。」
‘‘‘Cattāro pañca ālope, abhutvā udakaṃ pive;
「四或五处断,不生而饮水;足以安乐住,精勤比库故。」
Alaṃ phāsu vihārāya, pahitattassa bhikkhuno’’’ti.
足以安乐住,精勤比库故。」
Ajagaraṅgapañho dasamo. · 蟒蛇问第十
Sīhavaggo pañcamo. · 狮子品第五
Tassuddānaṃ –
其摄颂──
Kesarī cakkavāko ca, peṇāhi gharakapotako;
狮子与轮鹅,鹦鹉与家鸽;
Ulūko satapatto ca, vagguli ca jalūpikā;
猫头鹰孔雀,蝙蝠与水蛭;
Sappo ajagaro ceva, vaggo tena pavuccatīti.
蛇与蟒蛇者,此品如是说。
6. Makkaṭakavaggo
6. 猴品
1. Panthamakkaṭakaṅgapañho1. 路边猴问
§1
‘‘Bhante nāgasena, ‘panthamakkaṭakassa ekaṃ aṅgaṃ gahetabba’nti yaṃ vadesi, katamaṃ taṃ ekaṃ aṅgaṃ gahetabba’’nti? ‘‘Yathā, mahārāja, panthamakkaṭako panthe makkaṭajālavitānaṃ katvā yadi tattha jālake laggati kimi vā makkhikā vā paṭaṅgo vā, taṃ gahetvā bhakkhayati, evameva kho, mahārāja, yoginā yogāvacarena chasu dvāresu satipaṭṭhānajālavitānaṃ katvā yadi tattha kilesamakkhikā bajjhanti, tattheva ghātetabbā. Idaṃ, mahārāja, panthamakkaṭakassa ekaṃ aṅgaṃ gahetabbaṃ. Bhāsitampetaṃ, mahārāja, therena anuruddhena –
「尊者那先,你说『应取路猴之一支』,应取哪一支呢?」「大王,譬如路猴在路上张开猴网罗,若有虫或苍蝇或飞虫粘在那网上,它捉取后吞食。同样地,大王,瑜伽行者应在六门张开须跋网罗,若烦恼苍蝇被缚于其中,应就在那里杀灭它们。大王,这是应取路猴之一支。大王,长老阿奴卢塔也说过此──」
‘‘‘Cittaṃ niyame chasu dvāresu, satipaṭṭhānavaruttame;
「心应调御于六门,于最胜的须跋;
Kilesā tattha laggā ce, hantabbā te vipassinā’’’ti.
若烦恼在那里执着,应以观慧断除它们。」
Panthamakkaṭakaṅgapañho paṭhamo. · 路边猴问第一
2. Thanassitadārakaṅgapañho2. 依乳孩童问
§2
‘‘Bhante nāgasena, ‘thanassitadārakassa ekaṃ aṅgaṃ gahetabba’nti yaṃ vadesi, katamaṃ taṃ ekaṃ aṅgaṃ gahetabba’’nti ? ‘‘Yathā, mahārāja, thanassitadārako sadatthe laggati, khīratthiko rodati, evameva kho, mahārāja, yoginā yogāvacarena sadatthe laggitabbaṃ, sabbattha dhammañāṇena bhavitabbaṃ, uddese paripucchāya sammappayoge paviveke garusaṃvāse kalyāṇamittasevane. Idaṃ, mahārāja, thanassitadārakassa ekaṃ aṅgaṃ gahetabbaṃ. Bhāsitampetaṃ, mahārāja, bhagavatā devātidevena dīghanikāyavare parinibbānasuttante –
「尊者那先,你所说的『应取吸乳孩童的一支』,应取哪一支呢?」「大王,譬如吸乳孩童为了自己的利益而执着,为了乳而哭泣,同样地,大王,瑜伽者、修行者应为了自己的利益而执着,应以法智遍于一切处,于教授、于询问、于正确的努力、于独处、于亲近善知识、于奉事善友。大王,这是应取吸乳孩童的一支。大王,这也是世尊、天中之天在长部尼柯耶最胜的般涅槃经中所说——
‘‘‘Iṅghaṃ tumhe, ānanda, sāratthe ghaṭatha, sāratthe anuyuñjatha;
「来吧,阿难,你们应努力于核心义,应从事于核心义;
Sāratthe appamattā ātāpino pahitattā viharathā’’’ti.
应不放逸、热诚、专注于核心义而住。」
Thanassitadārakaṅgapañho dutiyo. · 依乳孩童问第二
3. Cittakadharakummaṅgapañho3. 画持龟问
§3
‘‘Bhante nāgasena, ‘cittakadharakummassa ekaṃ aṅgaṃ gahetabba’nti yaṃ vadesi, katamaṃ taṃ ekaṃ aṅgaṃ gahetabba’’nti? ‘‘Yathā, mahārāja, cittakadharakummo udakabhayā udakaṃ parivajjetvā vicarati, tāya ca pana udakaṃ parivajjanāya āyunā na parihāyati, evameva kho, mahārāja, yoginā yogāvacarena pamāde bhayadassāvinā bhavitabbaṃ, appamāde guṇavisesadassāvinā. Tāya ca pana bhayadassāvitāya na parihāyati sāmaññā, nibbānassa santike upeti . Idaṃ, mahārāja, cittakadharakummassa ekaṃ aṅgaṃ gahetabbaṃ. Bhāsitampetaṃ, mahārāja, bhagavatā devātidevena dhammapade –
「尊者那先,你所说的『应取画龟的一支』,应取哪一支呢?」「大王,譬如画龟因怖畏水而避开水而行,但以那避开水,寿命并不减损,同样地,大王,瑜伽者、修行者应见放逸中的怖畏,应见不放逸中的功德殊胜。以那见怖畏,沙门法并不减损,他到达涅槃的近处。大王,这是应取画龟的一支。大王,这也是世尊、天中之天在法句中所说——
‘‘‘Appamādarato bhikkhu, pamāde bhayadassi vā;
「乐于不放逸的比库,或见放逸中的怖畏者;
Abhabbo parihānāya, nibbānasseva santike’’’ti.
须跋退失,正在涅槃的近处。」
Cittakadharakummaṅgapañho catuttho. · 画持龟问第四
4. Pavanaṅgapañho4. 风问
§4
‘‘Bhante nāgasena, ‘pavanassa pañca aṅgāni gahetabbānī’ti yaṃ vadesi, katamāni tāni pañca aṅgāni gahetabbānī’’ti? ‘‘Yathā, mahārāja, pavanaṃ nāma asucijanaṃ paṭicchādeti, evameva kho, mahārāja, yoginā yogāvacarena paresaṃ aparaddhaṃ khalitaṃ paṭicchādetabbaṃ na vivaritabbaṃ. Idaṃ, mahārāja, pavanassa paṭhamaṃ aṅgaṃ gahetabbaṃ.
「尊者那先,你说『应取风的五种特质』,应取哪五种特质?」「大王,譬如风能遮蔽须跋之人,同样地,大王,瑜伽行者应遮蔽他人的过失与错误,不应揭露。大王,这是应取风的第一种特质。
‘‘Puna caparaṃ, mahārāja, pavanaṃ suññaṃ pacurajanehi, evameva kho, mahārāja, yoginā yogāvacarena rāgadosamohamānadiṭṭhijālehi sabbehi ca kilesehi suññena bhavitabbaṃ. Idaṃ, mahārāja, pavanassa dutiyaṃ aṅgaṃ gahetabbaṃ.
「再者,大王,风空无众人,同样地,大王,瑜伽行者应空无贪嗔痴慢见网及一切烦恼。大王,这是应取风的第二种特质。
‘‘Puna caparaṃ, mahārāja, pavanaṃ vivittaṃ janasambādharahitaṃ, evameva kho, mahārāja, yoginā yogāvacarena pāpakehi akusalehi dhammehi anariyehi pavivittena bhavitabbaṃ. Idaṃ, mahārāja, pavanassa tatiyaṃ aṅgaṃ gahetabbaṃ.
「再者,大王,风远离、无人群拥挤,同样地,大王,瑜伽行者应远离诸恶不善法、非圣法。大王,这是应取风的第三种特质。
‘‘Puna caparaṃ, mahārāja, pavanaṃ santaṃ parisuddhaṃ, evameva kho, mahārāja, yoginā yogāvacarena santena parisuddhena bhavitabbaṃ, nibbutena pahīnamānena pahīnamakkhena bhavitabbaṃ. Idaṃ, mahārāja, pavanassa catutthaṃ aṅgaṃ gahetabbaṃ.
「再者,大王,风寂静、清净,同样地,大王,瑜伽行者应寂静、清净,应涅槃、已断慢、已断覆。大王,这是应取风的第四种特质。
‘‘Puna caparaṃ, mahārāja, pavanaṃ ariyajanasaṃsevitaṃ, evameva kho, mahārāja, yoginā yogāvacarena ariyajanasaṃsevitena bhavitabbaṃ. Idaṃ, mahārāja, pavanassa pañcamaṃ aṅgaṃ gahetabbaṃ. Bhāsitampetaṃ, mahārāja, bhagavatā devātidevena saṃyuttanikāyavare –
「再者,大王,风为圣者所亲近,同样地,大王,瑜伽行者应亲近圣者。大王,这是应取风的第五种特质。大王,这也是世尊、天中之天在《相应尼柯耶》中所说——
‘‘‘Pavivittehi ariyehi, pahitattehi jhāyibhi;
「『与远离的圣者们,精勤努力的禅修者们,
Niccaṃ āraddhavīriyehi, paṇḍitehi sahāvase’’’ti.
常常发起精进者们,诸智者们共住。』
Pavanaṅgapañho catuttho. · 风问第四
5. Rukkhaṅgapañho5. 树问
§5
‘‘Bhante nāgasena, ‘rukkhassa tīṇi aṅgāni gahetabbānī’ti yaṃ vadesi, katamāni tāni tīṇi aṅgāni gahetabbānī’’ti? ‘‘Yathā, mahārāja, rukkho nāma pupphaphaladharo, evameva kho, mahārāja, yoginā yogāvacarena vimuttipupphasāmaññaphaladhārinā bhavitabbaṃ. Idaṃ, mahārāja, rukkhassa paṭhamaṃ aṅgaṃ gahetabbaṃ.
「尊者那先,你说『应取树的三种特质』,应取哪三种特质?」「大王,譬如树持花果,同样地,大王,瑜伽行者应持解脱之花与沙门果。大王,这是应取树的第一种特质。
‘‘Puna caparaṃ, mahārāja, rukkho upagatānamanuppaviṭṭhānaṃ janānaṃ chāyaṃ deti, evameva kho , mahārāja, yoginā yogāvacarena upagatānamanuppaviṭṭhānaṃ puggalānaṃ āmisappaṭisandhārena vā dhammappaṭisanthārena vā paṭisantharitabbaṃ. Idaṃ, mahārāja, rukkhassa dutiyaṃ aṅgaṃ gahetabbaṃ.
「再者,大王,树对前来坐于其下的人们给予荫凉,同样地,大王,瑜伽者、修习瑜伽者应当以物质的款待或法的款待来款待前来坐于其处的人们。大王,这是应取树的第二支分。」
‘‘Puna caparaṃ, mahārāja, rukkho chāyāvemattaṃ na karoti, evameva kho, mahārāja, yoginā yogāvacarena sabbasattesu vemattatā na kātabbā, coravadhakapaccatthikesupi attanipi samasamā mettābhāvanā kātabbā, ‘kinti ime sattā averā abyāpajjā anīghā sukhī attānaṃ parihareyyu’nti. Idaṃ, mahārāja, rukkhassa tatiyaṃ aṅgaṃ gahetabbaṃ. Bhāsitampetaṃ, mahārāja, therena sāriputtena dhammasenāpatinā –
「再者,大王,树不作荫凉的差别,同样地,大王,瑜伽者、修习瑜伽者不应对一切有情作差别,即使对盗贼、杀人者、敌人,也应如对自己一样平等地修习慈爱:『愿这些有情无怨、无害、无恼、快乐,护持自己!』大王,这是应取树的第三支分。大王,这也是长老沙利子法将军所说——」
‘‘‘Vadhake devadattamhi, core aṅgulimālake;
「『对杀人者迭瓦达德,对盗贼央掘摩罗,」
Dhanapāle rāhule ca, sabbattha samako munī’’’ti.
对护财者拉胡喇,牟尼于一切处平等。』」
Rukkhaṅgapañho pañcamo. · 树问第五
6. Meghaṅgapañho6. 云问
§6
‘‘Bhante nāgasena, ‘meghassa pañca aṅgāni gahetabbānī’ti yaṃ vadesi, katamāni tāni pañca aṅgāni gahetabbānī’’ti? ‘‘Yathā, mahārāja, megho uppannaṃ rajojallaṃ vūpasameti, evameva kho, mahārāja, yoginā yogāvacarena uppannaṃ kilesarajojallaṃ vūpasametabbaṃ. Idaṃ, mahārāja, meghassa paṭhamaṃ aṅgaṃ gahetabbaṃ.
「尊者那先,你所说『应取云的五支分』,那些应取的五支分是哪些呢?」「大王,如云平息已生起的尘埃,同样地,大王,瑜伽者、修习瑜伽者应平息已生起的烦恼尘埃。大王,这是应取云的第一支分。」
‘‘Puna caparaṃ, mahārāja, megho pathaviyā uṇhaṃ nibbāpeti, evameva kho, mahārāja, yoginā yogāvacarena mettābhāvanāya sadevako loko nibbāpetabbo. Idaṃ, mahārāja, meghassa dutiyaṃ aṅgaṃ gahetabbaṃ.
「再者,大王,云熄灭大地的热,同样地,大王,瑜伽者、修习瑜伽者应以慈爱的修习熄灭包括天人在内的世间。大王,这是应取云的第二支分。」
‘‘Puna caparaṃ, mahārāja, megho sabbabījāni viruhāpeti, evameva kho, mahārāja, yoginā yogāvacarena sabbasattānaṃ saddhaṃ uppādetvā taṃ saddhābījaṃ tīsu sampattīsu ropetabbaṃ, dibbamānusikāsu sukhasampattīsu yāvaparamatthanibbānasukhasampatti. Idaṃ, mahārāja, meghassa tatiyaṃ aṅgaṃ gahetabbaṃ.
「再者,大王,云使一切种子生长,同样地,大王,瑜伽者、修习瑜伽者应使一切有情生起信,将那信种植于三种成就中——天与人的乐成就,乃至最上义涅槃乐成就。大王,这是应取云的第三支分。」
‘‘Puna caparaṃ, mahārāja, megho ututo samuṭṭhahitvā dharaṇitalaruhe tiṇarukkhalatāgumbaosadhivanappatayo parirakkhati, evameva kho, mahārāja, yoginā yogāvacarena yoniso manasikāraṃ nibbattetvā tena yoniso manasikārena samaṇadhammo parirakkhitabbo, yoniso manasikāramūlakā sabbe kusalā dhammā. Idaṃ, mahārāja, meghassa catutthaṃ aṅgaṃ gahetabbaṃ.
「再者,大王,云从季节生起后,保护地面生长的草、树、藤、灌木、药草、森林、树木,同样地,大王,瑜伽者、修习瑜伽者应产生如理作意,以那如理作意保护沙门法,一切善法以如理作意为根本。大王,这是应取云的第四支分。」
‘‘Puna caparaṃ , mahārāja, megho vassamāno naditaḷākapokkharaṇiyo kandarapadarasarasobbhaudapānāni ca paripūreti udakadhārāhi, evameva kho, mahārāja, yoginā yogāvacarena āgamapariyattiyā dhammameghamabhivassayitvā adhigamakāmānaṃ mānasaṃ paripūrayitabbaṃ. Idaṃ, mahārāja, meghassa pañcamaṃ aṅgaṃ gahetabbaṃ. Bhāsitampetaṃ, mahārāja, therena sāriputtena dhammasenāpatinā –
「再者,大王,云降雨时,以水流充满河流、池塘、莲池、山洞、山谷、湖泊、深渊及水井。同样地,大王,瑜伽者、勤修瑜伽者,以传承教理之法云降下后,应充满希求证得者之心。大王,这是应取云的第五支。大王,此亦为长老、法大将沙利子所说——
‘‘‘Bodhaneyyaṃ janaṃ disvā, satasahassepi yojane;
「见应被觉悟之人,即使在百千由旬之处;
Khaṇena upagantvāna, bodheti taṃ mahāmunī’’’ti.
大牟尼于刹那间前往,觉悟彼人。」
Meghaṅgapañho chaṭṭho. · 云问第六
7. Maṇiratanaṅgapañho7. 摩尼宝问
§7
‘‘Bhante nāgasena, ‘maṇiratanassa tīṇi aṅgāni gahetabbānī’ti yaṃ vadesi, katamāni tāni tīṇi aṅgāni gahetabbānī’’ti? ‘‘Yathā, mahārāja, maṇiratanaṃ ekantaparisuddhaṃ, evameva kho, mahārāja, yoginā yogāvacarena ekantaparisuddhājīvena bhavitabbaṃ. Idaṃ, mahārāja, maṇiratanassa paṭhamaṃ aṅgaṃ gahetabbaṃ.
「尊者那先,你所说『应取宝珠的三支』,那应取的三支是什么?」「大王,如宝珠完全清净,同样地,大王,瑜伽者、勤修瑜伽者,应成为完全清净活命者。大王,这是应取宝珠的第一支。
‘‘Puna caparaṃ, mahārāja, maṇiratanaṃ na kenaci saddhiṃ missīyati, evameva kho, mahārāja, yoginā yogāvacarena pāpehi pāpasahāyehi saddhiṃ na missitabbaṃ. Idaṃ, mahārāja, maṇiratanassa dutiyaṃ aṅgaṃ gahetabbaṃ.
再者,大王,宝珠不与任何物混杂。同样地,大王,瑜伽者、勤修瑜伽者,不应与恶人、恶伴侣混杂。大王,这是应取宝珠的第二支。
‘‘Puna caparaṃ, mahārāja, maṇiratanaṃ jātiratanehi yojīyati, evameva kho, mahārāja, yoginā yogāvacarena uttamavarajātimantehi saddhiṃ saṃvasitabbaṃ, paṭipannakaphalaṭṭhasekkhaphalasamaṅgīhi sotāpannasakadāgāmianāgāmiarahantatevijjachaḷabhiññasamaṇamaṇiratanehi saddhiṃ saṃvasitabbaṃ. Idaṃ, mahārāja, maṇiratanassa tatiyaṃ aṅgaṃ gahetabbaṃ. Bhāsitampetaṃ, mahārāja, bhagavatā devātidevena suttanipāte –
再者,大王,宝珠与生来的宝珠相配。同样地,大王,瑜伽者、勤修瑜伽者,应与最上、最胜种姓者共住,应与已行道、住果、有学、具足果之沙门宝珠——须陀洹、斯陀含、阿那含、阿拉汉、三明、六神通者共住。大王,这是应取宝珠的第三支。大王,此亦为世尊、天中之天于《经集》中所说——
‘‘‘Suddhā suddhehi saṃvāsaṃ, kappayavho patissatā;
「清净者与诸清净者共住,应作意正念;
Tato samaggā nipakā, dukkhassantaṃ karissathā’’’ti.
由此和合、谨慎者,将作苦之终结。」
Maṇiratanapañho sattamo. · 摩尼宝问第七
8. Māgavikaṅgapañho8. 猎人问
§8
‘‘Bhante nāgasena, ‘māgavikassa cattāri aṅgāni gahetabbānī’ti yaṃ vadesi, katamāni tāni cattāri aṅgāni gahetabbānī’’ti? ‘‘Yathā, mahārāja, māgaviko appamiddho hoti, evameva kho, mahārāja, yoginā yogāvacarena appamiddhena bhavitabbaṃ. Idaṃ, mahārāja, māgavikassa paṭhamaṃ aṅgaṃ gahetabbaṃ.
「尊者那先,你所说的『应当取猎人的四支』,那些应当取的四支是哪些?」「大王,譬如猎人不放逸,如是,大王,瑜伽者、修行者应当不放逸。大王,这是应当取猎人的第一支。
‘‘Puna caparaṃ, mahārāja, māgaviko migesu yeva cittaṃ upanibandhati, evameva kho, mahārāja, yoginā yogāvacarena ārammaṇesu yeva cittaṃ upanibandhitabbaṃ. Idaṃ, mahārāja, māgavikassa dutiyaṃ aṅgaṃ gahetabbaṃ.
「再者,大王,猎人只将心系于鹿,如是,大王,瑜伽者、修行者应当只将心系于所缘。大王,这是应当取猎人的第二支。
‘‘Puna caparaṃ, mahārāja, māgaviko kālaṃ kammassa jānāti, evameva kho, mahārāja, yoginā yogāvacarena paṭisallānassa kālo jānitabbo ‘ayaṃ kālo paṭisallānassa, ayaṃ kālo nikkhamanāyā’ti. Idaṃ, mahārāja, māgavikassa tatiyaṃ aṅgaṃ gahetabbaṃ.
「再者,大王,猎人知道工作的时间,如是,大王,瑜伽者、修行者应当知道独处的时间『这是独处的时间,这是出来的时间』。大王,这是应当取猎人的第三支。
‘‘Puna caparaṃ, mahārāja, māgaviko migaṃ disvā hāsamabhijaneti ‘imaṃ lacchāmī’ti, evameva kho, mahārāja, yoginā yogāvacarena ārammaṇe abhiramitabbaṃ, hāsamabhijanetabbaṃ ‘uttariṃ visesamadhigacchissāmī’ti. Idaṃ, mahārāja, māgavikassa catutthaṃ aṅgaṃ gahetabbaṃ. Bhāsitampetaṃ mahārāja therena mogharājena –
「再者,大王,猎人见到鹿后生起喜悦『我将得到这个』,如是,大王,瑜伽者、修行者应当喜乐于所缘,应当生起喜悦『我将证得更上的殊胜』。大王,这是应当取猎人的第四支。大王,这也是长老摩伽罗阇所说——
‘‘‘Ārammaṇe labhitvāna, pahitattena bhikkhunā;
「『得到所缘后,精勤的比库;
Bhiyyo hāso janetabbo, adhigacchissāmi uttari’’’nti.
应当生起更多的喜悦,我将证得更上』。」
Māgavikaṅgapañho aṭṭhamo. · 猎人问第八
9. Bāḷisikaṅgapañho9. 渔夫问
§9
‘‘Bhante nāgasena, ‘bāḷisikassa dve aṅgāni gahetabbānī’ti yaṃ vadesi, katamāni tāni dve aṅgāni gahetabbānī’’ti? ‘‘Yathā, mahārāja, bāḷisiko baḷisena macche uddharati, evameva kho, mahārāja, yoginā yogāvacarena ñāṇena uttariṃ sāmaññaphalāni uddharitabbāni. Idaṃ, mahārāja, bāḷisikassa paṭhamaṃ aṅgaṃ gahetabbaṃ.
「尊者那先,你所说的『应当取渔夫的两支』,那些应当取的两支是哪些?」「大王,譬如渔夫以钩提起鱼,如是,大王,瑜伽者、修行者应当以智提起更上的沙门果。大王,这是应当取渔夫的第一支。
‘‘Puna caparaṃ, mahārāja, bāḷisiko parittakaṃ vadhitvā vipulaṃ lābhamadhigacchati, evameva kho, mahārāja, yoginā yogāvacarena parittalokāmisamattaṃ pariccajitabbaṃ. Lokāmisamattaṃ, mahārāja, pariccajitvā yogī yogāvacaro vipulaṃ sāmaññaphalaṃ adhigacchati. Idaṃ, mahārāja, bāḷisikassa dutiyaṃ aṅgaṃ gahetabbaṃ. Bhāsitampetaṃ, mahārāja, therena rāhulena –
「再者,大王,渔夫舍弃少许的饵而获得丰厚的利益,如是,大王,瑜伽者、修行者应当舍弃少许的世间诱饵。大王,瑜伽者、修行者舍弃世间诱饵后,获得丰厚的沙门果。大王,这是应当取渔夫的第二支。大王,这也是长老拉胡喇所说——
‘‘‘Suññatañcānimittañca, vimokkhañcāppaṇihitaṃ;
「空与无相,以及无愿解脱;
Caturo phale chaḷabhiññā, cajitvā lokāmisaṃ labhe’’’ti.
四果六神通,舍离世间诱饵而获得。」
Bāḷisikaṅgapañho navamo. · 渔夫问第九
10. Tacchakaṅgapañho10. 木匠问
§10
‘‘Bhante nāgasena, ‘tacchakassa dve aṅgāni gahetabbānī’ti yaṃ vadesi, katamāni tāni dve aṅgāni gahetabbānī’’ti? ‘‘Yathā, mahārāja, tacchako kāḷasuttaṃ anulometvā rukkhaṃ tacchati, evameva kho, mahārāja, yoginā yogāvacarena jinasāsanamanulomayitvā sīlapathaviyaṃ patiṭṭhahitvā saddhāhatthena paññāvāsiṃ gahetvā kilesā tacchetabbā. Idaṃ, mahārāja, tacchakassa paṭhamaṃ aṅgaṃ gahetabbaṃ.
「尊者那先,你说『应取木匠的两个要素』,应取的那两个要素是什么?」「大王,譬如木匠顺着墨线砍伐树木,同样地,大王,瑜伽者、修习瑜伽者应顺着胜者教法,立足于戒地,以信手执持慧斧,应砍断诸烦恼。大王,这是应取木匠的第一个要素。
‘‘Puna caparaṃ, mahārāja, tacchako phegguṃ apaharitvā sāramādiyati, evameva kho, mahārāja, yoginā yogāvacarena sassataṃ ucchedaṃ taṃ jīvaṃ taṃ sarīraṃ aññaṃ jīvaṃ aññaṃ sarīraṃ taduttamaṃ aññaduttamaṃ akatamabhabbaṃ apurisakāraṃ abrahmacariyavāsaṃ sattavināsaṃ navasattapātubhāvaṃ saṅkhārasassatabhāvaṃ yo karoti, so paṭisaṃvedeti, añño karoti, añño paṭisaṃvedeti, kammaphaladassanā ca kiriyaphaladiṭṭhi ca iti evarūpāni ceva aññāni ca vivādapathāni apanetvā saṅkhārānaṃ sabhāvaṃ paramasuññataṃ nirīhanijjīvataṃ accantaṃ suññataṃ ādiyitabbaṃ. Idaṃ, mahārāja, tacchakassa dutiyaṃ aṅgaṃ gahetabbaṃ. Bhāsitampetaṃ, mahārāja, bhagavatā devātidevena suttanipāte –
「再者,大王,木匠去除边材而取心材,同样地,大王,瑜伽者、修习瑜伽者应去除诸如常见、断见、命即是身、命异身异、此为最上、彼为最上、无作者、无人为、无梵行住、有情断灭、新有情出现、诸行常住、作者受报、异作异受、从业果见生起无作果见等这样的以及其他诸争论之道,应取诸行的自性、最上空性、无欲无命、究竟空性。大王,这是应取木匠的第二个要素。大王,这也是世尊、天中之天在《经集》中所说——
‘‘‘Kāraṇḍavaṃ niddhamatha, kasambuṃ apakassatha;
「『应驱逐垃圾,应除去糟粕;
Tato palāpe vāhetha, assamaṇe samaṇamānine.
然后应驱走那些非沙门而自认为沙门的糠秕。
‘‘‘Niddhamitvāna pāpicche, pāpaācāragocare;
「『驱逐了恶欲者、行于恶行境者之后,
Suddhā suddhehi saṃvāsaṃ, kappayavho patissatā;
诸清净者应与清净者共住,具念地住立。』
Tato samaggā nipakā, dukkhassantaṃ karissathā’’’ti.
然后和合、精勤,你们将作苦的终结。
Tacchakaṅgapañho dasamo. · 木匠问第十
Makkaṭakavaggo chaṭṭho. · 猴品第六
Tassuddānaṃ –
其摄颂——
Makkaṭo dārako kummo, vanaṃ rukkho ca pañcamo;
猕猴、孩童、龟,森林、树为第五;云、宝珠、猎人,钩、木匠。
Megho maṇi māgaviko, bāḷisī tacchakena cāti.
云、宝珠、马嘎维咖、钻子和木匠的斧。
7. Kumbhavaggo
7. 瓶品
1. Kumbhaṅgapañho1. 瓶问
§1
‘‘Bhante nāgasena, ‘kumbhassa ekaṃ aṅgaṃ gahetabba’nti yaṃ vadesi, katamaṃ taṃ ekaṃ aṅgaṃ gahetabba’’nti? ‘‘Yathā, mahārāja, kumbho sampuṇṇo na saṇati, evameva kho, mahārāja, yoginā yogāvacarena āgame adhigame pariyattiyaṃ sāmaññe pāramiṃ patvā na saṇitabbaṃ, na tena māno karaṇīyo, na dabbo dassetabbo, nihatamānena nihatadabbena bhavitabbaṃ, ujukena amukharena avikatthinā. Idaṃ, mahārāja, kumbhassa ekaṃ aṅgaṃ gahetabbaṃ. Bhāsitampetaṃ, mahārāja, bhagavatā devātidevena suttanipāte –
「尊者那伽些那,你所说的『应取瓶的一个部分』,应取哪一个部分?」「大王,犹如满瓶不作声,如是,大王,瑜伽者、勤修瑜伽者,在传承、证得、教理、沙门法上达到圆满后,不应作声,不应以此生慢,不应显示骄傲,应是已降伏慢、已降伏骄傲者,应是正直、不粗鲁、不自夸者。大王,这是应取瓶的一个部分。大王,这也是世尊、天中之天在《经集》中所说——」
‘‘‘Yadūnakaṃ taṃ saṇati, yaṃ pūraṃ santameva taṃ;
「凡不满者则作声,凡满者则寂静;愚者如半瓶,智者如满池。」
Aḍḍhakumbhūpamo bālo, rahado pūrova paṇḍito’’’ti.
「凡不满者则作声,凡满者则寂静;愚者如半瓶,智者如满池。」
Kumbhaṅgapañho paṭhamo. · 瓶问第一
2. Kāḷāyasaṅgapañho2. 黑铁问
§2
‘‘Bhante nāgasena, ‘kāḷāyasassa dve aṅgāni gahetabbānī’ti yaṃ vadesi, katamāni tāni dve aṅgāni gahetabbānī’’ti ? ‘‘Yathā, mahārāja, kāḷāyaso supīto vamati , evameva kho, mahārāja, yogino yogāvacarassa mānasaṃ yoniso manasikārena apītaṃ vamati. Idaṃ, mahārāja, kāḷāyasassa paṭhamaṃ aṅgaṃ gahetabbaṃ.
「尊者那先,你说『应取黑铁的两个特质』,应取的那两个特质是什么?」「大王,譬如黑铁被充分饮用后会呕吐,同样地,大王,瑜伽行者的慢心通过如理作意而未被饮用就呕吐。大王,这是应取黑铁的第一个特质。
‘‘Puna caparaṃ, mahārāja, kāḷāyaso sakiṃ pītaṃ udakaṃ na vamati, evameva kho, mahārāja , yoginā yogāvacarena yo sakiṃ uppanno pasādo, na puna so vamitabbo ‘uḷāro so bhagavā sammāsambuddho, svākkhāto dhammo, suppaṭipanno saṅgho’ti. ‘Rūpaṃ aniccaṃ, vedanā aniccā, saññā aniccā, saṅkhārā aniccā, viññāṇaṃ aniccanti yaṃ sakiṃ uppannaṃ ñāṇaṃ, na puna taṃ vamitabbaṃ. Idaṃ , mahārāja, kāḷāyasassa dutiyaṃ aṅgaṃ gahetabbaṃ. Bhāsitampetaṃ, mahārāja, bhagavatā devātidevena –
「再者,大王,黑铁一旦饮用了水就不会呕吐,同样地,大王,瑜伽行者一旦生起净信,就不应再呕吐『彼世尊是殊胜的正等正觉者,法是善说的,僧团是善行道的』。『色是无常,受是无常,想是无常,行是无常,识是无常』,一旦生起的智,就不应再呕吐。大王,这是应取黑铁的第二个特质。大王,这也是世尊、天中之天所说——
‘‘‘Dassanamhi parisodhito naro, ariyadhamme niyato visesagū;
「『在见中清净的人,确定于圣法,已达殊胜;
Nappavedhati anekabhāgaso, sabbaso ca mukhabhāvameva so’’’ti.
他不会多方面动摇,而完全只是面向(解脱)。』
Kāḷāyasaṅgapañho dutiyo. · 黑铁问第二
3. Chattaṅgapañho3. 伞问
§3
‘‘Bhante nāgasena, ‘chattassa tīṇi aṅgāni gahetabbānī’ti yaṃ vadesi, katamāni tāni tīṇi aṅgāni gahetabbānī’’ti? ‘‘Yathā, mahārāja, chattaṃ upari muddhani carati, evameva kho, mahārāja, yoginā yogāvacarena kilesānaṃ upari muddhani carena bhavitabbaṃ. Idaṃ, mahārāja, chattassa paṭhamaṃ aṅgaṃ gahetabbaṃ.
「尊者那先,你说『应取伞的三个特质』,应取的那三个特质是什么?」「大王,譬如伞在头顶上方运行,同样地,大王,瑜伽行者应在诸烦恼的头顶上方运行。大王,这是应取伞的第一个特质。
‘‘Puna caparaṃ, mahārāja, chattaṃ muddhanupatthambhaṃ hoti, evameva kho, mahārāja, yoginā yogāvacarena yoniso manasikārupatthambhena bhavitabbaṃ. Idaṃ, mahārāja, chattassa dutiyaṃ aṅgaṃ gahetabbaṃ.
「再者,大王,伞是头的支撑,同样地,大王,瑜伽行者应以如理作意为支撑。大王,这是应取伞的第二个特质。
‘‘Puna caparaṃ, mahārāja, chattaṃ vātātapameghavuṭṭhiyo paṭihanati, evameva kho, mahārāja, yoginā yogāvacarena nānāvidhadiṭṭhiputhusamaṇabrāhmaṇānaṃ matavātatividhaggisantāpakilesavuṭṭhiyo paṭihantabbā . Idaṃ, mahārāja, chattassa tatiyaṃ aṅgaṃ gahetabbaṃ. Bhāsitampetaṃ, mahārāja, therena sāriputtena dhammasenāpatinā –
「再者,大王,伞遮挡风、热、云、雨,同样地,大王,瑜伽行者应遮挡种种见、各种沙门婆罗门的见风、三种火热、烦恼雨。大王,这是应取伞的第三个特质。大王,这也是长老沙利子法将军所说——
‘‘‘Yathāpi chattaṃ vipulaṃ, acchiddaṃ thirasaṃhitaṃ;
「『譬如广大的伞,无孔、坚固结合;
Vātātapaṃ nivāreti, mahatī meghavuṭṭhiyo.
它遮挡风和热,以及大云雨。
‘‘‘Tatheva buddhaputtopi, sīlachattadharo suci;
同样地,佛子也是如此,持戒伞者,清净者;
Kilesavuṭṭhiṃ vāreti, santāpatividhaggayo’’’ti.
他遮挡烦恼雨,消除种种热恼。
Chattaṅgapañho tatiyo. · 伞问第三
4. Khettaṅgapañho4. 田问
§4
‘‘Bhante nāgasena, ‘khettassa tīṇi aṅgāni gahetabbānī’ti yaṃ vadesi, katamāni tāni tīṇi aṅgāni gahetabbānī’’ti? ‘‘Yathā, mahārāja, khettaṃ mātikāsampannaṃ hoti, evameva kho, mahārāja, yoginā yogāvacarena sucaritavattappaṭivattamātikāsampannena bhavitabbaṃ. Idaṃ, mahārāja, khettassa paṭhamaṃ aṅgaṃ gahetabbaṃ.
「尊者那先,你说『应取田的三个要素』,应取的那三个要素是什么?」「大王,譬如田具足母体,同样地,大王,瑜伽者、修习瑜伽者应具足善行、戒行、还净的母体。大王,这是应取田的第一个要素。
‘‘Puna caparaṃ, mahārāja, khettaṃ mariyādāsampannaṃ hoti, tāya ca mariyādāya udakaṃ rakkhitvā dhaññaṃ paripāceti, evameva kho, mahārāja, yoginā yogāvacarena sīlahirimariyādāsampannena bhavitabbaṃ, tāya ca sīlahirimariyādāya sāmaññaṃ rakkhitvā cattāri sāmaññaphalāni gahetabbāni. Idaṃ, mahārāja, khettassa dutiyaṃ aṅgaṃ gahetabbaṃ.
「再者,大王,田具足界限,以那界限保护水而使谷物成熟,同样地,大王,瑜伽者、修习瑜伽者应达上的界限,以那戒的界限保护沙门性而应取四沙门果。大王,这是应取田的第二个要素。
‘‘Puna caparaṃ, mahārāja, khettaṃ uṭṭhānasampannaṃ hoti, kassakassa hāsajanakaṃ appampi bījaṃ vuttaṃ bahu hoti, bahu vuttaṃ bahutaraṃ hoti, evameva kho, mahārāja, yoginā yogāvacarena uṭṭhānasampannena vipulaphaladāyinā bhavitabbaṃ, dāyakānaṃ hāsajanakena bhavitabbaṃ, yathā appaṃ dinnaṃ bahu hoti, bahu dinnaṃ bahutaraṃ hoti. Idaṃ, mahārāja, khettassa tatiyaṃ aṅgaṃ gahetabbaṃ. Bhāsitampetaṃ, mahārāja, therena upālinā vinayadharena –
「再者,大王,田具足精勤,能令农夫欢喜,少许种子播下变成很多,很多播下变成更多,同样地,大王,瑜伽者、修习瑜伽者应具足精勤,应是给予广大果报者,应是令施者欢喜者,如此少许所施变成很多,很多所施变成更多。大王,这是应取田的第三个要素。大王,这也是持律的长老伍巴离所说——
‘‘‘Khettūpamena bhavitabbaṃ, uṭṭhānavipuladāyinā;
「『应以田为譬喻,精勤、给予广大者;
Esa khettavaro nāma, yo dadāti vipulaṃ phala’’’nti.
这名为最胜田,即给予广大果报者。』
Khettaṅgapañho catuttho. · 田问第四
5. Agadaṅgapañho5. 药问
§5
‘‘Bhante nāgasena, ‘agadassa dve aṅgāni gahetabbānī’ti yaṃ vadesi, katamāni tāni dve aṅgāni gahetabbānī’’ti. ‘‘Yathā, mahārāja, agade kimī na saṇṭhahanti, evameva kho, mahārāja, yoginā yogāvacarena mānase kilesā na saṇṭhapetabbā. Idaṃ, mahārāja, agadassa paṭhamaṃ aṅgaṃ gahetabbaṃ.
「尊者那先,你说『应取药的两个特相』,应取哪两个特相?」「大王,譬如药中虫不能住,如是,大王,瑜伽行者应不使烦恼住于心中。大王,这是应取药的第一个特相。
‘‘Puna caparaṃ, mahārāja, agado daṭṭhaphuṭṭhadiṭṭhaasitapītakhāyitasāyitaṃ sabbaṃ visaṃ paṭihanati, evameva kho, mahārāja, yoginā yogāvacarena rāgadosamohamānadiṭṭhivisaṃ sabbaṃ paṭihanitabbaṃ. Idaṃ, mahārāja, agadassa dutiyaṃ aṅgaṃ gahetabbaṃ. Bhāsitampetaṃ, mahārāja, bhagavatā devātidevena –
「再者,大王,药能驱除一切被咬、被触、被见、被食、被饮、被嚼、被尝的毒,如是,大王,瑜伽行者应驱除一切贪、嗔、痴、慢、邪见之毒。大王,这是应取药的第二个特相。大王,这也是世尊、天中之天所说——
‘‘‘Saṅkhārānaṃ sabhāvatthaṃ, daṭṭhukāmena yoginā;
「『欲见诸行自性义的瑜伽行者;
Agadeneva hotabbaṃ, kilesavisanāsane’’’ti.
应如药一般,灭除烦恼之毒。』」
Agadaṅgapañho pañcamo. · 药问第五
6. Bhojanaṅgapañho6. 食物问
§6
‘‘Bhante nāgasena, ‘bhojanassa tīṇi aṅgāni gahetabbānī’ti yaṃ vadesi, katamāni tāni tīṇi aṅgāni gahetabbānī’’ti? ‘‘Yathā, mahārāja, bhojanaṃ sabbasattānaṃ upatthambho, evameva kho, mahārāja, yoginā yogāvacarena sabbasattānaṃ maggupatthambhena bhavitabbaṃ. Idaṃ, mahārāja, bhojanassa paṭhamaṃ aṅgaṃ gahetabbaṃ.
「尊者那先,你说『应取食物的三个特相』,应取哪三个特相?」「大王,譬如食物是一切众生的支持,如是,大王,瑜伽行者应以道支持一切众生。大王,这是应取食物的第一个特相。
‘‘Puna caparaṃ, mahārāja, bhojanaṃ sabbasattānaṃ balaṃ vaḍḍheti, evameva kho, mahārāja, yoginā yogāvacarena puññavaḍḍhiyā vaḍḍhitabbaṃ. Idaṃ, mahārāja, bhojanassa dutiyaṃ aṅgaṃ gahetabbaṃ.
「再者,大王,食物增长一切众生的力量,如是,大王,瑜伽行者应以福德的增长而增长。大王,这是应取食物的第二个特相。
‘‘Puna caparaṃ, mahārāja, bhojanaṃ sabbasattānaṃ abhipatthitaṃ, evameva kho, mahārāja, yoginā yogāvacarena sabbalokābhipatthitena bhavitabbaṃ. Idaṃ, mahārāja, bhojanassa tatiyaṃ aṅgaṃ gahetabbaṃ. Bhāsitampetaṃ, mahārāja, therena mahāmoggallānena –
「再者,大王,食物是一切众生所希求的,如是,大王,瑜伽行者应成为一切世间所希求者。大王,这是应取食物的第三个特相。大王,这也是长老大摩嘎剌那所说——
‘‘‘Saṃyamena niyamena, sīlena paṭipattiyā;
「『以自制、以调御、以戒、以行道;
Patthitena bhavitabbaṃ, sabbalokassa yoginā’’’ti.
一切世间的瑜伽者应当以渴望而修习。
Bhojanaṅgapañho chaṭṭho. · 食物问第六
7. Issāsaṅgapañho7. 弓箭问
§7
‘‘Bhante nāgasena, ‘issāsassa cattāri aṅgāni gahetabbānī’ti yaṃ vadesi, katamāni tāni cattāri aṅgāni gahetabbānī’’ti? ‘‘Yathā, mahārāja, issāso sare pātayanto ubho pāde pathaviyaṃ daḷhaṃ patiṭṭhāpeti, jaṇṇuavekallaṃ karoti, sarakalāpaṃ kaṭisandhimhi ṭhapeti, kāyaṃ upatthaddhaṃ karoti, dve hatthe sandhiṭṭhānaṃ āropeti, muṭṭhiṃ pīḷayati, aṅguliyo nirantaraṃ karoti, gīvaṃ paggaṇhāti, cakkhūni mukhañca pidahati, nimittaṃ ujuṃ karoti, hāsamuppādeti ‘vijjhissāmī’ti, evameva kho, mahārāja, yoginā yogāvacarena sīlapathaviyaṃ vīriyapāde patiṭṭhāpetabbaṃ, khantisoraccaṃ avekallaṃ kātabbaṃ, saṃvare cittaṃ ṭhapetabbaṃ, saṃyamaniyame attā upanetabbo, icchā mucchā pīḷayitabbā, yoniso manasikāre cittaṃ nirantaraṃ kātabbaṃ, vīriyaṃ paggahetabbaṃ, cha dvārā pidahitabbā, sati upaṭṭhapetabbā, hāsamuppādetabbaṃ ‘sabbakilese ñāṇanārācena vijjhissāmī’ti. Idaṃ, mahārāja, issāsassa paṭhamaṃ aṅgaṃ gahetabbaṃ.
「尊者那先,您说『应当取弓箭手的四支』,应当取哪四支呢?」「大王,譬如弓箭手射箭时,将双足牢固地安立在地上,使膝盖稳固,将箭筒置于腰际,使身体挺直,将双手举至连接处,握紧拳头,使手指连续不断,抬起颈部,闭上眼睛和嘴巴,使目标正直,生起欢喜『我将射中』。同样地,大王,瑜伽者、修习瑜伽者应当将精进足安立在戒地上,应当使忍辱柔和稳固,应当将心安立于防护中,应当将自己引向制御与律仪,应当压制欲望与痴迷,应当使心连续不断地如理作意,应当策励精进,应当关闭六门,应当现起念,应当生起欢喜『我将以智慧之箭射中一切烦恼』。大王,这是应当取弓箭手的第一支。
‘‘Puna caparaṃ, mahārāja, issāso āḷakaṃ pariharati vaṅkajimhakuṭilanārācassa ujukaraṇāya. Evameva kho, mahārāja, yoginā yogāvacarena imasmiṃ kāye satipaṭṭhānaāḷakaṃ pariharitabbaṃ vaṅkajimhakuṭilacittassa ujukaraṇāya. Idaṃ, mahārāja, issāsassa dutiyaṃ aṅgaṃ gahetabbaṃ.
「再者,大王,弓箭手持有矫正器,为了矫直弯曲、歪斜、扭曲的箭。同样地,大王,瑜伽者、修习瑜伽者应当在此身持有须跋矫正器,为了矫直弯曲、歪斜、扭曲的心。大王,这是应当取弓箭手的第二支。
‘‘Puna caparaṃ, mahārāja, issāso lakkhe upāseti, evameva kho, mahārāja, yoginā yogāvacarena imasmiṃ kāye upāsitabbaṃ. Kathaṃ mahārāja yoginā yogāvacarena imasmiṃ kāye upāsitabbaṃ? Aniccato upāsitabbaṃ, dukkhato upāsitabbaṃ, anattato upāsitabbaṃ, rogato…pe… gaṇḍato…pe… sallato…pe… aghato…pe… ābādhato…pe… parato…pe… palokato…pe… ītito…pe… upaddavato…pe… bhayato…pe… upasaggato…pe… calato…pe… pabhaṅguto…pe… addhuvato…pe… atāṇato…pe… aleṇato…pe… asaraṇato…pe… rittato…pe… tucchato…pe… suññato…pe… ādīnavato…pe… vipariṇāmadhammato…pe… asārato …pe… aghamūlato…pe… vadhakato…pe… vibhavato…pe… sāsavato…pe… saṅkhatato…pe… mārāmisato…pe… jātidhammato…pe… jarādhammato…pe… byādhidhammato…pe… maraṇadhammato…pe… sokadhammato…pe… paridevadhammato…pe… upāyāsadhammato…pe… saṃkilesadhammato…pe… evaṃ kho, mahārāja, yoginā yogāvacarena imasmiṃ kāye upāsitabbaṃ. Idaṃ, mahārāja, issāsassa tatiyaṃ aṅgaṃ gahetabbaṃ.
「再者,大王,弓箭手瞄准目标。同样地,大王,瑜伽者、修习瑜伽者应当在此身瞄准。大王,瑜伽者、修习瑜伽者如何在此身瞄准呢?应当以无常瞄准,应当以苦瞄准,应当以无我瞄准,以病...以疮...以刺...以祸...以疾...以他...以坏灭...以灾患...以祸害...以怖畏...以障碍...以动摇...以破坏...以不坚固...以无庇护...以无依靠...以无归依...以空虚...以空洞...以空...以过患...以变易法...以无实质...以祸根...以杀戮者...以灭尽...以有漏...以有为...以魔饵...以生法...以老法...以病法...以死法...以愁法...以悲法...以恼法...以杂染法...如此,大王,瑜伽者、修习瑜伽者应当在此身瞄准。大王,这是应当取弓箭手的第三支。
‘‘Puna caparaṃ, mahārāja, issāso sāyaṃ pātaṃ upāsati. Evameva kho, mahārāja, yoginā yogāvacarena sāyaṃ pātaṃ ārammaṇe upāsitabbaṃ. Idaṃ, mahārāja, issāsassa catutthaṃ aṅgaṃ gahetabbaṃ. Bhāsitampetaṃ, mahārāja, therena sāriputtena dhammasenāpatinā –
「再者,大王,弓箭手早晚瞄准。同样地,大王,瑜伽者、修习瑜伽者应当早晚在所缘瞄准。大王,这是应当取弓箭手的第四支。大王,这也是长老沙利子法将军所说——
‘‘‘Yathā issāsako nāma, sāyaṃ pātaṃ upāsati;
「譬如名为弓箭手者,早晚瞄准;
Upāsanaṃ ariñcanto , labhate bhattavetanaṃ.
不放弃瞄准,获得食物工资。
‘‘‘Tatheva buddhaputtopi, karoti kāyupāsanaṃ;
同样地,佛子也,修习身瞄准;
Kāyupāsanaṃ ariñcanto, arahattamadhigacchatī’’’ti.
不舍弃身随观,证得阿拉汉果。
Issāsaṅgapañho sattamo. · 弓箭问第七
Kumbhavaggo sattamo . · 瓶品第七
Tassuddānaṃ –
其摄颂——
Kumbho ca kāḷāyaso ca, chattaṃ khettañca agado;
水瓶与黑铁,伞、田与药,
Bhojanena ca issāso, vuttaṃ dāni vidūhīti.
以食物与嫉妒,现已说,诸智者。
Opammakathāpañho niṭṭhito. · 譬喻论问完
Nigamanaṃ · 结论
Iti chasu kaṇḍesu bāvīsativaggapatimaṇḍitesu dvāsaṭṭhiadhikā dvesatā imasmiṃ potthake āgatā milindapañhā samattā, anāgatā ca pana dvācattālīsā honti, āgatā ca anāgatā ca sabbā samodhānetvā catūhi adhikā tisatapañhā honti, sabbāva milindapañhāti saṅkhaṃ gacchanti.
如是在六品中以二十二品庄严,此书中已来的弥兰陀问有二百六十二问,未来的则有四十二问,已来的与未来的一切合并,共有三百零四问,一切都称为弥兰陀问。
Rañño ca therassa ca pucchāvisajjanāvasāne caturāsītisatasahassayojanabahalā udakapariyantaṃ katvā ayaṃ mahāpathavī chadhā kampittha, vijjullatā nicchariṃsu, devatā dibbapupphavassaṃ pavassiṃsu, mahābrahmā sādhukāramadāsi, mahāsamuddakucchiyaṃ meghatthanitanigghoso viya mahāghoso ahosi, iti so milindo rājā ca orodhagaṇā ca sirasā añjaliṃ paṇāmetvā vandiṃsu.
在国王与长老问答结束时,此大地以八万四千由旬之厚,直至水际,六次震动,闪电发出,诸天人降下天花雨,大梵天发出善哉之声,如大海腹中雷鸣之声,有大声响起,如是彼弥兰陀王与宫廷众人以头顶礼拜,合掌礼敬。
Milindo rājā ativiya pamuditahadayo sumathitamānahadayo buddhasāsane sāramatino ratanattaye sunikkaṅkho niggumbo nitthaddho hutvā therassa guṇesu pabbajjāsu paṭipadāiriyāpathesu ca ativiya pasanno vissattho nirālayo nihatamānatthambho uddhaṭadāṭho viya bhujagindo evamāha ‘‘sādhu, bhante nāgasena, buddhavisayo pañho tayā visajjito, imasmiṃ buddhasāsane ṭhapetvā dhammasenāpatiṃ sāriputtattheraṃ añño tayā sadiso pañhavisajjane natthi, khamatha, bhante nāgasena, mama accayaṃ, upāsakaṃ maṃ, bhante nāgasena, dhāretha ajjatagge pāṇupetaṃ saraṇaṃ gata’’nti.
弥兰陀王极为欢喜心,善调伏慢心,于佛教中见核心义,于三宝极无疑惑、无结、无僵硬,对长老的功德、出家、道行与威仪极为信乐、信赖、无依止、降伏慢与傲,如拔去毒牙的龙王,如是说:「善哉,尊者那先,你已解答了佛境界之问,在此佛教中,除了法将军沙利子长老,无有其他与你相等于解答问题者。尊者那先,请容忍我的过失。尊者那先,请忆持我为近事男,从今日起终生归依。」
Tadā rājā saha balakāyehi nāgasenattheraṃ payirupāsitvā milindaṃ nāma vihāraṃ kāretvā therassa niyyātetvā catūhi paccayehi nāgasenaṃ koṭisatehi bhikkhūhi saddhiṃ paricari, punapi therassa paññāya pasīditvā puttassa rajjaṃ niyyātetvā agārasmā anagāriyaṃ pabbajitvā vipassanaṃ vaḍḍhetvā arahattaṃ pāpuṇi, tena vuttaṃ –
当时国王与军队一起亲近那先长老,建造名为弥兰陀的精舍,交付给长老,以四资具供养那先与百千比库众,又因长老的智慧而信乐,将王位交付给儿子,从在家出家为无家,增长观,证得阿拉汉果。因此说——
‘‘Paññā pasatthā lokasmiṃ, katā saddhammaṭṭhitiyā;
「慧在世间中受赞叹,为了正法住立而作;
Paññāya vimatiṃ hantvā, santiṃ papponti paṇḍitā.
以慧击破疑惑后,贤智者们证得寂静。
Yasmiṃ khandhe ṭhitā paññā, sati tattha anūnakā;
慧安立于何蕴中,念在那里不缺少;
Pūjā visesassādhāro, aggo seṭṭho anuttaro;
供养是殊胜的依处,最上、最胜、无上;
Tasmā hi paṇḍito poso, sampassaṃ hitamattano ;
因此贤智之人,见到自己的利益,
Paññavantaṃbhipūjeyya, cetiyaṃ viya sādaro’’ti .
应当恭敬地供养具慧者,如同塔庙一般。」
Laṅkāyaṃ doṇinagare, vasatā doṇināminā;
在兰卡的多尼城,由住于此名为多尼的
Mahātherena lekhitvā, suṭṭhapitaṃ yathāsutaṃ;
大长老书写,如所闻而善安立。
Milindarājapañho ca, nāgasenavisajjanaṃ;
《弥兰陀王问经》,那伽些那的解答;
Milindo hi mahāpañño, nāgaseno supaṇḍito;
弥兰陀确实是大智者,那伽些那是善慧者;
Iminā puññakammena, ito gacchāmi tussitaṃ;
以此福业,我从此去兜率天;
Metteyyaṃnāgate passe, suṇeyyaṃ dhammamuttamanti.
愿见未来的弥勒,愿听闻最上法。
Milindapañho niṭṭhito. · 弥兰陀问经完