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21. Asītinipāto · 21. 八十集义注

2076 段 · CSCD 巴利原典
21. Asītinipāto21. 八十集
[533] 1. Cūḷahaṃsajātakavaṇṇanā
《小天鹅本生故事解说》
Sumukhāti idaṃ satthā veḷuvane viharanto āyasmato ānandassa jīvitapariccāgaṃ ārabbha kathesi. Devadattena hi tathāgataṃ jīvitā voropetuṃ payojitesu dhanuggahesu sabbapaṭhamaṃ pesitena āgantvā ‘‘nāhaṃ, bhante, sakkomi taṃ bhagavantaṃ jīvitā voropetuṃ, mahiddhiko so bhagavā mahānubhāvo’’ti vutte devadatto ‘‘alaṃ, āvuso, mā tvaṃ samaṇaṃ gotamaṃ jīvitā voropehi, ahameva samaṇaṃ gotamaṃ jīvitā voropessāmī’’ti vatvā tathāgate gijjhakūṭapabbatassa pacchimachāyāya caṅkamante sayaṃ gijjhakūṭaṃ pabbataṃ abhiruhitvā yantavegena mahatiṃ silaṃ pavijjhi, ‘‘imāya silāya samaṇaṃ gotamaṃ jīvitā voropessāmī’’ti. Tadā dve pabbatakūṭā samāgantvā taṃ silaṃ sampaṭicchiṃsu. Tato papaṭikā uppatitvā bhagavato pādaṃ paharitvā ruhiraṃ uppādesi, balavavedanā pavattiṃsu. Jīvako tathāgatassa pādaṃ satthakena phāletvā duṭṭhalohitaṃ vametvā pūtimaṃsaṃ apanetvā dhovitvā bhesajjaṃ ālimpitvā nirogamakāsi. Satthā purimasadisameva bhikkhusaṅghaparivuto mahatiyā buddhalīlāya vicari.
世尊清净端庄,住持竹林时,开始为具寿阿难说起生命自舍之事。迦叶长老之子迭瓦达多曾来造访世尊,并送上弓箭作供养。本欲以此物劝世尊舍命,但世尊答道:『大人啊,我不比萨咖天帝,不能为射箭而舍命,世尊广大神威不可测。』迭瓦达多说:『朋友啊,你莫为游方比库果德玛舍命,我自己将舍命于他。』说毕,世尊从吉槃坡山后阴漫步,亲自攀登吉槃坡山,疾速进入大石室中说:『我将以此岩石护游方比库果德玛舍命。』当时,两座山峰相对,众人至岩石处,敲击之下,血流涌起,产生剧痛。基瓦咖为世尊擦洗脚部,将污血吐出,涂敷痈肿,清洁伤口,并敷药使痊愈。世尊前处与沙门僧团偕行,庄严佛化利乐广布。
Atha naṃ disvā devadatto cintesi – ‘‘samaṇassa gotamassa rūpasobhaggappattaṃ sarīraṃ disvā koci manussabhūto upasaṅkamituṃ na sakkoti, rañño kho pana nāḷāgiri nāma hatthī caṇḍo pharuso manussaghātako buddhadhammasaṅghaguṇe na jānāti, so taṃ jīvitakkhayaṃ pāpessatī’’ti. So gantvā rañño tamatthaṃ ārocesi. Rājā ‘‘sādhū’’ti sampaṭicchitvā hatthācariyaṃ pakkosāpetvā ‘‘samma, sve nāḷāgiriṃ mattaṃ katvā pātova samaṇena gotamena paṭipannavīthiyaṃ vissajjehī’’ti āha. Devadattopi naṃ ‘‘aññesu divasesu hatthī kittakaṃ suraṃ pivatī’’ti pucchitvā ‘‘aṭṭha ghaṭe, bhante’’ti vutte ‘‘tena hi sve tvaṃ taṃ soḷasa ghaṭe pāyetvā samaṇena gotamena paṭipannavīthiyaṃ abhimukhaṃ kareyyāsī’’ti āha. So ‘‘sādhū’’ti sampaṭicchi. Rājā nagare bheriṃ carāpesi – ‘‘sve nāḷāgiriṃ mattaṃ katvā nagare vissajjessati, nāgarā pātova sabbakiccāni katvā antaravīthiṃ mā paṭipajjiṃsū’’ti. Devadattopi rājanivesanā oruyha hatthisālaṃ gantvā hatthigopake āmantetvā ‘‘mayaṃ bhaṇe uccaṭṭhāniyaṃ nīcaṭṭhāne, nīcaṭṭhāniyaṃ vā uccaṭṭhāne kātuṃ samatthā, sace vo yasena attho, sve pātova nāḷāgiriṃ tikhiṇasurāya soḷasa ghaṭe pāyetvā samaṇassa gotamassa āgamanavelāya tuttatomarehi vijjhitvā kujjhāpetvā hatthisālaṃ bhindāpetvā samaṇena gotamena paṭipannavīthiyaṃ abhimukhaṃ katvā samaṇaṃ gotamaṃ jīvitakkhayaṃ pāpethā’’ti āha. Te ‘‘sādhū’’ti sampaṭicchiṃsu.
迭瓦达多见之,心生忧虑,知沙门果德玛已具世间罕见的祥瑞圣体,非人间凡夫所能接近;而国王乃名叫那罗迦利的恶象秉性暴戾,好杀生,不识佛法僧之德行,必将为毁世尊而招致恶报。遂前往王处告知此事。国王允诺,命派象人将恶象引至那罗迦利山,使其醉酒,然后允诺在那罗迦利山他入眠时放出果德玛往来路。迭瓦达多亦询问是否可让恶象饮酒,据称八缸,复言:『八缸酒你必须在十六缸酒之前饮完,并引恶象前往果德玛通行之处。』国王欣然应诺,并于城中鸣鼓宣布:“我自使那罗迦利醉酒后,恶象将放归山中,城中居民务必完毕事务,不可阻挡走内路。”迭瓦达多入宫至象舍,召象夫言:“我们在高位低立之间皆能办理,此事俱可。若有用处,必能使那罗迦利喝醉,恶象十六缸酒饮毕后,果德玛通道畅通,让游方比库果德玛生命无虞。”象夫同意。
Sā pavatti sakalanagare vitthārikā ahosi. Buddhadhammasaṅghamāmakā upāsakā taṃ sutvā satthāraṃ upasaṅkamitvā ‘‘bhante, devadatto raññā saddhiṃ ekato hutvā sve tumhehi paṭipannavīthiyaṃ nāḷāgiriṃ vissajjāpessati, sve piṇḍāya apavisitvā idheva hotha, mayaṃ vihāreyeva buddhappamukhassa bhikkhusaṅghassa bhikkhaṃ dassāmā’’ti vadiṃsu. Satthāpi ‘‘sve piṇḍāya na pavisissāmī’’ti avatvāva ‘‘ahaṃ sve nāḷāgiriṃ dametvā pāṭihāriyaṃ katvā titthiye madditvā rājagahe piṇḍāya acaritvāva bhikkhusaṅghaparivuto nagarā nikkhamitvā veḷuvanameva āgamissāmi, rājagahavāsinopi bahūni bhattabhājanāni gahetvā veḷuvanameva āgamissanti, sve vihāreyeva bhattaggaṃ bhavissatī’’ti iminā kāraṇena tesaṃ adhivāsesi. Te tathāgatassa adhivāsanaṃ viditvā bhattabhājanāni āharitvā ‘‘vihāreyeva dānaṃ dassāmā’’ti pakkamiṃsu.
这事传遍全城。假称佛法僧为家者的在家居士闻讯后,纷纷前去世尊处恳请:“世尊,迭瓦达多将和国王一道饮酒使那罗迦利醉倒,您且住在这里乞食;我们将在佛院内为佛法僧布施。”世尊答言:“我不亲入乞食处,但我自能降服那罗迦利,制造神迹,令其醉倒,乞食后出城,到竹林去。我也知道很多王舍城居民携带了许多食物,皆会来到竹林,届时在寺院就有供养饭菜。”如此承诺后,众弟子知悉便取来供品,诺言“只在寺院内布施”。
Satthāpi paṭhamayāme dhammaṃ desetvā majjhimayāme devatānaṃ pañhaṃ vissajjetvā pacchimayāmassa paṭhamakoṭṭhāse sīhaseyyaṃ kappetvā dutiyakoṭṭhāse phalasamāpattiyā vītināmetvā tatiyakoṭṭhāse mahākaruṇāsamāpattiṃ samāpajjitvā vuṭṭhāya bodhaneyyabandhave olokento nāḷāgiridamane caturāsītiyā pāṇasahassānaṃ dhammābhisamayaṃ disvā vibhātāya rattiyā katasarīrapaṭijaggano hutvā āyasmantaṃ ānandaṃ āmantetvā , ‘‘ānanda, ajja rājagahaparivattakesu aṭṭhārasasu mahāvihāresu sabbesampi bhikkhūnaṃ mayāsaddhiṃ rājagahaṃ pavisituṃ ārocehī’’ti āha. Thero tathā akāsi. Sabbepi bhikkhū veḷuvane sannipatiṃsu. Satthā mahābhikkhusaṅghaparivuto rājagahaṃ pāvisi. Atha hatthimeṇḍā yathānusiṭṭhaṃ paṭipajjiṃsu, mahanto samāgamo ahosi. Saddhāsampannā manussā ‘‘ajja kira buddhanāgassa tiracchānanāgena saṅgāmo bhavissati, anūpamāya buddhalīlāya nāḷāgiridamanaṃ passissāmā’’ti pāsādahammiyagehacchadanādīni abhiruhitvā aṭṭhaṃsu. Asaddhā pana micchādiṭṭhikā ‘‘ayaṃ nāḷāgiri caṇḍo pharuso manussaghātako buddhādīnaṃ guṇaṃ na jānāti, so ajja samaṇassa gotamassa suvaṇṇavaṇṇaṃ sarīraṃ viddhaṃsetvā jīvitakkhayaṃ pāpessati, ajja paccāmittassa piṭṭhiṃ passissāmā’’ti pāsādādīsu aṭṭhaṃsu.
世尊先在上午开示佛法,中午解答天众疑问,下午于初寝处摆设狮卧具,第二寝处讲说得果法门,第三寝处入大悲愿中。起身向觉法之亲族领导人巡视,看见那罗迦利山下四十八万信众聚集,如明灯般夜间通明,便唤具寿长老阿难:『阿难,今日城内十八座大寺中所有比库,我已令汝等同心进入王舍城。』长老遵从。众比库皆聚集在竹林。世尊率众进入王舍城。恶象依常路线行动,众会仪式庄严隆重,场面宏大。信众欢喜者若人言:“今日定有佛陀神迹显现,必能目睹那罗迦利山下殊胜佛法演出。”走上显贵府邸等八处。有怀疑不信众则言:“这恶象那罗迦利凶猛残暴,是杀生恶业转生之象,不知佛陀等德行。今恶象必毁坏游方比库果德玛金色圣体,将带来灭命苦果,还会报复其因。”八众于庄园聚集。
Hatthīpi bhagavantaṃ āgacchantaṃ disvā manusse tāsento gehāni viddhaṃsento sakaṭāni saṃcuṇṇento soṇḍaṃ ussāpetvā pahaṭṭhakaṇṇavālo pabbato viya ajjhottharanto yena bhagavā tenābhidhāvi. Taṃ āgacchantaṃ disvā bhikkhū bhagavantaṃ etadavocuṃ – ‘‘ayaṃ, bhante, nāḷāgiri caṇḍo pharuso manussaghātako imaṃ racchaṃ paṭipanno, na kho panāyaṃ buddhādiguṇaṃ jānāti, paṭikkamatu, bhante, bhagavā, paṭikkamatu sugato’’ti. Mā, bhikkhave, bhāyittha, paṭibalo ahaṃ nāḷāgiriṃ dametunti. Athāyasmā sāriputto satthāraṃ yāci – ‘‘bhante, pitu uppannakiccaṃ nāma jeṭṭhaputtassa bhāro, ahameva taṃ damemī’’ti. Atha naṃ satthā, ‘‘sāriputta, buddhabalaṃ nāma aññaṃ, sāvakabalaṃ aññaṃ, tiṭṭha tva’’nti paṭibāhi. Evaṃ yebhuyyena asīti mahātherā yāciṃsu. Satthā sabbepi paṭibāhi. Atha āyasmā ānando satthari balavasinehena adhivāsetuṃ asakkonto ‘‘ayaṃ hatthī paṭhamaṃ maṃ māretū’’ti tathāgatassatthāya jīvitaṃ pariccajitvā gantvā satthu purato aṭṭhāsi. Atha naṃ satthā ‘‘apehi, ānanda, mā me purato aṭṭhāsī’’ti āha. ‘‘Bhante, ayaṃ hatthī caṇḍo pharuso manussaghātako kappuṭṭhānaggisadiso paṭhamaṃ maṃ māretvā pacchā tumhākaṃ santikaṃ āgacchatū’’ti thero avaca. Yāvatatiyaṃ vuccamānopi tatheva aṭṭhāsi na paṭikkami. Atha naṃ bhagavā iddhibalena paṭikkamāpetvā bhikkhūnaṃ antare ṭhapesi.
恶象看见世尊到来,人群纷纷扰乱房屋,废坏车辆,剃除鬓毛,猛似攀登山峦向上冲击。比库们见状对世尊言:“比库果德玛,这恶象那罗迦利施行破坏,且不识佛法僧功德。世尊应退避,退避吧!”“莫惊惶,诸比库,我必制服那罗迦利。”时具寿长老萨利弗托请求佛陀:“世尊,护持父母之事乃长子重大责任,我愿助你制服恶象。”世尊答:“萨利弗托,有佛力、有弟子力,你且站稳。”于是众多长老纷纷请求护持,世尊悉数答允。具寿长老阿难因力不足未能护持,言:“此象先将我杀,后汝等再来护持我。”世尊闻之曰:“且勿使阿难站于我前。”阿难言:“世尊,此象凶猛残暴,如火龙,有先杀我之事,后你们方来。”于是阿难直立于恶象前长达三天三夜,未退避。后以神通力量令恶象退入众比库中间。
Tasmiṃ khaṇe ekā itthī nāḷāgiriṃ disvā maraṇabhayabhītā palāyamānā aṅkena gahitaṃ dārakaṃ hatthino ca tathāgatassa ca antare chaḍḍetvā palāyi. Hatthī taṃ anubandhitvā nivattitvā dārakassa santikaṃ agamāsi. Tadā dārako mahāravaṃ ravi. Satthā nāḷāgiriṃ odissakamettāya pharitvā sumadhuraṃ brahmassaraṃ nicchāretvā ‘‘ambho nāḷāgiri taṃ soḷasa surāghaṭe pāyetvā mattaṃ karontā na ‘aññaṃ gaṇhissatī’ti kariṃsu, ‘maṃ gaṇhissatī’ti pana kariṃsu, mā akāraṇena jaṅghāyo kilamento vicari, ito ehī’’ti pakkosi. So satthu vacanaṃ sutvā akkhīni ummīletvā bhagavato rūpasiriṃ oloketvā paṭiladdhasaṃvego buddhatejena pacchinnasurāmado soṇḍaṃ olambento kaṇṇe cālento āgantvā tathāgatassa pādesu pati. Atha naṃ satthā, ‘‘nāḷāgiri, tvaṃ tiracchānahatthī, ahaṃ buddhavāraṇo, ito paṭṭhāya mā caṇḍo pharuso manussaghātako bhava, sabbasattesu mettacittaṃ paṭilabhā’’ti vatvā dakkhiṇahatthaṃ pasāretvā kumbhe parāmasitvā –
在这一刻,有一位妇人见到那象山,因畏惧死亡而惊恐逃走,携带着怀抱中的孩子,抛弃了象以及世尊,在二者之间放下弃离而逃走。那象追随她,转身回到孩子身边。此时孩子大声呼喊。世尊将象山布满慈悲心,遣散那清凉甜美的梵音,并说:‘水啊,象山,勿被那十六瓶酒盛器浸泡、醉倒,必然不再依附他物,’又说,‘我将依附你。’孩子因无故疼痛跛足徘徊,他告诫说‘从这里离开回来吧。’他听从世尊的话,眼睛睁开,注视世尊尊颜,内心生出欢喜的急促感受,断尽酒欲的贪恋,摇着须髯,招手到耳边,向世尊的脚趾靠近。于是世尊语他:‘象山,你是野象,我是佛的警示者,你当向后转,不要变成凶狠残暴、杀害人的恶觉者;你应对一切众生生起慈悲心。’说完,伸出右手,将象山向外推动。
‘‘Mā kuñjara nāgamāsado, dukkho hi kuñjara nāgamāsado;
‘勿作象蛇的敌人,象蛇是痛苦,’
Na hi nāgahatassa kuñjara, sugati hoti ito paraṃ yato.
‘象蛇的敌人不会得到良好归宿,无论是此处还是彼方。’
‘‘Mā ca mado mā ca pamādo, na hi pamattā sugatiṃ vajanti te;
‘勿起骄慢,勿生懈怠,轻慢者不能通达善道。’
Tvaññeva tathā karissasi, yena tvaṃ sugatiṃ gamissasī’’ti. (cūḷava. 342) –
‘你必自作此行,依此行走通达善道。’(《小法句经》342)—
Dhammaṃ desesi.
启示法义。
Tassa sakalasarīraṃ pītiyā nirantaraṃ phuṭaṃ ahosi. Sace kira tiracchānagato nābhavissā, sotāpattiphalaṃ adhigamissā. Manussā taṃ pāṭihāriyaṃ disvā unnadiṃsu apphoṭiṃsu, sañjātasomanassā nānābharaṇāni khipiṃsu, tāni hatthissa sarīraṃ paṭicchādayiṃsu. Tato paṭṭhāya nāḷāgiri dhanapālako nāma jāto. Tasmiṃ kho pana dhanapālakasamāgame caturāsīti pāṇasahassāni amataṃ piviṃsu. Satthā dhanapālakaṃ pañcasu sīlesu patiṭṭhāpesi. So soṇḍāya bhagavato pāde paṃsūni gahetvā upari muddhani ākiritvā paṭikuṭitova paṭikkamitvā dassanūpacāre ṭhito dasabalaṃ vanditvā nivattitvā hatthisālaṃ pāvisi. Tato paṭṭhāya dantasudanto hutvā na kañci viheṭheti. Satthā nipphannamanoratho ‘‘yehi yaṃ dhanaṃ khittaṃ, tesaññeva taṃ hotū’’ti adhiṭṭhāya ‘‘ajja mayā mahantaṃ pāṭihāriyaṃ kataṃ, imasmiṃ nagare piṇḍāya caraṇaṃ appaṭirūpa’’nti titthiye madditvā bhikkhusaṅghaparivuto jayappatto viya khattiyo nagarā nikkhamitvā veḷuvanameva gato. Nagaravāsino bahuṃ annapānakhādanīyaṃ ādāya vihāraṃ gantvā mahādānaṃ pavattayiṃsu.
那时,他全身常被喜乐充满,清晰显现。假使他堕于畜生道,亦必能得声闻缘觉的初果。人们见此异事了然,兴奋欣喜,却不得其详,心中愁恼,便用各种饰物暂时遮盖,遮掩其满布全身的伤痕。随后,有一人名曰那罗迦利出生于此地。于是,在那罗迦利的聚集处,八十四万众饮用了不死甘露。世尊为那罗迦利立定五戒。那人连续用世尊足下尘污抓取双臂,摩挲扶持,踱步环绕,恭敬礼拜十方神力,礼足毕竟,回转入象树下。随后,成了白净牙齿的人,没有人能侵犯。世尊心愿终止,意念曰:「所有施舍出去的财物,皆归于施主。今日我已成就伟大神迹,于此城中乞食足料无缺。」乘胜移动,如同国王率领军队,出城而入树林。城中百姓,带来大量饮食,好施布施。
Taṃ divasaṃ sāyanhasamaye dhammasabhaṃ pūretvā sannisinnā bhikkhū kathaṃ samuṭṭhāpesuṃ – ‘‘āvuso, āyasmatā ānandena tathāgatassatthāya attano jīvitaṃ pariccajantena dukkaraṃ kataṃ, nāḷāgiriṃ disvā satthārā tikkhattuṃ paṭibāhiyamānopi nāpagato, aho dukkarakārako, āvuso, āyasmā ānando’’ti. Satthā ‘‘ānandassa guṇakathā pavattati, gantabbaṃ mayā etthā’’ti gandhakuṭito nikkhamitvā āgantvā ‘‘kāya nuttha, bhikkhave, etarahi kathāya sannisinnā’’ti pucchitvā ‘‘imāya nāmā’’ti vutte ‘‘na, bhikkhave, idāneva, pubbepi ānando tiracchānayoniyaṃ nibbattopi mamatthāya jīvitaṃ pariccajiyevā’’ti vatvā tehi yācito atītaṃ āhari.
当天傍晚时刻,满院法座,上坐诸比库议论纷纷说:「诸友,阿耆沙阿难尊者,为如来事业舍弃自身生命之难事;却见那罗迦利,尽管法师被三恶道牵制压迫,仍未离去,实属难能可贵,阿耆沙阿难尊者!」世尊说:「今正述说阿难功德,应往那地方。」于是,世尊从香山出来,至舍利佛等人所在,问曰:「诸比库,汝等今坐何事?」答曰:「长老名叫……」世尊曰:「非也,比库,此时以前的阿难,即已舍弃生命以进于三恶道之身者。」应问者即由此请教过去事迹。
Atīte mahiṃsakaraṭṭhe sāgalanagare sāgalo nāma rājā dhammena rajjaṃ kāresi. Tadā nagarato avidūre ekasmiṃ nesādagāmake aññataro nesādo pāsehi sakuṇe bandhitvā nagare vikkiṇanto jīvikaṃ kappesi. Nagarato ca avidūre āvaṭṭato dvādasayojano mānusiyo nāma padumasaro ahosi pañcavaṇṇapadumasañchanno. Tattha nānappakāro sakuṇasaṅgho otari. So nesādo tattha aniyāmena pāse oḍḍesi. Tasmiṃ kāle dhataraṭṭho haṃsarājā channavutihaṃsasahassaparivāro cittakūṭapabbate suvaṇṇaguhāyaṃ vasati, sumukho nāmassa senāpati ahosi. Athekadivasaṃ tato haṃsayūthā katipayā suvaṇṇahaṃsā mānusiyaṃ saraṃ gantvā pahūtagocare tasmiṃ yathāsukhaṃ vicaritvā suhitā cittakūṭaṃ āgantvā dhataraṭṭhassa ārocesuṃ – ‘‘mahārāja, manussapathe mānusiyo nāma padumasaro sampannagocaro, tattha gocaraṃ gaṇhituṃ gacchāmā’’ti. So ‘‘manussapatho nāma sāsaṅko sappaṭibhayo, mā vo ruccitthā’’ti paṭikkhipitvāpi tehi punappunaṃ vuccamāno ‘‘sace tumhākaṃ ruccati, gacchāmā’’ti saparivāro taṃ saraṃ agamāsi. So ākāsā otaranto pādaṃ pāse pavesentoyeva otari. Athassa pāso pādaṃ ayapaṭṭakena kaḍḍhanto viya ābandhitvā gaṇhi. Athassa ‘‘chindissāmi na’’nti ākaḍḍhantassa paṭhamavāre cammaṃ chijji, dutiyavāre maṃsaṃ chijji, tatiyavāre nhāru chijji, pāso aṭṭhiṃ āhacca aṭṭhāsi, lohitaṃ pagghari, balavavedanā pavattiṃsu.
过去在犀鹿王国,王名犀鹿,以法治国。彼时,离城不远一村有一捕猎者,捉了几只鸟,拴于笼中后卖掉谋生。离城不远有一人名莲莎摩,身披五色莲花装饰。当地有形形色色的鸟群下来,捕猎者任其自由飞去。捕猎者随意用笼子束缚。此时,位于吉达山的天鹅王,领有四万千只金羽天鹅,统帅名苏莫呼。某日,天鹅群飞至此地,亲善游览,恰遇捕猎者,向他说:“大王,人道称为人之莲莎摩,生性善良,今与之同行,共赴步行。”捕猎者屡次拒绝,惹恼天鹅,遂降空而入捕猎者脚边。天鹅勒索般捆住捕猎者脚,犹如钳制。威胁曰:“我将折断你。”初割破皮肤,继割肉,乃至骨头,鲜血淋漓,痛苦不堪。
So cintesi – ‘‘sacāhaṃ baddharavaṃ ravissāmi, ñātakā me utrastā hutvā gocaraṃ aggaṇhitvā chātajjhattāva palāyantā dubbalatāya mahāsamudde patissantī’’ti. So vedanaṃ adhivāsetvā ñātīnaṃ yāvadatthaṃ caritvā haṃsānaṃ kīḷanakāle mahantena saddena baddharavaṃ ravi. Taṃ sutvā te haṃsā maraṇabhayatajjitā vaggavaggā hutvā cittakūṭābhimukhā pakkamiṃsu. Tesu pakkantesu sumukho haṃsasenāpati ‘‘kacci nu kho idaṃ bhayaṃ mahārājassa uppannaṃ, jānissāmi na’’nti vegena pakkhanditvā purato gacchantassa haṃsagaṇassa antare mahāsattaṃ adisvā majjhimahaṃsagaṇaṃ vicini, tatthapi adisvā pacchimahaṃsagaṇaṃ vicini, tatthapi adisvā ‘‘nissaṃsayaṃ tassevedaṃ bhayaṃ uppanna’’nti nivattitvā āgacchanto mahāsattaṃ pāse baddhaṃ lohitamakkhitaṃ dukkhāturaṃ paṅkapiṭṭhe nipannaṃ disvā ‘‘mā bhāyi, mahārāja, ahaṃ mama jīvitaṃ pariccajitvā tumhe pāsato mocessāmī’’ti vadanto otaritvā mahāsattaṃ assāsentova paṅkapiṭṭhe nisīdi. Atha naṃ vīmaṃsanto mahāsatto paṭhamaṃ gāthamāha –
捕猎者思惟:「倘若我挣脱拘束,亲族惊慌失措,失去地盘,终至流亡于大海。」忍受痛苦,照顾亲族及生计,天鹅戏耍时骤然发出大声哀鸣。闻其哀声,天鹅群因对死亡恐惧,分散向吉达山聚集。领袖苏莫呼迅速飞离,巡视队伍前后的天鹅群,终于发现受困的众天鹅,顿知此乃恐惧所在。归来劝慰:“大王,莫惧,我虽舍弃性命,必助你们解脱束缚。”言讫,解放天鹅群,坐于淤泥岸边喘息。思量后,天鹅领袖吟诵偈语——
§1
1.
‘‘Sumukha anupacinantā, pakkamanti vihaṅgamā;
「苏莫呼不断周旋前行,飞翔如鸟自若无忧;
Gaccha tuvampi mā kaṅkhi, natthi baddhe sahāyatā’’ti.
你也跟随勿生疑虑,捆绑无助同伴不在。」
Tattha anupacinantāti sinehena ālayavasena anolokentā. Pakkamantīti ete channavuti haṃsasahassā ñātivihaṅgamā maṃ chaḍḍetvā gacchanti, tvampi gaccha, mā idha vāsaṃ ākaṅkhi, evañhi pāsena baddhe mayi sahāyatā nāma natthi, na hi te ahaṃ idāni kiñci sahāyakiccaṃ kātuṃ sakkhissāmi, kiṃ te mayā nirūpakārena, papañcaṃ akatvā gacchevāti vadati.
彼处所谓不跟随,是因不为爱情之所缚,亦非依循之所执。所谓离去者,是指众多鸳鸯成群结队,放下对我之依恋而去。你也随其去,不应在此逗留。因被种种羁绊所束缚者,对我无助益,实无与我同助之理;我今已不能作任何帮助之事。他语曰:你莫为我作不足之示范,更勿生纷扰而行去。
Ito paraṃ –
后文说——
§2
2.
‘‘Gacche vāhaṃ na vā gacche, na tena amaro siyaṃ;
“我去或我不去,彼则常存不灭;
Sukhitaṃ taṃ upāsitvā, dukkhitaṃ taṃ kathaṃ jahe.
受持者得乐安稳,受苦者何能舍弃?
§3
3.
‘‘Maraṇaṃ vā tayā saddhiṃ, jīvitaṃ vā tayā vinā;
“与彼共死亦然,独活于彼亦然;
Tadeva maraṇaṃ seyyo, yañce jīve tayā vinā.
死亡较为优胜,无其存活于彼。”
§4
4.
‘‘Nesa dhammo mahārāja, yaṃ taṃ evaṃ gataṃ jahe;
『此法何为,大王?当弃已往所行之法;』
Yā gati tuyhaṃ sā mayhaṃ, ruccate vihagādhipa.
『尔所悦者,此去向于我而言,恰似鸟王所欢。』
§5
5.
‘‘Kā nu pāsena baddhassa, gati aññā mahānasā;
『然则,悉缚路者,何有他趋,意欲何往,大士?』
Sā kathaṃ cetayānassa, muttassa tava ruccati.
『若释此心,为尔所悦,彼安所归?』
§6
6.
‘‘Kaṃ vā tvaṃ passase atthaṃ, mama tuyhañca pakkhima;
『尔见何义?彼我及汝共为东西;』
Ñātīnaṃ vāvasiṭṭhānaṃ, ubhinnaṃ jīvitakkhaye.
『亲族相依,俱同命运,生命相终。』
§7
7.
‘‘Yaṃ na kañcanadepiñcha, andhena tamasā gataṃ;
「譬如盖布金银,昏暗无光,陷入黑暗;
Tādise sañcajaṃ pāṇaṃ, kamatthamabhijotaye.
即使手中有珍宝,若不以其正道发光,也无所用。」
§8
8.
‘‘Kathaṃ nu patataṃ seṭṭha, dhamme atthaṃ na bujjhasi;
「何以尊者,堕入者虽优,却未觉悟法义?
Dhammo apacito santo, atthaṃ dasseti pāṇinaṃ.
法受轻慢者,安静者却能示现法义于世人。」
§9
9.
‘‘Sohaṃ dhammaṃ apekkhāno, dhammā catthaṃ samuṭṭhitaṃ;
「我恭敬法而守护,四谛法已然出世;
Bhattiñca tayi sampassaṃ, nāvakaṅkhāmi jīvitaṃ.
诚心信受观察,现见三法无求余生。」
§10
10. ‘‘Addhā eso sataṃ dhammo, yo mitto mittamāpade.
十、此法为百法之所依,谓善友守护善友时之法。
Na caje jīvitassāpi, hetudhammamanussaraṃ.
此法不舍生命缘起,言此法为生命之因缘所在。
§11
11.
‘‘Svāyaṃ dhammo ca te ciṇṇo, bhatti ca viditā mayi;
此法亦已自我所分别,此法实为我所明了;
Kāmaṃ karassu mayhetaṃ, gacchevānumato mayā.
若依我有所作愿,必行如我所许可之事。
§12
12.
‘‘Api tvevaṃ gate kāle, yaṃ khaṇḍaṃ ñātinaṃ mayā;
即便于此时节已逝,我为亲族所断施之部分;
Tayā taṃ buddhisampannaṃ, assa paramasaṃvutaṃ.
此断施予具足智慧者,必是至高之聚合。
§13
13.
‘‘Iccevaṃ mantayantānaṃ, ariyānaṃ ariyavuttinaṃ;
『正如』那些思维的,圣者们所说的圣言,
Paccadissatha nesādo, āturānamivantako.
应观察这些所体验的,不安者如病苦者。
§14
14.
‘‘Te sattumabhisañcikkha, dīgharattaṃ hitā dijā;
他们积聚生命之力,长久利益自身;
Tuṇhīmāsittha ubhayo, na sañcalesumāsanā.
两者皆安逸闲静,席位不动摇。
§15
15.
‘‘Dhataraṭṭhe ca disvāna, samuḍḍente tato tato;
观察天下,观大海四方波涛;
Abhikkhamatha vegena, dijasattu dijādhipe.
迅速前进,如同生命之主,生命之王般奔驰。
§16
16.
‘‘So ca vegenabhikkamma, āsajja parame dije;
「又因速疾的业力所致,产生极重的恶趣;
Paccakamittha nesādo, baddhā iti vicintayaṃ.
并非偶然,而是必然,如同被缚一般,应当细思。」
§17
17.
‘‘Ekaṃva baddhamāsīnaṃ, abaddhañca punāparaṃ;
「就如同一次被缚住,另一次则未被缚,
Āsajja baddhamāsīnaṃ, pekkhamānamadīnavaṃ.
因着缚住而坐,观察自己行为上的不善。
§18
18.
‘‘Tato so vimatoyeva, paṇḍare ajjhabhāsatha;
于是那人便与乞食者一同坐在白色空地,
Pavaḍḍhakāye āsīne, dijasaṅghagaṇādhipe.
坐于增长众体的头领,诸界众生的领导。」
§19
19.
‘‘Yaṃ nu pāsena mahatā, baddho na kurute disaṃ;
『假设以巨大的绳索束缚你,却不能使你迷失方向;』
Atha kasmā abaddho tvaṃ, balī pakkhi na gacchasi.
『那么为何你虽未被束缚,却像被捆缚一般,怎能像有翅膀的鸟儿一样自由飞翔?』
§20
20.
‘‘Kiṃ nu tyāyaṃ dijo hoti, mutto baddhaṃ upāsasi;
『若是这样,死亡岂不会成为永远的桎梏?你虽自由,却反而执着于束缚;』
Ohāya sakuṇā yanti, kiṃ eko avahīyasi.
『放开了的鸟儿纷纷离去,唯独你独自停留,你为何这样羞辱自己?』
§21
21.
‘‘Rājā me so dijāmitta, sakhā pāṇasamo ca me;
『我的国王啊,那死亡的朋友,与我同伴、能够持刀相助的朋友,』
Neva naṃ vijahissāmi, yāva kālassa pariyāyaṃ.
『我决不会抛弃他,直到时局彻底变迁为止。』
§22
22.
‘‘Kathaṃ panāyaṃ vihaṅgo, nāddasa pāsamoḍḍitaṃ;
「这飞鸟怎会如此,未见有网与笼囚禁;
Padañhetaṃ mahantānaṃ, boddhumarahanti āpadaṃ.
巨大群体之足迹,反而令其陷入危难。」
§23
23.
‘‘Yadā parābhavo hoti, poso jīvitasaṅkhaye;
「当失利之时已至,生命即将断绝;
Atha jālañca pāsañca, āsajjāpi na bujjhati.
即便有网与笼,不管如何,都不能觉察。」
§24
24.
‘‘Api tveva mahāpañña, pāsā bahuvidhā tatā;
「即便是大智者,常遭各样罗网困缚;
Guyhamāsajja bajjhanti, athevaṃ jīvitakkhaye’’ti. –
深居暗处而自缚,于生命终结亦如是。」
Imāsaṃ gāthānaṃ sambandho pāḷinayeneva veditabbo.
这些偈颂的关联,应当由巴利译师加以理解。
Tattha gacche vāti, mahārāja, ahaṃ ito gaccheyyaṃ vā na vā, nāhaṃ tena gamanena vā agamanena vā amaro siyaṃ, ahañhi ito gatopi agatopi maraṇato amuttova, ito pubbe pana sukhitaṃ taṃ upāsitvā idāni dukkhitaṃ taṃ kathaṃ jaheyyanti vadati. Maraṇaṃ vāti mama agacchantassa vā tayā saddhiṃ maraṇaṃ bhaveyya, gacchantassa vā tayā vinā jīvitaṃ. Tesu dvīsu yaṃ tayā saddhiṃ maraṇaṃ, tadeva me varaṃ, yaṃ tayā vinā jīveyyaṃ, na me taṃ varanti attho. Ruccateti yā tava gati nipphatti, sāva mayhaṃ ruccati. Sā kathanti samma sumukha mama tāva daḷhena vālapāsena baddhassa parahatthaṃ gatassa sā gati ruccatu, tava pana cetayānassa sacetanassa paññavato muttassa kathaṃ ruccati.
这里说,“大王,我是否应当离开这里,或不离开,我都不会因此而长生不灭;我既已离去,也未曾离去,实则超越死的束缚。过去安乐时所依止的,现在虽痛苦却不会轻易舍弃。”他又说:“死亡是我和她共有的,若与她同死,则我赞成;若与她分离而存活,我则不赞同。那种与你相承的死,我愿意;无你我而活,对我无意义。你所喜欢的归宿令我悦纳。世人言说,正如我口中阻截的坚牢藤蔓般被束缚者,他的归宿令我悦纳;但你那觉悟智慧解脱的念头,又如何令我悦纳呢?”
Pakkhimāti pakkhasampanna. Ubhinnanti amhākaṃ dvinnaṃ jīvitakkhaye sati tvaṃ mama vā tava vā avasiṭṭhañātīnaṃ vā kaṃ atthaṃ passasi. Yaṃ nāti ettha na-kāro upamāne. Kañcanadepiñchāti kañcanadvepiñcha, ayameva vā pāṭho, kañcanasadisaubhayapakkhāti attho. Tamasāti tamasi. Gatanti kataṃ, ayameva vā pāṭho. Purimassa na-kārassa iminā sambandho, ‘‘na kata’’nti kataṃ viyāti attho. Idaṃ vuttaṃ hoti – tayi pāṇaṃ cajantepi acajantepi mama jīvitassa abhāvā yaṃ tava pāṇasañcajanaṃ, taṃ andhena tamasi kataṃ viya kiñcideva rūpakammaṃ apaccakkhaguṇaṃ, tādise tava apaccakkhaguṇe pāṇasañcajane tvaṃ pāṇaṃ sañcajanto kamatthaṃ joteyyāsīti.
“有翼”者,意谓具翼之物。我们两人在生命终结时,你或我,或长者之子,究竟谁有益处?在此无益于用比喻。所谓“金翅鸟”是指羽翼皆呈金色,这就是此句之涵义。黑暗是“黑暗”本身。去世是完成此行,此边不作“非”,而成“肯定”。此意谓,即使双手放下或不放下,我生命之灭绝即是你之杀生,其犹如盲人在黑暗中做任何外相行为,反受恶果。于此邪行中杀害,汝即以杀生利益自己,故应当觉照如是。”
Dhammo apacito santoti dhammo pūjito mānito samāno. Atthaṃ dassetīti vuddhiṃ dasseti. Apekkhānoti apekkhanto. Dhammā catthanti dhammato ca atthaṃ samuṭṭhitaṃ passanto . Bhattinti sinehaṃ. Sataṃ dhammoti paṇḍitānaṃ sabhāvo. Yo mittoti yo mitto āpadāsu mittaṃ na caje, tassa acajantassa mittassa esa sabhāvo nāma addhā sataṃ dhammo. Viditāti pākaṭā jātā. Kāmaṃ karassūti etaṃ mama kāmaṃ mayā icchitaṃ mama vacanaṃ karassu. Api tvevaṃ gate kāleti api tu evaṃ gate kāle mayi imasmiṃ ṭhāne pāsena baddhe. Paramasaṃvutanti paramaparipuṇṇaṃ.
法因尊敬而得尊重,即法受到尊重、受肯定并被恭敬。示现其义,即显扬增长。意为依赖,意即有依止。诸法谓见其内在义理,洞察其中意味。称为持护者。智者常行得其意理。所谓朋友者,是患难时不舍朋友者。其不舍者朋友,即是持护如实正法。明知昭彰。欲求法者,谓我所爱慕之法,请吾言施教。即使在世间相离时亦如是,然我束缚于此地。谓极大满足、充实无缺也。
Iccevaṃ mantayantānanti ‘‘gaccha, na gacchāmī’’ti evaṃ kathentānaṃ ariyānanti ācāraariyānaṃ. Paccadissathāti kāsāyāni nivāsetvā rattamālaṃ piḷandhitvā muggaraṃ ādāya āgacchanto adissatha. Āturānanti gilānānaṃ maccu viya. Abhisañcikkhāti, bhikkhave, te ubhopi sattuṃ āyantaṃ passitvā. Hitāti dīgharattaṃ aññamaññassa hitā muducittā. Na sañcalesumāsanāti āsanato na caliṃsu, yathānisinnāva ahesuṃ. Sumukho pana ‘‘ayaṃ nesādo āgantvā paharanto maṃ paṭhamaṃ paharatū’’ti cintetvā mahāsattaṃ pacchato katvā nisīdi.
如此思量者,即所谓“去,吾不去”,如此言语的,即为圣者、贵贤的行为规范。彼等到达时,衣着僧衣,披挂暗红色袈裟,手持锡杖,步履缓慢,以忧疾之象示现。彼等观察二方力量,肩负彼此利益而非伤害,心胸宽广相亲和。于座不动,姿态端正,正坐状如具足姿势。望向他人心念:“彼等进攻欲害吾者,应该是他先出手”,彼等暗中谋划后方之策而坐。
Dhataraṭṭheti haṃse. Samuḍḍenteti maraṇabhayena ito cito ca uppatante disvā. Āsajjāti itare dve jane upagantvā. Paccakamitthāti ‘‘baddhā, na baddhā’’ti cintento upadhārento akamittha, vegaṃ hāpetvā saṇikaṃ agamāsi. Āsajja baddhamāsīnanti baddhaṃ mahāsattaṃ upagantvā nisinnaṃ sumukhaṃ. Adīnavantiādīnavameva hutvā mahāsattaṃ olokentaṃ disvā. Vimatoti kiṃ nu kho abaddho baddhassa santike nisinno, kāraṇaṃ pucchissāmīti vimatijāto hutvāti attho. Paṇḍareti haṃse, atha vā parisuddhe nimmale, sampahaṭṭhakañcanavaṇṇeti attho. Pavaḍḍhakāyeti vaḍḍhitakāye mahāsarīre. Yaṃ nūti yaṃ tāva eso mahāpāsena baddho. Na kurute disanti palāyanatthāya ekaṃ disaṃ na bhajati, taṃ yuttanti adhippāyo. Balīti balasampanno hutvāpi. Pakkhīti taṃ ālapati. Ohāyāti chaḍḍetvā. Yantīti sesasakuṇā gacchanti. Avahīyasīti ohīyasi.
“鸿”是指天鹅。掘地代表因怕死而忽动身。见死心起,心意悲恐。坐之,指与他人会合。计较“缚”与“未缚”,考虑缓慢,轻松放下速度,而后才来。坐之,即在大主相前,端坐正念。忧虑惶恐如厌恶。思虑,源于害怕,心想:“无缚者坐于缚者旁,何不问故?”故此心境。白色如天鹅,清净无尘,金色七棱状,形色明净。蓄积体魄,即强健之躯。谓是此大主被束缚。无所为作,似乎无意逃离,向一方不停守护,即是统御。力量,意为具有力气。翼,指翅膀也。抛弃,即舍弃。末端羽毛随风而去。弃弃意谓舍弃。
Dijāmittāti dijānaṃ amitta. Yāva kālassa pariyāyanti yāva maraṇassa vāro āgacchati. Kathaṃ panāyanti tvaṃ rājā me soti vadasi, rājāno ca nāma paṇḍitā honti, itipi paṇḍito samāno kena kāraṇena oḍḍitaṃ pāsaṃ na addasa. Padaṃ hetanti yasamahattaṃ vā ñāṇamahattaṃ vā pattānaṃ attano āpadabujjhanaṃ nāma padaṃ kāraṇaṃ, tasmā te āpadaṃ boddhumarahanti. Parābhavoti avaḍḍhi. Āsajjāpīti upagantvāpi na bujjhati. Tatāti vitatā oḍḍitā. Guyhamāsajjāti tesu pāsesu yo guḷho paṭicchanno pāso, taṃ āsajja bajjhanti. Athevanti atha evaṃ jīvitakkhaye bajjhantevāti attho.
「生命」者,指有生命的存有。所谓无生命者,便是无生命的存在。生命之体,直到时间的终结,或者直到死亡的临近而消失。陛下,您是国王,具智慧者,理应知道:明明同为智者,缘何不见解救所生之羁绊?因为那羁绊根源于众多智慧的根由,故名为自身的灾难所感知的由。由此国王您应当觉知此灾难,若不觉知,则谓之「失败」。所谓「失败」者,乃「增长」之意。「不觉知」者,即使近身也不明了。灾难之由,覆盖漫布。所谓隐秘不觉察者,是指被隐蔽覆盖的羁绊。其谓近身,却为羁绊所缠绕,则此为「不觉察」之义。或者说,生命终结之时即被其束缚,此意也如是。
Iti naṃ so kathāsallāpena muduhadayaṃ katvā mahāsattassa jīvitaṃ yācanto gāthamāha –
于是,他以此语音戏谑,动摇众生初心,向大人求生,吟诵诗歌曰——
§25
25.
‘‘Api nāyaṃ tayā saddhiṃ, saṃvāsassa sukhudrayo;
「啊,您莫要与她同住,使我们安乐贫穷;
Api no anumaññāsi, api no jīvitaṃ dade’’ti.
莫要准许她,也不要赐与我们生命。」
Tattha api nāyanti api nu ayaṃ. Sukhudrayoti sukhaphalo. Api no anumaññāsīti cittakūṭaṃ gantvā ñātake passituṃ tvaṃ api no anujāneyyāsi. Api no jīvitaṃ dadeti api no imāya kathāya uppannavissāso na māreyyāsīti.
其中「莫要」指不愿意,是否定词。所谓「安乐贫穷」者,谓安稳而成果贫乏。你若前往山上访问亲属,必然应予准许。言「请勿赐我生命」,是指对所生之事生起不信任心,不愿存活于此。
So tassa madhurakathāya bajjhitvā gāthamāha –
于是他以甜言蜜语诱惑,吟咏诗歌曰——
§26
26.
‘‘Na ceva me tvaṃ baddhosi, napi icchāmi te vadhaṃ;
‘我从未束缚过你,也不愿意杀你;
Kāmaṃ khippamito gantvā, jīva tvaṃ anigho cira’’nti.
欲望速速消散之后,你将长久安稳地存活。’
Tato sumukho catasso gāthā abhāsi –
于是,苏摩呼诵出了四句偈颂——
§27
27.
‘‘Nevāhametamicchāmi , aññatretassa jīvitā;
‘我并不贪求它,也不想改变他的生命;
Sace ekena tuṭṭhosi, muñcetaṃ mañca bhakkhaya.
如果你对他满意,就应放下执着,不要杀害他。’
§28
28.
‘‘Ārohapariṇāhena, tulyāsmā vayasā ubho;
‘因年龄相仿,我们二人同寿。’
Na te lābhena jīvatthi, etena niminā tuvaṃ.
你以此所得为生,不当因此而倒转自己。
§29
29.
‘‘Tadiṅgha samapekkhassu, hotu giddhi tavamhasu;
愿你能够持心平等,不为我等而自满;
Maṃ pubbe bandha pāsena, pacchā muñca dijādhipaṃ.
我先前受缚于羁绊之后,已将天主彼岸舍弃。
§30
30.
‘‘Tāvadeva ca te lābho, katāssa yācanāya ca;
这便是你的所得,也是你所求之物;
Mitti ca dhataraṭṭhehi, yāvajīvāya te siyā’’ti.
愿你与此土以及诸国共生,至终其生。
Tattha etanti yaṃ aññatra etassa jīvitā mama jīvitaṃ, etaṃ ahaṃ neva icchāmi. Tulyāsmāti samānā homa. Niminā tuvanti parivattehi tvaṃ. Tavamhasūti tava amhesu giddhi hotu, kiṃ te etena, mayi lobhaṃ uppādehīti vadati. Tāvadevāti tattakoyeva. Yācanāya cāti yā mama yācanā, sāva katā assāti attho.
所谓『那里』,除彼地之生命外,我本不欲此生命。愿我等同心如一。『以此倒转』者,谓你因变易而倒转。『你于我等』,愿你于我们中自满。言者谓:因此何所为,贪欲于我生起。所谓『这便是』,即实指此。『所求之物』意指这是我所求之物,作用已成。
Iti so tāya dhammadesanāya tele pakkhittakappāsapicu viya mudugatahadayo mahāsattaṃ tassa dāyaṃ katvā dadanto āha –
于是他为这教法,如两翼之猪革般粗糙坚硬之大心大力,许下此约,给予馈赠,并说道——
§31
31.
‘‘Passantu no mahāsaṅghā, tayā muttaṃ ito gataṃ;
“愿众大僧团观看,因她从此已获解脱;
Mittāmaccā ca bhaccā ca, puttadārā ca bandhavā.
朋友孩童仆人,儿子女儿亲属亦然。
§32
32.
‘‘Na ca te tādisā mittā, bahūnaṃ idha vijjati;
“而你这般的朋友,在此处并非众多;正如你乃他国之可靠之手足敌友。
Yathā tvaṃ dhataraṭṭhassa, pāṇasādhāraṇo sakhā.
正如你是陀多罗刹共患难的挚友。
§33
33.
‘‘So te sahāyaṃ muñcāmi, hotu rājā tavānugo;
“我放弃与你为伴,愿你成为国王之后追随者。”
Kāmaṃ khippamito gantvā, ñātimajjhe virocathā’’ti.
因迅速离欲,如同在亲族之间明亮自在。
Tattha noti nipātamattaṃ. Tayā muttanti imañhi tvaññeva muñcasi nāma, tasmā imaṃ tayā muttaṃ ito cittakūṭapabbataṃ gataṃ mahantā ñātisaṅghā ete ca mittādayo passantu. Ettha ca bandhavāti ekalohitasambandhā. Vijjatīti vijjanti. Pāṇasādhāraṇoti sādhāraṇapāṇo avibhattajīviko, yathā tvaṃ etassa sakhā, etādisā aññesaṃ bahūnaṃ mittā nāma na vijjanti. Tavānugoti etaṃ dukkhitaṃ ādāya purato gacchantassa tava ayaṃ anugo hotūti.
此处非仅止于词尾的附加。因为借由此字,众生得解脱,你正是将其放下,故此以此字为解脱。由此,彼从此解脱,前往心山大林,于大亲族群中,众多朋友等皆有所见。此处“亲属”指一铁血族群。‘有’谓存在、已知。所谓一般人者,谓未分裂生存之普通人,正如你是其友,此类众多朋友他人未曾知晓。‘随从’谓带着此痛苦,与你同行者即是你的随从。
Evaṃ vatvā pana nesādaputto mettacittena mahāsattaṃ upasaṅkamitvā bandhanaṃ chinditvā āliṅgitvā sarato nikkhāmetvā saratīre taruṇadabbatiṇapiṭṭhe nisīdāpetvā pāde bandhanapāsaṃ muducittena saṇikaṃ mocetvā dūre khipitvā mahāsatte balavasinehaṃ paccupaṭṭhāpetvā mettacittena udakaṃ ādāya lohitaṃ dhovitvā punappunaṃ parimajji. Tassa mettacittānubhāvena bodhisattassa pāde sirā sirāhi, maṃsaṃ maṃsena, cammaṃ cammena ghaṭitaṃ, tāvadeva pādo saṃruḷho sañjātachavisañjātalomo ahosi abaddhapādena nibbiseso. Bodhisatto sukhito pakatibhāveneva nisīdi. Atha sumukho attānaṃ nissāya mahāsattassa sukhitabhāvaṃ disvā sañjātasomanasso nesādassa thutimakāsi. Tamatthaṃ pakāsento satthā āha –
说至此,尼萨陀子怀慈心,近前接近大人,斩断束缚,怀抱之,带他出深渊,于岸边树荫处安坐,足上解开缚索,释怀心,远抛束缚。安置大人于此,怀慈心取水,涤血重覆擦拭。因慈心,菩萨之足如头配头,以肉配肉,以皮配皮,彼足如凝聚毛发,有缠结刺异,有未合足迹。菩萨安然欢喜,明显坐定。此时苏摩哥依靠自己之感受,见大人欢喜,心生慰藉,赞诗颂之。为此,尊者显扬说:
§34
34.
‘‘So patīto pamuttena, bhattunā bhattugāravo;
‘彼已倒地得解脱,由仆人恭敬主人;
Ajjhabhāsatha vakkaṅgo, vācaṃ kaṇṇasukhaṃ bhaṇaṃ.
今日发言轻巧,语声悦耳且动听。
§35
35.
‘‘Evaṃ luddaka nandassu, saha sabbehi ñātibhi;
‘如是,卢达迦·难陀,与所有亲族共处;
Yathāhamajja nandāmi, muttaṃ disvā dijādhipa’’nti.
如我欢喜于此,睹见自由自在的天地王者。
Tattha vakkaṅgoti vaṅkagīvo.
此处称为‘曲肢’者,即肢体弯曲之意。
Evaṃ luddassa thutiṃ katvā sumukho bodhisattaṃ āha – ‘‘mahārāja, iminā amhākaṃ mahāupakāro kato, ayañhi amhākaṃ vacanaṃ akatvā kīḷāhaṃse no katvā issarānaṃ dento bahuṃ dhanaṃ labheyya, māretvā maṃsaṃ vikkiṇanto mūlampi labhetha, attano pana jīvitaṃ anoloketvā amhākaṃ vacanaṃ akari , imaṃ rañño santikaṃ netvā sukhajīvitaṃ karomā’’ti. Mahāsatto sampaṭicchi. Sumukho attano bhāsāya mahāsattena saddhiṃ kathetvā puna manussabhāsāya luddaputtaṃ āmantetvā ‘‘samma, tvaṃ kimatthaṃ pāse oḍḍesī’’ti pucchitvā ‘‘dhanattha’’nti vutte ‘‘evaṃ sante amhe ādāya nagaraṃ pavisitvā rañño dassehi, bahuṃ te dhanaṃ dāpessāmī’’ti vatvā āha –
如此,路达遂称赞后,苏摩胁即谓菩萨曰:『大王,既有此大恩惠于我等,汝不从我等言,戏弄我等,岂非当得诸尊主所赐多宝丰富乎?既无杀害、亦无肉食交易之行,甚至根本亦可获得。然吾自视生命不重,自违我等言,奉领王旁,安乐生活。』伟大勇士遂至。苏摩胁以其言与伟大勇士共语,继以人语召唤路达子,问曰:「诚乎,子为何故困扰?」答曰:「财利。」彼言:「诸事如此,我等携汝入城,当王面前宣示,许予汝多宝。」于是言曰——
§36
36.
‘‘Ehi taṃ anusikkhāmi, yathā tvamapi lacchase;
「来,我授汝教诲,愿依尔所得,
Lābhaṃ tavāyaṃ dhataraṭṭho, pāpaṃ kiñci na dakkhati.
此财富将为尔家邦所用,恶事绝不临身。」
§37
37.
‘‘Khippamantepuraṃ netvā, rañño dassehi no ubho;
「速携至城,王前现两重财富;」
Abaddhe pakatibhūte, kāje ubhayato ṭhite.
当敌军阵列整齐地显现时,双方均立于战场上。
§38
38.
‘‘Dhataraṭṭhā mahārāja, haṃsādhipatino ime;
“大国王啊,这两位是天鹅之主:
Ayañhi rājā haṃsānaṃ, ayaṃ senāpatītaro.
此人是天鹅王,此人是军队统帅。
§39
39. ‘‘Asaṃsayaṃ imaṃ disvā, haṃsarājaṃ narādhipo.
39. “无疑地,看到这场景,作为人主者应当知道天鹅王。
Patīto sumano vitto, bahuṃ dassati te dhana’’nti.
心情愉悦,财富丰饶,必然向你展现大量财宝。”
Tattha anusikkhāmīti anusāsāmi. Pāpanti lāmakaṃ. Rañño dassehi no ubhoti amhe ubhopi rañño dassehi. Ayaṃ bodhisattassa paññāpabhāvadassanatthaṃ, attano mittadhammassa āvibhāvanatthaṃ, luddassa dhanalābhatthaṃ, rañño sīlesu patiṭṭhāpanatthañcāti catūhi kāraṇehi evamāha. Dhataraṭṭhāti netvā ca pana rañño evaṃ ācikkheyyāsi, ‘‘mahārāja, ime dhataraṭṭhakule jātā dve haṃsādhipatino, etesu ayaṃ rājā, itaro senāpatī’’ti. Iti naṃ sikkhāpesi. ‘‘Patīto’’tiādīni tīṇipi tuṭṭhākāravevacanāneva.
对此,我奉劝称之为“劝诫”。这是一种指引。意指请国王观察我们双方,我等亦当被国王察见。此言为菩萨修行成就智慧开显之用,亦为显露自己朋友道德规行,及为获得财富之资,且为确立国王之德行,缘由共四。虽称“大国王”,实为劝诫国王应如此训诲:“大国王啊,在‘大国之中’生起二位天鹅之王,一是国王,一是军队元帅。”乃是对他的训导。“心境愉悦”等三句,仅是表达满意的陈述语。
Evaṃ vutte luddo, ‘‘sāmi, mā vo rājadassanaṃ rucci, rājāno nāma calacittā, kīḷāhaṃse vā vo kareyyuṃ mārāpeyyuṃ vā’’ti vatvā, ‘‘samma, mā bhāyi, ahaṃ tādisaṃ kakkhaḷaṃ luddaṃ lohitapāṇiṃ dhammakathāya mudukaṃ katvā mama pādesu pātesiṃ, rājāno nāma puññavanto paññavanto ca subhāsitadubbhāsitaññū ca, khippaṃ amhe rañño dassehī’’ti vutte ‘‘tena hi mā mayhaṃ kujjhittha, ahaṃ avassaṃ tumhākaṃ ruciyā nemī’’ti vatvā ubhopi kājaṃ āropetvā rājakulaṃ gantvā rañño dassetvā raññā puṭṭho yathābhūtaṃ ārocesi. Tamatthaṃ pakāsento satthā āha –
如是说时,卢陀说:『主人,不要让你等喜悦国王的显现,国王本是心念多变者,像戏弄的天鹅或会戏弄你们,或会伤害你们。』说完,又说:『是的,不必害怕,我已用如是坚硬、血手之卢陀,成为法义的喻器,敲击自己双足,国王实是善行者、智慧者,能明辨善恶,善于说正言反言者,不久我们就将见王。』说后,彼此共事,前往王宫,见国王,将事实如实陈述。为了说明此事,师长说:
§40
40.
‘‘Tassa taṃ vacanaṃ sutvā, kammunā upapādayi;
『闻其言语,业力遂生;
Khippamantepuraṃ gantvā, rañño haṃse adassayi;
速至宫殿,向王显现其状;
Abaddhe pakatibhūte, kāje ubhayato ṭhite.
言无虚妄,公开明确,立于双方事务之间。
§41
41.
‘‘Dhataraṭṭhā mahārāja, haṃsādhipatino ime;
大国之主,天鹅之首领者,
Ayañhi rājā haṃsānaṃ, ayaṃ senāpatītaro;
此国王即是天鹅之军中另一统领;
§42
42.
‘‘Kathaṃ panime vihaṅgā, tava hatthattamāgatā;
云何乎,这些飞鸟,已至你掌中?
Kathaṃ luddo mahantānaṃ, issare idha ajjhagā.
云何呢,这些大鸟,竟在此处相争相斗?
§43
43.
‘‘Vihitā santime pāsā, pallalesu janādhipa;
设有世间已立之网罗,在细枝上由人君设立;
Yaṃ yadāyatanaṃ maññe, dijānaṃ pāṇarodhanaṃ.
彼等各持一处,我以为是生者之手所制的障碍。
§44
44.
‘‘Tādisaṃ pāsamāsajja, haṃsarājā abajjhatha;
如是围网既被安置,天鹅王即为束缚;
Taṃ abaddho upāsino, mamāyaṃ ajjhabhāsatha.
此束缚未被解脱的追随者,于此时亦对我如是言说。
§45
45.
‘‘Sudukkaraṃ anariyebhi, dahate bhāvamuttamaṃ;
‘困苦难忍者,非圣人所为,烧尽了最深的生命本质;
Bhatturatthe parakkanto, dhammayutto vihaṅgamo.
如夜奔的猎鹰,具足法力,飞翔自在。
§46
46.
‘‘Attanāyaṃ cajitvāna, jīvitaṃ jīvitāraho;
‘舍弃自身以后,生活失去保障;仍坐于此,向他乞求生命。
Anutthunanto āsīno, bhattu yācittha jīvitaṃ.
‘不敢起身,坐着乞讨生命。
§47
47.
‘‘Tassa taṃ vacanaṃ sutvā, pasādamahamajjhagā;
‘闻其言辞,心生欢喜;
Tato naṃ pāmuciṃ pāsā, anuññāsiṃ sukhena ca.
于是解开缠绕之锁,心知安乐,无忧无惧。
§48
48.
‘‘So patīto pamuttena, bhattunā bhattugāravo;
‘‘因此,主人便因宠爱宠主,心自安适;
Ajjhabhāsatha vakkaṅgo, vācaṃ kaṇṇasukhaṃ bhaṇaṃ.
今日你们说得合适,言语悦耳,令听者欢喜。
§49
49.
‘‘Evaṃ luddaka nandassu, saha sabbehi ñātibhi;
‘‘这样,小孩与诸亲族一同欢喜,
Yathāhamajja nandāmi, muttaṃ disvā dijādhipaṃ.
正如我欢喜见到自由、光明的世间主宰。
§50
50.
‘‘Ehi taṃ anusikkhāmi, yathā tvamapi lacchase;
‘‘来吧,我现教导你,如你所愿,
Lābhaṃ tavāyaṃ dhataraṭṭho, pāpaṃ kiñci na dakkhati.
此财富属于你,行善者不会见恶。
§51
51.
‘‘Khippamantepuraṃ netvā, rañño dassehi no ubho;
「迅速地带上城堡,显现在国王面前,请陛下观看我们二者;
Abaddhe pakatibhūte, kāje ubhayato ṭhite.
明确无误地呈现出来,双方皆站立于现场。」
§52
52.
‘‘Dhataraṭṭhā mahārāja, haṃsādhipatino ime;
「诸位大国王,天鹅领主诸位,
Ayañhi rājā haṃsānaṃ, ayaṃ senāpatītaro.
此即为天鹅们的国王,此人便是军队统帅。」
§53
53.
‘‘Asaṃsayaṃ imaṃ disvā, haṃsarājaṃ narādhipo;
「无疑,见到此情此景,人间诸王已成为天鹅王的臣属;
Patīto sumano vitto, bahuṃ dassati te dhanaṃ.
既有富有又欢喜,展现出丰厚的财富。」
§54
54.
‘‘Evametassa vacanā, ānītāme ubho mayā;
「以上所述言教,俱由我二人共同宣说,
Ettheva hi ime āsuṃ, ubho anumatā mayā.
正如实情,彼此心意相应,二者皆由我所认可。」
§55
55.
‘‘Soyaṃ evaṃ gato pakkhī, dijo paramadhammiko;
「彼正如是离去的飞鸟,本性极为高洁;
Mādisassa hi luddassa, janayeyyātha maddavaṃ.
若非迟钝愚昧者,必能生起温和慈柔。」
§56
56.
‘‘Upāyanañca te deva, nāññaṃ passāmi edisaṃ;
「天人且归于此去处,我未见他处有此;
Sabbasākuṇikāgāme, taṃ passa manujādhipā’’ti.
于诸有羽鸟之乡,于此我见人主如是。」
Tattha kammunā upapādayīti yaṃ so avaca, taṃ karonto kāyakammena sampādesi. Gantvāti haṃsarājena nisinnakājakoṭiṃ uccataraṃ, senāpatinā nisinnakājakoṭiṃ thokaṃ nīcaṃ katvā ubhopi te ukkhipitvā ‘‘haṃsarājā ca senāpati ca rājānaṃ passituṃ gacchanti, ussaratha ussarathā’’ti janaṃ ussārento ‘‘evarūpā nāma sobhaggappattā suvaṇṇavaṇṇā haṃsarājāno na diṭṭhapubbā’’ti muduhadayesu manussesu pasaṃsantesu khippamantepuraṃ gantvā. Adassayīti ‘‘haṃsarājāno tumhe daṭṭhuṃ āgatā’’ti rañño ārocāpetvā tena tuṭṭhacittena ‘‘āgacchantū’’ti pakkosāpito abhiharitvā dassesi. Hatthattanti hatthesu āgataṃ, pattanti vuttaṃ hoti. Mahantānanti yasamahantappattānaṃ suvaṇṇavaṇṇānaṃ dhataraṭṭhahaṃsānaṃ issare sāmino kathaṃ tvaṃ luddo hutvā adhigatoti pucchati. ‘‘Issaramidhamajjhagā’’tipi pāṭho, etesaṃ issariyaṃ tvaṃ kathaṃ ajjhagāti attho.
此处所说‘由业而生’者,乃指他以身业进行所致。所谓‘往赴’,譬如天鹅王端坐于军伍阵列之前,将军则使部分军伍阵列稍稍后撤,二者皆挺身而起,说‘天鹅王与将军均将前往观视国王,车驾车驾’时,人们鼓舞振奋,称赞说‘天鹅王等光辉显现,金色光辉闪耀者,前所未见’。于是匆匆前往温暖之城见之。‘显现’意谓‘天鹅王已前来示现’由国王所命,众心欢喜,命令‘前来吧’,乃显现。所谓‘臂臂’,谓至于臂膀。所谓‘广大’,谓广大显赫的金色雄天鹅之尊主。如其问曰‘尊主此中为何以轻慢之态获得’?“尊主此助威”此段教义,意指你如何在此处助威?
Vihitāti yojitā. Yaṃ yadāyatanaṃ maññeti, mahārāja, yaṃ yaṃ samosaraṇaṭṭhānaṃ dijānaṃ pāṇarodhanaṃ jīvitakkhayakaraṃ maññāmi, tattha tattha mayā pallalesu pāsā vihitā. Tādisanti mānusiyasare tathāvidhaṃ pāṇarodhanaṃ mayā vihitaṃ pāsaṃ. Tanti taṃ etaṃ tattha baddhaṃ. Upāsinoti attano jīvitaṃ agaṇetvā upagantvā nisinno. Mamāyanti maṃ ayaṃ senāpati ajjhabhāsatha, mayā saddhiṃ kathesi. Sudukkaranti tasmiṃ khaṇe esa amhādisehi anariyehi sudukkaraṃ akāsi. Kiṃ tanti? Dahate bhāvamuttamaṃ, attano uttamaṃ ajjhāsayaṃ dahati vidahati pakāseti. Attanāyanti attano ayaṃ. Anutthunantoti bhattuguṇe vaṇṇento tassa jīvitaṃ muñcāti maṃ yāci.
所谓‘安排’即指安置。大王啊,谓我视各所处之地,诸如天敌所至、生命断绝之处,则我以囚笼设置陷阱。如此乃是在人世间以各类生命断绝之处设诱捕之网。这即是被绑缚之处。谓‘上座’,乃弃舍性命,纳身至此而坐。他谓我说‘此将军今日对话不顺,与吾等非人类之辈为难’。‘为何?’答曰‘此焰燃最强烈,焚烧并净化其心志。此身杀身不惜。’‘非否认’,饶舌辩解者说‘我愿放弃生命’诚恳请求我。
Tassāti tassa tathā yācantassa. Sukhena cāti yathāsukhena cittakūṭaṃ gantvā ñātisaṅghaṃ passathāti ca anujāniṃ. Ettheva hīti mayā pana ime dve ettha mānusiyasareyeva cittakūṭagamanāya anumatā ahesuṃ. Evaṃ gatoti evaṃ sattu hatthagato. Janayeyyātha maddavanti attani mettacittaṃ janesi. Upāyananti paṇṇākāraṃ. Sabbasākuṇikāgāmeti sabbasmimpi sākuṇikagāme nāhaṃ aññaṃ tava evarūpaṃ kenaci sākuṇikena ābhatapubbaṃ upāyanaṃ passāmi. Taṃ passāti taṃ mayā ābhataṃ upāyanaṃ passa manujādhipāti.
谓‘彼之’,即彼人之所求也。谓‘乐也’,即依乐状态至心山,观察亲族会合,此乃证实。此处,他我共享所见,前往心山之行被认可。如此行进,乃如象之行。谓‘应产生慈心,生柔和善意’。谓‘达致’,指到邻近村落。谓‘所有家禽之地’,即各乡村,非他乡也。有此种邻处之见,我自觉所见邻处。见彼处即我所见,此乃人主之处。
Evaṃ so ṭhitakova sumukhassa guṇaṃ kathesi. Tato rājā haṃsarañño mahārahaṃ āsanaṃ, sumukhassa ca suvaṇṇabhaddapīṭhakaṃ dāpetvā tesaṃ tattha nisinnānaṃ suvaṇṇabhājanehi lājamadhuphāṇitādīni dāpetvā niṭṭhite pānabhojanakicce añjaliṃ paggayha mahāsattaṃ dhammakathaṃ yācitvā suvaṇṇapīṭhake nisīdi. So tena yācito paṭisanthāraṃ tāva akāsi. Tamatthaṃ pakāsento satthā āha –
于是,他如坚固之石,述说面善之者品质。随后,国王赐予天鹅王极其宏大座位及面善者黄金宝座,赐予其坐,赐饮食,以蜂蜜等充供。饮食之事毕,请其授法,坐于黄金宝座之上。所请之内容,曾传承多时。为此,释尊说明—
§57
57.
‘‘Disvā nisinnaṃ rājānaṃ, pīṭhe sovaṇṇaye subhe;
‘见坐于黄金华座上的王,仪态庄严艳丽;
Ajjhabhāsatha vakkaṅgo, vācaṃ kaṇṇasukhaṃ bhaṇaṃ.
前来对话者雄辩善言,言辞悦耳动听。’
§58
58.
‘‘Kacci nu bhoto kusalaṃ, kacci bhoto anāmayaṃ;
「请问汝等,有何善法存在?有何无病之法常存?
Kacci raṭṭhamidaṃ phītaṃ, dhammena manusāsasi.
何以此国安乐?以法为政而使人归顺乎?」
§59
59.
‘‘Kusalañceva me haṃsa, atho haṃsa anāmayaṃ;
「善法如我此天鹅,或此天鹅健旺无患;
Atho raṭṭhamidaṃ phītaṃ, dhammena manusāsahaṃ.
或此国安乐,皆因以法治理而使人民顺从。」
§60
60.
‘‘Kacci bhoto amaccesu, doso koci na vijjati;
「请问你们,在人间世,无有一人无烦恼乎?
Kacci ca te tavatthesu, nāvakaṅkhanti jīvitaṃ.
或你们那些地方,没有人怀念生命乎?」
§61
61.
‘‘Athopi me amaccesu, doso koci na vijjati;
「又若在我身上,没有任何过失存在;
Athopi te mamatthesu, nāvakaṅkhanti jīvitaṃ.
又若在你心中,也不会希望获取生命。」
§62
62.
‘‘Kacci te sādisī bhariyā, assavā piyabhāṇinī;
「或者你有一位相似的妻子,热爱你、善于语言,
Puttarūpayasūpetā, tava chandavasānugā.
形如子女般地依附于你,随从你的愿望和欲望。
§63
63.
‘‘Atho me sādisī bhariyā, assavā piyabhāṇinī;
或者我有一位相似的妻子,热爱我、善于语言,
Puttarūpayasūpetā, mama chandavasānugā’’ti.
形如子女般地依附于我,随着我的愿望和欲望。」
Tattha rājānanti sāgalarājānaṃ. Vakkaṅgoti haṃsarājā. Dhammena manusāsasīti dhammena anusāsasi. Dosoti aparādho. Tavatthesūti uppannesu tava yuddhādīsu atthesu. Nāvakaṅkhantīti uraṃ datvā pariccajantā kicci attano jīvitaṃ na patthenti, jīvitañca cajitvā tavevatthaṃ karonti. Sādisīti samānajātikā. Assavāti vacanasampaṭicchikā. Puttarūpayasūpetāti puttehi ca rūpena ca yasena ca upetā. Tava chandavasānugāti kacci tava ajjhāsayaṃ tava vasaṃ anuvattati, na attano cittavasena vattatīti pucchati.
其中,『王』者,沙咖拉王也。『瓦咖昂咖』者,雁王也。『以法教诫』者,以法训导也。『过失』者,罪愆也。『于汝之事』者,于所生起的汝之战事等诸事也。『不渴望』者,谓挺胸舍身者不求自身生命,舍弃生命而成就汝之事也。『同类』者,同种族也。『听从语言』者,受纳言教者也。『具足子嗣、容色与名望』者,具备儿子、容色与名望也。『随顺汝之意愿』者,问:彼等是否随顺汝之意愿与心志而行,而非随自心意志行事?
Evaṃ bodhisattena paṭisanthāre kate puna rājā tena saddhiṃ kathento āha –
如此,菩萨再三商议,国王与其言语共商,乃开口说道——
§64
64.
‘‘Bhavantaṃ kacci nu mahā-sattuhatthattataṃ gato;
“不知尊者是否真正具备大丈夫之力?
Dukkhamāpajji vipulaṃ, tasmiṃ paṭhamamāpade.
巨大的苦难已临,且处于最初的危难之中。
§65
65.
‘‘Kacci yantāpatitvāna, daṇḍena samapothayi;
是否曾遭遇不幸,遭受处罚?
Evametesaṃ jammānaṃ, pātikaṃ bhavati tāvade.
如此生者的出生,于此时正遭此难境。”
§66
66.
‘‘Khemamāsi mahārāja, evamāpadiyā sati;
『大王,汝应如此而住,正念常存于此境界中,』
Na cāyaṃ kiñci rasmāsu, sattūva samapajjatha.
『不可让此片刻有丝毫疏忽,应如实地全神贯注。』
§67
67.
‘‘Paccagamittha nesādo, pubbeva ajjhabhāsatha;
『先前诸人从未有过懈怠,此刻亦正言明,』
Tadāyaṃ sumukhoyeva, paṇḍito paccabhāsatha.
『彼时智者正如颜悦色,亲切地言说一切。』
§68
68.
‘‘Tassa taṃ vacanaṃ sutvā, pasādamayamajjhagā;
『彼已闻其言语,心生欢喜安稳,』
Tato maṃ pāmucī pāsā, anuññāsi sukhena ca.
『于是解开束缚,放我自由,且彼乐意如是。』
§69
69.
‘‘Idañca sumukheneva, etadatthāya cintitaṃ;
『此乃勇猛者亲自』,此为此事之思惟。
Bhoto sakāsegamanaṃ, etassa dhanamicchatā.
『汝应于彼时来至吾辈处』,此为钱财之所欲。
§70
70.
‘‘Svāgatañcevidaṃ bhavataṃ, patīto casmi dassanā;
『迎接汝者亦复如是,汝今来临我前』,此即观见已堕之意;
Eso cāpi bahuṃ vittaṃ, labhataṃ yāvadicchatī’’ti.
『此人虽多财富,终得此量』。
Tattha mahāsattuhatthattataṃ gatoti mahantassa sattuno hatthattaṃ gato. Āpatitvānāti upadhāvitvā. Pātikanti pākatikaṃ, ayameva vā pāṭho. Idaṃ vuttaṃ hoti – etesañhi jammānaṃ tāvadeva evaṃ pākatikaṃ hoti, sakuṇe daṇḍena pothetvā jīvitakkhayaṃ pāpento dhanavetanaṃ labhatīti. Kiñci rasmāsūti kiñci amhesu. Sattūvāti sattu viya. Paccagamitthāti, mahārāja, esa amhe disvā baddhāti saññāya thokaṃ osakkittha. Pubbevāti ayameva paṭhamaṃ ajjhabhāsi. Tadāti tasmiṃ kāle. Etadatthāyāti etassa nesādaputtassa atthāya cintitaṃ. Dhanamicchatāti etassa dhanaṃ icchantena tava santikaṃ amhākaṃ āgamanaṃ cintitaṃ. Svāgatañcevidanti mā bhonto cintayantu, bhavataṃ idaṃ idhāgamanaṃ svāgatameva. Labhatanti labhatu.
其中,『趋至大士之手中』者,趋至伟大众生之掌控中也。『奔驰而来』者,急速趋近也。『寻常』者,本来如此;或即此读法。此所言者——对于此等卑劣之人,其寻常所为即是如此:以棍棒击打鸟类致其毙命,从而获取钱财报酬也。『于我等之中』者,于我等也。『如敌』者,如敌人一般也。『退却了些许』者,大王,此人见我等,以为我等已被捕,故稍稍退后也。『先于他人』者,此人最先开口说话也。『于彼时』者,在那时也。『为此目的』者,为此猎人之子的目的而谋划也。『欲得财物』者,欲得此人财物,故谋划前来汝处也。『若蒙善待』者,诸位勿忧虑,诸位此次到来实为善来也。『令其得』者,令其获得也。
Evañca pana vatvā rājā aññataraṃ amaccaṃ oloketvā ‘‘kiṃ karomi devā’’ti vutte ‘‘imaṃ nesādaṃ kappitakesamassuṃ nhātānulittaṃ sabbālaṅkārapaṭimaṇḍitaṃ kāretvā ānehī’’ti vatvā tena tathā katvā ānītassa tassa saṃvacchare saṃvacchare satasahassuṭṭhānakaṃ gāmaṃ, dve vīthiyo gahetvā ṭhitaṃ mahantaṃ gehaṃ, rathavarañca, aññañca bahuṃ hiraññasuvaṇṇaṃ adāsi. Tamatthaṃ āvikaronto satthā āha –
如是言毕,国王视察他方青年,问:「我应如何行之,天神乎?」答曰:「请为此无家游民缝制纯白长袍及华丽装饰快请迎来。」遂依此为之,每年于年节时节,建造一千户庄村,置两条道路,立宏大宅第,赐予众多黄金珠宝。由此,兴起师者告语众生——
§71
71.
‘‘Santappayitvā nesādaṃ, bhogehi manujādhipo;
‘’诸君,作为人的首领,须以丰富的器具来安抚此坐者;
Ajjhabhāsatha vakkaṅgaṃ, vācaṃ kaṇṇasukhaṃ bhaṇa’’nti.
应当如是对其众多个体,发出如甘露般令耳悦的言语。’
Atha mahāsatto rañño dhammaṃ desesi. So tassa dhammakathaṃ sutvā tuṭṭhahadayo ‘‘dhammakathikassa sakkāraṃ karissāmī’’ti setacchattaṃ datvā rajjaṃ paṭicchāpento āha –
这时,伟大的觉者开始向国王讲述法义。他听闻法义后,心中欢喜,于是想要为讲法者提供供养,便将自己的权位让与他人,并说道:
§72
72.
‘‘Yaṃ khalu dhammamādhīnaṃ, vaso vattati kiñcanaṃ;
‘’实际上,若是遵循法的范畴,任何事情都可以效仿;
Sabbatthissariyaṃ bhavataṃ, pasāsatha yadicchatha.
希望你们全都能够各自实现一切安宁,听从自己所愿望的。’
§73
73.
‘‘Dānatthaṃ upabhottuṃ vā, yaṃ caññaṃ upakappati;
‘’或是为了施舍而享受,这些事都是耳目所能接触的;
Etaṃ dadāmi vo vittaṃ, issariyaṃ vissajāmi vo’’ti.
我将这财物赋予你们,并将我所拥有的权柄放弃给你们。
Tattha vaso vattatīti yattha mama vaso vattati. Kiñcananti taṃ appamattakampi. Sabbatthissariyanti sabbaṃ bhavataṃyeva issariyaṃ atthu. Yaṃ caññaṃ upakappatīti puññakāmatāya dānatthaṃ vā chattaṃ ussāpetvā rajjameva upabhottuṃ vā yaṃ vā aññaṃ tumhākaṃ ruccati, taṃ karotha, etaṃ dadāmi vo vittaṃ, saddhiṃyeva setacchattena mama santakaṃ issariyaṃ vissajjāmi voti.
「权柄所在」者,即我居住执持之处。一点财物都算不上丰盛,权柄遍及一切,实为你们的专属。若有他物能增进福德或可用于布施,或能够撑起伞盖、或者像绳索一样可供使用,亦或其他你们喜欢的物件,请取用。对此我说:这是我赐予你们的财富,同时也将我的亲手制成的白伞和权柄一并交予你们,予以放弃。
Atha mahāsatto raññā dinnaṃ setacchattaṃ puna tasseva adāsi. Rājāpi cintesi – ‘‘haṃsarañño tāva me dhammakathā sutā, luddaputtena pana ‘ayaṃ sumukho mudhurakatho’ti ativiya vaṇṇito, imassapi dhammakathaṃ sossāmī’’ti. So tena saddhiṃ sallapanto anantaraṃ gāthamāha –
于是那位伟丈夫将那白伞再次交给女王。国王心念:『鸿雁之王曾听闻佛法,而砺达人子被称为“妙口善语”,其所讲说之佛法绝非凡响,我将聆听此法。』他与那人一同言语后,随即吟诵诗赞:
§74
74.
‘‘Yathā ca myāyaṃ sumukho, ajjhabhāseyya paṇḍito;
『正如我深爱的妙口者,具足智慧以为对话良师;
Kāmasā buddhisampanno, taṃ myāssa paramappiya’’nti.
充满欲乐而智慧圆满,乃我心中至爱也。』
Tattha yathāti yadi. Idaṃ vuttaṃ hoti – yadi ca me ayaṃ sumukho paṇḍito buddhisampanno kāmasā attano ruciyā ajjhabhāseyya, taṃ me paramappiyaṃ assāti.
此中『正如』意指所说内容为:若此妙口者确实为智慧圆满、具禅悦者,今对我说法,乃我所极爱侍奉者。
Tato sumukho āha –
尔时,苏摩呼者说:
§75
75.
‘‘Ahaṃ khalu mahārāja, nāgarājārivantaraṃ;
‘我实是,大王,诸天王之间,
Paṭivattuṃ na sakkomi, na me so vinayo siyā.
不能反驳,也无此律制。
§76
76.
‘‘Amhākañceva so seṭṭho, tvañca uttamasattavo;
我们当中谁为最胜,你亦为上等众生;
Bhūmipālo manussindo, pūjā bahūhi hetubhi.
土地主,众人之王,因多种因缘受敬重。
§77
77.
‘‘Tesaṃ ubhinnaṃ bhaṇataṃ, vattamāne vinicchaye;
关于这两者之间说法,基于现时的探究,
Nantaraṃ pativattabbaṃ, pessena manujādhipā’’ti.
继而应顺从的是,称为人王的佩娑。
Tattha nāgarājārivantaranti peḷāya abbhantaraṃ paviṭṭho nāgarājā viya. Paṭivattunti tumhākaṃ dvinnaṃ antare vattuṃ na sakkomi. Na me soti sace vadeyyaṃ, na me so vinayo bhaveyya. Amhākañcevāti channavutiyā haṃsasahassānaṃ. Uttamasattavoti uttamasatto. Pūjāti ubho tumhe mayhaṃ bahūhi kāraṇehi pūjārahā ceva pasaṃsārahā ca. Pessenāti veyyāvaccakarena sevakena.
此中所谓『那迦王王领』者,如同进入深厚水域之那迦王一般。至于『应顺从』,我二人中间不便多言。即使有什么说辞,也不愿成规矩。我们的授戒仪轨,犹如遮蔽众多天鹅的翅膀。所谓上乘众生,就是上乘众生。你们二人对于我而言,皆为多方敬礼及称赞之所依。佩娑者,是一位聪明干练的侍者。
Rājā tassa vacanaṃ sutvā tuṭṭhahadayo ‘‘nesādaputto taṃ vaṇṇeti, na aññena tumhādisena madhuradhammakathikena nāma bhavitabba’’nti vatvā āha –
国王听闻此言,心意欢喜,便说:“宁沙布陀非彼所美称,非尔等之类甜美佛法说者所当称。”随后说道——
§78
78.
‘‘Dhammena kira nesādo, paṇḍito aṇḍajo iti;
“依法者是宁沙,智者是无知之子;
Naheva akatattassa, nayo etādiso siyā.
绝无无所做主张之人,这样类似者不应存在。”
§79
79.
‘‘Evaṃ aggapakatimā, evaṃ uttamasattavo;
“如此者是最上良士,如此者是上乘众生;
Yāvatatthi mayā diṭṭhā, nāññaṃ passāmi edisaṃ.
『我所见者,至今为止所有,除此之外别无所见』,谓此处无我所见之外,尚无他法显现。
§80
80.
‘‘Tuṭṭhosmi vo pakatiyā, vākyena madhurena ca;
『我因善言甜语而心欢喜于汝等之间』,此言表明,因我用甜美辞句与汝等交谈,心自满足欢喜。
Eso cāpi mamacchando, ciraṃ passeyya vo ubho’’ti.
『我此愿望亦同样恒久望见汝等二人』,其中『愿望』谓我此心愿恒久不变,期望常见汝二。
Tattha dhammenāti sabhāvena kāraṇena. Akatattassāti asampāditaattabhāvassa mittadubbhissa. Nayoti paññā. Aggapakatimāti aggasabhāvo. Uttamasattavoti uttamasatto. Yāvatatthīti yāvatā mayā diṭṭhā nāma atthi. Nāññanti tasmiṃ mayā diṭṭhaṭṭhāne aññaṃ evarūpaṃ na passāmi. Tuṭṭhosmi vo pakatiyāti samma haṃsarāja ahaṃ pakatiyā paṭhamameva tumhākaṃ dassanena tuṭṭho. Vākyenāti idāni pana vo madhuravacanena tuṭṭhosmi. Ciraṃ passeyya voti idheva vasāpetvā muhuttampi avippavāsanto ciraṃ tumhe passeyyanti esa me chandoti vadati.
此段训诂云:『法』指法会,乃因缘会合之地。『无惧』谓无被污恶交缠之意。『乃』表智慧之展现。『第一善之座』指最高之会席。『高级众生』谓品德高尚者。『至今为止』谓至我所知见之限。『我心所视者,无他实体可见』。『我因第首次见尔时,即心欢喜』。『以甜语令尔满意』。『愿尔久住此处,不生远离』,此谓我恒久期盼尔等久居此地。
Tato mahāsatto rājānaṃ pasaṃsanto āha –
于是尊王称赞诸众者,说:
§81
81.
‘‘Yaṃ kiccaṃ parame mitte, katamasmāsu taṃ tayā;
『诸善行由至上之友所为,尔等中谁最为其所成就?』
Pattā nissaṃsayaṃ tyāmhā, bhattirasmāsu yā tava.
『必定无疑』者,『你的衣食』也。
§82
82.
‘‘Aduñca nūna sumahā, ñātisaṅghassa mantaraṃ;
『的确不可少』者,『亲族团体的护持』也;
Adassanena asmākaṃ, dukkhaṃ bahūsu pakkhisu.
『因我们所见』者,『多方位众多苦难』也。
§83
83.
‘‘Tesaṃ sokavighātāya, tayā anumatā mayaṃ;
『为了这些忧恼和挫折』者,『由你许可』也;
Taṃ padakkhiṇato katvā, ñātiṃ passemurindama.
『做了右绕礼敬后』者,『我们共同观看亲属』也。
§84
84.
‘‘Addhāhaṃ vipulaṃ pītiṃ, bhavataṃ vindāmi dassanā;
『我得到广大欢喜』者,『因见到你』也。
Eso cāpi mahā attho, ñātivissāsanā siyā’’ti.
这也是重要之义,应谓亲属相互信赖之义。
Tattha katamasmāsūti kataṃ amhesu. Pattā nissaṃsayaṃ tyāmhāti mayaṃ nissaṃsayena tayā pattāyeva. Bhattirasmāsu yā tavāti yā tava amhesu bhatti, tāya bhattiyā mayaṃ tayā asaṃsayena pattāyeva, na ca vippayuttā, vippavuṭṭhāpi sahavāsinoyeva nāma mayanti dīpeti. Aduñca nūna sumahāti etañca ekaṃseneva sumahantaṃ. Ñātisaṅghassa mantaranti amhehi dvīhi janehi virahitassa mama ñātisaṅghassa antaraṃ chiddaṃ. Asmākanti amhākaṃ dvinnaṃ adassanena bahūsu pakkhīsu dukkhaṃ uppannaṃ. Passemurindamāti passeyyāma arindama. Bhavatanti bhoto dassanena. Eso cāpi mahā atthoti yā esā ñātisaṅghasaṅkhātā ñātivissāsanā siyā, eso cāpi mahanto atthopi.
这里所谓的‘我们之间所作’者,确实指我们之间所达成的无疑共识。我们无疑依此而获得了共同的食物。‘你们的食物’即你们所持有的食物,我等凭此食物无疑地获得生活,非被分割,也非分散,亦如同同住共处的人们一样,彼此照明而不散。大概这就是广大的意义。本亲属团体乃由我们二人谘议而成,我们彼此相忍离别,亲属团体因此而割裂。因为我们二人不互相看到,反复流离于诸多危难之中。如‘看护着不灭者’,就是“我们应当保守,不令敌人践踏”。‘汝等’谓尊者的观察。这也是重大意义,那由亲属团体所成的亲属信赖关系,也是重大意义。
Evaṃ vutte rājā tesaṃ gamanaṃ anujāni. Mahāsattopi rañño pañcavidhe dussīlye ādīnavaṃ, sīle ca ānisaṃsaṃ kathetvā ‘‘imaṃ sīlaṃ rakkha, dhammena rajjaṃ kārehi, catūhi saṅgahavatthūhi janaṃ saṅgaṇhāhī’’ti ovaditvā cittakūṭaṃ agamāsi. Tamatthaṃ pakāsento satthā āha –
如此说毕,国王便允准他们前往。王还告诫这位伟人,指出王身为五种恶行之初端,应守护戒律,并讲述戒律的利益,说:“请护持此戒律,以法治国,以四众和合为民聚集。”说毕即往至心山。为此,世尊开示说道——
§85
85.
‘‘Idaṃ vatvā dhataraṭṭho, haṃsarājā narādhipaṃ;
“我说的是,作为主宰人间的天鹅王,
Uttamaṃ javamanvāya, ñātisaṅghaṃ upāgamuṃ.
速来聚集亲属总团以进发善行。
§86
86.
‘‘Te aroge anuppatte, disvāna parame dije;
“他们无有疾病,见此最极之日;
Kekāti makaruṃ haṃsā, puthusaddo ajāyatha.
「凫鸭如同鸬鹚,泛起多种杂音。」
§87
87.
‘‘Te patītā pamuttena, bhattunā bhattugāravā;
「他们因被释放而离去,对持家者心存敬意;
Samantā parikiriṃsu, aṇḍajā laddhapaccayā’’ti.
他们环绕四周,寻觅以卵为生的食物。」
Tattha upāgamunti aruṇuggamanavelāyameva lājamadhuphāṇitādīni paribhuñjitvā raññā ca deviyā ca dvīhi suvaṇṇatālavaṇṭehi ukkhipitvā gandhamālādīhi katasakkārā tālavaṇṭehi otaritvā rājānaṃ padakkhiṇaṃ katvā vehāsaṃ uppatitvā raññā añjaliṃ paggayha ‘‘gacchatha sāmino’’ti vutte sīhapañjarena nikkhantā uttamena javena gantvā ñātigaṇaṃ upāgamiṃsu. Parameti uttame. Kekāti attano sabhāvena ‘‘kekā’’ti saddamakaṃsu. Bhattugāravāti bhattari sagāravā. Parikiriṃsūti bhattuno muttabhāvena tuṭṭhā taṃ bhattāraṃ samantā parivārayiṃsu. Laddhapaccayāti laddhapatiṭṭhā.
这里所说的,是在黎明进出之时,凫鸭们享用花蜜、乳脂等食物,王与女王用两条镀金项链作为礼物,配上香花,以示尊敬,将项链解下来,围绕国王行礼,起风时王后双手合十奉上,说『请前行吧,先生』。他们从狮笼中出来,迅速前往亲族,亲近会众。『最上者』意为至高者。凫鸭以其会众称为『kekā』。所谓持家者,谓对家主恭敬者。环绕意谓他们因满意而护卫家主各处。卵为生粮,即以卵为食之意。
Evaṃ parivāretvā pana te haṃsā ‘‘kathaṃ muttosi, mahārājā’’ti pucchiṃsu. Mahāsatto sumukhaṃ nissāya muttabhāvaṃ, sāgalarājaluddaputtehi katakammañca kathesi. Taṃ sutvā tuṭṭho haṃsagaṇo ‘‘sumukhasenāpati ca rājā ca luddaputto ca sukhitā niddukkhā ciraṃ jīvantū’’ti thutimakāsi. Tamatthaṃ pakāsento satthā osānagāthamāha –
凫鸭护卫之后,便问:『大王,为何获得自由?』大有威势者以温和面容,述说守护王子利耶迦的诸事。听闻此言,凫鸭群十分欢喜,称赞道:『温和的将军、王及利耶迦王子皆安乐,无忧,愿长寿。』为此而明白,佛陀即诵出偈语曰——
§88
88.
‘‘Evaṃ mittavataṃ atthā, sabbe honti padakkhiṇā;
『与友人相处,众皆愿行礼相敬;
Haṃsā yathā dhataraṭṭhā, ñātisaṅghaṃ upāgamu’’nti.
如同天鹅聚集同族,彼此亲近相会。
Tattha mittavatanti kalyāṇamittasampannānaṃ. Padakkhiṇāti sukhanipphattino vuḍḍhiyuttā. Dhataraṭṭhāti haṃsarājā sumukho raññā ceva luddaputtena cāti dvīhi evaṃ ubhopi te dhataraṭṭhā kalyāṇamittasampannā yathā ñātisaṅghaṃ upāgamuṃ , ñātisaṅghaupagamanasaṅkhāto nesaṃ attho padakkhiṇo jāto, evaṃ aññesampi mittavataṃ atthā padakkhiṇā hontīti.
其中所云朋友,指具善友德的人。绕行者是指乐于团聚亲近的生物。聚集者即天鹅王,有雄鸟头冠与小鸟幼雏,这二者皆为聚集亲友,亲族之群聚而来。所谓亲族聚会,则因该聚会而起绕行之义,其他诸友相聚亦皆同样因义属绕行。
Satthā imaṃ dhammadesanaṃ āharitvā ‘‘na bhikkhave idāneva, pubbepānando mamatthāya jīvitaṃ pariccajī’’ti vatvā jātakaṃ samodhānesi ‘‘tadā nesādo channo ahosi, rājā sāriputto , sumukho ānando, channavuti haṃsasahassā buddhaparisā, haṃsarājā pana ahameva ahosi’’nti.
世尊宣说此法后,告比库们:“今非往昔,我为自我缘故舍弃生命”,随即引发本生故事:“当时沙发者无所依,王为沙利多,雄鸟为安多,聚有四十万天鹅及佛弟子,天鹅王正是我。”
Cūḷahaṃsajātakavaṇṇanā paṭhamā. · 小鹅本生注释第一。
[534] 2. Mahāhaṃsajātakavaṇṇanā
二、天鹅大王本生故事释义。
Ete haṃsā pakkamantīti idaṃ satthā veḷuvane viharanto ānandatherassa jīvitapariccāgameva ārabbha kathesi. Vatthu heṭṭhā vuttasadisameva, idha pana satthā atītaṃ āharanto idamāhari.
此为释尊住于竹林时,为教导安那达长老关于生命舍弃之事而说。缘起与下文同,然世尊此乃回顾过往,复述所传。
Atīte bārāṇasiyaṃ saṃyamassa nāma bārāṇasirañño khemā nāma aggamahesī ahosi. Tadā bodhisatto navutihaṃsasahassaparivuto cittakūṭe vihāsi. Athekadivasaṃ khemā devī paccūsasamaye supinaṃ addasa. Suvaṇṇavaṇṇā haṃsā āgantvā rājapallaṅke nisīditvā madhurassarena dhammakathaṃ kathesuṃ. Deviyā sādhukāraṃ datvā dhammaṃ suṇantiyā dhammassavanena atittāya eva ratti vibhāyi. Haṃsā dhammaṃ kathetvā sīhapañjarena nikkhamitvā agamaṃsu. Sā vegenuṭṭhāya ‘‘palāyamāne haṃse gaṇhatha gaṇhathā’’ti vatvā hatthaṃ pasārentīyeva pabujjhi. Tassā kathaṃ sutvā paricārikāyo ‘‘kuhiṃ haṃsā’’ti thokaṃ avahasiṃsu. Sā tasmiṃ khaṇe supinabhāvaṃ ñatvā cintesi – ‘‘ahaṃ abhūtaṃ na passāmi, addhā imasmiṃ loke suvaṇṇavaṇṇā haṃsā bhavissanti, sace kho pana ‘suvaṇṇahaṃsānaṃ dhammaṃ sotukāmāmhī’ti rājānaṃ vakkhāmi, ‘amhehi suvaṇṇahaṃsā nāma na diṭṭhapubbā, haṃsānañca kathā nāma abhūtāyevā’ti vatvā nirussukko bhavissati, ‘dohaḷo’ti vutte pana yena kenaci upāyena pariyesissati, evaṃ me manoratho samijjhissatī’’ti. Sā gilānālayaṃ dassetvā paricārikānaṃ saññaṃ datvā nipajji.
昔日,巴拉那城有名为善蔽、为王后枭女。时菩萨环绕九十万天鹅,栖息于喜德山。某日善蔽王后清晨梦见,金色天鹅翩翩而至坐于御榻,以甜美语言说法。王后喜悦,夜半听闻天鹅讲法而欢喜。天鹅讲法后出狮笼,迅速去逝。王后即起,呼唤侍女“去捕捉飞去之天鹅”。侍女闻言,询问去向。王后思索梦境,心念:“我未曾见过此异象,若我对国王说‘有金色天鹅将现世’,他恐以‘未曾亲见,且天鹅之事全虚无’而轻视我,说我妄言。”但王后仍遂愿若能寻获,必将心愿成就。随后她呈现病痛,馈坏侍女观护,卧床不起。
Rājā rājāsane nisinno tassā dassanavelāya taṃ adisvā ‘‘kahaṃ, khemā devī’’ti pucchitvā ‘‘gilānā’’ti sutvā tassā santikaṃ gantvā sayanekadese nisīditvā piṭṭhiṃ parimajjanto ‘‘kiṃ te aphāsuka’’nti pucchi. ‘‘Deva aññaṃ aphāsukaṃ natthi, dohaḷo pana me uppanno’’ti. Tena hi ‘‘bhaṇa, devi, yaṃ icchasi, taṃ sīghaṃ te upanāmessāmī’’ti. ‘‘Mahārāja, ahamekassa suvaṇṇahaṃsassa samussitasetacchatte rājapallaṅke nisinnassa gandhamālādīhi pūjaṃ katvā sādhukāraṃ dadamānā dhammakathaṃ sotumicchāmi, sace labhāmi, iccetaṃ kusalaṃ, no ce, jīvitaṃ me natthī’’ti. Atha naṃ rājā ‘‘sace manussaloke atthi, labhissasi , mā cintayī’’ti assāsetvā sirigabbhato nikkhamma amaccehi saddhiṃ mantesi – ‘‘ambho, khemā devī, ‘suvaṇṇahaṃsassa dhammakathaṃ sotuṃ labhantī jīvissāmi, alabhantiyā me jīvitaṃ natthī’ti vadati, atthi nu kho suvaṇṇavaṇṇā haṃsā’’ti. ‘‘Deva amhehi neva diṭṭhapubbā na sutapubbā’’ti. ‘‘Ke pana jāneyyu’’nti? ‘‘Brāhmaṇā, devā’’ti. Rājā brāhmaṇe pakkosāpetvā sakkāraṃ katvā pucchi – ‘‘honti nu kho ācariyā suvaṇṇavaṇṇā haṃsā’’ti? ‘‘Āma, mahārāja amhākaṃ mantesumacchā, kakkaṭakā, kacchapā, migā, morā, haṃsāti cha ete tiracchānagatā suvaṇṇavaṇṇā hontīti āgatā, tattha dhataraṭṭhakulahaṃsā nāma paṇḍitā ñāṇasampannā, iti manussehi saddhiṃ satta suvaṇṇavaṇṇā hontī’’ti.
国王端坐于王殿,见到她的时刻,便问道:“你去哪儿了,安乐天女?”听她说:“身体不适”,于是前往她身边,在卧榻旁坐下,环绕着她的后背问:“你哪里不舒服?”她说:“没有别的地方痛苦,只是发烧而已。”于是国王说道:“说吧,天女,何事所愿,我速为你实现。”她答言:“大王,我愿在一只金天鹅编织芒席下、王殿中,受奉以香花等供养,听闻正法说法。若能如愿,这是善事;若不能,我便无生存之所。”国王告她:“若在人间有此愿望必能得成,莫忧虑。”说罢,他从宫内走出,与大臣共商:“安乐天女说,‘我在金天鹅听正法若得,我便生存,若不得无生之路。难道真的有金色天鹅?”她说:“吾辈天人既未亲见前闻。”国王再问:“谁知道呢?”答曰:“婆罗门、天神。”国王命召婆罗门,礼敬后问:“果真有金色天鹅师父吗?”婆罗门答:“是,大王,听说我们的族类中,猴子、龟、鹿、孔雀、天鹅,都有金色变相者。据说那里名为达塔拉特卡的天鹅,是具智慧的圣者,与人同住,有七群这样的金色天鹅。”
Taṃ sutvā rājā attamano hutvā ‘‘kahaṃ nu kho ācariyā dhataraṭṭhahaṃsā vasantī’’ti pucchitvā ‘‘na jānāma, mahārājā’’ti vutte ‘‘atha ke pana jānissantī’’ti vatvā ‘‘luddaputtā’’ti vutte sabbe attano vijite luddake sannipātāpetvā pucchi – ‘‘tātā, suvaṇṇavaṇṇā dhataraṭṭhakulahaṃsā nāma kahaṃ vasantī’’ti? Atheko luddo ‘‘himavante kira, deva, cittakūṭapabbateti no kulaparamparāya kathentī’’ti āha. ‘‘Jānāsi pana nesaṃ gahaṇūpāya’’nti? ‘‘Na jānāmi, devā’’ti. ‘‘Ke pana jānissantī’’ti? Brāhmaṇāti. So brāhmaṇapaṇḍite pakkosāpetvā cittakūṭapabbate suvaṇṇavaṇṇānaṃ haṃsānaṃ atthibhāvaṃ ārocetvā ‘‘jānātha nu kho tesaṃ gahaṇūpāya’’nti pucchi. ‘‘Mahārāja, kiṃ tehi gantvā gahitehi, upāyena te nagarasamīpaṃ ānetvā gahessāmā’’ti. ‘‘Ko pana upāyo’’ti? ‘‘Mahārāja, nagarato avidūre uttarena tigāvutamatte tigāvutappamāṇaṃ khemaṃ nāma saraṃ kārāpetvā udakassa pūretvā nānādhaññāni ropetvā pañcavaṇṇapadumasañchannaṃ kārāpetvā ekaṃ paṇḍitaṃ nesādaṃ paṭicchāpetvā manussānaṃ upagantuṃ adatvā catūsu kaṇṇesu ṭhitehi abhayaṃ ghosāpetha, taṃ sutvā nānāsakuṇā dasa disā otarissanti, tepi haṃsā paramparāya tassa sarassa khemabhāvaṃ sutvā āgacchissanti, atha ne vālapāsehi bandhāpetvā gaṇhāpeyyāthā’’ti.
国王听后欢喜,问道:“达塔拉特卡天鹅居于何处?”回答说:“不知,大王。”又问:“谁知道?”答曰:“婆罗门。”于是国王召来婆罗门长老,向他说明达塔拉特卡天鹅的情况,问道:“你可知他们的藏身之所?”长老答:“大王,我们可到城北不远的吉达库山去寻找,传闻此地为金色天鹅的居所。”国王问:“你们知道他们的捕捉方法吗?”答言:“不知,天王。”又问:“谁知道?”答曰:“婆罗门。”于是国王命令婆罗门长老前往吉达库山,说明金色天鹅的习性,请他调查,问捕捉之法。长老答:“大王,我们可去取用城市近郊名为安乐湖的水,种植各种谷物与五彩莲花,安置一名智者假坐其中,引金天鹅来至,置安全感于四耳之内,发出安全鸣声。听闻此声,各种鸟类自四方飞来,天鹅群亦随之而至。届时用软网捕之,便于捕获。”
Taṃ sutvā rājā tehi vuttapadese vuttappakāraṃ saraṃ kārāpetvā chekaṃ nesādaṃ pakkosāpetvā tassa sahassaṃ dāpetvā ‘‘tvaṃ ito paṭṭhāya attano kammaṃ mā kari, puttadāraṃ te ahaṃ posessāmi, tvaṃ appamatto khemaṃ saraṃ rakkhanto manusse paṭikkamāpetvā catūsu kaṇṇesu abhayaṃ ghosāpetvā āgatāgate sakuṇe mama ācikkheyyāsi, suvaṇṇahaṃsesu āgatesu mahantaṃ sakkāraṃ labhissasī’’ti tamassāsetvā khemaṃ saraṃ paṭicchāpesi. So tato paṭṭhāya raññā vuttanayeneva tattha paṭipajji, ‘‘khemaṃ saraṃ rakkhatī’’ti cassa ‘‘khemanesādo’’tveva nāmaṃ udapādi . Tato paṭṭhāya ca nānappakārā sakuṇā otariṃsu, ‘‘khemaṃ nibbhayaṃ sara’’nti paramparāghosena nānāhaṃsā āgamiṃsu. Paṭhamaṃ tāva tiṇahaṃsā āgamiṃsu, tesaṃ ghosena paṇḍuhaṃsā, tesaṃ ghosena manosilāvaṇṇā haṃsā, tesaṃ ghosena setahaṃsā, tesaṃ ghosena pākahaṃsā āgamiṃsu. Tesu āgatesu khemako rañño ārocesi – ‘‘deva, pañcavaṇṇā haṃsā āgantvā sare gocaraṃ gaṇhanti, pākahaṃsānaṃ āgatattā idāni katipāheneva suvaṇṇahaṃsā āgamissanti, mā cintayittha, devā’’ti.
国王听后遵照上述法建造安乐湖,安放智者,供养千人,并授以护养金色湖泊的使命,命令他警觉守护,常向人们发安全鸣。鸟类听此鸣声纷纷飞来,称此安乐湖为“安乐安全湖”。于是各类鸟群陆续飞临,成群结队,纷纷落于湖面。第一批来的是稻草天鹅,随后飞来的是聪慧天鹅,再接着是赤色天鹅,及雪白天鹅,最后是黄羽天鹅。国王告令:“天神啊,五彩天鹅聚集于此,觅食湖区。黄羽天鹅初至,将有不久也会有金色天鹅飞来,不需忧虑,天神啊。”
Taṃ sutvā rājā ‘‘aññena tattha na gantabbaṃ, yo gacchissati, hatthapādachedanañca gharavilopañca pāpuṇissatī’’ti nagara bheriṃ carāpesi. Tato paṭṭhāya tattha koci na gacchati. Cittakūṭassa panāvidūre kañcanaguhāyaṃpākahaṃsā vasanti, tepi mahabbalā. Dhataraṭṭhakulena saddhiṃ tesaṃ sarīravaṇṇova viseso. Pākahaṃsarañño pana dhītā suvaṇṇavaṇṇā ahosi. So taṃ dhataraṭṭhamahissarassa anurūpāti tassa pādaparicārikaṃ katvā pesesi. Sā tassa piyā ahosi manāpā, teneva ca kāraṇena tāni dve haṃsakulāni aññamaññaṃ vissāsikāni jātāni.
国王听后,说:“无须让他人前往,若有人去,必遭灭顶之灾与家破家亡。”他击起城鼓。于是那里无人敢前往。吉达库山不远有一金洞,是黄羽天鹅的住处,它们力强大,与达塔拉特卡天鹅的体色相似。黄羽天鹅领头者比金色天鹅更具威严,他受命侍奉达塔拉特卡天鹅,备为脚侍,二族天鹅因此结为相互信赖的好邻居。
Athekadivasaṃ bodhisattassa parivārahaṃsā pākahaṃse pucchiṃsu – ‘‘tumhe imesu divasesu kahaṃ gocaraṃ gaṇhathā’’ti? ‘‘Mayaṃ bārāṇasito avidūre khemasare gocaraṃ gaṇhāma, tumhe pana kuhiṃ āhiṇḍathā’’ti. ‘‘Asukaṃ nāmā’’ti vutte ‘‘kasmā khemasaraṃ na gacchatha, so hi saro ramaṇīyo nānāsakuṇasamākiṇṇo pañcavaṇṇapadumasañchanno nānādhaññaphalasampanno nānappakārabhamaragaṇanikūjito catūsu kaṇṇesu niccaṃ pavattaabhayaghosano, koci naṃ upasaṅkamituṃ samattho nāma natthi, pageva aññaṃ upaddavaṃ kātuṃ, evarūpo so saro’’ti khemasaraṃ vaṇṇayiṃsu. Te tesaṃ vacanaṃ sutvā ‘‘bārāṇasiyā samīpe kira evarūpo khemo nāma saro atthi, pākahaṃsā tattha gantvā gocaraṃ gaṇhanti, tumhepi dhataraṭṭhamahissarassa ārocetha, sace anujānāti, mayampi tattha gantvā gocaraṃ gaṇheyyāmā’’ti sumukhassa kathesuṃ. Sumukho rañño ārocesi. So cintesi – ‘‘manussā nāma bahumāyā kharamantā upāyakusalā, bhavitabbamettha kāraṇena, ettakaṃ kālaṃ eso saro natthi, idāni amhākaṃ gahaṇatthāya kato bhavissatī’’ti. So sumukhaṃ āha – ‘‘mā vo tattha gamanaṃ ruccatha, na so saro tehi sudhammatāya kato, amhākaṃ gahaṇatthāyeva kato, manussā nāma bahumāyā kharamantā upāyakusalā, tumhe sakeyeva gocare carathā’’ti .
某日,菩萨的跟随天鹅群向黄羽天鹅询问:“你们近日常往何处觅食?”答曰:“我们在巴拉纳西附近的安乐湖觅食,你们去哪儿?”黄羽天鹅答:“此湖名为阿苏卡,极美丽,有各种鸟类群集,五彩莲花簇拥,谷物丰饶,常发安全鸣声,无人敢近,只有造成别样烦扰。”听闻此言,菩萨说:“据说巴拉纳西近有名为安乐的湖,黄羽天鹅在彼处聚食。你们若得准许,也可往那处觅食。”国王苏穆呼命令说:“人众因多妄想、巧妙谋算,必然为害此湖。如今此湖尚无人问津,将来为我族所有。”国王告苏穆曰:“你勿往彼处,非为正法所造。我们仍将在此地安然觅食吧。”
Suvaṇṇahaṃsā ‘‘khemaṃ saraṃ gantukāmamhā’’ti dutiyampi tatiyampi sumukhassa ārocesuṃ. So tesaṃ tattha gantukāmataṃ mahāsattassa ārocesi. Atha mahāsatto ‘‘mama ñātakā maṃ nissāya mā kilamantu, tena hi gacchāmā’’ti navutihaṃsasahassaparivuto tattha gantvā gocaraṃ gahetvā haṃsakīḷaṃ kīḷitvā cittakūṭameva paccāgami. Khemako tesaṃ gocaraṃ caritvā gatakāle gantvā tesaṃ āgatabhāvaṃ rañño ārocesi. Rājā tuṭṭhacitto hutvā, ‘‘samma khemaka, ekaṃ vā dve vā haṃse gaṇhituṃ vāyama, mahantaṃ te yasaṃ dassāmī’’ti vatvā paribbayaṃ datvā taṃ uyyojesi. So tattha gantvā cāṭipañjare nisīditvā haṃsānaṃ caraṇaṭṭhānaṃ vīmaṃsi. Bodhisattā nāma nilloluppacārino honti, tasmā mahāsatto otiṇṇaṭṭhānato paṭṭhāya sapadānaṃ sāliṃ khādanto agamāsi. Sesā ito cito ca khādantā vicariṃsu.
金色天鹅第二次、第三次向苏穆说明它们愿往安乐湖觅食。苏穆转达给大王。后一日,有千万天鹅的庞大群落说:“亲属们勿妨碍我,我当随你同去。”于是他们迁徙至彼处觅食,戏耍于吉达库。安乐湖的负责人去通信王,金色天鹅游猎此湖时回访。国王欢喜,说:“好啊安乐者,试着抓一两只天鹅,广扬你的美名。”言罢,赐给狩猎令牌。安乐者飞往此处,坐于猎笼上,察视天鹅足迹。菩萨名曰涟漪游者,故大王派安乐者于高处驻扎,安乐者一边守望,一边与众鸟啄食。其余诸鸟群四处活动。
Atha luddaputto ‘‘ayaṃ haṃso nilloluppacārī, imaṃ bandhituṃ vaṭṭatī’’ti cintetvā punadivase haṃsesu saraṃ anotiṇṇesuyeva cāṭipañjare nisinno taṃ ṭhānaṃ gantvā avidūre pañjare attānaṃ paṭicchādetvā chiddena olokento acchi. Tasmiṃ khaṇe mahāsatto navutihaṃsasahassapurakkhato hiyyo otiṇṇaṭṭhāneyeva otaritvā odhiyaṃ nisīditvā sāliṃ khādanto pāyāsi. Nesādo pañjarachiddena olokento tassa rūpasobhaggappattaṃ attabhāvaṃ disvā ‘‘ayaṃ haṃso sakaṭanābhippamāṇasarīro suvaṇṇavaṇṇo, tīhi rattarājīhi gīvāyaṃ parikkhitto, tisso rājiyo galena otaritvā urantarena gatā, tisso pacchābhāgena nibbijjhitvā gatā, rattakambalasuttasikkāya ṭhapitakañcanakkhandho viya atirocati, iminā etesaṃ raññā bhavitabbaṃ, imameva gaṇhissāmī’’ti cintesi. Haṃsarājāpi bahuṃ gocaraṃ caritvā jalakīḷaṃ kīḷitvā haṃsagaṇaparivuto cittakūṭameva agamāsi. Iminā niyāmeneva pañca divase gocaraṃ gaṇhi. Chaṭṭhe divase khemako kāḷaassavālamayaṃ daḷhaṃ mahārajjuṃ vaṭṭitvā yaṭṭhiyā pāsaṃ katvā ‘‘sve haṃsarājā imasmiṃ okāse otarissatī’’ti tathato ñatvā antoudake yaṭṭhipāsaṃ oḍḍi.
于是,莲花子思忖:“这只天鹅行为凶猛,好似想要困住它。”翌日仍徘徊于天鹅群中,坐在空荡的铁笼内,他前往那个地方,贴近铁笼观察,四顾一周,仔细审视。此时,一只拥有九十只天鹅的雄性巨鸟从高处飞临,降落于空笼之地,落座后正在吃谷物。这莲花子坐于笼中,观察天鹅,见其形貌庄严美丽,神态自足,便思:“这只天鹅身体如同装满车轮的车轴,通体金黄光彩照人,颈部环绕三种红宝石项链,三串宝链从脖子垂至胸部和背侧,好似覆盖了红宝石被子和金块,极为华美。应由这只天鹅成为诸鸟之王,且以它为我们选主。”天鹅王每天广泛游息,戏水嬉戏,常随群鸟去往吉达山谷。受此禁锢五日,天鹅群出行频繁。第六日,黑色病蛇缠绕强韧大铁索,将陷阱制造,言道:“这天鹅王必将在此时下笼。”知道事实后,用陷阱套住水边蛇,陷阱严密无遗。
Punadivase haṃsarājā otaranto pādaṃ pāse pavesantoyeva otari. Athassa pāso pādaṃ ayapaṭṭakena kaḍḍhanto viya ābandhitvā gaṇhi. So ‘‘chindissāmi na’’nti vegaṃ janetvā kaḍḍhitvā pātesi. Paṭhamavāre suvaṇṇavaṇṇaṃ cammaṃ chijji, dutiyavāre kambalavaṇṇaṃ maṃsaṃ chijji, tatiyavāre nhāru chijji, catutthavāre pana ‘‘pādā chijjeyyuṃ, rañño pana hīnaṅgatā nāma ananucchavikā’’ti na vāyāmaṃ akāsi, balavavedanā ca pavattiṃsu. So cintesi – ‘‘sacāhaṃ baddharavaṃ ravissāmi, ñātakā me ñatrastā hutvā gocaraṃ aggahetvā chātajjhattāva palāyantā dubbalattā samudde patissantī’’ti. So vedanaṃ adhivāsetvā pāsavase vattetvā sāliṃ khādanto viya hutvā tesaṃ yāvadatthaṃ caritvā haṃsakīḷaṃ kīḷanakāle mahantena saddena baddharavaṃ ravi. Taṃ sutvā haṃsā maraṇabhayatajjitā vaggavaggā cittakūṭābhimukhā purimanayeneva pakkamiṃsu.
翌日,天鹅王来至陷阱处,脚陷其中,似欲下笼一般。此时陷阱如束缚紧紧缠绕脚部。他生猛怒吼:“我将咬断!”用力咬破脚索。第一次,亮金色外皮被咬断;第二次,裹腿的兜布皮被咬破;第三次,肉质被咬开;第四次,尽管希望用脚挣断,却念及“脚若被咬断,王位便失去,不堪思议”,终未努力。虽如此,剧痛袭来。他想:“若我挣脱定会惊动亲人和族亲,他们将害怕,失去游息乐趣,纷纷逃散,软弱不堪坠入大水。”忍受痛苦,系于陷阱,静坐如进食,依旧游息。游玩时常伴随巨大声响挣扎。听闻此声,天鹅们因死怖纷纷沿山而去,如同波浪迭起般逃散。
Sumukhopi heṭṭhā vuttanayeneva cintetvā vicinitvā tīsupi koṭṭhāsesu mahāsattaṃ adisvā ‘‘addhā tassevedaṃ bhayaṃ uppanna’’nti nivattitvā āgato mahāsattaṃ pāsena baddhaṃ lohitamakkhitaṃ dukkhāturaṃ paṅkapiṭṭhe nipannaṃ disvā ‘‘mā bhāyi, mahārāja, ahaṃ mama jīvitaṃ pariccajitvā tumhe mocessāmī’’ti vadanto otaritvā mahāsattaṃ assāsento paṅkapiṭṭhe nisīdi. Mahāsatto ‘‘navutihaṃsasahassesu maṃ chaḍḍetvā palāyantesu ayaṃ sumukho ekakova āgato, kiṃ nu kho luddaputtassa āgatakāle maṃ chaḍḍetvā palāyissati, udāhu no’’ti vīmaṃsanavasena lohitamakkhito pāsayaṭṭhiyaṃ olambantoyeva tisso gāthā abhāsi –
莲花子也思虑前述情形,推敲斟酌,于三角围场内发现这只雄伟巨鸟。它被陷阱困缚,满身血迹,显得苦楚痛苦,躺于污泥中。莲花子劝慰说:“王者啊,莫要恐惧,我将舍弃自身生命,来救你脱困。”他伸手解开陷阱,帮巨鸟脱困,抚慰它坐于污泥旁。巨鸟言道:“这九十只天地间的天鹅都抛弃我逃命,唯你这莲花子独自前来。我若被你放生,其他天鹅会不会再次抛弃我逃亡呢?”莲花子答以三句颂言:
§89
89.
‘‘Ete haṃsā pakkamanti, vakkaṅgā bhayameritā;
“这些天鹅乘风飞翔,翼展广阔,令人敬畏;
Harittaca hemavaṇṇa, kāmaṃ sumukha pakkama.
羽色闪耀如青铜金黄,这天鹅飞翔美丽雄奇。
§90
90.
‘‘Ohāya maṃ ñātigaṇā, ekaṃ pāsavasaṃ gataṃ;
抛弃了家族,独自陷于缚网之中。”
Anapekkhamānā gacchanti, kiṃ eko avahīyasi.
他们毫无顾虑地前行,你为什么偏偏轻慢一个人呢?
§91
91.
‘‘Pateva patataṃ seṭṭha, natthi baddhe sahāyatā;
『真正高贵者只在于自身德行,束缚之中无同伴相助;
Mā anīghāya hāpesi, kāmaṃ sumukha pakkamā’’ti.
不要因不快而放弃,应坚定地去实现美好愿望。』
Tattha bhayameritāti bhayena eritā bhayaṭṭitā bhayacalitā. Tatiyapade ‘‘harī’’tipi ‘‘hema’’ntipi suvaṇṇasseva nāmaṃ. So ca harittacatāya hemavaṇṇo, tena taṃ evaṃ ālapati. Sumukhāti sundaramukha. Anapekkhamānāti tava ñātakā maṃ anolokentā nirālayā hutvā. Patevāti uppatāhiyeva. Mā anīghāyāti ito gantvā pattabbāya nidukkhabhāvāya vīriyaṃ mā hāpesi.
此处所谓恐惧,是指因恐惧而畏缩、因恐惧而烦恼、因恐惧而动摇。第三句中的“harī”和“hema”都是金子的意思。因其嫩绿如金,故如此称呼。‘Sumukha’即美丽的面容。‘Anapekkhamānā’意谓你的亲族没有关照我,致使我孤苦无依。‘Patevā’指浮出水面。‘Mā anīghāyā’即不要因前往此处而因怠惰不安而放弃努力。
Taṃ sutvā sumukho ‘‘ayaṃ haṃsarājā mama piyamittabhāvaṃ na jānāti, anuppiyabhāṇī mittoti maṃ sallakkheti, sinehabhāvamassa dassessāmī’’ti cintetvā catasso gāthā abhāsi –
闻此,面容秀美者心想『这天鹅王不懂我与他情同亲友,反称我为不友之人,他定会诬陷我,露出敌意』,于是默念四句偈言——
§92
92.
‘‘Nāhaṃ dukkhaparetopi, dhataraṭṭha tuvaṃ jahe;
『我不为苦恼所动,即便是辛苦的结局,你也应舍弃执着;
Jīvitaṃ maraṇaṃ vā me, tayā saddhiṃ bhavissati.
『生命』与『死亡』必将与你一同发生。
§93
93.
‘‘Nāhaṃ dukkhaparetopi, dhataraṭṭha tuvaṃ jahe;
我虽为他人之痛苦者,然尔却为国家舍去此身;
Na maṃ anariyasaṃyutte, kamme yojetumarahasi.
与非圣者无关,尔隐匿行事,汝非施行善恶之人。
§94
94.
‘‘Sakumāro sakhātyasmi, sacitte casmi te ṭhito;
我曾为幼友,心念纯正,常立于汝侧;
Ñāto senāpatī tyāhaṃ, haṃsānaṃ pavaruttama.
尔被称为将军,是群天鹅之首领。
§95
95.
‘‘Kathaṃ ahaṃ vikattissaṃ, ñātimajjhe ito gato;
我如何陷入纷争,曾到亲族中一方而来?
Taṃ hitvā patataṃ seṭṭha, kiṃ te vakkhāmito gato;
舍弃了那堕落之人、最上者啊,我为何要向你说法呢?
Idha pāṇaṃ cajissāmi, nānariyaṃ kattumussahe’’ti.
我将在此舍弃刀剑,因我不堪为非圣者行事。
Tattha nāhanti ahaṃ, mahārāja, kāyikacetasikena dukkhena phuṭṭhopi taṃ na jahāmi. Anariyasaṃyutteti mittadubbhīhi ahirikehi kattabbatāya anariyabhāvena saṃyutte. Kammeti taṃ jahitvā pakkamanakamme. Sakumāroti samānakumāro, ekadivaseneva paṭisandhiṃ gahetvā ekadivase aṇḍakosaṃ padāletvā ekato vaḍḍhitakumāroti attho. Sakhātyasmīti ahaṃ te dakkhiṇakkhisamo piyasahāyo. Sacitteti tava sake citte ahaṃ ṭhito tava vase vattāmi, tayi jīvante jīvāmi, na jīvante na jīvāmīti attho. ‘‘Saṃcitte’’tipi pāṭho, tava citte ahaṃ saṇṭhito suṭṭhu ṭhitoti attho. Ñātoti sabbahaṃsānaṃ antare paññāto. Vikattissanti ‘‘kuhiṃ haṃsarājā’’ti pucchito ahaṃ kinti kathessāmi. Kiṃ te vakkhāmīti te tava pavattiṃ pucchante haṃsagaṇe kiṃ vakkhāmi.
那里没有啊,大王,身心痛苦尽管明显,我仍不舍舍弃他。所谓非圣者相系者,是因与恶友、无耻者交往,基于行动,显现非圣者的状态。舍弃即指放弃、出离的行为。所谓健壮少年,即同龄少年,单日复合起经脉,一日打碎蛋壳,长成少年。所谓朋辈,即我与你同等南方的爱侣。所谓真心,即我若在你心住着,我生活,你生存;你不生我亦不活。此中亦有“我与你心相连稳固存在”的意思。所谓亲属,则指一切众生中的亲近者。被问“去哪呢,天鹅王”,我如何回答?你问我所言,我当如何答天鹅群关于你的事?
Evaṃ sumukhena catūhi gāthāhi sīhanāde nadite tassa guṇaṃ pakāsento mahāsatto āha –
于是,伟大的生命者,在狮吼江边,以四首偈赞扬了那正面者的美德说-
§96
96.
‘‘Eso hi dhammo sumukha, yaṃ tvaṃ ariyapathe ṭhito;
“这正法啊,是你于圣道上所立,
Yo bhattāraṃ sakhāraṃ maṃ, na pariccattumussahe.
谁也无法使我违背对法主之友谊。”
§97
97.
‘‘Tañhi me pekkhamānassa, bhayaṃ na tveva jāyati;
「因此我观察的人,确实不生起恐怖;
Adhigacchasi tvaṃ mayhaṃ, evaṃbhūtassa jīvita’’nti.
你将从我这里获得如是的生命。」
Tattha eso dhammoti esa porāṇakapaṇḍitānaṃ sabhāvo. Bhattāraṃ sakhāraṃ manti sāmikañca sahāyañca maṃ. Bhayanti cittutrāso mayhaṃ na jāyati, cittakūṭapabbate haṃsagaṇamajjhe ṭhito viya homi. Mayhanti mama jīvitaṃ tvaṃ labhāpessasi.
这里所谓的『法』,是基层学者的习性。他们把世尊看作主人、朋友、老师,也视为同伴。他们害怕我心中的恐惧不生起,我就如同在心灵高山上屹立的天鹅群。他们将我的生命视为已获得,你必将得到。
Evaṃ tesaṃ kathentānaññeva luddaputto sarapariyante ṭhito haṃse tīhi khandhehi palāyante disvā ‘‘kiṃ nu kho’’ti pāsaṭṭhānaṃ olokento bodhisattaṃ pāsayaṭṭhiyaṃ olambantaṃ disvā sañjātasomanasso kacchaṃ daḷhaṃ bandhitvā muggaraṃ gahetvā kappuṭṭhānaggi viya avattharamāno paṇhiyā akkantakalale uparisīsena gantvā purato patante vegena upasaṅkami. Tamatthaṃ pakāsento satthā āha –
就这样,当别人说话时,露蹬童子站在蛇周围,看到三节天鹅逃避,问道:「究竟为何?」他看见菩萨紧抱杖子,带着忧愁,手拿坚固束缚物与铁锤,像火焰燃烧的火把一般挥舞,绕圈而上,向前急速俯冲过去,走近他。于是世尊启示说——
§98
98.
‘‘Iccevaṃ mantayantānaṃ, ariyānaṃ ariyavuttinaṃ;
「正如那些思维的人,追随圣者的圣言,
Daṇḍamādāya nesādo, āpatī turito bhusaṃ.
拿着棍棒,像冲锋的勇士,迅速前往草地。
§99
99.
‘‘Tamāpatantaṃ disvāna, sumukho atibrūhayi;
『看到那沉落的黑暗,面容庄严极为壮大;』
Aṭṭhāsi purato rañño, haṃso vissāsayaṃ byathaṃ.
『在国王面前站立,天鹅以信赖安忍其痛苦。』
§100
100.
‘‘Mā bhāyi patataṃ seṭṭha, na hi bhāyanti tādisā;
『最优胜者,不必恐惧沉落,因类似者无所畏惧;』
Ahaṃ yogaṃ payuñjissaṃ, yuttaṃ dhammūpasañhitaṃ;
『我将修习契合的禅定,与正法相应;』
Tena pariyāpadānena, khippaṃ pāsā pamokkhasī’’ti.
『凭此断除束缚,迅速解脱而无余碍。』
Tattha ariyavuttinanti ariyācāre vattamānānaṃ. Bhusanti daḷhaṃ balavaṃ. Atibrūhayīti anantaragāthāya āgataṃ ‘‘mā bhāyī’’ti vacanaṃ vadanto atibrūhesi mahāsaddaṃ nicchāresi. Aṭṭhāsīti sace nesādo rājānaṃ paharissati, ahaṃ pahāraṃ sampaṭicchissāmīti jīvitaṃ pariccajitvā purato aṭṭhāsi. Vissāsayanti vissāsento assāsento. Byathanti byathitaṃ bhītaṃ rājānaṃ ‘‘mā bhāyī’’ti iminā vacanena vissāsento. Tādisāti tumhādisā ñāṇavīriyasampannā. Yoganti ñāṇavīriyayogaṃ. Yuttanti anucchavikaṃ. Dhammūpasañhitanti kāraṇanissitaṃ. Tena pariyāpadānenāti tena mayā payuttena yogena parisuddhena. Pamokkhasīti muccissasi.
此中,所谓圣谛行者即指行持圣行者。其力量坚固强盛。若过分言说,即如随附诗句中所现言语『勿畏』,言语甚多,声响宏大而低沉。若有反抗者,护王者当击之,我则甘受此击,舍命而立于前。信者信之,慰藉者慰之。受苦者痛苦,惧者惧王言『勿畏』而生信。此等人等如汝等,具足智慧勇猛。修习智慧勇猛和合,调和精进。奉持法义,依因缘住持。以此纯净合处,谓我所缀合净处。解脱即当得解脱。
Evaṃ sumukho mahāsattaṃ assāsetvā luddaputtassa santikaṃ gantvā madhuraṃ mānusiṃ vācaṃ nicchārento, ‘‘samma, tvaṃ konāmosī’’ti pucchitvā ‘‘suvaṇṇavaṇṇahaṃsarāja, ahaṃ khemako nāmā’’ti vutte, ‘‘samma khemaka, ‘tayā oḍḍitavālapāse yo vā so vā haṃso baddho’ti saññaṃ mā kari, navutiyā haṃsasahassānaṃ pavaro dhataraṭṭhahaṃsarājā te pāse baddho, ñāṇasīlācārasampanno saṅgāhakapakkhe ṭhito, na taṃ māretuṃ yutto, ahaṃ tava iminā kattabbakiccaṃ karissāmi, ayampi suvaṇṇavaṇṇo, ahampi tatheva, ahaṃ etassatthāya attano jīvitaṃ pariccajissāmi, sace tvaṃ etassa pattāni gaṇhitukāmosi, mama pattāni gaṇha, athopi cammamaṃsanhāruaṭṭhīnamaññataraṃ gaṇhitukāmosi, mameva sarīrato gaṇha, atha naṃ kīḷāhaṃsaṃ kātukāmosi, maññeva kara, jīvantameva vikkiṇitvā sace dhanaṃ uppādetukāmosi, maṃ jīvantameva vikkiṇitvā dhanaṃ uppādehi, mā etaṃ ñāṇādiguṇasaṃyuttaṃ haṃsarājānaṃ avadhi, sace hi naṃ vadhissasi, nirayādīhi na muccissasī’’ti taṃ nirayādibhayena santajjetvā attano madhurakathaṃ gaṇhāpetvā puna bodhisattassa santikaṃ gantvā taṃ assāsento aṭṭhāsi. Nesādo tassa kathaṃ sutvā ‘‘ayaṃ tiracchānagato samāno manussehipi kātuṃ asakkuṇeyyaṃ evarūpaṃ mittadhammaṃ karoti, manussāpi evaṃ mittadhamme ṭhātuṃ na sakkonti, aho esa ñāṇasampanno madhurakatho dhammiko’’ti sakalasarīraṃ pītisomanassaparipuṇṇaṃ katvā pahaṭṭhalomo daṇḍaṃ chaḍḍetvā sirasi añjaliṃ patiṭṭhapetvā sūriyaṃ namassanto viya sumukhassa guṇaṃ kittento aṭṭhāsi. Tamatthaṃ pakāsento satthā āha –
如此,素木接近伟人,往至卢陀子处,放柔和悦耳的人语,问曰:‘汝叫什么名?’答曰:‘我名为安全者,色泽如金天鹅王。’曰:‘善哉安全者,勿生缚鸟之见,即谓“被网缚者”何或,是九十千天鹅中最尊最强天鹅王,端正德行智慧俱足,立于结社正众中,非可杀者。我当替你完成此事,我同金色。为此事将舍命。若汝欲夺其羽,夺我羽,或欲夺我皮毛,不可!夺我形体,亦不可!若欲虐杀我天鹅,为活命之事,若欲生财,我亦为活命生财。勿杀此智慧德行俱足之天鹅王。若汝杀之,当下地狱而不得解脱。’闻此受地狱恐怖,受柔言接引,再往菩萨所,安慰其坐。彼听言不悦,谓:‘此蠢人犹如畜生,尚无能力害人,此种友谊,人类亦难有,叹此智慧柔言佛法者。’全身充满喜乐,舍弃头发枝节,合掌礼拜太阳,称赞素木德行,立坐安住。就此点明师尊说法曰——
§101
101.
‘‘Tassa taṃ vacanaṃ sutvā, sumukhassa subhāsitaṃ;
‘闻此言,素木之善语
Pahaṭṭhalomo nesādo, añjalissa paṇāmayi.
舍发皆乱,合掌祈请。
§102
102.
‘‘Na me sutaṃ vā diṭṭhaṃ vā, bhāsanto mānusiṃ dijo;
「非我所闻,亦非我所见,仁者言人类;
Ariyaṃ bruvāno vakkaṅgo, cajanto mānusiṃ giraṃ.
乃嘉说圣言,舍弃人语。
§103
103.
‘‘Kiṃ nu tāyaṃ dijo hoti, mutto baddhaṃ upāsasi;
『此人何者?虽获解脱而拘缚,犹若囚徒;
Ohāya sakuṇā yanti, kiṃ eko avahīyasī’’ti.
释然飞鸟远去,则有人为何难堪?』
Tattha añjalissa paṇāmayīti añjaliṃ assa upanāmayi, ‘‘na me’’ti gāthāyassa thutiṃ karoti. Tattha mānusinti manussavācaṃ. Ariyanti sundaraṃ niddosaṃ. Cajantoti vissajjento. Idaṃ vuttaṃ hoti – samma, tvaṃ dijo samāno ajja mayā saddhiṃ mānusiṃ vācaṃ bhāsanto niddosaṃ bruvāno mānusiṃ giraṃ cajanto paccakkhato diṭṭho, ito pubbe pana idaṃ acchariyaṃ mayā neva sutaṃ na diṭṭhanti. Kiṃ nu tāyanti yaṃ etaṃ tvaṃ upāsasi, kiṃ nu te ayaṃ hoti.
此处作双手合掌,作礼拜状,说『非我也』,以赞此偈。其中文“mānusiṃ”释为“人语”,而“manussa”则指“人言”。“Ariyaṃ”意指圣洁、美好、无染;“cajanto”意即舍弃、放弃。释义如是:汝今与我一同,说人语其言无瑕疵,发出的人语乃舍弃俗语。此景已见,然此事以前我从未闻闻亦未见见,此为奇异。彼人何以执着所谓诸持?此物为汝何?
Evaṃ tuṭṭhacittena nesādena puṭṭho sumukho ‘‘ayaṃ muduko jāto, idānissa bhiyyosomattāya mudubhāvatthaṃ mama guṇaṃ dassesāmī’’ti cintetvā āha –
于是,苏摩哥以满足的心意,对那位不善者思惟说道:‘这个人是愚痴生起者,今日我当以更深的清醒来显现我之智慧。’便说——
§104
104.
‘‘Rājā me so dijāmitta, senāpaccassa kārayiṃ;
‘那位王,是我的天生贵友,我为军帅效劳;
Tamāpade pariccatuṃ, nussahe vihagādhipaṃ.
在遭难之时保护他,不使鸟王忍受难处。’
§105
105.
‘‘Mahāgaṇāya bhattā me, mā eko byasanaṃ agā;
‘庞大的众多食客中,没有一个是灾祸降临者;’
Tathā taṃ samma nesāda, bhattāyaṃ abhito rame’’ti.
世尊于是正坐,说:“这食物近在眼前令人欢喜。”
Tattha nussaheti na samatthomhi. Mahāgaṇāyāti mahato haṃsagaṇassa. Mā ekoti mādise sevake vijjamāne mā ekako byasanaṃ agā. Tathā tanti yathā ahaṃ vadāmi, tatheva taṃ. Sammāti vayassa. Bhattāyaṃ abhito rameti bhattā ayaṃ mama, ahamassa abhito rame santike ramāmi na ukkaṇṭhāmīti.
这里不合适,不可同意。‘大群’指大天鹅群。‘不要一’,是指在侍奉时不要只做一人行为,不可陷入一人困境。正如我所说,确实如此。‘萨玛’指年龄。‘食物近处欢喜’意谓‘这食物是我的,我在此地欣然欢喜,无忧无恼。’
Nesādo taṃ tassa dhammanissitaṃ madhurakathaṃ sutvā somanassappatto pahaṭṭhalomo ‘‘sacāhaṃ etaṃ sīlādiguṇasaṃyuttaṃ haṃsarājānaṃ vadhissāmi, catūhi apāyehi na muccissāmi, rājā maṃ yadicchati, taṃ karotu, ahametaṃ sumukhassa dāyaṃ katvā vissajjessāmī’’ti cintetvā gāthamāha –
听闻由此道理而生起的以法为依的柔和言语,他欢喜,热血沸腾,起誓说:“我必杀死这与戒德相联的大天鹅王,绝不放他免除四种恶趣;若国王愿意,就随他为之,我许诺付与善报,必将放弃。”他念诵并唱诵诗句曰——
§106
106.
‘‘Ariyavattasi vakkaṅga, yo piṇḍamapacāyasi;
‘贤者之道你践行着,你布施供养食物;
Cajāmi te taṃ bhattāraṃ, gacchathūbho yathāsukha’’nti.
我舍弃你这主食,你应自在去吧。’
Tattha ariyavattasīti mittadhammarakkhaṇasaṅkhātena ācāraariyānaṃ vattena samannāgatosi. Piṇḍamapacāyasīti bhattu santikā laddhaṃ piṇḍaṃ senāpatiṭṭhānaṃ pūjesi. Gacchathūbhoti dvepi janā assumukhe ñātisaṅghe hāsayamānā yathāsukhaṃ gacchathāti.
所谓圣道,是指依靠友情法的守护而得以具足圣行的状态。称作布施与供养,是对供养者礼敬所获布施的尊重。去往集会之所时,两个人相对,带着和悦的笑容,从容自在地一起同行。
Evaṃ vatvā nesādo muducittena mahāsattaṃ upasaṅkamitvā yaṭṭhiṃ onāmetvā paṅkapiṭṭhe nisīdāpetvā pāsayaṭṭhiyā mocetvā taṃ ukkhipitvā sarato nīharitvā taruṇadabbatiṇapiṭṭhe nisīdāpetvā pāde baddhapāsaṃ saṇikaṃ mocetvā mahāsatte balavasinehaṃ paccupaṭṭhāpetvā mettacittena udakaṃ ādāya lohitaṃ dhovitvā punappunaṃ parimajji, athassa mettānubhāvena sirāya sirā, maṃsena maṃsaṃ, cammena cammaṃ ghaṭitaṃ, pādo pākatiko ahosi, itarena nibbiseso. Bodhisatto sukhappatto hutvā pakatibhāvena nisīdi. Sumukho attānaṃ nissāya rañño sukhitabhāvaṃ disvā sañjātasomanasso cintesi – ‘‘iminā amhākaṃ mahāupakāro kato, amhehi etassa kato upakāro nāma natthi, sace esa rājarājamahāmattānaṃ atthāya amhe gaṇhi, tesaṃ santikaṃ netvā bahuṃ dhanaṃ labhissati, sace attano atthāya gaṇhi, amhe vikkiṇitvā dhanaṃ labhissateva, pucchissāmi tāva na’’nti. Atha naṃ upakāraṃ kātukāmatāya pucchanto āha –
如此说完,他怀着柔和的心意,来到那大王面前,称呼为陛下,坐在泥泞的地面,放开围栏,跳起身去,沿着河流来到少年助手坐的地方,解开绑住双脚的绳索,站在那位大王强壮的跟前,怀着慈爱之心,端来水,清洗伤口,多次为其擦拭。依靠慈爱之感,头对着头、肉对着肉、皮对着皮紧紧贴合,脚伤得以痊愈,其他伤口也消失了。菩萨因此身心安乐,端正地坐着。面向前方,倚靠自己,看见国王安乐的样子,心中生起忧虑,于是思惟道:『这对我们是多大的利益啊,我们无有对他有何利益。若由他为王侯大臣们着想而拉拢我们,必从他们那里获得丰厚财物;若只为自己着想拉拢,我们出售而获得财物,难道我还能不问吗?』于是,想要获得恩惠,怀着疑问而请求说:
§107
107.
‘‘Sace attappayogena, ohito haṃsapakkhinaṃ;
‘若因自身利益,驱赶鸿雁飞鸟,
Paṭiggaṇhāma te samma, etaṃ abhayadakkhiṇaṃ.
愿你接受诚意,这就是无畏的回赠。’
§108
108.
‘‘No ce attappayogena, ohito haṃsapakkhinaṃ;
『若无自觉勇猛之力,鸭类翅翼即被束缚,』
Anissaro muñcamamhe, theyyaṃ kayirāsi luddakā’’ti.
『则当有所为,离脱无依,解脱于彼。』
Tattha saceti, samma nesāda, sace tayā attano payogena attano atthāya haṃsānañceva sesapakkhīnañca pāso ohito. Anissaroti anissaro hutvā amhe muñcanto yenāsi āṇatto, tassasantakaṃ gaṇhanto theyyaṃ kayirāsi.
此中所说者,倘若真有洁净的侧室,若以自身努力为自身利益,亦当解放自我及所有尚存之羽翼。所谓无依者,即成为无依止者,从而解脱那束缚之绳索,终能超脱,此当为要行之事。
Taṃ sutvā nesādo ‘‘nāhaṃ tumhe attano atthāya gaṇhiṃ, bārāṇasiraññā pana saṃyamena gaṇhāpitomhī’’ti vatvā deviyā diṭṭhasupinakālato paṭṭhāya yāva raññā tesaṃ āgatabhāvaṃ sutvā, ‘‘samma khemaka, ekaṃ vā dve vā haṃse gaṇhituṃ vāyama, mahantaṃ te yasaṃ dassāmī’’ti vatvā paribbayaṃ datvā uyyojitabhāvo, tāva sabbaṃ pavattiṃ ārocesi. Taṃ sutvā sumukho ‘‘iminā nesādena attano jīvitaṃ agaṇetvā amhe vissajjentena dukkaraṃ kataṃ, sace mayaṃ ito cittakūṭaṃ gamissāma, neva dhataraṭṭharañño paññānubhāvo, na mayhaṃ mittadhammo pākaṭo bhavissati, na luddaputto mahantaṃ yasaṃ lacchati, na rājā pañcasu sīlesu patiṭṭhahissati, na deviyā manoratho matthakaṃ pāpuṇissatī’’ti cintetvā , ‘‘samma, evaṃ sante amhe vissajjetuṃ na labhasi, rañño no dassehi, so amhe yathāruciṃ karissatī’’ti imamatthaṃ pakāsento gāthamāha –
闻其言,此侧室答言:『我不为你等自身利益而持守,但以巴拉尼城公主的节制之心为要』。说毕便由她于睡梦中醒来,得知国王前来,于是说:『安稳恰当,只需试图持守一两只天鹅,我将显现伟大声望』,遂将护卫予以增援,令一切事宜皆已周全而告之。闻此,守护者思维:『依此侧室放弃自身生命如释重负,若我们离去,前往心山之峰,虽为王未必能尽智之备,且我方作友德难显,亦不为王所受五戒立基,公主所愿亦难达到』。于是心思权衡后说:『确然如此,现状下我等无由求放弃,且恐国王不见我等,将不顾我等所愿,必将随心所欲处置』。为说此意,作偈言说—
§109
109.
‘‘Yassa tvaṃ bhatako rañño, kāmaṃ tasseva pāpaya;
『你为国君之臣子,即使与其欲念相违,仍应慎行其事,』
Tattha saṃyamano rājā, yathābhiññaṃ karissatī’’ti.
那里,国王正在自我约束,愿意如实了知。
Tattha tassevāti tasseva santikaṃ nehi. Tatthāti tasmiṃ rājanivesane. Yathābhiññanti yathādhippāyaṃ yathāruciṃ.
那里所谓他所住的地方,指的是那国王宫殿。所谓如实了知,指的是根据具足的智慧、依据权柄,及符合心意地洞察。
Taṃ sutvā nesādo ‘‘mā vo bhaddante rājadassanaṃ ruccittha, rājāno nāma sappaṭibhayā, kīḷāhaṃse vā vo kareyyuṃ māreyyuṃ vā’’ti āha. Atha naṃ sumukho, ‘‘samma luddaka mā amhākaṃ cintayi, ahaṃ tādisassa kakkhaḷassa dhammakathāya maddavaṃ janesiṃ, rañño kiṃ na janessāmi, rājāno hi paṇḍitā subhāsitadubbhāsitaññu, khippaṃ no rañño santikaṃ nehi, nayanto ca mā bandhanena nayi, pupphapañjare pana nisīdāpetvā nehi, pupphapañjaraṃ karonto dhataraṭṭhassa mahantaṃ setapadumasañchannaṃ, mama khuddakaṃ rattapadumasañchannaṃ katvā dhataraṭṭhaṃ purato, mamaṃ pacchato nīcataraṃ katvā ādāya khippaṃ netvā rañño dassehī’’ti āha. So tassa vacanaṃ sutvā ‘‘sumukho rājānaṃ disvā mama mahantaṃ yasaṃ dātukāmo bhavissatī’’ti sañjātasomanasso mudūhi latāhi pañjare katvā padumehi chādetvā vuttanayeneva te gahetvā agamāsi. Tamatthaṃ pakāsento satthā āha –
听到这话,内侍便说:『诸位尊者,莫要喜欢观看国王的容颜,毕竟国王是极为威严可畏的,开玩笑或者殴打都不可。』此时速莫呼答道:『确切地说,尊者们勿要担心,我对这严厉法义的讲说少有柔和,我有什么不会晓得的,国王乃是聪明之人,善解善说,听了不久就到国王面前去。同时引导时不以束缚为引导,不坐于花门之内,正值瑞相的巨大莲花床上,而我则把小而平凡的莲花床放在巨大莲花床前面。国王在我后方位置较低,我拎着行李迅速前往国王那里会见。』听了他这话,国王看见速莫呼便想,我要给予这人灿烂的名望,于是在柔软的藤条织成的笼子里用莲花覆盖着,把这些人收进去后离开。对此加以表明,佛陀说——
§110
110.
‘‘Iccevaṃ vutto nesādo, hemavaṇṇe harittace;
如此说道内侍,身披黄色与绿衣,
Ubho hatthehi saṅgayha, pañjare ajjhavodahi.
两手紧紧相握,共守着用藤条编结的牢笼。
§111
111.
‘‘Te pañjaragate pakkhī, ubho bhassaravaṇṇine;
『这些鸟被笼子困住,二者都具明亮的羽毛,
Sumukhaṃ dhataraṭṭhañca, luddo ādāya pakkamī’’ti.
持有红色的嘴和锋利的爪子,便飞离笼中。』
Tattha ajjhavodahīti odahi ṭhapesi. Bhassaravaṇṇineti pabhāsampannavaṇṇe.
其中,『投入』者,放置、安置也。『具光辉之色』者,具备光泽之色彩也。
Evaṃ luddassa te ādāya pakkamanakāle dhataraṭṭho pākahaṃsarājadhītaraṃ attano bhariyaṃ saritvā sumukhaṃ āmantetvā kilesavasena vilapi. Tamatthaṃ pakāsento satthā āha –
这样,当鸟儿携爪飞离时,锋锐的爪子搭在河神之妻身上,对她说话诉说烦恼。对此苦楚显露,世尊说—
§112
112.
‘‘Harīyamāno dhataraṭṭho, sumukhaṃ etadabravi;
「正在策马奔跑者勇者」对「面相端正者」如此说:
Bāḷhaṃ bhāyāmi sumukha, sāmāya lakkhaṇūruyā;
「面相端正者,我极为畏惧;你有异于常人的特征。」
Asmākaṃ vadhamaññāya, athattānaṃ vadhissati.
「为了我们之死,必有人实实际际地要杀你。」
§113
113.
「第十一三章。」
‘‘Pākahaṃsā ca sumukha, suhemā hemasuttacā;
「此乃『面相端正者』与『乘雪白天鹅』、『光明善美的金色布』相关,」
Koñcī samuddatīreva, kapaṇā nūna rucchatī’’ti.
「犹如在海岸上出现的白鹭,或许美丽动人。」
Tattha bhāyāmīti maraṇato bhāyāmi. Sāmāyāti suvaṇṇavaṇṇāya. Lakkhaṇūruyāti lakkhaṇasampannaūruyā. Vacamaññāyāti vadhaṃ jānitvā ‘‘mama piyasāmiko mārito’’ti saññī hutvā. Vadhissatīti kiṃ me piyasāmike mate jīvitenāti marissati. Pākahaṃsāti pākahaṃsarājadhītā. Suhemāti evaṃnāmikā. Hemasuttacāti hemasadisasundaratacā. Rucchatīti yathā loṇisaṅkhātaṃ samuddaṃ otaritvā mate patimhi koñcī sakuṇikā kapaṇā rodati, evaṃ nūna sā rodissatīti.
在此,『bhāyāmi』意为因死亡而生恐惧。『Sāmāya』意指黄金色泽。『Lakkhaṇūruyā』指具有相好性质的鹭鸟。『Vacamaññā』是了解杀戮的智慧,心中知悉『我的爱护者已被杀』而生此认知。『Vadhissatī』意思是:我为何要为我的爱护者而活,故将死去。『Pākahaṃsā』是天鹅王之女。『Suhemā』为其名。『Hemasutta』是黄金美妙庄严的金色经。『Rucchatī』如同海浪拍打盐水而在我丈夫处哭泣的鹭鸟,此鸟必然会哭泣。
Taṃ sutvā sumukho ‘‘ayaṃ haṃsarājā aññe ovadituṃ yutto mātugāmaṃ nissāya kilesavasena vilapati, udakassa ādittakālo viya vatiyā uṭṭhāya kedārakhādanakālo viya ca jāto, yaṃnūnāhaṃ attano balena mātugāmassa dosaṃ pakāsetvā etaṃ saññāpeyya’’nti cintetvā gāthamāha –
闻此,苏摩呼心想:『此天鹅王依赖母族村落,本该以母族为主,正因烦恼而哀哭;如同水被火点燃,迅速升腾,如同刚出生时食食草叶之时,我若用自身力量点明母族的过失,则其可令其觉悟。』于是他思索并诵唱偈语——
§114
114.
一百一十四。
‘‘Evaṃ mahanto lokassa, appameyyo mahāgaṇī;
『如此伟大于世间,广大不可测,
Ekitthimanusoceyya, nayidaṃ paññavatāmiva.
凡夫应当憎恶他,非似智慧者。
§115
115.
一百一十五。
‘‘Vātova gandhamādeti, ubhayaṃ chekapāpakaṃ;
『风』如同香气般飘散,二者均为恶臭之物;
Bālo āmakapakkaṃva, lolo andhova āmisaṃ.
愚者如同未熟的果实,痴人如盲目沉溺于欲望之中。
§116
116.
‘‘Avinicchayaññu atthesu, mandova paṭibhāsi maṃ;
『无知者』于利益无知,愚钝如同反光者照映我;
Kiccākiccaṃ na jānāsi, sampatto kālapariyāyaṃ.
事理无所知晓,已届时节变化。
§117
117.
‘‘Aḍḍhummatto udīresi, yo seyyā maññasitthiyo;
『半醉者为恶,若以为上者不善』者,
Bahusādhāraṇā hetā, soṇḍānaṃva surāgharaṃ.
谓彼多有恶因,如断秃头与破庙相似。
§118
118.
此为第百十八偈。
‘‘Māyā cetā marīcī ca, sokā rogā cupaddavā;
『妄想与迷惑,以及忧愁病苦,』
Kharā ca bandhanā cetā, maccupāsā guhāsayā;
『严厉之拘束与死亡之索皆为藏匿;』
Tāsu yo vissase poso, so naresu narādhamo’’ti.
『若依赖于此者,则为人中之劣人』云。
Tattha mahantoti mahanto samāno. Lokassāti haṃsalokassa. Appameyyoti guṇehi pametuṃ asakkuṇeyyo. Mahāgaṇīti mahantena gaṇena samannāgato gaṇasatthā. Ekitthinti yaṃ evarūpo bhavaṃ ekaṃ itthiṃ anusoceyya, idaṃ anusocanaṃ na paññavataṃ iva, tenāhaṃ ajja taṃ bāloti maññāmīti adhippāyenevamāha.
那里,“mahanta”者,意为“大”或“广大”,比喻为与世间相比之广大。“Lokassa”指世间;以“haṃsa”(天鹅)喻称世间。Appameyyo意为无法用般配的德行来比拟者,称为难及者。Mahāgaṇi者,即由广大众多组成的集会负责人。Ekitthi者,谓若有人凭单一不变的样子贬损女人,此种贬损非智者所为,故有人今日说“我以为那是愚人”,由此得出此说。
Ādetīti gaṇhāti. Chekapāpakanti sundarāsundaraṃ. Āmakapakkati āmakañca pakkañca. Loloti rasalolo. Idaṃ vuttaṃ hoti – mahārāja, yathā nāma vāto padumasarādīni paharitvā sugandhampi saṅkāraṭṭhānādīni paharitvā duggandhampīti ubhayaṃ chekapāpakaṃ gandhaṃ ādiyati, yathā ca bālo kumārako ambajambūnaṃ heṭṭhā nisinno hatthaṃ pasāretvā patitapatitaṃ āmakampi pakkampi phalaṃ gahetvā khādati, yathā ca rasalolo andho bhatte upanīte yaṃkiñci samakkhikampi nimmakkhikampi āmisaṃ ādiyati, evaṃ itthiyo nāma kilesavasena aḍḍhampi duggatampi kulīnampi akulīnampi abhirūpampi virūpampi gaṇhanti bhajanti, tādisānaṃ pāpadhammānaṃ itthīnaṃ kiṃkāraṇā vippalapasi, mahārājāti.
Ādeti即“拿取”。Chekapāpakanti形容事物既有美好又有丑恶。Āmakapakka者,熟果与青果之对。Loloti即渴望、爱好。此处所说比喻,谓如同国王,风吹袭干莲花瓣及香气之处,尘埃、异味随之残留;如同顽童坐于林下,伸手采摘飘落的熟果与青果;又如嗜味者尝尽各种肉食。诸女人亦如是,因烦恼习气,既有善美亦有恶丑,贵贱暨貌丑同列,诸恶习俗在女人中令人惊异,此乃国王之言。
Atthesūti kāraṇākāraṇesu. Mandoti andhabālo. Paṭibhāsi manti mama upaṭṭhāsi. Kālapariyāyanti evarūpaṃ maraṇakālaṃ patto ‘‘imasmiṃ kāle idaṃ kattabbaṃ, idaṃ nakattabbaṃ, idaṃ vattabbaṃ, idaṃ na vattabba’’nti na jānāsi devāti. Aḍḍhummattoti aḍḍhummattako maññe hutvā. Udīresīti yathā suraṃ pivitvā nātimatto puriso yaṃ vā taṃ vā palapati, evaṃ palapasīti attho. Seyyāti varā uttamā.
其中,『于诸事』者,于有因与无因之事也。『愚钝』者,盲愚也。『显现于我』者,来侍候我也。『死亡之时节』者,到了如此死亡之时刻,却不知天人啊:『此时应做此事,不应做彼事;应说此语,不应说彼语』也。『有如半醉之人』者,仿佛半醉之状也。『胡言』者,其义如是:犹如人饮酒后尚未大醉,信口胡言,汝亦如此胡言也。『殊胜』者,上好、最上也。
‘‘Māyā cā’’tiādīsu, deva, itthiyo nāmetā vañcanaṭṭhena māyā, agayhupagaṭṭhena marīcī, sokādīnaṃ paccayattā sokā, rogā, anekappakārā upaddavā, kodhādīhi thaddhabhāveneva kharā. Tā hi nissāya andubandhanādīhi bandhanato bandhanā cetā, itthiyo nāma sarīraguhāsayavaseneva maccu nāma etā, devāti. ‘‘Kāmahetu, kāmanidānaṃ, kāmādhikaraṇaṃ, kāmānameva hetu rājāno coraṃ gahetvā’’ti (ma. ni. 1.168-169) suttenapesa attho dīpetabbo.
‘‘Māyā cā’’意指女人名为因欺骗而生之虚幻。众生如同鱼饵之上色彩斑斓之诱饵,女人依此种种迷惑而遭苦恼。诸烦恼、疾病由此生,愤怒等情以此作怪。女人因被无明、烦恼束缚,恰如于身体藏处存有死肉,故谓之女人亦为死者。经文中谓“因欲行,因欲生,欲为缘,执欲为王盗”,可据此明解。
Tato dhataraṭṭho mātugāme paṭibaddhacittatāya ‘‘tvaṃ mātugāmassa guṇaṃ na jānāsi, paṇḍitā eva etaṃ jānanti, na hetā garahitabbā’’ti dīpento āha –
继而【论】以德行未明、心志不坚定比喻一愚人言:“你不识女人之德,唯有智者能识此,莫以非因妄揣。”此语光明照示,意在教诲。
§119
119.
【数目仅为章句编号,非经文内容】
‘‘Yaṃ vuddhehi upaññātaṃ, ko taṃ ninditumarahati;
若有智者所见真理者,谁能加以毁谤?
Mahābhūtitthiyo nāma, lokasmiṃ udapajjisuṃ.
名为大本因者,世间诸有由此而生。
§120
120.
‘‘Khiḍḍā paṇihitā tyāsu, rati tyāsu patiṭṭhitā;
其中藏有被播种的种子,心欢喜而安住其内;
Bījāni tyāsu rūhanti, yadidaṃ sattā pajāyare;
且这些种子生长,于有情众生之中;
Tāsu ko nibbide poso, pāṇamāsajja pāṇibhi.
又谁能厌恶养护这些众生,生生不息如手护手般?
§121
121.
‘‘Tvameva nañño sumukha, thīnaṃ atthesu yuñjasi;
『唯有汝为善面者,善于体察女人的利害;
Tassa tyajja bhaye jāte, bhīte na jāyate mati.
其人舍离恐怖生起之后,恐惧心意不再生起。』
§122
122.
‘‘Sabbo hi saṃsayaṃ patto, bhayaṃ bhīrū titikkhati;
『一切疑惑果已得,恐怖者勇猛而忍耐;
Paṇḍitā ca mahantāno, atthe yuñjanti duyyuje.
广大智慧者,皆于利害之间妙用其智。』
§123
123.
‘‘Etadatthāya rājāno, sūramicchanti mantinaṃ;
『国王们因此意欲图谋惊扰,企图策划阴谋;
Paṭibāhati yaṃ sūro, āpadaṃ attapariyāyaṃ.
勇士所抵挡的是针对本人及其分内之事的危难。』
§124
124.
‘‘Mā no ajja vikantiṃsu, rañño sūdā mahānase;
『今日愿君王面无恐惧,不要生惧怕之心;
Tathā hi vaṇṇo pattānaṃ, phalaṃ veḷuṃva taṃ vadhi.
正如果实成熟,颜色亦随之转变般。』
§125
125.
‘‘Muttopi na icchi uḍḍetuṃ, sayaṃ bandhaṃ upāgami;
“既不愿意自己起来行动,就靠近束缚;
Sopajja saṃsayaṃ patto, atthaṃ gaṇhāhi mā mukha’’nti.
这样就会陷入怀疑,莫要放弃其义。”
Tattha yanti yaṃ mātugāmasaṅkhātaṃ vatthu paññāvuddhehi ñātaṃ, tesameva pākaṭaṃ, na bālānaṃ. Mahābhūtāti mahāguṇā mahānisaṃsā. Udapajjisunti paṭhamakappikakāle itthiliṅgasseva paṭhamaṃ pātubhūtattā paṭhamaṃ nibbattāti attho. Tyāsūti sumukha tāsu itthīsu kāyavacīkhiḍḍā ca paṇihitā ohitā ṭhapitā, kāmaguṇarati ca patiṭṭhitā. Bījānīti buddhapaccekabuddhaariyasāvakacakkavattiādibījāni tāsu ruhanti. Yadidanti ye ete sabbepi sattā. Pajāyareti sabbe tāsaññeva kucchimhi saṃvaddhāti dīpeti. Nibbideti nibbindeyya. Pāṇamāsajja pāṇibhīti attano pāṇehipi tāsaṃ pāṇaṃ āsādetvā attano jīvitaṃ cajantopi tā labhitvā ko nibbindeyyāti attho.
这里说的是,凡是被称为母类的根本事物,由具足智慧之人所认识,显然如此,非愚人所能知。所谓大实体者,即为大特质、大本性。所谓“初生”,指初出现在第一劫初期的女性,如同初显现的雌性,意谓首现的起源始成。所谓“舍弃”,指已被安置、固定者,女性的身语行为沉溺其中,依止欲乐。所谓“种子”,是指佛、辟支佛、圣辩士、比库、世主等的根源种族均生长于此。所谓“俗众”,指所有有情。所谓“发生生育”,意谓众生在母体的腹中增长并培养生命。所谓“厌弃”,应当厌弃。若有人欲取舍,则如同手握着他人的手,却舍弃自己的生命,反问谁应当厌弃,如此之义。
Naññoti na añño, sumukha, mayā cittakūṭatale haṃsagaṇamajjhe nisinnena taṃ adisvā ‘‘kahaṃ nu sumukho’’ti vutte ‘‘esa mātugāmaṃ gahetvā kañcanaguhāyaṃ uttamaratiṃ anubhotī’’ti vadanti, evaṃ tvameva thīnaṃ atthesu yuñjasi yuttapayutto hosi, na aññoti attho. Tassa tyajjāti tassa te ajja maraṇabhaye jāte iminā bhītena maraṇabhayena bhīto maññe, ayaṃ mātugāmassa dosadassane nipuṇā mati jāyateti adhippāyenevamāha.
所谓“无他”,是指“无他者”也。我在心山之下,坐于天鹅群中,见到被称为“谁是悦人者”时,有人说:“此母群得以享受金穴高乐。”如此,你正投入女性之事,愿你得其正道,不能说无他。此处弃之者,即今因生死恐怖而惧怖死亡,认为其为母体缺陷之所致,这正是一种精良疾智,谓其见有所制。
Sabbo hīti yo hi koci. Saṃsayaṃ pattoti jīvitasaṃsayappatto. Bhīrūti bhīrū hutvāpi bhayaṃ adhivāseti. Mahantānoti ye pana paṇḍitā ca honti mahante ca ṭhāne ṭhitā mahantāno, te duyyuje atthe yuñjanti ghaṭenti vāyamanti, tasmā ‘‘mā bhāyi, dhīro hohī’’ti taṃ ussāhento evamāha. Āpadanti sāmino āgataṃ āpadaṃ esa sūro paṭibāhati, etadatthāya sūraṃ mantinaṃ icchanti. Attapariyāyanti attano parittāṇampi ca kātuṃ sakkotīti adhippāyo.
所谓“全部”,即是所有。所谓“得疑”,指生死存疑。所谓“胆怯”,就算胆怯仍被惧怖压制。所谓“伟大头目”,是指有智慧且居于显著地位的贤者,他们为自己利益而奋斗、努力不懈,因此劝说:“莫恐惧,勇敢为智者”。所谓“祸患至”,灾难来临时,勇士能抵御灾难,因缘这种愿力故,勇士得以显现。所谓“自护”,是指能保护自己并能保护相伴者,谓此意已达。因此谓之“有智慧之决断”。
Vikantiṃsūti chindiṃsu. Idaṃ vuttaṃ hoti – samma sumukha, tvaṃ mayā attano anantare ṭhāne ṭhapito, tasmā yathā ajja rañño sūdā amhe maṃsatthāya na vikantiṃsu, tathā karohi, tādiso hi amhākaṃ pattavaṇṇo. Taṃ vadhīti svāyaṃ vaṇṇo yathā nāma veḷuṃ nissāya jātaṃ phalaṃ veḷumeva vadhati, tathā mā taṃ vadhi, tañca mañca mā vadhīti adhippāyenevamāha.
他们已崩散、已分离。此言意指:正当你在我所布置的自身相续之处居住时,因此如今日王为我利益尚未崩散,汝亦当如是行。此等者即为我之所获取之色。杀之谓杀,如同蔓生的蔓草依赖蔓旁而生的果实,果实生于蔓上,则蔓果俱被杀。你勿杀之,亦勿使其死,此命令即如是所示。
Muttopīti yathāsukhaṃ cittakūṭapabbataṃ gacchāti evaṃ luddaputtena mayā saddhiṃ mutto vissajjito samānopi uḍḍituṃ na icchi. Sayanti rājānaṃ daṭṭhukāmo hutvā sayameva bandhaṃ upagatoti evamidaṃ amhākaṃ bhayaṃ taṃ nissāya āgataṃ. Sopajjāti sopi ajja jīvitasaṃsayaṃ patto. Atthaṃ gaṇhāhi mā mukhanti idāni amhākaṃ muñcanakāraṇaṃ gaṇha, yathā muccāma, tathā vāyama, ‘‘vātova gandhamādetī’’tiādīni vadanto itthigarahatthāya mukhaṃ mā pasārayi.
"释怀"者,犹如安然游行于心之山丘,如同小鹿与我同奔共散,不愿彼此翱翔。其赖于欲见王而安卧,故亲自就缚。由此便生我辈恐惧,正因此而来。今亦随其往复而生死之疑。抓住要义,莫启口中,以助我等解除束缚。如同若要解缚,努力而为。又言“如风带香”等,意为勿吐露口鼻。
Evaṃ mahāsatto mātugāmaṃ vaṇṇetvā sumukhaṃ appaṭibhāṇaṃ katvā tassa anattamanabhāvaṃ viditvā idāni naṃ paggaṇhanto gāthamāha –
如是,大勇者向母族村落作叙述,正面表白后立刻识知其无我本质,如今不再执取,遂迎其言者,称曰:
§126
126.
‘‘So taṃ yogaṃ payuñjassu, yuttaṃ dhammūpasaṃhitaṃ;
“愿汝安住彼道,契合正法真理;
Tava pariyāpadānena, mama pāṇesanaṃ carā’’ti.
愿汝以守护自身,行于我生命边沿。”
Tattha soti, samma sumukha, so tvaṃ. Taṃ yoganti yaṃ pubbe ‘‘ahaṃ yogaṃ payuñjissaṃ, yuttaṃ dhammūpasaṃhita’’nti avacāsi, taṃ idāni payuñjassu. Tava pariyāpadānenāti tava tena yogena parisuddhena. ‘‘Pariyodātenā’’tipi pāṭho, parittāṇenāti attho, tayā katattā tava santakena parittāṇena mama jīvitapariyesanaṃ carāti adhippāyo.
其时,修习正法、正道的善根被修习者即是你。那正法的修习即是此前他宣说过的“我将修习正法,谨守正法”,今时便将修习。此处所说你所广修的,乃指你以此修持洁净的正法。文中“pariyodātenā”一词,本经有诵本作“parittāṇenāti”,意即守护之意,此为修持者以你坚固的守护,来维持我生命之所托付的坚定契机。
Atha sumukho ‘‘ayaṃ ativiya maraṇabhayabhīto mama ñāṇabalaṃ na jānāti, rājānaṃ disvā thokaṃ kathaṃ labhitvā jānissāmi, assāsessāmi tāva na’’nti cintetvā gāthamāha –
随后那善根修持者念曰:“我极恐惧死亡,不具如实智力,不知君王所在,无计可施,难以获得其相,恐怖至极。”思虑这般,遂以偈语称说——
§127
127.
‘‘Mā bhāyi patataṃ seṭṭha, na hi bhāyanti tādisā;
“莫恐怖陨落者最胜,彼类恐惧非实有;
Ahaṃ yogaṃ payuñjissaṃ, yuttaṃ dhammūpasaṃhitaṃ;
我将勤修正道法,谨守法理不妄行;
Mama pariyāpadānena, khippaṃ pāsā pamokkhasī’’ti.
以我勤谨守护法,速解结缚获自由。”
Tattha pāsāti dukkhapāsato.
在那里,『pāsāti』意为『被束缚』,用以说明他处于苦的束缚之中。
Iti tesaṃ sakuṇabhāsāya kathentānaṃ luddaputto na kiñci aññāsi, kevalaṃ pana te kājenādāya bārāṇasiṃ pāvisi. Acchariyabbhutajātena añjalinā mahājanena anuggacchamāno so rājadvāraṃ patvā attano āgatabhāvaṃ rañño ārocāpesi. Tamatthaṃ pakāsento satthā āha –
关于他们以鸟语交谈时,鲁达子毫无所知,只是因为业务的缘故进入了巴拉那城。当他因诧异奇特之事而合掌礼拜,跟随群众来到城门时,他抵达城门,将自己到来的状况告诉了国王。为此,世尊显现出这种情形,并宣说:
§128
128.
‘‘So luddo haṃsakājena, rājadvāraṃ upāgami;
『那个鲁达他因天鹅般优美的技艺,来到了王城的城门;
Paṭivedetha maṃ rañño, dhataraṭṭhāyamāgato’’ti.
请将我呈献给国王,我是为了保护国土而来的。』
Tattha paṭivedetha manti khemako āgatoti evaṃ maṃ rañño nivedetha. Dhataraṭṭhāyanti ayaṃ dhataraṭṭho āgatoti paṭivedetha.
此处他说:请将我呈献给国王。犍陀罗长者将这话转达给国王,『dhatarattha』意即『护国者』,他也这样转达了。
Dovāriko gantvā paṭivedesi. Rājā sañjātasomanasso ‘‘khippaṃ āgacchatū’’ti vatvā amaccagaṇaparivuto samussitasetacchatte rājapallaṅke nisinno khemakaṃ haṃsakājaṃ ādāya mahātalaṃ abhiruḷhaṃ disvā suvaṇṇavaṇṇe haṃse oloketvā ‘‘sampuṇṇo me manoratho’’ti tassa kattabbakiccaṃ amacce āṇāpesi. Tamatthaṃ pakāsento satthā āha –
护卫前去之后,将情形报告。国王心神忧郁,便言『快快前来』,召集群臣围绕。众臣聚集于一顶白色帐篷,国王端坐御榻,手持象征和平的天鹅羽毛,俯视深渊。目睹一只金色天鹅,心中欣喜满足,遂告臣下吩咐任务。为显明此意,世尊告诫说:
§129
129.
‘‘Te disvā puññasaṅkāse, ubho lakkhaṇasammate;
『见此功德兆象,两种征相俱足;
Khalu saṃyamano rājā, amacce ajjhabhāsatha.
王乃自制守持,今应告知群臣。』
§130
130.
‘‘Detha luddassa vatthāni, annaṃ pānañca bhojanaṃ;
『当以麻布衣服,供以饮食食粮;』
Kāmaṃkaro hiraññassa, yāvanto esa icchatī’’ti.
“黄金的欲行者,所谓此乃其所欲。”
Tattha puññasaṅkāseti attano puññasadise. Lakkhaṇasammateti seṭṭhasammate abhiññāte. Khalūti nipāto, tassa ‘‘te khalu disvā’’ti purimapadena sambandho. ‘‘Dethā’’tiādīni rājā pasannākāraṃ karonto āha. Tattha kāmaṃkaro hiraññassāti hiraññaṃ assa kāmakiriyā atthu. Yāvantoti yattakaṃ esa icchati, tattakaṃ hiraññamassa dethāti attho.
其中“功德积聚”意指其自身功德的聚集。所谓“特征一致”,即是最上者所公认、已被彻悟者所辨明的。谓词“确实”用以强调,“此事确如此”,此为前文之关联语。接着“你看见了”等词,王脸带喜色说道。此处“黄金的欲行者”意指黄金是其欲行因果的体性。“所谓此乃其所欲”,意即所谓其所欲即黄金,它即是那被施予的东西。
Evaṃ pasannākāraṃ kāretvā pītisomanassāsamussahito ‘‘gacchatha naṃ alaṅkaritvā ānethā’’ti āha. Atha naṃ amaccā rājanivesanā otāretvā kappitakesamassuṃ nhātānulittaṃ sabbālaṅkārapaṭimaṇḍitaṃ katvā rañño dassesuṃ. Athassa rājā saṃvacchare satasahassuṭṭhānake dvādasa gāme ājaññayuttaṃ rathaṃ alaṅkatamahāgehañcāti mahantaṃ yasaṃ dāpesi. So mahantaṃ yasaṃ labhitvā attano kammaṃ pakāsetuṃ ‘‘na te, deva, mayā yo vā so vā haṃso ānīto, ayaṃ pana navutiyā haṃsasahassānaṃ rājā dhataraṭṭho nāma, ayaṃ senāpati sumukho nāmā’’ti āha . Atha naṃ rājā ‘‘kathaṃ te, samma, ete gahitā’’ti pucchi. Tamatthaṃ pakāsento satthā āha –
于是王展现喜悦之色,内心充满欢喜鼓舞,嘱咐“去吧,不必装饰,亲自带来”。其后臣下驱车出王宫,亲手擦洗整饰折磨之象,悉以各种装饰围绕,献于王前。王慷慨赐予十二座村落,每年与一百千头辉煌彩车,并赠予巨额荣耀。得此其荣耀,王明了自己所行业之果,言“天啊,不是被我带来,或是他来,而是此乃有九十万只天鹅者,名为护卫的大军统帅”,遂言:“这护卫大军统帅乃是斯人。”王询问“这护卫大军统帅到底是谁,正当为何?”经师(释者)为明了此意答曰——
§131
131.
‘‘Disvā luddaṃ pasannattaṃ, kāsirājā tadabravi;
“见其苇草之处兴致盎然,迦尸国王言:
Yadyāyaṃ samma khemaka, puṇṇā haṃsehi tiṭṭhati.
‘此乃安稳之所,满盈天鹅栖息。’”
§132
132.
‘‘Kathaṃ rucimajjhagataṃ, pāsahattho upāgami;
『如何在湖心处,亲近水边的人聚集;
Okiṇṇaṃ ñātisaṅghehi, nimmajjhimaṃ kathaṃ gahī’’ti.
被亲族伙伴所淹没,潜没其中,是如何做到的?』
Tattha pasannattanti pasannabhāvaṃ somanassappattaṃ. Yadyāyanti, samma khemaka, yadi ayaṃ amhākaṃ pokkharaṇī navutihaṃsasahassehi puṇṇā tiṭṭhati. Kathaṃ rucimajjhagatanti evaṃ sante tvaṃ tesaṃ rucīnaṃ piyadassanānaṃ haṃsānaṃ majjhagataṃ etaṃ ñātisaṅghehi okiṇṇaṃ. Nimmajjhimanti neva majjhimaṃ neva kaniṭṭhaṃ uttamaṃ haṃsarājānaṃ kathaṃ pāsahattho upāgami kathaṃ gaṇhīti.
这里所说的是欢喜之情,即清净欢喜。若说,真正安稳无碍者,是我们这池塘中有九十只天鹅聚满归栖。何以说“在湖心”呢?因为你们这些欢乐的、可爱的、亲爱的天鹅们,正被亲族伙伴淹没。所谓“潜没”,既非中间,也非边缘,既非年幼,也非长老的天鹅王,如何来亲近水边,如何接受呢?
So tassa kathento āha –
他说这话时说──
§133
133.
‘‘Ajja me sattamā ratti, adanāni upāsato;
『今天是我第七夜,正在进行持戒的修行者;』
Padametassa anvesaṃ, appamatto ghaṭassito.
『我应顺其言而追求,不放逸,守护正念而依止戒律。』
§134
134.
‘‘Athassa padamaddakkhiṃ, carato adanesanaṃ;
『于是目见其言,行于持戒之道;』
Tatthāhaṃ odahiṃ pāsaṃ, evaṃ taṃ dijamaggahi’’nti.
『我即如是,捕获网罗,于此得道。』
Tattha adanānīti ādānāni, gocaraggahaṇaṭṭhānānīti attho, ayameva vā pāṭho. Upāsatoti upagacchantassa. Padanti gocarabhūmiyaṃ akkantapadaṃ. Ghaṭassitoti cāṭipañjare nissito hutvā. Athassāti atha chaṭṭhe divase etassa adanesanaṃ carantassa padaṃ addakkhiṃ. Evaṃ tanti evaṃ taṃ dijaṃ aggahinti sabbaṃ gahitopāyaṃ ācikkhi.
此处“阿达纳尼”意为“摄取之处”,即“执持所在”,也是一段经文的本义。持戒者(Upāsata)意为“前来修习者”。“帕丹提”是指“执持戒律的法地”,即“修行之地”。“迦塔斯瑟堤”谓依於戒竹栏而住。此处“阿塔萨”指“第七夜”,当时观其持戒行法的言辞。全文谓“如此、如是捕获殊胜之道”,说明戒律是全备的获得之道。
Taṃ sutvā rājā ‘‘ayaṃ dvāre ṭhatvā paṭivedentopi dhataraṭṭhassevāgamanaṃ paṭivedesi, idānipi etaṃ ekameva gaṇhinti vadati, kiṃ nu kho ettha kāraṇa’’nti cintetvā gāthamāha –
王闻此便思惟说:『此人在门口站立并告知三军出行事,现今仅一军独自承负此事,此中因由何在?』又思量后而说偈曰:
§135
135.
‘‘Ludda dve ime sakuṇā, atha ekoti bhāsasi;
『两只麻鹭都叫唤,你却说只有一只鸟;
Cittaṃ nu te vipariyattaṃ, adu kiṃ nu jigīsasī’’ti.
心意岂非错乱?为何还要争执起来?』
Tattha vipariyattanti vipallatthaṃ. Adu kiṃ nu jigīsasīti udāhu kiṃ nu cintesi, kiṃ itaraṃ gahetvā aññassa dātukāmo hutvā cintesīti pucchati.
此中『心意错乱』者,即颠倒邪妄之意;『为何争执?』者,问其意为何不合,是否有意取他物而为他人施舍,乃生疑虑问之。
Tato luddo ‘‘na me, deva, cittaṃ vipallatthaṃ, nāpi ahaṃ itaraṃ aññassa dātukāmo, apica kho pana mayā ohite pāse ekova baddho’’ti āvi karonto āha –
那麻鹭答曰:『天啊,我心不颠倒,亦无意取他人之物。我不过是被囚于同一困厄之中,连系缠缚不可挣脱罢了。』说毕如此说明。
§136
136.
‘‘Yassa lohitakā tālā, tapanīyanibhā subhā;
『其臂如红棕榈,色泽光润明亮,
Uraṃ saṃhacca tiṭṭhanti, so me bandhaṃ upāgami.
胸膛紧实挺立,此者即是束缚我者临近。』
§137
137.
‘‘Athāyaṃ bhassaro pakkhī, abaddho baddhamāturaṃ;
『如今这光明之鸟,尚未受束缚者,
Ariyaṃ bruvāno aṭṭhāsi, cajanto mānusiṃ gira’’nti.
说出圣言而站立,舍弃人间的言语。』
Tattha lohitakāti rattavaṇṇā. Lātāti rājiyo. Uraṃ saṃhaccāti uraṃ āhacca. Idaṃ vuttaṃ hoti – mahārāja, yassetā rattasuvaṇṇasappaṭibhāgā tisso lohitakā rājiyo gīvaṃ parikkhipitvā uraṃ āhacca tiṭṭhanti, so ekova mama pāse bandhaṃ upāgatoti. Bhassaroti parisuddho pabhāsampanno. Āturanti gilānaṃ dukkhitaṃ aṭṭhāsīti.
此处“lohitakā”意为红色的,如血色光辉。“Lātā”指王族之人。“Uraṃ saṃhacca”意为胸部用力推挤。释义为:有言曰——大王啊,若有三名红衣王族,将舌头伸出,胸膛用力推挤而站立者,此乃唯独我一人所系之纽带。‘Bhassaroti’谓言语纯净光明。‘Āturanti’指患者痛苦不适。
Atha dhataraṭṭhassa baddhabhāvaṃ ñatvā nivattitvā etaṃ samassāsetvā mamāgamanakāle ca paccuggamanaṃ katvā ākāseyeva mayā saddhiṃ madhurapaṭisanthāraṃ katvā manussabhāsāya dhataraṭṭhassa guṇaṃ kathento aṭṭhāsi, mama hadayaṃ mudukaṃ katvā puna etasseva purato aṭṭhāsi. Athāhaṃ, deva, sumukhassa subhāsitaṃ sutvā pasannacitto dhataraṭṭhaṃ vissajjesiṃ, iti dhataraṭṭhassa pāsato mokkho, ime haṃse ādāya mama idhāgamanañca sumukheneva katanti. Evaṃ so sumukhassa guṇakathaṃ kathesi. Taṃ sutvā rājā sumukhassa dhammakathaṃ sotukāmo ahosi. Luddaputtassa sakkāraṃ karontasseva sūriyo atthaṅgato, dīpā pajjalitā, bahū khattiyādayo sannipatitā, khemā devīpi vividhanāṭakaparivārā rañño dakkhiṇapasse nisīdi. Tasmiṃ khaṇe rājā sumukhaṃ kathāpetukāmo gāthamāha –
尔时,知晓铁铐所缚之苦,回转而离,终止杂乱行为。于我来时亦作回避,天上与我同声甜美相应,向人语赞说铁铐之德。我内心喜悦,再次于其之前驻立。之后,我闻天尊善言,喜心释怀铁铐,此即铁铐解除之缘起。此时,带来此鹤,我与善护同来。如是,其为善护赞颂。闻此,王欲闻善护之法语。王舍城卢陀频多日升如日轮照耀,众多王族会集,安全夫人亦携众多伎乐者坐于王南面。此时,王欲令善护开讲,乃唱偈曰——
§138
138.
‘‘Atha kiṃ dāni sumukha, hanuṃ saṃhacca tiṭṭhasi;
“那么现在,善护,你为何紧闭嘴唇站立?
Adu me parisaṃ patto, bhayā bhīto na bhāsasī’’ti.
我的随从已到,我因恐惧害怕,不敢言说。”
Tattha hanuṃ saṃhaccāti madhurakatho kira tvaṃ, atha kasmā idāni mukhaṃ pidhāya tiṭṭhasi. Adūti kacci. Bhayā bhītoti parisasārajjabhayena bhīto hutvā.
此中‘hanuṃ saṃhacca’意指言语甜美。然今为何闭口站立?是何由?因恐惧害怕,因众多疑惧而心生恐怖,故而畏惧不语。
Taṃ sutvā sumukho abhītabhāvaṃ dassento gāthamāha –
闻此,善来者以无畏之相示现,称诵偈言——
§139
139.
‘‘Nāhaṃ kāsipati bhīto, ogayha parisaṃ tava;
『我非迦尸城君王所畏,未为你们集会制造畏惧;
Nāhaṃ bhayā na bhāsissaṃ, vākyaṃ atthasmiṃ tādise’’ti.
我无惧恐,亦不说此义语辞。』
Tattha tādiseti apica kho pana tathārūpe atthe uppanne vākyaṃ bhāsissāmīti vacanokāsaṃ olokento nisinnomhīti attho.
此处「如此」等语,实则谓于此类事中,必有所发生言辞言说之时,观察言语之机缘而坐,此中义也。
Taṃ sutvā rājā tassa kathaṃ vaḍḍhetukāmatāya parihāsaṃ karonto āha –
闻此,国王为增长其欲,嘲讽而语——
§140
140.
一百四十。
‘‘Na te abhisaraṃ passe, na rathe napi pattike;
『汝不可于行路之处见,亦不可于车辆或船中见;
Nāssa cammaṃva kīṭaṃ vā, vammite ca dhanuggahe.
不可见如皮革般的虫,亦不可见于弓箭袋上。』
§141
141.
一百四十一。
‘‘Na hiraññaṃ suvaṇṇaṃ vā, nagaraṃ vā sumāpitaṃ;
『不可见黄金与纯金,亦不可见精美城池;
Okiṇṇaparikhaṃ duggaṃ, daḷhamaṭṭālakoṭṭhakaṃ;
不可见下陷的围墙坚固不良,厚重的木桩和竹笆。』
Yattha paviṭṭho sumukha, bhāyitabbaṃ na bhāyasī’’ti.
『云何入门而面向善人者,不应畏惧亦不恐惧』者,谓此。
Tattha abhisaranti rakkhaṇatthāya parivāretvā ṭhitaṃ āvudhahatthaṃ parisaṃ te na passāmi. Nāssāti ettha assāti nipātamattaṃ. Cammanti saraparittāṇacammaṃ. Kīṭanti kīṭaṃ cāṭikapālādi vuccati. Cāṭikapālahatthāpi te santike natthīti dīpeti. Vammiteti cammasannaddhe. Na hiraññanti yaṃ nissāya na bhāyasi, taṃ hiraññampi te na passāmi.
于彼处,护卫群众进趋,环绕而立,执持武器,但我未见他们。『无有』者指此处无尸,有尸者亦失于尸,『皮』者谓尽覆全身之皮,『虫』者称为虫及护虫者等,虽有护虫者之手,然于尔等近侧无其所在,故言之。『回吐』者谓身披皮甲者,『非黄金』者,非依赖将不畏惧之物,尔等亦见不为黄金也。
Evaṃ raññā ‘‘kiṃ te abhāyanakāraṇa’’nti vutte taṃ kathento āha –
如是,王闻其言曰:『何故使尔无惧?』彼答以此言。
§142
142.
‘‘Na me abhisarenattho, nagarena dhanena vā;
『我非为护卫,亦非因城中财物;
Apathena pathaṃ yāma, antalikkhecarā mayaṃ.
因崖谷之路行路,我们是在空中行者。』
§143
143.
‘‘Sutā ca paṇḍitā tyamhā, nipuṇā catthacintakā;
“听闻者与智者,在此地为明了此义的善思维者;
Bhāsematthavatiṃ vācaṃ, sacce cassa patiṭṭhito.
其所言语乃有义理且真实,真理成为其言论的根基。
§144
144.
‘‘Kiñca tuyhaṃ asaccassa, anariyassa karissati;
“至于你,对于不真实、非圣者,能成就何事?
Musāvādissa luddassa, bhaṇitampi subhāsita’’nti.
对说谎言而缺乏真诚者,即便言语优美,也必徒劳无益。”
Tattha abhisarenāti ārakkhaparivārena. Atthoti etena mama kiccaṃ natthi. Kasmā? Yasmā apathena tumhādisānaṃ amaggena pathaṃ māpetvā yāma, ākāsacārino mayanti. Paṇḍitā tyamhāti paṇḍitāti tayā sutāmhā, teneva kāraṇena amhākaṃ santikā dhammaṃ sotukāmo kira no gāhāpesi. Sacce cassāti sace pana tvaṃ sacce patiṭṭhito assa, atthavatiṃ kāraṇanissitaṃ vācaṃ bhāseyyāma. Asaccassāti vacīsaccarahitassa tava subhāsitaṃ muṇḍassa dantasūci viya kiṃ karissati.
此处所说『在路径上』者,谓受守护的范围之内。意即『因我无所事事』。为何如此?乃因天行众生乃于路径之外不行远出,故智慧者谓我等乐闻法音,因缘由是我等当闻法。若属真实,则若尔汝真实立足,当言具益之因缘而语。所谓不真实者,谓无实言语者,尔之善语犹如无齿之木梳,又能作何用?
Taṃ sutvā rājā ‘‘kasmā maṃ musāvādī anariyoti vadasi, kiṃ mayā kata’’nti āha. Atha naṃ sumukho ‘‘tena hi, mahārāja, suṇāhī’’ti vatvā āha –
闻此,王曰:『何故称我为妄语者、不圣者?我所为何?』时素面沙门答曰:『正因如此,尊王,诸人听之。』于是说——
§145
145.
‘‘Taṃ brāhmaṇānaṃ vacanā, imaṃ khemamakārayi;
『彼婆罗门众言,造此安全境;
Abhayañca tayā ghuṭṭhaṃ, imāyo dasadhā disā.
以无畏之布施,蔽十方山河。
§146
146.
‘‘Ogayha te pokkharaṇiṃ, vippasannodakaṃ suciṃ;
「请你们收集池水,其水清净澄澈;
Pahūtaṃ cādanaṃ tattha, ahiṃsā cettha pakkhinaṃ.
且有大量积蓄,且于此处无有伤害之心。」
§147
147.
‘‘Idaṃ sutvāna nigghosaṃ, āgatamha tavantike;
「闻此义时,我已静默肃然,来到你们近前;
Te te baddhasma pāsena, etaṃ te bhāsitaṃ musā.
尔等皆被桎梏缚缚,此语乃尔等谬妄无实之言。」
§148
148.
‘‘Musāvādaṃ purakkhatvā, icchālobhañca pāpakaṃ;
『不实语』者,先行不实语,及『欲贪』和『恶业』。
Ubhosandhimatikkamma, asātaṃ upapajjatī’’ti.
二者越过交界,生起虚妄。
Tattha tanti tvaṃ. Khemanti evaṃnāmikaṃ pokkharaṇiṃ. Ghuṭṭhanti catūsu kaṇṇesu ṭhatvā ghosāpitaṃ. Dasadhāti imāsu dasadhā ṭhitāsu disāsu tayā abhayaṃ ghuṭṭhaṃ. Ogayhāti ogāhetvā āgatānaṃ santikā. Pahūtaṃ cādananti pahūtañca padumapupphasāliādikaṃ adanaṃ. Idaṃ sutvānāti tesaṃ taṃ pokkharaṇiṃ ogāhetvā āgatānaṃ santikā idaṃ abhayaṃ sutvā tavantike tava samīpe tayā kāritapokkharaṇiṃ āgatāmhāti attho. Te teti te mayaṃ tava pāsena baddhā. Purakkhatvāti purato katvā . Icchālobhanti icchāsaṅkhātaṃ pāpakaṃ lobhaṃ. Ubhosandhinti ubhayaṃ devaloke ca manussaloke ca paṭisandhiṃ ime pāpadhamme purato katvā caranto puggalo sugatipaṭisandhiṃ atikkamitvā asātaṃ nirayaṃ upapajjatīti.
于此处,多重纤维也称作『绳索』。四条捆绑在耳朵处发响。十方诸处于这十方所立之处由你结成无畏索。『缚』者,缚紧;往来者之接近。大量召集,大量采纳莲花池等财物。闻此意,即以此索缚来者,使他们听闻无畏,靠近你身边。此即你由此作成的护池。『他们』,即我们被你绳索所缚。『前行』者,向前行;『欲贪』为名欲恶贪。『二交界』者,天地间二重接合。在此恶业先行者,越过善法天人地界交界而行,生虚妄堕于地狱。
Evaṃ parisamajjheyeva rājānaṃ lajjāpesi. Atha naṃ rājā ‘‘nāhaṃ, sumukha, tumhe māretvā maṃsaṃ khāditukāmo gaṇhāpesiṃ, paṇḍitabhāvaṃ pana vo sutvā subhāsitaṃ sotukāmo gaṇhāpesi’’nti pakāsento āha –
由此,君王自惭。尔时,君王语曰:『不,我,贤面者,非为杀害欲食其肉,乃闻贤智,欲听善说而召聚尔等。』
§149
149.
(断句数字)
‘‘Nāparajjhāma sumukha, napi lobhāva maggahiṃ;
『我不羞愧,贤面者,亦不因贪欲行道。』
Sutā ca paṇḍitātyattha, nipuṇā atthacintakā.
学识渊博者,称为智者,善于思考义理者称为智思者。
§150
150.
一百五十。
‘‘Appevatthavatiṃ vācaṃ, byāhareyyuṃ idhāgatā;
「适当意义的言辞,应在此处表达;
Tathā taṃ samma nesādo, vutto sumukha maggahī’’ti.
如此正确而非混乱的言辞,乃是美善的方途。」
Tattha nāparajjhāmāti mārento aparajjhati nāma, mayaṃ na mārema. Lobhāva maggahinti maṃsaṃ khāditukāmo hutvā lobhāva tumhe nāhaṃ aggahiṃ. Paṇḍitātyatthāti paṇḍitāti sutā attha. Atthacintakāti paṭicchannānaṃ atthānaṃ cintakā. Atthavatinti kāraṇanissitaṃ. Tathāti tena kāraṇena. Vuttoti mayā vutto hutvā. Sumukha, maggahīti, sumukhāti ālapati, ma-kāro padasandhikaro. Aggahīti dhammaṃ desetuṃ tumhe gaṇhi.
此处所说『莫退转』者,谓非我等所言的魔而能使之退转。『贪欲为途』,指因贪欲想食肉而生起,因贪欲你们不接纳我。『智者』意谓学识渊博者。『义思者』指思惟隐蔽义理者。『义思者』的依据是缘起,『如此』谓缘此因缘。『说』谓我所说。『美善路径』,『美善』者,言语流畅连绵无碍。『接纳』即你们应接受以示对法的随顺。
Taṃ sutvā sumukho ‘‘subhāsitaṃ sotukāmena ayuttaṃ te kataṃ, mahārājā’’ti vatvā āha –
闻此,美善之口即说:「『善言』欲闻而供养者,我已为汝等作,为大王。」于是称赞如是言。
§151
151.
‘‘Neva bhītā kāsipati, upanītasmiṃ jīvite;
‘绝不恐惧迦尸城,生命处于安稳之中;
Bhāsematthavatiṃ vācaṃ, sampattā kālapariyāyaṃ.
发言言语适切,时节适当恰当轮转。’
§152
152.
‘‘Yo migena migaṃ hanti, pakkhiṃ vā pana pakkhinā;
‘以猛兽猎杀猛兽,以飞鸟袭击飞鸟;
Sutena vā sutaṃ kiṇyā, kiṃ anariyataraṃ tato.
以犬杀犬,犹如此般,有何不合圣道之处?’
§153
153.
‘‘Yo cāriyarudaṃ bhāse, anariyadhammavassito;
‘若有人言不合圣贤之戒,违背圣法的行为,
Ubho so dhaṃsate lokā, idha ceva parattha ca.
此人在此世及他世皆堕毁灭。
§154
154.
‘‘Na majjetha yasaṃ patto, na byādhe pattasaṃsayaṃ;
‘若已得声誉不为所染,且无罹患疑惑,
Vāyametheva kiccesu, saṃvare vivarāni ca.
于所当行事勤精进,谨守远离放逸。’
§155
155.
‘‘Ye vuddhā abbhatikkantā, sampattā kālapariyāyaṃ;
“那些超越年老之人,已达圆满阶段,经过时间的转折;
Idha dhammaṃ caritvāna, evaṃte tidivaṃ gatā.
在此修行此法,便如是度过三昼夜。”
§156
156.
‘‘Idaṃ sutvā kāsipati, dhammamattani pālaya;
“迦尸城王听闻此语,亲自严守佛法;
Dhataraṭṭhañca muñcāhi, haṃsānaṃ pavaruttama’’nti.
释迦和他的国土都应远离,犹如远离游荡的鸿雁。”
Tattha upanītasminti maraṇasantikaṃ upanīte. Kālapariyāyanti maraṇakālavāraṃ sampattā samānā na bhāsissāma. Na hi dhammakathikaṃ bandhitvā maraṇabhayena tajjetvā dhammaṃ suṇanti, ayuttaṃ te katanti. Migenāti suṭṭhu sikkhāpitena dīpakamigena. Hantīti hanati. Pakkhināti dīpakapakkhinā. Sutenāti khemaṃ nibbhayanti vissutena dīpakamigapakkhisadisena padumasarena. Sutanti ‘‘paṇḍito citrakathī’’ti evaṃ sutaṃ dhammakathikaṃ. Kiṇyāti ‘‘dhammaṃ sossāmī’’ti pāsabandhanena yo kiṇeyya hiṃseyya bādheyya. Tatoti tesaṃ kiriyato uttari aññaṃ anariyataraṃ nāma kimatthi.
于此,所谓接近死亡者,即临近死亡的缓慢过程。围绕死亡时刻的现象已现,同时具足,无法避讳也不可言说。实非执着法义者因惧怖离弃死亡而听闻法者,彼等皆未接触真实法。此处“migenāti”是指由善护持者培训的指引明灯;“hantīti”谓杀害;“pakkhināti”指明灯的翅翼;“sutenāti”指安稳免怖,如同被明灯的翅膀所遮护并引领到莲花世界者。其法深闻谓智慧者是“妙语说者”,即经闻法师。何为“kiṇyāti”?即“愿闻法”者欲熄灭束缚、恶行与伤害者。此处“tatoti”指他们行为因果,后有更高非圣者不存在,他转向何义?
Ariyarudanti mukhena ariyavacanaṃ sundaravacanaṃ bhāsati. Anariyadhammavassitoti kammena anariyadhammaṃ avassito. Ubhoti devalokā ca manussalokā cāti ubhayamhā. Idha cevāti idha uppannopi parattha uppannopi evarūpo dvīhi sugatilokehi dhaṃsitvā nirayameva upapajjati. Pattasaṃsayanti jīvitasaṃsayamāpannampi dukkhaṃ patvā na kilameyya. Saṃvare vivarāni cāti attano chiddāni dvārāni saṃvareyya pidaheyya. Vuddhāti guṇavuddhā paṇḍitā. Abbhatikkantāti imaṃ manussalokaṃ atikkantā. Kālapariyāyanti maraṇakālapariyāyaṃ pattā hutvā. Evaṃteti evaṃ ete. Idanti idaṃ mayā vuttaṃ atthanissitaṃ vacanaṃ. Dhammanti paveṇiyadhammampi sucaritadhammampi.
圣者以其妙语妙语出言,非圣法者因业堕入非圣法中。所谓二者,乃天界与人间。此处所谓,虽在此界生,彼界亦出生,故于两个善趣界之间流转,终究堕入地狱受苦。虽生至此,依旧生死存疑,受苦不灭,任由伤害。所谓“saṃvare vivarāni”,是自我身心裂坏之门,须加节制约束。所谓“vuddhāti”,即智慧长养者。所谓“abbhatikkantāti”,是越出此人类世界者。所谓“kālapariyāyanti”,经历临终死亡时刻学法。诸法如是,诸法真理如是——此皆吾所说,义理确据。所谓“dhamma”,即合宜、善行之法。
Taṃ sutvā rājā āha –
闻此王曰:
§157
157.
‘‘Āharantudakaṃ pajjaṃ, āsanañca mahārahaṃ;
「请献饮水与床榻宽绰;
Pañjarato pamokkhāmi, dhataraṭṭhaṃ yasassinaṃ.
铁栏中放我脱身处,荣耀君王安然床榻。」
§158
158.
一百五十八。
‘‘Tañca senāpatiṃ dhīraṃ, nipuṇaṃ atthacintakaṃ;
『彼乃那种睿智之军队统领,善于谋划利益,善于考虑利害,
Yo sukhe sukhito rañño, dukkhite hoti dukkhito.
如王之所乐者亦乐,如王之所苦亦苦。』
§159
159.
一百五十九。
‘‘Ediso kho arahati, piṇḍamasnātu bhattuno;
『正如此者为阿拉汉,是食乞者之食所满足,
Yathāyaṃ sumukho rañño, pāṇasādhāraṇo sakhā’’ti.
正如这温和擅长之王子,是以手为一般亲近朋友。』
Tattha udakanti pādadhovanaṃ. Pajjanti pādabbhañjanaṃ. Sukheti sukhamhi sati.
那里有水池用于洗脚。用水沐浴足部的伤处。因为在舒服之处,所以称为舒适。
Rañño vacanaṃ sutvā tesaṃ āsanāni āharitvā tattha nisinnānaṃ gandhodakena pāde dhovitvā satapākena telena abbhañjiṃsu. Tamatthaṃ pakāsento satthā āha –
听闻国王的命令后,他们取来了座位,坐在那里,用香水和清水洗净双足,再以牛油涂抹伤处。为此,世尊开示说道——
§160
160.
‘‘Pīṭhañca sabbasovaṇṇaṃ, aṭṭhapādaṃ manoramaṃ;
『这座宝座全为黄金,
Maṭṭhaṃ kāsikamatthannaṃ, dhataraṭṭho upāvisi.
有八足美观,
§161
161.
上覆为铜丝编织的垫子,王者端坐其上。』
‘‘Kocchañca sabbasovaṇṇaṃ, veyyagghaparisibbitaṃ;
「有一处全是金色,涂以虎皮,
Sumukho ajjhupāvekkhi, dhataraṭṭhassanantarā.
正面朝向前方,位于地上的王宫之间。」
§162
162.
‘‘Tesaṃ kañcanapattahi, puthū ādāya kāsiyo;
「在这些金色屋瓦上,许多人从迦尸城带来;
Haṃsānaṃ abhihāresu, aggarañño pavāsita’’nti.
为了引导天鹅们前来觅食,尊贵的王便将其放出。」
Tattha maṭṭhanti karaṇapariniṭṭhitaṃ. Kāsikamatthannanti kāsikavatthena atthataṃ. Kocchanti majjhe saṃkhittaṃ. Veyyagghaparisibbitanti byagghacammaparisibbitaṃ maṅgaladivase aggamahesiyā nisinnapīṭhaṃ. Kañcanapattehīti suvaṇṇabhājanehi. Puthūti bahū janā. Kāsiyoti kāsiraṭṭhavāsino. Abhihāresunti upanāmesuṃ. Aggarañño pavāsitanti aṭṭhasatapalasuvaṇṇapātiparikkhittaṃ haṃsarañño paṇṇākāratthāya kāsiraññā pesitaṃ nānaggarasabhojanaṃ.
其中有涂饰之手工制品得以保存。所谓迦尸城食物,实指以迦尸城物品为食之意。‘有一处’指集中在中央。‘涂以虎皮’意为覆以虎皮的装饰。在吉祥日,尊贵首领居于坐席上,身披虎皮。‘金色屋瓦’者,即以黄金制成的屋瓦。‘许多人’指众多民众。‘迦尸城’指居住于迦尸国者。‘引导’意为招引聚集。‘尊贵王放出’,意指放出被包围的天鹅王,为天鹅王餐食昆鸟百羽所用。
Evaṃ upanīte pana tasmiṃ kāsirājā tesaṃ sampaggahatthaṃ sayaṃ suvaṇṇapātiṃ gahetvā upanāmesi. Te tato madhulāje khāditvā madhurodakañca piviṃsu. Atha mahāsatto rañño abhihārañca pasādañca disvā paṭisanthāramakāsi. Tamatthaṃ pakāsento satthā āha –
如此被领进后,当时迦尸国王亲自拿起黄金缟袍亲自送与他们。他们于是食用蜜饼并饮甘甜的水。随后大臣见王的殿宇庄严完备,即为他准备了安顿之所。世尊向他们开示说明时说——
§163
163.
‘‘Disvā abhihaṭaṃ aggaṃ, kāsirājena pesitaṃ;
“看见被完整装饰,由迦尸国王所派遣;
Kusalo khattadhammānaṃ, tato pucchi anantarā.
善巧者、勇猛的战士,随即询问紧接而至。
§164
164.
‘‘Kaccinnu bhoto kusalaṃ, kacci bhoto anāmayaṃ;
“不知你们是否善巧?不知你们是否无病?
Kacci raṭṭhamidaṃ phītaṃ, dhammena manusāsasi.
『汝是否曾以法教化这国,使之安乐?』
§165
165.
‘‘Kusalañceva me haṃsa, atho haṃsa anāmayaṃ;
『善如我之天鹅,或天鹅无病;』
Atho raṭṭhamidaṃ phītaṃ, dhammena manusāsahaṃ.
『或此国家安乐,吾以法教化。』
§166
166.
‘‘Kacci bhoto amaccesu, doso koci na vijjati;
『汝等之中,是否无嫉恨者?』
Kacci ca te tavatthesu, nāvakaṅkhanti jīvitaṃ.
或者在你所余存的世间中,没有人渴求生命。
§167
167.
‘‘Athopi me amaccesu, doso koci na vijjati;
“即便在我所有的财产中,也没有什么过失存在;
Athopi te mamatthesu, nāvakaṅkhanti jīvitaṃ.
即便在你所有的财富中,也没有人渴望生命。
§168
168.
‘‘Kacci te sādisī bhariyā, assavā piyabhāṇinī;
“或许你的妻子与他人相似,嗜好言语,偏爱情感流露;
Puttarūpayasūpetā, tava chandavasānugā.
子女形象尤为显现,随顺你的喜好与欲念。
§169
169.
‘‘Atho me sādisī bhariyā, assavā piyabhāṇinī;
于是我这同族妻子,嗜好品行可爱;
Puttarūpayasūpetā, mama chandavasānugā.
子女形象尤为显现,随顺我的喜好与欲念。
§170
170.
‘‘Kacci raṭṭhaṃ anuppīḷaṃ, akutociupaddavaṃ;
国土未遭践踏,灾祸与侮辱皆未至;
Asāhasena dhammena, samena manusāsasi.
以无所压制的法,以平等心加以教诲。
§171
171.
‘‘Atho raṭṭhaṃ anuppīḷaṃ, akutociupaddavaṃ;
于是国家无被压迫,心无猜忌颠倒;
Asāhasena dhammena, samena manusāsahaṃ.
以无所压制的法,以平等心教诲熄灭之。
§172
172.
‘‘Kacci santo apacitā, asanto parivajjitā;
或许圣者未被践踏,非圣者却被排斥;
No ce dhammaṃ niraṃkatvā, adhammamanuvattasi.
若不舍离法而行不法,
§173
173.
‘‘Santo ca me apacitā, asanto parivajjitā;
“圣者未被轻慢,非圣者则遭排斥;
Dhammamevānuvattāmi, adhammo me niraṃkato.
我唯顺从法,不舍离不法。
§174
174.
‘‘Kacci nānāgataṃ dīghaṃ, samavekkhasi khattiya;
“或复深入细察长久多方,王族所思所究;
Kaccimatto madanīye, paralokaṃ na santasi.
酒醉如麻,意欲迷乱者,不能安住于彼世。
§175
175.
‘‘Nāhaṃ anāgataṃ dīghaṃ, samavekkhāmi pakkhima;
『我不观望远未来,
Ṭhito dasasu dhammesu, paralokaṃ na santase.
立稳于十法中,心不迷恋彼世。』
§176
176.
‘‘Dānaṃ sīlaṃ pariccāgaṃ, ajjavaṃ maddavaṃ tapaṃ;
布施、持戒、放逸、谦恭、精勤、苦行;
Akkodhaṃ avihiṃsañca, khantiñca avirodhanaṃ.
不嗔恚且不杀生,具忍耐且不反抗。
§177
177.
一百七十七。
‘‘Iccete kusale dhamme, ṭhite passāmi attani;
『我观此善法,立于己身;
Tato me jāyate pīti, sāmanassañcanappakaṃ.
于是我生喜悦,此喜悦非同常乐。』
§178
178.
一百七十八。
‘‘Sumukho ca acintetvā, visajji pharusaṃ giraṃ;
『以柔顺之心不生忧虑,放下粗暴之语;
Bhāvadosamanaññāya, asmākāyaṃ vihaṅgamo.
因止息心意之异,乃我心灵的飞翔。
§179
179.
‘‘So kuddho pharusaṃ vācaṃ, nicchāresi ayoniso;
「若有人心怀愤怒,言语粗恶,放弃不善智慧;
Yānasmesu na vijjanti, nayidaṃ paññavatāmivā’’ti.
于行途之中不知所措,非贤达者所为。」
Tattha disvāti taṃ bahuṃ aggapānabhojanaṃ disvā. Pesitanti āharāpetvā upanītaṃ. Khattadhammānanti paṭhamakāraṇesu paṭisanthāradhammānaṃ. Tato pucchi anantarāti tasmiṃ kāle ‘‘kacci nu, bhoto’’ti anupaṭipāṭiyā pucchi. Tā panetā cha gāthā heṭṭhā vuttatthāyeva. Anuppīḷanti kacci raṭṭhavāsino yante ucchuṃ viya na pīḷesīti pucchati. Akutociupaddavanti kutoci anupaddavaṃ. Dhammena samena manusāsasīti kacci tava raṭṭhaṃ dhammena samena anusāsasi. Santoti sīlādiguṇasaṃyuttā sappurisā. Niraṃkatvāti chaḍḍetvā. Nānāgataṃ dīghanti anāgataṃ attano jīvitapavattiṃ ‘‘kacci dīgha’’nti na samavekkhasi, āyusaṅkhārānaṃ parittabhāvaṃ jānāsīti pucchati. Madanīyeti madārahe rūpādiārammaṇe. Na santasīti na bhāyasi. Idaṃ vuttaṃ hoti – kacci rūpādīsu kāmaguṇesu amatto appamatto hutvā dānādīnaṃ kusalānaṃ katattā paralokaṃ na bhāyasīti.
言说此时,观见众多食物,众人取用、供应,犹若王法所规定之初次因缘。随后有人即刻问曰:「诸位是否……」以不合规矩之法问之。其后述下六句歌,皆为解释语义。问曰:是否有人如高峰一般,不受摧压者?又谓:有人无忧无惑,无所困扰;有人以律法调教他人。谓:汝之国家,是否以律法教化?称善人者,善行品德俱全。谓无挂碍者,即能放下执着者。又谓:不计未来长远,乃是不察视生命运转之故?此即问也。谓:贪恋美色欲相者,是非安稳,不恐惧。此言乃谓:有人于色欲等诸欲中,或过度或轻忽,而不敬畏于施予等善行,故无畏也。
Dasasūti dasasu rājadhammesu. Dānādīsu dasavatthukā cetanā dānaṃ, pañcasīladasasīlāni sīlaṃ, deyyadhammacāgo pariccāgo, ujubhāvo ajjavaṃ, mudubhāvo maddavaṃ, uposathakammaṃ tapo, mettāpubbabhāgo akkodho, karuṇāpubbabhāgo avihiṃsā, adhivāsanā khanti, avirodho avirodhanaṃ. Acintetvāti mama imaṃ guṇasampattiṃ acintetvā. Bhāvadosanti cittadosaṃ. Anaññāyāti ajānitvā. Asmākañhi cittadoso nāma natthi, yamesa jāneyya, taṃ ajānitvāva pharusaṃ kakkhaḷaṃ giraṃ vissajjesi. Ayonisoti anupāyena. Yānasmesūti yāni vajjāni amhesu na vijjanti, tāni vadati. Nayidanti tasmāssa idaṃ vacanaṃ paññavataṃ iva na hoti, tenesa mama na paṇḍito viya upaṭṭhāti.
谓十者,十种国家法则。慈施等十事的意志是布施,五戒及十戒者是戒,供养众神是奉献,纯洁正直是直率,温顺是和软,守伍波萨他是苦行,慈心处是无瞋,悲心处是无害,忍耐是安住,不反对是顺从。谓不思量者,意指未能思维我这诸善品之聚。谓心的痛苦者,谓不知晓。或谓有人无心之痛苦者无,有所知无法知晓者即无明,因无明故言语粗硬恶毒,行无定策。谓不善慧者,不善计谋者。谓于行途中无人知晓者,即谓讲此法非贤者所为。故我非智者而为之说明。
Taṃ sutvā sumukho ‘‘mayā guṇasampannova rājā apasādito, so me kuddho, khamāpessāmi na’’nti cintetvā āha –
闻此,素面仁者思惟道:『他虽具德如王,却因我而起怨恨,愤怒不已,我于其前应当请求宽恕否?』
§180
180.
一百八十。
‘‘Atthi me taṃ atisāraṃ, vegena manujādhipa;
『我心有所激,迅猛如人中之主;
Dhataraṭṭhe ca baddhasmiṃ, dukkhaṃ me vipulaṃ ahu.
在他国境上受困牢笼,痛苦广大无边。
§181
181.
一百八十一。
‘‘Tvaṃ no pitāva puttānaṃ, bhūtānaṃ dharaṇīriva;
汝如父对子般护养,譬犹大地养育众生;
Asmākaṃ adhipannānaṃ, khamassu rājakuñjarā’’ti.
请宽恕我们这些执政者,大王大象啊。
Tattha atisāranti pakkhalitaṃ. Vegenāti ahaṃ etaṃ kathaṃ kathento vegena sahasā kathesiṃ. Dukkhanti cetasikaṃ dukkhaṃ mama vipulaṃ ahosi, tasmā kodhavasena yaṃ mayā vuttaṃ, taṃ me khamatha, mahārājāti. Puttānanti tvaṃ amhākaṃ puttānaṃ pitā viya. Dharaṇīrivāti pāṇabhūtānaṃ patiṭṭhā pathavī viya tvaṃ amhākaṃ avassayo. Adhipannānanti dosena aparādhena ajjhotthaṭānaṃ khamassūti idaṃ so āsanā oruyha pakkhehi añjaliṃ katvā āha.
此言语速太快,稍显仓促。我想这话怎么说呢,听你话语疾速急促,我心受苦,苦恼广大,故请大王你赦免我曾讲过的激烈言语。你就如我们子女的父亲,因你是我们子女之父;如大地为万物生灵的根基一样,你是我们的依靠。执政者者,意为以恼怒罪过升起敌对之心者,恳请您宽恕。这话说完,他便坐在席边,双手合十行礼。
Atha naṃ rājā āliṅgitvā ādāya suvaṇṇapīṭhe nisīdāpetvā accayadesanaṃ paṭiggaṇhanto āha –
接着大王拥抱他,带领他坐到金座上,接受其恳切规劝说法,语曰——
§182
182.
‘‘Etaṃ te anumodāma, yaṃ bhāvaṃ na nigūhasi;
“我作此赞许你,不隐瞒你的本性;
Khilaṃ pabhindasi pakkhi, ujukosi vihaṅgamā’’ti.
你如脱壳的鸟儿,直爽如飞鸟。”
Tattha anumodāmāti etaṃ te dosaṃ khamāma. Yanti yasmā tvaṃ attano cittapaṭicchannabhāvaṃ na nigūhasi. Khilanti cittakhilaṃ cittakhāṇukaṃ.
此处称『赞同』,意为『我们原谅你的过失』。之所以如此,是因为你不掩饰自己内心的苦恼。心念之中存在的无明、烦恼全部显露出来。
Idañca pana vatvā rājā mahāsattassa dhammakathāya sumukhassa ca ujubhāve pasīditvā ‘‘pasannena nāma pasannākāro kātabbo’’ti ubhinnampi tesaṃ attano rajjasiriṃ niyyādento āha –
而且国王对这位大尊者的正法教义和端正态度感到满意,心意安稳。他说:『和颜悦色者,形相当作如是。』随即他也将自己的国王威仪向众人显露,开示说——
§183
183.
(此处为经文序号:183)
‘‘Yaṃ kiñci ratanaṃ atthi, kāsirājanivesane;
『凡所有宝物,皆聚集于迦尸国王宫廷之内,
Rajataṃ jātarūpañca, muttā veḷuriyā bahū.
其中有银、金等各种形状的珠宝,以及众多珍珠、绿松石等宝石,
§184
184.
(此处为经文序号:184)
‘‘Maṇayo saṅkhamuttā ca, vatthakaṃ haricandanaṃ;
「宝石、珍珠和珊瑚,麝香和檀香木;
Ajinaṃ dantabhaṇḍañca, lohaṃ kāḷāyasaṃ bahuṃ;
犬牙匣及各种牙具,还有铁、青铜等多种金属;
Etaṃ dadāmi vo vittaṃ, issaraṃ vissajāmi vo’’ti.
这些财物我赠与你们,我放弃主权。」
Tattha muttāti viddhāviddhamuttā. Maṇayoti maṇibhaṇḍakāni. Saṅkhamuttā cāti dakkhiṇāvaṭṭasaṅkharatanañca āmalakavaṭṭamuttaratanañca. Vatthakanti sukhumakāsikavatthāni. Ajinanti ajinamigacammaṃ. Lohaṃ kāḷāyasanti tambalohañca kāḷalohañca. Issaranti kañcanamālena setacchattena saddhiṃ dvādasayojanike bārāṇasinagare rajjaṃ.
其中,『珍珠』者,穿孔与未穿孔之珍珠也。『宝珠』者,各类宝石珠饰也。『螺贝珍珠』者,右旋螺宝珍宝与圆形余甘子形珍珠宝也。『布匹』者,精细迦尸织物也。『皮革』者,羚羊皮革也。『铁,黑铁』者,铜铁与黑铁也。『主权』者,于以黄金花鬘与白伞相伴、纵横十二由旬之巴拉纳西城中行使王权也。
Evañca pana vatvā ubhopi te setacchattena pūjetvā rajjaṃ paṭicchāpesi. Atha mahāsatto raññā saddhiṃ sallapanto āha –
如此,二者按上述所述,向那主权者以白衣敬奉,获得了国家的授予权。然后这位大王与那国王交谈说:
§185
185.
‘‘Addhā apacitā tyamhā, sakkatā ca rathesabha;
『Addhā』者,为『集中而不可分散』之意;『apacitā』者,未被拴绑者也;此句比喻如『萨咖天帝』及『战车之牛』,喻诸法虽居于其中,然未为束缚,未受束缚限制。
Dhammesu vattamānānaṃ, tvaṃ no ācariyo bhava.
言:汝当为我等导师,导引在法中行者。
§186
186.
此为第186节编号。
‘‘Ācariya manuññātā, tayā anumatā mayaṃ;
言:吾等以导师所允之故,堪为人众中师者。
Taṃ padakkhiṇato katvā, ñātiṃ passemurindamā’’ti.
我等当为此导师行绕境礼,见其为吾等敌寇者。
Tattha dhammesūti kusalakammapathadhammesu. Ācariyoti tvaṃ amhehi byattataro, tasmā no ācariyo hoti, apica dasannaṃ rājadhammānaṃ kathitattā sumukhassa dosaṃ dassetvā accayapaṭiggahaṇassa katattāpi tvaṃ amhākaṃ ācariyova, tasmā idānipi no ācārasikkhāpanena ācariyo bhavāti āha. Passemurindamāti passemu arindama.
是处所说「法」者,谓善业道法也。谓“导师”意为吾等中较为显达者,故言汝虽非吾等之端正导师,然而尔曾于十种王法陈述时显示贤者面颊之过失,并为斩断执着之教诲而行,故犹如吾等导师。由此,今尔亦以导师之教诲礼受而为导师云。此「见敌寇者」意谓应视为敌之敌寇。
So tesaṃ gamanaṃ anujāni, bodhisattassapi dhammaṃ kathentasseva aruṇaṃ uṭṭhahi. Tamatthaṃ pakāsento satthā āha –
于是,诸人能知其去向,菩萨亦如同为其说明而兴起清晨之念。为此,师表明言-
§187
187.
‘‘Sabbarattiṃ cintayitvā, mantayitvā yathākathaṃ;
『细细思量,详加推敲,一切事情如实思维;
Kāsirājā anuññāsi, haṃsānaṃ pavaruttama’’nti.
迦尸国王曾听闻,即为鹤群之首吟诵此言。』
Tattha yathākathanti yaṃkiñci atthaṃ tehi saddhiṃ cintetabbaṃ mantetabbañca, sabbaṃ taṃ cintetvā ca mantetvā cāti attho. Anuññāsīti gacchathāti anuññāsi.
此中所说者,是谓对于任何意义,应与诸声音共思共议,并且全部都应当思量、议论,这便是意旨。所谓“听闻”,是指来往于彼处的意思。
Evaṃ tena anuññāto bodhisatto rājānaṃ ‘‘appamatto dhammena rajjaṃ kārehī’’ti ovaditvā pañcasu sīlesu patiṭṭhāpesi. Rājā tesaṃ kañcanabhājanehi madhulājañca madhurodakañca upanāmetvā niṭṭhitāhārakicce gandhamālādīhi pūjetvā bodhisattaṃ suvaṇṇacaṅkoṭakena sayaṃ ukkhipi, khemā devī sumukhaṃ ukkhipi. Atha ne sīhapañjaraṃ ugghāṭetvā sūriyuggamanavelāya ‘‘gacchatha sāmino’’ti vissajjesuṃ. Tamatthaṃ pakāsento satthā āha –
就这样,菩萨闻说后,劝诫国王“当精进守护清净法,治理国政”,并以五戒令其安立。国王以黄金饼果、甘美酒水及甘甜饮料恭敬供养,佐以膏香花环等,礼拜菩萨。菩萨亲率金鹰,护持国王之妃“安全夫人”及“美好面容夫人”。其后揭开狮子笼,在日出时分对众人说:“去吧,善男子们”,予以释怀。为此,师表明言-
§188
188.
‘‘Tato ratyā vivasāne, sūriyuggamanaṃ pati;
『于是夜暮消逝之时,太阳升起之际,』
Pekkhato kāsirājassa, bhavanā te vigāhisu’’nti.
『观察迦尸国王的宫殿不可失色』如是说。
Tattha vigāhisunti ākāsaṃ pakkhandiṃsu.
彼时众人展开翅膀,振翅飞向天空。
Tesu mahāsatto suvaṇṇacaṅkoṭakato uppatitvā ākāse ṭhatvā ‘‘mā cindayi, mahārāja, appamatto amhākaṃ ovāde vatteyyāsī’’ti rājānaṃ samassāsetvā sumukhaṃ ādāya cittakūṭameva gato. Tānipi kho navuti haṃsasahassāni kañcanaguhato nikkhamitvā pabbatatale nisinnāni te āgacchante disvā paccuggantvā parivāresuṃ. Te ñātigaṇaparivutā cittakūṭatalaṃ pavisiṃsu. Tamatthaṃ pakāsento satthā āha –
其中一只威猛的巨鸟,身披金色羽毛,升腾于空,立于高空中说:『大王莫惊慌,应当警觉,因为我们的劝诫正在进行』言毕,携带美丽面容,前往心山。此时,有九十万只天鹅翩然离开金宝洞,降落于山脚之下,见状纷纷回头环绕着他。他们环绕亲属群体,进入心山之下。佛陀观察此情,开示说道——
§189
189.
‘‘Te aroge anuppatte, disvāna parame dije;
他们病未痊愈,见此情景,大为忧忧;
Kekāti makaruṃ haṃsā, puthusaddo ajāyatha.
鹤鸣似鸭声,生出异响。
§190
190.
‘‘Te patītā pamuttena, bhattunā bhattugāravā;
他们被放出后,饭食被饭主尊重;
Samantā parikiriṃsu, aṇḍajā laddhapaccayā’’ti.
四处巡视,凭蛋生的粮食而享用。」
Evaṃ parivāretvā ca pana te haṃsā ‘‘kathaṃ muttosi, mahārājā’’ti pucchiṃsu. Mahāsatto sumukhaṃ nissāya muttabhāvaṃ saṃyamarājaluddaputtehi katakammañca kathesi. Taṃ sutvā tuṭṭhā haṃsagaṇā ‘‘sumukho senāpati ca rājā ca luddaputto ca sukhitā niddukkhā ciraṃ jīvantū’’ti āhaṃsu. Tamatthaṃ pakāsento satthā āha –
如此被放出之后,天鹅们问说:「陛下,您怎么得以出离?」大勇士仰赖英俊,向解脱王子讲述戒法的行为。天鹅听闻欢喜,说:「英俊的统帅和王,以及解脱者,安乐无苦,应长久生存。」为此释迦师尊说明说—
§191
191.
‘‘Evaṃ mittavataṃ atthā, sabbe honti padakkhiṇā;
『此理如同朋友一般,皆是回向之处;
Haṃsā yathā dhataraṭṭhā, ñātisaṅghamupāgamu’’nti.
如同天鹅归依父母,亲族团聚结集。』
Taṃ cūḷahaṃsajātake vuttatthameva.
此即《小天鹅本生经》中所说之义。
Satthā imaṃ dhammadesanaṃ āharitvā ‘‘na, bhikkhave, idāneva, pubbepi ānando mamatthāya attano jīvitaṃ pariccajī’’ti vatvā jātakaṃ samodhānesi ‘‘tadā luddaputto channo ahosi, khemā devī, khemā bhikkhunī, rājā sāriputto, sumukho ānando, sesaparisā buddhaparisā, dhataraṭṭhahaṃsarājā pana ahameva ahosi’’nti.
世尊教导此法之后,曾说:『比库们,现在安乐,为了我自己,阿难已舍弃自身生命』,于是以此为由,解释本生故事,说:『当时卢德子隐蔽无露,净安女士,净安比库尼,沙利佛王,英俊阿难,余众弟子及佛弟子皆在,而父亲天鹅王却唯有我一人。』
Mahāhaṃsajātakavaṇṇanā dutiyā. · 大鹅本生注释第二。
[535] 3. Sudhābhojanajātakavaṇṇanā
【第三则·天食本生故事注疏】
Neva kiṇāmi napi vikkiṇāmīti idaṃ satthā jetavane viharanto ekaṃ dānajjhāsayaṃ bhikkhuṃ ārabbha kathesi. So kira sāvatthiyaṃ eko kulaputto hutvā satthu dhammakathaṃ sutvā pasannacitto pabbajitvā sīlesu paripūrakārī dhutaṅgaguṇasamannāgato sabrahmacārīsu pavattamettacitto divasassa tikkhattuṃ buddhadhammasaṅghupaṭṭhāne appamatto ācārasampanno dānajjhāsayo ahosi. Sāraṇīyadhammapūrako attanā laddhaṃ paṭiggāhakesu vijjamānesu chinnabhatto hutvāpi detiyeva, tasmā tassa dānajjhāsayadānābhiratabhāvo bhikkhusaṅghe pākaṭo ahosi. Athekadivasaṃ bhikkhū dhammasabhāyaṃ kathaṃ samuṭṭhāpesuṃ, ‘‘āvuso, asuko nāma bhikkhu dānajjhāsayo dānābhirato attanā laddhaṃ pasatamattapānīyampi lobhaṃ chinditvā sabrahmacārīnaṃ deti, bodhisattassevassa ajjhāsayo’’ti. Satthā taṃ kathaṃ dibbāya sotadhātuyā sutvā gandhakuṭito nikkhamitvā āgantvā ‘‘kāya nuttha, bhikkhave, etarahi kathāya sannisinnā’’ti pucchitvā ‘‘imāya nāmā’’ti vutte ‘‘ayaṃ, bhikkhave, bhikkhu pubbe adānasīlo maccharī tiṇaggena telabindumpi adātā ahosi, atha naṃ ahaṃ dametvā nibbisevanaṃ katvā dānaphalaṃ vaṇṇetvā dāne patiṭṭhāpesiṃ, so ‘pasatamattaṃ udakampi labhitvā adatvā na pivissāmī’ti mama santike varaṃ aggahesi, tassa phalena dānajjhāsayo dānābhirato jāto’’ti vatvā tehi yācito atītaṃ āhari.
世尊住在耶提林时,曾对一位名为施主志向的比库说法。此人是释迦族人,一姓之子,闻世尊正法后,心生欢喜而出家,守戒满足,具足苦行清净之德,专注于僧团,日勤修行三时,专心不懈,行持端正。施主志向为人具足护法清净之观,即使断食修行,也不会改变其志趣,因此在僧团中,以其对布施的喜好而著称。有一天,比库们在法会中提出:“尊者阿苏口比库,即施主志向者,因对已得之乳酪及饮料舍弃贪欲,而布施于修行众,是真正助行佛陀道心之人。”世尊闻知此事,从禅座起身,香气旋绕,前来问:“诸比库,此时因何缘故而集会言说?”众答:“尊者,此人早前不善取物,以蛆虫草叶沾油滴为不净物,然我意驯服他,使其弃除此恶习,修行布施,故得此名。”世尊说:“此比库曾为恶行不善盗窃者,然我度化,令其灭恶修善,得布施之果,故称施主志向。”众比库闻后,皆深受感召,颂扬此言。
Atīte bārāṇasiyaṃ brahmadatte rajjaṃ kārente eko gahapati aḍḍho ahosi asītikoṭivibhavo. Athassa rājā seṭṭhiṭṭhānaṃ adāsi . So rājapūjito nāgarajānapadapūjito hutvā ekadivasaṃ attano sampattiṃ oloketvā cintesi – ‘‘ayaṃ yaso mayā atītabhave neva niddāyantena, na kāyaduccaritādīni karontena laddho, sucaritāni pana pūretvā laddho, anāgatepi mayā mama patiṭṭhaṃ kātuṃ vaṭṭatī’’ti. So rañño santikaṃ gantvā ‘‘deva, mama ghare asītikoṭidhanaṃ atthi, taṃ gaṇhāhī’’ti vatvā ‘‘na mayhaṃ tava dhanenattho, bahuṃ me dhanaṃ, itopi yadicchasi, taṃ gaṇhāhī’’ti vutte ‘‘kiṃ nu, deva, mama dhanaṃ dātuṃ labhāmī’’ti āha. Atha raññā ‘‘yathāruci karohī’’ti vutte catūsu nagaradvāresu nagaramajjhe nivesanadvāre cāti cha dānasālāyo kāretvā devasikaṃ chasatasahassapariccāgaṃ karonto mahādānaṃ pavattesi. So yāvajīvaṃ dānaṃ datvā ‘‘imaṃ mama dānavaṃsaṃ mā upacchindathā’’ti putte anusāsitvā jīvitapariyosāne sakko hutvā nibbatti. Puttopissa tatheva dānaṃ datvā cando hutvā nibbatti, tassa putto sūriyo hutvā nibbatti, tassa putto mātali hutvā nibbatti, tassa putto pañcasikho hutvā nibbatti, tassa pana putto chaṭṭho seṭṭhiṭṭhānaṃ laddhā macchariyakosiyo nāma ahosi asītikoṭivibhavoyeva. So ‘‘mama pitupitāmahā bālā ahesuṃ, dukkhena sambhataṃ dhanaṃ chaḍḍesuṃ, ahaṃ pana dhanaṃ rakkhissāmi, kassaci kiñci na dassāmī’’ti cintetvā dānasālā viddhaṃsetvā agginā jhāpetvā thaddhamaccharī ahosi.
往昔,波罗奈国有一富有的大户人家,资产达八千万,家境极为富裕。其国王曾将一块王室宅邸赠与他。他受王礼敬,亦为城中居民所尊崇。有一日,他审视自身财产,心生思虑:“我过去所得荣光,非因无谓懒惰,亦非不当行为所得,乃诚信正行之果。因此未来当立下威望。”于是,他至王所说:“陛下,我家财八千万,请收受。”王答曰:“我无私欲,尔拥有众多财富,愿施舍所欲。”遂依王意,在四城门、城中心及内城门共建六处施舍所,奉献三十万神力,广行大布施。生命终结时,天帝萨咖现身。其子如是承袭布施,次子乃至第五子先后证得涅槃。第六子继承家业,亦成为富翁,财富亦达八千万。他自思:“父祖辈曾愚昧,因痛苦放弃财富,我将守护财富,不让任何人得见。”于是拆毁施舍所,以火烧之,行持险恶行为。
Athassa gehadvāre yācakā sannipatitvā bāhā paggayha, ‘‘mahāseṭṭhi, mā attano pitupitāmahānaṃ dānavaṃsaṃ nāsayi, dānaṃ dehī’’ti mahāsaddena parideviṃsu. Taṃ sutvā mahājano ‘‘macchariyakosiyena attano dānavaṃso upacchinno’’ti taṃ garahi. So lajjito nivesanadvāre yācakānaṃ āgatāgataṭṭhānaṃ nivāretuṃ ārakkhaṃ ṭhapesi. Te nippaccayā hutvā puna tassa gehadvāraṃ na olokesuṃ. So tato paṭṭhāya dhanameva saṃharati, neva attanā paribhuñjati, na puttadārādīnaṃ deti, kañjikabilaṅgadutiyaṃ sakuṇḍakabhattaṃ bhuñjati, mūlaphalamattatantāni thūlavatthāni nivāseti, paṇṇachattaṃ matthake dhāretvā jaraggoṇayuttena jajjararathakena yāti. Iti tassa asappurisassa tattakaṃ dhanaṃ sunakhena laddhaṃ nāḷikeraṃ viya ahosi.
乃至他的府门前,乞丐聚集,举臂恳求:“大富翁,勿毁你祖辈所传施舍之业,请施舍。”众人闻此悲声,称其为“毁施之家”。他羞愧难当,于屋门口设立守护者,防止乞丐来往。乞丐无所依归,遂不敢再至其门前。他收敛财富,既不自用,也不与子女等分享,饮食不过一把米、一些蔬菜和少许水果,经常居于破陋小屋,撑着荷叶遮顶,乘带破旧车马迁移。如此其恶人不善之财,犹如带刺之荆棘所获之甘蔗汁,实属毫无价值之财物。
So ekadivasaṃ rājūpaṭṭhānaṃ gacchanto ‘‘anuseṭṭhiṃ ādāya gamissāmī’’ti tassa gehaṃ agamāsi. Tasmiṃ khaṇe anuseṭṭhi puttadhītādīhi parivuto navasappipakkamadhusakkharacuṇṇehi saṅkhataṃ pāyāsaṃ bhuñjamāno nisinno hoti. So macchariyakosiyaṃ disvā āsanā vuṭṭhāya ‘‘ehi, mahāseṭṭhi, imasmiṃ pallaṅke nisīda, pāyāsaṃ bhuñjissāmā’’ti āha. Tassa pāyāsaṃ disvāva mukhe kheḷā uppajji, bhuñjitukāmo ahosi, evaṃ pana cintesi – ‘‘sacāhaṃ bhuñjissāmi, anuseṭṭhino mama gehaṃ āgatakāle paṭisakkāro kātabbo bhavissati, evaṃ me dhanaṃ nassissati, na bhuñjissāmī’’ti. Atha punappunaṃ yāciyamānopi ‘‘idāni me bhuttaṃ, suhitosmī’’ti na icchi. Anuseṭṭhimhi bhuñjante pana olokento mukhe sañjāyamānena kheḷena nisīditvā tassa bhattakiccāvasāne tena saddhiṃ rājanivesanaṃ gantvā rājānaṃ passitvā rājanivesanato otaritvā attano gehaṃ anuppatto pāyāsataṇhāya pīḷiyamāno cintesi – ‘‘sacāhaṃ ‘pāyāsaṃ bhuñjitukāmomhī’ti vakkhāmi, mahājano bhuñjitukāmo bhavissati, bahū taṇḍulādayo nassissanti, na kassaci kathessāmī’’ti. So rattindivaṃ pāyāsameva cintento vītināmetvāpi dhananāsanabhayena kassaci akathetvāva pipāsaṃ adhivāsesi, anukkamena adhivāsetuṃ asakkonto uppaṇḍuppaṇḍukajāto ahosi. Evaṃ santepi dhananāsanabhayena akathento aparabhāge dubbalo hutvā sayanaṃ upagūhitvā nipajji.
一日,他往王宫,谓王室使者说:“我将携带安递使者同去。”来到家中,正坐食用用九成熟的蜂蜜糖炼饭。其见毁施翁,起身说:“大富翁,请坐于此垫上,与我共食炼饭。”他见此饭,口中泛起食欲,心念:“我确实要食此饭,若不食,当毁约,于毁施翁家中来访之事失信,财产必丧失,我不应食。”反复请求仍不愿食。安递使者见他不食,坐于饭前随口戏谑,后来随他入王宫观看国王,归后感痛苦思惟炼饭欲望,思虑自身许诺:“我曾说‘我要食炼饭’,众人亦欲食,我若不食,众多粮食必败,没人代言。”日日念此,恐财失失眠不能定,终成精神病,卧床不起。
Atha naṃ bhariyā upagantvā hatthena piṭṭhiṃ parimajjamānā ‘‘kiṃ te, sāmi, aphāsuka’’nti pucchi. ‘‘Taveva sarīre aphāsukaṃ karohi, mama aphāsukaṃ natthī’’ti. ‘‘Sāmi, uppaṇḍuppaṇḍukajātosi, kiṃ nu te kāci cintā atthi, udāhu rājā te kupito, adu puttehi avamāno kato, atha vā pana kāci taṇhā uppannā’’ti? ‘‘Āma, taṇhā me uppannā’’ti. ‘‘Kathehi, sāmī’’ti? ‘‘Kathessāmi, sakkhissasi naṃ rakkhitu’’nti. ‘‘Rakkhitabbayuttakā ce, rakkhissāmī’’ti. Evampi dhananāsanabhayena kathetuṃ na ussahi. Tāya punappunaṃ pīḷiyamāno kathesi – ‘‘bhadde, ahaṃ ekadivasaṃ anuseṭṭhiṃ navasappimadhusakkharacuṇṇehi saṅkhataṃ pāyāsaṃ bhuñjantaṃ disvā tato paṭṭhāya tādisaṃ pāyāsaṃ bhuñjitukāmo jāto’’ti. ‘‘Asappurisa, kiṃ tvaṃ duggato, sakalamārāṇasivāsīnaṃ pahonakaṃ pāyāsaṃ pacissāmī’’ti. Athassa sīse daṇḍena paharaṇakālo viya ahosi. So tassā kujjhitvā ‘‘jānāmahaṃ tava mahaddhanabhāvaṃ, sace te kulagharā ābhataṃ atthi, pāyāsaṃ pacitvā nāgarānaṃ dehī’’ti āha. ‘‘Tena hi ekavīthivāsīnaṃ pahonakaṃ katvā pacāmī’’ti. ‘‘Kiṃ te etehi, attano pana santakaṃ khādantū’’ti? ‘‘Tena hi ito cito ca sattasattagharavāsīnaṃ pahonakaṃ katvā pacāmī’’ti. ‘‘Kiṃ te etehī’’ti. ‘‘Tena hi imasmiṃ gehe parijanassā’’ti. ‘‘Kiṃ te etenā’’ti? ‘‘Tena hi bandhujanasseva pahonakaṃ katvā pacāmī’’ti. ‘‘Kiṃ te etenā’’ti? ‘‘Tena hi tuyhañca mayhañca pacāmi sāmī’’ti. ‘‘Kāsi tvaṃ, na tuyhaṃ vaṭṭatī’’ti? ‘‘Tena hi ekasseva te pahonakaṃ katvā pacāmī’’ti. ‘‘Mayhañca tvaṃ mā paci, gehe pana pacante bahū paccāsīsanti, mayhaṃ pana patthaṃ taṇḍulānaṃ catubhāgaṃ khīrassa accharaṃ sakkharāya karaṇḍakaṃ sappissa karaṇḍakaṃ madhussa ekañca pacanabhājanaṃ dehi, ahaṃ araññaṃ pavisitvā tattha pacitvā bhuñjāmī’’ti. Sā tathā akāsi. So taṃ sabbaṃ ceṭakena gāhāpetvā ‘‘gaccha asukaṭṭhāne tiṭṭhāhī’’ti taṃ purato pesetvā ekakova oguṇṭhikaṃ katvā aññātakavesena tattha gantvā nadītīre ekasmiṃ gacchamūle uddhanaṃ kāretvā dārudakaṃ āharāpetvā ‘‘tvaṃ gantvā ekasmiṃ magge ṭhatvā kañcideva disvā mama saññaṃ dadeyyāsi, mayā pakkositakāleva āgaccheyyāsī’’ti taṃ pesetvā aggiṃ katvā pāyāsaṃ paci.
此时其妻来到,手抚其背问:“夫君,何以沉默?”他答:“是你的身体令我沉默,我没有沉默。”妻言:“夫君,你已精神恍惚,有何忧虑?是国王生气,见弃子女,抑或欲望生起?”他说:“确有欲望。”妻问:“说出,它必受护。”他说:“若有合适护持者,即当守护。”因恐惧财帛病态,难以开口,却反复告白:“尊者,我见毁施翁持有八成熟蜂蜜糖炼饭,后其离开家门,此致我生食欲。”众人曰:“无德人,何以如此恶道,食恶人之炼饭?”此时他犹如受刑,受痛苦煎熬。于是他对妻说:“我自知你富有,若你家无缺,也当为我烹炼此炼饭,给邻舍。”妻应允。于是他将事由转告比库比库尼,派遣一人前往炼饭处,买来木水,点火烹饪。
Tasmiṃ khaṇe sakko devarājā dasasahassayojanaṃ alaṅkatadevanagaraṃ, saṭṭhiyojanaṃ suvaṇṇavīthiṃ, yojanasahassubbedhaṃ vejayantaṃ, pañcayojanasatikaṃ sudhammasabhaṃ, saṭṭhiyojanaṃ paṇḍukambalasilāsanaṃ, pañcayojanāvaṭṭaṃ kañcanamālasetacchattaṃ, aḍḍhateyyakoṭisaṅkhā devaccharā, alaṅkatapaṭiyattaṃ attabhāvanti imaṃ attano siriṃ oloketvā ‘‘kiṃ nu kho katvā mayā ayaṃ yaso laddho’’ti cintetvā bārāṇasiyaṃ seṭṭhibhūtena pavattitaṃ dānaṃ addasa. Tato ‘‘mama puttādayo kuhiṃ nibbattā’’ti olokento ‘‘putto me cando devaputto hutvā nibbatti, tassa putto sūriyo, tassa putto, mātali, tassa putto, pañcasikho’’ti sabbesaṃ nibbattiṃ disvā ‘‘pañcasikhassa putto kīdiso’’ti olokento attano vaṃsassa upacchinnabhāvaṃ passi. Athassa etadahosi – ‘‘ayaṃ asappuriso maccharī hutvā neva attanā paribhuñjati , na paresaṃ deti, mama vaṃso tena upacchinno, kālaṃ katvā niraye nibbattissati, ovādamassa datvā mama vaṃsaṃ patiṭṭhāpetvā etassa imasmiṃ devanagare nibbattanākāraṃ karissāmī’’ti. So candādayo pakkosāpetvā ‘‘etha manussapathaṃ gamissāma, macchariyakosiyena amhākaṃ vaṃso upacchinno , dānasālā jhāpitā, neva attanā paribhuñjati, na paresaṃ deti, idāni pana pāyāsaṃ bhuñjitukāmo hutvā ‘ghare paccante aññassapi pāyāso dātabbo bhavissatī’ti araññaṃ pavisitvā ekakova pacati, etaṃ dametvā dānaphalaṃ jānāpetvā āgamissāma, apica kho pana amhehi sabbehi ekato yāciyamāno tattheva mareyya. Mama paṭhamaṃ gantvā pāyāsaṃ yācitvā nisinnakāle tumhe brāhmaṇavaṇṇena paṭipāṭiyā āgantvā yāceyyāthā’’ti vatvā sayaṃ tāva brāhmaṇavaṇṇena taṃ upasaṅkamitvā ‘‘bho, kataro bārāṇasigamanamaggo’’ti pucchi. Atha naṃ macchariyakosiyo ‘‘kiṃ ummattakosi, bārāṇasimaggampi na jānāsi, kiṃ ito esi, etto yāhī’’ti āha.
当时天帝萨咖居于离地一万二千由旬、六千由旬宽阔的华美天城,行走在六十由旬宽的金色大道,身披五由旬大小金饰华盖,率领八千万万众天使护卫,自豪观其尊荣,思惟称赞道:“何以成就此荣耀?”忆及波罗奈一名富翁施舍之事,寻访其子孙,见子孙先后轮回证涅槃,最后所生五子皆证涅槃,唯一子毁家财富而为恶人。他认定此子为毁家败族者,必堕恶趣,于是召集众天子,曰:“我等当赴人间,抵制毁施之徒。”遂变作婆罗门,到其家门前阐明善法,令毁施翁心生改悔,转而烹炼炼饭布施。
Sakko tassa vacanaṃ sutvā asuṇanto viya ‘‘kiṃ kathesī’’ti taṃ upagacchateva. Sopi, ‘‘are , badhira brāhmaṇa, kiṃ ito esi, purato yāhī’’ti viravi. Atha naṃ sakko, ‘‘bho, kasmā viravasi, dhūmo paññāyati, aggi paññāyati, pāyāso paccati, brāhmaṇānaṃ nimantanaṭṭhānena bhavitabbaṃ, ahampi brāhmaṇānaṃ bhojanakāle thokaṃ labhissāmi, kiṃ maṃ nicchubhasī’’ti vatvā ‘‘natthettha brāhmaṇānaṃ nimantanaṃ, purato yāhī’’ti vutte ‘‘tena hi kasmā kujjhasi, tava bhojanakāle thokaṃ labhissāmī’’ti āha. Atha naṃ so ‘‘ahaṃ te ekasitthampi na dassāmi, thokaṃ idaṃ mama yāpanamattameva, mayāpi cetaṃ yācitvāva laddhaṃ, tvaṃ aññato āhāraṃ pariyesāhī’’ti vatvā bhariyaṃ yācitvā laddhabhāvaṃ sandhāyeva vatvā gāthamāha –
萨咖天帝听闻其言,如同没听见一般,以询问态度前去说:「你要说什么?」彼时,他对彼婆罗门言:「喂,聋婆罗门,你从哪里来?往前去。」萨咖天帝对他说:「那,为何你迟疑?烟气是智慧所生,火焰是智慧所生,牛奶是婆罗门供养之时应当具备的物品,我也将在婆罗门用餐时得到些许。你为何发怒?」他说:「这里没有婆罗门的供养,往前去。」天帝说:「既然如此你为何愤怒?在你用餐时,我会给予你供养。」他说:「我一点点滴滴都不给你,这些食物仅够我自己一人食用,也是我经过请求才得的,你去寻找别的食物吧。」说罢,他向妻子求取食物,满足所求后立刻吟出偈颂-
§192
192.
‘‘Neva kiṇāmi napi vikkiṇāmi, na cāpi me sannicayo ca atthi;
「我既不买亦不卖,我亦无其他财富;
Sukiccharūpaṃ vatidaṃ parittaṃ, patthodano nālamayaṃ duvinna’’nti.
以此快乐之形态为护持,凡病除愈难二者不侵。」
Taṃ sutvā sakko ‘‘ahampi te madhurasaddena ekaṃ silokaṃ kathessāmi, taṃ suṇāhī’’ti vatvā ‘‘na me tava silokena attho’’ti tassa vārentasseva gāthādvayamāha –
萨咖天帝闻言说:「我也为你以甜美之音吟一韵,且听我说。」天帝说:「你的韵句无益。」他即作答吟咒两句-
§193
193.
‘‘Appamhā appakaṃ dajjā, anumajjhato majjhakaṃ;
『不多』者,『不佳』者,谓从中间分出中间;
Bahumhā bahukaṃ dajjā, adānaṃ nūpapajjati.
『多』者,『多者』,谓得到而不失取。
§194
194.
‘‘Taṃ taṃ vadāmi kosiya, dehi dānāni bhuñja ca;
『我劝你,国王,请施与并享用;』
Ariyamaggaṃ samāruha, nekāsī labhate sukha’’nti.
『乘圣道者,必得诸多安乐。』」
Tattha anumajjhato majjhakanti appamattakampi majjhe chetvā dve koṭṭhāse karitvā ekaṃ koṭṭhāsaṃ datvā tato avasesato anumajjhatopi puna majjhe chetvā eko koṭṭhāso dātabboyeva. Adānaṃ nūpapajjatīti appaṃ vā bahuṃ vā dinnaṃ hotu, adānaṃ nāma na hoti, tampi dānameva mahapphalameva.
此中所云『从中间分出中间』,即在中间斩断,作两份,施与其中一份,余下部分又复取其中间斩断,再施与一份。谓所施或少或多,均非取而不舍,所谓『所得非取』,此亦施之大果实也。
So tassa vacanaṃ sutvā ‘‘manāpaṃ te, brāhmaṇa, kathitaṃ, pāyāse pakke thokaṃ labhissasi, nisīdāhī’’ti āha. Sakko ekamante nisīdi. Tasmiṃ nisinne cando teneva niyāmena upasaṅkamitvā tatheva kathaṃ pavattetvā tassa vārentasseva gāthādvayamāha –
于是听到此语,婆罗门,‘你所说令人欢喜,等米饭熟了即可获得一块,快请坐下’世尊如是说。萨咖天帝在一旁坐下。在他就座时,月光依照常理照耀着,照亮周围,正如当下,刚说完便应声吟哦两句诗歌赞叹——
§195
195.
‘‘Moghañcassa hutaṃ hoti, moghañcāpi samīhitaṃ;
‘愚者所作必徒劳,即便自卑也徒然;
Atithismiṃ yo nisinnasmiṃ, eko bhuñjati bhojanaṃ.
客居他处独坐,此时只有一人享用饭食。
§196
196.
Taṃ taṃ vadāmi kosiya, dehi dānāni bhuñja ca;
我如此劝你,拘尸那呵,给予布施同时亦享用饭食;
Ariyamaggaṃ samāruha, nekāsī labhate sukha’’nti.
修习圣道者,获得无量安乐。
Tattha samīhitanti dhanuppādanavīriyaṃ.
于此专心致志于持戒精勤。
So tassa vacanaṃ sutvā kicchena kasirena ‘‘tena hi nisīda, thokaṃ labhissasī’’ti āha. So gantvā sakkassa santike nisīdi. Tato sūriyo teneva nayena upasaṅkamitvā tatheva kathaṃ pavattetvā tassa vārentasseva gāthādvayamāha –
彼闻其语,心存疑惑,说:“凭此而坐,必得少许利益。”于是彼前往萨咖面前而坐。太阳亦以此神力前来相近,如实说明状况,以两句赞歌称颂他——
§197
197.
‘‘Saccañcassa hutaṃ hoti, saccañcāpi samīhitaṃ;
“真实之语必应验,真诚者必专心;
Atithismiṃ yo nisinnasmiṃ, neko bhuñjati bhojanaṃ.
坐于客位之人,众多共享此食。”
§198
198.
‘‘Taṃ taṃ vadāmi kosiya, dehi dānāni bhuñja ca;
『我对你说,寇支子啊,你应当布施,享受施与的快乐;
Ariyamaggaṃ samāruha, nekāsī labhate sukha’’nti.
当践行圣道,修行众多善法,以获得安乐。』
Tassapi vacanaṃ sutvā kicchena kasirena ‘‘tena hi nisīda, thokaṃ labhissasī’’ti āha. So gantvā candassa santike nisīdi. Atha naṃ mātali teneva nayena upasaṅkamitvā tatheva kathaṃ pavattetvā tassa vārentasseva imā gāthā abhāsi –
听闻此言,有位名叫基奇那·迦斯利的人说:『因这缘故,你应坐下,必能获得利益。』于是他前往月神附近坐下。随后,瑟提用那人自身为引导,来接近他,向他说明情形;当讲述完毕,即此律仪的歌谣——
§199
199.
‘‘Sarañca juhati poso, bahukāya gayāya ca;
『修持禁戒、精进修学,及常行多种善行;』
Doṇe timbarutitthasmiṃ, sīghasote mahāvahe.
在多那处的铁树林中,响度宏大如大河奔流。
§200
200.
‘‘Atra cassa hutaṃ hoti, atra cassa samīhitaṃ;
此中有燃烧,此中有集聚,
Atithismiṃ yo nisinnasmiṃ, neko bhuñjati bhojanaṃ.
客中有坐者,许多人共享食物。
§201
201.
二百零一。
‘‘Taṃ taṃ vadāmi kosiya, dehi dānāni bhuñja ca;
我以此语向迦尸国人说:请施予与共享食物。
Ariyamaggaṃ samāruha, nekāsī labhate sukha’’nti.
登上尊贵之道者,绝非独自获得安乐。
Tāsaṃ attho – yo puriso ‘‘nāgayakkhādīnaṃ balikammaṃ karomī’’ti samuddasoṇḍipokkharaṇīādīsu yaṃ kiñci sarañca upagantvā juhati, tattha balikammaṃ karoti , tathā bahukāya nadiyā gayāya pokkharaṇiyā doṇanāmake ca timbarunāmake ca titthe sīghasote mahante vārivahe. Atra cassāti yadi atrāpi etesu sarādīsu assa purisassa hutañceva samīhitañca hoti, saphalaṃ sukhudrayaṃ sampajjati. Atithismiṃ yo nisinnasmiṃ neko bhuñjati bhojanaṃ, ettha vattabbameva natthi, tena taṃ vadāmi – kosiya, dānāni ca dehi, sayañca bhuñja, ariyānaṃ dānābhiratānaṃ buddhādīnaṃ maggaṃ abhiruha. Na hi ekāsī ekova bhuñjamāno sukhaṃ nāma labhatīti.
其义在此——若有人心生念头:『我不做亚卡等恶道众生的粗重作业』,而以水牛、犍牛、荷花等所用之物为供养,献上所有净物。那人虽劳动依旧,但河流、恒河、池塘、船只、树木、港口、溪流、大水、良港无不流通畅达。如果此处此类水洼及河流旁,有人饮用此水且语言谦和,则得成就丰盛小安乐。若客人坐在此处,众人共享饮食,则无可批评。对此我说——诸国王应施舍,且饮食共享,为种种尊者布施所乐,于佛等圣道依止。因为单独独食者,绝不可得真安乐。
So tassapi vacanaṃ sutvā pabbatakūṭena otthaṭo viya kicchena kasirena ‘‘tena hi nisīda, thokaṃ labhissasī’’ti āha. Mātali gantvā sūriyassa santike nisīdi. Tato pañcasikho teneva nayena upasaṅkamitvā tatheva kathaṃ pavattetvā tassa vārentasseva gāthādvayamāha –
彼人闻此话后,如登山岭,虽遇艰难,却用些许劳力,对曰:『由此处而坐,将获少许果实』。遂往槃提利处,日日临近日出之地而坐。继而五弟子即由彼引领,至彼处而就座,详加询问,便即诵曰:
§202
202.
‘‘Baḷisañhi so nigilati, dīghasuttaṃ sabandhanaṃ;
“愚人自封狭隘,长篇言说捆缚人;
Atithismiṃ yo nisinnasmiṃ, eko bhuñjati bhojanaṃ.
客人在此独自坐,一人独食受餐馔。”
§203
203.
‘‘Taṃ taṃ vadāmi kosiya, dehi dānāni bhuñja ca;
‘我告诉你啊,稻谷,请受施并享用;
Ariyamaggaṃ samāruha, nekāsī labhate sukha’’nti.
应当登上圣道,众所获得安乐。’
Macchariyakosiyo taṃ sutvā dukkhavedano nitthunanto ‘‘tena hi nisīda, thokaṃ labhissasī’’ti āha. Pañcasikho gantvā mātalissa santike nisīdi. Iti tesu pañcasu brāhmaṇesu nisinnamattesveva pāyāso pacci. Atha naṃ kosiyo uddhanā otāretvā ‘‘tumhākaṃ pattāni āharathā’’ti āha. Te anuṭṭhāya yathānisinnāva hatthe pasāretvā himavantato māluvapattāni āhariṃsu. Kosiyo tāni disvā ‘‘tumhākaṃ etesu pattesu dātabbapāyāso natthi, khadirādīnaṃ pattāni āharathā’’ti āha. Te tānipi āhariṃsu. Ekekaṃ pattaṃ yodhaphalakappamāṇaṃ ahosi. So sabbesaṃ dabbiyā pāyāsaṃ adāsi, sabbantimassa dānakālepi ukkhaliyā ūnaṃ na paññāyi, pañcannampi datvā sayaṃ ukkhaliṃ gahetvā nisīdi. Tasmiṃ khaṇe pañcasikho uṭṭhāya attabhāvaṃ vijahitvā sunakho hutvā tesaṃ purato passāvaṃ karonto agamāsi. Brāhmaṇā attano pāyāsaṃ pattena pidahiṃsu. Kosiyassa hatthapiṭṭhe passāvabindu pati. Brāhmaṇā kuṇḍikāhi udakaṃ gahetvā pāyāsaṃ abbhukiritvā bhuñjamānā viya ahesuṃ. Kosiyo ‘‘mayhampi udakaṃ detha, hatthaṃ dhovitvā bhuñjissāmī’’ti āha. ‘‘Tava udakaṃ āharitvā hatthaṃ dhovā’’ti. ‘‘Mayā tumhākaṃ pāyāso dinno, mayhaṃ thokaṃ udakaṃ dethā’’ti. ‘‘Mayaṃ piṇḍapaṭipiṇḍakammaṃ nāma na karomā’’ti. ‘‘Tena hi imaṃ ukkhaliṃ oloketha, hatthaṃ dhovitvā āgamissāmī’’ti nadiṃ otari. Tasmiṃ khaṇe sunakho ukkhaliṃ passāvassa pūresi. So taṃ passāvaṃ karontaṃ disvā mahantaṃ daṇḍamādāya taṃ tajjento āgacchi. So assājānīyamatto hutvā taṃ anubandhanto nānāvaṇṇo ahosi, kāḷopi hoti setopi suvaṇṇavaṇṇopi kabaropi uccopi nīcopi, evaṃ nānāvaṇṇo hutvā macchariyakosiyaṃ anubandhi. So maraṇabhayabhīto brāhmaṇe upasaṅkami. Tepi uppatitvā ākāse ṭhitā. So tesaṃ taṃ iddhiṃ disvā gāthamāha –
渔夫稻谷听后感苦忧,悲叹道:‘因彼而坐,当得稻穗。’五位婆罗门去了,坐于摩宰处。五婆罗门所坐,仅是米饭。于是稻谷起身,沿陡坡下说:‘请将你们的稻帘拿来。’他们起身,象坐时展开手,便从喜马山采摘秣叶。稻谷见此,言:‘你们诸稻帘无可施米粥者,须采柚树叶等。’他们亦将叶采来。每一叶大小约一掌。稻谷用所有食物施以粥,五人领受施时,没有不喜者,五人皆受而自己执米坐。瞬间,五婆罗门起身,断除自我,成湿婆者,走至众前作手势。婆罗门以自己的粥帘覆盖手。稻谷左手滴下唾液。婆罗门用瓮水净手,食粥似乎。稻谷言:“也给我水,洗手后我食。”“你先拿水洗手。”稻谷言:“我已赐你们粥,给我些水吧。”“我们不施施粥乞食。”稻谷言:“如此请观看这米,洗手后我来。”于是下河。此时湿婆者盛满米唾液。见此做唾液,执杖走来。此者作鬼魅样,变化多端,黑白金银各色都有,诸色纷陈,接着追随渔夫稻谷。恐死婆罗门,趋前。有三位升于空中。见彼神通,作诗称赞——
§204
204.
‘‘Uḷāravaṇṇā vata brāhmaṇā ime, ayañca vo sunakho kissa hetu;
“婆罗门啊,真色鲜明;这湿婆为何如此?”
Uccāvacaṃ vaṇṇanibhaṃ vikubbati, akkhātha no brāhmaṇā ke nu tumhe’’ti.
高级而富有华彩的言辞出现了歪曲,婆罗门,请你们告诉我们是何缘故?
Taṃ sutvā sakko devarājā –
听闻此语,萨咖天帝说——
§205
205.
二百零五。
‘‘Cando ca sūriyo ca ubho idhāgatā, ayaṃ pana mātali devasārathi;
“月亮与太阳这两者都已到了此处,这人是马陀梨天神的御者;
Sakkohamasmi tidasānamindo; Eso ca kho pañcasikhoti vuccatī’’ti.
我是萨咖,天界的主宰;这人被称为五顶者。”
Gāthaṃ vatvā tassa yasaṃ vaṇṇento gāthamāha –
说完这句诗,赞叹其荣耀而说此诗——
§206
206.
‘‘Pāṇissarā mudiṅgā ca, murajālambarāni ca;
『覆手者、吊篮者,亦如披覆衣裳者;
Suttamenaṃ pabodhenti, paṭibuddho ca nandatī’’ti.
以此教法启发觉悟者,了知者亦欢喜。』
So tassa vacanaṃ sutvā ‘‘sakka, evarūpaṃ dibbasampattiṃ kinti katvā labhasī’’ti pucchi. Sakko ‘‘adānasīlā tāva pāpadhammā maccharino devalokaṃ na gacchanti, niraye nibbattantī’’ti dassento –
彼时听闻此语,萨咖问曰:『萨咖,天上功德如是,汝以何等因缘而得?』萨咖答曰:『邪戒之坏,此等恶法,蚊虫不得入天界,常现地狱受报。』如此示现——
§207
207.
‘‘Ye kecime maccharino kadariyā, paribhāsakā samaṇabrāhmaṇānaṃ;
『若复有些蚊虫,缠绕毁谤比库婆罗门者;
Idheva nikkhippa sarīradehaṃ, kāyassa bhedā nirayaṃ vajantī’’ti. –
『在此』者,将身躯舍弃,身躯破坏时,堕入地狱,受苦也。
Imaṃ gāthaṃ vatvā dhamme ṭhitānaṃ devalokapaṭilābhaṃ dassetuṃ gāthamāha –
诵此偈,为使住持法者得见天界果报,此偈而说——
§208
208.
‘‘Ye kecime suggatimāsamānā, dhamme ṭhitā saṃyame saṃvibhāge;
『诸多得善趣者,住于法中,守护分别者;','812':'『于此舍弃身躯,身躯破坏而得善趣』。
Idheva nikkhippa sarīradehaṃ, kāyassa bhedā sugatiṃ vajantī’’ti.
「就在此处舍置此身躯,身坏之后,彼等往善趣。」
Tattha āsamānāti āsīsantā. Ye keci sugatiṃ āsīsanti, sabbe te saṃyamasaṅkhāte dasasīladhamme saṃvibhāgasaṅkhāte dānadhamme ca ṭhitā hutvā idha sarīrasaṅkhātaṃ dehaṃ nikkhipitvā tassa kāyassa bhedā sugatiṃ vajantīti attho.
其中“得”者,谓企图。谓诸欲获得善趣者,皆持守五戒,护持制御,守护布施法,故舍弃此身躯,身躯破坏而得善趣之义。
Evaṃ vatvā ca pana, ‘‘kosiya, na mayaṃ tava santike pāyāsatthāya āgatā, kāruññena pana taṃ anukampamānā āgatāmhā’’ti tassa pakāsetuṃ āha –
于是如是说:『迦尸耶,我们前来并非为了您所备的甜品,乃是因慈悲而怀悲悯之心来到您这里。』为此说明说——
§209
209.
二百零九。
‘‘Tvaṃ nosi ñāti purimāsu jātisu, so maccharī rosako pāpadhammo;
『你是我们过去世的亲族,生来便是恶行多端的恶人;
Taveva atthāya idhāgatamhā, mā pāpadhammo nirayaṃ gamitthā’’ti.
但你为自己的利益而来到这里,不要因恶业而堕入地狱。』
Tattha soti so tvaṃ. Mā pāpadhammoti ayaṃ amhākaṃ ñāti pāpadhammo mā nirayaṃ agamāti etadatthaṃ āgatamhāti attho.
此处说,『你是,莫作恶』,意指这是对我们亲族中恶行者的规劝,即不要堕入地狱,所以才来劝导。
Taṃ sutvā kosiyo ‘‘atthakāmā kira me, ete maṃ nirayā uddharitvā sagge patiṭṭhāpetukāmā’’ti tuṭṭhacitto āha –
迦尸耶听闻后心悦诚服,称赞说:『我果真志向利益,我愿您等将我从地狱中救拔,安置于天上。』
§210
210.
二百一十。
‘‘Addhā maṃ vo hitakāmā, yaṃ maṃ samanusāsatha;
「诸怜惜我者,应当劝导我,使我得益;
Sohaṃ tathā karissāmi, sabbaṃ vuttaṃ hitesibhi.
我当如是行,皆从利益善友所说。
§211
211.
二百一十一。
‘‘Esāhamajjeva uparamāmi, na cāhaṃ kiñci kareyya pāpaṃ;
我必自持守,不作任何恶行;
Na cāpi me kiñci adeyyamatthi, na cāpidatvā udakaṃ pivāmi.
我无所贪求,亦不嗜饮水。」
§212
212.
二百一十二。
‘‘Evañca me dadato sabbakālaṃ, bhogā ime vāsava khīyissanti;
他说:『我若常常给予,诸天的享乐将会渐渐减少;
Tato ahaṃ pabbajissāmi sakka, hitvāna kāmāni yathodhikānī’’ti.
然后我将出家,摈弃情欲如实多者。』
Tattha manti mama. Voti tumhe. Yaṃ manti yena maṃ samanusāsatha, tena me tumhe hitakāmā. Tathāti yathā vadatha, tatheva karissāmi. Uparamāmīti maccharibhāvato uparamāmi. Adeyyamatthīti ito paṭṭhāya ca mama ālopato upaḍḍhampi adeyyaṃ nāma natthi, na cāpidatvāti udakapasatampi cāhaṃ labhitvā adatvā na pivissāmi. Khīyissantīti vikkhīyissanti. Yathodhikānīti vatthukāmakilesakāmavasena yathāṭhitakoṭṭhāsāniyeva.
这里有如是的想法。我说:「你们所想,我依照你们的看法为准,随你们喜欢的去做。」「如是说,我必如是行。」这里『摈弃』是出家之意,也可说为放弃;但『不可取用的意义』从这里断定,我的断言不被接受,我也决不饮用水缸之水而拒绝它。『减少』谓享乐消散。『如实多者』意为像囤积杂染根本贪欲之所的如实多群一样。
Sakko macchariyakosiyaṃ dametvā nibbisevanaṃ katvā dānaphalaṃ jānāpetvā dhammadesanāya pañcasu sīlesu patiṭṭhāpetvā saddhiṃ tehi devanagarameva gato. Macchariyakosiyopi nagaraṃ pavisitvā rājānaṃ anujānāpetvā ‘‘gahitagahitabhājanāni pūretvā gaṇhantū’’ti yācakānaṃ dhanaṃ datvā tasmiṃ khīṇe nikkhamma himavantato dakkhiṇapasse gaṅgāya ceva ekassa ca jātassarassa antare paṇṇasālaṃ katvā pabbajitvā vanamūlaphalāhāro tattha ciraṃ vihāsi, jaraṃ pāpuṇi. Tadā sakkassa āsā saddhā sirī hirīti catasso dhītaro honti. Tā bahuṃ dibbagandhamālaṃ ādāya udakakīḷanatthāya anotattadahaṃ gantvā tattha kīḷitvā manosilātale nisīdiṃsu. Tasmiṃ khaṇe nārado nāma brāhmaṇatāpaso tāvatiṃsabhavanaṃ divāvihāratthāya gantvā nandanavanacittalatāvanesu divāvihāraṃ katvā pāricchattakapupphaṃ chattaṃ viya chāyatthāya dhārayamāno manosilātalamatthakena attano vasanaṭṭhānaṃ kañcanaguhaṃ gacchati. Atha tā tassa hatthe taṃ pupphaṃ disvā yāciṃsu. Tamatthaṃ pakāsento satthā āha –
萨咖用渔网捕捉鱼儿,终究放生获益于布施果报。依教言五戒坚定,与天人们同行至天界。他也进入渔网城,获王许可,给予乞者施舍的财物,事情结束后,出城往喜马拉雅南面恒河及一家独苗之间,盖起帐篷,出家以食果实为食长期隐居,终身衰老。那时萨咖的憧憬、信心、光荣及荣耀,相辅相成。他们携带许多天香花环,为了水中嬉戏,前往不烫伤身体的水处,坐在水中石头上。同一时刻,有名叫那罗陀的婆罗门苦行者,为了住在四天王宫殿日昼安居,来到欣悦林中绿荫葱茏处日间安居,他手持遮阳花伞如阴凉之物,来到黄金洞穴,作为居住之所。后来他们见到手中的此花,便请求示现之处。为此,佛陀开示说——
§213
213.
二百一十三。
‘‘Naguttame girivare gandhamādane, modanti tā devavarābhipālitā;
「在那最高耸的山巅,众天神护卫之所,众神皆为香气所欢喜;
Athāgamā isivaro sabbalokagū, supupphitaṃ dumavarasākhamādiya.
亦有尊贵至高的圣人降临于此,遍行诸世间,盛开着如同极美花朵的善行枝叶。」
§214
214.
‘‘Suciṃ sugandhaṃ tidasehi sakkataṃ, pupphuttamaṃ amaravarehi sevitaṃ;
「呈现为纯净芬芳之物,正如拥有一切根基的萨咖天帝,为众仙常以最上花朵供养;
Aladdha maccehiva dānavehi vā, aññatra devehi tadārahaṃ hidaṃ.
此香非由鱼类恶魔所得,亦非魔人所有,绝不可由诸天之外者染染此净香。」
§215
215.
‘‘Tato catasso kanakattacūpamā, uṭṭhāya nāriyo pamadādhipā muniṃ;
于是四位金色之人,如莲花般起立,妇女们因发愣而忽视圣者;
Āsā ca saddhā ca sirī tato hirī, iccabravuṃ nāradadeva brāhmaṇaṃ.
随之产生了欲望与信心,庄严感和羞耻心,诸女如此对婆罗门那罗达神说道。
§216
216.
‘‘Sace anuddiṭṭhaṃ tayā mahāmuni, pupphaṃ imaṃ pārichattassa bramhe;
『大圣若愿意按照先前所说,赠予这尊帝释花伞;
Dadāhi no sabbā gati te ijjhatu, tuvampi no hohi yatheva vāsavo.
愿汝之所有皆可如愿,愿天神也慷慨赐与我们所求。』
§217
217.
‘‘Taṃ yācamānābhisamekkha nārado, iccabravī saṃkalahaṃ udīrayi;
那时,拿罗陀以恭敬之心观看那乞求者,说:“我心中想表达的意思是,如此聚集,我愿意放开限制。”
Na mayhamatthatthi imehi koci naṃ, yāyeva vo seyyasi sā piḷandhathā’’ti.
“对于我而言,这些没有任何实质意义的事情,随你们去吧,那花我也会轻轻地放下。”
Tattha girivareti purimassa vevacanaṃ. Devavarābhipālitāti sakkena rakkhitā. Sabbalokagūti devaloke ca manussaloke ca sabbattha gamanasamattho. Dumavarasākhamādiyāti sākhāya jātattā dumavarasākhanti laddhanāmaṃ pupphaṃ gahetvā. Sakkatanti katasakkāraṃ. Amaravarehīti sakkaṃ sandhāya vuttaṃ. Aññatra devehīti ṭhapetvā deve ca iddhimante ca aññehi manussehi vā yakkhādīhi vā aladdhaṃ. Tadārahaṃ hidanti tesaṃyeva hi taṃ arahaṃ anucchavikaṃ. Kanakattacūpamāti kanakūpamā tacā. Uṭṭhāyāti ayyo mālāgandhavilepanādipaṭivirato pupphaṃ na piḷandhissati, ekasmiṃ padese chaḍḍessati, etha taṃ yācitvā pupphaṃ piḷandhissāmāti hatthe pasāretvā yācamānā ekappahāreneva uṭṭhahitvā. Pamadādhipāti pamadānaṃ uttamā. Muninti isiṃ.
这段话中提到“吉利座峰”,这是很早以前的表达。所谓“天帝护持”,指的是由萨咖天帝所守护。天帝乃是所有世界的主宰,无论在人间或天界,无处不在、皆能往来自如。“多马花枝”等,是指在枝头上长出的称为多马花的美丽花朵。萨咖天帝是被尊敬的称呼。所谓“阿摩罗山”,是指与萨咖相关的山名。除此之外,还有其他神祇、拥有神通的存在,以及人间、夜叉等众生皆未曾得到。他们说“那阿拉汉正好就在附近。” “金色的泉水”是指如金子一般的泉池。“起身”者,指尊者们远离了涂有香料的花环束缚,不会去挪动花朵,只会轻轻地放下一朵花在某处。乞求者们则将花朵摊开于掌心,起身时再简单地放下一朵。这里“烦恼的根本”是指烦恼的上首,即最大根本。这里称呼尊者为“圣人”。
Anuddiṭṭhanti ‘‘asukassa nāma dassāmī’’ti na uddiṭṭhaṃ. Sabbā gati te ijjhatūti sabbā te cittagati ijjhatu, patthitapatthitassa lābhī hohīti tassa thulimaṅgalaṃ vadanti. Yatheva vāsavoti yathā amhākaṃ pitā vāsavo icchiticchitaṃ deti, tatheva no tvampi hohīti. Tanti taṃ pupphaṃ. Abhisamekkhāti disvā. Saṃkalahanti nānāgāhaṃ kalahavaḍḍhanaṃ kathaṃ udīrayi. Imehīti imehi pupphehi nāma mayhaṃ attho natthi, paṭivirato ahaṃ mālādhāraṇatoti dīpeti. Yāyeva vo seyyasīti yā tumhākaṃ antare jeṭṭhikā. Sā piḷandhathāti sā etaṃ piḷandhatūti attho.
众人尚未明白“我将展示一种非不喜乐”的意思。有人说:“愿你们所有人心志安住,无论起心动念何种,都能赢得好报。”这是极大的吉祥。就如同世尊瓦萨瓦是我们的护卫,随心施予一样,我们也愿成为你们的护卫。那花,众人观看后想:“这聚集真是纷扰不已,争执日增,我如何才能放开限制?”这些花对我没有实际利益,我愿守戒不取花环。依你们的意思,你们随意保留。那乞求者的意思即是:“你们中间的是长者,花朵我都轻轻放下。”
Tā catassopi tassa vacanaṃ sutvā gāthamāhaṃsu –
那四人听完这些话,即吟诵一首偈语——
§218
218.
‘‘Tvaṃ nottamevābhisamekkha nārada, yassicchasi tassā anuppavecchasu;
「汝非极可指责者,纳罗陀,汝所愿者即为彼无贫乏者;
Yassā hi no nārada tvaṃ padassasi, sāyeva no hehiti seṭṭhasammatā’’ti.
诣汝者若由尔言,彼当为我等最善之利益所许。」
Tattha tvaṃ nottamevāti uttamamahāmuni tvameva no upadhārehi. Tāsaṃ vacanaṃ sutvā nārado tā ālapanto gāthamāha –
于彼,汝非极可指责者,即至上大圣,唯尔为我等护持。闻彼言辞,纳罗陀应对曰—
§219
219.
‘‘Akallametaṃ vacanaṃ sugatte, ko brāhmaṇo saṃkalahaṃ udīraye;
「此语未间断,善士所说,何为婆罗门起纷争?
Gantvāna bhūtādhipameva pucchatha, sace na jānātha idhuttamādhame’’nti.
亲至至高存者处问之,如若未知此间上与下。」
Tassattho – bhadde sugatte, idaṃ tumhehi vuttaṃ vacanaṃ mama ayuttaṃ, evañhi sati mayā tumhesu ekaṃ seṭṭhaṃ, sesā hīnā karontena kalaho vaḍḍhito bhavissati, ko bāhitapāpo brāhmaṇo kalahaṃ udīraye vaḍḍheyya. Evarūpassa hi kalahavaḍḍhanaṃ nāma ayuttaṃ, tasmā ito gatvā attano pitaraṃ bhūtādhipaṃ sakkameva pucchatha, sace attano uttamaṃ adhamañca na jānāthāti.
此义者——善逝者所言:「诸位比库,此语是我为你们所说的妙语。若能如是知持,在诸比库中,你们乃为第一。余者若行,争讼必生滋长,谁人若善于外放恶行,助长争讼呢?这等争讼滋长者,名为妙语,故此你们应去往自己所信赖之处,询问自身之尊者,如是所行中最高或最低,若不知晓,当如此行。」
Tato satthā gāthamāha –
于是世尊即作圣颂偈曰——
§220
220.
‘‘Tā nāradena paramappakopitā, udīritā vaṇṇamadena mattā;
「如那罗陀极其愤怒,虽被美色诱惑颇为狂乱;
Sakāse gantvāna sahassacakkhuno, pucchiṃsu bhūtādhipaṃ kā nu seyyasī’’ti.
亲往萨咖天帝处侍问,谁是我们族中尊贵者?」
Tattha paramappakopitāti pupphaṃ adadantena ativiya kopitā tassa kupitā hutvā. Udīritāti ‘‘bhūtādhipameva pucchathā’’ti vuttā. Sahassacakkhunoti sakkassa santikaṃ gantvā. Kā nūti amhākaṃ antare katamā uttamāti pucchiṃsu.
其中“极其愤怒”者,如荼毒之花以牙咬人般极怒,遂成怒焰。所说“侍问天帝”者,谓向萨咖天帝近前而问。至于“谁”,谓于我们之中谁为至上,则问之意也。
Evaṃ pucchitvā ṭhitā –
如是问之后,立定不动——
§221
221.
二百二十一。
‘‘Tā disvā āyattamanā purindado, iccabravī devavaro katañjalī;
『见彼则心紧张的众生,你这尊贵的天神合掌说道:
Sabbāva vo hotha sugatte sādisī, koneva bhadde kalahaṃ udīrayī’’ti.
愿你们诸位都往善处去,亲近善友,不要挑起纠纷纷争。』
Tattha tā disvāti, bhikkhave, catassopi attano santikaṃ āgatā disvā. Āyattamanāti ussukkamanā byāvaṭacittā. Katañjalīti namassamānāhi devatāhi paggahitañjalī. Sādisīti sabbāva tumhe sādisiyo. Ko nevāti ko nu evaṃ. Kalahaṃ udīrayīti idaṃ nānāgāhaṃ viggahaṃ kathesi vaḍḍhesi.
彼处所见者,诸比库,当知有四人亲自来到其侧相见。所谓心紧张者,即恼怒烦乱心。合掌者,为向天众等恭敬合十礼。亲近者,意谓诸位都当亲近善友。谁呢,谓谁也如此。挑起纠纷,即揭露各样的争讼纷争,增大其恶。
Athassa tā kathayamānā gāthamāhaṃsu –
随后彼等正述此事,颂曰——
§222
222.
二百二十二。
‘‘Yo sabbalokaccarito mahāmuni, dhamme ṭhito nārado saccanikkamo;
『那一切世间所行无畏大圣者,立于法中的那罗陀,如实断灭真谛者,
So nobravi girivare gandhamādane, gantvāna bhūtādhipameva pucchatha;
他不论在香山之上,还是在香气之地降临,皆不曾轻言,前去问询那诸实体之主;
Sace na jānātha idhuttamādhama’’nti.
若不知晓此处所说最下品的话语,则不作答。』
Tattha saccanikkamoti tathaparakkamo.
此中所谓真谛断灭者,是指如实断灭之意。
Taṃ sutvā sakko ‘‘imā catassopi mayhaṃ dhītarova, sacāhaṃ ‘etāsu ekā guṇasampannā uttamā’ti vakkhāmi, sesā kujjhissanti, na sakkā ayaṃ aḍḍo vinicchinituṃ, imā himavante kosiyatāpasassa santikaṃ pesesāmi, so etāsaṃ aḍḍaṃ vinicchinissatī’’ti cintetvā ‘‘ahaṃ tumhākaṃ aḍḍaṃ na vinicchinissāmi, himavante kosiyo nāma tāpaso atthi, tassāhaṃ attano sudhābhojanaṃ pesessāmi, so parassa adatvā na bhuñjati, dadanto ca vicinitvā guṇavantānaṃ deti, yā tumhesu tassa hatthato bhattaṃ labhissati, sā uttamā bhavissatī’’ti ācikkhanto gāthamāha –
闻此,萨咖天帝念道:『这四位之中,我乃最明智者,将言说:“其中有一位具足最殊胜功德”。其他必将生怨,本天无能断其结,我当遣使至这喜马拉雅山之苦行者处,促使彼断其怨恨。』于是意念:『我不为你们断其怨恨,于喜马拉雅山有一苦行者,我当供养自家佳妙饮食;彼不得私吞,但行辨察诸有德者,赠与之,尔等中将亲自受其供养,此必为最优。』萨咖天帝言说,嘱咐道——
§223
223.
‘‘Asu brahāraññacaro mahāmuni, nādatvā bhattaṃ varagatte bhuñjati;
『天行于森林中的大圣人,未曾发声,即在瓦拉加特湿地安食;
Viceyya dānāni dadāti kosiyo,
他审察施舍,赐予贫困者,
Yassā hi so dassati sāva seyyasī’’ti.
因他能示现如此,即为安躺的贤者。』
Tattha brahāraññadharoti mahāaraññavāsī.
此中,森林居者执持此天行。
Iti so tāpasassa santikaṃ pesetvā mātaliṃ pakkosāpetvā tassa santikaṃ pesento anantaraṃ gāthamāha –
于是,他遣使亲近苦行者,派遣乞士前往其近处,随后即吟唱偈语:
§224
224.
二百二十四。
‘‘Asū hi yo sammati dakkhiṇaṃ disaṃ, gaṅgāya tīre himavantapassani;
所谓“若有人朝向南方,至恒山山脉边的恒河岸边;
Sa kosiyo dullabhapānabhojano, tassa sudhaṃ pāpaya devasārathī’’ti.
此人为迦萨族人,极难得饮食,此为他们的甘露,堕落于恶业者,乃天众之引领。”
Tattha sammatīti vasati. Dakkhiṇanti himavantassa dakkhiṇāya disāya. Passanīti passe.
其中“朝向”意指生于此教法中;南方指恒山以南之方位。“看”即注目、观察。
Tato satthā āha –
随后世尊说——
§225
225.
二百二十五。
‘‘Sa mātalī devavarena pesito, sahassayuttaṃ abhiruyha sandanaṃ;
此乃由天神玛陀利所派遣,率领千众,攀登松香山;
Sukhippameva upagamma assamaṃ, adissamāno munino sudhaṃ adā’’ti.
安然无恙地到达,不曾失礼,向尊贵的圣人献上甘露寂静;
Tattha adissamānoti, bhikkhave, so mātali devarājassa vacanaṃ sampaṭicchitvā taṃ assamaṃ gantvā adissamānakāyo hutvā tassa sudhaṃ adāsi, dadamāno ca rattiṃ padhānamanuyuñjitvā paccūsasamaye aggiṃ paricaritvā vibhātāya rattiyā udentaṃ sūriyaṃ namassamānassa ṭhitassa tassa hatthe sudhābhojanapātiṃ ṭhapesi.
其中所谓“不曾失礼”,比库们,意指由玛陀利天王奉其命令,亲自前往,恭敬无比,身体谦逊,向圣人献上甘露。夜间他恪守戒律,恆行持戒,次日黎明,助火供养,迎朝日升起,恭敬地敬礼后,将甘露盛盏置于圣人手中;
Kosiyo taṃ gahetvā ṭhitakova gāthādvayamāha –
迦叶比库接过甘露,似立姿态,吟诵两句偈颂说──
§226
226.
‘‘Udaggihuttaṃ upatiṭṭhato hi me, pabhaṅkaraṃ lokatamonuduttamaṃ;
“我时已从高处起立,光辉显耀,世间最上最明亮;
Sabbāni bhūtāni adhicca vāsavo;
诸有皆如露华聚集,
Ko neva me pāṇisu kiṃ sudhodahi.
莫有净水可比我手中之甘露。
§227
227.
‘‘Saṅkhūpamaṃ setamatulyadassanaṃ, suciṃ sugandhaṃ piyarūpamabbhutaṃ;
『清净无垢如堤岸醴水,清香美妙爱瞳悦目;
Adiṭṭhapubbaṃ mama jātu cakkhubhi, kā devatā pāṇisu kiṃ sudhodahī’’ti.
未曾用眼见过此甘露,何神何天能得此纯净?』
Tattha udaggihuttanti udakaaggihuttaṃ paricaritvā aggisālato nikkhamma paṇṇasāladvāre ṭhatvā pabhaṅkaraṃ lokatamonudaṃ uttamaṃ ādiccaṃ upatiṭṭhato mama sabbāni bhūtāni adhicca atikkamitvā vattamāno vāsavo nu kho evaṃ mama pāṇīsu kiṃ sudhaṃ kiṃ nāmetaṃ odahi. ‘‘Saṅkhūpama’’ntiādīhi ṭhitakova sudhaṃ vaṇṇeti.
其间称为水火悉调,火供水托,出火舍门,照耀群伦,得最妙甘露,以晷为上升;我手持此甘露,超越诸有,诸天云何敢涂我掌中甘露?所谓『萨迦帕玛』云者,以如聚相比喻此甘露。
Tato mātali āha –
然后马达利说——
§228
228.
‘‘Ahaṃ mahindena mahesi pesito, sudhābhihāsiṃ turito mahāmuni;
『我受大王摩诃因陀罗所遣,迅速前来禀告大圣;
Jānāsi maṃ mātali devasārathi, bhuñjassu bhattuttama mābhivārayi.
马达利天神驾车者啊,你知道我了,就请享用美味佳肴,不要加以阻碍。』
§229
229.
‘‘Bhuttā ca sā dvādasa hanti pāpake, khudaṃ pipāsaṃ aratiṃ daraklamaṃ;
『食物一旦被吃已,便断除十二恶业、饥渴和不安迟钝。』
Kodhūpanāhañca vivādapesuṇaṃ, sītuṇha tandiñca rasuttamaṃ ida’’nti.
“忿恚恼怒、怨恨争辩、感冷发热与饥渴极甚”等者。
Tattha sudhābhihāsinti imaṃ sudhābhojanaṃ tuyhaṃ abhihariṃ. Jānāsīti jānāhi maṃ tvaṃ, ahaṃ mātali nāma devasārathīti attho. Mābhivārayīti na bhuñjāmīti appaṭikkhipitvā bhuñja mā papañca kari. Pāpaketi ayañhi sudhā bhuttā dvādasa pāpadhamme hanati. Khudanti paṭhamaṃ tāva chātabhāvaṃ hanati, dutiyaṃ pānīyapipāsaṃ, tatiyaṃ ukkaṇṭhitaṃ, catutthaṃ kāyadarathaṃ, pañcamaṃ kilantabhāvaṃ, chaṭṭhaṃ kodhaṃ, sattamaṃ upanāhaṃ, aṭṭhamaṃ vivādaṃ, navamaṃ pesuṇaṃ, dasamaṃ sītaṃ, ekādasamaṃ uṇhaṃ, dvādasamaṃ tandiṃ ālasiyabhāvaṃ, idaṃ rasuttamaṃ uttamarasaṃ sudhābhojanaṃ ime dvādasa pāpadhamme hanati.
“其中有‘甘露饮食’者,向你称说为甘露美食。‘知道吧,你知道我,就是名为马他利的天王使者’——这就是其意。‘不要阻止’者,意谓‘不应阻止,尽可食用,不可作恶’。‘恶’者,是说这甘露食用后杀害十二恶因:首先是饿死,灭除饥饿之苦;其次解渴;第三止恼;第四解身苦;第五除朽坏;第六灭忿恚;第七破怨恨;第八绝争辩;第九消毒秽;第十解冷苦;第十一止热苦;第十二除倦怠。此等十二恶因即被此甘露美食所断灭。”
Taṃ sutvā kosiyo attano vatasamādānaṃ āvikaronto –
闻此言,拘尸吒心中念起,认自己话义正确,心中生起以下自言自语:
§230
230.
(此处为编号230)
‘‘Na kappatī mātali mayha bhuñjituṃ, pubbe adatvā iti me vatuttamaṃ;
‘我马他利不该吃这食物,早先曾说过此话;
Na cāpi ekāsnamariyapūjitaṃ, asaṃvibhāgī ca sukhaṃ na vindatī’’ti. –
我不曾单独受供养,因不共享故,也不会得安乐。’
Gāthaṃ vatvā, ‘‘bhante, tumhehi parassa adatvā bhojane kaṃ dosaṃ disvā idaṃ vataṃ samādinna’’nti mātalinā puṭṭho āha –
曾作偈言:「尊者,为你们所不受用之他人所施与的饮食,有何过失可见?这确是被他人接受的。」马塔利尼问道——
§231
231.
‘‘Thīghātakā ye cime pāradārikā, mittadduno ye ca sapanti subbate;
「那些献祭仪式的牺牲牲畜,和那些称为朋友者,在聪明人眼中虽被视作清净物;
Sabbe ca te maccharipañcamādhamā, tasmā adatvā udakampi nāsniye.
然而这全是五种昆虫群的滋生地,因此不应接受,连水亦不可饮用。」
§232
232.
‘‘Sohitthiyā vā purisassa vā pana, dassāmi dānaṃ vidusampavaṇṇitaṃ;
「无论是妇女或男子,我都将如实宣说,与知识者相称的布施。」
Saddhā vadaññū idha vītamaccharā, bhavanti hete sucisaccasammatā’’ti.
『信』、『有智慧』者,在此不为恶虫所染污者,是因缘故谓之纯净真实所承认。
Tattha pubbeti paṭhamaṃ adatvā, atha vā iti me pubbe vatuttamaṃ idaṃ pubbeva mayā vataṃ samādinnanti dasseti. Na cāpi ekāsnamariyapūjitanti ekakassa asanaṃ na ariyehi buddhādīhi pūjitaṃ. Sukhanti dibbamānusikaṃ sukhaṃ na labhati. Thīghātakāti itthighātakā. Ye cimeti ye ca ime. Sapantīti akkosanti. Subbateti dhammikasamaṇabrāhmaṇe. Maccharipañcamāti maccharī pañcamo etesanti maccharipañcamā. Adhamāti ime pañca adhamā nāma. Tasmāti yasmā ahaṃ pañcamaadhamabhāvabhayena adatvā udakampi nāsniye na paribhuñjissāmīti imaṃ vataṃ samādiyiṃ. Sohitthiyā vāti so ahaṃ itthiyā vā. Vidusampavaṇṇitanti vidūhi paṇḍitehi buddhādīhi vaṇṇitaṃ. Sucisaccasammatāti ete okappaniyasaddhāya samannāgatā vadaññū vītamaccharā purisā sucī ceva uttamasammatā ca hontīti attho.
此中之前说第一,未尽之时,或谓:『这是我以前所说』,确实此事乃我以前所讲,应如是观察。且不只一次,尊贵者或如来等座位亦未被所崇敬。天人享乐人间之乐,非真实所得。『长斩者』谓女杀害者。『何者』及『这些』。『恚恨』者谓谩骂者。『善法者』谓持戒于正法之沙门婆罗门。『蚊虫五』谓蚊虫为第五。『下劣』者此五皆下贱。故我因恐五中第五之卑劣,决不饮用水中杂物而用。『是女生』谓我为女性。『为明智而美称』者,谓智者诸佛尊者歌赞之。『纯净真实所承认』者,具此契机信心有智慧,绝不染污,男子女性均为纯净中最高级者,是意也。
Taṃ sutvā mātali dissamānakāyena aṭṭhāsi. Tasmiṃ khaṇe tā catasso devakaññāyo catuddisaṃ aṭṭhaṃsu, sirī pācīnadisāya aṭṭhāsi, āsā dakkhiṇadisāya, saddhā pacchimadisāya, hirī uttaradisāya. Tamatthaṃ pakāsento satthā āha –
闻此,马他利以现形显现,立于地上。当时四位天女立于四方:东方立立,南方立望,西方立信,北方立恻隐。明示此意,圣者告言——
§233
233.
‘‘Ato matā devavarena pesitā, kaññā catasso kanakattacūpamā;
『从此以降,以天神之命,四位天女如黄金般明朗;
Āsā ca saddhā ca sirī tato hirī, taṃ assamaṃ āgamu yattha kosiyo.
希冀信心荣华自此起,恻隐居北,至迦尸国境。』
§234
234.
‘‘Tā disvā sabbo paramappamodito, subhena vaṇṇena sikhārivaggino;
『彼方诸天见之皆大欢喜,辉光灿然,光芒四射;
Kaññā catasso caturo catuddisā, iccabravī mātalino ca sammukhā.
四方皆聚集少女众多,面向此处而来,因此对持律者言。』
§235
235.
‘‘Purimaṃ disaṃ kā tvaṃ pabhāsi devate, alaṅkatā tāravarāva osadhī;
『天神啊,尔能否示现先方光明?彼光辉装饰犹如星群与鲜药;
Pucchāmi taṃ kañcanavelliviggahe, ācikkha me tvaṃ katamāsi devatā.
我请问尔,那聚金汪洋之所,为何乃是尔所在之天所?』
§236
236.
‘‘Sirāha devī manujehi pūjitā, apāpasattūpanisevinī sadā;
“头面女神被人敬奉,常常护持不善之善业;
Sudhāvivādena tavantimāgatā, taṃ maṃ sudhāya varapañña bhājaya.
以甘露辩论为助缘,予我以甘露般的优秀智慧。”
§237
237.
‘‘Yassāhamicchāmi sudhaṃ mahāmuni, so sabbakāmehi naro pamodati;
“我所愿得的甘露,大智的尊者,令一切欲乐的人欢喜;
Sirīti maṃ jānahi jūhatuttama, taṃ maṃ sudhāya varapañña bhājayā’’ti.
请知我此敬意,作最精进者,予我以甘露般的优秀智慧。”
Tattha atoti tato. Matāti anumatā, atha devavarena anumatā ceva pesitā cāti attho. Sabbo paramappamoditoti anavaseso hutvā atipamodito. ‘‘Sāma’’ntipi pāṭho, tā devatā sāmaṃ disvāti attho. Caturoti caturā. Ayameva vā pāṭho, cāturiyena samannāgatāti attho. Tāravarāti tārakānaṃ varā. Kañcanavelliviggaheti kañcanarūpasadisasarīre. Sirāhāti sirī ahaṃ. Tavantimāgatāti tava santikaṃ āgatā. Bhājayāti yathā maṃ sudhā bhajati, tathā karohi, sudhaṃ me dehīti attho. Jānahīti jāna. Jūhatuttamāti aggiṃ juhantānaṃ uttama.
于此,『离』者,从彼也。『被认可』者,得到许可;意即:得到天神之王的认可并被遣派。『一切极为欢喜』者,无一例外,极度欢喜。亦有读作『亲自』,意为:彼等天女亲自见到(她)。『聪慧』者,机敏灵巧。或即此读法,意为:具足智巧。『群星中的最胜者』者,星辰中最殊胜者。『具黄金藤蔓般身形』者,具有如同黄金色泽般形貌的身躯。『我乃吉祥』者,我是吉祥女。『已来至汝处』者,已前来你的身旁。『请分予』者,意即:如同天食归属于我,请如此而行,请将天食赐予我。『请知』者,知晓吧。『献祭火供者中最胜』者,于献供火祭者中最为殊胜。
Taṃ sutvā kosiyo āha –
听闻此言后,果斯亚说道——
§238
238.
二百三十八。
‘‘Sippena vijjācaraṇena buddhiyā, narā upetā paguṇā sakammunā;
『藉由家族、学识、行为及智慧,人与人之间产生了亲善之因;
Tayā vihīnā na labhanti kiñcanaṃ, tayidaṃ na sādhu yadidaṃ tayā kataṃ.
缺失此者,便一无所得,这以此不足为善;
§239
239.
二百三十九。
‘‘Passāmi posaṃ alasaṃ mahagghasaṃ, sudukkulīnampi arūpimaṃ naraṃ;
『我见此人肥胖、懒惰、粗鄙,且素行恶劣,』
Tayānugutto siri jātimāmapi, peseti dāsaṃ viya bhogavā sukhī.
『他还供奉着祖先,十分守本家礼仪,宛如奴隶一般地享受福乐。』
§240
240.
‘‘Taṃ taṃ asaccaṃ avibhajjaseviniṃ, jānāmi mūḷhaṃ vidurānupātiniṃ;
『这种人虚伪不诚,却不懂得分别;我知道他是愚痴人,阴险狡诈,』
Na tādisī arahati āsanūdakaṃ, kuto sudhā gaccha na mayha ruccasī’’ti.
『根本不是阿拉汉那般的清净圣者,哪里来什么甘露饮食,我对此不感兴趣。』
Tattha sippenāti hatthiassarathadhanusippādinā. Vijjācaraṇenāti vedattayasaṅkhātāya vijjāya ceva sīlena ca. Paguṇā sakammunāti attano purisakārena padhānaguṇasamannāgatā. Kiñcananti kiñci appamattakampi yasaṃ vā sukhaṃ vā na labhanti. Yadidanti yaṃ etaṃ issariyatthāya sippāni uggaṇhitvā carantānaṃ tayā vekallaṃ kataṃ, taṃ te na sādhu. Arūpimanti virūpaṃ. Tayānuguttoti tayā anurakkhito. Jātimāmapīti jātisampannampi sippavijjācaraṇabuddhikammehi sampannampi. Pesetīti pesanakārakaṃ karoti. Taṃ tanti tasmā taṃ. Asaccanti sabhāvasaṅkhāte sacce avattanatāya asaccaṃ uttamabhāvarahitaṃ. Avibhajjasevininti avibhajitvā yuttāyuttaṃ ajānitvā sippādisampannepi itarepi sevamānaṃ. Vidurānupātininti paṇḍitānupātiniṃ paṇḍite pātetvā pothetvā viheṭhetvā caramānaṃ. Kuto sudhāti tādisāya nigguṇāya kuto sudhābhojanaṃ, na me ruccasi, gaccha mā idha tiṭṭhāti.
于此,『以技艺』者,以驭象、驭马、御车、弓术等技艺。『以明行』者,以称为三吠陀之明,以及以戒行。『凭自身之业而熟练』者,以自身的努力精进,具足卓越之德。『任何』者,乃至极少的名誉或安乐亦无所得。『此即』者,汝为那些为求权贵而学习技艺游行者所造成的缺憾——彼于汝不善。『丑陋』者,形貌恶劣。『受汝庇护』者,受到你的护持。『即便是出身高贵者』者,即便是具足良好出身、以技艺明行及善业而具足者。『使之如使者』者,令其充当差役。『故此』者,因此之故。『非实』者,于名为真实本性之谛不得安住,故为非实,缺乏最胜之性。『不分别而相从』者,不加分辨、不知应理与不应理,无论具足技艺者抑或其余之人皆相从。『随害智者而行』者,追随于智者之后,将智者打倒、踩踏、逼迫而游行。『天食何来』者,如此无德之人,天食供养何从得来?我不喜欢你,去吧,勿留于此。
Sā tena paṭikkhittā tatthevantaradhāyi. Tato so āsāya saddhiṃ sallapanto āha –
由此被拒绝者,正是在其中潜伏。继而他与阿萨耶一同交谈,说—
§241
241.
二百四十一节。
‘‘Kā sukkadāṭhā paṭimukkakuṇḍalā, cittaṅgadā kambuvimaṭṭhadhārinī;
“何等是良好针眼、侧耳环者,心守护者、持长袈裟者;
Osittavaṇṇaṃ paridayha sobhasi, kusaggirattaṃ apiḷayha mañjariṃ.
色泽明净如白象,披带光辉;如高洁莲花,兼具清净光彩。
§242
242.
二百四十二节。
‘‘Migīva bhantā saracāpadhārinā, virādhitā mandamiva udikkhasi;
“如同山林之君,负剑持矛者,缓缓前行,如同迟钝慢梁;
Ko te dutīyo ida mandalocane, na bhāyasi ekikā kānane vane’’ti.
“那位目光迟缓的人没有恐惧,独自一人在森林中。”
Tattha cittaṅgadāti citrehi aṅgadehi samannāgatā. Kambuvimaṭṭhadhārinīti karaṇapariniṭṭhitena vimaṭṭhasuvaṇṇālaṅkāradhārinī. Osittavaṇṇanti avasittaudakadhāravaṇṇaṃ dibbadukūlaṃ. Paridayhāti nivāsetvā ceva pārupitvā ca. Kusaggirattanti kusatiṇaggisikhāvaṇṇaṃ. Apiḷayha mañjarinti sapallavaṃ asokakaṇṇikaṃ kaṇṇe piḷandhitvāti vuttaṃ hoti. Saracāpadhārināti luddena. Virādhitāti viraddhapahārā. Mandamivāti yathā sā migī bhītā vanantare ṭhatvā taṃ mandaṃ mandaṃ oloketi, evaṃ olokesi.
于此,『饰以彩纹臂环』者,佩戴各色彩纹臂镯。『持经打磨如螺般之饰物』者,佩戴经由巧工精磨的黄金庄严具。『色若注水之光泽』者,如同洒注流水般光泽的天妙细布。『披覆』者,既已着于下,又披于上。『色如茅草尖端之红』者,色如茅草草尖嫩芽之色。『将含苞花枝压于耳畔』者,意谓:将带嫩芽的无忧花之花蕊插压于耳际。『持弓箭者』者,猎人。『被伤害』者,遭受失误之击。『如痴鹿般』者,如同那只受惊的母鹿,立于林中缓缓回望,她亦如此回望。
Tato āsā āha –
于是阿萨说:
§243
243.
‘‘Na me dutīyo idha matthi kosiya, masakkasārappabhavamhi devatā;
“我此处无第二者,乃因天神于龙宫中显现;
Āsā sudhāsāya tavantimāgatā, taṃ maṃ sudhāya varapañña bhājayā’’ti.
阿萨,由你传来甘露多福,我得甘露,享大智慧。”
Tattha masakkasārappabhavāti tāvatiṃsabhavane sambhavā.
此处谓斩断欲望之心发生于三十三天宫。
Taṃ sutvā kosiyo ‘‘tvaṃ kira yo te ruccati, tassa āsāphalanipphādanena āsaṃ desi, yo te na ruccati, tassa na desi, natthi tayā samā patthitatthavināsikā’’ti dīpento āha –
听闻此言,拘尸那城的迦叶比库说:「你若所喜者,因为欲望未得满足而生起渴求;你不喜者,不为之说法,因其无所依止且真义灭亡。」明白此理之后,他如是宣说——
§244
244.
‘‘Āsāya yanti vāṇijā dhanesino, nāvaṃ samāruyha parenti aṇṇave;
『商人因贪欲而去,大船远航,入港卸货;
Te tattha sīdanti athopi ekadā, jīnādhanā enti vinaṭṭhapābhatā.
他们虽在此止宿,但终有一日,商号败落,失去财富。』
§245
245.
‘‘Āsāya khettāni kasanti kassakā, vapanti bījāni karontupāyaso;
种子耕地者为谁施耕作,施以水分,勤行护育;
Ītīnipātena avuṭṭhitāya vā, na kiñci vindanti tato phalāgamaṃ.
若种子受打翻或破坏,必无所获,不见果实收成。
§246
246.
‘‘Athattakārāni karonti bhattusu, āsaṃ purakkhatvā narā sukhesino;
食师则为饭食而作业,先起耕地,犁作勤劳,居于安乐之地众生;
Te bhatturatthā atigāḷhitā puna, disā panassanti aladdha kiñcanaṃ.
彼等耕作过度而有余,然复四处游行,未获任何所得。
§247
247.
‘‘Hitvāna dhaññañca dhanañca ñātake, āsāya saggādhimanā sukhesino;
『舍弃稻谷与财富,并舍弃亲属,对天上之乐充满渴望;』
Tapanti lūkhampi tapaṃ cirantaraṃ, kumaggamāruyha parenti duggatiṃ.
『磨炼躯体,忍受长期的苦行,执着邪见,阻碍他人入恶道。』
§248
248.
二百四十八。
‘‘Āsā visaṃvādikasammatā ime, āse sudhāsaṃ vinayassu attani;
『这些渴望是以纷争为准则的,这样的渴望应当在自身接受清净戒法;』
Na tādisī arahati āsanūdakaṃ, kuto sudhā gaccha na mayha ruccasī’’ti.
『如同阿拉汉,不喜饮不净的水,何况我呢?我不喜净饮啊。』
Tattha parentīti pakkhandanti. Jīnādhanāti jīnadhanā. Iti tava vasena eke sampajjanti eke vipajjanti, natthi tayā sadisā pāpadhammāti vadati. Karontupāyasoti taṃ taṃ kiccaṃ upāyena karonti. Ītīnipātenāti visamavātamūsikasalabhasukapāṇakasetaṭṭhikarogādīnaṃ sassupaddavānaṃ aññataranipātena vā. Tatoti tato sassato te kiñci phalaṃ na vindanti, tesampi āsacchedanakammaṃ tvameva karosīti vadati. Athattakārānīti yuddhabhūmīsu purisakāre. Āsaṃ purakkhatvāti issariyāsaṃ purato katvā. Bhatturatthāti sāmino atthāya. Atigāḷitāti paccatthikehi atipīḷitā viluttasāpateyyā ddhastasenavāhanā hutvā. Panassantīti palāyanti. Aladdha kiñcananti kiñci issariyaṃ alabhitvā . Iti etesampi issariyālābhaṃ tvameva karosīti vadati. Saggādhimanāti saggaṃ adhigantumanā. Lūkhanti nirojaṃ pañcatapādikaṃ kāyakilamathaṃ. Cirantaranti cirakālaṃ. Āsā visaṃvādikasammatā imeti evaṃ ime sattā saggāsāya duggatiṃ gacchanti, tasmā tvaṃ āsā nāma visaṃvādikasammatā visaṃvādikāti saṅkhaṃ gatā. Āseti taṃ ālapati.
此中「前往他方」者,即谓「背弃」,故说『背弃』。所谓『贪欲财富』即所谓“世俗财富”。依此义,有人修习至善,有人堕落恶道,无有相同之恶法言说。所谓“行施方便”即以适当方法行所当行事。『最惨烈下陷』者,谓恶风、鼠害、蛇咬、盗贼、瘟疫等各种灾难,与其中一些灾难类似的灾难。『他方』者,谓永远远离安乐者也。于此种恶劣状态,无一获果,汝应对此亦实施断绝之行。所谓『战场事由』是指于战场上的人事。『先行贪欲』即先于君主之前行贪图之义。『食用意图』即意味着对食物有所归依。『遭受蹂躏』谓后方被敌军压迫,损坏庄稼、牲畜、战马等。『逃离』者,谓离开所住之地。『未得任何』即未获得任何部属。对此等无论何者,汝皆应主动实行夺取君主之权利。『天上之乐』意谓以得往生天界为心志者。『磨炼』谓五根皆不净之身分别。『长期』谓时久。『渴望是以纷争为准』意谓众生因这些渴望而陷入天上樂或恶趣之间。故汝所称渴望即是多纷争法之准则,而渴望即为纷争者。『渴望』谓此语所言也。
Sāpi tena paṭikkhittā antaradhāyi. Tato saddhāya saddhiṃ sallapanto gāthamāha –
于是,被拒绝的人消失无踪。接着,他以信心与对方交谈,吟诵了一首歌谣说:
§249
249.
‘‘Daddallamānā yasasā yasassinī, jighaññanāmavhayanaṃ disaṃ pati;
「你如流动的水,名闻显赫,迫害名誉,四方四面,
Pucchāmi taṃ kañcanavelliviggahe, ācikkha me tvaṃ katamāsi devate’’ti.
我问你,居于金银宝山之上,告诉我,你在众神中是何身份。」
Tattha daddallamānāti jalamānā. Jighaññanāmavhayananti aparāti ca pacchimāti ca evaṃ jighaññena lāmakena nāmena vuccamānaṃ disaṃ pati daddallamānā tiṭṭhasi.
其中“如流动”者谓水流不停;“迫害名誉”者谓前后(朝西与朝东)均因渴望而遭摧毁,以‘渴望杀手’之名称之。故称之为如流动之水,常立于方位之间。
Tato sā gāthamāha –
于是她又吟诵了一首歌谣说:
§250
250.
二百五十。
‘‘Saddhāha devī manujehi pūjitā, apāpasattūpanisevinī sadā;
『信心者,天、人所尊重,常远离恶事,
Sudhāvivādena tavanti māgatā, taṃ maṃ sudhāya varapañña bhājayā’’ti.
如同甘露争辩所清净,依止甘露,具大智慧而共享。』
Tattha saddhāti yassa kassaci vacanapattiyāyanā sāvajjāpi hoti anavajjāpi. Pūjitāti anavajjakoṭṭhāsavasena pūjitā. Apāpasattūpanisevinīti anavajjasaddhāya ca ekantapattiyāyanusabhāvāra paresupi pattiyāyanavidahanasamatthāya devatāyetaṃ nāmaṃ.
这里,信心依某人话语接受而言,可为有过失者亦可无过失者。尊敬者,指无过失之染污堆积者而受尊敬。远离恶事与依止者,是指以无过失信心,永远接受单一教义,且能断除执着及使他人生起信心者,是所谓天神的名称。
Athaṃ naṃ kosiyo ‘‘ime sattā yassa kassaci vacanaṃ saddahitvā taṃ taṃ karontā kattabbato akattabbameva bahutaraṃ karonti, taṃ sabbaṃ tayā kāritaṃ nāma hotī’’ti vatvā evamāha –
于是尊者拘尸那论曰:『诸众生对某些言语发生信心而持行,应做不得做之事,反多为不得做之事,此皆由其受某人制造故。』说如此。
§251
251.
二百五十一。
‘‘Dānaṃ damaṃ cāgamathopi saṃyamaṃ, ādāya saddhāya karonti hekadā;
“布施、持戒、布施乃至守禁戒,这些行为是凭借信心而行于某一时刻;
Theyyaṃ musā kūṭamathopi pesuṇaṃ, karonti heke puna viccutā tayā.
那些心怀不净、妄语、欺诈之人为恶行,时而造作,有时则因戒断而止息。”
§252
252.
‘‘Bhariyāsu poso sadisīsu pekkhavā, sīlūpapannāsu patibbatāsupi;
“观察妻子、同伴及品行端正者的习俗,虽曾犯戒,
Vinetvāna chandaṃ kulitthirāsupi, karoti saddhaṃ puna kumbhadāsiyā.
但若已断除贪欲与伪恶,心意纯正,便能重新以信心行持如同效仿壶奴的虔诚。”
§253
253.
‘‘Tvameva saddhe paradārasevinī, pāpaṃ karosi kusalampi riñcasi;
『你唯独信奉外人,是外人之使女,作恶恶行,舍弃善行;』
Na tādisī arahati āsanūdakaṃ, kuto sudhā gaccha na mayha ruccasī’’ti.
『非此类阿拉汉能饮此清净之水,何况我不悦汝所行?』
Tattha dānanti dasavatthukaṃ puññacetanaṃ. Damanti indriyadamanaṃ. Cāganti deyyadhammapariccāgaṃ. Saṃyamanti sīlaṃ. Ādāya saddhāyāti ‘‘etāni dānādīni mahānisaṃsāni kattabbānī’’ti vadataṃ vacanaṃ saddhāya ādiyitvāpi karonti ekadā. Kūṭanti tulākūṭādikaṃ vā gāmakūṭādikaṃ kammaṃ vā. Karonti heketi eke manussā evarūpesu nāma kālesu imesañca atthāya theyyādīni kattabbānīti kesañci vacanaṃ saddahitvā etānipi karonti. Puna viccutā tayāti puna tayā visuttā sāvajjadukkhavipākānetāni na kattabbānīti vadataṃ vacanaṃ apattiyāyitvāpi karonti. Iti tava vasena sāvajjampi anavajjampi kareyyāsi vadati.
此处所言布施者具十种资粮功德,布施即清净热心。制己者制伏根识,行布施者施舍所应奉养法,持戒者约束身行。以信为缘说诸多布施等乃大难行者,是谓『当行大难义』之语;即使心有信故亦行之。一切人有秤砣等度量法,在村秤砣等业道,或作此业,或以因缘说,应行此事。有者又言因缘已失清净灭尽,恶果苦报已现,故此不可为,然仍为者犯重戒。由此成就论义,谓你依本性既作恶亦作善。
Sadisīsūti jātigottasīlādīhi sadisīsu. Pekkhavāti pekkhā vuccati taṇhā, sataṇhoti attho. Chandanti chandarāgaṃ. Karoti saddhanti kumbhadāsiyāpi vacane saddhaṃ karoti, tassā ‘‘ahaṃ tumhākaṃ idaṃ nāma upakāraṃ karissāmī’’ti vadantiyā pattiyāyitvā kulitthiyopi chaḍḍetvā tameva paṭisevati, asukā nāma tumhesu paṭibaddhacittāti kumbhadāsiyāpi vacane saddhaṃ katvāva paradāraṃ sevati. Tvameva saddhe paradārasevinīti yasmā taṃ taṃ pattiyāyitvā tava vasena paradāraṃ sevanti pāpaṃ karonti kusalaṃ jahanti, tasmā tvameva paradārasevinī tvaṃ pāpāni karosi, kusalampi riñcasi, natthi tayā samā lokavināsikā pāpadhammā, gaccha na me ruccasīti.
『同类』者谓与世系行相同者。『见』谓指渴欲,『百渴』即众欲。谓作信即如壶奴等承诺言,今言『我将为汝作此助益』,违背此约独自反对,名为厌恶,即使壶奴亦信奉外人,因受其诺而行,因而作恶舍善。故谓『你唯信奉外人使女,你作恶舍善,我不悦汝所行;绝无比此更恶害破坏世间之恶业,去罢,我不欢喜』。」
Sā tattheva antaradhāyi. Kosiyopi uttarato ṭhitāya hiriyā saddhiṃ sallapanto gāthādvayamāha –
此时即隐没消失。居于北方的迦尸族王与之相聚,发出两句偈说——
§254
254.
‘‘Jighaññarattiṃ aruṇasmimūhate, yā dissati uttamarūpavaṇṇinī;
“心增渴慕于黎明的晨曦之时,映现出那极其鲜明清净而容貌美丽者;
Tathūpamā maṃ paṭibhāsi devate, ācikkha me tvaṃ katamāsi accharā.
神明如此比拟我言:‘告诉我,你的来意为何?’
§255
255.
‘‘Kāḷā nidāgheriva aggijāriva, anileritā lohitapattamālinī;
‘你像黑夜燃烧的火把,仿佛浓浓夜幕犹如火焰,覆以红色的花环;
Kā tiṭṭhasi mandamigāvalokayaṃ, bhāsesamānāva giraṃ na muñcasī’’ti.
为何你驻立缓慢,如同迟钝的野兽在观察,不停地与我交语却不离开?’
Tattha jighaññarattinti pacchimarattiṃ, rattipariyosāneti attho. Ūhateti aruṇe uggate. Yāti yā puratthimā disā rattasuvaṇṇatāya uppamarūpadharā hutvā dissati. Kāḷā nidāgherivāti nidāghasamaye kāḷavalli viya. Aggijārivāti aggijālā iva, sāpi nijjhāmakhettesu taruṇauṭṭhitakāḷavalli viyāti attho. Lohitapattamālinīti lohitavaṇṇehi pattehi parivutā. Kā tiṭṭhasīti yathā sā taruṇakāḷavalli vāteritā vilāsamānā sobhamānā tiṭṭhati, evaṃ kā nāma tvaṃ tiṭṭhasi. Bhāsesamānāvāti mayā saddhiṃ bhāsitukāmā viya hosi, na ca giraṃ muñcasi.
此处“心增渴慕”谓为夜的后时分,谓夜尽之意。“晨曦”即红光初升之时也。意谓向东方初现金色光芒承接鲜明色彩之时。说“像黑夜燃烧的火把”,比喻于黑夜如烈火般烧燃。“似浓浓夜幕”为夜色浓重时。“火焰”指红色火舌,“火把”亦含燃烧之义。“红色花环”比喻火焰环绕。“你驻立缓慢”谓你如新生火把枝条,在风中摇摆缓慢,“如迟钝野兽观察”说明动作迟钝谨慎。“不停地与我交语而不离开”者,显现你愿与我对话而不舍离开。
Tato sā gāthamāha –
于是她说偈言-
§256
256.
‘‘Hirāha devī manujehi pūjitā, apāpasattūpanisevinī sadā;
「羞怯女神受人敬重,常远离恶,不与恶人交往;
Sudhāvivādena tavantimāgatā, sāhaṃ na sakkomi sudhampi yācituṃ;
以纯净言辞来求取,我却不能请得那纯净食;
Kopīnarūpā viya yācanitthiyā’’ti.
如同愤怒女般的乞妇。」
Tattha hirāhanti hirī ahaṃ. Sudhampīti sā ahaṃ sudhābhojanaṃ taṃ yācitumpi na sakkomi. Kiṃkāraṇā? Kopīnarūpā viya yācanitthiyā, yasmā itthiyā yācanā nāma kopīnarūpā viya rahassaṅgavivaraṇasadisā hoti, nillajjā viya hotīti attho.
其中“羞怯”者,谓害羞;“纯净食”者,此我是说不能乞求纯净的饮食。其原因何在?所谓“如愤怒女般的乞妇”,因为妇女的乞求,往往如愤怒女般,有隐秘隐瞒的意趣,如无羞耻之相,是此意也。
Taṃ sutvā tāpaso dve gāthā abhāsi –
闻此,苦行者称诵两偈歌说道:
§257
257.
二百五十七。
‘‘Dhammena ñāyena sugatte lacchasi, eso hi dhammo na hi yācanā sudhā.
「依教法智慧,得善至彼岸,斯法非乞求之甘露;
Taṃ taṃ ayācantimahaṃ nimantaye, sudhāya yañcicchasi tampi dammi te.
此彼乞请我者,我供所乞者,愿以甘露示现于汝。」
§258
258.
二百五十八。
‘‘Sā tvaṃ mayā ajja sakamhi assame, nimantitā kañcanavelliviggahe;
「尔今日与我同坐,俱集于此,受金银堆积之请。」
Tuvañhi me sabbarasehi pūjiyā, taṃ pūjayitvāna sudhampi asniye’’ti.
『你对我以诸般饮食供养,供养之后亦饮甘露。』
Tattha dhammenāti sabhāvena. Ñāyenāti kāraṇena. Na hi yācanā sudhāti na hi yācanāya sudhā labbhati, teneva kāraṇena itarā tisso nalabhiṃsu. Taṃ tanti tasmā taṃ. Yañcicchasīti na kevalaṃ nimantemiyeva, yañca sudhaṃ icchasi, tampi dammi te. Kañcanavelliviggaheti kañcanarāsisassirikasarīre. Pūjiyāti na kevalaṃ sudhāya, aññehipi sabbarasehi tvaṃ mayā pūjetabbayuttakāva. Asniyeti taṃ pūjetvā sace sudhāya avasesaṃ bhavissati, ahampi bhuñjissāmi.
此中『以法』者,指社众;『以智』者,指因缘。欲求甘露非乞求,且乞求未必得甘露,因此他人三位未得甘露。经此缘故,称之为如此。『唯所欲者』非但仅为邀请者,亦含所欲甘露,由尔而予。所谓『金银堆积』,喻如积聚金银宝物之体。『被供养』不仅为甘露,汝亦应以诸般美味供养我。『饮』者,则谓供养后若尚余甘露,我亦同享之。
Tato aparā abhisambuddhagāthā –
继而别一部佛讽诗曰——
§259
259.
‘‘Sā kosiyenānumatā jutīmatā, addhā hiri rammaṃ pāvisi yassamaṃ;
『此乃经由迦尸国人所允,具德者以信心进入其境;』『常以水果等供养,远离恶行。』
Udakavantaṃ phalamariyapūjitaṃ, apāpasattūpanisevitaṃ sadā.
『此人常以水、果等供养,通过不善之徒,为义常行之道。』
§260
260.
二百六十。
‘‘Rukkhaggahānā bahukettha pupphitā, ambā piyālā panasā ca kiṃsukā;
『诸树叶多,花繁茂,芒果、瓢果树及其它灌木繁盛;
Sobhañjanā loddamathopi paddhakā, kekā ca bhaṅgā tilakā supupphitā.
叶被水润流光洁,鸟类栖落,雀鸟与羽饰华丽的鸟儿众多繁盛。』
§261
261.
二百六十一。
‘‘Sālā karerī bahukettha jambuyo, assatthanigrodhamadhukavetasā;
『侧柏、卡蕾树众多,和艳丽的番石榴,甘蔗及蜜蜂酿蜜的野榴树;
Uddālakā pāṭali sinduvārakā, manuññagandhā mucalindaketakā.
有芳香的人参花、乳香树和琪特果树繁盛。』
§262
262.
‘‘Hareṇukā veḷukā keṇu tindukā, sāmākanīvāramathopi cīnakā;
『犊牛、小牛、小牛羔,乃至以剑伤害者,同为阻止之具;』
Mocā kadalī bahukettha sāliyo, pavīhayo ābhūjino ca taṇḍulā.
『松开手、蕉叶,此处多麦饭、松枝以及竹叶。』
§263
263.
‘‘Tassevuttarapassena, jātā pokkharaṇī sivā;
『之后观察,出生的莲花洁白;』
Akakkasā apabbhārā, sādhu appaṭigandhikā.
『无杂质、无沉重、不臭者,纯净良好。』
§264
264.
‘‘Tattha macchā sanniratā, khemino bahubhojanā;
『在那里,鱼类聚集嗜好安乐,饮食丰盛;』
Siṅgū savaṅkā saṃkulā, satavaṅkā ca rohitā;
『鳄鱼杂乱混杂,鸭类红色,』
Āḷigaggarakākiṇṇā, pāṭhīnā kākamacchakā.
『灰鸽子叫唤,鹭鸶与鹭科鸟类齐集。』
§265
265.
‘‘Tattha pakkhī sanniratā, khemino bahubhojanā;
『在那里,鸟类聚集嗜好安乐,饮食丰盛;』
Haṃsā koñcā mayūrā ca, cakkavākā ca kukkuhā;
天鹅、鹈鹕、孔雀,以及莺鹃,
Kuṇālakā bahū citrā, sikhaṇḍī jīvajīvakā.
还有许多色彩斑斓的鹌鹑和两个种类的啄木鸟。
§266
266.
二百六十六。
‘‘Tattha pānāya māyanti, nānā migagaṇā bahū;
在那里,许多各种野兽群聚饮水,
Sīhā byagghā varāhā ca, acchakokataracchayo.
有狮子、虎、野猪等众多杂类。
§267
267.
二百六十七。
‘‘Palāsādā gavajā ca, mahiṃsā rohitā rurū;
「有火焰树和野牛,猛牛、赤色野牛;
Eṇeyyā ca varāhā ca, gaṇino nīkasūkarā;
还有豬和野猪,群居的野猪;
Kadalimigā bahukettha, biḷārā sasakaṇṇikā.
还有水鹿在多处,猞猁和刺猬。」
§268
268.
二百六十八。
‘‘Chamāgirī pupphavicitrasanthatā, dijābhighuṭṭhā dijasaṅghasevitā’’ti.
「色彩斑斓、花朵簇生的山峦,闪耀着光明,受有光明众所崇敬。」
Tattha jutīmatāti ānubhāvasampannena. Pāvisi yassamanti pāvisi assamaṃ, ya-kāro byañjanasandhikaro. Udakavantanti tesu tesu ṭhānesu udakasampannaṃ. Phalanti anekaphalasampannaṃ. Ariyapūjitanti nīvaraṇadosarahitehi jhānalābhīhi ariyehi pūjitaṃ pasatthaṃ. Rukkhaggahānāti pupphūpagaphalūpagarukkhagahanā. Sobhañjanāti siggurukkhā. Loddamathopi paddhakāti loddarukkhā ca padumarukkhā ca. Kekā ca bhaṅgāti evaṃnāmakā rukkhā eva. Karerīti karerirukkhā. Uddālakāti vātaghātakā. Mucalindaketakāti mucalindā ca pañcavidhaketakā ca. Hareṇukāti aparaṇṇajāti. Veḷukāti vaṃsabhedakā. Keṇūti araññamāsā. Tindukāti timbarurukkhā. Cīnakāti khuddakarājamāsā. Mocāti aṭṭhikakadaliyo. Sāliyoti nānappakārā jātassaraṃ upanissāya jātā sāliyo. Pavīhayoti nānappakārā vīhayo. Ābhūjinoti bhujapattā. Taṇḍulāti nikkuṇḍakathusāni sayaṃjātataṇḍulasīsāni.
其中,『具光辉者』者,具威神力者也。『进入了马厩』者,进入了马厩,『ya』字为辅音连声之助。『富有水源』者,在各处水源充沛也。『果实』者,具备多种果实也。『为圣者所敬礼』者,为离弃盖障之过失、获得禅那之圣者所恭敬、所赞叹也。『树丛』者,长有花树与果树之丛林也。『辣木树』者,即辣木类树木也。『罗陀树与莲花树』者,罗陀树与莲花树也。『鸡咖树与班嘎树』者,即以此等名称所知之树木也。『卡雷里树』者,即卡雷里类树木也。『乌达拉咖树』者,即祛风树也。『穆卡林达树与刺露兜树』者,穆卡林达树与五种刺露兜树也。『哈雷努咖』者,豆类植物之一种也。『竹类』者,竹子之各种也。『野生豆』者,野生豆类也。『梣叶榕树』者,乌木类树木也。『细豆』者,小型王豆也。『芭蕉树』者,具硬核之芭蕉也。『稻米』者,依各种类天然湖泊而生之各类稻米也。『稗米』者,各种类之稗子也。『宽叶草』者,具宽阔叶片之草类也。『自然生长之米穗』者,自然生出、脱壳后之米穗也。
Tassevāti, bhikkhave, tasseva assamassa uttaradisābhāge. Pokkharaṇīti pañcavidhapadumasañchannā jātassarapokkharaṇī. Akakkasāti macchasippikasevālādikakkasarahitā. Apabbhārāti acchinnataṭā samatitthā. Appaṭigandhikāti apaṭikkūlagandhena udakena samannāgatā. Tatthāti tassā pokkharaṇiyā. Kheminoti abhayā. ‘‘Siṅgū’’tiādīni tesaṃ macchānaṃ nāmāni. Kuṇālakāti kokilā. Citrāti citrapattā. Sikhaṇḍīti uṭṭhitasikhā morā, aññepi vā matthake jātasikhā pakkhino. Pānāya māyantīti pānāya āyanti. Palāsādāti khaggā. Gavajāti gavayā. Gaṇinoti gokaṇṇā. Kaṇṇikāti kaṇṇikamigā. Chamāgirīti bhūmisamapatthaṭā piṭṭhipāsāṇā. Pupphavicitrasanthatāti vicitrapupphasanthatā. Dijābhighuṭṭhāti madhurassarehi dijehi abhighuṭṭhā. Evarūpā tattha bhūmipabbatāti evaṃ bhagavā kosiyassa assamaṃ vaṇṇeti.
是故,比库们,如是说:那正是指那处马萨玛城(Assama)北方的地方。所谓池塘者,是指五种莲花叶环绕、洒落着莲花卵状种子的池塘。所谓无鳞者,是指如鱼鳞片脱落般无有鳞甲。所谓未断平坦者,是指其池岸平坦完整、未被切割。所谓无异味者,是指被无臭无味、清净的水所充满。其所说者,即是该池塘。所谓温顺者,指无害无惧。诸如“辛古”、“。。”等,皆为该处鱼类的名称。所谓“坤纳罗”,指的是布谷鸟;“刺多”,指斑鸠;“锡坎底”,指伸展的鸡冠或额顶,有时也指头部所生的羽冠;“帕纳雅摩延缇”,指侧面展开的翅膀;“帕拉萨”,指角类动物;“迦瓦”,指牛类;“迦尼诺”,指牛角;“迦尼卡”,指角鹿;“查摩吉里”,指大地上的石质;“蒲卜瓦彻特拉桑塔”,指各色花团;“提迦吠具突陀”,指蜜蜂以甜味围绕花朵。这类事物即在此地。世尊如是称赞马萨玛的这片土地和山岳。
Idāni hirideviyā tattha pavisanādīni dassetuṃ āha –
此时,希里提维女神为了显示那里之景,讲说道——
§269
269.
‘‘Sā suttacā nīladumābhilambitā, vijjū mahāmegharivānupajjatha;
她身着蓝色地衣,披挂如乌云般的华盖;
Tassā susambandhasiraṃ kusāmayaṃ, suciṃ sugandhaṃ ajinūpasevitaṃ;
光泽熠熠,华饰整齐清净,芬芳浓郁,未被杂染污染;
Atricca kocchaṃ hirimetadabravi, nisīda kalyāṇi sukhayidamāsanaṃ.
她轻声细语说道:请坐吧,善护法者,此为一处令人安乐的宝座。
§270
270.
‘‘Tassā tadā kocchagatāya kosiyo, yadicchamānāya jaṭājinandharo;
彼时,那位身披长发的寂静者,曾在某个寂静的森林中,意欲停驻那里,
Navehi pattehi sayaṃ sahūdakaṃ, sudhābhihāsī turito mahāmuni.
与众聚独处同居,口称甘露般清凉,迅疾如大圣般迅捷。
§271
271.
‘‘Sā taṃ paṭiggayha ubhohi pāṇibhi, iccabravi attamanā jaṭādharaṃ;
那女人以双手握住他,他心怀喜悦对身披长发者说道:
Handāhaṃ etarahi pūjitā tayā, gaccheyyaṃ brahme tidivaṃ jitāvinī.
“今日我受您尊敬,愿同行至三界无敌的梵天之境。”
§272
272.
二百七十二。
‘‘Sā kosiyenānumatā jutīmatā, udīritā vaṇṇamadena mattā;
「此者为迦尸拥护所许可,并由智慧启示,以美妙赞词为其誉,
Sakāse gantvāna sahassacakkhuno, ayaṃ sudhā vāsava dehi me jayaṃ.
亲自到场亲眼所见,愿天界之王瓦萨伐赐我胜利。」
§273
273.
二百七十三。
‘‘Tamena sakkopi tadā apūjayi, sahindadevā surakaññamuttamaṃ;
「当时连萨咖天帝亦对她不敬,违犯天界诸天中最上者,
Sā pañjalī devamanussapūjitā, navamhi kocchamhi yadā upāvisī’’ti.
而该女乃受天人与人间供奉的女子,某次在新建的床榻上坐下。」
Tattha suttacāti succhavī. Nīladumābhilambitāti nīlesu dumesu abhilambitā hutvā, taṃ taṃ nīladumasākhaṃ parāmasantīti attho. Mahāmegharivāti tena nimantitā mahāmeghavijju viya tassa taṃ assamaṃ pāvisi. Tassāti tassā hiriyā. Susambandhasiranti suṭṭhu sambandhasīsaṃ. Kusāmayanti usīrādimissakakusatiṇamayaṃ. Sugandhanti usīrena ceva aññena sugandhatiṇena ca missakattā sugandhaṃ. Ajinūpasevitanti upariatthatena ajinacammena upasevitaṃ. Atricca kocchanti evarūpaṃ kocchāsanaṃ paṇṇasāladvāre attharitvā. Sukhayidamāsananti sukhaṃ nisīda idamāsanaṃ.
其中,『皮肤细嫩者』者,皮肤光滑细腻也。『悬挂于青树之上』者,悬附于各株青树之上,意谓以手攀触各株青树之枝条也。『犹如大云』者,受其邀请后,如大云中之闪电般进入了彼马厩也。『彼』者,彼惭愧之意也。『结扎得宜之头部』者,头部系结严整也。『以吉祥草编成』者,以混合香根草等物之吉祥草编织而成也。『芬芳』者,因混入香根草及其他香草,故具芬芳之气也。『以鹿皮覆盖』者,上面铺有鹿皮而供人享用也。『将此类坐具铺陈于树叶小屋门口』者,将如此之草编坐具铺展于叶屋门前也。『此乃安乐之座』者,安坐于此座位也。
Yanti yāvadatthaṃ. Icchamānāyāti sudhaṃ icchantiyā. Navehi pattehīti taṅkhaṇaññeva pokkharaṇito ābhatehi allapaduminipattehi. Sayanti sahatthena. Sahūdakanti dakkhiṇodakasahitaṃ. Sudhābhihāsīti sudhaṃ abhihari. Turitoti somanassavegena turito. Handāti vavassaggatthe nipāto. Jitāvinīti vijayappattā hutvā.
『随意』者,尽其所欲也。『随心所欲者』者,纯粹出于意愿也。『以新鲜叶片』者,以刚从莲池采摘之新鲜莲叶也。『亲手』者,以自己双手也。『连同净水』者,附带供奉之净水也。『充分奉献』者,充分地奉献也。『欢喜雀跃』者,因喜悦之冲动而急速也。『好吧』者,表示舍离之语气助词也。『已获胜利者』者,已达成胜利也。
Anumatāti idāni yathāruciṃ gacchāti anuññātā. Udīritāti tidasapuraṃ gantvā sakkassa santike ayaṃ sudhāti udīrayi. Surakaññanti devadhītaraṃ. Uttamanti pavaraṃ. Sā pañjalī devamanussapūjitāti pañjalī devehi ca manussehi ca pūjitā. Yadāti yadā nisīdanatthāya sakkena dāpite nave kañcanapīṭhasaṅkhāte kocche sā upāvisi, tadā naṃ tattha nisinnaṃ sakko ca sesadevatā ca pāricchattakapupphādīhi pūjayiṃsu.
“Anumatāti”者,谓随其意愿行走,未获准许。所谓“udīritāti”,意为至迦诃城,至萨迦国,在萨迦天王处称此为乳汁。谓“surakaññanti”,谓天女之意。谓“uttamanti”,即优胜最佳之义。所谓“pañjalī devamanussapūjitāti”,谓以合掌礼敬天人与人。所谓“yadāti”,意为当时论坐之用处,萨迦天王尊以金制宝座设于小亭内,女天坐于其上。当时无论萨迦天王及诸天神、护卫神皆以华香、伞盖等护持恭敬之。
Evaṃ sakko taṃ pūjetvā cintesi – ‘‘kena nu kho kāraṇena kosiyo sesānaṃ adatvā imissāva sudhaṃ adāsī’’ti. So tassa kāraṇassa jānanatthāya puna mātaliṃ pesesi. Tamatthaṃ āvi karonto satthā āha –
如是,萨迦天王礼敬后思维,言道:“何因缘致使国主舍弃诸臣子而施此乌谢乳汁?”为知彼因,遂再遣使者前往国主处。佛陀来至,回应宣说曰——
§274
274.
‘‘Tameva saṃsī punadeva mātaliṃ, sahassanetto tidasānamindo;
“当此时,世尊再遣遣使马他利,统领千人,于迦诃城传达命令;
Gantvāna vākyaṃ mama brūhi kosiyaṃ, āsāya saddhā siriyā ca kosiya;
来到这里,请告诉我,是否有信心、荣耀属于你;
Hirī sudhaṃ kena malattha hetunā’’ti.
羞耻心和纯洁,是什么原因而有污秽呢?」
Tattha saṃsīti abhāsi. Vākyaṃ mamāti mama vākyaṃ kosiyaṃ brūhi. Āsāya saddhā siriyā cāti āsāto ca saddhāto ca sirito ca hirīyeva kena hetunā sudhamalatthāti.
对此,他回答说道:那话就是我的话了,请告诉我。所谓信心、荣辱心就是由欲望、信念和荣誉这些原因,正如羞耻心为何会有纯净与污秽一样。
So tassa vacanaṃ sampaṭicchitvā vejayantarathamāruyha agamāsi. Tamatthaṃ pakāsento satthā āha –
他听闻这话后,坚定了心志,跨上战车而去。对此,世尊阐明其意,宣说道——
§275
275.
(文中数字275表章节或句数)
‘‘Taṃ suplavatthaṃ udatārayī rathaṃ, daddallamānaṃ upakāriyasādisaṃ;
「那驰骋扬尘、啸声震天的战车,如坠崩崖般、心志动摇之物,却拥有恩惠和利益,令人助念;」
Jambonadīsaṃ tapaneyyasannibhaṃ, alaṅkataṃ kañcanacittasannibhaṃ.
如同阳光炙晒中的蔓珠河那样,宛如镶嵌金珠般的心意装饰其上。
§276
276.
‘‘Suvaṇṇacandettha bahū nipātitā, hatthī gavāssā kikibyagghadīpiyo;
黄金月亮在此处多有落下,犹如象、牛及猛虎的珍珠装饰岛屿;
Eṇeyyakā laṅghamayettha pakkhino, migettha veḷuriyamayā yudhā yutā.
野猪群在此飞跃奔走,猛兽群在此以陷阱争斗。
§277
277.
‘‘Tatthassarājaharayo ayojayuṃ, dasasatāni susunāgasādise;
那里诸大王者未曾结盟,曾与百头大蟒比翼而居;
Alaṅkate kañcanajāluracchade, āveḷine saddagame asaṅgite.
未加装饰的,用金色丝织覆盖,未佩戴珠宝,未饰以装饰品。
§278
278.
二百七十八。
‘‘Taṃ yānaseṭṭhaṃ abhiruyha mātali, disā imāyo abhinādayittha;
「他骑乘最尊贵的车驾,驾驭缰绳,向四方各显神威;
Nabhañca selañca vanappatiniñca, sasāgaraṃ pabyathayittha mediniṃ.
震动天空、岩石与森林主,令大海激荡,震慑大地。
§279
279.
二百七十九。
‘‘Sa khippameva upagamma assamaṃ, pāvāramekaṃsakato katañjalī;
他迅速亲近,动作无异,虽然一人而已,却合掌礼敬,恭敬肃然;
Bahussutaṃ vuddhaṃ vinītavantaṃ, iccabravi mātali devabrāhmaṇaṃ.
此中有一婆罗门名为马他梨,闻广达,又善成长礼,受持律仪,备具教法。
§280
280.
二百八十。
‘‘Indassa vākyaṃ nisāmehi kosiya, dūto ahaṃ pucchati taṃ purindado;
『印陀尊者所语,如夜般静默;使者为问此事,即诸贤士中。
Āsāya saddhā siriyā ca kosiya, hirī sudhaṃ kena malattha hetunā’’ti.
怀着希望、信心与荣光,从何因缘生起慚愧与清净?』
Tattha taṃ suplavatthanti taṃ vejayantarathaṃ sukhena plavanatthaṃ. Udatārayīti uttāresi ukkhipitvā gamanasajjamakāsi. Upakāriyasādisanti upakaraṇabhaṇḍehi sadisaṃ, yathā tassa aggisikhāya samānavaṇṇāni upakaraṇāni jalanti, tatheva jalitanti attho. Jambonadīsanti jambunadasaṅkhātaṃ rattasuvaṇṇamayaṃ īsaṃ. Kañcanacittasannibhanti, kañcanamayena sattaratanavicittena aṭṭhamaṅgalena samannāgataṃ. Suvaṇṇacandetthāti suvaṇṇamayā candakā ettha rathe. Hatthīti suvaṇṇarajatamaṇimayā hatthī. Gavādīsupi eseva nayo. Laṅghamayettha pakkhinoti ettha rathe laṅghamayā nānāratanamayā pakkhigaṇāpi paṭipāṭiyā ṭhitā. Yudhā yutāti attano attano yudhena saddhiṃ yuttā hutvā dassitā.
此中所谓“suplavattha”,即欢喜畅意之境,“vejayantara”指舒适自在地渡过其中。谓“udatāraya”为引领其上,助行远行之意。如同众器皿,因火焰之色而相似,彼器皿亦如是而燃烧。所谓“jambonadī”,即名为‘夜明金’的宝石,色泽金黄灿烂。喻如“kañcanacitta”,似黄金心性,乃以七宝装饰,具足第八福德。这里“suvaṇṇacande”意为这辆车拥有金色灯烛。“hatthī”是以黄金、白银宝石制成之象牙。乃此车如同众牛等牲口之群。云“laṅghamayettha pakkhinoti”,在此言此车有羽翼,翅膀五彩宝物成行矗立。又云“yudhā yutāti”,意指其已与自身之对手作战者,同同敌手互相对立,已然显现。
Assarājaharayoti harivaṇṇamanomayaassarājāno. Susunāgasādiseti balasampattiyā taruṇanāgasadise. Kañcanajāluracchadeti kañcanajālamayena uracchadālaṅkārena samannāgate. Āveḷineti āveḷasaṅkhātehi kaṇṇālaṅkārehi yutte. Saddagameti patodappahāraṃ vinā saddamatteneva gamanasīle. Asaṅgīteti nissaṅge sīghajave evarūpe assarāje tattha yojesunti attho.
『马中之王,色如黄金、出于意念』者,颜色金黄、由意念所化现之马王也。『犹如强壮之幼龙』者,在力量成就上,如同年轻龙象一般也。『以黄金网甲装饰胸部』者,配有以黄金网状物制成之胸甲饰品也。『配戴耳饰』者,装配称为阿韦纳之耳部装饰也。『闻声即行』者,无需鞭策,仅凭声音即习惯于行进也。『无拘束者』者,无束缚、速度迅捷也。如此之马王,当时即被套驾于彼处,此为其义也。
Abhinādayitthāti yānasaddena ekaninnādaṃ akāsi. Vanappatiniñcāti vanappatinī ca vanasaṇḍe cāti attho. Pabyathayitthāti kampayittha. Tattha ākāsaṭṭhakavimānakampanena nabhakampanaṃ veditabbaṃ. Pāvāramekaṃsakatoti ekaṃsakatapāvāradibbavattho. Vuddhanti guṇavuddhaṃ. Vinītavantanti vinītena ācāravattena samannāgataṃ. Iccabravīti rathaṃ ākāse ṭhapetvā otaritvā evaṃ abravi. Devabrāhmaṇanti devasamaṃ brāhmaṇaṃ.
『发出回响』者,以车行之声,共鸣为一声也。『树木与树丛』者,即树木与丛林之意也。『使之震动』者,令其颤动也。其中,由于虚空中天宫震动,应知乃虚空之震动也。『将外衣披于一侧』者,将神圣外衣披于单肩也。『德行增长者』者,功德增长者也。『具足教化之礼仪』者,具足经过调御之行为举止也。『如是说道』者,将车停于虚空,下来后如此说道也。『如天之婆罗门』者,等同于天人之婆罗门也。
So tassa vacanaṃ sutvā gāthamāha –
听闻佛语后,彼人以韵文作答曰-
§281
281.
第二百八十一偈。
‘‘Andhā sirī maṃ paṭibhāti mātali, saddhā aniccā pana devasārathi.
「盲者之首领似照我眼,然信心无常,天车夫也。」
Āsā visaṃvādikasammatā hi me, hirī ca ariyamhi guṇe patiṭṭhitā’’ti.
「欲望错乱离和谐,羞耻立于圣贤功德中。」
Tattha andhāti sippādisampannepi asampannepi bhajanato ‘‘andhā’’ti maṃ paṭibhāti. Aniccāti saddhā pana taṃ taṃ vatthuṃ pahāya aññasmiṃ aññasmiṃ uppajjanato hutvā abhāvākārena ‘‘aniccā’’ti maṃ paṭibhāti. Visaṃvādikasammatāti āsā pana yasmā dhanatthikā nāvāya samuddaṃ pakkhanditvā vinaṭṭhapābhatā enti, tasmā ‘‘visaṃvādikā’’ti maṃ paṭibhāti. Ariyamhi guṇeti hirī pana hirottappasabhāvasaṅkhāte parisuddhe ariyaguṇe patiṭṭhitāti.
此中,「盲」谓即使技艺精湛或不精湛从事修行仍盲目之义。 「无常」谓信心于此事物不断失去,变现于此彼起灭故。 「错乱离和谐」因航船通常翻覆无常不稳,故名痴惑不和合。 「圣贤功德」中羞耻,意指心中清净无染之慙愧,立于圣贤自性功德上也。
Idāni tassā guṇaṃ vaṇṇento āha –
现在,述说其功德者说道——
§282
282.
‘‘Kumāriyo yācimā gottarakkhitā, jiṇṇā ca yā yā ca sabhattuitthiyo;
『少女们、乞食者、族群保护者,及所有年老者和家中出家者;
Tā chandarāgaṃ purisesu uggataṃ, hiriyā nivārenti sacittamattano.
他们了断对人的贪爱,克制羞耻心,能自制心念。』
§283
283.
‘‘Saṅgāmasīse sarasattisaṃyute, parājitānaṃ patataṃ palāyinaṃ;
『在战斗之末,集结军队聚合之时,被击败者堕落下去,逃避者逃跑;
Hiriyā nivattanti jahitva jīvitaṃ, te sampaṭicchanti punā hirīmanā.
羞耻心回转,舍弃生命,具有羞耻心者还复回归。
§284
284.
二百八十四。
‘‘Velā yathā sāgaravegavārinī, hirāya hi pāpajanaṃ nivārinī;
如同大海波涛奔涌,羞耻心却能阻止恶人;
Taṃ sabbaloke hirimariyapūjitaṃ, indassa taṃ vedaya devasārathī’’ti.
这羞耻心在世间被尊敬如荣誉,天帝萨咖亦感知于心。」
Tattha jiṇṇāti vidhavā. Sabhattūti sasāmikā taruṇitthiyo. Attanoti tā sabbāpi parapurisesu attano chandarāgaṃ uggataṃ viditvā ‘‘ayuttametaṃ amhāka’’nti hiriyā sacittaṃ nivārenti, pāpakammaṃ na karonti. Patataṃ palāyinanti patantānañca palāyantānañca antare. Jahitva jīvitanti ye hirimanto honti, te attano jīvitaṃ cajitvā hiriyā nivattanti, evaṃ nivattā ca pana te hirīmanā puna attano sāmikaṃ sampaṭicchanti, amittahatthato mocetvā gaṇhanti. Pāpajanaṃ nivārinīti pāpato janaṃ nivārinī, ayameva vā pāṭho . Tanti taṃ hiriṃ. Ariyapūjitanti ariyehi buddhādīhi pūjitaṃ. Indassa taṃ vedayāti yasmā evaṃ mahāguṇā ariyapūjitāvesā, tasmā taṃ evaṃ uttamā nāmesāti indassa kathehīti.
此处「 jiṇṇāti」为「老女」之意。Sabhattū指年长的妇女。Attano为自己的,「attano chandarāgaṃ uggataṃ viditvā」指明了她们对自己和他人欲望之升起有所了解,因而内心告说:「这对我们有害」,心中羞耻感得以抑止,不做恶业。堕落者则逃避逃离,堕落者与逃离者之间存在差异。那些具有真正羞耻心者,舍弃自己的生命而羞耻心回转;而回转的羞耻心者又复期望回归于自己的主人(世间),经过放下仇敌之手方得到解脱而承受。所谓「防止恶人」即指阻止恶行者,此亦为此句之释义。Tanti指此羞耻心。Ariyapūjita为「被圣者如佛等尊敬」,因其具极高功德故名之为「indassa taṃ vedaya devasārathī」,意指天帝萨咖感知于心,因是贤圣功德高尚而称之为天帝。
Taṃ sutvā mātali gāthamāha –
闻此,摩多利作诗曰:
§285
285.
二百八十五。
‘‘Ko te imaṃ kosiya diṭṭhimodahi, brahmā mahindo atha vā pajāpati;
『谁是这位歌诗王的护持者呢?是梵天帝释还是毗提婆帝?
Hirāya devesu hi seṭṭhasammatā, dhītā mahindassa mahesi jāyathā’’ti.
黄金天子们中首领所推崇的,应当是如同天后般的摩诃婆提的女儿,摩诃婆提夫人就是毗提婆的母亲』。
Tattha diṭṭhinti ‘‘hirī nāma mahāguṇā ariyapūjitā’’ti laddhiṃ. Odahīti hadaye pavesesi. Seṭṭhasammatāti tava santike sudhāya laddhakālato paṭṭhāya indassa santike kañcanāsanaṃ labhitvā sabbadevatāhi pūjiyamānā uttamasammatā jāyatha.
此处“护持者”指的是‘害羞’这般被圣人赞扬的伟大神德。所谓害羞,进入心中。所谓“首领推崇”,意谓时至清晨,前往佛陀近前,获得金座,在众神供养下,成为至高无上的护持者。
Evaṃ tasmiṃ kathenteyeva kosiyassa taṅkhaṇaññeva cavanadhammo jāto. Atha naṃ, mātali, ‘‘kosiya āyusaṅkhāro te ossaṭṭho, cavanadhammopi te sampatto, kiṃ te manussalokena, devalokaṃ gacchāmā’’ti tattha netukāmo hutvā gāthamāha –
于是当时讲述此事时,对歌诗王只有护持义务的誓约便随之产生。接着,摩哆利对他说:‘歌诗王寿命短促,但护持之德亦圆满;依人间世你为何不往天界去呢?’对此,他割舍贪恋,作偈答曰──
§286
286.
二百八十六。
‘‘Handehi dāni tidivaṃ apakkama, rathaṃ samāruyha mamāyitaṃ imaṃ;
『现在三天过去了,你驾车来到我这里。』
Indo ca taṃ indasagotta kaṅkhati, ajjeva tvaṃ indasahabyataṃ vajā’’ti.
『印度族人对那印度族群怀有疑虑,今天你立即放弃与印度族群的同伴之情吧。』
Tattha mamāyitanti piyaṃ manāpaṃ. Indasagottāti purimabhave indena samānagotta. Kaṅkhatīti tavāgamanaṃ icchanto kaṅkhati.
此处『我这里』意指亲爱欢喜之地。印度族群意谓前世与印度人同族。『怀疑』指渴望你的归来而心生疑虑。
Iti tasmiṃ kosiyena saddhiṃ kathenteyeva kosiyo cavitvā opapātiko devaputto hutvā āruyha dibbarathe aṭṭhāsi. Atha naṃ, mātali, sakkassa santikaṃ nesi. Sakko taṃ disvāva tuṭṭhamānaso attano dhītaraṃ hirideviṃ tassa aggamahesiṃ katvā adāsi, aparimāṇamassa issariyaṃ ahosi. Tamatthaṃ viditvā ‘‘anomasattānaṃ kammaṃ nāma evaṃ visujjhatī’’ti satthā osānagāthamāha –
于是与此哥释族人共语后,该哥释族人离去,化作天界天子攀登天车而升天。随后,马塔利将他带到萨咖面前。萨咖一见犹如欢喜,任其为女儿喜鹊德备一切,赐予无量天神权能。了解此意,世尊说:「安那摩天命,行善者当然如此清净。」世尊随之吟诵赞歌—
§287
287.
‘‘Evaṃ visujjhanti apāpakammino, atho suciṇṇassa phalaṃ na nassati;
『如是清净无恶之业者,恶行尽除,果报不可毁灭;』
Ye keci maddakkhu sudhāya bhojanaṃ, sabbeva te indasahabyataṃ gatā’’ti.
所有那些饮用甘露般清净饮食的人,悉皆同入欢喜和谐的境界。
Tattha apāpakamminoti apāpakammā sattā evaṃ visujjhanti ye keci maddakkhūti ye keci sattā tasmiṃ himavantapadese tadā kosiyena hiriyā dīyamānaṃ sudhābhojanaṃ addasaṃsu. Sabbeva teti te sabbepi taṃ dānaṃ anumoditvā cittaṃ pasādetvā indasahabyataṃ gatāti.
由此可知,所谓不善行者,即其恶业之有情众生亦得净化,所有饮用甘露者,无论何人,在喜马拉雅之地,当时见到纯洁甘露与饮食。众人皆因此布施欢喜赞叹,内心安稳,于是同入欢喜和谐之境。
Satthā imaṃ dhammadesanaṃ āharitvā ‘‘na, bhikkhave, idāneva, pubbepetaṃ adānābhirataṃ thaddhamacchariyaṃ samānaṃ ahaṃ damesiṃyevā’’ti vatvā jātakaṃ samodhānesi ‘‘tadā hirī devatā uppalavaṇṇā ahosi, kosiyo dānapati bhikkhu, pañcasikho anuruddho, mātali ānando, sūriyo kassapo, cando moggallāno, nārado sāriputto, sakko ahameva ahosi’’nti.
世尊对比库说:“不,比库们,我如今已经教导与你们过去所未有的厌离布施、庄严奇异同等之法。”继而引述本生故事,说明当时贪欲天女现身甘露,赠与布施者们:比库寿命长者乞奴陀,五戒持者阿努鲁达,侍者迦多利,阿难,咖萨巴,摩诃迦叶,沙利普陀,以及我本天帝萨咖皆在场。
Sudhābhojanajātakavaṇṇanā tatiyā. · 甘露食本生注释第三。
[536] 4. Kuṇālajātakavaṇṇanā
第四,钵罗迦那(Kuṇāla)本生故事释义
Evamakkhāyatīti idaṃ satthā kuṇāladahe viharanto anabhiratipīḷite pañcasate bhikkhū ārabbha kathesi. Tatrāyaṃ anupubbikathā – sākiyakoliyā kira kapilavatthunagarassa ca koliyanagarassa ca antare rohiṇiṃ nāma nadiṃ ekenevāvaraṇena bandhāpetvā sassāni kārenti. Atha jeṭṭhamūlamāse sassesu milāyantesu ubhayanagaravāsīnampi kammakārā sannipatiṃsu. Tattha koliyanagaravāsino vadiṃsu – ‘‘idaṃ udakaṃ ubhayato nīhariyamānaṃ neva tumhākaṃ, na amhākaṃ pahossati, amhākaṃ pana sassaṃ ekaudakeneva nipphajjissati, idaṃ udakaṃ amhākaṃ dethā’’ti. Kapilavatthuvāsino vadiṃsu – ‘‘tumhesu koṭṭhe pūretvā ṭhitesu mayaṃ rattasuvaṇṇanīlamaṇikāḷakahāpaṇe gahetvā na sakkhissāma pacchipasibbakādihatthā tumhākaṃ gharadvāre vicarituṃ, amhākampi sassaṃ ekeneva udakena nipphajjissati, idaṃ udakaṃ amhākaṃ dethā’’ti. ‘‘Na mayaṃ dassāmā’’ti? ‘‘Mayampi na dassāmā’’ti. Evaṃ kalahaṃ vaḍḍhetvā eko uṭṭhāya ekassa pahāraṃ adāsi, sopi aññassāti evaṃ aññamaññaṃ paharitvā rājakulānaṃ jātiṃ ghaṭṭetvā kalahaṃ pavattesuṃ.
如此说来:此时世尊正住于钵罗迦那火灾时节,领众五百比库开始说法。此处乃由浅入深地叙述:萨迦与拘黎部位于咖毕拉城与拘黎城之间,隔一名罗诃尼河,筑坝蓄水养花。旱季末月,两城居民因水源矛盾而争执。拘黎居民言:“此水流由两地而来,既非你我单方所有,但水若分散于一地,独彼水必破坏。”咖毕拉人反驳:“你们若充满池塘,我们夜晚遍地有金银宝石,手持利剑、盾牌亦无法入你家门,水仍势必独自破裂毁坏,此水乃属于我们。”双方相互推诿,不愿让步。“咱们不让步!”“我辈亦不让步!”争执激烈激增。一人起身相向,互相殴打,各互打击,扰乱王室血脉,争斗遂起。
Koliyakammakārā vadanti – ‘‘tumhe kapilavatthuvāsike sākiyadārake gahetvā gajjatha , ye soṇasiṅgālādayo viya attano bhaginīhi saddhiṃ vasiṃsu, etesaṃ hatthiassādayo vā phalakāvudhāni vā amhākaṃ kiṃ karissantī’’ti? Sākiyakammakārā vadanti – ‘‘tumhe dāni kuṭṭhino dārake gahetvā gajjatha, ye anāthā niggatikā tiracchānā viya kolarukkhe vasiṃsu, etesaṃ hatthiassādayo vā phalakāvudhāni vā amhākaṃ kiṃ karissantī’’ti? Te gantvā tasmiṃ kamme niyuttaamaccānaṃ kathesuṃ, amaccā rājakulānaṃ kathesuṃ. Tato sākiyā ‘‘bhaginīhi saddhiṃ saṃvāsikānaṃ thāmañca balañca dassessāmā’’ti yuddhasajjā nikkhamiṃsu. Koliyāpi ‘‘kolarukkhavāsīnaṃ thāmañca balañca dassessāmā’’ti yuddhasajjā nikkhamiṃsu. Apare panācariyā ‘‘sākiyakoliyānaṃ dāsīsu udakatthāya nadiṃ gantvā cumbaṭāni bhūmiyaṃ nikkhipitvā sukhakathāya sannisinnāsu ekissā cumbaṭaṃ ekā sakasaññāya gaṇhi, taṃ nissāya ‘mama cumbaṭaṃ, tava cumbaṭa’nti kalahe pavatte kamena ubhayanagaravāsino dāsakammakārā ceva sevakagāmabhojakāmaccauparājāno cāti sabbe yuddhasajjā nikkhamiṃsū’’ti vadanti. Imamhā pana nayā purimanayova bahūsu aṭṭhakathāsu āgato, yuttarūpo cāti sveva gahetabbo.
拘黎众作恶者曰:“你等若娶咖毕拉女子为妻,就如犀牛、狮子般与亲姐妹同住,其象甲、盾牌等兵器又能奈何?”萨迦众答:“你等如今娶痲疯女子为妻,如孤儿般无亲之人,身陷荆棘林,象甲盾牌又能做何?”他们往来相告恶行、亲族丑事。遂萨迦人言:“我等必将显露同住兄弟姐妹的神威和力量。”战备出发。拘黎人亦言:“我们必将示现荆棘林居民之力量和气势。”遂皆准备开战。后来有事者说:“萨迦与拘黎二族之仆役为水饮,常携带木盆坐地,心怀和好互诉,称‘此盆为我,我盆为你’。”冲突因这种缘由,二城居民及仆役,贵族乃至地方官皆备战。此新奇战事事由,在多种注疏中已有,今仅作诸君自采择之参照。
Te pana sāyanhasamaye yuddhasajjā nikkhamissantīti tasmiṃ samaye bhagavā sāvatthiyaṃ viharanto paccūsasamaye lokaṃ volokento ime evaṃ yuddhasajje nikkhante addasa, disvā ca ‘‘mayi gate esa kalaho vūpasamissati nu kho, no’’ti upadhārento ‘‘ahamettha gantvā kalahavūpasamatthaṃ tīṇi jātakāni kathessāmi, tato kalaho vūpasamissati, atha sāmaggidīpanatthāya dve jātakāni kathetvā attadaṇḍasuttaṃ (su. ni. 941 ādayo) desessāmi, desanaṃ sutvā ubhayanagaravāsino aḍḍhateyyāni aḍḍhateyyāni kumārasatāni dassanti, ahaṃ te pabbājessāmi, mahanto samāgamo bhavissatī’’ti sanniṭṭhānaṃ katvā pātova sarīrapaṭijagganaṃ katvā sāvatthiyaṃ piṇḍāya caritvā piṇḍapātapaṭikkanto sāyanhasamaye gandhakuṭito nikkhamitvā kassaci anārocetvā sayameva pattacīvaramādāya dvinnaṃ senānaṃ antare ākāse pallaṅkaṃ ābhujitvā tesaṃ saṃvegajananatthaṃ divā andhakāraṃ kātuṃ kesaraṃsiyo vissajjento nisīdi. Atha nesaṃ saṃviggamānasānaṃ attānaṃ dassento chabbaṇṇā buddharaṃsiyo vissajjesi. Kapilavatthuvāsinopi bhagavantaṃ disvā ‘‘amhākaṃ ñātiseṭṭho satthā āgato, diṭṭho nu kho tena amhākaṃ kalahakaraṇabhāvo’’ti cintetvā ‘‘na kho pana sakkā satthari āgate amhehi parassa sarīre satthaṃ pātetuṃ, koliyanagaravāsino amhe hanantu vā bajjhantu vā’’ti āvudhāni chaḍḍesuṃ. Koliyanagaravāsinopi tatheva akaṃsu.
彼时暮际,军备齐整欲出征战,世尊当时正住于沙瓦提城西郊,俯察世间,看见这些战备整齐的军队出发,见而忆言:“倘若我前去,纷争必当息止,是否如是?”于是发心言:“我将前往,宣说利于息止纷争的三则本生故事,继而为激励和睦,将说二则故事,并宣说自罚之经(出自《相应部》941经)。讲毕之后,两城居民将见到许多少男孩,我将让其出家,届时必有盛大集会。”遂了此情,亲自披袈裟,夜间行乞完毕,黎明时分从香炉山出城,秘不发声,携袈裟,仅带着一件袈裟,穿越两军之间,在空中搭铺褥坐下,为激发军心,白昼驱散黑暗,放下黄色缨络,坐定。见其庄严自持,二军将士亦纷纷放下武器。住于咖毕拉城者见尊如此发心,思惟曰:“我等亲族中至尊的老师来临,难道他已见我们有增生纷争之因乎?”心生疑虑,遂弃武器。住于俱梨郡城者亦同样弃武器。
Atha bhagavā otaritvā ramaṇīye padese vālukapuline paññattavarabuddhāsane nisīdi anopamāya buddhasiriyā virocamāno. Tepi rājāno bhagavantaṃ vanditvā nisīdiṃsu. Atha ne satthā jānantova ‘‘kasmā āgatattha, mahārājā’’ti pucchi. ‘‘Neva, bhante, nadidassanatthāya, na kīḷanatthāya, apica kho pana imasmiṃ ṭhāne saṅgāmaṃ paccupaṭṭhāpetvā āgatamhā’’ti. ‘‘Kiṃ nissāya vo kalaho, mahārājā’’ti? ‘‘Udakaṃ nissāya bhante’’ti. ‘‘Udakaṃ kiṃ agghati mahārājā’’ti? ‘‘Appagghaṃ, bhante’’ti. ‘‘Pathavī nāma kiṃ agghati, mahārājā’’ti? ‘‘Anagghā, bhante’’ti. ‘‘Khattiyā kiṃ agghanti, mahārājā’’ti? ‘‘Khattiyā nāma anagghā, bhante’’ti. ‘‘Appagghaṃ udakaṃ nissāya kasmā anagghe khattiye nāsetha, mahārāja, kalahasmiñhi assādo nāma natthi, kalahavasena hi mahārājā ekāya rukkhadevatāya kāḷasīhena saddhiṃ baddhāghāto sakalampi imaṃ kappaṃ anuppattoyevā’’ti vatvā phandanajātakaṃ (jā. 1.13.14 ādayo) kathesi. Tato ‘‘parapattiyena nāma mahārājā na bhavitabbaṃ, parapattiyā hi hutvā ekassa sasassa kathāya tiyojanasahassavitthate himavante catuppadagaṇā mahāsamuddaṃ pakkhandino ahesuṃ, tasmā parapattiyena na bhavitabba’’nti vatvā daddarajātakaṃ (jā. 1.243-44; 1.4.13-16; 1.9.105 ādayo) kathesi. Tato ‘‘kadāci mahārājā dubbalopi mahabbalassa randhaṃ passati, kadāci mahabbalopi dubbalassa randhaṃ passati, laṭukikāpi hi sakuṇikā hatthināgaṃ ghātesī’’ti vatvā laṭukikajātakaṃ (jā. 1.5.39 ādayo) kathesi. Evaṃ kalahavūpasamanatthāya tīṇi jātakāni kathetvā sāmaggiparidīpanatthāya dve jātakāni kathesi. ‘‘Samaggānañhi mahārājā koci otāraṃ nāma passituṃ na sakkotī’’ti vatvā rukkhadhammajātakaṃ (jā. 1.1.74) kathesi. Tato ‘‘samaggānaṃ mahārājā koci vivaraṃ passituṃ nāsakkhi, yadā pana aññamaññaṃ vivādamakaṃsu, atha ne eko nesādaputto jīvitakkhayaṃ pāpetvā ādāya gato, vivāde assādo nāma natthī’’ti vatvā vaṭṭakajātakaṃ (jā. 1.1.35, 118; 1.6.128-133) kathesi. Evaṃ imāni pañca jātakāni kathetvā avasāne attadaṇḍasuttaṃ (su. ni. 941 ādayo) kathesi.
随后世尊下坐于美丽之地——沙洲之丘上的精舍,光明普照如佛法无双。两位国王礼敬世尊而坐。世尊仿佛预知询问由来,问曰:“尊者,汝来此为何?”答曰:“尊者,非为赛恩观赏,亦非为娱乐,而是因此地聚兵备战。”世尊问:“诸位兴起纷争,缘何所因?”答曰:“因水而起。”世尊问:“水果若何?”答曰:“水清洁。”世尊问:“大地如何?”答曰:“大地不染污。”世尊问:“贵族贵胄果如何?”答曰:“贵胄不堕落。”世尊言:“水清洁,大地不染,贵族不堕,如何会在争斗中有烦恼不安?因为一切世代,自复活佛时代以来,有一树神与凶猛狮子同缚,互不相离,亦无恶感加诸彼此。”遂说《相盗本生》(所谓折枝故事)。接着,言曰:“战争因勾结外寇而不可生起。外寇之势雄厚,迦楼罗四翼护卫喜马拉雅山诸地连结大海,因而免于外寇。”遂说《怒生本生》《飞鸟生本生》等本生故事。又言:“曾有弱者见强者的弱点,强者亦见弱者弱点,连小鸟也能杀大象。”说此《羽毛生本生》。如是,为演说息乱之意,叙说三则本生,再讲二则以励合和。又说曰:“尊王,合和之中无人能见何处有裂隙。”说《树德本生》。又言:“合和之中无人能见争端,以致有争执时,一方战败而离去,争斗便止。”说此《囚车本生》。如是讲述五则本生,并在末尾宣说《自罚之经》。
Atha rājāno pasannā ‘‘sace satthā nāgamissa, mayaṃ aññamaññaṃ vadhitvā lohitanadiṃ pavattayissāma, satthāraṃ nissāya no jīvitaṃ laddhaṃ. Sace pana satthā agāraṃ ajjhāvasissa, dvisahassadīpaparivāraṃ catumahādīparajjaṃ hatthagataṃ abhavissa, atirekasahassaṃ kho panassa puttā abhavissaṃsu, tato khattiyaparivārova avicarissa, taṃ kho panesa sampattiṃ pahāya nikkhamitvā sambodhiṃ patto, idānipi khattiyaparivārova vicaratū’’ti ubhayanagaravāsino aḍḍhateyyāni aḍḍhateyyāni kumārasatāni adaṃsu. Bhagavā te pabbājetvā mahāvanaṃ agamāsi. Punadivasato paṭṭhāya tehi parivuto ekadā kapilavatthunagare ekadā koliyanagareti dvīsu nagaresu piṇḍāya carati. Ubhayanagaravāsino mahāsakkāraṃ kariṃsu. Tesaṃ garugāravena na attano ruciyā pabbajitānaṃ anabhirati uppajji. Purāṇadutiyikāyopi nesaṃ anabhiratijananatthāya taṃ taṃ vatvā sāsanaṃ pesesuṃ. Te atirekataraṃ ukkaṇṭhiṃsu. Bhagavā āvajjento tesaṃ anabhiratabhāvaṃ ñatvā ‘‘ime bhikkhū mādisena buddhena saddhiṃ ekato vasantā ukkaṇṭhanti, kathaṃ rūpā nu kho tesaṃ dhammakathā sappāyā’’ti upadhārento kuṇāladhammadesanaṃ passi. Athassa etadahosi – ‘‘ahaṃ ime bhikkhū himavantaṃ netvā kuṇālakathāya nesaṃ mātugāmadosaṃ pakāsetvā anabhiratiṃ haritvā sotāpattimaggaṃ dassāmī’’ti.
国王们欢心喜悦,言曰:“若尊师来临,我们自相残杀,将令红河成血流之河。若尊师仍不至,则有两千灯火交辉,四大道路皆有象蹄之声,且有万儿子,届时必有战事围绕。但尊师得于菩提成就时,必有战事止息,如今武士暂可来往巡游。”两城居民见数十众少男孩,彼此指点,发笑言。世尊让诸少男出家,入大林中游去。隔日,又随众乞食,常在咖毕拉城和俱梨城之间行乞。两城居民深敬世尊,因其慈悲,自己不悦见入家出家者。古代第二次诽谤时,他们各以因缘纷纷诬谤佛法。遂令诸比库生极大愤怒。佛知其情,语其曰:“此比库群,常与佛同处,和合而住,如今生厌恶,我当宣说库那陀故事,以除其母族恶意,使其回归初果圣道。”
So pubbaṇhasamayaṃ nivāsetvā pattacīvaramādāya kapilavatthuṃ piṇḍāya caritvā pacchābhattaṃ piṇḍapātapaṭikkanto bhattakiccavelāyameva te pañcasate bhikkhū āmantetvā ‘‘diṭṭhapubbo vo, bhikkhave, ramaṇīyo himavantapadeso’’ti pucchi. ‘‘Nohetaṃ, bhante’’ti. ‘‘Gacchissatha pana himavantacārika’’nti? ‘‘Bhante, aniddhimanto mayaṃ kathaṃ gamissāmā’’ti. ‘‘Sace pana vo koci gahetvā gaccheyya, gaccheyyāthā’’ti? ‘‘Āma, bhante’’ti. Satthā sabbepi te attano iddhiyā gahetvā ākāse uppatitvā himavantaṃ gantvā gaganatale ṭhitova ramaṇīye himavantapadese kañcanapabbataṃ rajatapabbataṃ maṇipabbataṃ hiṅgulikapabbataṃ añjanapabbataṃ sānupabbataṃ phalikapabbatanti nānāvidhe pabbate, pañca mahānadiyo, kaṇṇamuṇḍakaṃ rathakāraṃ sīhapapātaṃ chaddantaṃ tiyaggaḷaṃ anotattaṃ kuṇāladahanti satta dahe dassesi. Himavanto ca nāma mahā pañcayojanasatubbedho tiyojanasahassavitthato, tassa imaṃ ramaṇīyaṃ ekadesaṃ attano ānubhāvena dassesi. Tattha katanivāsāni sīhabyagghahatthikulādīni catuppadānipi ekadesato dassesi. Tattha ārāmarāmaṇeyyakādīni pupphūpagaphalūpage rukkhe nānāvidhe sakuṇasaṅghe jalajathalajapupphāni himavantassa puratthimapasse suvaṇṇatalaṃ, pucchimapasse hiṅgulatalaṃ dassesi. Imesaṃ rāmaṇeyyakānaṃ diṭṭhakālato paṭṭhāya tesaṃ bhikkhūnaṃ purāṇadutiyikāsu chandarāgo pahīno.
晨时住处,披袈裟乞食,于咖毕拉城行乞后,饭毕回行,五百比库受召,佛言:“汝等曾见彼优美之喜马拉雅山界否?”答曰:“未见,尊者。”佛问:“是否愿往喜马拉雅山游览?”答曰:“尊者,我们未究竟有何方前往该往何处?”佛言:“若有人带领,你们可去否?”答曰:“可去,尊者。”世尊以神通,飞于空中,至喜马拉雅山,俯瞰金山、银山、宝石山、荫山等各名山脉,见五大河流,观耳面轮车、狮爪相等奇观,山谷中住众鸟群,有湖泊沼泽及繁花似锦之象牙色的黄金台地、西边有荫蔽台地。以亲觉所见,示现这片妙地。此景见后,诸比库止息心中先前之恶心。
Atha satthā te bhikkhū gahetvā ākāsato otaritvā himavantapacchimapasse saṭṭhiyojanike manosilātale sattayojanikassa kappaṭṭhikasālarukkhassa heṭṭhā tiyojanikāya manosilātalāya tehi bhikkhūhi parivuto chabbaṇṇarasmiyo vissajjento aṇṇavakucchiṃ khobhetvā jalamāno sūriyo viya nisīditvā madhurassaraṃ nicchārento te bhikkhū āmantesi – ‘‘bhikkhave, imasmiṃ himavante tumhehi adiṭṭhapubbaṃ pucchathā’’ti. Tasmiṃ khaṇe dve citrakokilā ubhosu koṭīsu daṇḍakaṃ mukhena ḍaṃsitvā majjhe attano sāmikaṃ nisīdāpetvā aṭṭha citrakokilā purato, aṭṭha pacchato, aṭṭha vāmato, aṭṭha dakkhiṇato, aṭṭha heṭṭhā, aṭṭha upari chāyaṃ katvā evaṃ citrakokilaṃ parivāretvā ākāsenāgacchanti. Atha te bhikkhū taṃ sakuṇasaṅghaṃ disvā satthāraṃ pucchiṃsu – ‘‘ke nāmete, bhante sakuṇā’’ti? ‘‘Bhikkhave, esa mama porāṇako vaṃso, mayā ṭhapitā paveṇī, maṃ tāva pubbe evaṃ paricariṃsu, tadā panesa sakuṇagaṇo mahā ahosi, aḍḍhuḍḍhāni dijakaññāsahassāni maṃ paricariṃsu. Anupubbena parihāyitvā idāni ettako jāto’’ti. ‘‘Kathaṃ evarūpe pana, bhante, vanasaṇḍe etā dijakaññāyo tumhe paricariṃsū’’ti? Atha nesaṃ satthā ‘‘tena hi, bhikkhave, suṇāthā’’ti satiṃ upaṭṭhāpetvā atītaṃ āharitvā dassento āha –
随即,世尊率诸比库,从天而降至喜马拉雅山后方,临近玉石地面,环绕打开七彩光辉,坐于供养缸边,犹如日光般洒甘露。佛语诸比库:“比库啊,于此喜马拉雅山,回答我所问。”遂有二羽彩绘布谷鸟,自八方成群,以丹陀喙啄击,聚拢于佛前及左右各八只,余亦八只,八处阴影形成,围绕布谷鸟,再离空中飞去。诸比库见此鸟群,问佛:“尊者,这些鸟名为何?”佛言:“此乃我前世族,昔我设立之家养众,曾有万鸟照顾我。时日渐远,今其余此数。”诸比库问:“尊者,如此生物如何在森林间养育这些鸟儿?”佛言:“由彼时闻受”,充满念心,转述过去经历,开示曰——
‘‘Evamakkhāyati evamanusūyati, sabbosadhadharaṇidhare nekapupphamālyavitate gajagavajamahiṃsarurucamarapasadakhaggagokaṇṇasīhabyagghadīpiacchakokataracchauddārakadali- migabiḷārasasakaṇṇikānucarite ākiṇṇanelamaṇḍalamahāvarāhanāgakulakareṇusaṅghādhivuṭṭhe issamigasākhamigasarabhamigaeṇīmigavātamigapasadamigapurisālukimpurisayakkharakkha- sanisevite amajjavamañjarīdharapahaṭṭhapupphaphusitaggānekapādapagaṇavitake kuraracakoravāraṇamayūraparabhatajīvañjīvakacelāvakabhiṅkārakaravīkamattavihaṅgagaṇasatatasampaghuṭṭhe añjanamanosilāharitālahiṅgulakahemarajatakanakānekadhātu- satavinaddhapaṭimaṇḍitapadese evarūpe khalu, bho, ramme vanasaṇḍe kuṇālo nāma sakuṇo paṭivasati ativiya citto ativiya cittapattacchadano’’.
“其所言述,如其心绪,犹如一切药草之藏主,繁花装饰,象、牛、象鼻兽、麝、马、麋、狮、虎、野象、鹫鹰斑纹、九色锈铁、峰鸠、蜜蜂、青铜、鸽子、瑜伽师聚居地、鼷鼠、虎女、青铜鼎、莲花台、竹叶簇拥、孔雀、鱼王鸣叫栖息处、诸多山谷,花木繁茂,鸟群聚处,水陆丰盈,美丽金台,荫台皆现于此间。如此奇妙美景之处,被称作喜马拉雅山,亦谓大山脉。诸处宫殿有狮、象、豺狼、虎王及四处护卫。此处有众鸟群落,名曰库那陀鸟,因心性殊胜,心光明亮、明净。”
‘‘Tasseva khalu, bho, kuṇālassa sakuṇassa aḍḍhuḍḍhāni itthisahassāni paricārikā dijakaññāyo, atha khalu, bho, dve dijakaññāyo kaṭṭhaṃ mukhena ḍaṃsitvā taṃ kuṇālaṃ sakuṇaṃ majjhe nisīdāpetvā uḍḍentimā naṃ kuṇālaṃ sakuṇaṃ addhānapariyāyapathe kilamatho ubbāhetthā’’ti.
『汝等诸鸟中,实有一种鸟名为孔雀鸟,雌鸟千数,作为侍从。今有两只雄鸟,以木器为嘴,咬住此鸟,使之坐于两雄鸟之间,如欲飞扬。此孔雀鸟因牵系之故,疲惫而倒地。』
‘‘Pañcasatā dijakaññāyo heṭṭhato heṭṭhato uḍḍenti ‘sacāyaṃ kuṇālo sakuṇo āsanā paripatissati, mayaṃ taṃ pakkhehi paṭiggahessāmā’ti.
『五百多只孔雀鸟从下方纷纷飞起,谓曰:“这孔雀鸟必将困坐,吾等当去旁协助牠。”』
‘‘Pañcasatā dijakaññāyo uparūpari uḍḍenti ‘mā naṃ kuṇālaṃ sakuṇaṃ ātapo paritāpesī’ti.
『五百多只孔雀鸟从上方纷纷飞起,谓曰:“使此孔雀鸟勿受热害。”』
‘‘Pañcasatā dijakaññāyo ubhatopassena uḍḍenti ‘mā naṃ kuṇālaṃ sakuṇaṃ sītaṃ vā uṇhaṃ vā tiṇaṃ vā rajo vā vāto vā ussāvo vā upapphusī’ti.
『五百多只孔雀鸟从两侧飞起,谓曰:“不可令此孔雀鸟遭受冷、热、风、雨、尘埃或风暴之苦。”』
‘‘Pañcasatā dijakaññāyo purato purato uḍḍenti ‘mā naṃ kuṇālaṃ sakuṇaṃ gopālakā vā pasupālakā vā tiṇahārakā vā kaṭṭhahārakā vā vanakammikā vā kaṭṭhena vā kaṭhalena vā pāṇinā vā leḍḍunā vā daṇḍena vā satthena vā sakkharāhi vā pahāraṃ adaṃsu, māyaṃ kuṇālo sakuṇo gacchehi vā latāhi vā rukkhehi vā sākhāhi vā thambhehi vā pāsāṇehi vā balavantehi vā pakkhīhi saṅgamesī’ti.
『五百多只孔雀鸟从前方飞起,谓曰:“莫令牧童、畜牧者、草木采集者、伐木者,用手、刀、杖、鞭、棍棒、飞石或有力之翼,来击打此孔雀鸟。吾等孔雀与树木枝叶、石块及强力之翼,将与之搏斗。”』
‘‘Pañcasatā dijakaññāyo pacchato pacchato uḍḍenti saṇhāhi sakhilāhi mañjūhi madhurāhi vācāhi samudācarantiyo ‘māyaṃ kuṇālo sakuṇo āsane pariyukkaṇṭhī’ti.
『五百多只孔雀鸟从后方飞起,伴随着悦耳柔和甜美之鸣声飞舞,谓曰:“勿使此孔雀鸟被困于此地。”』
‘‘Pañcasatā dijakaññāyo disodisaṃ uḍḍenti anekarukkhavividhavikatiphalamāharantiyo ‘māyaṃ kuṇālo sakuṇo khudāya parikilamitthā’ti.
「五百只彩羽鸟飞翔于东方天空,这些鸟类栖息于各异的树木之上,结出许多果实。彼时有人称:‘这就是凶鸟、脏鸟、恶鸟、不洁鸟、忘恩鸟的聚集。’
‘‘Atha khalu, bho, tā dijakaññāyo taṃ kuṇālaṃ sakuṇaṃ ārāmeneva ārāmaṃ, uyyāneneva uyyānaṃ, nadītittheneva nadītitthaṃ, pabbatasikhareneva pabbatasikharaṃ, ambavaneneva ambavanaṃ, jambuvaneneva jambuvanaṃ, labujavaneneva labujavanaṃ, nāḷikerasañcāriyeneva nāḷikerasañcāriyaṃ khippameva abhisambhonti ratitthāya.
「接着,这些彩羽鸟们迅速飞临一座园林,园中有林园、庭院、有河边水岸,有山峰顶端,有芳香之林、有樟树林、有柚树林,还有椰子树丛,百般园林之地皆至。
‘‘Atha khalu, bho, kuṇālo sakuṇo tāhi dijakaññāhi divasaṃ paribyūḷho evaṃ apasādeti ‘nassatha tumhe vasaliyo, vinassatha tumhe vasiliyo coriyo dhuttiyo asatiyo lahucittāyo katassa appaṭikārikāyo anilo viya yenakāmaṃgamāyo’’’ ti.
「然后,这群凶鸟在白昼围绕凶恶之地飞行,同时发出嗥叫声:‘汝等应毁灭啊,盗贼、邪恶、虚伪、轻慢、无礼、如狂风暴虐者,汝等必遭灭亡。’」
Tatrāyaṃ atthavaṇṇanā – bhikkhave, so vanasaṇḍo evaṃ akkhāyati evañca anusūyati. Kinti? Sabbosadhadharaṇidhareti vitthāro. Tattha sabbosadhadharaṇidhareti mūlatacapattapupphādisabbosadhadharāya dharaṇiyā samannāgateti attho, sabbosadhayutto vā dharaṇidharo. So hi padeso sabbosadhadharaṇidharoti evamakkhāyati evañca anusūyati, tasmiṃ vanasaṇḍeti vuttaṃ hoti. Sesapadayojanāyapi eseva nayo. Nekapupphamālyavitateti anekehi phalatthāya uppannapupphehi ceva piḷandhanamālyehi ca vitate. Rurūti suvaṇṇavaṇṇā migā. Uddārāti uddā. Biḷārāti mahābiḷārā. Nelamaṇḍalaṃ vuccati taruṇabhiṅkacchāpamaṇḍalaṃ. Mahāvarāhāti mahāhatthino, ākiṇṇanelamaṇḍalamahāvarāhena gocariyādibhedena dasavidhena nāgakulena ceva kareṇusaṅghena ca adhivuṭṭheti attho. Issamigāti kāḷasīhā. Vātamigāti mahāvātamigā. Pasadamigāti citramigā. Purisālūti vaḷavāmukhayakkhiniyo. Kimpurisāti devakinnaracandakinnaradumakinnaradaṇḍamāṇavakakonti- sakuṇakaṇṇapāvuraṇādibhedā kinnarā. Amajjavamañjarīdharapahaṭṭhapupphaphusitaggānekapādapagaṇavitateti makuladharehi ceva mañjarīdharehi ca supupphitehi ca aggamattapupphitehi ca anekehi pādapagaṇehi vitate. Vāraṇā nāma hatthiliṅgasakuṇā. Celāvakātipi ete sakuṇāyeva. Hemañca kanakañcāti dve suvaṇṇajātiyo. Etehi añjanādīhi anekadhātusatehi anekehi vaṇṇadhāturāsīhi vinaddhapaṭimaṇḍitapadese. Bhoti dhammālapanamattametaṃ. Cittoti mukhatuṇḍakepi heṭṭhāudarabhāgepi citrova.
这里的义理说明如下:比库们,此处称为林丛者,意指『万草承载之地』。其意为根本坚固、大地之承载体,具足万草。往往此地被称作万草伏藏之所,也称植被之地。这片区域因被草木花卉繁茂覆盖故有“林丛”之称。花丛繁茂,色泽绚丽者称为“如金色”,高大者称“雄伟”,大象席地行走其间称“宏大林围”。黄金环绕、巨象游行的林地,诸如护卫般的十种龙种护持此地。又如黑狮般的猛兽,威风凛凛的强风兽及形态多样的奇特猛兽栖居于此。恶鬼与人形夜叉等妖邪,及天界人、仙童、凤凰等神祇类,耳朵挂饰各异,花团云集,花朵繁盛,枝叶众多,色彩斑斓,色泽闪耀。栖息诸多此类神禽,黄金和金属色彩的飞禽交织其中,景观耀眼异常。此地正是如是繁华富丽之林丛。
Aḍḍhuḍḍhānīti aḍḍhacatutthāni, tīṇi sahassāni pañceva satānīti attho. Addhānapariyāyapatheti addhānasaṅkhāte gamanamagge. Ubbāhetthāti bādhayittha. Upapphusīti upagantvā phusi. Pahāraṃ adaṃsūti ettha ‘‘mā na’’nti padassa sāmivasena attho veditabbo. Saṅgamesīti samāgacchi. Saṇhāhīti maṭṭhāhi. Sakhilāhīti piyāhi. Mañjūhīti sakhilāhi. Madhurāhīti madhurassarāhi. Samudācarantiyoti gandhabbakaraṇavasena paricarantiyo. Anekarukkhavividhavikatiphalanti anekehi rukkhehi vividhavikatiphalaṃ. Ārāmeneva ārāmanti pupphārāmādīsu aññatarena ārāmeneva aññataraṃ ārāmaṃ nentīti attho. Uyyānādīsupi eseva nayo. Nāḷikerasañcāriyenevāti nāḷikeravaneneva aññaṃ nāḷikeravanaṃ. Atisambhontīti evaṃ netvā tattha naṃ khippaññeva ratitthāya pāpuṇanti.
「所谓‘五百只’意指四分之一的计数法,三千之中五百也。‘行进的道路’意指结伴前行的路径;‘阻碍’意为阻止或妨碍;‘靠近’意为亲近接近;‘打击’意为攻击;‘集结’意指相聚集会。‘相亲相爱’指的是互相疼爱慕惜;‘温柔’意指柔顺之意;‘甜美’指甘甜宜人之味;‘周游’意为如神祇随从一般游行。‘各异的树木结出各类果实’是指许多不同树木结有多种果品。‘园林’意指庭院或花园中的一部分,如花园或果园。‘庭院及其他’指与园林相似之地,乃指各类园林之处。‘椰子树林之间’乃指一片椰树林,此处指别的椰树林。‘迅速来到’意为一来即到,马上达到目的地。此为句中总体意思。」
Divasaṃ paribyūḷhoti sakaladivasaṃ paribyūḷho. Apasādetīti tā kira taṃ evaṃ divasaṃ paricaritvā nivāsarukkhe otāretvā parivāretvā rukkhasākhāsu nisīditvā ‘‘appeva nāma madhuravacanaṃ labheyyāmā’’ti patthayantiyo iminā uyyojitakāle attano vasanaṭṭhānaṃ gamissāmāti vasanti. Kuṇālarājā pana tā uyyojento ‘‘nassathā’’tiādivacanehi apasādeti. Tattha nassathāti gacchatha. Vinassathāti sabbatobhāgena nassatha. Gehe dhanadhaññādīnaṃ nāsanena coriyo, bahumāyatāya dhuttiyo, naṭṭhassatitāya asatiyo, anavaṭṭhitacittatāya lahucittāyo, katavināsanena mittadubbhitāya katassa appaṭikārikāyoti.
「整日围绕飞翔者指全天候围绕飞行。‘沮丧’意指因劳累而感厌。‘故意不得近’即称为拒绝同住;或饮食往来被排斥。鸟群避让、不愿接近,停歇于树枝上,说:‘反而能得到甜美的言语相待,实属难得。’此时并开始前往原有所栖之地。凶残之王则呼吁以‘去灭绝你们’等恶言反驳。其‘灭绝’意为将其驱赶或彻底毁灭。‘损坏粮食资产者’指盗贼,‘贪多者’指贪婪贼盗,‘恶劣者’指各式不正,‘无诚实者’指无信,‘心胸狭隘’指轻慢狭隘的人,‘作恶的人’指对友敌有害、致命者,‘坏事不做之者’意为没做坏事得罪者。由此说明恶鸟之种种不善行为,呼吁灭绝其族群。」
Evañca pana vatvā ‘‘iti kho, bhikkhave, ahaṃ tiracchānagatopi itthīnaṃ akataññutaṃ bahumāyataṃ anācārataṃ dussīlatañca jānāmi, tadāpāhaṃ tāsaṃ vase avattitvā tā eva attano vase vattemī’’ti imāya kathāya tesaṃ bhikkhūnaṃ anabhiratiṃ haritvā satthā tuṇhī ahosi. Tasmiṃ khaṇe dve kāḷakokilā sāmikaṃ daṇḍakena ukkhipitvā heṭṭhābhāgādīsu catasso catasso hutvā taṃ padesaṃ āgamiṃsu. Te bhikkhū tāpi disvā satthāraṃ pucchiṃsu. Satthā ‘‘pubbe, bhikkhave, mama sahāyo puṇṇamukho nāma phussakokilo ahosi, tassāyaṃ vaṃso’’ti vatvā purimanayeneva tehi bhikkhūhi pucchito āha –
世尊如是说:『比库们,我虽堕于三恶道中,仍明知女性未被觉悟,苦多烦乱,亦不合道,不守戒律,我已断绝彼等,住于自身,行自身所行。』如是语已,令比库们心生厌恶,世尊寂静无言。此时,有两只黑杜鹃踢击主人,用爪子弄落四方之地,进入其地。比库们见此,便问世尊。世尊告之:『比库们,先前我的随从是一只名为“丰满口”的触摸杜鹃,它的族系即从这里起源。』于是,比库们随即提问。
‘‘Tasseva khalu, bho, himavato pabbatarājassa puratthimadisābhāge susukhumasunipuṇagirippabhavaharitupayantiyo’’ti.
世尊答言:『那只鸟在喜马拉雅山王者的东北方向,生于一个林木繁茂、芳香四溢、环境幽雅舒适的山中。』
Tattha suṭṭhu sukhumasaṇhasalilatāya susukhumasunipuṇā, giri etāsaṃ pabhavoti girippabhavā , himavantato sandamānaharitatiṇamissaoghatāya haritā, kuṇāladahaṃ upagamanena upayantiyoti susukhumasunipuṇagirippabhavaharitupayantiyo, evarūpā nadiyo yasmiṃ sandantīti attho.
那里有幽雅舒适的泉水,故称为“幽雅舒适的山及泉”。那山由喜马拉雅山连接,山中布满芳香树木。应为“幽雅舒适的山及泉”名称由此而起。此地有一条名叫“昆那拉陀”的河流穿过,“昆那拉陀”为河之名。
Idāni yaṃ kuṇāladahaṃ tā upayanti, tattha pupphāni vaṇṇento āha –
此时,昆那拉陀河顺流而下,河边绽放花朵,芳香扑鼻,世尊说:
‘‘Uppalapadumakumudanalinasatapattasogandhikamandālakasampativiruḷha- suciganṭhamanuññamāvakappadese’’ti.
『乃莲、蒲、芙蓉、莲藕、百叶芙蓉,寓意芳香、优美、纯洁、芬芳,宛如宝珠般盛开。』
Tattha uppalanti nīluppalaṃ. Nalinanti setapadumaṃ. Satapattanti paripuṇṇasatapattapadumaṃ. Sampatīti etehi sampativiruḷhehi abhinavajātehi sucigandhena ceva manuññena ca hadayabandhanasamatthatāya māvakena ca padesena samannāgateti attho.
其中“乃莲”指蓝色莲花,“蒲”指白色莲花,“百叶芙蓉”指完全盛开的百叶莲。这里“盛开”指新生鲜活、洁净芬芳、拥有令人悦心的内外和谐,这些花因气味优美和心灵安宁的缘故,盛开于河岸之地。
Idāni tasmiṃ dahe rukkhādayo vaṇṇento āha –
现在,在那个被火烧毁的树木等处,他开始描述说——
‘‘Kuravakamucalindaketakavedisavañjulapunnāgabakulatilakapiyakahasanasālasaḷala- campakaasokanāgarukkhatirīṭibhujapattaloddacandanoghavane kāḷāgarupadmakapiyaṅgudevadārukacocagahane kakudhakuṭajaaṅkolakaccikārakaṇikārakaṇṇikāra- kanaverakoraṇḍakakoviḷārakiṃsukayodhikavanamallikamanaṅgaṇamanavajjabhaṇḍisurucira- bhaginimālāmalyadhare jātisumanamadhugandhikadhanutakkāritālīsatagaramusīrakoṭṭhakacchavitate atimuttakasaṃkusumitalatāvitatapaṭimaṇḍitappadese haṃsapilavakādambakāraṇḍavābhinadite vijjādharasiddhasamaṇatāpasagaṇādhivuṭṭhe varadevayakkharakkhasadānavagandhabbakinnaramahoragānuciṇṇappadese – evarūpe khalu, bho, ramme vanasaṇḍe puṇṇamukho nāma phussakokilo pativasati ativiya madhuragiro vilāsitanayano mattakkho.
他说:『那处生长着鹄喙树、牟齐类树、狮子尾树、阿耆多树、槟榔树、绯红花及菩耶树等诸多树种,还有纸莎草树、灵鹫树、白鹤花树、南药树、安那树、菩提树、杜桑树和乌毛树,乃至白桑、堂瓜树、乳香树、檀香树、樟木树、蓝颜彩花木、莲花树、香木树、优昙婆罗树、招提树、绿僧茶树、鼓槌木、榕树、菴蒲树、木乳香树、肥沃树、玛尼树、枫树、花香树、芙蓉树、细叶树、茶树、碧桃树及其它各类花木纷纷繁茂,枝叶相交,姿态优美,花香馥郁,果实累累,鸟鸣啾啾。这些树木生长之地,被群山环绕,覆盖着密林,且有着丰富的泉水和波光粼粼的湖泊。正如在此美丽森林中,常居着名为蒲娜姆库·普苏萨柯基罗的鸟儿,声音甜美,姿态潇洒,眸子迷醉,被视为此林之花。』
‘‘Tasseva khalu, bho, puṇṇamukhassa phussakokilassa aḍḍhuḍḍhāni itthisatāni paricārikā dijakaññāyo. Atha khalu, bho, dve dijakaññāyo kaṭṭhaṃ mukhena ḍaṃsitvā taṃ puṇṇamukhaṃ phussakokilaṃ majjhe nisīdāpetvā uḍḍenti ‘mā naṃ puṇṇamukhaṃ phussakokilaṃ addhānapariyāyapathe kilamatho ubbāhetthā’ti.
他说:『这位名叫蒲娜姆库普苏萨柯基罗的鸟儿,有成群的雌鸟侍奉。然后,有两只雌鸟合嘴鸣叫,使那蒲娜姆库鸟停下飞翔,停在空中盘旋,彼此呼唤说: “不要让这只蒲娜姆库普苏萨柯基罗鸟,因无处栖息或因同伴争斗而起烦恼。”』
‘‘Paññāsa dijakaññāyo heṭṭhato heṭṭhato uḍḍenti ‘sacāyaṃ puṇṇamukho phussakokilo sakuṇo āsanā paripatissati, mayaṃ taṃ pakkhehi paṭiggahessāmā’ti.
他说:『有五十只雌鸟从下方向上飞起,鸣唱说:“这只蒲娜姆库普苏萨柯基罗鸟,终将有栖息之所,我们会在两边守护它。”』
‘‘Paññāsa dijakaññāyo uparūpari uḍḍenti ‘mā naṃ puṇṇamukhaṃ phussakokilaṃ ātapo paritāpesī’ti.
他说:『又有五十只雌鸟从上方向下飞翔,呼唤说:“不要让这只蒲娜姆库普苏萨柯基罗鸟,因酷暑而受苦。”』
‘‘Paññāsa paññāsa dijakaññāyo ubhatopassena uḍḍenti ‘mānaṃ puṇṇamukhaṃ phussakokilaṃ sītaṃ vā uṇhaṃ vā tiṇaṃ vā rajo vā vāto vā ussāvo vā upapphusī’ti.
他说:『又有五十五只雌鸟同时飞起,警告说:“不要让这只蒲娜姆库普苏萨柯基罗鸟,因寒冷、炎热、干草、灰尘、风暴或疾风而受到伤害。”』
‘‘Paññāsa dijakaññāyo purato purato uḍḍenti ‘mā naṃ puṇṇamukhaṃ phussakokilaṃ gopālakā vā pasupālakā vā tiṇahārakā vā kaṭṭhahārakā vā vanakammikā vā kaṭṭhena vā kaṭhalāya vā pāṇinā vā leḍḍunā vā daṇḍena vā satthena vā sakkharāhi vā pahāramadaṃsu, māyaṃ puṇṇamukho phussakokilo gacchehi vā latāhi vā rukkhehi vā sākhāhi vā thambhehi vā pāsāṇehi vā balavantehi vā pakkhīhi saṅgamesī’ti.
「五十只雄鸟从前方飞来,叫喊说:‘不要让这位满口甜言的啄木鸟接近,无论是牧牛人还是牧养牲畜者,是拾集草料者或伐木者,是林中劳动者,无论用木棒、棍棒、竹杖、藤条、树枝、柱杖、石块,或强壮者、飞禽,都不要惊扰这满口甜言的啄木鸟;也不要让它攀附于藤蔓、树木、枝杈、柱子或岩石,甚至与强壮者或鸟类争斗。」
‘‘Paññāsa dijakaññāyo pacchato pacchato uḍḍenti saṇhāhi sakhilāhi mañjūhi madhurāhi vācāhi samudācarantiyo ‘māyaṃ puṇṇamukho phussakokilo āsane pariyukkaṇṭhī’ti.
「五十只雄鸟从后方飞来,伴随着清净纯净、柔和甜美的语音,彼此交谈说:‘这满口甜言的啄木鸟在座位上眨眼张望,一再观望、嗅探。’」
‘‘Paññāsa dijakaññāyo disodisaṃ uḍḍenti anekarukkhavividhavikatiphalamāharantiyo ‘māyaṃ puṇṇamukho phussakokilo khudāya parikilamitthā’ti.
「五十只雄鸟分别往东方、南方、西方、北方飞去,采集着各类林中各异的、种种果实,边飞边大声评论说:‘这满口甜言的啄木鸟在腹中醚满虚假。’」
‘‘Atha khalu, bho, tā dijakaññāyo taṃ puṇṇamukhaṃ phussakokilaṃ ārāmeneva ārāmaṃ, uyyāneneva uyyānaṃ, nadītittheneva nadītitthaṃ, pabbatasikhareneva pabbatasikharaṃ, ambavaneneva ambavanaṃ, jambuvaneneva jambuvanaṃ, labujavaneneva labujavanaṃ, nāḷikerasañcāriyeneva nāḷikerasañcāriyaṃ khippameva abhisambhonti ratitthāya.
「于是啊,诸位,这些雄鸟迅速飞往公园、公园花园、河流渡口、山峰顶端、雨林、荫林、枫林、椰林,迅捷地聚集在一起休憩。 」
‘‘Atha khalu, bho, puṇṇamukho phussakokilo tāhi dijakaññāhi divasaṃ paribyūḷho evaṃ pasaṃsati ‘sādhu sādhu, bhaginiyo, etaṃ kho bhaginiyo tumhākaṃ patirūpaṃ kuladhītānaṃ, yaṃ tumhe bhattāraṃ paricareyyāthā’ti.
「于是啊,诸位,这满口甜言的啄木鸟被这些雄鸟整日环绕,称赞道:‘好哉,好哉,姐妹们,这正是你们的丈夫所爱的女儿们,你们理应侍奉她们。』」
‘‘Atha khalu, bho, puṇṇamukho phussakokilo yena kuṇālo sakuṇo tenupasaṅkami. Addasaṃsu kho kuṇālassa sakuṇassa paricārikā dijakaññāyo taṃ puṇṇamukhaṃ phussakokilaṃ dūratova āgacchantaṃ, disvāna yena puṇṇamukho phussakokilo tenupasaṅkamiṃsu, upasaṅkamitvā taṃ puṇṇamukhaṃ phussakokilaṃ etadavocuṃ – ‘ayaṃ, samma puṇṇamukha, kuṇālo sakuṇo ativiya pharuso ativiya pharusavāco, appeva nāma tavampi āgamma piyavācaṃ labheyyāmā’ti. ‘Appeva nāma bhaginiyo’ti vatvā yena kuṇālo sakuṇo tenupasaṅkami, upasaṅkamitvā kuṇālena sakuṇena saddhiṃ paṭisammoditvā ekamantaṃ nisīdi, ekamantaṃ nisinno kho puṇṇamukho phussakokilo taṃ kuṇālaṃ sakuṇaṃ etadavoca – ‘kissa tvaṃ, samma kuṇāla, itthīnaṃ sujātānaṃ kuladhītānaṃ sammāpaṭipannānaṃ micchāpaṭipannosi, amanāpabhāṇīnampi kira, samma kuṇāla, itthīnaṃ manāpabhāṇinā bhavitabbaṃ, kimaṅgaṃ pana manāpabhāṇīna’nti.
「于是啊,诸位,满口甜言的啄木鸟前往向名为昆纳罗的雄鸟接近。众侍从雄鸟见到这满口甜言的啄木鸟从远处飞来,便知她将要接近,便对其说:‘这位正直满口甜言者昆纳罗雄鸟言语非常粗恶,但若你接近,便能得到亲切话语。’说完便让满口甜言者接近昆纳罗雄鸟。满口甜言者与昆纳罗雄鸟相会,坐于一旁,向他言说:‘你为何,昆纳罗,身为女子中正直出身善行的贵族女儿,却行邪恶?好像说粗恶话者也应成为女子所嫌恶,怎能行粗恶话?”
‘‘Evaṃ vutte kuṇālo sakuṇo taṃ puṇṇamukhaṃ phussakokilaṃ evaṃ apasādesi – ‘nassa tvaṃ, samma jamma vasala, vinassa tvaṃ, samma jamma vasala, ko nu tayā viyatto jāyājinenā’ti. Evaṃ apasādito ca pana puṇṇamukho phussakokilo tatoyeva paṭinivatti.
云何如是说时,库拿罗鹞鸟讥讽蒲那目鹃鸟,说:“你这真正出身微贱者,必将灭亡的确凿之人。你怎能超越生死轮回呢?”蒲那目鹃鸟受此讥讽,遂转身返去。
‘‘Atha khalu, bho, puṇṇamukhassa phussakokilassa aparena samayena nacirasseva kharo ābādho uppajji, lohitapakkhandikā bāḷhā vedanā vattanti māraṇantikā. Atha khalu, bho, puṇṇamukhassa phussakokilassa paricārikānaṃ dijakaññānaṃ etadahosi – ‘ābādhiko kho ayaṃ puṇṇamukho phussakokilo, appeva nāma imamhā ābādhā vuṭṭhaheyyā’ti ekaṃ adutiyaṃ ohāya yena kuṇālo sakuṇo tenupasaṅkamiṃsu. Addasā kho kuṇālo sakuṇo tā dijakaññāyo dūratova āgacchantiyo, disvāna tā dijakaññāyo etadavoca – ‘kahaṃ pana tumhaṃ vasaliyo bhattā’ti. ‘Ābādhiko kho, samma kuṇāla, puṇṇamukho phussakokilo appeva nāma tamhā ābādhā vuṭṭhaheyyā’ti. Evaṃ vutte kuṇālo sakuṇo tā dijakaññāyo evaṃ apasādesi – ‘nassatha tumhe vasaliyo, vinassatha tumhe vasaliyo coriyo dhuttiyo asatiyo lahucittāyo katassa appaṭikārikāyo anilo viya yenakāmaṃgamāyo’ti vatvā yena puṇṇamukho phussakokilo tenupasaṅkami, upasaṅkamitvā taṃ puṇṇamukhaṃ phussakokilaṃ etadavoca – ‘haṃ, samma, puṇṇamukhā’ti. ‘Haṃ, samma, kuṇālā’ti.
继之,尊者啊,在蒲那目鹃鸟处于另一时刻,不久即生起严重疾病,鲜血淋漓痛苦剧烈,至死方休。此时,服务蒲那目鹃者中的净洁少女们说:“这正是蒲那目鹃患病了,实如所言病难愈治。”于是她们弃一弃二,往见库拿罗鹞鸟。库拿罗鹞鸟远远而来,见少女们,问:“你们这些仆从在哪里?”她们答:“库拿罗,病重的蒲那目鹃果真难医愈。”如是说,库拿罗讥谤少女们:“你们不是仆从,必将灭亡,你们是盗贼、邪行者、不真实者、心地轻薄、行为不善、如风般无所依止的游行者。”说已,往见蒲那目鹃,蒲那目鹃谓之:“是的,正是蒲那目鹃。”“是的,库拿罗。”
‘‘Atha khalu, bho, kuṇālo sakuṇo taṃ puṇṇamukhaṃ phussakokilaṃ pakkhehi ca mukhatuṇḍakena ca pariggahetvā vuṭṭhāpetvā nānābhesajjāni pāyāpesi. Atha khalu, bho, puṇṇamukhassa phussakokilassa so ābādho paṭippassambhī’’ti.
复次,库拿罗鹞鸟以翅膀及口喙包裹蒲那目鹃,行种种医药之治。于是,蒲那目鹃的病痛渐渐缓解。
Tattha piyakāti setapupphā. Hasanāti ha-kāro sandhikaro, asanāyeva. Tirīṭīti ekā rukkhajāti. Candanāti rattasurabhicandanā. Oghavaneti etesaṃ oghena ghaṭāya samannāgatavane. Devadārukacocagahaneti devadārurukkhehi ceva kadalīhi ca gahane. Kaccikārāti ekā rukkhajāti. Kaṇikārāti mahāpupphā. Kaṇṇikārāti khuddakapupphā. Kiṃsukāti vātaghātakā. Yodhikāti yūthikā. Vanamallikamanaṅgaṇamanavajjabhaṇḍisurucirabhaginimālāmalyadhareti mallikānañca anaṅgaṇānaṃ anavajjānañca bhaṇḍīnaṃ surucirānañca bhaginīnaṃ pupphehi mālyadhārayamāne. Dhanutakkārīti dhanupāṭali. Tālīsāti tālīsapattarukkhā. Kacchavitateti etehi jātisumanādīhi vitate nadikacchapabbatakacche. Saṃkusumitalatāti tesu tesu ṭhānesu suṭṭhu kusumitaatimuttakehi ceva nānāvidhalatāhi ca vitatapaṭimaṇḍitapadese. Gaṇādhivuṭṭheti etesaṃ vijjādharādīnaṃ gaṇehi adhivuṭṭhe. Puṇṇamukhoti mukhaparipuṇṇatāya puṇṇamukho. Parehi phuṭṭhatāya phussakokilo. Vilāsitanayanoti vilāsitanetto. Mattakkhoti yathā mattānaṃ akkhīni rattāni honti, evaṃ rattakkho, pamāṇayuttanetto vā.
于此处,“沛耶”指的是白色的花;“哈萨纳”意为起合、缝合;“提日提”是一种树类;“檀陀”是赤、香檀;“欧伽瓦内”意味着盛满水的林苑;“提婆达卢卡乔查加哈那”指的是由天树及小蕉树荫蔽的密林;“卡提迦”指一种树;“迦尼迦”是大花;“迦尼迦”也是小花;“金数迦”指能抗风者;“优提迦”指妇女;“伐那漫利迦曼艮那曼瓦伽婆嚩提舒罗赤理婆旃尼摩阿良尼迦”意谓手持花饰且无玷无瑕、装饰华美的姐妹花;“达努塔卡吒迦”是弓弦草;“荼璃萨”是荼利叶树;“迦吒薇塔特”指这些种类的蔷薇和长满于河、龟、山的蔷薇属植物;“三拘苏米塔拉塔”是指这些处所中各类繁花似锦、蔓藤环绕的盛开之地;“沓迦纳地伏特迦”是指由学问者及行者组成的群体;“蒲那目阔”意为面貌完整丰满的蒲那目;“婆雷毕亚钦楼”指嗜好柔嫩瞳孔者,如同血红之眼,亦即拥有相应数量的眼睛者。
Bhaginiyoti ariyavohārena ālapanaṃ. Paricareyyāthāti sakaladivasaṃ gahetvā vicareyyātha. Iti so piyakathaṃ kathetvā uyyojeti. Kadāci pana kuṇālo saparivāro puṇṇamukhaṃ dassanāya gacchati, kadāci puṇṇamukho kuṇālassa santikaṃ āgacchati. Tenāha ‘‘atha khalu, bho’’ti. Sammāti vayassa. Āgammāti paṭicca upanissāya. Labheyyāmāti kuṇālassa santikā piyavacanaṃ labheyyāma. Appeva nāmāti api nāma labheyyātha, vakkhāmi nanti. Sujātānanti samajātikānaṃ.
“伽吉尼”是具贵族气质之女子的尊称;“巴利迦耶”意谓全天接待侍奉;讲完此美妙故事后起身。时或库拿罗与众同行探访蒲那目,时或蒲那目到库拿罗近前。故而生偈:“尊者啊!依缘而来,获得面见者;我们的祝愿将为库拿罗亲近之时所获。‘实非虚假’,我愿宣言。‘寿长者’者童年同胞。”
Nassāti palāya. Jammāti lāmaka. Viyattoti ko nu tayā sadiso añño byatto nāma atthi. Jāyājinenāti jāyājitena, ayameva vā pāṭho. Evaṃ itthiparājitena tayā sadiso ko nāma byatto atthīti taṃ puna evarūpassa vacanassa abhaṇanatthāya apasādeti. Tatoyevāti ‘‘kuddho me kuṇālo’’ti cintetvā tatoyeva paṭinivatti, so nivattitvā saparivāro attano nivāsaṭṭhānameva agamāsi.
“纳萨”意为逃走;“赉玛”意谓奴仆;“威亚托”者,意为无与彼相像者;“迦耶儿练”即由生者;此亦为读法。由女性敌手而遭怯弱,若有他人与其相似,必无有也。如此反复思虑“我库拿罗果恼怒”,于是转身返去,随侍众亦返回其所居之地。
Appeva nāmāti saṃsayaparivitakko, imamhā ābādhā vuṭṭhaheyya vā no vāti evaṃ cintetvā taṃ ohāya pakkamiṃsu. Tumhanti tumhākaṃ. Appeva nāmāti tamhā ābādhā vuṭṭhaheyya vā no vā, amhākaṃ āgatakāle mato bhavissati. Mayañhi idāneva so marissatīti ñatvā tumhākaṃ pādaparicārikā bhavituṃ āgatā. Tenupasaṅkamīti imā itthiyo sāmikassa matakāle āgatā paṭikkūlā bhavissāmāti taṃ pahāya āgatā, ahaṃ gantvā mama sahāyakaṃ pupphaphalādīni nānābhesajjāni saṃharitvā arogaṃ karissāmīti cintetvā nāgabalo mahāsatto ākāse uppatitvā yena so tenupasaṅkami. Hanti nipāto, ‘‘jīvasi, sammā’’ti pucchanto evamāha. Itaropissa ‘‘jīvāmī’’ti vadanto ‘‘haṃ sammā’’ti āha. Pāyāpesīti pāyesi. Paṭippassambhīti vūpasamīti.
确实,这个名字被疑惑所围绕,虽有烦恼产生或未生,仍然怀此意念便舍离了它。你们(女比库尼)说:是否因她那里烦恼产生与否,到了我们这里反倒是如此?现在知道她快死了,特地来做你们的侍女。因此这些女比库尼在主人过世时前来,却将之弃置,心想:“我去后将采集各样花果和药物,令其康健无病。”这时,一位巨大法力的龙王从空中飞来,向她走近。它说:“还活着吗?好好地活着吗?”询问她。其他人回答:“我活着。”它说:“嗯,好好的。”它呵护她。所谓“守护”是护卫;所谓“安静”即是安稳。
Tāpi dijakaññāyo asmiṃ aroge jāte āgatā. Kuṇālopi puṇṇamukhaṃ katipāhaṃ phalāphalāni khādāpetvā tassa balappattakāle, ‘‘samma, idāni tvaṃ arogo, attano paricārikāhi saddhiṃ vasa, ahampi attano vasanaṭṭhānaṃ gamissāmī’’ti āha. Atha naṃ so ‘‘imā, samma, maṃ bāḷhagilānaṃ pahāya palāyanti, na me etāhi dhuttīhi attho’’ti āha. Taṃ sutvā mahāsatto ‘‘tena hi te, samma, itthīnaṃ pāpabhāvaṃ ācikkhissāmī’’ti puṇṇamukhaṃ gahetvā himavantapasse manosilātalaṃ netvā sattayojanikasālarukkhamūle manosilāsane nisīdi. Ekasmiṃ passe puṇṇamukho saparivāro nisīdi. Sakalahimavante devaghosanā cari – ‘‘ajja kuṇālo sakuṇarājā himavante manosilāsane nisīditvā buddhalīlāya dhammaṃ desessati, taṃ suṇāthā’’ti. Paramparaghosena cha kāmāvacaradevā sutvā yebhuyyena tattha sannipatiṃsu. Bahunāgasupaṇṇakinnaravijjādharādīnampi devatā tamatthaṃ ugghosesuṃ. Tadā ānando nāma gijjharājā dasasahassagijjhaparivāro gijjhapabbate paṭivasati. Sopi taṃ kolāhalaṃ sutvā ‘‘dhammaṃ suṇissāmī’’ti saparivāro āgantvā ekamantaṃ nisīdi. Nāradopi pañcābhiñño tāpaso dasasahassatāpasaparivuto himavantapadese viharanto taṃ devaghosanaṃ sutvā ‘‘sahāyo kira me kuṇālo itthīnaṃ aguṇaṃ kathessati, mahāsamāgamo bhavissati, mayāpi taṃ desanaṃ sotuṃ vaṭṭatī’’ti tāpasadasasahassena saddhiṃ iddhiyā tattha gantvā ekamantaṃ nisīdi. Buddhānaṃ desanāsannipātasadiso mahāsamāgamo ahosi. Atha mahāsatto jātissarañāṇena itthidosapaṭisaṃyuttaṃ atītabhave diṭṭhakāraṇaṃ puṇṇamukhaṃ kāyasakkhiṃ katvā kathesi. Tamatthaṃ pakāsento satthā āha –
当时该女子健康时,云潭的弟子也曾经带了不少果品喂她,助其恢复体力。她说:“很好,你现在已无病了,和你的侍女们同住吧,我也要去我的住处。”那弟子说:“这些女子贤淑离弃愚痴,逃避我,我不愿与她们来往。”听后,龙王说:“我当向她们断恶行。”于是端坐于喜马拉雅山的心石之上,在沙拉树下,闭目念诵。半晌,端正端坐的弟子和同伴们相对而坐。整个喜马拉雅山上,诸天以天鸣宣告:“今天,云潭将于喜马拉雅山心石处,宣讲佛陀教法,大家来听吧。”欲界天众、龙、仙、人等闻此,纷纷集会。那时名曰阿难者,带领千头猕猴群,居于猕猴山上,闻闻喧闹说:“我要来听法。”便携同众猴,坐于一处。天人那罗、五通道者那罗,带领万名苦行者隐居喜马拉雅山,闻天人宣说,共往一处听闻。此乃佛陀开示合众的大集会。龙王集会后,依世间生死记忆的知识,讲述前生罪业之由,作为身体见证,坦诚说明。佛陀为此开示说:
‘‘Atha khalu, bho, kuṇālo sakuṇo taṃ puṇṇamukhaṃ phussakokilaṃ gilānavuṭṭhitaṃ aciravuṭṭhitaṃ gelaññā etadavoca –
“于是啊,云潭及弟子说:那有病的乌啼鸟‘美目乌’不久即已病愈,于是说了以下之语:
‘‘‘Diṭṭhā mayā, samma puṇṇamukha, kaṇhā dvepitikā pañcapatikāya chaṭṭhe purise cittaṃ paṭibandhantiyā, yadidaṃ kabandhe pīṭhasappimhī’’’ti. Bhavati ca panuttarettha vākyaṃ –
‘我曾见,真正的美目乌啊,黑乌鸦、双顶雀、五色雀、六喙之人心被阻碍,这便是他们脊背污秽所在。’这里之意,其实是指
§290
290.
‘‘Athajjuno nakulo bhīmaseno, yudhiṭṭhilo sahadevo ca rājā;
“又如,巨力者纳库罗、比摩森、尤蒂提罗与沙哈德瓦诸王。”
Ete patī pañca maticca nārī, akāsi khujjavāmanakena pāpa’nti.
这些夫人是五名有意见的女人,因身形驼背、面相凶恶而造作恶业。
‘‘Diṭṭhā mayā, samma puṇṇamukha, saccatapāpī nāma samaṇī susānamajjhe vasantī catutthabhattaṃ pariṇāmayamānā surādhuttakena pāpamakāsi.
我亲眼见到,一位名叫『真满面』的比库尼,称为真实恶行者,住在善处中,因病正值第四个月,因酗酒过度而造作恶业。
‘‘Diṭṭhā mayā, samma puṇṇamukha, kākavatī nāma devī samuddamajjhe vasantī bhariyā venateyyassa naṭakuverena pāpamakāsi.
我亲眼见到,一位名叫『乌鸦妇神』的女神,住于海中,是伽利耶王的妻子,被舞蹈王所侵害,因此造作恶业。
‘‘Diṭṭhā mayā, samma puṇṇamukha, kuruṅgadevī nāma lomasuddarī eḷikakumāraṃ kāmayamānā chaḷaṅgakumāradhanantevāsinā pāpamakāsi.
我亲眼见到,一位名叫『猿女神』、毛发洁净的女神,渴望少年『艾利卡』,与六个少年为伴并被其困扰,因此造作恶业。
‘‘Evañhetaṃ mayā ñātaṃ, brahmadattassa mātaraṃ;
以此,我认识了婆罗门达塔的母亲;
Ohāya kosalarājaṃ, pañcālacaṇḍena pāpamakāsi.
她舍弃了迦毗罗卫王,被五位强暴者所加害。
§291
291.
二百九十一。
‘‘Etā ca aññā ca akaṃsu pāpaṃ, tasmāhamitthīnaṃ na vissase nappasaṃse;
“此外还有他人作恶之事,因此我不信任、不亲近恶友,
Mahī yathā jagati samānarattā, vasundharā itarītarāpatiṭṭhā;
正如大地虽同处于世界,然大地上却处处不同,不相等同;
Sabbasahā aphandanā akuppā, tathitthiyo tāyo na vissase naro.
大地均无破裂与动摇,两者众生亦如是,人不可轻信。”
§292
292.
二百九十二。
‘‘Sīho yathā lohitamaṃsabhojano, vāḷamigo pañcāvudho suruddho;
“如狮子虽嗜食生肉,犹如野象武装角锐,战力强猛,
Pasayhakhādī parahiṃsane rato, tathitthiyo tāyo na vissase naro.
沉迷于偷盗抢掠等恶行,居于世间者对此不生信心。
‘‘Na khalu, samma puṇṇamukha, vesiyo nāriyo gamaniyo, na hetā bandhakiyo nāma, vadhikāyo nāma etāyo, yadidaṃ vesiyo nāriyo gamaniyo’’ti.
『确实如此,正逢盛时之时,妓女非为人所信赖,非为人所往来,亦非为人所约束,因她们是妓女,非为可信赖之人。』
‘‘Coro viya veṇikatā madirāva diddhā vāṇijo viya vācāsanthutiyo issasiṅgamiva viparivattāyo uragamiva dujivhāyo. Sobbhamiva paṭicchannā pātālamiva duppūrā rakkhasī viya duttosā yamovekantahāriyo. Sikhīriva sabbabhakkhā nadīriva sabbavāhī anilo viya yenakāmaṃcarā neru viya avisesakarā visarukkho viya niccaphalitāyoti. Bhavati ca panuttarettha vākyaṃ –
她们如盗贼般迷于偷窃,如商贩般说假话,应声媚人却本心妒恨,如盘旋不定的毒蛇,双舌诡诈难以共处。表面虽美丽如掩面,内心却阴暗如地狱,凶恶暴怒如恶鬼,妒嫉如持矛者。声音败坏如杂音,河流周转不息,如风四处飘摇,随心所欲,杂乱无章如芦荻,无所归依常常异动。这里的言辞说得更深——
§293
293.
‘‘‘Yathā coro yathā diddho, vāṇijova vikatthanī;
『盗贼如盗贼,偷窃者如窃贼,商贩生性狡诈;
Issasiṅgamiva parivattā, dujivhā urago viya.
妒害如盘绕,噬人如毒蛇。』
§294
294.
二百九十四。
‘‘‘Sobbhamiva paṭicchannā, pātālamiva duppurā;
『犹如遍布污垢一样,犹如深渊难入;
Rakkhasī viya duttosā, yamovekantahāriyo.
如同恶鬼暴怒似地,如魔鬼夺取单独之物。』
§295
295.
二百九十五。
‘‘Yathā sikhī nadī vāto, nerunāva samāgatā;
『正如河流之水与风汇合,水流奔涌;
Visarukkho viya niccaphalā, nāsayanti ghare bhogaṃ;
如同常年无果的枯树,毁坏宅中财物。』
Ratanantakaritthiyo’’’ti.
所谓「宝生持者」。
Tattha gilānavuṭṭhitanti paṭhamaṃ gilānaṃ pacchā vuṭṭhitaṃ. Diṭṭhā mayāti atīte kira brahmadatto kāsirājā sampannabalavāhanatāya kosalarajjaṃ gahetvā kosalarājānaṃ māretvā tassa aggamahesiṃ sagabbhaṃ gahetvā bārāṇasiṃ gantvā taṃ attano aggamahesiṃ akāsi. Sā aparabhāge dhītaraṃ vijāyi. Rañño pana pakatiyā dhītā vā putto vā natthi, so tussitvā, ‘‘bhadde, varaṃ gaṇhāhī’’ti āha. Sā gahitakaṃ katvā ṭhapesi. Tassā pana kumārikāya ‘‘kaṇhā’’ti nāmaṃ kariṃsu. Athassā vayappattāya mātā taṃ āha – ‘‘amma, pitarā tava varo dinno, tamahaṃ gahetvā ṭhapesiṃ, tava ruccanakaṃ varaṃ gaṇhā’’ti. Sā ‘‘amma, mayhaṃ aññaṃ avijjamānaṃ natthi, patiggahaṇatthāya me sayaṃ varaṃ kārehī’’ti kilesabahulatāya hirottappaṃ bhinditvā mātaraṃ āha. Sā rañño ārocesi. Rājā ‘‘yathārucitaṃ patiṃ gaṇhatū’’ti vatvā sayaṃ varaṃ ghosāpesi. Rājaṅgaṇe sabbālaṅkārapaṭimaṇḍitā bahū purisā sannipatiṃsu. Kaṇhā pupphasamuggaṃ ādāya uttarasīhapañjare ṭhitā olokentī ekampi na rocesi.
其中「gilānavuṭṭhita」意指先起病症,后又病复兴。传说中,昔日婆罗门达多王,名为迦尸,是一位具大力量的国王,他攻取了萨拉国(Kosala),击杀了萨拉王,带领他的首席大臣(aggamahesi)和军队进驻巴拉那西(Bārāṇasi),成为自己领地的最高统帅。此时,他的女儿在另一边生育了儿子。王宫中无女儿或儿子,迦尸王便说:「善哉,接受良好王位的人吧。」他认领那已被收养的子女,将他们安置妥当。这个女儿给她的公主起名为「迦纳」(Kaṇhā)。后来因年长,其母对女儿说:「母亲啊,你的父亲赐予你王位,我将立刻你的守护权交付你,接受你美好的王位吧。」她答道:「母亲,因为我没有别人可依靠,为了保护自己,我愿意承受这个王位。」她克服了烦恼和羞耻,回答了母亲。国王得知此事后说:「愿你恰如其分地接受守护权。」于是,他自己宣布王位。朝廷中,众多圆满的装饰华丽之人齐聚,有许多男子聚会。迦纳携带花环,站立于北狮坛之上,巡视时无人敢冒犯。
Tadā paṇḍurājagottato ajjuno nakulo bhīmaseno yudhiṭṭhilo sahadevoti ime pañca paṇḍurājaputtā takkasilāyaṃ disāpāmokkhassa ācariyassa santike sippaṃ uggahetvā ‘‘desacārittaṃ jānissāmā’’ti vicarantā bārāṇasiṃ patvā antonagare kolāhalaṃ sutvā pucchitvā tamatthaṃ ñatvā ‘‘mayampi gamissāmā’’ti kañcanarūpasamānarūpā tattha gantvā paṭipāṭiyā aṭṭhaṃsu. Kaṇhā te disvā pañcasupi tesu paṭibaddhacittā hutvā pañcannampi sīsesu mālācumbaṭakāni khipitvā, ‘‘amma, ime pañca jane varemī’’ti āha. Sāpi rañño ārocesi. Rājā varassa dinnattā ‘‘na labhissatī’’ti avatvā anattamanova ‘‘kiṃjātikā kassa puttā’’ti pucchitvā paṇḍurājaputtabhāvaṃ ñatvā tesaṃ sakkāraṃ katvā taṃ pādaparicārikaṃ adāsi.
当时,从蒲杜拉王族(Puṇḍurājagotta)中,阿朱奴(Ajjuno)、纳库罗(Nakulo)、毗摩色呬罗(Bhīmaseno)、优帝提罗(Yudhiṭṭhilo)和萨哈德娃(Sahadevoti),这五位蒲杜拉王子,拜在该地教导自由之师的门下,学得技巧后说:「我们当熟知地方风俗。」他们前往巴拉那西,闻到城内喧闹,了解其意后说:「我们也应前去。」五人形貌相似,他们依次就坐。迦纳见到他们,便系上花环,投入脑后说:「母亲,我愿为这五个人效劳。」她的母亲也向国王报告。国王认定授给他们的荣誉不会白费,问曰:「这是谁家子的儿子?」知悉是蒲杜拉王子后,赏赐他们礼遇,将其派为随侍侍者。
Sā sattabhūmikapāsāde te kilesavasena saṅgaṇhi. Eko panassā paricārako khujjo pīṭhasappī atthi. Sā pañca rājaputte kilesavasena saṅgaṇhitvā tesaṃ bahi nikkhantakāle okāsaṃ labhitvā kilesena anuḍayhamānā khujjena saddhiṃ pāpaṃ karoti, tena ca saddhiṃ kathentī – ‘‘mayhaṃ tayā sadiso piyo natthi, rājaputte mārāpetvā tesaṃ galalohitena tava pāde makkhāpessāmī’’ti vadati. Itaresupi jeṭṭhabhātikena missībhūtakāle – ‘‘imehi catūhi tvameva mayhaṃ piyataro, mayā jīvitampi tavatthāya pariccattaṃ, mama pitu accayena tuyhaññeva rajjaṃ dāpessāmī’’ti vadati. Itarehi saddhiṃ missībhūtakālepi eseva nayo. Te ‘‘ayaṃ amhe piyāyati, issariyañca no etaṃ nissāya jāta’’nti tassā ativiya tussanti.
那座七地基的宫殿充满恶念。一位侍从身体弯曲,足上穿拖鞋。她在五位王子中充满恶念,在他们出外之时,找到机会,趁机以恶念和弯曲的脚一起作恶,并且说:「我没有比你更亲近的人,对五位王子作恶,涂抹你脚上的血。」其余的侍从在稍早为姐姐举办节日时说:「你比其他人更亲近我,为我献身,我会用我的生命和财富回应你,将国王的王位给你。」她们其他人援助她,且言词相同。众人都同意说:「她深得我们欢心,此女是主,故应依赖她。」此言令她们极为满意。
Sā ekadivasaṃ ābādhikā ahosi. Atha naṃ te parivāretvā eko sīsaṃ sambāhanto nisīdi, sesā ekekaṃ hatthañca pādañca. Khujjo pana pādamūle nisīdi. Sā sīsaṃ sambāhamānassa jeṭṭhabhātikassa ajjunakumārassa – ‘‘mayhaṃ tayā piyataro natthi, jīvamānā tuyhaṃ jīvissāmi, pitu accayena tuyhaṃ rajjaṃ dāpessāmī’’ti sīsena saññaṃ dadamānā taṃ saṅgaṇhi, itaresampi hatthapādehi tatheva saññaṃ adāsi. Khujjassa pana – ‘‘tvaññeva mama piyo, tavatthāya ahaṃ jīvissāmī’’ti jivhāya saññaṃ adāsi. Te sabbepi pubbe kathitabhāvena tāya saññāya tamatthaṃ jāniṃsu. Tesu sesā attano dinnasaññāyeva jāniṃsu. Ajjunakumāro pana tassā hatthapādajivhāvikāre disvā – ‘‘yathā mayhaṃ, evaṃ sesānampi imāya saññā dinnā bhavissati, khujjena cāpi saddhiṃ etissāya santhavena bhavitabba’’nti cintetvā bhātaro gahetvā bahi nikkhamitvā pucchi – ‘‘diṭṭhā vo pañcapatikā mama sīsavikāraṃ dassentī’’ti? ‘‘Āma, diṭṭhā’’ti. ‘‘Kiṃkāraṇaṃ jānāthā’’ti? ‘‘Na jānāmā’’ti. ‘‘Idaṃ nāmettha kāraṇaṃ, tumhākaṃ pana hatthapādehi dinnasaññāya kāraṇaṃ jānāthā’’ti? ‘‘Āma, jānāmā’’ti. ‘‘Amhākampi teneva kāraṇena adāsi, khujjassa jivhāvikārena saññādānassa kāraṇaṃ jānāthā’’ti? ‘‘Na jānāmā’’ti. Atha nesaṃ ācikkhitvā ‘‘imināpi saddhiṃ etāya pāpakammaṃ kata’’nti vatvā tesu asaddahantesu khujjaṃ pakkositvā pucchi. So sabbaṃ pavattiṃ kathesi.
有一天,她病倒了。众人围绕她,一人抱着她的头坐着,其余人则抓着她的手和脚。那侍从弯曲身躯坐在脚踝处。她抱着头的侍从对大姐阿朱奴王子说:「没有谁比你更亲近我,我既活着,也会为你而活,等父王死后将王国赐给你。」她用头示意亲近他,并且用手脚向其他侍从示意同样的亲近。弯曲的侍从用舌头示意:「你是我最亲近的人,我会为你而活。」众侍从由先前谈论经验感得了同样的亲近心。其余人只知晓自己被赋予这样的亲近感。阿朱奴王子见她手、脚、舌头的姿态,思虑道:「这表示她将给予我首级的伤害,弯曲躯体也会与她同谋害我。」他带着大哥走出外面,问道:「请示看到五位侍从,是否显露我遗体的变形?」众答:「是,显露了。」阿朱奴问:「为何知晓?」众答:「不知道。」他又问:「这缘何而起?你们是否知道因我被赋予手脚的亲近而生此因?」众答:「知道。」他又问:「我们也因这理由赐予她,是否晓知弯曲侍从施予亲近信号之故?」众答:「不知道。」之后他训斥众人说:「你们竟与她共谋作恶。」说罢,怒问弯曲侍从。弯曲侍从将一切经过详述。
Te tassa vacanaṃ sutvā tassā vigatacchandarāgā hutvā – ‘‘aho mātugāmo nāma pāpo dussīlo, mādise nāma jātisampanne sobhaggappatte pahāya evarūpena jegucchapaṭikūlena khujjena saddhiṃ pāpakammaṃ karoti, ko nāma paṇḍitajātiko evaṃ nillajjāhi pāpadhammāhi itthīhi saddhiṃ ramissatī’’ti anekapariyāyena mātugāmaṃ garahitvā ‘‘alaṃ no gharāvāsenā’’ti pañca janā himavantaṃ pavisitvā pabbajitvā kasiṇaparikammaṃ katvā āyupariyosāne yathākammaṃ gatā. Kuṇālo pana sakuṇarājā tadā ajjunakumāro ahosi. Tasmā attanā diṭṭhakāraṇaṃ dassento ‘‘diṭṭhā mayā’’tiādimāha.
闻此言,她内心失去了欲瞋,惊叹说:「唉,母系家族实为不善、不守道德。他们弃绝出身名门的玛迪瑟,因嫌弃与她相貌不合,不正当地与身弯曲的侍从一同作恶,谁会与出身高贵却无耻无道、通奸作恶的妇女为伍?」 众多随从诋毁母系亲族,说道:「他们不该留住她,五人遂进入森林出家,修习遍法直至老死而善终。」库纳罗则成为当时鸟王之名。因而他自称与所见者说:「这都是我目睹的事实。」
Tattha dvepitikāti kosalarañño ca kāsirañño ca vasenetaṃ vuttaṃ. Pañcapatikāyāti pañcapatikā, ya-kāro nipātamatto. Paṭibandhantiyāti paṭibandhamānā. Kabandheti tassa kira gīvā onamitvā uraṃ allīnā, tasmā chinnasīso viya khāyati. Pañca maticcāti ete pañca atikkamitvā. Khujjavāmanakenāti khujjena vāmanakena.
其中文意谓:二地即为阇罗国王与迦尸国王所在之地。所谓五重仓,即由五个音节构成的复词。‘拘缚’指被束缚之意。‘拘缚’形比喻颈部如被压迫束缚,胸部紧缩,因此如断头般被消耗。所谓五种见解,是指超越了这五种的五法。‘拘者婆那拘尼’指以拘束或压制之形象而言。
Idaṃ vatvā aparānipi diṭṭhapubbāni dassento puna ‘‘diṭṭhā’’tiādimāha. Tattha dutiyavatthusmiṃ tāva ayaṃ vibhāvanā – atīte kira bārāṇasiṃ nissāya saccatapāpī nāma setasamaṇī susāne paṇṇasālaṃ kāretvā tattha vasamānā cattāri bhattāni atikkamitvā bhuñjati, sakalanagare cando viya sūriyo viya ca pākaṭā ahosi. Bārāṇasivāsino khipitvāpi khalitvāpi ‘‘namo saccatapāpiyā’’ti vadanti. Athekasmiṃ chaṇakāle paṭhamadivase tāva suvaṇṇakārā gaṇabandhena ekasmiṃ padese maṇḍapaṃ katvā macchamaṃsasurāgandhamālādīni āharitvā surāpānaṃ ārabhiṃsu. Atheko suvaṇṇakāro surāpiṭṭhakaṃ chaḍḍento – ‘‘namo saccatapāpiyā’’ti vatvā ekena paṇḍitena – ‘‘ambho andhabāla, calacittāya itthiyā namo karosi, aho bālo’’ti vutte – ‘‘samma, mā evaṃ avaca, mā nirayasaṃvattanikaṃ kammaṃ karī’’ti āha. Atha naṃ so ‘‘dubbuddhi tuṇhī hohi, sahassena abbhutaṃ karohi, ahaṃ te saccatapāpiṃ ito sattame divase alaṅkatapaṭiyattaṃ imasmiṃyeva ṭhāne nisinno surāpiṭṭhakaṃ gāhāpetvā suraṃ pivissāmi , mātugāmo dhuvasīlo nāma natthī’’ti āha. So ‘‘na sakkhissasī’’ti vatvā tena saddhiṃ sahassena abbhutamakāsi. So taṃ aññesaṃ suvaṇṇakārānaṃ ārocetvā punadivase pātova tāpasavesena susānaṃ pavisitvā tassā vasanaṭṭhānassa avidūre sūriyaṃ namassanto aṭṭhāsi.
讲述完毕后,于他日又复现前尘事例,称为‘见过’等语。其后次段叙述称:昔日于巴罗那城,有名为真苦净女婆罗门,曾建有盖以菩提树叶为顶的庙殿,于此处居住并超越四种饭食以供养之,犹如整个城镇的日月雨露普遍显现。住民对她尊敬称“南无真苦净女”。某金匠等于第七日聚会设坛,以鱼肉酒香作供,掀弃酒器仍称“南无真苦净女”。一智者嘲讽道:“唉,盲愚之人,妄称不定行女神,愚痴者啊。”其人答曰:“愚也,愿勿如此言,勿造地狱业。”且言:“我将在七日内饮酒处安置酒坛坐,尊奉此神,名叫正行女。”对方断言不可,彼人集千人竟行此事。次日进庙顶礼,立于其处遥拜日光。
Sā bhikkhāya gacchamānā naṃ disvā – ‘‘mahiddhiko tāpaso bhavissati, ahaṃ tāva susānapasse vasāmi, ayaṃ majjhe susānassa vasati, bhavitabbamassabbhantare santadhammena, vandissāmi na’’nti upasaṅkamitvā vandi. So neva olokesi na ālapi. Dutiyadivasepi tatheva akāsi. Tatiyadivase pana vanditakāle adhomukhova ‘‘gacchāhī’’ti āha. Catutthadivase ‘‘kacci bhikkhāya na kilamasī’’ti paṭisanthāramakāsi. Sā ‘‘paṭisanthāro me laddho’’ti tuṭṭhā pakkāmi. Pañcamadivase bahutaraṃ paṭisanthāraṃ labhitvā thokaṃ nisīditvā gatā. Chaṭṭhe divase pana taṃ āgantvā vanditvā nisinnaṃ – ‘‘bhagini, kiṃ nu kho ajja bārāṇasiyaṃ mahāgītavāditasaddo’’ti vatvā – ‘‘ayya, tumhe na jānātha, nagare chaṇo ghuṭṭho, tattha kīḷantānaṃ esa saddo’’ti vutte – ‘‘ettha nāmeso saddo’’ti ajānanto viya hutvā – ‘‘bhagini, kati bhattāni atikkamesī’’ti pucchi. ‘‘Cattāri, ayya, tumhe pana kati atikkamethā’’ti? ‘‘Satta bhaginī’’ti. Idaṃ so musā abhāsi. Devasikaṃ hesa rattiṃ bhuñjati. So taṃ ‘‘kati te bhagini vassāni pabbajitāyā’’ti pucchitvā tāya ‘‘dvādasa vassānī’’ti vatvā ‘‘tumhākaṃ kati vassānī’’ti vutto ‘‘idaṃ me chaṭṭhaṃ vassa’’nti āha. Atha naṃ ‘‘atthi pana te bhagini santadhammādhigamo’’ti pucchitvā ‘‘natthi, ayya, tumhākaṃ pana atthī’’ti vutte ‘‘mayhampi natthī’’ti vatvā – ‘‘bhagini, mayaṃ neva kāmasukhaṃ labhāma, na nekkhammasukhaṃ, kiṃ amhākaṃyeva uṇho nirayo, mahājanassa kiriyaṃ karoma, ahaṃ gihī bhavissāmi, atthi me mātu santakaṃ dhanaṃ, na sakkomi dukkhaṃ anubhavitu’’nti āha. Sā tassa vacanaṃ sutvā attano calacittatāya tasmiṃ paṭibaddhacittā hutvā – ‘‘ayya, ahampi ukkaṇṭhitā, sace pana maṃ na chaḍḍessatha, ahampi gihinī bhavissāmī’’ti āha. Atha naṃ so ‘‘ehi taṃ na chaḍḍessāmi, bhariyā me bhavissasī’’ti taṃ nagaraṃ pavesetvā saṃvasitvā surāpānamaṇḍapaṃ gantvā tāya surāpiṭṭhakaṃ gāhāpetvā suraṃ pivi. Itaro sahassaṃ jito. Sā taṃ paṭicca puttadhītāhi vaḍḍhi. Tadā kuṇālo surādhuttako ahosi. Tasmā attanā diṭṭhaṃ pakāsento ‘‘diṭṭhā mayā’’tiādimāha.
女侍见此男子言:“贤者必成止苦者,吾将居此庙区,乃中间居士,宜当一切和顺,吾当敬礼。”男子不回视亦不交谈。次日亦如是待。第三日女侍行礼时其言低首称:“去吧。”第四日女侍问道:“尊者当无许多妨碍?”女子答:“已得准许,现当启行。”第五日得数许准许,安坐离去。第六日他来见女侍问:“姐,今巴罗那城歌乐喧哗为何?”女子答曰:“尊者不知么?城中斗殴酒醉,所以噪声。”男子不知称呼误曰:“姐,过了几饭?”女子答四饭。男子问:“尔等在此超越几饭?”答曰七饭。他心生谎语,于天夜里享食。男子问:“尊者出家几年?”答十二年,问:“尔家年数?”答六年。男子问:“尔有正法顿悟乎?”女子答无,且曰:“我辈未得欲乐,亦无出家乐,若如是,彼此如地狱之苦,我当为俗人,有母有田财,不能受苦。”女子听此,心烦意乱起誓:“尊者,若不弃我,我亦为妻。”男子曰:“来吧,我不弃尔,尔当为妾。”入城游荡,饮酒供坛。彼受子女共养,生为游手好闲者。时有酒徒痛骂他,自称已观所见而说:“这是我所见。”
Tatiyavatthusmiṃ atītakathā catukkanipāte kākavatījātakavaṇṇanāyaṃ (jā. aṭṭha. 3.4.kākavatījātakavaṇṇanā) vitthāritā. Tadā pana kuṇālo garuḷo ahosi. Tasmā attanā diṭṭhaṃ pakāsento ‘‘diṭṭhā mayā’’tiādimāha.
第三段记述的旧事出自四部集,系鸠鹫母故事(《鸠鹫母本生经》第3卷之4节)。当时酷拿罗变成迦楼罗,自言“这是我所见”,自揭事实。
Catutthavatthusmiṃ atīte brahmadatto kosalarājānaṃ vadhitvā rajjaṃ gahetvā tassa aggamahesiṃ gabbhiniṃ ādāya bārāṇasiṃ paccāgantvā tassā gabbhinibhāvaṃ jānantopi taṃ aggamahesiṃ akāsi. Sā paripakkagabbhā suvaṇṇarūpakasadisaṃ puttaṃ vijāyitvā – ‘‘vuddhippattampi naṃ bārāṇasirājā ‘esa me paccāmittassa putto, kiṃ iminā’ti mārāpessati, mā me putto parahatthe maratū’’ti cintetvā dhātiṃ āha – ‘‘amma, imaṃ dārakaṃ pilotikaṃ attharitvā āmakasusāne nipajjāpetvā ehī’’ti. Dhātī tathā katvā nhatvā paccāgami. Kosalarājāpi maritvā puttassa ārakkhadevatā hutvā nibbatti. Tassānubhāvena ekassa eḷakapālakassa tasmiṃ padese eḷake cārentassa ekā eḷikā taṃ kumāraṃ disvā sinehaṃ uppādetvā khīraṃ pāyetvā thokaṃ caritvā puna gantvā dve tayo cattāro vāre pāyesi. Eḷakapālako tassā kiriyaṃ disvā taṃ ṭhānaṃ gantvā taṃ dārakaṃ disvā puttasinehaṃ paccupaṭṭhapetvā netvā attano bhariyāya adāsi. Sā pana aputtikā, tenassā thaññaṃ natthi, atha naṃ eḷikakhīrameva pāyesi. Tato paṭṭhāya pana devasikaṃ dve tisso eḷikā maranti. Eḷakapālo – ‘‘imasmiṃ paṭijaggiyamāne sabbā eḷikā marissanti, kiṃ no iminā’’ti taṃ ekasmiṃ mattikābhājane nipajjāpetvā aparena pidahitvā māsacuṇṇena mukhaṃ nibbivaraṃ vilimpitvā nadiyaṃ vissajjesi. Tamenaṃ vuyhamānaṃ heṭṭhātitthe rājanivesane jiṇṇapaṭisaṅkhārako eko caṇḍālo sapajāpatiko makaciṃ dhovanto disvāva vegena gantvā āharitvā tīre ṭhapetvā ‘‘kimetthā’’ti vivaritvā olokento dārakaṃ passi. Bhariyāpissa aputtikā, tassā tasmiṃ puttasineho nibbatti, atha naṃ gehaṃ netvā paṭijaggi. Taṃ sattaṭṭhavassakālato paṭṭhāya mātāpitaro rājakulaṃ gacchantā ādāya gacchanti. Soḷasavassakālato pana paṭṭhāya sveva bahulaṃ gantvā jiṇṇapaṭisaṅkharaṇaṃ karoti.
第四段记述昔日婆罗门族长布拉马达执政索萨罗王国,杀害国王后夺权。其妻怀孕,知胎中有君王之象,忧虑夺权者会害其子,遂托靠护子神。子出生呈金色异常,其母忧惧可能被魔王杀害,决意弃婴河边。护子神见婴,怀爱哺乳陪护,再次哺乳时无他婴,护子神悲伤致死。王命官员前来捕获此幼孩。七岁时其父母携王族前来认亲。十六岁时仍常回故乡,从事年老之役事。
Rañño ca aggamahesiyā kuruṅgadevī nāma dhītā ahosi uttamarūpadharā. Sā tassa diṭṭhakālato paṭṭhāya tasmiṃ paṭibaddhacittā hutvā aññattha anabhiratā tassa kammakaraṇaṭṭhānameva āgacchati. Tesaṃ abhiṇhadassanena aññamaññaṃ paṭibaddhacittānaṃ antorājakuleyeva paṭicchannokāse ajjhācāro pavatti. Gacchante kāle paricārikāyo ñatvā rañño ārocesuṃ. Rājā kujjhitvā amacce sannipātetvā – ‘‘iminā caṇḍālaputtena idaṃ nāma kataṃ, imassa kattabbaṃ jānāthā’’ti āha. Amaccā ‘‘mahāparādho esa, nānāvidhakammakāraṇā kāretvā pacchā māretuṃ vaṭṭatī’’ti vadiṃsu. Tasmiṃ khaṇe kumārassa pitā ārakkhadevatā tasseva kumārassa mātu sarīre adhimucci. Sā devatānubhāvena rājānaṃ upasaṅkamitvā āha – ‘‘mahārāja, nāyaṃ kumāro caṇḍālo, esa kumāro mama kucchimhi nibbatto kosalarañño putto, ahaṃ ‘putto me mato’ti tumhākaṃ musā avacaṃ, ahametaṃ ‘tumhākaṃ paccāmittassa putto’ti dhātiyā datvā āmakasusāne chaḍḍāpesiṃ, atha naṃ eko eḷakapālako paṭijaggi, so attano eḷikāsu marantīsu nadiyā pavāhesi, atha naṃ vuyhamānaṃ tumhākaṃ gehe jiṇṇapaṭisaṅkhārako caṇḍālo disvā posesi, sace na saddahatha, te sabbe pakkosāpetvā pucchathā’’ti.
该段述其父亲戈鲁吒陀王,为索萨罗国主,杀死国王夺位。其女库莲伽得容貌秀美。她抛弃他处事,专注于此次业缘。彼此心照不宣于皇宫内暗行梭巡。王忧愁召致群臣,责备道:“此名为强盗之子所为何事,当知其责任。”群臣议曰:“此大罪,因多种恶业而致惨死。”随后护子神附入该儿童母身。神示王者:“大王,此婴非强盗子,是贵王所亲生子,我曾谎称非尔之子,现改正,以菩提树叶为舍弃。曾有护子神逝世,遗婴被所养,如若不信,众人来问。”
Rājā dhātiṃ ādiṃ katvā sabbe pakkosāpetvā pucchitvā tatheva taṃ pavattiṃ sutvā ‘‘jātisampannoyaṃ kumāro’’ti tuṭṭho taṃ nhāpetvā alaṅkārāpetvā tasseva dhītaraṃ adāsi. Tassa pana eḷikānaṃ māritattā ‘‘eḷikakumāro’’ti nāmaṃ akaṃsu. Athassa rājā sasenavāhanaṃ datvā – ‘‘gaccha attano pitu santakaṃ rajjaṃ gaṇhā’’ti taṃ uyyojesi. Sopi kuruṅgadeviṃ ādāya gantvā rajje patiṭṭhāsi. Athassa bārāṇasirājā ‘‘anuggahitasippo aya’’nti sippasikkhāpanatthaṃ chaḷaṅgakumāraṃ nāma ācariyaṃ pesesi. So tassa ‘‘ācariyo me’’ti senāpatiṭṭhānaṃ adāsi. Aparabhāge kuruṅgadevī tena saddhiṃ anācāramakāsi. Senāpatinopi paricārako dhanantevāsī nāma atthi. So tassa hatthe kuruṅgadeviyā vatthālaṅkārādīni pesesi. Sā tenapi saddhiṃ pāpamakāsi. Kuṇālo taṃ kāraṇaṃ āharitvā dassento ‘‘diṭṭhā mayā’’tiādimāha.
国王筹划疆土开端,遍访诸地,探问详情,听闻子嗣出生之事后,满意欢喜,为其沐浴梳洗、装饰华丽,并亲自将女儿赐予该子。因当地生境恶劣,人称其为『恶劣之子』。随后国王赐予军辎重车,命其前往父亲继承的王国,亲自派遣他赴任。他随后携猕猴仙女前往,安顿于王国。之后巴拉那西国王派遣名为查朗王子的军士成为其师,教导技艺。该导师授予其军队统帅的地位。猕猴仙女与其共同作恶。该统帅身边有名为财主维萨的侍者,送上猕猴仙女的袍服等,猕猴仙女亦与之同谋作恶。库那罗对此原因进行调查后说:“我亲眼所见。”
Tattha lomasuddarīti lomarājiyā maṇḍitaudarā. Chaḷaṅgakumāradhanantevāsināti eḷikakumārakaṃ patthayamānāpi chaḷaṅgakumārasenāpatinā ca tasseva paricārakena dhanantevāsinā ca saddhiṃ pāpamakāsi. Evaṃ anācārā itthiyo dussīlā pāpadhammā, tenāhaṃ tā nappasaṃsāmīti idaṃ mahāsatto atītaṃ āharitvā dassesi. So hi tadā chaḷaṅgakumāro ahosi, tasmā attanā diṭṭhakāraṇaṃ āhari.
其中称为“毛发光洁无瑕”的,是对头发华丽的描述。查朗王子、军队统帅维萨与侍者财主维萨同恶行恶作。诸如此类不端行为,在女性中尤以道德败坏、恶行多端而著称,因此大师说:“为此我不敢赞同。”这段叙述的是过去发生之事。因那时正是查朗王子之时,因此他以自身所见为根据说明此事。
Pañcamavatthusmimpi atīte kosalarājā bārāṇasirajjaṃ gahetvā bārāṇasirañño aggamahesiṃ gabbhinimpi aggamahesiṃ katvā sakanagarameva gato . Sā aparabhāge puttaṃ vijāyi. Rājā aputtakattā taṃ puttasinehena posetvā sabbasippāni sikkhāpetvā vayappattaṃ ‘‘attano pitu santakaṃ rajjaṃ gaṇhā’’ti pesesi. So tattha gantvā rajjaṃ kāresi. Athassa mātā ‘‘puttaṃ passitukāmāmhī’’ti kosalarājānaṃ āpucchitvā mahāparivārā bārāṇasiṃ gacchantī dvinnaṃ raṭṭhānaṃ antare ekasmiṃ nigame nivāsaṃ gaṇhi. Tattheveko pañcālacaṇḍo nāma brāhmaṇakumāro atthi abhirūpo. So tassā paṇṇākāraṃ upanāmesi. Sā taṃ disvā paṭibaddhacittā tena saddhiṃ pāpakammaṃ katvā katipāhaṃ tattheva vītināmetvā bārāṇasiṃ gantvā puttaṃ disvā khippaṃ nivattitvā puna tasmiṃyeva nigame nivāsaṃ gahetvā katipāhaṃ tena saddhiṃ anācāraṃ caritvā kosalanagaraṃ gatā. Sā tato paṭṭhāya nacirasseva taṃ taṃ kāraṇaṃ vatvā ‘‘puttassa santikaṃ gacchāmī’’ti rājānaṃ āpucchitvā gacchantī ca āgacchantī ca tasmiṃ nigame aḍḍhamāsamattaṃ tena saddhiṃ anācāraṃ cari. Samma puṇṇamukha, itthiyo nāmetā dussīlā musāvādiniyoti idampi atītaṃ dassento mahāsatto ‘‘evañheta’’ntiādimāha.
在第五个故事中,过去时的迦萨国王,进入巴拉那西国王城池,成为那里的最高统治者,同时为其妻妊娠之事负责,去了某小镇。后来在没有儿子的情况下,国王以父亲的慈爱养育该子,并教导他各种技艺,年长时派他去继承他的父王境土。该子前往治理王国。其母因想见子,询问迦萨国王,率众前往巴拉那西,择一镇居住。镇中有一名美貌的婆罗门青年,名曰潘纳卡。她见此人,心生誓愿,与他同犯恶业,数月后逃离巴拉那西,回镇居住,与其同作恶行,后赴迦萨国。之后她密谋多事,数月间为由行恶而隐蔽不显。她告知国王:“我将往子处一见。”往返往子之地,在镇上以行不端之事度过近半月时光。大师言:“如此者正是”如是说。
Tattha brahmadattassa mātaranti bārāṇasirajjaṃ kārentassa brahmadattakumārassa mātaraṃ. Tadā kira kuṇālo pañcālacaṇḍo ahosi, tasmā taṃ attanā ñātakāraṇaṃ dassento evamāha.
这里提到婆罗门达塔之母为行使巴拉那西国王权力者,而库那罗正是那名潘纳卡。故大师指出其因亲属关系而知晓此事,说:“如是也。”
Etā cāti, samma puṇṇamukha, etāva pañca itthiyo pāpamakaṃsu, na aññāti saññaṃ mā kari, atha kho etā ca aññā ca bahū pāpakammakārikāti. Imasmiṃ ṭhāne ṭhatvā loke aticārinīnaṃ vatthūni kathetabbāni. Jagatīti yathā jagatisaṅkhātā mahī samānarattā paṭighābhāvena sabbesu samānarattā hutvā sā vasundharā itarītarāpatiṭṭhā uttamānañca adhamānañca patiṭṭhā hoti, tathā itthiyopi kilesavasena sabbesampi uttamādhamānaṃ patiṭṭhā honti. Itthiyo hi okāsaṃ labhamānā kenaci saddhiṃ pāpakaṃ karonti nāma. Sabbasahāti yathā ca sā sabbameva sahati na phandati na kuppati na calati, tathā itthiyo sabbepi purise lokassādavasena sahanti. Sace tāsaṃ koci puriso citte patiṭṭhito hoti, tassa rakkhaṇatthaṃ na phandanti na calanti na kolāhalaṃ karonti . Yathā ca sā na kuppati na calati, evaṃ itthiyopi methunadhammena na kuppanti na calanti, na sakkā tena pūretuṃ.
是也,净面者(指潘纳卡),这些女性共计五位皆行恶行,知悉者不为之意识。且众多此外亦多不善所作。此地当立论述于世上淫乱女性的品行,如同大地一般承受种种抵触与灾难,大地虽上承下载,喜怒哀乐皆显,呈现有高下分别之相。女性也随烦恼染污,在世间呈现优劣之现象。女子若同时集合,即共犯恶行。如大地承担一切,经得起而不动怒同理,女性亦承受男性的恶行不怒不动,唯有女性心生安稳,则男性为保障亦不发怒不扰动。如同不发怒不扰动,女性间夫妻谐和亦无争动,无法借此满足己欲。
Vāḷamigoti duṭṭhamigo. Pañcāvudhoti mukhassa ceva catunnañca caraṇānaṃ vasenetaṃ vuttaṃ. Suruddhoti suluddho supharuso. Tathitthiyoti yathā hi sīhassa mukhañceva cattāro ca hatthapādāti pañcāvudhāni, tathā itthīnampi rūpasaddagandharasaphoṭṭhabbāni pañcāvudhāni. Yathā so attano bhakkhaṃ gaṇhanto tehipi pañcahi gaṇhāti, tathā tāpi kilesabhakkhaṃ gaṇhamānā rūpādīhi āvudhehi paharitvā gaṇhanti. Yathā so kakkhaḷo pasayha khādati, evaṃ etāpi kakkhaḷā pasayha khādikā. Tathā hetā thirasīlepi purise attano balena pasayhakāraṃ katvā sīlavināsaṃ pāpenti. Yathā so parahiṃsane rato, evametāpi kilesavasena parahiṃsane ratā. Tāyoti tā evaṃ aguṇasammannāgatā na vissase naro.
“瓦拉米戈”意为坏野兽。所谓“五器”指口及四足之用法。据言,粗陋指粗鲁与恶劣。所谓“女性”如狮子头加四只手足共称五器。同理女子的五官诸方形态,如色、声、香、味、触五器具。人与食物计数五色,女子以五器形态谬行,根据这些器官护持染污恶行而聚集。正如蛙捕食蚊蝇,女子亦以恶行侵犯如不良野兽。由此因种种不善根性,损坏他人品行,行为破坏戒律。又如爱好他人恶行者,女子在烦恼中亦乐于害人。这个「她」指此类有恶德的女子,不可信赖于人。
Gamaniyoti gaṇikāyo. Idaṃ vuttaṃ hoti – samma puṇṇamukha, yānetāni itthīnaṃ ‘‘vesiyo’’tiādīni nāmāni, na etāni tāsaṃ sabhāvanāmāni. Na hetā vesiyo nāma gamaniyo nāma bandhakiyo nāma, sabhāvanāmato pana vadhikāyo nāma etāyo, yā etā vesiyo nāriyo gamaniyoti vuccanti. Vadhikāyoti sāmikaghātikāyo. Svāyamattho mahāhaṃsajātakena dīpetabbo. Vuttañhetaṃ –
「可往者」此语指妇女之通称。此言:「真正圆满无缺之面貌,驾驰所及之女,当名为『街女』等称呼,非其本来品性之名。『街女』非指可往者,『奴役者』非指羁绊者,本为真性之称者名为『鞭打者』,这些『街女』即为妇女,而所谓『鞭打者』即打主杀人者。此义应当依大天鹅本生故事详释。此意云:」
‘‘Māyā cetā marīcī ca, sokā rogā cupaddavā;
「幻术与迷惑,愁恼、疾病与各种灾害;
Kharā ca bandhanā cetā, maccupāsā guhāsayā;
艰难与羁绊,死亡的枷锁及隐匿之穴;
Tāsu yo vissase poso, so naresu narādhamo’’ti. (jā. 2.21.118);
若有人信赖这些保护,彼则称为诸人中最下贱者。」(本生经第二卷第二十一事,第118偈)
Veṇikatāti kataveṇiyo. Yathā hi moḷiṃ bandhitvā aṭaviyaṃ ṭhitacoro dhanaṃ vilumpati, evametāpi kilesavasaṃ netvā dhanaṃ vilumpanti. Madirāva diddhāti visamissakā surā viya. Yathā sā vikāraṃ dasseti, evametāpi aññesu purisesu sārattā kiccākiccaṃ ajānantiyo aññasmiṃ kattabbe aññameva karontiyo vikāraṃ dassenti. Vācāsanthutiyoti yathā vāṇijo attano bhaṇḍassa vaṇṇameva bhaṇati, evametāpi attano aguṇaṃ paṭicchādetvā guṇameva pakāsenti. Viparivattāyoti yathā issamigassa siṅgaṃ parivattitvā ṭhitaṃ, evaṃ lahucittatāya viparivattāyova honti. Uragamivāti urago viya musāvāditāya dujivhā nāma. Sobbhamivāti yathā padarapaṭicchanno gūthakūpo, evaṃ vatthālaṅkārapaṭicchannā hutvā vicaranti. Yathā ca kacavarehi paṭicchanno āvāṭo akkanto pādadukkhaṃ janeti, evametāpi vissāsena upaseviyamānā. Pātālamivāti yathā mahāsamudde pātālaṃ duppūraṃ, evametāpi methunena vijāyanena alaṅkārenāti tīhi duppūrā. Tenevāha – ‘‘tiṇṇaṃ, bhikkhave, dhammānaṃ atitto mātugāmo’’tiādi.
「管束」即拘缚之意。正如绑缚牢笼,山中盗匪窃取财物,如此,受烦恼蒙蔽者,亦如盗窃般抢夺财宝。酒以浊毒为饮,如醇酒生变故,众人中亦有聪明无知、彼此相异、相互为害者,显露各种变化。言语迎合者,如商人称自物之色泽,亦掩饰其短,彰显其长。反转者,如鹿角反转立起,以轻柔心态反转。若如蜥蜴言语,其谎言则有毒牙。彼等则以光彩装饰皮衣,如藏于器皿。又如驴子被捆角,脚疾痛苦,彼等依信心彼此侍奉。如大海之深渊,火毒难熄,夫妻之间有三种毒害。因此说:「三恶之法非此妇女之家。」
Rakkhasīviyāti yathā rakkhasī nāma maṃsagiddhatāya dhanena na sakkā tosetuṃ, bahumpi dhanaṃ paṭikkhipitvā maṃsameva pattheti, evametāpi methunagiddhatāya bahunāpi dhanena na tussanti, dhanaṃ agaṇetvā methunameva patthenti. Yamovāti yathā yamo ekantaharo na kiñci pariharati, evametāpi jātisampannādīsu na kañci pariharanti, sabbaṃ kilesavasena sīlādivināsaṃ pāpetvā dutiyacittavāre nirayaṃ upanenti. Sikhīrivāti yathā sikhī sucimpi asucimpi sabbaṃ bhakkhayati, tathetāpi hīnuttame sabbe sevanti. Nadīupamāyampi eseva nayo. Yenakā maṃcarāti bhummatthe karaṇavacanaṃ, yattha etāsaṃ kāmo hoti, tattheva dhāvanti. Nerūti himavati eko suvaṇṇapabbato, taṃ upagatā kākāpi suvaṇṇavaṇṇāva honti. Yathā so, evaṃ etāpi nibbisesakarā attānaṃ upagataṃ ekasadisaṃ katvā passanti.
保护之恶者,犹如恶魔般因贪恋肉食财富不得满足,纵有财富仍常处于饥馑,亦如有妇女好恋夫妻而不满多财,弃财专恋夫妻。严厉者如阎王独自收割,不留余物;众生于生死轮转中,沦堕无明,断失戒德,陷入恶趣地狱。食腐者如腐蚀吞噬纯净,众多低贱妇女同样侍奉彼等。比喻如江河流淌,众流聚汇。凡欲取者,皆趋其境。金山旁之乌鸦,亦披金色羽毛。正如此,诸业力缠绕者,自作自受,犹如亲近同类观之。」
Visarukkhoti ambasadiso kiṃpakkarukkho. So niccameva phalati, vaṇṇādisampanno ca hoti, tena naṃ nirāsaṅkā paribhuñjitvā maranti, evameva tāpi rūpādivasena niccaphalitā ramaṇīyā viya khāyanti. Seviyamānā pana pamādaṃ uppādetvā apāyesu pātenti. Tena vuttaṃ –
“凉树”者,乃指同时生长阴凉的乔木。此树常年结果,且具美丽色泽等诸相。因其如此,众生无疑惑可供养之,故不致死亡。然而,如此树木形状等常年结果,就如美丽动人般,终将腐朽消亡。正因如是,众生亦因懈怠,陷入堕落恶道。因此有说——
‘‘Āyatiṃ dosaṃ naññāya, yo kāme paṭisevati;
“未知未来之过患者,喜乐于欲乐;
Vipākante hananti naṃ, kiṃpakkamiva bhakkhita’’nti. (jā. 1.1.85);
及其果报现前,彼即为所伤,犹若被荆棘所刺。”(生经1.1.85)
Yathā vā visarukkho niccaphalito sadā anatthāvaho hoti, evametāpi sīlādivināsanavasena. Yathā visarukkhassa mūlampi tacopi pattampi pupphampi phalampi visamevāti niccaphalo, tatheva tāsaṃ rūpampi…pe… phoṭṭhabbampi visamevāti visarukkho viya niccaphalitāyoti.
犹如凉树常年结果,然始终无益用,故此为害;凉树的根、叶、枝、花、果皆如此,皆为无用之物。其形态及质地如是皆恶劣,故凉树常年结果但无益用。
‘‘Panuttaretthā’’ti gāthābandhena tamatthaṃ pākaṭaṃ kātuṃ evamāha. Tattha ratanantakaritthiyoti sāmikehi dukkhasambhatānaṃ ratanānaṃ antarāyakarā itthiyo etāni paresaṃ datvā anācāraṃ caranti.
又云“唯心出世”——此诗句用以明显阐明义理。彼处谓宝如积累宝石之女,此女给他人宝物而行不正行为,因诸宝而苦聚集,故于此说此。
Ito paraṃ nānappakārena attano dhammakathāvilāsaṃ dassento āha –
之后以不同角度彰显其自身法义妙趣,复有言曰——
‘‘Cattārimāni, samma puṇṇamukha, yāni vatthūni kicce jāte anatthacarāni bhavanti , tāni parakule na vāsetabbāni, goṇaṃ dhenuṃ yānaṃ bhariyā. Cattāri etāni paṇḍito dhanāni gharā na vippavāsaye. Bhavati ca panuttarettha vākyaṃ –
『四者,正当具足其义者,乃指在行动任务中生起的无益之物,彼等不应于外家中居住,即牛群、母牛、交通工具及妾。智者以为此四者既是财富,家舍不宜使之受损。此亦为释义所在,文中有此言——
§296
296.
‘Goṇaṃ dhenuñca yānañca, bhariyaṃ ñātikule na vāsaye;
“不得于亲族中放置牛群、母牛及交通工具与妾;
Bhañjanti rathaṃ ayānakā, ativāhena hananti puṅgavaṃ;
它们破坏战车与牵引工具,过度负载而伤害贵族;
Dohena hananti vacchakaṃ, bhariyā ñātikule padussatī’’’ti.
以乳汁杀死犊牛,妾妇亦于亲族中不贞洁。”
‘‘Cha imāni, samma puṇṇamukha, yāni vatthūni kicce jāte anatthacarāni bhavanti –
『此六者,正当具足其义者,乃指南行任务中生起的无益之物——
§297
297.
‘Aguṇaṃ dhanu ñātikule ca bhariyā, pāraṃ nāvā akkhabhaggañca yānaṃ;
‘无德者,亲属之家妇人,渡海的船只和载有工具的乘具,
Dūre mitto pāpasahāyako ca, kicce jāte anatthacarāni bhavantī’’’ti.
远方的朋友和恶劣的伙伴,工作中生起的无益行为’。”
‘‘Aṭṭhahi khalu, samma puṇṇamukha ṭhānehi itthī sāmikaṃ avajānāti – daliddatā, āturatā, jiṇṇatā, surāsoṇḍatā, muddhatā, pamattatā, sabbakiccesu anuvattanatā, sabbadhanaanuppadānena. Imehi khalu, samma puṇṇamukha, aṭṭhahi ṭhānehi itthī sāmikaṃ avajānāti. Bhavati ca panuttarettha vākyaṃ –
“诚然,在八处正成熟时,妇人轻视丈夫——贫困、疾病、衰老、酗酒、性欲亢盛、疏忽大意、从事一切恶行、以各种手段缺乏财富。这八处正成熟时,妇人便轻视丈夫。又以上句的更深义是——
§298
298.
‘‘‘Daliddaṃ āturañcāpi, jiṇṇakaṃ surasoṇḍakaṃ;
‘贫困者、病弱者、衰老者以及性欲亢盛者;
Pamattaṃ muddhapattañca, sabbakiccesu hāpanaṃ;
『懈怠』者,谓心迷惑懒惰,诸事皆不振作。
Sabbakāmappadānena, avajānāti sāmika’’’nti.
『一切欲望之所引发』者,即由此轻慢庄主。
‘‘Navahi khalu, samma puṇṇamukha ṭhānehi itthī padosamāharati – ārāmagamanasīlā ca hoti, uyyānagamanasīlā ca hoti, nadītitthagamanasīlā ca hoti, ñātikulagamanasīlā ca hoti, parakulagamanasīlā ca hoti, ādāsadussamaṇḍanānuyogamanuyuttasīlā ca hoti, majjapāyinī ca hoti, nillokanasīlā ca hoti, sadvāraṭṭhāyinī ca hoti. Imehi khalu, samma puṇṇamukha, navahi ṭhānehi itthī padosamāharati. Bhavati ca panuttarettha vākyaṃ –
『女子以九种善美之地,导致淫欲生起──其有道场之德,有园林之德,有江河渡口之德,有亲族之家之德,有外族之家之德,有依据杂乱盘旋之地之德,有入中水之德,有观望不去之德,有善门所居之德。』此等九处,女子不善之心生于正满之处。对此,以下有语:
§299
299.
‘Ārāmasīlā ca uyyānaṃ, nadī ñāti parakulaṃ;
『道场道德与园林,江河亲族及他族,
Ādāsadussamaṇḍanamanuyuttā, yā citthī majjapāyinī.
依据杂乱盘旋,女子入中水行。』
§300
300.
‘‘‘Yā ca nillokanasīlā, yā ca sadvāraṭhāyinī;
「或有不守视觉之德,或有善于遮蔽开门,
Navahetehi ṭhānehi, padosamāharanti itthiyo’’’ti.
以九处所在,引使妇女讥讽男子。」
‘‘Cattālīsāya khalu, samma puṇṇamukha, ṭhānehi itthī purisaṃ accācarati – vijambhati, vinamati, vilasati, vilajjati, nakhena nakhaṃ ghaṭṭeti, pādena pādaṃ akkamati, kaṭṭhena pathaviṃ vilikhati, dārakaṃ ullaṅghati ullaṅghāpeti , kīḷati kīḷāpeti, cumbati cumbāpeti, bhuñjati bhuñjāpeti, dadāti, yācati, katamanukaroti, uccaṃ bhāsati, nīcaṃ bhāsati, aviccaṃ bhāsati, viviccaṃ bhāsati, naccena gītena vāditena rodanena vilasitena vibhūsitena jagghati, pekkhati, kaṭiṃ cāleti, guyhabhaṇḍakaṃ sañcāleti, ūruṃ vivarati, ūruṃ pidahati, thanaṃ dasseti, kacchaṃ dasseti, nābhiṃ dasseti, akkhiṃ nikhanati, bhamukaṃ ukkhipati, oṭṭhaṃ upalikhati, jivhaṃ nillāleti, dussaṃ muñcati, dussaṃ paṭibandhati, sirasaṃ muñcati, sirasaṃ bandhati. Imehi khalu, samma puṇṇamukha, cattālīsāya ṭhānehi itthī purisaṃ accācarati.
「确有四十四处,称为正满口处,妇女能借此处,或嬉戏,或羞辱,或美饰,或惭愧,或用指甲击打指甲,以足践踏足,以手指划地,跨越儿童,玩弄之,亲吻之,进食之,给予,乞求,施与 Cp.以何种方式,或高声言语,低声言语,不清晰言语,分辨言语,以舞蹈、歌唱、奏乐、哭泣、装饰样式等加以衬托,触击,观察,摇摆腰部,转移秘密财物,松开大腿,捏紧大腿,显露基地,显露阴部,显露肚脐,挑剔眼睛,挑逗胡须,张嘴抹抹嘴,伸舌露齿,发出污言秽语,束缚污言秽语,摘下头发,束缚头发。正是凭借此等四十四处,妇女能戏弄男子。」
‘‘Pañcavīsāya khalu, samma puṇṇamukha, ṭhānehi itthī paduṭṭhā veditabbā bhavati – sāmikassa pavāsaṃ vaṇṇeti, pavuṭṭhaṃ na sarati, āgataṃ nābhinandati, avaṇṇaṃ tassa bhaṇati, vaṇṇaṃ tassa na bhaṇati, anatthaṃ tassa carati, atthaṃ tassa na carati, akiccaṃ tassa karoti, kiccaṃ tassa na karoti, paridahitvā sayati, parammukhī nipajjati, parivattakajātā kho pana hoti kuṅkumiyajātā, dīghaṃ assasati, dukkhaṃ vedayati, uccārapassāvaṃ abhiṇhaṃ gacchati, vilomamācarati, parapurisasaddaṃ sutvā kaṇṇasotaṃ vivaramodahati, nihatabhogā kho pana hoti, paṭivissakehi santhavaṃ karoti, nikkhantapādā kho pana hoti visikhānucārinī, aticārinī kho pana hoti niccaṃ sāmike agāravā paduṭṭhamanasaṅkappā, abhiṇhaṃ dvāre tiṭṭhati, kacchāni aṅgāni thanāni dasseti, disodisaṃ gantvā pekkhati. Imehi khalu samma puṇṇamukha, pañcavīsāya ṭhānehi itthī paduṭṭhā veditabbā bhavati. Bhavati ca panuttarettha vākyaṃ –
「亦有二十五处,称为正满口处妇女恶劣之处,须当察知——嗅闻主人气息,谓之好闻则不散,来者不喜,发恶声,不发好声,于她行无益,于她不行有益,作无用事,不作用事,烧毁躺卧,面向他方,或变为朱红色,长时间喘息,感受痛苦,反复呕吐唾液,行逆反行为,闻异性之声则耳目欢喜,生性好杀,与前夫调和,会行脱鞋,持续扰乱主,常对主人生不敬与恶意,永远立于门口,展示腰、肢、基地,向东方走去观看。正是凭借这些二十五处,正满口之妇女被察知为恶劣。此处有更上语句——
§301
301.
三百零一。
‘Pavāsaṃ tassa vaṇṇeti, gataṃ tassa na socati;
「『其色泽漂浮不定,』此者谓其色泽如水波荡漾,变化无常;『其死已无哀伤,』意指其死后不显哀悼悲伤,心不纷乱。
Disvāna patimāgataṃ nābhinandati, bhattāravaṇṇaṃ na kadāci bhāsati;
『见其主人之死不生欢喜,』即见主人去世无喜无乐之心;『亦绝不曾称扬主之美德,』意谓从未说论主人贤良之德行。
Ete paduṭṭhāya bhavanti lakkhaṇā.
此等皆为恶劣的相状特征,故称之为不善现象。
§302
302.
三百零二。
‘Anatthaṃ tassa carati asaññatā, atthañca hāpeti akiccakārinī;
『其行为无益且无觉察,』意谓此人所行之事无利益且无自悟;『且废止利益之事,』说明其忽弃本应做的善事或正业,行为无益。
Paridahitvā sayati parammukhī, ete paduṭṭhāya bhavanti lakkhaṇā.
『漠然卧于一侧,』即冷漠地侧身而卧;此等皆为恶劣的相状特征,故称之为不善现象。
§303
303.
三百零三。
‘Parivattajātā ca bhavati kuṅkumī, dīghañca assasati dukkhavedinī;
「转动变化之色成赤红色,并且呼气久长而感苦;
Uccārapassāvamabhiṇhaṃ gacchati, ete paduṭṭhāya bhavanti lakkhaṇā.
其发声嘘嘘而且含糊不清,这些都是恶行者所具有的特征。」
§304
304.
三百零四。
‘Vilomamācarati akiccakārinī, saddaṃ nisāmeti parassa bhāsato;
「行事反常而懒惰怠惰,经常打断他人口舌之声;
Nihatabhogā ca karoti santhavaṃ, ete paduṭṭhāya bhavanti lakkhaṇā.
并且无益地取用他人财物,这些都是恶行者所具有的特征。」
§305
305.
‘Kicchena laddhaṃ kasirābhataṃ dhanaṃ, vittaṃ vināseti dukkhena sambhataṃ;
「以艰难所得、渐少消减的财富,因苦难生起而灭失的资财;
Paṭivissakehi ca karoti santhavaṃ, ete paduṭṭhāya bhavanti lakkhaṇā.
并且还用反复失信等行为来作害;这些便是下劣的征相。」
§306
306.
‘Nikkhantapādā visikhānucārinī, niccañca sāmimhi paduṭṭhamānasā;
「以裸露足迹追随粪便,常聚集奸邪之心,
Aticārinī hoti apetagāravā, ete paduṭṭhāya bhavanti lakkhaṇā.
行止放纵而无所畏惧;这些便是下劣的征相。」
§307
307.
‘Abhikkhaṇaṃ tiṭṭhati dvāramūle, thanāni kacchāni ca dassayantī;
『迅速地驻守于门户根基、所在之处以及守护之地;
Disodisaṃ pekkhati bhantacittā, ete paduṭṭhāya bhavanti lakkhaṇā.
内心明晰地观照四方,这些都是堕落者的特征。』
§308
308.
‘Sabbā nadī vaṅkagatī, sabbe kaṭṭhamayā vanā;
『所有河流皆曲折流动,所有树林皆被斩伐;
Sabbitthiyo kare pāpaṃ, labhamāne nivātake.
一切众生行恶,遭遇灾祸困苦。』
§309
309.
‘Sace labhetha khaṇaṃ vā raho vā, nivātakaṃ vāpi labhetha tādisaṃ;
『如果能获得片刻的隐秘之处,或获得风止静谧之地,
Sabbāva itthī kayiruṃ nu pāpaṃ, aññaṃ alattha pīṭhasappināpi saddhiṃ.
通常妇女必定兴风作浪作恶,即便是与别人打斗争执也总是在一起。』
§310
310.
‘Narānamārāmakarāsu nārisu, anekacittāsu aniggahāsu ca;
『在催促争执众人之中妇女,即心多纷乱且难以束缚者;
Sabbattha nāpītikarāpi ce siyā, na vissase titthasamā hi nāriyo’’’ti.
即使在任何地方没有令人生疑的行为,也不应信任那些妇女,因为她们与外道异教同类。』
Tattha goṇaṃ dhenunti liṅgavipallāsena vuttaṃ. Ñātikule padussatīti tattha sā nibbhayā hutvā taruṇakālato paṭṭhāya vissāsakehi dāsādīhipi saddhiṃ anācāraṃ carati, ñātakā ñatvāpi niggahaṃ na karonti, attano akittiṃ pariharamānā ajānantā viya honti. Anatthacarānīti acaritabbāni atthāni, akiccakārānīti attho. Aguṇanti jiyārahitaṃ. Pāpasahāyakoti dummitto.
此处称仆人群为畜牧妇女,谓其行为为离别符号的颠倒。亲戚家中人若堕落,乃至失去畏惧,自青春时期起,弃绝信赖,与仆人等奉行不正行为。即便亲属知晓,也不加牵制,反而如同无知者,自损名誉。所谓不善行为,即不可为之之事;所谓无益者,即不得人为之义。所谓无德者,即生命无所依托。所谓恶助者,即最为憎恶者。
Daliddatāti daliddatāya. Sesapadesupi eseva nayo. Tattha daliddo alaṅkārādīnaṃ abhāvato kilesena saṅgaṇhituṃ na sakkotīti taṃ avajānāti. Gilāno vatthukāmakilesakāmehi saṅgaṇhituṃ na sakkoti. Jarājiṇṇo kāyikavācasikakhiḍḍāratisamattho na hoti. Surāsoṇḍo tassā hatthapiḷandhanādīnipi surāgharaññeva paveseti. Muddho andhabālo ratikusalo na hoti. Pamatto dāsisoṇḍo hutvā gharadāsīhi saddhiṃ saṃvasati, bhariyaṃ pana akkosati paribhāsati, tena naṃ avajānāti. Sabbakiccesu anuvattantaṃ ‘‘ayaṃ nittejo, mameva anuvattatī’’ti taṃ akkosati paribhāsati. Yo pana sabbaṃ dhanaṃ anuppadeti kuṭumbaṃ paṭicchāpeti, tassa bhariyā sabbaṃ dhanasāraṃ hatthe katvā taṃ dāsaṃ viya avajānāti, icchamānā ‘‘ko tayā attho’’ti gharatopi naṃ nikkaḍḍhati. Muddhapattanti muddhabhāvappattaṃ.
所谓贫困,是因贫困而名。于余词中亦同理。此处贫困者,因缺乏装饰等所引起的烦恼,无法聚集合适之缘故而被鄙弃。病患者因病体欲恶,难以聚集。老迈病弱者,身体与语言俱难忍受。酗酒嗜睡者,赌酒场所如入魔窟。愚昧无知者,缺少理智。懈怠者堕为仆人,与家中仆人同住,却斥责侮辱妻子,故而不被尊重。凡事皆吩咐执行者,自谓“此是主母,只遵从其命”,而出言斥责侮辱。凡将财产悉数施舍并养育家庭者,其妻握有所有财富如仆人,对其不理睬,内心生怨,家中无人理会。所谓愚昧本性,即愚昧本质。
Padosamāharatīti sāmike padosaṃ āharati dussati, pāpakammaṃ karotīti attho. Ārāmagamanasīlāti sāmikaṃ āpucchā vā anāpucchā vā abhiṇhaṃ pupphārāmādīsu aññataraṃ gantvā tattha anācāraṃ caritvā ‘‘ajja mayā ārāme rukkhadevatāya balikammaṃ kata’’ntiādīni vatvā bālasāmikaṃ saññāpeti. Paṇḍito pana ‘‘addhā esā tattha anācāraṃ caratī’’ti puna tassā gantuṃ na deti. Evaṃ sabbapadesupi attho veditabbo. Parakulanti sandiṭṭhasambhattādīnaṃ gehaṃ. Taṃ sā ‘‘asukakule me vaḍḍhi payojitā atthi, tāvakālikaṃ dinnakaṃ atthi, taṃ sādhemī’’tiādīni vatvā gacchati. Nillokanasīlāti vātapānantarādīhi olokanasīlā. Sadvāraṭṭhāyinīti attano aṅgapaccaṅgāni dassentī sadvāre tiṭṭhati.
所谓召来恶意,即将恶意带入家中并滋生,做恶事。所谓归依寺院行为,即问家主或不问,自行前往花园寺院等处,行为不端,自称“今日我在寺院为树神做了祭祀”等,故被视为愚昧家主。智者则谓“她在那里所为是不当行为”,不再允许其前去。诸处皆当以此义理解。所谓恶邻,即相互观察仇视的邻居。女子谓“我在奴隶家族中有依靠,有暂住处,我愿往彼处”,然后前往。所谓不观照行为,即因风声雨声等不善音响所引起的无视察心。所谓守好门口者,谓呈示自身肢体于门口。
Accācaratīti atikkamma carati, sāmikassa santike ṭhitāva aññassa nimittaṃ dassetīti attho. Vijambhatīti ‘‘ahaṃ taṃ disvā vijambhissāmi, tāya saññāya okāsassa atthibhāvaṃ vā natthibhāvaṃ vā jāneyyāsī’’ti paṭhamameva katasaṅketā vā hutvā akatasaṅketā vāpi ‘‘evaṃ esa mayi bajjhissatī’’ti sāmikassa passe ṭhitāva vijambhati vijambhanaṃ dasseti. Vinamatīti kiñcideva bhūmiyaṃ pātetvā taṃ ukkhipantī viya onamitvā piṭṭhiṃ dasseti. Vilasatīti gamanādīhi vā iriyāpathehi alaṅkārena vā vilāsaṃ dasseti. Vilajjatīti lajjantī viya vatthena sarīraṃ chādeti, kavāṭaṃ vā bhittiṃ vā allīyati. Nakhenāti pādanakhena pādanakhaṃ, hatthanakhena hatthanakhaṃ ghaṭṭeti. Kaṭṭhenāti daṇḍakena. Dārakanti attano vā puttaṃ aññassa vā puttaṃ gahetvā ukkhipati vā ukkhipāpeti vā. Kīḷatīti sayaṃ vā kīḷati, dārakaṃ vā kīḷāpeti. Cumbanādīsupi eseva nayo. Dadātīti tassa kiñcideva phalaṃ vā pupphaṃ vā deti. Yācatīti tameva paṭiyācati. Anukarotīti dārakena kataṃ kataṃ anukaroti. Uccanti mahāsaddavasena vā thomanavasena vā uccaṃ. Nīcanti mandasaddavasena vā amanāpavacanena vā paribhavavacanena vā nīcaṃ. Aviccanti bahujanamajjhe appaṭicchannaṃ. Viviccanti raho paṭicchannaṃ. Naccenāti etehi naccādīhi nimittaṃ karoti. Tattha roditena nimittakaraṇena rattiṃ deve vassante vātapānena hatthiṃ āropetvā seṭṭhiputtena nītāya purohitabrāhmaṇiyā vatthu kathetabbaṃ. Jagghatīti mahāhasitaṃ hasati, evampi nimittaṃ karoti . Kacchanti upakacchakaṃ. Upalikhatīti dantehi upalikhati. Sirasanti kesavaṭṭiṃ. Evaṃ kesānaṃ mocanabandhanehipi parapurisānaṃ nimittaṃ karoti, niyāmetvā vā aniyāmetvā vā kocideva sārajjissatītipi karotiyeva.
所谓越规行为,即逾越常度者,站在家主面前给他人做提示。所谓呈现行为,即“我见彼时将指示,以此观照确定宜或不宜乎”,刚开始时或行或不行,均向家主表现示意。所谓摇动,谓稍有屈身在地,似跳跃以示敬意。所谓艳丽,即在出行时用装饰展示。所谓羞怯,即像害羞般用衣物遮蔽身体,遮拦门户或墙壁。所谓以趾甲、指甲等抓挠。所谓用杖打。所谓揪孩,即抓己子或他人之子,揪拽或被揪。所谓戏耍,即自己玩耍或让孩童玩耍。所谓亲吻等诸如行为相同。所谓给与,即给予某物如果实或花朵。所谓请求,即向某人请求。所谓模仿,即效仿他人所为。所谓高声,即用高声大吼或呼喊。所谓低声,即用轻声细语或轻蔑之语。所谓不明者,即在众人中少所露露。所谓隐蔽者,即暗中、隐秘。所谓跳舞,即以跳舞等相关事作为标志。此类行为,如哭泣以示其故,供给天神时,夜间遇风雨时,抱象等事由世主随从婆罗门恳求可讲。所谓大笑,即开怀大笑,也以此为标志。所谓冷嘲热讽。所谓用牙齿标记称呼。所谓梳理发髻。此等梳发之举,亦作他人之表记,或经约束或无约束,总有其体现。
Paduṭṭhā veditabbā bhavatīti ayaṃ mayi paduṭṭhā kuddhā, kujjhitvā ca pana micchācāraṃ caratīti paṇḍitena veditabbā bhavati. Pavāsanti ‘‘asukagāme payuttaṃ dhanaṃ nassati, gaccha taṃ sādhehi, vohāraṃ karohī’’tiādīni vatvā tasmiṃ gate anācāraṃ caritukāmā pavāsaṃ vaṇṇeti. Anatthanti avaḍḍhiṃ. Akiccanti akattabbayuttakaṃ. Paridahitvāti gāḷhaṃ nivāsetvā. Parivattakajātāti ito cito ca parivattamānā. Kuṅkumiyajātāti kolāhalajātā pādamūle nipannā paricārikā uṭṭhāpeti, dīpaṃ jālāpeti, nānappakāraṃ kolāhalaṃ karoti, tassa kilesaratiṃ nāseti. Dukkhaṃ vedayatīti sīsaṃ me rujjatītiādīni vadati. Vilomamācaratīti āhāraṃ sītalaṃ icchantassa uṇhaṃ detītiādīnaṃ vasena paccanīkavutti hoti. Nihatabhogāti sāmikena dukkhasambhatānaṃ bhogānaṃ surālolatādīhi vināsikā. Santhavanti kilesavasena santhavaṃ karoti. Nikkhantapādāti jārassa upadhāraṇatthāya nikkhantapādā. Sāmiketi patimhi agāravena ca paduṭṭhamānasāya ca aticārinī hoti.
所谓坏事乃应洞察,是谓此人内心恶劣,愤恨不平,故虽错乱而行不正。谓其曰“贫贱村落中财物损失,去彼处住,务改过”之类话,其意凡到此后皆愿行不正。所谓无益者,即无益无利之义。所谓无所作为者,即无应做之事。谓其严恨阻碍。所谓转变之境,即身心往返变化之场所。谓其红粉涂抹,扰乱声响,拾起侍女等,点灯燃火,制造喧闹,驱散烦恼。谓其表达苦楚,如头痛等言语。谓违逆行为,即将凉食反递热者,如此应对。谓与主共受痛苦饮酒等之享乐。谓以染污习气致恶习。所谓老去之足,谓为老弱所需处所。所谓家主,谓配偶之不敬与过失。
Sabbitthiyoti ṭhapetvā vipassanāya tanukatakilesā sesā sabbā itthiyo pāpaṃ kareyyuṃ. Labhamāneti labbhamāne, saṃvijjamāneti attho. Nivātaketi rahomantanake paribhedake. Khaṇaṃ vā rahovāti pāpakaraṇatthāya okāsaṃ vā paṭicchannaṭṭhānaṃ vā. Kayiruṃ nūti ettha nū-ti nipātamattaṃ. Alatthāti aladdhā. Ayameva vā pāṭho, aññaṃ sampannapurisaṃ alabhitvā pīṭhasappināpi tato paṭikkūlatarenāpi pāpaṃ kareyyuṃ. Ārāmakarāsūti abhiratikārikāsu. Aniggahāsūti niggahena vinetuṃ asakkuṇeyyāsu. Titthasamāti yathā titthaṃ uttamādhamesu na kañci nhāyantaṃ vāreti, tathā etāpi raho vā khaṇe vā nivātake vā sati na kañci paṭikkhipanti.
所谓普遍而言,谓以远见除去轻微烦恼,遗余烦恼皆令女性作恶。所谓取获,谓得时。谓相关,义也。所谓密闭,谓密闭阴影等阻隔。谓瞬间或隐匿,为作恶时之躲避处或隐蔽所。谓“nū”字,此处为语尾单词。谓未得者。谓此亦为语法段落,一旦得持贤者,以高座披袈裟出入,则恐从背面而行,故亦作恶行。所谓寺院仆役,谓在寺中无法驯服者。谓异教徒,若于上中下坛场无人洗浴清洁,亦如是。如此即使处于密闭处,亦无人加以排斥。
Tathā hi atīte bārāṇasiyaṃ kaṇḍarī nāma rājā ahosi uttamarūpadharo. Tassa devasikaṃ amaccā gandhakaraṇḍakasahassaṃ āharanti. Tenassa nivesane paribhaṇḍaṃ katvā gandhakaraṇḍake phāletvā gandhadārūni katvā āhāraṃ pacanti. Bhariyāpissa abhirūpā ahosi nāmena kinnarā nāma. Purohitopissa samavayo pañcālacaṇḍo nāma buddhisampanno ahosi. Rañño pana pāsādaṃ nissāya antopākāre jamburukkho nibbatti, tassa sākhā pākāramatthake olambati. Tassa chāyāya jeguccho dussaṇṭhāno pīṭhasappī vasati. Athekadivasaṃ kinnarā devī vātapānena olokentī taṃ ditvā paṭibaddhacittā hutvā rattiṃ rājānaṃ ratiyā saṅgaṇhitvā tasmiṃ niddaṃ okkante saṇikaṃ uṭṭhāyāsanā nānaggarasabhojanaṃ suvaṇṇasarake pakkhipitvā ucchaṅge katvā sāṭakarajjuyā vātapānena otaritvā jambuṃ āruyha sākhāya oruyha pīṭhasappiṃ bhojetvā pāpaṃ katvā āgatamaggeneva pāsādaṃ āruyha gandhehi sarīraṃ ubbaṭṭetvā raññā saddhiṃ nipajji. Etenupāyena nibaddhaṃ tena saddhiṃ pāpaṃ karoti. Rājā pana na jānāti.
过去,在巴拉那西有一位名为坎达利的国王,容貌极为美丽。他有一座为神众准备的宫殿,内置千只香炉。国王在宫中设有炊事区,放置香炉,点燃香料烹煮粮食。他的妻子美貌绝伦,名为琴娜拉。她的祭司亲属名为潘查拉查多,智慧过人。国王的宫殿依靠一棵巨大的芳香树,树枝向防护栏上伸展。树荫下有一只旷野的野猪,睡在软垫上。某日,琴娜拉女神扶风饮水,目睹此景,心中怀有坚定之念。夜里,她暗中陪伴国王,共享欢愉,离开时将宫殿里的美味食物扔入河中,然后借助风力下树,登上芳香树枝,于软垫上饮食后行恶,继而悄无声息地返回宫殿。她以此方式与国王结缔联盟,行诸恶业。国王却全然不知。
So ekadivasaṃ nagaraṃ padakkhiṇaṃ katvā nivesanaṃ pavesanto jambuchāyāya sayitaṃ paramakāruññappattaṃ pīṭhasappiṃ disvā purohitaṃ āha – ‘‘passetaṃ manussapeta’’nti. ‘‘Āma, passāmi devā’’ti. ‘‘Api nu kho, samma, evarūpaṃ paṭikkūlaṃ kāci itthī chandarāgavasena upagaccheyyā’’ti. Taṃ kathaṃ sutvā pīṭhasappī mānaṃ janetvā ‘‘ayaṃ rājā kiṃ katheti, attano deviyā mama santikaṃ āgamanaṃ na jānāti maññe’’ti jamburukkhassa añjaliṃ paggahetvā ‘‘suṇa sāmi, jamburukkhe nibbattadevate, ṭhapetvā taṃ añño etaṃ kāraṇaṃ na jānātī’’ti āha. Purohito tassa kiriyaṃ disvā cintesi – ‘‘addhā rañño aggamahesī jamburukkhena gantvā iminā saddhiṃ pāpaṃ karotī’’ti. So rājānaṃ pucchi – ‘‘mahārāja, deviyā te rattibhāge sarīrasamphasso kīdiso hotī’’ti? ‘‘Samma, aññaṃ na passāmi, majjhimayāme panassā sarīraṃ sītalaṃ hotī’’ti. ‘‘Tena hi, deva, tiṭṭhatu aññā itthī, aggamahesī te kinnarādevī iminā saddhiṃ pāpaṃ karotī’’ti. ‘‘Samma, kiṃ vadesi, evarūpā paramavilāsasampannā kiṃ iminā paramajegucchena saddhiṃ abhiramissatī’’ti? ‘‘Tena hi naṃ, deva, pariggaṇhāhī’’ti.
有一天,国王绕城巡游,归入宫殿时看见软垫与祭司,便对祭司说:“请观看这人间的坐垫。”祭司回答:“是的,我看见了,天人们也见过。”国王又问:“难道真有女人因爱欲而亲近人类坐垫吗?”听后,软垫生起瞋恚,谓人说:“这国王不懂得对于他女神临近的实情。”它对巨树的神灵恭敬求告,言说事情原委,神灵因此忧虑。祭司见此情景思忖道:“必然这国王的贵妃依附巨树,与此软垫行恶。”祭司问国王:“陛下,今夜妇人来触身乎?”国王答:“不见他人,唯有中间的地方身体凉爽。”祭司言:“天人啊,应有另一妇人依附巨树,与此软垫结连行恶。”国王问:“说者你意何为?她岂不艳丽,怎会与这惹恼的野猪相亲?”祭司答:“天人啊,此言莫忘。”
So ‘‘sādhū’’ti rattiṃ bhuttasāyamāso tāya saddhiṃ nippajjitvā ‘‘pariggaṇhissāmi na’’nti pakatiyā niddupagamanavelāya niddupagato viya ahosi. Sāpi uṭṭhāya tatheva akāsi. Rājā tassā anupadaññeva gantvā jambuchāyaṃ nissāya aṭṭhāsi. Pīṭhasappī deviyā kujjhitvā ‘‘tvaṃ ajja aticirāyitvā āgatā’’ti hatthena kaṇṇasaṅkhalikaṃ pahari. Atha naṃ ‘‘mā maṃ kujjhi, sāmi, rañño niddupagamanaṃ olokesi’’nti vatvā tassa gehe pādaparicārikā viya ahosi. Tena panassā pahārena sīhamukhakuṇḍalaṃ kaṇṇato gaḷitvā rañño pādamūle pati. Rājā ‘‘vaṭṭissati ettaka’’nti taṃ gahetvā gato. Sāpi tena saddhiṃ aticaritvā purimaniyāmeneva gantvā raññā saddhiṃ nipajjituṃ ārabhi. Rājā paṭikkhipitvā punadivase ‘‘kinnarādevī mayā dinnaṃ sabbālaṅkāraṃ alaṅkaritvā etū’’ti āṇāpesi. Sā ‘‘sīhamukhakuṇḍalaṃ me suvaṇṇakārassa santike’’ti vatvā nāgami, puna pesite ca pana ekakuṇḍalāva āgamāsi . Rājā pucchi – ‘‘kahaṃ te kuṇḍala’’nti? ‘‘Suvaṇṇakārassa santike’’ti . Suvaṇṇakāraṃ pakkosāpetvā ‘‘kiṃkāraṇā imissā kuṇḍalaṃ na desī’’ti āha. ‘‘Nāhaṃ gaṇhāmi devā’’ti. Rājā tassā kujjhitvā ‘‘pāpe caṇḍāli mādisena te suvaṇṇakārena bhavitabba’’nti vatvā taṃ kuṇḍalaṃ tassā puratho khipitvā purohitaṃ āha – ‘‘samma, saccaṃ tayā vuttaṃ, gaccha sīsamassā chedāpehī’’ti. So taṃ rājageheyeva ekasmiṃ padese ṭhapetvā rājānaṃ upasaṅkamitvā – ‘‘deva, mā kinnarādeviyā kujjhittha, sabbā itthiyo evarūpāyeva. Sacepi itthīnaṃ dussīlabhāvaṃ ñātukāmosi, dassessāmi te etāsaṃ pāpakañceva bahumāyābhāvañca, ehi aññātakavesena janapadaṃ carāmā’’ti āha.
软垫说:“好极了。”夜里尽食后离去,似沉睡般睡去。琴娜拉女神亦起身,照此而为。国王忽然无所察觉,独立挂靠巨树。软垫女神愤怒作声,挥手打落其耳环。国王说:“勿打我,陛下睡意难却。”接着她像足侍者般进入宫中,拔去她耳中金狮子耳环,投掷于国王脚下。国王说道:“东西掉落不少。”将耳环拾起去了。她同流共舞,一同前往宫殿沉沦于恶行。国王次日诉说:“琴娜拉女神赐我所有饰物后离去。”她答:“金狮子耳坠仍在净匠身边。”国王惩戒净匠:“你为何藏匿耳环?”他说:“臣不敢留此物。”国王打他一鞭,令其割下头发尾须。祭司走到国王座前说:“天人啊,莫让琴娜拉女神作恶,女人们皆如此一类。若你不喜她们坏德,我便示现她们恶行与谤,以便你避之远离。”
Rājā ‘‘sādhū’’ti mātaraṃ rajjaṃ paṭicchāpetvā tena saddhiṃ cārikaṃ pakkāmi. Tesaṃ yojanaṃ maggaṃ gantvā mahāmagge nisinnānaṃyeva eko kuṭumbiko puttassatthāya maṅgalaṃ katvā ekaṃ kumārikaṃ paṭicchannayāne nisīdāpetvā mahantena parivārena gacchati. Taṃ disvā purohito rājānaṃ āha – ‘‘sace icchasi, imaṃ kumārikaṃ tayā saddhiṃ pāpaṃ kāretuṃ sakkā devā’’ti. ‘‘Kiṃ kathesi, mahāparivārā esā, na sakkā sammā’’ti? Purohito ‘‘tena hi passa, devā’’ti purato gantvā maggato avidūre sāṇiyā parikkhipitvā rājānaṃ antosāṇiyaṃ katvā sayaṃ maggapasse rodanto nisīdi. Atha naṃ so kuṭumbiko disvā ‘‘tāta, kasmā rodasī’’ti pucchi. ‘‘Bhariyā me garubhārā, taṃ kulagharaṃ netuṃ maggapaṭipannosmi, tassā antarāmaggeyeva gabbho cali, esā antosāṇiyaṃ kilamati, kācissā itthī santike natthi, mayāpi tattha gantuṃ na sakkā, na jānāmi ‘kiṃ bhavissatī’ti, ekaṃ itthiṃ laddhuṃ vaṭṭatī’’ti? ‘‘Mā rodi, bahū me itthiyo, ekā gamissatī’’ti. ‘‘Tena hi ayameva kumārikā gacchatu, etissāpi maṅgalaṃ bhavissatī’’ti. So cintesi – ‘‘saccaṃ vadati, suṇisāyapi me maṅgalameva, iminā hi nimittena sā puttadhītāhi vaḍḍhissatī’’ti tameva pesesi. Sā tattha pavisitvā rājānaṃ disvāva paṭibaddhacittā hutvā pāpamakāsi. Rājāpissā aṅgulimuddikaṃ adāsi. Atha naṃ katakiccaṃ nikkhamitvā āgataṃ pucchiṃsu – ‘‘kiṃ vijātā’’ti? ‘‘Suvaṇṇavaṇṇaṃ putta’’nti. Kuṭumbiko taṃ ādāya pāyāsi . Purohitopi rañño santikaṃ gantvā ‘‘diṭṭhā te, deva, kumārikāpi evaṃ pāpā, kimaṅgaṃ pana aññā, api pana te kiñci dinna’’nti pucchi. ‘‘Āma, aṅgulimuddikā dinnā’’ti. ‘‘Nāssā taṃ dassāmī’’ti vegena gantvā yānakaṃ gaṇhitvā ‘‘kimeta’’nti vutte ‘‘ayaṃ me brāhmaṇiyā ussīsake ṭhapitaṃ muddikaṃ gahetvā āgatā, dehi, amma, muddika’’nti āha. Sā taṃ dadamānā brāhmaṇaṃ hatthe nakhena vijjhitvā ‘‘gaṇha corā’’ti adāsi.
国王说:“好。”便遣母后出国与她同行。沿途行进,坐于焚香车内,载一女童,随行众多。祭司见状谏曰:“若想,你可令天神随从邪恶女童作恶。”国王问:“何意?”祭司说:“她随行你多年,今已怀孕,留在宫内整夜啼哭。无人照料,我亦难以进入,怀疑未来如何。”国王劝慰:“勿忧,吾家多女,必有一家陪伴。”祭司又言:“那女童应随你同行,定能幸福。”国王赞同,派遣她入宫施行恶业。给她指环,又出门后问:“谁生的?”祭司答:“金黄色婴儿。”家主抱起喂奶。祭司又问国王:“你看见婴女如何作恶?”国王答:“指环已赠,尚未见过她作恶。”祭司即速前往,用车载走指环。少女见后抓伤祭司手指,骂他是贼。
Evaṃ brāhmaṇo nānāvidhehi upāyehi aññāpi bahū aticāriniyo rañño dassetvā ‘‘idha tāva ettakaṃ hotu, aññattha gamissāma, devā’’ti āha. Rājā ‘‘sakalajambudīpe caritepi sabbā itthiyo evarūpāva bhavissanti, kiṃ no etāhi, nivattāmā’’ti bārāṇasimeva paccāgantvā – ‘‘mahārāja, itthiyo nāma evaṃ pāpadhammā, pakati esā etāsaṃ, khamatha, deva, kinnarādeviyā’’ti purohitena yācito khamitvā rājanivesanato naṃ nikkaḍḍhāpesi, ṭhānato pana taṃ apanetvā aññaṃ aggamahesiṃ akāsi. Tañca pīṭhasappiṃ nikkaḍḍhāpetvā jambusākhaṃ chedāpesi. Tadā kuṇālo pañcālacaṇḍo ahosi. Iti attanā diṭṭhakāraṇameva āharitvā dassento gāthamāha –
这婆罗门用诸种手段呈现国王更多诸恶女,告之说:“此地且如此,别处亦然,天人啊。”国王归城说:“国中诸女皆如其辈,奈何?请免除之。”祭司请求饶恕未将其驱逐,反遣人先毁坏软垫,斩断巨树枝条。后来潘查拉查多聚集祭司。就此见证并著咏曰:
§311
311.
‘‘Yaṃ ve disvā kaṇḍarīkinnarānaṃ, sabbitthiyo na ramanti agāre;
“看见了山洞中的半人半鸟族,村中的少妇们不在家中欢悦欢娱;
Taṃ tādisaṃ maccaṃ cajitvā bhariyā, aññaṃ disvā purisaṃ pīṭhasappi’’nti.
因此那种人,抛弃了那般女人,见到了别的男子,就交合亲昵。”
Tassattho – yaṃ ve kaṇḍarissa rañño kinnarāya deviyā cāti imesaṃ kaṇḍarikinnarānaṃ virāgakāraṇaṃ ahosi, taṃ disvā jānitabbaṃ – sabbitthiyo attano sāmikānaṃ na ramanti agāre . Tathā hi aññaṃ pīṭhasappiṃ purisaṃ disvā taṃ rājānaṃ tādisaṃ ratikusalaṃ maccaṃ cajitvā bhariyā tena manussapetena saddhiṃ pāpamakāsīti.
此处的义理是:如那山洞中半人半鸟族的女性因为厌离而远离,必须知晓她们对于自己主人丈夫不乐于留在家中。确实如此,因为见到别的男子,她们便抛弃王者般的善主丈夫,与该人为恶共行。
Aparopi atīte bārāṇasiyaṃ bako nāma rājā dhammena rajjaṃ kāresi. Tadā bārāṇasiyā pācīnadvāravāsino ekassa daliddassa pañcapāpī nāma dhītā ahosi. Sā kira pubbepi ekā daliddadhītā mattikaṃ madditvā gehe bhittiṃ vilimpati. Atheko paccekabuddho attano pabbhāraparibhaṇḍakaraṇatthaṃ ‘‘kahaṃ mattikaṃ labhissāmī’’ti cintetvā ‘‘bārāṇasiyaṃ laddhuṃ sakkā’’ti cīvaraṃ pārupitvā pattahattho nagaraṃ pavisitvā tassā avidūre aṭṭhāsi. Sā kujjhitvā ullokentī paduṭṭhena manasā ‘‘mattikampi bhikkhatī’’ti avoca. Paccekabuddho niccalova ahosi. Atha sā paccekabuddhaṃ niccalitaṃ disvā puna cittaṃ pasādetvā, ‘‘samaṇa, mattikampi na labhasī’’ti vatvā mahantaṃ mattikāpiṇḍaṃ āharitvā patte ṭhapesi. So tāya mattikāya pabbhāre paribhaṇḍamakāsi. Sā nacirasseva tato cavitvā tasmiṃyeva nagare bahidvāragāme duggatitthiyā kucchimhi paṭisandhiṃ gaṇhi. Sā dasamāsaccayena mātu kucchito nikkhami. Tassā mattikāpiṇḍaphalena sarīraṃ phassasampannaṃ ahosi, kujjhitvā ullokitattā pana hatthapādamukhaakkhināsāni pāpāni virūpāni ahesuṃ. Tena taṃ ‘‘pañcapāpī’’tveva sañjāniṃsu.
此外,从前有一位名叫巴拉尼亚的国王依法治理国政。那时在巴拉尼亚西城南门附近,有一位极其恶劣名字叫五恶女的乞丐者之女。她本是一个乞丐之女,揉泥土屋,弄脏墙壁。一位独觉外道为了准备灯火燃料,思惟“何处可得泥土?”于是想到“在巴拉尼亚可以得到。”就缠着衣服,虚空手持,进入城中,距离她不远便停住。那女愤恨地向外望着,心意不善,便说“泥土竟然也被乞讨了。”独觉者心如止水。那女见独觉者若无牵挂,再次令心欢喜,说“沙门,泥土你不可以得到。”说完担起大土团,放置于灯火之旁。独觉者用该泥土准备了灯火烧料。后来她很快出外,在城中外缘狡诈与恶女人结党联合。第十个月后母亲攀缘而出。她得泥土团令身体充满污秽,可是因愤怒与呕视,手脚面部溃烂丑恶,被人称为“五恶女”。
Athekadivasaṃ bārāṇasirājā rattiṃ aññātakavesena nagaraṃ pariggaṇhanto taṃ padesaṃ gato. Sāpi gāmadārikāhi saddhiṃ kīḷantī ajānitvāva rājānaṃ hatthe gaṇhi. So tassā hatthasamphassena sakabhāvena saṇṭhātuṃ nāsakkhi, dibbasamphassena phuṭṭho viya ahosi. So phassarāgaratto tathāvirūpampi taṃ hatthe gahetvā ‘‘kassa dhītāsī’’ti pucchitvā ‘‘dvāravāsino’’ti vutte assāmikabhāvaṃ pucchitvā ‘‘ahaṃ te sāmiko bhavissāmi, gaccha mātāpitaro anujānāpehī’’ti āha. Sā mātāpitaro upagantvā ‘‘eko, amma, puriso maṃ icchatī’’ti vatvā ‘‘sopi duggato bhavissati, sace tādisampi icchati, sādhū’’ti vutte gantvā mātāpitūhi anuññātabhāvaṃ ārocesi. So tasmiṃyeva gehe tāya saddhiṃ vasitvā pātova rājanivesanaṃ pāvisi. Tato paṭṭhāyeva aññātakavesena nibaddhaṃ tattha gacchati, aññaṃ itthiṃ oloketumpi na icchati.
有一日巴拉尼亚国王恰好夜间戴着不明身份的面具,巡察城市附近。她与乡村少女们同玩,未认出国王,便粗鲁地抓住国王的手。国王无法以常人之力挣脱,宛如遭天力所持。国王愤怒而又变形,抓着她的手,问“你是谁的女儿?”答曰“来自南城居民。”又问“是否有主人?”她答“我有主人。”国王说“我将成为你的主人,去告诉你的父母吧。”乡村少女去见父母,说“有一男子想要我母亲”,父母说:“那人定是不善,如真如此,也算善事”,随即带少女去见国王。国王与她同住一处,秘密侍奉,不愿他处探视,也不愿看别的女子。
Athekadivasaṃ tassā pitu lohitapakkhandikā uppajji. Asambhinnakhīrasappimadhusakkharayuttapāyāsova etassa bhesajjaṃ, taṃ te daliddatāya uppādetuṃ na sakkonti . Tato pañcapāpimātā dhītaraṃ āha – ‘‘kiṃ, amma, tava sāmiko pāyāsaṃ uppādetuṃ sakkhissatī’’ti? ‘‘Amma, mama sāmikena amhehipi duggatatarena bhavitabbaṃ, evaṃ santepi pucchissāmi naṃ, mā cintayī’’ti vatvā tassāgamanavelāyaṃ dummanā hutvā nisīdi. Atha naṃ rājā āgantvā ‘‘kiṃ dummanāsī’’ti pucchi. Sā tamatthaṃ ārocesi. Taṃ sutvā rājā ‘‘bhadde idaṃ atirasabhesajjaṃ, kuto labhissāmī’’ti vatvā cintesi – ‘‘na sakkā mayā niccakālaṃ evaṃ carituṃ, antarāmagge parissayopi daṭṭhabbo, sace kho pana etaṃ antepuraṃ nessāmi, etissā phassasampadaṃ ajānantā ‘amhākaṃ rājā yakkhiniṃ gahetvā āgato’ti keḷiṃ karissanti, sakalanagaravāsino etissā samphassaṃ jānāpetvā garahaṃ mocessāmī’’ti. Atha naṃ rājā – ‘‘bhadde, mā cintayi, āharissāmi te pitu pāyāsa’’nti vatvā tāya saddhiṃ abhiramitvā rājanivesanaṃ gantvā punadivase tādisaṃ pāyāsaṃ pacāpetvā paṇṇāni āharāpetvā dve puṭe katvā ekasmiṃ pāyāsaṃ pakkhipitvā ekasmiṃ cūḷāmaṇiṃ ṭhapetvā bandhitvā rattibhāge gantvā, ‘‘bhadde, mayaṃ daliddā, kicchena sampāditaṃ, tava pitaraṃ ‘ajja imamhā puṭā pāyāsaṃ bhuñja, sve imamhā’ti vadeyyāsī’’ti āha. Sā tathā akāsi. Athassā pitā ojasampannattā pāyāsassa thokameva bhuñjitvā suhito jāto. Sesaṃ mātu datvā sayampi bhuñji. Tayopi suhitā ahesuṃ. Cūḷāmaṇipuṭaṃ pana punadivasatthāya ṭhapesuṃ.
有一日,她的父亲患起红瘢病。以没有掺杂牛奶、蜜糖、糖及煮乳粥等药物难以治愈。五恶女的母亲对她说:“母亲啊,你的主人能够熬制药粥吗?”她答:“母亲,我的主人和我们一样必须用正道修行,正当如此,就算我问他也不必怀念。”这时愤怒地坐着。当国王来问“为何愤怒?”她如实告知。国王念道:“虽然良药治病,难得得到,我不能永远停留这里,必须寻找医院药厂。如果我在前后住处消失,人们不识我威德,说‘我们国王与妖女同住’,那城中居民将知晓并释放辱难。”国王说:“母亲莫忧,我会去取父亲的煮粥。”怀着喜悦与她同去宫殿,第二日煮了药粥,取来蕉叶,将药粥分两盒,一盒放粥,一盒放小珠宝,封盒半夜送出,说:“母亲,我们是乞丐,难以得手,望你父亲今日吃这盒药粥,回家吃我们盒中的。”她照行。她父亲因体力旺盛,药粥入口即适,起身安眠。母亲亦得平安。次日又将小盒放置数日。
Rājā nivesanaṃ gantvā mukhaṃ dhovitvāva ‘‘cūḷāmaṇiṃ me āharathā’’ti vatvā ‘‘na passāma, devā’’ti vutte ‘‘sakalanagaraṃ vicinathā’’ti āha. Te vicinitvāpi na passiṃsu. Tena hi bahinagare daliddagehesu bhattapaṇṇapuṭe upādāya vicinathāti. Vicinantā tasmiṃ ghaṭe cūḷāmaṇiṃ disvā tassā mātāpitaro ‘‘corā’’ti bandhitvā nayiṃsu. Athassā pitā, ‘‘sāmi, na mayaṃ corā, aññenāyaṃ maṇi ābhato’’ti vatvā ‘‘kenā’’ti vutte ‘‘jāmātarā me’’ti ācikkhitvā ‘‘kahaṃ so’’ti pucchito ‘‘dhītā me jānātī’’ti āha. Tato dhītāya saddhiṃ kathesi – ‘‘amma, sāmikaṃ te jānāsī’’ti? ‘‘Na jānāmī’’ti. ‘‘Evaṃ sante amhākaṃ jīvitaṃ natthī’’ti. ‘‘Tāta, so andhakāre āgantvā andhakāre eva yāti, tenassa rūpaṃ na jānāmi, hatthasamphassena pana naṃ jānituṃ sakkomī’’ti. So rājapurisānaṃ ārocesi. Tepi rañño ārocesuṃ. Rājā ajānanto viya hutvā ‘‘tena hi taṃ itthiṃ rājaṅgaṇe antosāṇiyaṃ ṭhapetvā sāṇiyā hatthappamāṇaṃ chiddaṃ katvā nagaravāsino sannipātetvā hatthasamphassena coraṃ gaṇhathā’’ti āha. Rājapurisā tathā kātuṃ tassā santikaṃ gantvā rūpaṃ disvāva vippaṭisārino hutvā – ‘‘dhī, dhī pisācī’’ti jigucchitvā phusituṃ na ussahiṃsu, ānetvā pana naṃ rājaṅgaṇe antosāṇiyaṃ ṭhapetvā sakalanagaravāsino sannipātesuṃ. Sā āgatāgatassa chiddena pasāritahatthaṃ gahetvāva ‘‘no eso’’ti vadati. Purisā tassā dibbaphassasadise phasse bajjhitvā apagantuṃ na sakkhiṃsu, ‘‘sacāyaṃ daṇḍārahā, daṇḍaṃ datvāpi dāsakammakārabhāvaṃ upagantvāpi etaṃ ghare karissāmā’’ti cintayiṃsu. Atha ne rājapurisā daṇḍehi koṭṭetvā palāpesuṃ. Uparājānaṃ ādiṃ katvā sabbe ummattakā viya ahesuṃ.
国王到住处后洗了脸,口中说:“把小宝石拿来给我。”说罢对诸天说:“诸天啊,我们看不到,去遍察整个城市吧。”他们虽察看却未见。由此可知,在城外贫穷的屋舍与饮食器皿中,他们仍执著察访。正在察看的这坛子中,见到了小宝石,她的父母称其为“贼”,捆绑她带走。她的父亲说:“主人,我们不是贼,是别人拿走了宝石。”问起原因,她说:“是我的姐妹害的。”问她:“在哪里?”她答:“我的女儿知道。”于是与女儿商议,女儿说:“母亲,你知道主人是谁吗?”“不知道。”女儿言:“既然如此,我们的生活就无望了。”“父亲说,这女人进入黑暗又从黑暗行去,我不知其真容,但触摸她却能知之。”国王的臣民得知此事也纷纷上报。国王焉知其由,便说:“她在宫中放置了污染物,恐怕通过扶杖之手截断宝石,召集市民当面以手触碰认贼。”国王的臣民来到她住所,见其容貌觉得厌恶,不愿触摸。但被带至宫中,把宝石放于宫殿中的坛石上,召集全城居民齐聚,一把抓住她的手说:“这不是你的吗?”她说“不”,人们于是掷杖惩戒,思量若给杖仍使奴隶般干活,便群起斗殴,打伤她。所有人如狂了般疯狂纷乱起来。
Atha rājā – ‘‘kacci ahaṃ bhaveyya’’nti hatthaṃ pasāresi. Taṃ hatthe gahetvāva ‘‘coro me gahito’’ti mahāsaddaṃ kari. Rājā tepi pucchi – ‘‘tumhe etāya hatthe gahitā kiṃ cintayitthā’’ti. Te yathābhūtaṃ ārocesuṃ. Atha ne rājā āha – ‘‘ahaṃ etaṃ attano gehaṃ ānetuṃ evaṃ kāresiṃ ‘etissā phassaṃ ajānantā maṃ paribhaveyyu’nti cintetvā, tasmā mayā sabbe tumhe jānāpitā, vadatha, bho dāni, sā kassa gehe bhavituṃ yuttā’’ti? ‘‘Tumhākaṃ, devā’’ti. Atha naṃ abhisiñcitvā aggamahesiṃ akāsi. Mātāpitūnampissā issariyaṃ dāpesi. Tato paṭṭhāya ca pana tāya sammatto neva vinicchayaṃ paṭṭhapesi, na aññaṃ itthiṃ olokesi. Tā tassā antaraṃ pariyesiṃsu. Sā ekadivasaṃ dvinnaṃ rājūnaṃ aggamahesibhāvassa supine nimittaṃ disvā rañño ārocesi. Rājā supinapāṭhake pakkosāpetvā ‘‘evarūpe supine diṭṭhe kiṃ hotī’’ti pucchi. Te itarāsaṃ itthīnaṃ santikā lañjaṃ gahetvā – ‘‘mahārāja, deviyā sabbasetassa hatthino khandhe nisinnabhāvo tumhākaṃ maraṇassa pubbanimittaṃ, hatthikhandhagatāya pana candaparāmasanaṃ tumhākaṃ paccāmittarājānayanassa pubbanimitta’’nti vatvā ‘‘idāni kiṃ kātabba’’nti vutte ‘‘deva imaṃ māretuṃ na sakkā, nāvāya pana naṃ ṭhapetvā nadiyaṃ vissajjetuṃ vaṭṭatī’’ti vadiṃsu. Rājā āhāravatthālaṅkārehi saddhiṃ rattibhāge naṃ nāvāya ṭhapetvā nadiyaṃ vissajjesi.
这时国王说:“我是否当亲自去?”伸出手来,抓住她手大声喊道:“贼被我捉住了!”国王问众人:“你们为何捉她?”众人如实答曰。国王又说:“我为要将她带回家如此行,是怕宝石受污而被侮辱。你们都知道此事,告诉我,她应当住谁家?”众人答:“在你家,国王啊。”于是国王察明真相,赐予父母权力。其后虽得到认可,但不追究,未观察其他女子。她在两国国王权柄相争时期的某夜,见到梦境,国王询问解梦人:“此类梦境所预示为何?”旁女嘲讽其他女子说:“陛下,夫人总坐于宝石肩头,是你死的预兆,而肩上宝石所映之月,是你继承王位的前兆。”问该如何?她答:“天神不可杀她,不可乘船,只可放溪中漂流。”于是国王带领众人与饮食供具,同赴夜晚,未乘船而放其入水漂。
Sā nadiyā vuyhamānā heṭṭhānadiyā nāvāya udakaṃ kīḷantassa bāvarikarañño abhimukhaṭṭhānaṃ pattā. Tassa senāpati nāvaṃ disvā ‘‘ayaṃ nāvā mayha’’nti āha. Rājā ‘‘nāvāya bhaṇḍaṃ mayha’’nti vatvā āgatāya nāvāya taṃ disvā ‘‘kā nāma tvaṃ pisācīsadisā’’ti pucchi. Sā sitaṃ katvā bakassa rañño aggamahesibhāvaṃ kathetvā sabbaṃ taṃ pavattiṃ tassa kathesi. Sā pana pañcapāpīti sakalajambudīpe pākaṭā. Atha naṃ rājā hatthe gahetvā ukkhipi, saha gahaṇeneva phassarāgaratto aññāsu itthīsu itthisaññaṃ akatvā taṃ aggamahesiṭṭhāne ṭhapesi. Sā tassa pāṇasamā ahosi. Bako taṃ pavattiṃ sutvā ‘‘nāhaṃ tassa aggamahesiṃ kātuṃ dassāmī’’ti senaṃ saṅkaḍḍhitvā tassa paṭititthe nivesanaṃ katvā paṇṇaṃ pesesi – ‘‘bhariyaṃ vā me detu yuddhaṃ vā’’ti. So ‘‘yuddhaṃ dassāmi, na bhariya’’nti vatvā yuddhasajjo ahosi. Ubhinnaṃ amaccā ‘‘mātugāmaṃ nissāya maraṇakiccaṃ natthi, purimasāmikattā esā bakassa pāpuṇāti, nāvāya laddhattā bāvarikassa, tasmā ekekassa gehe satta satta divasāni hotū’’ti mantetvā dvepi rājāno saññāpesuṃ. Te ubhopi attamanā hutvā titthapaṭititthe nagarāni māpetvā vasiṃsu. Sā dvinnampi tesaṃ aggamahesittaṃ kāresi. Dvepi tassā sammattā ahesuṃ. Sā pana ekassa ghare sattāhaṃ vasitvā nāvāya itarassa gharaṃ gacchantī nāvaṃ pājetvā nentena ekena mahallakakhujjakevaṭṭena saddhiṃ nadīmajjhe pāpaṃ karoti. Tadā kuṇālo sakuṇarājā bako ahosi, tasmā idaṃ attanā diṭṭhakāraṇaṃ āharitvā dassento gāthamāha –
她漂流溪河,在下游河中乘水玩耍,巴瓦利国王的军长见船道:“此船是我的。”国王说:“船上的货物归我。”军长见船后问:“你叫什么名字,女妖?”她下跪,说出巴瓦利国王的统辖,述说一切过程。她在整个闪光陆地上被称为五恶。国王抓住她手,从高处投下,欲连同财物沉没,激怒其他女子,她们愤恨独断,不愿同意此事。国王置她于王殿首位。她成了他的妾。巴瓦利国王听闻此事,说:“我不会当上国王。”盘算后带兵回营,送礼求妻或求战,最终准备战争。二位男主深知彼此,不住城市而往返游历住居。两人都服从她,生活逍遥自在。二人都相好她。她在一处住七天,划船到另一处家园反复作恶。此时库纳洛是天鹅国王的奴仆,因见此事,作观者,赋诗道:
§312
312.
‘‘Bakassa ca bāvarikassa ca rañño, accantakāmānugatassa bhariyā;
“巴瓦利国王与巴瓦利国王的妻子,极尽奢欲所追随;
Avācarī paṭṭhavasānugassa, kaṃ vāpi itthī nāticare tadañña’’nti.
品行不端、沉溺酒色,在何处女子为其所忌者?”
Tattha accantakāmānugatassāti accantaṃ kāmaṃ anugatassa. Avācarīti anācāraṃ cari. Paṭṭhavasānugassāti paṭṭhassa attano vasānugatassa, attano pesanakārassa santiketi attho. Karaṇatthe vā sāmivacanaṃ , tena saddhiṃ pāpamakāsīti vuttaṃ hoti. Tadaññanti kataraṃ taṃ aññaṃ purisaṃ nāticareyyāti attho.
其中,『极度沉溺于欲乐者』者,极度地追随欲乐者也。『行不轨之事』者,行无戒律之事也。『随从自身驱使者之人』者,随从自身所差遣之人,意谓前往指使自己之人处也。或为表目的之属格用法,意谓与彼人共造恶业也。『其他之人』者,意谓还有哪一位其他男子不应越轨也。
Aparāpi atīte brahmadattassa bhariyā piṅgiyānī nāma aggamahesī sīhapañjaraṃ vivaritvā olokentī maṅgalaassagopakaṃ disvā rañño niddupagamanakāle vātapānena oruyha tena saddhiṃ aticaritvā puna pāsādaṃ āruyha gandhehi sarīraṃ ubbaṭṭetvā raññā saddhiṃ nipajji. Athekadivasaṃ rājā ‘‘kiṃ nu kho deviyā aḍḍharattasamaye niccaṃ sarīraṃ sītaṃ hoti, pariggaṇhissāmi na’’nti ekadivasaṃ niddupagato viya hutvā taṃ uṭṭhāya gacchantiṃ anugantvā assabandhena saddhiṃ aticarantiṃ disvā nivattitvā sayanaṃ abhiruhi. Sāpi aticaritvā āgantvā cūḷasayanake nipajji. Punadivase rājā amaccagaṇamajjheyeva taṃ pakkosāpetvā taṃ kiccaṃ āvikatvā ‘‘sabbāva itthiyo pāpadhammā’’ti tassā vadhabandhachejjabhejjārahaṃ dosaṃ khamitvā ṭhānā cāvetvā aññaṃ aggamahesiṃ akāsi. Tadā kuṇālo rājā brahmadatto ahosi, tena taṃ attanā diṭṭhaṃ āharitvā dassento gāthamāha –
此外,过去时有一事,称为婆罗门达多之妻,名曰比尼迦耶,乃众女之首领。她曾开释狮子笼,观视护法之吉祥旗帜。王之出巡时,她乘风御气,与其同行。复登高楼,持香薰身,向王合掌致敬。有一日,王曰:“夫人为何在半夜时常使身体凉爽,我不可思议乎?”次日似刚出关外,起身跟从,见到与驴缰同伴同行者,遂回去登床。其后身行回归,卧于小卧处。之后日,王于大臣群中召集之,批评所行之事,发怒斥责曰:“女人皆为恶习之因。”遂罢免其权位,驱逐她,另立新首领。时,库那罗为王,于见此事后,诵诗述说其见闻曰——
§313
313.
‘‘Piṅgiyānī sabbalokissarassa, rañño piyā brahmadattassa bhariyā;
“比尼迦耶乃人人之主,王者婆罗门达多深爱其妻,
Avācarī paṭṭhavasānugassa, taṃ vāpi sā nājjhagā kāmakāminī’’ti.
行无礼、居无定所,且彼非忠贞而多欲也。”
Tattha taṃ vāti sā evaṃ aticarantī taṃ vā assabandhaṃ taṃ vā aggamahesiṭṭhānanti ubhayampi nājjhagā, ubhato bhaṭṭhā ahosi. Kāmakāminīti kāme patthayamānā.
是处所谓者,此女即如此行止,或与驴缰同伴,或与首领追随者,双方皆不忠诚,二方皆为奴仆。所谓“欲行者”,即沉溺于欲乐之人。
Evaṃ pāpadhammā itthiyoti atītavatthūhi itthīnaṃ dosaṃ kathetvā aparenapi pariyāyena tāsaṃ dosameva kathento āha –
如是称谓恶行妇女,依照过去事迹,叙说诸妇女之过,而终以迂回变易之法,仅仅论说其过,故说曰——
§314
314.
‘‘Luddhānaṃ lahucittānaṃ, akataññūna dubbhinaṃ;
『懦弱之人,意志轻薄,缺少感恩,性格拙劣;
Nādevasatto puriso, thīnaṃ saddhātumarahati.
非天非鬼非人,断绝对妇女之信敬。』
§315
315.
‘‘Na tā pajānanti kataṃ na kiccaṃ, na mātaraṃ pitaraṃ bhātaraṃ vā;
『不知所作何为,无所事事,不尊父母兄弟。』
Anariyā samatikkantadhammā, sasseva cittassa vasaṃ vajanti.
非圣者所能超越的法,就如同死水般支配着心。
§316
316.
三百一十六。
‘‘Cirānuvuṭṭhampi piyaṃ manāpaṃ, anukampakaṃ pāṇasamampi bhattuṃ;
“即便是长久的过去,那亲近喜悦、慈悲的众生;
Āvāsu kiccesu ca naṃ jahanti, tasmāhamitthīnaṃ na vissasāmi.
也不舍弃他们所在的家务劳作,因此我不相信恶友。
§317
317.
三百一十七。
‘‘Thīnañhi cittaṃ yathā vānarassa, kannappakannaṃ yathā rukkhachāyā;
“心意薄弱如同猿猴,犹如在树荫下的婴儿一般;
Calācalaṃ hadayamitthiyānaṃ, cakkassa nemi viya parivattati.
心如波动动荡之水,眼睛如轮轴般旋转不定。
§318
318.
三百一十八。
‘‘Yadā tā passanti samekkhamānā, ādeyyarūpaṃ purisassa vittaṃ;
『当人们用平等心观察时,所见之财富是应得之形态;
Saṇhāhi vācāhi nayanti menaṃ, kambojakā jalajeneva assaṃ.
言语暂时纠缠,像刚捕获的水蛇一般紧束。
§319
319.
三百一十九。
‘‘Yadā na passanti samekkhamānā, ādeyyarūpaṃ purisassa vittaṃ;
『当人们用平等心观察时,却不见应得之形态的财富;
Samantato naṃ parivajjayanti, tiṇṇo nadīpāragatova kullaṃ.
他们从四面八方避开他,如同渡过河流后的水洼般全部干涸。
§320
320.
三百二十。
‘‘Silesūpamā sikhiriva sabbabhakkhā, tikkhamāyā nadīriva sīghasotā;
「戒律如同泥土上的积雪,全部被吃剩;敏锐如河水,流速迅捷;
Sevanti hetā piyamappiyañca, nāvā yathā orakulaṃ parañca.
诸多因缘都侍奉着,喜爱与厌恶无不具足,就如船舶绕过岸边和水草一般。
§321
321.
三百二十一。
‘‘Na tā ekassa na dvinnaṃ, āpaṇova pasārito;
并非只有一方,也非只有两方,如同水面展开一般。
Yo tā mayhanti maññeyya, vātaṃ jālena bādhaye.
若有人以为我者,乃以网障风也。
§322
322.
三百二十二。
‘‘Yathā nadī ca pantho ca, pānāgāraṃ sabhā papā;
如河流与小径,虽通往水之处及集会所,
Evaṃ lokitthiyo nāma, velā tāsaṃ na vijjati.
然而所谓世女,时节终不现于彼处。
§323
323.
三百二十三。
‘‘Ghatāsanasamā etā, kaṇhasappasirūpamā;
此等如罐中安坐者,形如乌蛙黏状般。
Gāvo bahi tiṇasseva, omasanti varaṃ varaṃ.
牛如同田间的禾草一样,常常安心地吃着优良的草料。
§324
324.
三百二十四。
‘‘Ghatāsanaṃ kuñjaraṃ kaṇhasappaṃ, muddhābhisittaṃ pamadā ca sabbā;
『如同破坏器物的象,黑色毒蛇,满身污秽,且懈怠沉溺,所有这些,
Ete naro niccayato bhajetha, tesaṃ have dubbidu sabbabhāvo.
人们必定应远离,因他们内心昏暗,行为险恶。』
§325
325.
三百二十五。
‘‘Naccantavaṇṇā na bahūna kantā, na dakkhiṇā pamadā sevitabbā;
『不应与不善色相的人跳舞交往,也不应与懈怠者为伍。』
Na parassa bhariyā na dhanassa hetu, etitthiyo pañca na sevitabbā’’ti.
妇女不应成为他人的妻子,财富不应成为追求的目的,因此不应与五种妇女交往。
Tattha luddhānanti lubbhānaṃ. Kaṇaverajātake (jā. 1.4.69-72) viya baddhacorepi sārajjanaṃ sandhāyetaṃ vuttaṃ. Lahucittānanti muhuttameva parivattanacittānaṃ. Cūḷadhanuggahajātakena (jā. 1.5.128 ādayo) etaṃ dīpetabbaṃ. Akataññutā pana etāsaṃ ekakanipāte takkāriyajātakena (jā. 1.13.104 ādayo) dīpetabbā. Nādevasattoti na adevasatto devena anāsatto ayakkhagahitako abhūtaviṭṭho puriso thīnaṃ sīlavantataṃ saddhātuṃ nārahati, bhūtaviṭṭho pana saddaheyya. Katanti attano kataṃ upakāraṃ. Kiccanti attanā kattabbaṃ kiccaṃ. Na mātaranti sabbepi ñātake chaḍḍetvā yasmiṃ paṭibaddhacittā honti, taññeva anubandhanato ete mātādayo na jānanti nāma mahāpanthakamātā viya. Anariyāti nillajjā. Sassevāti sakassa. Āvāsūti āpadāsu. Kiccesūti tesu tesu karaṇīyesu.
此中“luddhā”即“懒惰”。如《柳树生经》(第四部1.4.69-72)中所言,即使是盗贼束缚,仍会产生怜恻心念。所谓“lahucittā”即心念轻快,转瞬即变。小护法生经(第一部1.5.128开头)中应当揭示此义。不知恩情的,则在《一部因缘经·贤者篇》(第一部1.13.104开头)中应当揭示。不称为非人,即不是无德之人,而是被天神所不悦、为恶缘所缠的人,他无法信解清心寡欲且道德高尚之人,但可以听其言语。所谓“kataṃ”即自己所作所为之利益,“kicca”是自己应当做的事情。不以母亲为母,舍弃一切亲族,心志专注于束缚之处,这些是因缘相继,故这母亲等视之如大恶君的母亲。不称为圣者是指无耻。“sasseva”是自己的,“āva”是困难,“kiccesu”即应当做的事情。
Kannappakannanti otiṇṇotiṇṇaṃ. Yathā hi visame padese rukkhachāyā ninnampiorohati, thalampi abhiruhati, tathā etāsampi cittaṃ na kañci uttamādhamaṃ vajjeti. Calācalanti ekasmiṃyeva apatiṭṭhitaṃ. Nemi viyāti sakaṭassa gacchato cakkanemi viya. Ādeyyarūpanti gahetabbajātikaṃ. Vittanti dhanaṃ. Nayantīti attano vasaṃ nenti. Jalajenāti jalajātasevālena. Kambojaraṭṭhavāsino kira yadā aṭavito asse gaṇhitukāmā honti, tadā ekasmiṃ ṭhāne vatiṃ parikkhipitvā dvāraṃ yojetvā assānaṃ udakapānatitthe sevālaṃ madhunā makkhetvā sevālasambandhāni tīre tiṇāni ādiṃ katvā yāva parikkhepadvārā makkhenti, assā pānīyaṃ pivitvā rasagiddhena madhunā makkhitāni tāni tiṇāni khādantā anukkamena taṃ ṭhānaṃ pavisanti. Iti yathā te jalajena palobhetvā asse vasaṃ nenti, tathā etāpi dhanaṃ disvā tassa gahaṇatthāya saṇhāhi vācāhipi purisaṃ vasaṃ nentīti attho. Kullanti taraṇatthāya gahitaṃ yaṃ kiñci.
所谓“kannappaka”即“越界,越限”,如在不稳定之处,树荫下既落下又爬上,地面也如此,这些人的心意不会有高低之别。所谓“calācalā”即时常动摇不定,类似车轮之行进。“nemi”如同车轮边缘,随车而转。所谓“ādeyyarūpa”即应当取得的物,种类众多。“vittan”是财富。“nayanti”意为带领自己的去处。“jalajenāti”是指水生物。关于坎波查国的人,若野象想被捕时,会将窝巢等置于一处,筑门防护,以蜂蜜蜜腊诱陷,以草篱等筑于水边,象饮水后被蜜腊粘住,以致阻碍象去,象因贪水遂住于此地。类似地,这财富也能像水生物在水中一样,能使人居住,保持稳定。所谓“kullanti”是为通行之桥而建,指支撑物。
Silesūpamāti purisānaṃ cittabandhanena silesasadisā. Tikkhamāyāti tikhiṇamāyā sīghamāyā. Nadīrivāti yathā pabbateyyā nadī sīghasotā, evaṃ sīghamāyāti attho. Āpaṇovāti yathā ca pasāritāpaṇo yesaṃ mūlaṃ atthi, tesaññeva upakāro, tatheva tāpi. Yo tāti yo puriso tā itthiyo. Bādhayeti so vātaṃ jālena bādheyya. Velā tāsaṃ na vijjatīti yathā etesaṃ nadīādīnaṃ ‘‘asukavelāyameva ettha gantabba’’nti velā natthi, rattimpi divāpi icchiticchitakkhaṇe upagantabbāneva, asukenevātipi mariyādā natthi, atthikena upagantabbāneva, tathā tāsampīti attho.
『如胶漆之喻』者,对男子而言,彼等女人以束缚其心之故,犹如胶漆也。『锐利之诡计』者,谓尖锐之诡计、迅速之诡计。『如江河』者,犹如山中之河,水流湍急,如此迅速行诡计,此即其义。『如集市』者,犹如已展开摊位之集市,唯有持有资财者方能受益,彼等女人亦复如是。『彼等男人』者,即指那些女人之男子。『以网捕风』者,喻其人以网捕风之徒劳也。『彼等无时节限制』者,犹如对此江河等并无『唯于某时方可往此处』之时节限制,无论夜间昼间,皆须于所欲之任何时刻前往,亦无『唯由某路而往』之规定,凡有需者随时可往,彼等女人亦复如是,此即其义。
Ghatāsanasamā etāti yathā aggi indhanena na tappati, evametāpi kilesaratiyā. Kaṇhasappasirūpamāti kodhanatāya upanāhitāya ghoravisatāya dujivhatāya mittadubbhitāyāti pañcahi kāraṇehi kaṇhasappasirasadisā. Tattha bahularāgatāya ghoravisatā, pisuṇatāya dujivhatā, aticāritāya mittadubbhitā veditabbā. Gāvo bahi tiṇassevāti yathā gāvo khāditaṭṭhānaṃ chaḍḍetvā bahi manāpamanāpassa tiṇassa varaṃ varaṃ omasanti khādanti, evametāpi niddhanaṃ chaḍḍetvā aññaṃ sadhanameva bhajantīti attho. Muddhābhisittanti rājānaṃ. Pamadā ca sabbāti sabbā ca itthiyo. Eteti ete pañca jane. Niccayatoti niccasaññato, upaṭṭhitassati appamattova hutvāti attho. Dubbidūti dujjāno. Sabbabhāvoti ajjhāsayo. Cirapariciṇṇopi hi aggi dahati, ciravissāsikopi kuñjaro ghāteti, ciraparicitopi sappo ḍaṃsati, ciravissāsikopi rājā anatthakaro hoti, evaṃ cirāciṇṇāpi itthiyo vikāraṃ dassentīti.
所谓“ghatāsanasamā etāti”是指如同用火与燃料,燃不着般的烦恼障碍。所谓“kaṇhasappasirūpamāti”是怒气缠绕之形。由五种因缘成——多怒恚、恶意、过失、结怨,以致形同黑熊头。其中特别以狂怒恶意及恶友难识为重。牛离开吃过的草地出外,回避失去荫凉的地,转而去其他处。这与贫穷之人抛弃原生活而寻他处相似。所谓“muddhābhisittanti”比喻国王,以上诸名即五人所指。所谓“niccayatoti”是稳定坚固,守住本分,不疏忽。所谓“dubbidūti”指难以了解者。“sabbabhāvoti”是内心所在。长期服侍虽繁,却仍被火烧,久信之人虽多,却如同驴害虫叮咬,久信之王终成无益,这些女子即使久违仍显丑恶。
Naccantavaṇṇāti abhirūpavatī. Na bahūna kantāti aḍḍhakāsigaṇikā viya bahūnaṃ piyā manāpā. Na dakkhiṇāti naccagītakusalā. Tathārūpā hi bahupatthitā bahumittā honti, tasmā na sevitabbā. Na dhanassa hetūti yā dhanahetuyeva bhajati, sā apariggahāpi na sevitabbā. Sā hi dhanaṃ alabhamānā kujjhatīti.
所谓“naccantavaṇṇāti”即有美丽舞姿。非众多所爱,似半虫女,非多数受欢迎。非善于舞蹈歌唱者。此类女子多受到许多异性青睐,因此不应交往。所谓“不为财富所因缘”即不因财富而亲近,为财富所贪求之女,若其占有财富而嫉妒,则不应交往。
Evaṃ vutte mahājano mahāsattassa ‘‘aho sukathita’’nti sādhukāramadāsi. Sopi ettakehi kāraṇehi itthīnaṃ aguṇaṃ kathetvā tuṇhī ahosi. Taṃ sutvā ānando gijjharājā, ‘‘samma kuṇāla, ahampi attano ñāṇabalena itthīnaṃ aguṇaṃ kathessāmī’’ti vatvā aguṇakathaṃ ārabhi. Taṃ dassento satthā āha –
如是说,大众尊者赞叹大德『啊,多么善妙的行为啊!』于是因这些缘故,他对妇女们说了无益的话,便独处静默。闻此,阿难·鸠摩罗王说道:“善巧的拘那罗,我也当以我的智慧力量对妇女们说无益的话。”于是开始无益之语。佛陀看到后,说道——
‘‘Atha khalu, bho, ānando gijjharājā kuṇālassa ādimajjhakathāpariyosānaṃ viditvā tāyaṃ velāyaṃ imā gāthā abhāsi –
“那时,阿难·鸠摩罗王,知晓拘那罗初中间谈话的终了之时,就在那时候作颂曰——
§326
326.
三百二十六。
‘‘Puṇṇampi cemaṃ pathaviṃ dhanena, dajjitthiyā puriso sammatāya;
“人若满载财富于此地,凭正直之行被世尊所赞许;
Laddhā khaṇaṃ atimaññeyya tampi, tāsaṃ vasaṃ asatīnaṃ na gacche.
若得一刻而过分轻视财富,便不屈于无常之人所制。
§327
327.
三百二十七。
‘‘Uṭṭhāhakaṃ cepi alīnavuttiṃ, komārabhattāraṃ piyaṃ manāpaṃ;
『即使是管家,若不能服侍,也视为是亲爱合意的少主;』
Āvāsu kiccesu ca naṃ jahanti, tasmāhamitthīnaṃ na vissasāmi.
『他们在家务事上不会舍弃我,因此我不相信恶人。』
§328
328.
‘‘Na vissase ‘icchati ma’nti poso, na vissase ‘rodati me sakāse’;
『不信赖‘他喜欢我’之言,也不信赖‘我在场他流泪’之语;』
Sevanti hetā piyamappiyañca, nāvā yathā orakūlaṃ parañca.
『他们因缘而亲近,也因缘而疏远,如同新船如树冠覆顶。』
§329
329.
‘‘Na vissase sākhapurāṇasanthataṃ, na vissase mittapurāṇacoraṃ;
『不信赖与树木相处长久的对方,亦不信赖与朋友相处长久的盗贼,』
Na vissase rājānaṃ ‘sakhā mama’nti, na vissase itthi dasanna mātaraṃ.
『不信赖称王者为“吾友”的人,也不信赖侮辱母亲的妇女。』
§330
330.
‘‘Na vissase rāmakarāsu nārisu, accantasīlāsu asaññatāsu;
『不信赖美丽女子中的人,也不信赖极端戒律者和不宽容者;』
Accantapemānugatassa bhariyā, na vissase titthasamā hi nāriyo.
『不信赖完全依附深爱的配偶者,女子本质上不等同外道。』
§331
331.
‘‘Haneyyuṃ chindeyyuṃ chedāpeyyumpi, kaṇṭhepi chetvā rudhiraṃ piveyyuṃ;
『应被杀,应被砍,应被斩,即使砍断喉咙,也应饮血,』
Mā dīnakāmāsu asaññatāsu, bhāvaṃ kare gaṅgatitthūpamāsu.
『不要生起怜悯于无差别的众生,在这如渡河岸的存在中造作生命。』
§332
332.
『三百三十二。』
‘‘Musā tāsaṃ yathā saccaṃ, saccaṃ tāsaṃ yathā musā;
『他们的谎言如同真实,真实如同谎言;』
Gāvo bahi tiṇasseva, omasanti varaṃ varaṃ.
『如同牛在外面的草场般,年年变换着。』
§333
333.
『三百三十三。』
‘‘Gatenetā palobhenti, pekkhitena mhitena ca;
『堕落者』者,贪于欲境者也;『受见者』者,所见境也;
Athopi dunnivatthena, mañjunā bhaṇitena ca.
『心存戒者』者,所思戒也;『言语柔和者』者,言辞柔雅也。
§334
334.
‘‘Coriyo kathinā hetā, vāḷā ca lapasakkharā;
『窃盗者』者,致使困难的原因;『恶语者』者,口出讹言也;
Na tā kiñci na jānanti, yaṃ manussesu vañcanaṃ.
二者不知任何事实,乃为人间欺诈之事也。
§335
335.
‘‘Asā lokitthiyo nāma, velā tāsaṃ na vijjati;
「所谓无常者,是指时间于彼等无存;
Sārattā ca pagabbhā ca, sikhī sabbaghaso yathā.
如闪电与雷霆,以及风暴之火焰一般。」
§336
336.
‘‘Natthitthīnaṃ piyo nāma, appiyopi na vijjati;
「所谓所爱者,为所乐者,反之所恶则无;
Sevanti hetā piyamappiyañca, nāvā yathā orakūlaṃ parañca.
彼等依缘而乐所爱与所恶,如船行礁岸之间。」
§337
337.
‘‘Natthitthīnaṃ piyo nāma, appiyopi na vijjati;
『无所依止者』对称为喜爱,无所不爱者亦不存;
Dhanattā paṭivallanti, latāva dumanissitā.
财富能够护卫,如同藤蔓依附粗树般依凭。
§338
338.
三百三十八。
‘‘Hatthibandhaṃ assabandhaṃ, gopurisañca maṇḍalaṃ;
『象缰』、『马缰』、『门柱』诸饰,聚合于门框之上;
Chavaḍāhakaṃ pupphachaḍḍakaṃ, sadhanamanupatanti nāriyo.
驱使尸车者,布满花饰者,女子们依次承接摆列。
§339
339.
三百三十九。
‘‘Kulaputtampi jahanti akiñcanaṃ, chavakasamasadisampi;
‘家族子孙即使没有任何财产,也会放弃;与盗贼同类的人们也会放弃;
Anugacchanti anupatanti, dhanahetu hi nāriyo’’ti.
因为女人们从来都是追随,依止财富的缘故。’
Tattha ādimajjhakathāpariyosānanti kathāya ādimajjhapariyosānaṃ. Laddhā khaṇanti okāsaṃ labhitvā. Icchati manti maṃ esā icchatīti puriso itthiṃ na vissaseyya. Sākhapurāṇasanthatanti hiyyo vā pare vā santhataṃ purāṇasākhāsanthataṃ na vissase, apapphoṭetvā apaccavekkhitvā na paribhuñjeyya. Tatra hi dīghajātiko vā pavisitvā tiṭṭheyye, paccāmitto vā satthaṃ nikkhipeyya. Mittapurāṇacoranti panthadūhanaṭṭhāne ṭhitaṃ coraṃ ‘‘purāṇamitto me’’ti na vissaseyya. Corā hi ye sañjānanti teyeva mārenti. Sakhā mamanti so hi khippameva kujjhati, tasmā rājānaṃ ‘‘sakhā me’’ti na vissase. Dasannamātaranti ‘‘ayaṃ mahallikā idāni maṃ na aticarissati, attānaṃ rakkhissatī’’ti na vissasetabbā. Rāmakarāsūti bālānaṃ ratikarāsu. Accantasīlāsūti atikkantasīlāsu. Accantapemānugatassāti sacepi accantaṃ anugatapemā assa, tathāpi taṃ na vissase. Kiṃkāraṇā? Titthasamā hi nāriyoti sambandho, titthaṃ viya sabbasādhāraṇāti attho.
此处所谓‘始终讲说’者,即谓讲说的起始及终结。取‘结束’之意、‘争夺时’之机。人若渴望、思惟‘这就是我所欲’,则对女人不能信任。谓‘旧朋友一脉相连’者,无论阴也好、阳也罢,结成旧交的枝脉,不可轻信;若被分裂破坏、被反复观察则不可相共住。因为长寿者一旦进入其中,便在彼方停留;邻近者必离开其地。谓‘朋友久交之盗’也,盗贼立于大路通行之处,若自称‘是我旧友’,则不可信。盗贼一识破即击之。谓‘彼为友者’者,彼即速怒,故对王者不可言‘此为我友’。谓‘十母亲’者,即谓‘此女婢必不再欺我,必自护己’,此亦不可信。所谓‘哀婉妩媚’者,是愚人的媚色。谓‘极恶戒者’者,即极坏戒者。谓若女性对男子之极端爱恋,虽极爱恋亦不可信。何以故?谓‘女如外道’,缘此意思谓女性一类属凡俗普通。
Haneyyunti kuddhā vā aññapurisasārattā vā hutvā sabbametaṃ hananādiṃ kareyyuṃ. Mā dīnakāmāsūti hīnajjhāsayāsu saṃkiliṭṭhaāsayāsu. Bhāvanti evarūpāsu sinehaṃ mā kare. Gaṅgatitthūpamāsūti sabbasādhāraṇaṭṭhena gaṅgātitthasadisāsu. Musāti musāvādo tāsaṃ saccasadisova. Gatenātiādīsu pekkhitena palobhane ummādantījātakaṃ, (jā. 2.18.57 ādayo) dunnivatthena niḷinikājātakaṃ, (jā. 2.18.1 ādayo) mañjunā bhaṇitena ‘‘tuvaṭaṃ kho, ayyaputta, āgaccheyyāsī’’ti nandattherassa vatthu (udā. 22) kathetabbaṃ. Coriyoti sambhatassa dhanassa vināsanena coriyo. Kathināti thaddhahadayā. Vāḷāti duṭṭhā appakeneva kujjhanasīlā. Lapasakkharāti niratthakalapanena sakkharā viya madhurā. Asāti asatiyo lāmakā. Sārattāti sabbadā sārattā. Pagabbhāti kāyapāgabbhiyādīhi pagabbhā. Yathāti yathā sikhī sabbaghaso, evametāpi sabbaghasā. Paṭivallantīti parissajanti upagūhanti veṭhenti. Latāvāti yathā latā rukkhanissitā rukkhaṃ veṭhenti, evametā purisaṃ parissajanti nāma.
谓‘热恼者’、谓‘他人本性怨恨者’,乃至聚集诸恶行加害一切。勿招致贫苦及心偏邪之众。此等心态者,必生如是爱欲,则勿与之产生爱染。谓‘河流渡口外道女’者,诸河流渡口之外道女均视为普通。谓‘谤者即谤语’者,彼等语犹真假难辨。谓“已去者”等举例乃取诱惑之人,如《疯狂种子经》(jātaka 2.18.57)及《泥泞种子经》(jātaka 2.18.1),及《嘘语之事》 udāna 22中以“你,尊者儿,应当前来”为言所说之内容。谓‘盗贼’者,乃财物破坏者称盗贼。谓‘刚烈’者,即坚心者。谓‘暴躁’者,即恶少,性格粗暴。谓‘甜语’者,即无内容之虚假甜言。谓‘不实者’者,即谎言。谓‘全力’者,恒以全力。谓‘首领’者,如身首等。谓‘如’者,依其标准。谓‘反抗’者,谓环绕、伏击、袭击等。谓‘藤蔓’者,若藤蔓盘绕树木,则亦绕人。
Hatthibandhantiādīsu gopuriso vuccati gopālako. Chavaḍāhakanti chavānaṃ ḍāhakaṃ, susānapālanti vuttaṃ hoti. Pupphachaḍḍakanti vaccaṭṭhānasodhakaṃ. Sadhananti etesupi sadhanaṃ anugacchantiyeva . Akiñcananti adhanaṃ. Chavakasamasadisanti sunakhamaṃsakhādacaṇḍālena samaṃ sadisaṃ, tena nibbisesampi purisaṃ gacchanti bhajanti. Kasmā? Yasmā anupatanti dhanahetu nāriyoti.
谓‘护城者’等,府守名为‘守护者’。谓‘牛群看守者’者,牛群看守者谓之‘牛群守护者’。谓‘花甩者’者,谓扫除花落之人。谓‘装备’者,以上皆谓跟随某种装备的人。谓‘一无所有’者,谓无财产。谓‘盗贼同类’者,谓为犬类肉食之贱民同类,故彼等侮辱阻碍凡人。为何?谓‘因女人追随财富缘故’也。
Evaṃ attano ñāṇe ṭhatvā ānando gijjharājā itthīnaṃ aguṇaṃ kathetvā tuṇhī ahosi. Tassa vacanaṃ sutvā nāradopi attano ñāṇe ṭhatvā tāsaṃ aguṇaṃ kathesi. Taṃ dassento satthā āha –
由此,自身之智慧坚定,阿难称枭王称妇女无德而默然。彼听此言,耶输陀罗亦以自身智慧而说其无德。诸师见此,告诫曰——
‘‘Atha khalu, bho, nārado devabrāhmaṇo ānandassa gijjharājassa ādimajjhakathāpariyosānaṃ viditvā tāyaṃ velāyaṃ imā gāthā abhāsi –
于是,闻知了那迦罗天婆罗门关于阿难樹王从初起至结束的中间说法,彼时他诵唱如次偈语——
§340
340.
‘‘‘Cattārome na pūrenti, te me suṇātha bhāsato;
「四方虽不满愿,请听我言说;
Samuddo brāhmaṇo rājā, itthī cāpi dijampati.
大海为婆罗门王,女子亦彼天公。
§341
341.
‘‘Saritā sāgaraṃ yanti, yā kāci pathavissitā;
诸河流入大海,若有远地之水;
Tā samuddaṃ na pūrenti, ūnattā hi na pūrati.
海洋无法被填满,因为升高的水实际上并不能充满。
§342
342.
三百四十二。
‘‘Brāhmaṇo ca adhīyāna, vedamakkhānapañcamaṃ;
『婆罗门精勤学习五部吠陀经典其中之一;
Bhiyyopi sutamiccheyya, ūnattā hi na pūrati.
即使如此仍欲听闻,因为升高的水实际上并不能充满。』
§343
343.
三百四十三。
‘‘Rājā ca pathaviṃ sabbaṃ, sasamuddaṃ sapabbataṃ;
『国王拥有整块大地,包括众多的海洋和山岳;
Ajjhāvasaṃ vijinitvā, anantaratanocitaṃ;
断除内患之后,随即心中不生怨恨;
Pāraṃ samuddaṃ pattheti ūnattā hi na pūrati.
如同上升者不能填满海洋的深处一般。
§344
344.
三百四十四。
‘‘Ekamekāya itthiyā, aṭṭhaṭṭha patino siyā;
『若一夫独自对一女,应有八位丈夫为配;
Sūrā ca balavanto ca, sabbakāmarasāharā;
且须勇猛有力,能除去一切怨敌;
Kareyya navame chandaṃ, ūnattā hi na pūrati.
若为第九人而拥有贪欲,如海深处仍未满。』
§345
345.
‘‘Sabbitthiyo sikhīriva sabbabhakkhā, sabbitthiyo nadīriva sabbavāhī;
「一切河流如同乳汁般温润,凡能流通,皆为河流;
Sabbitthiyo kaṇṭakānaṃva sākhā, sabbitthiyo dhanahetu vajanti.
一切河流似荆棘之枝,相连相依;一切河流因财物而流通。
§346
346.
‘‘Vātañca jālena naro parāmase, osiñcaye sāgaramekapāṇinā;
「风如网罗般缠绕人身,海洋由同一只手浇灌滋养;
Sakena hatthena kareyya ghosaṃ, yo sabbabhāvaṃ pamadāsu ossaje.
圣人应以手击打,以警觉众生免陷于一切自然的懈怠与无明。」
§347
347.
‘‘Corīnaṃ bahubuddhīnaṃ, yāsu saccaṃ sudullabhaṃ;
『多智者的盗贼之中,真理极为难得;
Thīnaṃ bhāvo durājāno, macchassevodake gataṃ.
心志薄弱且性情刚暴者,就如沉入水中的鱼。』
§348
348.
‘‘Analā mudusambhāsā, duppūrā tā nadīsamā;
『如同水量不足的河流,燃烧的无风之火,
Sīdanti naṃ viditvāna, ārakā parivajjaye.
愚痴者不曾察觉,因而违犯戒律。』
§349
349.
‘‘Āvaṭṭanī mahāmāyā, brahmacariyavikopanā;
「大魔王是转轮者,扰乱清净持戒之道;
Sīdanti naṃ viditvāna, ārakā parivajjaye.
知道此理后,智者远离魔障而行正道。」
§350
350.
‘‘Yaṃ etā upasevanti, chandasā vā dhanena vā;
「那些投靠魔王者,无论是因为欲望或财富;
Jātavedova saṃṭhānaṃ, khippaṃ anudahanti na’’’nti.
如同火神般,迅速焚烧自身之团体,迅速毁坏。」
Tattha dijampatīti dijajeṭṭhakaṃ kuṇālaṃ ālapati. ‘‘Saritā’’tiādi ṭhapitamātikāya bhājanatthaṃ vuttaṃ. Ūnattāti udakapatiṭṭhānassa mahantatāya ūnā eva. Adhīyānāti sajjhāyitvā. Vedamakkhānapañcamanti itihāsapañcamaṃ vedacatukkaṃ. Ūnattāti so hi ajjhāsayamahantatāya sikkhitabbassa na pūrati. Anantaratanocitanti nānāratanehi ocitaṃ paripuṇṇaṃ. Ūnattāti so hi taṇhāmahantatāya na pūrati. Siyāti siyuṃ, ayameva vā pāṭho. Sabbakāmarasāharāti sabbesaṃ kāmarasānaṃ āharakā. ‘‘Navame’’ti aṭṭhahi atittabhāvadassanatthaṃ vuttaṃ. Sā pana dasamepi vīsatimepi tato uttaritarepi chandaṃ karoteva. Ūnattāti sā hi kāmataṇhāya mahantatāya na pūrati. Kaṇḍakānaṃva sākhāti sambādhamagge kaṇṭakasākhasadisā. Yathā hi sākhā laggitvā ākaḍḍhati, evaṃ etāpi rūpādīhi kaḍḍhanti. Yathā sākhā hatthādīsu vijjhitvā dukkhaṃ uppādeti, evaṃ etāpi phuṭṭhamattā sarīrasamphassena vijjhitvā mahāvināsaṃ pāpenti. Vajantīti parapurisaṃ vajanti.
其中,dijampatī 指代 dijajeṭṭhaka kuṇāla(锋利的箭头)。“萨利塔”等词是用于解释母题或标题所依据的经文内容。ūnā 一词意指因水域的广大,水势低落而显得不足。adhīyāna 指的是经过专注深入学习。vedamakkhānapañcama 表示史书中第五部阿含经,即五种经典之一。ūnā 在此指的是由于应修习法的广大深重,无法满足。anantaratanocita 意指被各种宝物充盈丰满。ūnā 表示因渴爱或三界贪欲深重无法满足。siyāti 表示“还将继续”,此为文中用语。sabbakāmarasāharāti 指的是摄受所有贪爱之味。“navame”是为显示八十八种无上境界而提出。此处“第九”是为表现某些意愿或志趣。ūnā 在此指因欲爱之深重不能满足。kaṇḍakānaṃva sākhāti 是比喻为刺扎之枝条,意指困于苦难如刺痛难忍。枝条虽挂附而铰断,犹如根本身因苦痛而折断。枝桠若被手摘折,亦产生痛苦;同理,因身触及而破坏身心,造成大损害。vajantīti 表示相互喝斥,激恼异性。
Parāmaseti gaṇheyya. Osiñcayeti nhāyituṃ otiṇṇo ekena pāṇinā sakalasamuddaudakaṃ osiñceyya gahetvā chaḍḍeyya. Sakenāti ekena attano hatthena tameva hatthaṃ haritvā ghosaṃ uppādeyya. Sabbabhāvanti ‘‘tvameva iṭṭho kanto piyo manāpo’’ti vuccamāno yo puriso ‘‘evameta’’nti saddahanto sabbaṃ attano ajjhāsayaṃ pamadāsu ossajeyya, so jālādīhi vātaggahaṇādīni kareyyāti attho. Gatanti gamanaṃ. Analāti tīhi dhammehi alanti vacanavirahitā. Duppurā tāti yathā mahānadī udakena, evaṃ kilesaratiyā tā duppūrā. Sīdanti naṃ viditvānāti ettha nanti nipātamattaṃ, itthiyo allīnā catūsu apāyesu sīdantīti viditvā. Āvaṭṭanīti yathā āvaṭṭanī mahājanassa hadayaṃ mohetvā attano vase vatteti, evametāpīti attho. Vikopanāti nāsanatthena ca garahatthena ca brahmacariyassa kopikā. Chandasā vāti piyasaṃvāsena vā. Dhanena vāti dhanahetu vā. Saṃṭhānanti yathā jātavedo attano ṭhānaṃ yaṃ yaṃ padesaṃ allīyati, taṃ taṃ dahati, tathā etāpi yaṃ yaṃ purisaṃ kilesavasena allīyanti, taṃ taṃ anudahanti mahāvināsaṃ pāpenti.
『执取』者,谓拿取也。『汲尽』者,犹如入水沐浴者以一只手掌取尽整片大海之水而弃之。『以己之』者,以自己一手拖拽彼手而发出声响。『全部心意』者,被告知『唯你是我所爱、所慕、所喜、所欢』之男子,若信以为真,将自己全部心意倾注于放逸女,则彼将为网等所捕,如捕风等,此即其义。『往』者,谓行去也。『不满足』者,谓离足够之言,以三法而言,意即永不知足。『彼等难以填满』者,犹如大河难以水填满,如此彼等以烦恼与欲乐之故,难以令其满足。『知其沉溺』者,此处『其』字仅为语助词,谓知晓女人耽着沉溺于四恶趣也。『能迷惑者』者,犹如漩涡迷乱众人之心而使其随己转,彼等女人亦复如是,此即其义。『能破坏者』者,以毁灭之故及以责难之故,为破坏梵行者。『或以爱乐共住』者,谓以可爱之共住也。『或以财富』者,谓以财富为因也。『住处』者,犹如火焰依附于任何地方,便将其烧毁,如此彼等女人以烦恼之力依附于任何男子,便将其烧尽,令其遭受大毁灭。
Evaṃ nāradena itthīnaṃ aguṇe pakāsite puna mahāsatto visesetvā tāsaṃ aguṇaṃ pakāseti. Taṃ dassetuṃ satthā āha –
如是,因女性间缺乏德行,迦楼罗(nāraḍa)激励甚众,再次强调其不德。导师为显明此理,说道——
‘‘Atha khalu, bho, kuṇālo sakuṇo nāradassa devabrāhmaṇassa ādimajjhakathāpariyosānaṃ viditvā tāyaṃ velāyaṃ imā gāthāyo ajjhabhāsi –
“于是,迦楼罗比库萨利塔,知晓德婆罗门迦楼罗大师在中间位置的教学终结之时,于此时发出如下偈语——
§351
351.
‘‘‘Sallape nisitakhaggapāṇinā, paṇḍito api pisācadosinā;
‘手持利刃锋利如匕首,即使智者,亦难免魔鬼与恶意之害;
Uggatejamuragampi āside, eko ekāya pamadāya nālape.
即使是野兽猛兽,也不过只有一只,因为一个人的疏忽而不多言。
§352
352.
三百五十二。
‘‘Lokacittamathanā hi nāriyo, naccagītabhaṇitamhitāvudhā;
『妇女们真是扰乱世俗心念的人,她们舞蹈、唱歌、讲话、持有利器;
Bādhayanti anupaṭṭhitassatiṃ, dīpe rakkhasigaṇova vāṇije.
她们妨碍那些未被看护的财产,就像守护灯火的商人般。』
§353
353.
三百五十三。
‘‘Natthi tāsaṃ vinayo na saṃvaro, majjamaṃsaniratā asaññatā;
『她们没有规矩,没有约束,沉溺于中等肉欲,缺乏正见;』
Tā gilanti purisassa pābhataṃ, sāgareva makaraṃ timiṅgalo.
患病之人如晨光般微弱,却似大海中的鳄鱼般凶猛。
§354
354.
三百五十四。
‘‘Pañcakāmaguṇasātagocarā, uddhatā aniyatā asaññatā;
五欲之心如烈火一般,心志高昂无常且不定、未被观察。
Osaranti pamadā pamādinaṃ, loṇatoyavatiyaṃva āpakā.
疯狂的疏忽如同咸水中的水流不断涌出。
§355
355.
三百五十五。
‘‘Yaṃ naraṃ upalapenti nāriyo, chandasā vā ratiyā dhanena vā;
女子或以贪欲、欢爱或以财富而诱惑男性。
Jātavedasadisampi tādisaṃ, rāgadosavadhiyo dahanti naṃ.
像炬火一样燃烧的,正是这般,贪欲与憎恨猛然焚烧此人。
§356
356.
三百五十六。
‘‘Aḍḍhaṃ ñatvā purisaṃ mahaddhanaṃ, osaranti sadhanaṃ sahattanā;
『人若未认清自己为大富之身,财物便会同伴流失殆尽;
Rattacittamativeṭhayanti naṃ, sāla māluvalatāva kānane.
夜心沉迷愚昧,他如林中粘稠的树胶般被束缚缠绕。』
§357
357.
三百五十七。
‘‘Tā upenti vividhena chandasā, citrabimbamukhiyo alaṅkatā;
『他们以种种欲念而打开,众多华丽饰物装饰其面容。』
Uhasanti pahasanti nāriyo, sambarova satamāyakovidā.
那些妇女言辞尖刻,善于讥讽,如同马车夫那样奸诈狡猾。
§358
358.
三百五十八。
‘‘Jātarūpamaṇimuttabhūsitā, sakkatā patikulesu nāriyo;
她们生性如同镶嵌宝石般华丽,但在众多杂质如车辕污垢中沾染不净。
Rakkhitā aticaranti sāmikaṃ, dānavaṃva hadayantarassitā.
她们纵横捭阖,欺压主人,内心如同魔鬼般阴险恶毒。
§359
359.
三百五十九。
‘‘Tejavāpi hi naro vicakkhaṇo, sakkato bahujanassa pūjito;
即便如此,有才智且精明的人,仍为马夫所尊敬,备受众人礼敬;
Nārinaṃ vasagato na bhāsati, rāhunā upahatova candimā.
女人被征服时不会说话,就像月亮被云遮蔽一样。
§360
360.
三百六十。
‘‘Yaṃ kareyya kupito diso disaṃ, duṭṭhacitto vasamāgataṃ ariṃ;
『愤怒的人若对任何方向发威,心不善良而被制服的敌人;
Tena bhiyyo byasanaṃ nigacchati, nārinaṃ vasagato apekkhavā.
他将遭更严重的祸患,女人被制服时却心持平静不动。』
§361
361.
三百六十一。
‘‘Kesalūnanakhachinnatajjitā, pādapāṇikasadaṇḍatāḷitā;
【此句未完,原文词汇涉及指甲未剪、经受割断、手脚不灵、持杖击打等形象】
Hīnamevupagatā hi nāriyo, tā ramanti kuṇapeva makkhikā.
妇女若陷入低贱境地,便如飞蛾扑火般在暗处寻乐。
§362
362.
三百六十二。
‘‘Tā kulesu visikhantaresu vā, rājadhāninigamesu vā puna;
无论是在家族内争权夺利者,还是在王城外集市聚居者,
Oḍḍitaṃ namucipāsavākaraṃ, cakkhumā parivajje sukhatthiko.
若堕入染污烦恼之中,眼明者应当弃离此等恶行,以求安乐正道。
§363
363.
三百六十三。
‘‘Ossajitva kusalaṃ tapoguṇaṃ, yo anariyacaritāni mācari;
放弃善行与修炼苦行之力,若行不合妇人道德者,
Devatāhi nirayaṃ nimissati, chedagāmimaṇiyaṃva vāṇijo.
天众驱使其进入地狱,如同商贩驱赶摇摆不定的牲口一般。
§364
364.
三百六十四。
‘‘So idha garahito parattha ca, dummatī upahato sakammunā;
『此人此地被憎恶,对恶行所伤害,彼此共谋施恶,
Gacchatī aniyato gaḷāgaḷaṃ, duṭṭhagadrabharathova uppathe.
行为无定,言语尖刻,宛如负重的恶骡行走于路径。』
§365
365.
三百六十五。
‘‘So upeti nirayaṃ patāpanaṃ, sattisimbalivanañca āyasaṃ;
『彼往生于令人痛苦的地狱,和七十三根荆棘丛林同等坚硬。』
Āvasitvā tiracchānayoniyaṃ, petarājavisayaṃ na muñcati.
居住于畜生道,或鬼王所辖之处,绝不舍离。
§366
366.
三百六十六。
‘‘Dibyakhiḍḍaratiyo ca nandane, cakkavatticaritañca mānuse;
天界的戏乐诸神,以及人间的轮王行为;
Nāsayanti pamadā pamādinaṃ, duggatiñca paṭipādayanti naṃ.
因懈怠而破坏懈怠之人,引导其往恶道。
§367
367.
三百六十七。
‘‘Dibyakhiḍḍaratiyo na dullabhā, cakkavatticaritañca mānuse;
天界的戏乐诸神并不难得见,且人间亦有轮王之行;
Soṇṇabyamhanilayā ca accharā, ye caranti pamadāhanatthikā.
所谓「金、银、铜、铁等这些金属」,因其本质会随着时间消逝变化,故属于无常逝灭之物;而那些因迷醉散乱,导致无益疲惫的行为则是违背觉悟之道的。
§368
368.
三百六十八。
‘‘Kāmadhātusamatikkamā gati, rūpadhātuyā bhāvo na dullabho;
「欲界之境界得以超越,但色界的存在却难以轻易得见;
Vītarāgavisayūpapatti yā, ye caranti pamadāhanatthikā.
那些远离贪爱之境界,超越世俗欲望生活的人,方是真正避免迷失疲惫的。」
§369
369.
三百六十九。
‘‘Sabbadukkhasamattikkamaṃ sivaṃ, accantamacalitaṃ asaṅkhataṃ;
「超越一切苦难的明净境界,虽极为坚定,却非由偶然构成,永恒不变,且无生灭纷扰;
Nibbutehi sucihī na dullabhaṃ, ye caranti pamadāhanatthikā’’’ti.
涅槃者清净之境,不易得者,谓放逸奔逐无益者也。
Tattha sallapeti ‘‘sace mayā saddhiṃ sallapessasi, sīsaṃ te pātessāmī’’ti vatvā khaggaṃ ādāya ṭhitenāpi, ‘‘sallapitamatteyeva taṃ khāditvā jīvitavināsaṃ pāpessāmī’’ti dosinā hutvā ṭhitenāpi pisācena saddhiṃ sallape. ‘‘Upagataṃ ḍaṃsitvā nāsessāmī’’ti ṭhitaṃ uggatejaṃ uragampi āside. Eko pana hutvā raho ekāya pamadāya na hi ālape. Lokacittamathanāti lokassa cittaghātikā. Dīpe rakkhasigaṇoti yathā dīpe rakkhasigaṇo manussavesena vāṇije upalāpetvā attano vase gate katvā khādati, evaṃ imāpi pañcahi kāmaguṇehi attano vase katvā satte mahāvināsaṃ pāpentīti attho. Vinayoti ācāro. Saṃvaroti mariyādo. Purisassa pābhatanti dukkhasambhataṃ dhanaṃ gilanti nāsenti.
此处叙述对话:一人言「若与我共语,我必斩断汝首」,持刀立时。同侪之间亦争言「只因轻声细语,将致生命灭」。其时因愤恨,现身恶鬼,与之共语。恶鬼言「我咬噬到你,不致丧命」,立于炽烈之蛇上。又一人因隐秘而成为一处放逸,不与人言语。所谓扰乱世人心志,实则为杀害世人之心。犹如火灯中鬼族,虽与人族作交易,却悄然在自室放火而食自己,此五种欲使亦然,俱自害身,致于大劫损亡。律者,谓行为准则也;制者,谓敬重法度也。此犹如损人之财,生苦恼难忍。
Aniyatāti aniyatacittā. Loṇatoyavatiyanti loṇatoyavantaṃ samuddanti attho. Āpakāti āpagā, ayameva vā pāṭho. Yathā samuddaṃ nadiyo osaranti, evaṃ pamādinaṃ pamadāti attho. Chandasāti pemena. Ratiyāti pañcakāmaguṇaratiyā. Dhanena vāti dhanahetu vā. Jātavedasadisanti guṇasampattiyā aggimiva jalitampi. Rāgadosavadhiyoti kāmarāgadosehi vadhikā. Rāgadosagatiyotipi pāṭho. Osarantīti dhanagahaṇatthāya madhuravacanena taṃ bandhantiyo upagacchanti. Sadhananti sadhanā. Ayameva vā pāṭho, vatthālaṅkāratthāya kiñci attano dhanaṃ datvāpi osarantīti attho. Sahattanāti attabhāvena saddhiṃ attabhāvampi tasseva pariccajantiyo viya honti. Ativeṭhayantīti dhanagahaṇatthāya ativiya veṭhenti pīḷenti.
不定者,即心不定也。盐水涩意喻心波动不宁。水者即流,喻因放逸生敌害之意。欲者谓爱好,乐欲之义。爱乐指五欲之念。财乃财富因由。火维摩罗为火之象征,以比智慧之光。欲害说,即贪欲之害消灭。一切贪欲往来作祟,如蜜饵缚牢,所积财富虽多其乐难长。合契者谓相合不离,犹如自性同体,亦诸众生共受其苦。强力掠夺者,形容贪财迫害施与者。
Vividhena chandasāti nānāvidhena ākārena. Citrabimbamukhiyoti alaṅkāravasena citrasarīrā citramukhiyo hutvā. Uhasantīti mahāhasitaṃ hasanti. Pahasantīti mandahasitaṃ hasanti. Sambarovāti māyākārapuriso viya asurindo viya ca . Dānavaṃva hadayantarassitāti yathā ‘‘kuto nu āgacchatha, bho, tayo janā’’ti karaṇḍakajātake (jā. 1.9.87 ādayo) hadayantaranissitā antoudaragatāpi dānavaṃ aticari, evaṃ aticaranti. Arakkhitā hetāti dīpeti. Na bhāsatīti na virocati haritacalomasakassapakusarājāno viya. Tenāti tamhā amittena katā byasanā atirekataraṃ byasananti attho. Apekkhavāti sataṇho.
多欲者,谓多样之欲求。花颜面貌,喻外表华丽之装饰。笑者谓喜笑盛大或浅笑。搅扰者,比作幻术变化之人,恶魔。鬼神亦如『三人来何?』依仗恐怖以暗害他人。失戒失护者,如火毁灯,不复光明。隐喻贪者被敌所逐,沉于罪业难以自脱。依赖者,即依赖恶友。
Kesalūnanakhachinnatajjitāti ākaḍḍhitvā lūnakesā nakhehi chinnagattā tajjitā pādādīhi ca tāḷitāva hutvā. Yo kilesavasena etepi vippakāre karoti, tādisaṃ hīnameva upagatā nāriyo ramanti, na ete vippakāre pariharanti, madhurasamācāre kiṃkāraṇā tā na ramanti. Kuṇapeva makkhikāti yasmā jegucchahatthikuṇapādimhi makkhikā viya tā hīneyeva ramantīti attho. Oḍḍitanti na etā itthiyo nāma, atha kho imesu ṭhānesu namucino kilesamārassa migapakkhigahaṇatthaṃ luddakehi oḍḍitaṃ pāsañca vākarañcāti maññamāno paññācakkhumā puriso dibbamānusikena sukhena atthiko parivajjeyya.
谓损毁发指爪足,形如枯焦之枝。此喻内心烦恼恶行,自损自痴之人,如同游说者荒弃美好,乐于恶染。因有秽垢者,不亲近美好之人。犹如虱蝇依附肮脏之处,身败名裂,然愚者尚乐此恶。诬断并非女子名,谓在此处指陷入污秽烦恼之牢籠囹圄。聪慧者应避此恶,远离世间恶趣。
Ossajitvāti devamanussesu mahāsampattidāyakaṃ tapoguṇaṃ chaḍḍetvā. Yoti yo puriso anariyesu aparisuddhesu kāmaguṇesu kāmaraticaritāni ācarati. Devatāhi nirayaṃ nimissatīti so devalokena parivattitvā nirayaṃ gaṇhissati. Chedagāmimaṇiyaṃva vāṇijoti yathā bālavāṇijo satasahassagghabhaṇḍaṃ datvā chedagāmimaṇikaṃ gaṇhāti, tathārūpo ayaṃ hotīti attho. Soti so itthīnaṃ vasaṃ gato. Aniyatoti ettakaṃ nāma kālaṃ apāyesu paccissatīti aniyato. Gaḷāgaḷanti devalokā vā manussalokā vā gaḷitvā apāyameva gacchatīti attho. Yathā kiṃ? Duṭṭhagadrabharathova uppatheti, yathā kūṭagadrabhayuttaratho maggā okkamitvā uppatheyeva gacchati, tathā. Sattisimbalivananti sattisadisehi kaṇṭakehi yuttaṃ āyasaṃ simbalivanaṃ. Petarājavisayanti petavisayañca kālakañcikaasuravisayañca.
僧伽施舍仙天,释弃修行火焰。谓若人行非圣清净处欲乐行,为诸天魔境之害。此人虽在天界,终堕地狱。譬如愚商千金纵财作买卖,终被买者夺尽一切,此亦如是。所谓有女色住,谓执着人世之妇女生活。无定者,指未来时代堕落之时,必遭恶报。诸天界人或人类若狂乱不安,必堕于恶趣。譬如不善象进山谷,捷径入山,不通大道。又譬如满布铠甲的荆棘林地,皆含致命危机。鬼神狱地皆为邪恶之地。
Pamādinanti pamattānaṃ. Te hi pamadāsu pamattā tāsaṃ sampattīnaṃ mūlabhūtaṃ kusalaṃ na karonti, iti tesaṃ pamadā sabbā tā nāsenti nāma. Paṭipādayantīti tathāvidhaṃ purisaṃ tā pamādavaseneva akusalaṃ kāretvā duggatiṃ paṭipādenti nāma. Soṇṇabyamhanilayāti suvaṇṇamayavimānavāsiniyo. Pamadāhanatthikāti ye purisā pamadāhi anatthikā hutvā brahmacariyaṃ caranti. Kāmadhātusamatikkamāti kāmadhātusamatikkamā yā gati. Rūpadhātuyā bhāvoti yo kāmadhātusamatikkamagatisaṅkhāto rūpadhātuyā bhāvo, so tesaṃ na dullabho. Vītarāgavisayūpapatti yāti yā vītarāgavisaye suddhāvāsaloke upapatti, sāpi tesaṃ na dullabhāti attho. Accantanti antātītaṃ avināsadhammaṃ. Acalitanti kilesehi akampitaṃ. Nibbutehīti nibbutakilesehi. Sucihīti sucīhi parisuddhehi evarūpaṃ nibbānaṃ na dullabhanti.
疏忽者谓之疏忽。彼等因疏忽而疏懈,不行诸善之根本与所依之功德,因此其疏忽一切都不能灭除。所谓引导者,谓以此类疏忽之人,如同让其自生不善业,遂入恶道。所谓『金、白、蓝宝』者,指居于金色宝阁中的天人。所谓『疏忽无益』,谓那些虽行梵行,却处于无益疏忽之中的人。所谓『越欲界』,谓已超越欲界的境界。所谓『色界存在』,即指超越欲界、止于色界的存在者,此境界对他们不算罕见。所谓『无爱境界之生起』,谓在无爱处所净清世界的再生,此亦不罕见。所谓『极净』,谓极致超越、永灭不坏之法。所谓『不动』,谓由烦恼未动摇之法。所谓『灭尽』,谓灭尽烦恼。所谓『清净』,谓由清净而洁净之法。如是涅槃非彼等难得之境。
Evaṃ mahāsatto amatamahānibbānaṃ pāpetvā desanaṃ niṭṭhāpesi. Himavante kinnaramahoragādayo ākāse ṭhitā devatā ca ‘‘aho buddhalīlāya kathitā’’ti sādhukāraṃ adaṃsu . Ānando gijjharājā nārado devabrāhmaṇo puṇṇamukho ca phussakokilo attano attano parisaṃ ādāya yathāṭhānameva gamiṃsu. Mahāsattopi sakaṭṭhānameva gato. Itare pana antarantarā gantvā mahāsattassa santike ovādaṃ gahetvā tasmiṃ ovāde ṭhatvā saggaparāyaṇā ahesuṃ.
伟大尊者成就无上无边的涅槃后,圆满演说教法。喜马拉雅山中,金翅鸟、龙等天龙神安住空中天宫,赞叹称:“啊,佛陀妙乐之说真美妙!”阿难、猕猴王、天人中婆罗门那罗陀、面满福德者、善唱啼声鹊鸟,各自携其随从,即前往圣地。伟大尊者也径达到相同之处。其他天人则断续前往,近听伟大尊者教诲,因之向往天上极乐。
Satthā imaṃ dhammadesanaṃ āharitvā jātakaṃ samodhānento osānagāthā abhāsi –
佛陀引述此法说,通过阐释本生故事作总结,唱诵赞美歌谣:
§370
370.
三百七十首。
‘‘Kuṇālohaṃ tadā āsiṃ, udāyī phussakokilo;
“那时我名为昆奴洛,伍答夷是啼叫的鹊鸟;
Ānando gijjharājāsi, sāriputto ca nārado;
阿难是猕猴王,沙利子和那罗陀也在。”
Parisā buddhaparisā, evaṃ dhāretha jātaka’’nti.
「比库僧伽,谓之如是,应当记持,‘此即本生经’。」
Te pana bhikkhū gamanakāle satthānubhāvena gantvā āgamanakāle attano attanova ānubhāvena āgatā. Tesaṃ satthā mahāvaneyeva kammaṭṭhānaṃ kathesi. Sabbepi te taṃ divasameva arahattaṃ pāpuṇiṃsu. Mahādevatāsamāgamo ahosi. Athassa bhagavā mahāsamayasuttaṃ (dī. ni. 2.331 ādayo) kathesi.
那些比库在行脚期间凭依师长的感召前往,返回之时则凭依自身自身的感受而归来。师长为他们讲说于大林中的功课场所。无一例外,他们当日皆证阿拉汉果。遂聚众于大神会,世尊宣说了《大神会经》经文。
Kuṇālajātakavaṇṇanā catutthā. · 俱那罗本生注释第四。
[537] 5. Mahāsutasomajātakavaṇṇanā
汝何以为蜜蜂嗡嗡其音?时,师尊住在接引树林,起首讥诮老长老手戴指环。在其起央、出家、受具足戒之由,由大经说序言,详加演绎而明知。此人以信誓之仪昭示,因其母腹中真肚胎,得女子智慧与声名,自此以后行为坐怀不乱,修习 secluded隐居,到后段期获阿拉汉果,洞察神通;在无数长老中,堪称第一也。当时众法会之上,如何起言议论,曰:「比友们啊,誓言由世尊调伏那个满手血迹、著名大贼指环者,以无鞭无刀制伏,令其归依,非是易事。佛陀以此为艰难之行。」师尊立于香塔舍,以天眼听闻其语,知晓当日将来行程殊胜宏大,赴广大法会,安坐上首显座,问曰:「比库们,现在尔等皆是为谁所称?」答曰:「此名曰指环」,不觉中,师尊语众曰:「诸比库,此乃吾已证至大无上正等觉后,制伏此贼之事,今处非异也。宿世持戒行善之故,至此地善加调伏。」于是应众请求,详述其往昔事迹。
Kasmā tuvaṃ rasaka edisānīti idaṃ satthā jetavane viharanto aṅgulimālattheradamanaṃ ārabbha kathesi. Tassa uppatti ca pabbajjā ca upasampadā ca aṅgulimālasuttavaṇṇanāyaṃ (ma. ni. aṭṭha. 2.34 ādayo) vuttanayena vitthārato veditabbā. So pana saccakiriyāya mūḷhagabbhāya itthiyā sotthibhāvaṃ katvā tato paṭṭhāya sulabhapiṇḍo hutvā vivekamanubrūhanto aparabhāge arahattaṃ patvā abhiññātova asītiyā mahātherānaṃ abbhantaro ahosi. Tasmiṃ kāle dhammasabhāyaṃ kathaṃ samuṭṭhāpesuṃ – ‘‘āvuso, aho vata bhagavatā tathārūpaṃ luddaṃ lohitapāṇiṃ mahācoraṃ aṅgulimālaṃ adaṇḍena asatthena dametvā nibbisevanaṃ karontena dukkaraṃ kataṃ, aho buddhā nāma dukkarakārino’’ti. Satthā gandhakuṭiyaṃ ṭhitova dibbasotena taṃ kathaṃ sutvā ‘‘ajja mama gamanaṃ bahupakāraṃ bhavissati, mahādhammadesanā pavattissatī’’ti ñatvā anopamāya buddhalīlāya dhammasabhaṃ gantvā varapaññattāsane nisīditvā ‘‘kāya nuttha, bhikkhave, etarahi kathāya sannisinnā’’ti pucchitvā ‘‘imāya nāmā’’ti vutte ‘‘anacchariyaṃ, bhikkhave, idāneva paramābhisambodhiṃ pattena mayā etassa damanaṃ, svāhaṃ pubbacariyaṃ caranto padesañāṇe ṭhitopi etaṃ damesi’’nti vatvā tehi yācito atītaṃ āhari.
过去在迦罗跋城,国王名曰“迦罗跋”,治国以法治之。时,菩萨生于其王后胎中。胎孕十月期间,生出一金色男儿,人称“苏多苏摩”,因听声而得名。国王老迈,赠予念师一千法币,托其教导怀胎子。师承师命入城,循其道路而行。彼时,迦罗跋王子及婆罗门子弟同时出城,俱行路上。苏多苏摩坐于市门桥板休息,婆罗门子弟亦同坐一桥板。苏多苏摩起身招呼婆罗门,说:「善哉,汝真通达于道,何由而来?」对曰:「巴拉那城人。」复问:「谁子?」答曰:「迦尸王子。」又曰:「蒙何由来此?」答曰:「为习师指导。」复问:「尔亦道通?」彼应答皆明了。二人共语言:「我等皆为武士,单独一师指导,以求法艺。」彼此交好,相约入城。进至师门,拜敬导师,约谈出身家世及来由,互纪教诲目的。师赞曰:「善哉!」乃受师命,传授技艺。
Atīte kururaṭṭhe indapatthanagare korabyo nāma rājā dhammena rajjaṃ kāresi. Tadā bodhisatto tassa aggamahesiyā kucchimhi nibbatti. Dasamāse atikkante suvaṇṇavaṇṇaṃ puttaṃ vijāyi, sutavittatāya pana naṃ ‘‘sutasomo’’ti sañjāniṃsu. Tamenaṃ rājā vayappattaṃ nikkhasahassaṃ datvā disāpāmokkhassa ācariyassa santike sippuggahaṇatthāya takkasilaṃ pesesi. So ācariyabhāgaṃ ādāya nagarā nikkhamitvā maggaṃ paṭipajji. Tadā bārāṇasiyaṃ kāsirañño putto brahmadattakumāropi tatheva vatvā pitarā pesito nagarā nikkhamitvā tameva maggaṃ paṭipajji. Atha sutasomo maggaṃ gantvā nagaradvāre sālāya phalake vissamatthāya nisīdi. Brahmadattakumāropi gantvā tena saddhiṃ ekaphalake nisīdi. Atha naṃ sutasomo paṭisanthāraṃ karonto ‘‘samma, maggakilantosi, kuto āgacchasī’’ti pucchitvā ‘‘bārāṇasito’’ti vutte ‘‘kassa puttosī’’ti vatvā ‘‘kāsirañño puttomhī’’ti vutte ‘‘ko nāmosī’’ti vatvā ‘‘ahaṃ brahmadattakumāro nāmā’’ti vutte ‘‘kena kāraṇena idhāgatosī’’ti pucchi. So ‘‘sippuggahaṇatthāyā’’ti vatvā ‘‘tvampi maggakilantosi, kuto āgacchasī’’ti teneva nayena itaraṃ pucchi. Sopi tassa sabbaṃ ācikkhi. Te ubhopi ‘‘mayaṃ khattiyā, ekācariyasseva santike sippuggahaṇatthāya gacchāmā’’ti aññamaññaṃ mittabhāvaṃ katvā nagaraṃ pavisitvā ācariyakulaṃ gantvā ācariyaṃ vanditvā attano jātiādiṃ kathetvā sippuggahaṇatthāya āgatabhāvaṃ kathesuṃ. So ‘‘sādhū’’ti sampaṭicchi. Te ācariyabhāgaṃ datvā sippaṃ paṭṭhapesuṃ.
非但如此,当时珍珠岛上约一百位王子,也以修习技艺至师门。苏多苏摩为其中长老,勤习技艺,不久即达成精进之境界。遂到他方求学,拜见婆罗门王子,如兄弟般,得受相同教授。授业后,大家共结伴离去。时,苏多苏摩立于路旁,勉励众人曰:「尔曹当向各自父君呈示尔技艺,并于国中安置,使之生效,我方听其反馈。」众问:「如何是也,师父?」答曰:「于月中护持消夏戒,不得杀生。」众此言,皆欢喜称善。与此同时,菩萨识得未来危险,特劝众人,警戒将来巴拉那城婆罗门王子极可能起大难,遂令各自返乡,以示技艺,稳建所传教化基础。众即响应,分头返回,展现技艺,确立政务,争相宣传戒律及告诫。菩萨闻此动向,叮嘱众人曰:「当极其小心。」诸人悉矣。
Na kevalañca te dveva, aññepi tadā jambudīpe ekasatamattā rājaputtā tassa santike sippaṃ uggaṇhanti. Sutasomo tesaṃ jeṭṭhantevāsiko hutvā sippaṃ upadisanto nacirasseva nipphattiṃ pāpuṇi. So aññassa santikaṃ agantvā ‘‘sahāyo me’’ti brahmadattassa kumārasseva santikaṃ gantvā tassa piṭṭhiācariyo hutvā sippaṃ sikkhāpesi. Itaresampi anukkamena sippaṃ niṭṭhitaṃ. Te anuyogaṃ datvā ācariyaṃ vanditvā sutasomaṃ parivāretvā nikkhamiṃsu. Atha ne sutasomo maggantare ṭhatvā uyyojento ‘‘tumhe attano attano pitūnaṃ sippaṃ dassetvā rajjesu patiṭṭhahissatha, patiṭṭhitā ca pana mamovādaṃ kareyyāthā’’ti āha. ‘‘Kiṃ , ācariyā’’ti? ‘‘Pakkhadivasesu uposathikā hutvā mā ghātaṃ kareyyāthā’’ti. Te ‘‘sādhū’’ti sampaṭicchiṃsu. Bodhisattopi aṅgavijjāpāṭhakattā ‘‘anāgate bārāṇasiyaṃ brahmadattakumāraṃ nissāya mahābhayaṃ uppajjissatī’’ti ñatvā te evaṃ ovaditvā uyyojesi. Te sabbepi attano attano janapadaṃ gantvā pitūnaṃ sippaṃ dassetvā rajjesu patiṭṭhāya patiṭṭhitabhāvañceva ovāde vattanabhāvañca jānāpetuṃ paṇṇākārena saddhiṃ paṇṇāni pahiṇiṃsu. Mahāsatto taṃ pavattiṃ sutvā ‘‘appamattāva hothā’’ti paṇṇāni paṭipesesi.
不仅如此,非独此二人,当时在赡部洲亦有约百位王子在其处学习技艺。苏达索玛成为彼等之首席学生,指导技艺,不久即告圆满。彼未前往他人处,而以『此乃我之友』之故,专程前往梵德王子处,成为其背后之老师,亲授技艺。其余诸人亦依序完成技艺学习。彼等勤加练习后,礼拜老师,围绕苏达索玛而离去。于是苏达索玛立于途中为彼等送行时告诫道:『汝等当各自向己父展示技艺,于王国中立足,立足之后当奉行我之教导。』彼等问:『老师,何事?』曰:『于月半之日当持守伍波萨他,勿行杀生。』彼等皆应诺『善哉』而承受。菩萨亦因通晓相术预言之故,知晓『未来将因依止巴拉纳西之梵德王子而生大怖畏』,如此告诫彼等后送之离去。彼等一一各归本国,向父王展示技艺,于王国中立足,为令人知晓其已立足及奉行教导之情况,随同礼品一并遣送书信。大士闻此消息后,回信道:『汝等务当不放逸。』
Tesu bārāṇasirājā vinā maṃsena bhattaṃ na bhuñjati. Uposathadivasatthāyapissa maṃsaṃ gahetvā ṭhapesi. Athekadivasaṃ evaṃ ṭhapitamaṃsaṃ bhattakārakassa pamādena rājagehe koleyyakasunakhā khādiṃsu. Bhattakārako taṃ maṃsaṃ aditvā kahāpaṇamuṭṭhiṃ ādāya carantopi maṃsaṃ uppādetuṃ asakkonto ‘‘sace amaṃsakabhattaṃ upanāmessāmi, jīvitaṃ me natthi, kiṃ nu kho karissāmī’’ti cintetvā ‘‘attheso upāyo’’ti vikāle āmakasusānaṃ gantvā muhuttamatassa purisassa ūrumaṃsaṃ āharitvā supakkaṃ pacitvā bhattaṃ upanāmesi. Rañño maṃsakhaṇḍaṃ jivhagge ṭhapitamattameva satta rasaharaṇisahassāni phari, sakalasarīraṃ khobhetvā aṭṭhāsi. Kiṃkāraṇā? Pubbe cassa sevanatāya. So kira atītānantare attabhāve yakkho hutvā bahuṃ manussamaṃsaṃ khāditapubbo, tenassa taṃ piyaṃ ahosi . So ‘‘sacāhaṃ tuṇhīyeva bhuñjissāmi, na me ayaṃ imaṃ maṃsaṃ kathessatī’’ti cintetvā saha kheḷena bhūmiyaṃ pātesi. ‘‘Niddosaṃ, deva, khādāhī’’ti vutte manusse paṭikkamāpetvā ‘‘ahametassa niddosabhāvaṃ jānāmi, kiṃ nāmetaṃ maṃsa’’nti pucchi. ‘‘Purimadivasesu paribhogamaṃsameva, devā’’ti. ‘‘Nanu aññasmiṃ kāle ayaṃ raso natthī’’ti? ‘‘Ajja supakkaṃ, devā’’ti. ‘‘Nanu pubbepi evameva pacasī’’ti. Atha naṃ tuṇhībhūtaṃ ñatvā ‘‘sabhāvaṃ kathehi, no ce kathesi, jīvitaṃ te natthī’’ti āha. So abhayaṃ yācitvā yathābhūtaṃ kathesi. Rājā ‘‘mā saddamakāsi, pakatiyā pacanakamaṃsaṃ tvaṃ khāditvā mayhaṃ manussamaṃsameva pacāhī’’ti āha. ‘‘Nanu dukkaraṃ, devā’’ti? ‘‘Mā bhāyi, na dukkara’’nti. ‘‘Nibaddhaṃ kuto labhissāmi, devā’’ti? ‘‘Nanu bandhanāgāre bahū manussā’’ti. So tato paṭṭhāya tathā akāsi.
当时巴拉那西王不食用肉食。斋日有七天,他取肉食而置之。有一天,因厨役疏忽,在王宫中,宫女们食用了放置的肉。厨役发现肉被食,心生恐惧,带着一把铜钱想离开,却无法再弄出肉食,便自思“若我为王献肉食,则无生计,我该怎么办?”于是他心念“此为良策”,傍晚时分前往恶鬼之处,片刻便取来男人臀部的肉,烹熟献上。国王将肉块挂在火炉上,仅此一块肉就收取七千颗宝珠,震动全身而站立。何因?此前曾用过此物。该厨役在过去无数世中曾为恶鬼,食用过许多人的肉,因而此肉对他殊为珍贵。他思“我只愿单独食之,不让别人知此肉。”遂与妻子嬉戏于地。鬼神告言“无人责怪,尽管食用吧。”国王疑问“我知此人无害,此为何肉?”答曰“昔日常用之肉。”问“难道他此时没有肉了?”答“今肉新鲜。”问“以前也是如此烹制?”答“确是如此。”后来知其无害鬼神命他“述说真相,否则你无生计。”他获恳免无畏,将真情陈白。国王说“不要吵闹,你吃过厨师做的肉,像我一般烹治。”问“难不成很困难?”答“不难。”又问“捆绑从何来?”答“许多人囚于狱中。”于是他离开原地,按此行事。
Aparabhāge bandhanāgāre manussesu khīṇesu ‘‘idāni kiṃ karissāmi, devā’’ti āha. ‘‘Antarāmagge sahassabhaṇḍikaṃ khipitvā yo taṃ gaṇhāti, taṃ ‘coro’ti gahetvā mārehī’’ti āha. So tathā akāsi. Aparabhāge rājabhayena sahassabhaṇḍikaṃ olokentampi adisvā ‘‘idāni kiṃ karissāmī’’ti āha. ‘‘Yadā bherivelāya nagaraṃ ākulaṃ hoti, tadā tvaṃ pana ekasmiṃ gharasandhimhi vā vīthiyaṃ vā catukke vā ṭhatvā manusse māretvā maṃsaṃ gaṇhāhī’’ti. So tato paṭṭhāya tathā katvā thūlamaṃsaṃ ādāya gacchati. Tesu tesu ṭhānesu kaḷevarāni dissanti. Mama mātā na paññāyati, mama pitā na paññāyati, mama bhātā bhaginī ca na paññāyati, manussānaṃ paridevanasaddo sūyati. Nāgarā bhītatasitā ‘‘ime manusse sīho nu kho khādati, byaggho nu kho khādati, yakkho nu kho khādatī’’ti olokentā pahāramukhaṃ disvā ‘‘eko manussakhādako coro ime khādatī’’ti maññanti. Mahājanā rājaṅgaṇe sannipatitvā upakkosiṃsu. Rājā ‘‘kiṃ, tātā’’ti pucchi. ‘‘Deva imasmiṃ nagare manussakhādako coro atthi, taṃ gaṇhāpethā’’ti āhaṃsu. ‘‘Ahaṃ kathaṃ taṃ jānissāmi, kiṃ ahaṃ nagaraṃ rakkhantopi carāmī’’ti.
后来厨役在狱中对囚犯问“现在我该做何事,鬼神?”答曰“若你在囚室入口放千铜钱,若有人拿去,则称其为盗贼杀之。”他依教而行。后来因国王恐惧见到千铜钱,问“我该如何?”答曰“当猛兽肆虐之时,你单独守护一门居所或街巷,杀人取肉。”他遵命行事,携带腐肉四处行走。各处均见尸体。家人不解其意,亲友不解其实,城中人闻声哀叹。城民恐惧,视察时见疮疤多端,如狮虎恶鬼食人,便误以为是人食人盗贼所为。百姓聚集议论,向国王咸告此事。国王问“何事大王?”答曰“城中有食人盗贼,请抓获。”国王言“我怎知?我亦守护城池。”
Mahājanā ‘‘rājā nagarena anatthiko, kāḷahatthisenāpatissa ācikkhissāmā’’ti gantvā tassa taṃ kathetvā ‘‘coraṃ pariyesituṃ vaṭṭatī’’ti vadiṃsu. So ‘‘sādhu sattāhaṃ āgametha, pariyesitvā coraṃ dassāmī’’ti mahājane uyyojetvā purise āṇāpesi, ‘‘tātā, nagare kira manussakhādako coro atthi, tumhe tesu tesu ṭhānesu nilīyitvā taṃ gaṇhathā’’ti. Te ‘‘sādhū’’ti sampaṭicchitvā tato paṭṭhāya nagaraṃ pariggaṇhanti. Bhattakārakopi ekasmiṃ gharasandhimhi sampaṭicchanno hutvā ekaṃ itthiṃ māretvā ghanaghanamaṃsaṃ ādāya pacchiyaṃ pūretuṃ ārabhi. Atha naṃ te purisā gahetvā pothetvā pacchābāhaṃ bandhitvā ‘‘gahito manussakhādako coro’’ti mahāsaddaṃ kariṃsu. Mahājano taṃ parivāresi. Atha naṃ suṭṭhu bandhitvā maṃsapacchiṃ gīvāya bandhitvā ādāya senāpatissa dassesuṃ. Senāpati taṃ disvā ‘‘kiṃ nu kho esa imaṃ maṃsaṃ khādati, udāhu aññena maṃsena missetvā vikkiṇāti, udāhu aññassa vacanena māretī’’ti cintetvā tamatthaṃ pucchanto paṭhamaṃ gāthamāha –
百姓曰“国王无益,听命于黑象将军,我们告知他,盗贼正在寻觅。”国王闻命,便启众人“众父兄,该城中多有食人盗贼,你们潜伏各处捕获。”众人齐声赞同,开行动手,巡视全城。厨役装作神志正常,杀一女取浓肉,开始用盐腌制。此时人们抓获他,反绑于身后,大声称为“抓获食人盗贼。”大众围观。厨役被牢牢绑缚,带至将军那里呈报。将军见状,心中思忖“这人为何食此肉?他岂不是用别种肉掺假卖出?还是用别人言语杀人?”遂问他首句偈语——
§371
371.
‘‘Kasmā tuvaṃ rasaka edisāni, karosi kammāni sudāruṇāni;
“为何你近期行恶业,制造如此凶残恶行;杀戮男女愚人,因贪肉而无财可得。”
Hanāsi itthī purise ca mūḷho, maṃsassa hetu adu dhanassa kāraṇā’’ti.
『汝愚痴者,为肉之故或为财之故,而杀害女人与男人。』
Tattha rasakāti bhattakāraṇaṃ ālapati.
于此处, rasa-ka 解释为饮食之因,指的是食物的缘由。
Ito paraṃ uttānasambandhāni vacanapaṭivacanāni pāḷivaseneva veditabbāni –
随后,关于相对立的关系及对话,应当如巴利语原本一般被理解和认识——
§372
372.
‘‘Na attahetū na dhanassa kāraṇā, na puttadārassa sahāyañātinaṃ;
『非因自身利益,亦非因财物原因,亦非因子女亲族伴侣;
Bhattā ca me bhagavā bhūmipālo, so khādati maṃsaṃ bhadantedisaṃ.
世尊我是土地之守护者,他食用四面美肉。』
§373
373.
‘‘Sace tuvaṃ bhatturatthe payutto, karosi kammāni sudāruṇāni;
「如果你这位贤士夜晚从事极其可怕的业行,
Pātova antepuraṃ pāpuṇitvā, lapeyyāsi me rājino sammukhe taṃ.
仿佛跌入宫廷深处,必将在国王面前遭受斥责。」
§374
374.
‘‘Tathā karissāmi ahaṃ bhadante, yathā tuvaṃ bhāsasi kāḷahatthi;
「尊者,我也将如此行事,正如你所言的那头黑象;
Pātova antepuraṃ pāpuṇitvā, vakkhāmi te rājino sammukhe ta’’nti.
仿佛跌入宫廷深处,我将在国王面前为你辩白。」
Tattha bhagavāti gāravādhivacanaṃ. Sace tuvanti ‘‘saccaṃ nu kho bhaṇati, udāhu maraṇabhayena musā bhaṇatī’’ti vīmaṃsanto evamāha. Tattha sudāruṇānīti manussaghātakammāni. Sammukhe tanti sammukhe ṭhatvā evaṃ vadeyyāsīti. So sampaṭicchanto gāthamāha.
此处『世尊』为尊敬称谓。关于“如果你……”说法,有考察谓:「他是否确实说了真话?还是因恐惧死亡而说谎?」此理据此定说。‘极其可怕的’指杀害人命的业行。‘在国王面前’意即在国王正前方站立,直接陈说。于是他随即吟诵此偈,表示应当如此言辞相称。
Atha naṃ senāpati gāḷhabandhanameva sayāpetvā vibhātāya rattiyā amaccehi ca nāgarehi ca saddhiṃ mantetvā sabbesu ekacchandesu jātesu sabbaṭṭhānesu ārakkhaṃ ṭhapetvā nagaraṃ hatthagataṃ katvā rasakassa gīvāyaṃ maṃsapacchiṃ bandhitvā ādāya rājanivesanaṃ pāyāsi. Sakalanagaraṃ viravi. Rājā hiyyo bhuttapātarāso sāyamāsampi alabhitvā ‘‘rasako idāni āgacchissati, idāni āgacchassatī’’ti nisinnova taṃ rattiṃ vītināmetvā ‘‘ajjapi rasako nāgacchati, nāgarānañca mahāsaddo sūyati, kiṃ nū kho eta’’nti vātapānena olokento taṃ tathā ānīyamānaṃ disvā ‘‘pākaṭaṃ idaṃ kāraṇaṃ jāta’’nti cintetvā satiṃ upaṭṭhapetvā pallaṅkeyeva nisīdi. Kāḷahatthipi naṃ upasaṅkamitvā anuyuñji, sopissa kathesi. Tamatthaṃ pakāsento satthā āha –
于是将军只带着囚犯的锁链安置于床上,夜间与仆人及城中居民共同商议,在所有一致的意见和各处设立守卫后,把城市守护严密,将囚犯关押起来,用绳索绑住囚犯的舌头和肉身,携带着去王宫附近的水池。整个城市变得寂静。国王昨天未能获得饮食,傍晚时分仍然未能取食,心想“囚犯现在会前来,现在应当前来吧”。于是整夜未眠,注意到囚犯果然归来,城中响起巨大的喧哗声,思虑“这究竟是什么缘故?”他观察着风向,看到这状况发生,心里有所思维,保持正念,坐在床榻上。黑象也走近他,陪伴着他,向他述说。佛陀亲自说明其意说——
§375
375.
三百七十五。
‘‘Tato ratyā vivasāne, sūriyuggamanaṃ pati;
“当夜末时,太阳即将升起;
Kāḷo rasakamādāya, rājānaṃ upasaṅkami;
黑象带着囚犯,向王靠近;
Upasaṅkamma rājānaṃ, idaṃ vacanamabravi.
前来到王前,诵说这番话。
§376
376.
三百七十六。
‘‘Saccaṃ kira mahārāja, rasako pesito tayā.
『确实如此,大王啊,盗贼是你所派遣的。』
Hanati itthipurise, tuvaṃ maṃsāni khādasi.
『他伤害妇女,你却吃她们的肉。』
§377
377.
三百七十七。
‘‘Evameva tathā kāḷa, rasako pesito mayā;
『正如如此,亦如我所派遣的盗贼;』
Mama atthaṃ karontassa, kimetaṃ paribhāsasī’’ti.
『既为我利益行事,你为何如此讥讽呢?』
Tattha kāḷāti kāḷahatthi. Evamevāti tena senāpatinā tejavantena anuyutto rājā musā vattuṃ asakkonto evamāha. Tattha tathāti idaṃ purimassa vevacanaṃ. Mama atthanti mama vuḍḍhiṃ. Karontassāti karontaṃ. Kimetanti kasmā etaṃ. Paribhāsasīti aho dukkaraṃ karosi, kāḷahatthi tvaṃ nāma aññaṃ coraṃ aggahetvā mama pesanakārakaṃ gaṇhāsīti tassa bhayaṃ janento kathesi.
此处『kāḷa』谓『黑象』。『evameva』谓『正如如此』,因当时那位英雄将军随从,国王无力虚言辩驳,故言此。『tatha』意为『如此』,此为前句代词。『mama atthaṃ karontassa』意谓『为我利益而行事』。『kimetaṃ』意为『何以此事』。『paribhāsasi』谓『做艰难的言语』。盗贼黑象闻言恐惧,认为你夺取了他人盗贼的首领身份,捕获了我所派遣者,因而害怕而如此说。
Taṃ sutvā senāpati ‘‘ayaṃ sakeneva mukhena paṭijānāti, aho sāhasiko, ettakaṃ nāma kālaṃ ime manussā etena khāditā, vāressāmi na’’nti cintetvā āha – ‘‘mahārāja, mā evaṃ kari, mā manussamaṃsaṃ khādasī’’ti. ‘‘Kāḷahatthi kiṃ kathesi, nāhaṃ viramituṃ sakkomī’’ti. ‘‘Mahārāja, sace na viramissasi, attānañca raṭṭhañca nāsessasī’’ti. ‘‘Evaṃ nassantepi ahaṃ neva tato viramituṃ sakkomī’’ti. Tato senāpati tassa saññāpanatthāya vatthuṃ āharitvā dasseti – atītasmiñhi kāle mahāsamudde cha mahāmacchā ahesuṃ. Tesu ānando timinando ajjhārohoti ime tayo macchā pañcayojanasatikā, timiṅgalo timirapiṅgalo mahātimirapiṅgaloti ime tayo macchā sahassayojanikā honti. Te sabbepi pāsāṇasevālabhakkhā ahesuṃ. Tesu ānando mahāsamuddassa ekapasse vasati. Taṃ bahū macchā dassanāya upasaṅkamanti, ekadivasaṃ ‘‘sabbesaṃ dvipadacatuppadānaṃ sattānaṃ rājā paññāyati, amhākaṃ rājā natthi, mayampetaṃ rājānaṃ karissāmā’’ti cintetvā sabbe ekacchandā hutvā ānandaṃ rājānaṃ kariṃsu. Te macchā tato paṭṭhāya tassa sāyaṃ pātova upaṭṭhānaṃ gacchanti.
彼时大将军听闻后,思忖说道:“此人正是萨咖之口在发言,真勇猛。如此时间,众人皆受其吞噬,我不肯罢休。”遂言道:“陛下,勿如此行,勿食人肉。”对方答道:“黑象尔言何事?吾不肯止手。”大将军告诫曰:“陛下,若不舍止,必害自身及国。”回曰:“即使如此毁灭,吾亦不能止手。”随后大将军呈报此事,带来以下故事加以说明:往昔时代,海中有三巨鱼。其名曰:安那多、提明那多、摩提明那多,皆长百余由旬,色若赤铜,身全披覆岩石。安那多居于大海一角。众多鱼类靠近观看,每日议论:“诸两足有翼生物中,王者唯有此,吾等无王,当立此为王。”众鱼异口同心,即立安那多为王。此等鱼群遂尾随安那多,日暮则归其侍奉地方。
Athekadivasaṃ ānando ekasmiṃ pabbate pāsāṇasevālaṃ khādanto ajānitvā ‘‘sevālo’’ti saññāya ekaṃ macchaṃ khādi. Tassa taṃ maṃsaṃ khādantassa sakalasarīraṃ saṅkhobhesi. So ‘‘kiṃ nu kho idaṃ ativiya madhura’’nti nīharitvā olokento macchamaṃsakhaṇḍaṃ disvā ‘‘ettakaṃ kālaṃ ajānitvā na khādāmī’’ti cintetvā ‘‘sāyaṃ pātopi macchānaṃ āgantvā gamanakāle ekaṃ dve macche khādissāmi, pākaṭaṃ katvā khādiyamāne ekopi maṃ na upasaṅkamissati, sabbe palāyissanti, paṭicchanno hutvā pacchā osakkitosakkitaṃ paharitvā khādissāmī’’ti tathā katvā khādi. Macchā parikkhayaṃ gacchantā cintayiṃsu. ‘‘Kuto nu kho ñātīnaṃ bhayaṃ uppajjissatī’’ti. Atheko paṇḍito maccho ‘‘mayhaṃ ānandassa kiriyā na ruccati, pariggaṇhissāmi na’’nti macchesu upaṭṭhānaṃ gatesu ānandassa kaṇṇapatte paṭicchanno aṭṭhāsi. Ānando macche uyyojetvā sabbapacchato gacchantaṃ macchaṃ khādi. So paṇḍitamaccho tassa kiriyaṃ disvā itaresaṃ ārocesi. Te sabbepi bhītatasitā palāyiṃsu.
某日,安那多于一岩处啖食时,不察觉其称为“岩石”的鱼身,一啖之。其肉入腹,搅动全身。安那多心想:“此肉极为鲜甘。”环视照见鱼体残块,悔言:“若早知此肉,当不食也。今日傍晚鱼来时,我当择一二鱼哺食,若被发现无疑鱼必奔逃,隐匿暗处击之食之。”遂依计行事。鱼群见状,忧虑灭亡,商议互言:“族亲将遭危险。”一贤鱼言:“吾不欲害安那多,故不护食也。”遂暗中护持安那多。安那多将慧灯照明,啖食群鱼。群鱼俱惊恐逃散。
Ānando tato paṭṭhāya macchamaṃsagiddhena aññaṃ gocaraṃ na gaṇhi. So jighacchāya pīḷito kilanto ‘‘kahaṃ nu kho ime gatā’’ti te macche pariyesanto ekaṃ pabbataṃ disvā ‘‘mama bhayena imaṃ pabbataṃ nissāya vasanti maññe, pabbataṃ parikkhipitvā upadhāressāmī’’ti naṅguṭṭhena ca sīsena ca ubho passe parikkhipitvā gaṇhi. Tato ‘‘sace idha vasanti, palāyissantī’’ti pabbataṃ parikkhipantaṃ attano naṅguṭṭhaṃ disvā ‘‘ayaṃ maccho maṃ vañcetvā pabbataṃ nissāya vasatī’’ti kuddho paṇṇāsayojanamattaṃ sakanaṅguṭṭhakhaṇḍaṃ aññamacchasaññāya daḷhaṃ gahetvā murumurāyanto khādi, dukkhavedanā uppajji. Lohitagandhena macchā sannipatitvā luñjitvā khādantā yāva sīsā āgamaṃsu. Mahāsarīratāya parivattetuṃ asakkonto tattheva jīvitakkhayaṃ pāpuṇi, pabbatarāsi viya aṭṭhirāsi ahosi. Ākāsacārino tāpasaparibbājakā manussānaṃ kathayiṃsu. Sakalajambudīpe manussā jāniṃsu. Taṃ vatthuṃ āharitvā dassento kāḷahatthi āha –
安那多侍卫鱼肉猛兽不敢随其往他地。猛兽哀怨困顿,语曰:“此地何处?”寻见一山,谓:“我恐惧此山上者,计划掘洞,携山而居。”以蹄及头托掘,携山。又谓:“若吾等居此,群鱼必逃。”望见自身蹄,怒觅一长约五十由旬断肢,猛兽视其为他鱼,咬之而痛苦。多数鱼群集结,互啖至头齐达。生大苦身,不得周转,遂死于此地,山似崩落。天行苦行者人等诉说四方,全印度众生尽知此事。大将军述说此缘由说:
§378
378.
‘‘Ānando sabbamacchānaṃ, khāditvā rasagiddhimā;
“安那多乃众鱼之王,吞食尽皆滋味甘香;
Parikkhīṇāya parisāya, attānaṃ khādiyā mato.
群聚鱼群灭亡时,皆自食,视死如归。”
§379
379.
‘‘Evaṃ pamatto rasagārave ratto, bālo yadī āyati nāvabujjhati;
「如是粗心而好沉溺于味觉享乐的愚人,若延续生命却不觉悟,
Vidhamma putte caji ñātake ca, parivattiya attānaññeva khādati.
他抛弃自己的儿子和亲族,仅顾自己贪食横行。」
§380
380.
‘‘Idaṃ te sutvāna vigetu chando, mā bhakkhayī rāja manussamaṃsaṃ;
「你听闻此语后,应当失去欲念,切勿吞食人肉如王族一般;
Mā tvaṃ imaṃ kevalaṃ vārijova, dvipadādhipa suññamakāsi raṭṭha’’nti.
切勿使此地仅剩你一人如沼泽中两足之主,让国土荒芜。」
Tattha ānandoti, mahārāja, atītasmiṃ kāle mahāsamudde pañcasatayojaniko ānando nāma mahāmaccho sabbesaṃ macchānaṃ rājā mahāsamuddassa ekapasse ṭhito. Khāditvāti sakajātikānaṃ macchānaṃ rasagiddhimā macche khāditvā. Parikkhīṇāyāti macchaparisāya khayappattāya. Attānanti aññaṃ gocaraṃ aggahetvā pabbataṃ parikkhipanto paṇṇāsayojanamattaṃ attano naṅguṭṭhakhaṇḍaṃ aññamacchasaññāya khāditvā mato maraṇappatto hutvā idāni mahāsamudde pabbatamatto aṭṭhirāsi ahosi. Evaṃ pamattoti yathā mahāmaccho ānando, evampi tathā tvaṃ taṇhārasagiddhiko hutvā pamatto pamādabhāvappatto.
世尊告曰:『大王,在过去的时代,有一条巨大的鱼,名为「安南多」,体长五百由旬。这是所有鱼类之王,常独自立于大海之中。所谓「食之」者,是指食用同类之鱼肉,食其精华。所谓「灭亡」者,是指鱼群遭蜂拥捕杀而消亡。此鱼自身离开原栖所,越过边界,游向一座长度约五十由旬的山峰,误认自身只是鱼鳞一小块,因食同类而致命,现今它已在大海与山峰之间奔逃不定。此鱼因疏忽大意,犹如贪嗔渴爱所驱使一般,因过激贪欲而致疏失。汝亦如是,因贪恋渴爱,故而生起疏忽轻慢。』
Rasagārave rattoti manussamaṃsassa rasagārave ratto atirattacitto hoti. Bāloti yadi bālo duppañño āyatiṃ anāgate kāle uppajjanakadukkhaṃ nāvabujjhati na jānāti. Vidhammāti vidhametvā vināsetvā . Putteti puttadhītaro ca. Ñātake cāti sesañātake ca sahāye ca, vidhamma putte ca cajitvā ñātake cāti attho. Parivattiyāti aññaṃ āhāraṃ alabhitvā jighacchāya pīḷito sakalanagaraṃ parivattiya vicaritvā manussamaṃsaṃ alabhitvā attānaṃ khādanto ānando maccho viya attānaññeva khādati.
世尊又说:「‘贪食’是指人们贪恋肉食,因贪恋而生起过于强烈的注意心。所谓‘愚人’,即愚昧无慧之人,在未来的将来,虽有苦难发生,却不能觉知,不知其理。所谓‘毁灭’,即指毁坏后消失。‘子女’乃父母亲族之子女。‘亲族’则含亲属与同伴等意。‘毁灭’于子女者,乃放弃其亲属。所谓‘游荡’,意指未能获得其他食物而饥饿痛苦,在城镇间游走觅食,食人肉,安南多如鱼般自食其肉。」
Idaṃ te sutvānāti, mahārāja, te tuyhaṃ mayā ānītaṃ idaṃ udāharaṇaṃ sutvā chando manussamaṃsakhādanacchando vigetu vigacchatu viramatu. Mā bhakkhayīti rāja manussamaṃsaṃ mā bhakkhayi mā khādi. Mā tvaṃ imaṃ kevalanti mahāsamuddaṃ suññaṃ karonto vārijo ānando maccho iva, bho dvipadādhipa, dvipadānaṃ manussānaṃ, issara mahārāja, tvaṃ kevalaṃ saccato imaṃ tava kāsiraṭṭhaṃ nagaraṃ suññaṃ mā akāsīti attho.
世尊告曰:「大王,此言汝已听闻,故我特为汝示例如此。汝闻是例,愿当消除贪食人肉之心,断其欲蓄,斩断杀心,勿复食之。勿令自身成为如大海之空无一物,如安南多鱼般。大王,汝非仅清空汝的凯撒国及其都城,更当净化心志,勿令荒芜。」
Taṃ sutvā rājā, ‘‘bho kāḷahatthi, na tvameva upamaṃ jānāsi, ahampi jānāmī’’ti manussamaṃsagiddhatāya porāṇakavatthuṃ āharitvā dassento āha –
国王听已,答曰:“唉,黑象,我非仅知此比喻,我亦知其深义。”乃别作古时鱼食之故事以示说道-
§381
381.
‘‘Sujāto nāma nāmena, oraso tassa atrajo;
“名为苏贾陀,乃此王子之兄弟;」
Jambupesimaladdhāna, mato so tassa saṅkhaye.
采摘茉莉果时,于其灭亡之时被认为已死亡。
§382
382.
三百八十二。
‘‘Evameva ahaṃ kāḷa, bhutvā bhakkhaṃ rasuttamaṃ;
我亦如是,成为黑象之后,食用极佳的果肉;
Aladdhā mānusaṃ maṃsaṃ, maññe hissāmi jīvita’’nti.
获得了人间的肉体,自以为要活着。
Tattha sujāto nāmāti kāḷahatthi kuṭumbiko nāmena sujāto nāma, tassa atrajo putto oraso jambupesiṃ aladdhāna alabhitvāna. Matoti yathā tassā jambupesiyā saṅkhaye so kuṭumbikaputto mato, evameva ahaṃ rasuttamaṃ aññarasānaṃ uttamaṃ manussānaṃ maṃsaṃ bhutvā bhuñjitvā aladdhā manussamaṃsaṃ jīvitaṃ hissāmīti maññe maññāmi.
那里一位名为苏迦陀的黑象家族成员,名为苏迦陀,此乃其子欧拉索,他采得茉莉果,故被认为死亡。正如此般,我食用了极佳的果肉,即人类最上等的肉体,认为凭借此肉体我可以生存,心生此念。
Atīte kira bārāṇasiyaṃ sujāto nāma kuṭumbiko loṇambilasevanatthāya himavantato āgatāni pañca isisatāni attano uyyāne vasāpetvā upaṭṭhāsi. Ghare cassa nibaddhaṃ pañcasatamattā bhikkhā ahosi. Te pana tāpasā kadāci janapadepi bhikkhāya caranti, kadāci mahājambupesiṃ āharitvā khādanti. Tesaṃ jambupesiṃ āharitvā khādanakāle sujāto cintesi – ‘‘ajja bhaddantānaṃ tayo cattāro divasā anāgacchantānaṃ, kahaṃ nu kho gatā’’ti. So attano puttakaṃ aṅguliyaṃ gāhāpetvā tesaṃ bhattakiccakāle tattha agamāsi. Tasmiṃ samaye mahallakānaṃ mukhavikkhālanakāle udakaṃ datvā sabbanavako jambupesiṃ khādati. Sujāto tāpase vanditvā nisinno – ‘‘kiṃ, bhante, khādathā’’ti pucchi. ‘‘Mahājambupesiṃ, āvuso’’ti. Taṃ sutvā kumāro pipāsaṃ uppādesi. Athassa gaṇajeṭṭhako tāpaso thokaṃ dāpesi. So taṃ khāditvā madhurarase bajjhitvā – ‘‘jambupesiṃ me dethā’’ti punappunaṃ yāci. Kuṭumbiko dhammaṃ suṇanto, ‘‘puttaka, mā viravi, gehaṃ gantvā khādissasī’’ti taṃ vañcetvā ‘‘imaṃ nissāya bhadantā ukkaṇṭheyyu’’nti taṃ samassāsento isigaṇaṃ anāpucchitvā gehaṃ gato. Gatakālato paṭṭhāya cassa putto ‘‘jambupesiṃ me dethā’’ti paridevi. Sujāto ‘‘isayopi ācikkhissāmī’’ti uyyānaṃ gato. Te isayopi ‘‘idha ciraṃ vasimhā’’ti himavantameva gatā. Ārāme isayo apassanto tassa jambuambapanasamocādīnaṃ pesiyo madhusakkharacuṇṇasaṃyuttā adāsi. Tā tassa jivhagge ṭhapitamattā halāhalavisasadisā honti. So sattāhaṃ nirāhāro hutvā jīvitakkhayaṃ pāpuṇi. Rājā idaṃ kāraṇaṃ āharitvā dassento evamāha.
据说,昔日在巴拉那西有一位名叫苏迦陀的家族成员,为了盐矿服役,从喜马拉雅山来,开辟了五块农田安置住处,具有大约五百名侍奉者。在苦行者中,他们有时出行乞食,有时从大茉莉果林采摘果实食用。采摘果实时,苏迦陀思忖:“今天幸运者中,有三四日未归,哪里去了呢?”他抓着自己儿子的手指,去探望那些负责供应食物的人。恰逢乡间祭典,众人大开口道场,他给他们水喝,请求食用茉莉果时,苦行者问他:“大茉莉果林,朋友,在何处?”听此,少年起了渴望。其族长苦行者给了他一块茉莉果,他吞食后甜美无比,一次次请求“再给我茉莉果”。家族听闻后劝告儿子:“孩子,不要着急,回家里再吃。”于是唤众僧无问地径至宅中。到达后,由于思念,对象儿痛悔说:“给我茉莉果吧!”苏迦陀答:“我也必会为你取来。”遂前往园林。他们同意:“在此长期居住。”在禅院中看到茉莉果林及采摘的蜜糖、糖霜等食物。这些放置在他的肚腹上,呈剧毒灼烧般痛苦。他饥渴七天,终至断粮,生命至灭。国王得知此事后,亲见并如是宣说。
Tato kāḷahatthi ‘‘ayaṃ rājā ativiya rasagiddho, aparānipissa udāharaṇāni āharissāmī’’ti cintetvā, ‘‘mahārāja, viramāhī’’ti āha. ‘‘Ahaṃ viramituṃ na sakkomī’’ti. Deva, sace na viramissasi, tuvaṃ ñātimaṇḍalato ceva rajjasirito ca parihāyissasi. Atītasmiñhi, mahārāja, idheva bārāṇasiyaṃ pañcasīlarakkhakaṃ sotthiyakulaṃ ahosi . Tassa kulassa ekaputtako ahosi. So mātāpitūnaṃ piyo manāpo ahosi paṇḍito byatto tiṇṇaṃ vedānaṃ pāragū. So samavayehi taruṇehi saddhiṃ gaṇabandhanena vicari. Sesā gaṇabandhā macchamaṃsādīni khādantā suraṃ pivanti. Māṇavo maṃsādīni na khādati, suraṃ na pivati. Te mantayiṃsu – ‘‘ayaṃ surāya apivanato amhākaṃ mūlaṃ na deti, upāyena naṃ suraṃ pāyessāmā’’ti. Te sannipatitvā, ‘‘samma, chaṇakīḷaṃ kīḷissāmā’’ti āhaṃsu. ‘‘Samma, tumhe suraṃ pivatha, ahaṃ suraṃ na pivāmi, tumheva gacchathā’’ti. ‘‘Samma, tava pivanatthāya khīraṃ gaṇhāpessāmā’’ti. So ‘‘sādhū’’ti sampaṭicchi. Dhuttā uyyānaṃ gantvā paduminipattesu tikhiṇasuraṃ bandhāpetvā ṭhapayiṃsu. Atha nesaṃ pānakāle māṇavassa khīraṃ upanayiṃsu. Atha eko dhutto ‘‘pokkharamadhuṃ, bho, āharā’’ti āharāpetvā paduminipattapuṭaṃ heṭṭhā chiddaṃ katvā aṅgulīhi mukhe ṭhapetvā ākaḍḍhi. Evaṃ itarepi āharāpetvā piviṃsu. Māṇavo ‘‘kiṃ nāmeta’’nti pucchi. ‘‘Pokkharamadhunāmā’’ti. ‘‘Ahampi thokaṃ labhissāmi, detha bhonto’’ti. Tassapi dāpayiṃsu. So pokkharamadhusaññāya suraṃ pivi. Athassa aṅgārapakkamaṃsaṃ adaṃsu, tampi khādi.
于是,那黑象心想:「这王实在沉醉于美味,如果不阻止,别的事例我将无法引证。」便说道:「大王,我们应当止住吧。」黑象回答:「我不能停止。」天人劝他说:「如果你不停止,将会失去亲朋好友及王位。在过去的时光里,大王,在此巴拉纳西有一个守五戒护教的净姓家族。其家中有一子,此子孝顺父母,心愿诚敬,智慧明达,通晓三种感受。他与同龄青年们结伴结社同行。其余结社成员饮酒吃鱼肉,而这青年不饮酒不食肉。他们议论说:‘这人不饮酒,割断了我们根基,需用计谋令他饮酒。’于是他们聚会说:‘好吧,我们一起玩骰子游戏吧。’青年回道:‘好,你们饮酒,我不饮酒,你们去吧。’他们说:‘好,为了你饮酒,我们献上牛奶。’青年说:‘好。’他们一起到园林,将骰子放在荷叶上,快速搏击。饮酒时献上牛奶给青年。有一人将蜂蜜取来,从荷叶下切开容器,用手指蘸入口中品尝。其他人也取蜂蜜饮酒。青年好奇问:“这叫什么?”答曰:「这名叫蜂蜜。」青年说:「我也要一点,给我吧。」他们也给他。于是以蜂蜜名义饮酒。他随后吃了烧烤的炭火肉。
Evamassa punappunaṃ pivantassa mattakāle ‘‘na etaṃ pokkharamadhu, surā esā’’ti vadiṃsu. So ‘‘ettakaṃ kālaṃ evaṃ madhurarasaṃ na jāniṃ, āharatha, bho, sura’’nti āha. Te āharitvā punapi adaṃsu. Pipāsā mahatī ahosi. Athassa punapi yācantassa ‘‘khīṇā’’ti vadiṃsu. So ‘‘handa taṃ, bho, āharāpethā’’ti aṅgulimuddikaṃ adāsi, so sakaladivasaṃ tehi saddhiṃ pivitvā matto rattakkho kampanto vilapanto gehaṃ gantvā nipajji. Athassa pitā surāya pivitabhāvaṃ ñatvā vigate matte, ‘‘tāta, ayuttaṃ te kataṃ sottiyakule jātena suraṃ pivantena, mā puna evaṃ akāsī’’ti āha. ‘‘Tāta, ko mayhaṃ doso’’ti. ‘‘Surāya pivitabhāvo’’ti. ‘‘Tāta, kiṃ kathesi, mayā evarūpaṃ madhurarasaṃ ettakaṃ kālaṃ aladdhapubba’’nti. Brāhmaṇo punappunaṃ yāci. Sopi ‘‘na sakkomi viramitu’’nti āha. Atha brāhmaṇo ‘‘evaṃ sante amhākaṃ kulavaṃso ca ucchijjissati, dhanañca vinassissatī’’ti cintetvā gāthamāha –
这般反复饮酒的酗者,到了发酒疯的时刻,说:「这不是蜂蜜,乃是酒。」青年回答:「我从未品尝如此甜美的味道,拿来吧,蜂蜜。」他们取来又给他。他极度口渴,再次求取时,他们说:「已耗尽。」他说:「好吧,请拿来。」于是给他一小撮,用食指捏取,一整天与他们共饮,醉卧颤抖,哭泣回家沉睡。其父知道他饮酒醉了,就对他说:「儿啊,你是出自净姓家族,却与饮酒者同饮,今后不要再如此。」青年问:「父亲,我有何罪?」父曰:「饮酒之行为。」青年答:「父亲,何言乎,我尚未得到如此甘甜味道,以往未曾得尝。」婆罗门屡次求他,他仍说:「我不能止住。」婆罗门心念:「这样下去,我们家族将被毁,财富必然消失。」于是作诗赞叹:
§383
383.
‘‘Māṇava abhirūposi, kule jātosi sotthiye;
「孩童,你容貌俊美,出生守护净姓家族;
Na tvaṃ arahasi tāta, abhakkhaṃ bhakkhayetave’’ti.
但你不当饮酒,儿哉,不应吃那不应吃之物。」
Tattha , māṇavāti, māṇava, tvaṃ abhirūpo asi, sotthiye kule jātopi asi. Abhakkhaṃ bhakkhayetaveti, tāta, tvaṃ abhakkhitabbayuttakaṃ bhakkhayituṃ na arahasi.
这里“孩童”即称为“孩童”,你俊美,出身净姓家族。‘不应饮酒’,意指儿子,你不应饮用不适合饮用的饮物。
Evañca pana vatvā, ‘‘tāta, virama, sace na viramasi, ahaṃ taṃ ito gehā nikkhāmessāmi, tava raṭṭhā pabbājanīyakammaṃ karissāmī’’ti āha. Māṇavo ‘‘evaṃ santepi ahaṃ suraṃ jahituṃ na sakkomī’’ti vatvā gāthādvayamāha –
如此说道:“孩子,休息吧,若你不休息,我将从此离开家门,前去从事你国的出家事业。”孩子说:“虽然如此,我也不能舍弃酒。”于是说了两句偈颂:
§384
384.
‘‘Rasānaṃ aññataraṃ etaṃ, kasmā maṃ tvaṃ nivāraye;
“酏饮之中有一种别样,为何你阻止我?
Sohaṃ tattha gamissāmi, yattha lacchāmi edisaṃ.
我将前往那能得之处,
§385
385.
‘‘Sovāhaṃ nippatissāmi, nate vacchāmi santike;
我将饮醉,低头向前,屈身在你面前。”
Yassa me dassanena tvaṃ, nābhinandasi brāhmaṇā’’ti.
世尊谓:“你因我的教示而生欢喜,婆罗门们却不欢喜。”
Tattha rasānanti loṇambilatittakakaṭukakhārikamadhurakasāvasaṅkhātānaṃ sattannaṃ rasānaṃ aññataraṃ uttamarasametaṃ majjaṃ nāma. Sovāhanti so ahaṃ eva. Nippatissāmīti nikkhamissāmi.
此处“汁”指的是七种汁液中最为上等的一种,名为“浆”,具有咸、苦、涩、苦辣、甜蜜、酸和苦七味。世尊赞叹说:“好啊,正是如此。我即将端出这些汁液。”
Evañca pana vatvā ‘‘nāhaṃ surāpānā viramissāmi, yaṃ te ruccati, taṃ karohī’’ti āha. Atha brāhmaṇo ‘‘tayi amhe pariccajante mayampi taṃ pariccajissāmā’’ti vatvā gāthamāha –
世尊又说:“我不会戒酒,既然你喜欢,就请去做吧。”婆罗门答曰:“若你戒酒,我们也会戒酒。”说罢便吟诵诗偈:
§386
386.
‘‘Addhā aññepi dāyāde, putte lacchāma māṇava;
“后来他将赋予别人,儿子们将继承;
Tvañca jamma vinassasu, yattha pattaṃ na taṃ suṇe’’ti.
你却自生灭亡,那里得不到遗产。”
Tattha yattha pattanti yattha gataṃ taṃ ‘‘asukaṭṭhāne nāma vasatī’’ti na suṇoma, tattha gacchāhīti attho.
其中『凡所往之处』者,意谓:凡其所去之处,我等不曾听闻『彼住于某处』,故请前往彼处,此即其义。
Atha naṃ vinicchayaṃ netvā aputtabhāvaṃ katvā nīharāpesi. So aparabhāge nippaccayo kapaṇo jiṇṇapilotikaṃ nivāsetvā kapālahattho piṇḍāya caranto aññataraṃ kuṭṭaṃ nissāya kālamakāsi. Idaṃ kāraṇaṃ āharitvā kāḷahatthi rañño dassetvā, ‘‘mahārāja, sace tvaṃ amhākaṃ vacanaṃ na karissasi, pabbājanīyakammaṃ te karissantī’’ti vatvā gāthamāha –
接着,不进行细察,便认定为无子之身而远离散去。此人从别处来,带领一只被饲养、满身湿泥的老黑象,手执象鞭沿街托钵,依靠一座坟堆休憩。因担负此事,黑象被呈现于国王之前,而此人对王言道:『大王,若您不依从吾意,我必从事出家之事。』遂吟唱偈语说-
§387
387.
三百八十七
‘‘Evameva tuvaṃ rāja, dvipadinda suṇohi me;
『大王啊,如你所闻,我乃以两足动物之身而立言,
Pabbājessanti taṃ raṭṭhā, soṇḍaṃ māṇavakaṃ yathā’’ti.
这般部族国的人民,将出家舍离,正如剃去须发的幼童一般。』
Tattha dvipadindāti dvipadānaṃ inda, bho mahārāja, me mama vacanaṃ suṇohi tuvaṃ, evameva soṇḍaṃ māṇavakaṃ yathā taṃ bhavantaṃ raṭṭhato pabbājessanti.
此处『两足动物』者,即是人类之意。诸大王,请听我言,国家中的人民,必然如这剃去须发的幼儿般出家舍弃世俗。
Evaṃ kāḷahatthinā upamāya āhaṭāyapi rājā tato viramituṃ asakkonto aparampi udāharaṇaṃ dassetuṃ āha –
世尊以战象为比喻说道:即使受到责打,国王随后若不能忍受忍止,仍要再给他另一个示范,便说——
§388
388.
‘‘Sujāto nāma nāmena, bhāvitattāna sāvako;
『有一人名叫苏伽多,乃勤修道之弟子;
Accharaṃ kāmayantova, na so bhuñji na so pivi.
他如同渴望得到食物一般渴望法,不取食不饮水。
§389
389.
‘‘Kusaggenudakamādāya, samudde udakaṃ mine;
他从良井掬水,然后到海中取水。』
Evaṃ mānusakā kāmā, dibbakāmāna santike.
人世间的欲乐便如是,众天众神近于其间。
§390
390.
三百九十。
‘‘Evameva ahaṃ kāḷa, bhutvā bhakkhaṃ rasuttamaṃ;
『我在暗夜中,食着甘美的盛宴,
Aladdhā mānusaṃ maṃsaṃ, maññe hissāmi jīvita’’nti.
得到人间的肉体,想必我将以此续命。』
Vatthu heṭṭhā vuttasadisameva.
此义与本下文所述同义。
Tattha bhāvitattānāti bhāvitacittānaṃ tesaṃ pañcannaṃ isisatānaṃ. Accharaṃ kāmayantovāti so kira tesaṃ isīnaṃ mahājambupesiyā khādanakāle anāgamanaṃ viditvā ‘‘kiṃ nu kho kāraṇā na āgacchanti, sace katthaci gatā, jānissāmi, no ce, atha nesaṃ santike dhammaṃ suṇissāmī’’ti uyyānaṃ gantvā isigaṇe vanditvā gaṇajeṭṭhakassa santike dhammaṃ suṇanto nisinnova sūriye atthaṅgate uyyojiyamānopi ‘‘ajja idheva vasissāmī’’ti vatvā isigaṇaṃ vanditvā paṇṇasālaṃ pavisitvā nipajji. Rattibhāge sakko devarājā devaccharāsaṅghaparivuto saddhiṃ attano paricārikāhi isigaṇaṃ vandituṃ āgato, sakalārāmo ekobhāso ahosi. Sujāto ‘‘kiṃ nu kho eta’’nti uṭṭhāya paṇṇasālachiddena olokento sakkaṃ isigaṇaṃ vandituṃ āgataṃ devaccharāparivutaṃ disvā accharānaṃ saha dassanena rāgaratto ahosi. Sakko nisīditvā dhammakathaṃ sutvā sakaṭṭhānameva gato. Kuṭumbikopi punadivase isigaṇaṃ vanditvā pucchi – ‘‘bhante, ko nāmesa rattibhāge tumhākaṃ vandanatthāya āgato’’ti? ‘‘Sakko, āvuso’’ti. ‘‘Taṃ parivāretvā nisinnā kā nāmetā’’ti? ‘‘Devaccharā nāmetā’’ti. So isigaṇaṃ vanditvā gehaṃ gantvā gatakālato paṭṭhāya ‘‘accharaṃ me detha, accharaṃ me dethā’’ti vilapi. Ñātakā parivāretvā ‘‘bhūtāviṭṭho nu kho’’ti accharaṃ pahariṃsu. So ‘‘nāhaṃ etaṃ accharaṃ kathemi, devaccharaṃ kathemī’’ti vatvā ‘‘ayaṃ accharā’’ti alaṅkaritvā ānītaṃ bhariyampi gaṇikampi olokento ‘‘nāyaṃ accharā, yakkhinī esā, devaccharaṃ me dethā’’ti vilapanto nirāhāro hutvā tattheva jīvitakkhayaṃ pāpuṇi. Tena vuttaṃ –
所谓已修者者,是指已修习心意的五类圣者。文中『异类所欲』,即指这些圣者在大树林边吃饭时,知晓外道不会到来,便言:“或有所出,若知当去,便听闻其法;若不然,则当止于此。”于是前往树林,向圣众礼敬,坐于尊长之旁,和煦日光下,起誓“今日即住于此”,礼敬圣众后,入叶室静坐。夜半时分,萨咖天帝由天神众簇拥,邀请圣众礼敬。天界一片光明。苏迦陀见状起身,循视分开叶幔,见天帝与天众来礼敬异类,见异类与异道同处,与之观视,心生欢喜。天帝坐下听法,旋即返回天界。翌日,异类礼敬苏迦陀,问曰:“尊者,来夜间礼敬汝者是谁?”答曰:“是萨咖天帝,吾友也。”“同伴众生名称为何?”“是天神众。”异类礼敬后返回家,至行时悲泣,乞求异类:“赐我异类,赐予我异类。”亲属围观,诘问:“你是否已疯?”异类抚摸异类,言:“我非要此异类,乃欲此天神。”描绘并馈赠此异类,既视妓女,言:“此非异类,而是鬼母,是我所愿得之天神。”终因饥饿绝食,遂于彼处身死。是故有言——
‘‘Accharaṃ kāmayantova, na so bhuñji na so pivī’’ti.
「他好似完全不求所欲,不饮食,不饮水。」
Kusaggenudakamādāya, samudde udakaṃ mineti, samma kāḷahatthi, yo kusaggeneva udakaṃ gahetvā ‘‘ettakaṃ siyā mahāsamudde udaka’’nti tena saddhiṃ upamāya mineyya, so kevalaṃ mineyyeva, kusagge pana udakaṃ atiparittakameva. Yathā taṃ, evaṃ mānusakā kāmā dibbakāmānaṃ santike, tasmā so sujāto aññaṃ itthiṃ na olokesi, accharameva patthento mato. Evamevāti yathā so dibbakāmaṃ alabhanto jīvitaṃ jahi, evaṃ ahampi uttamarasaṃ manussamaṃsaṃ alabhanto jīvitaṃ jahissāmīti vadati.
他从井中取水,至海中取水。真正的黑象,若取水如同从井中取水而谓『这水当如大海水』,则只是像取井水;但水是有限的。犹如此,人类的欲望近于天界欲望,故苏加多不视他异女,仅见如同不可及之处。同理,当他得天界欲乐而舍去生命,我亦言当得上等美味的人间肉而舍生。
Taṃ sutvā kāḷahatthi ‘‘ayaṃ rājā ativiya rasagiddho, saññāpessāmi na’’nti sakajātikānaṃ maṃsaṃ khāditvā ākāsacarā suvaṇṇahaṃsāpi tāva vinaṭṭhāti dassetuṃ gāthādvayamāha –
听此黑象言,「此王确实矫枉过正,我不表彰他」,生来自同类,虽吞肉鸟儿及金翎天鹅仍停立空中,欲示不然,遂作两颂。
§391
391.
(注:为颂句序号391)
‘‘Yathāpi te dhataraṭṭhā, haṃsā vehāyasaṅgamā;
「正如你们如母之河,比翼天鹅相会游翔;
Abhuttaparibhogena, sabbe abbhatthataṃ gatā.
因无所依,尽归無为之境。」
§392
392.
‘‘Evameva tuvaṃ rāja, dvipadinda suṇohi me;
『如是,国王啊,听我言:你品格败坏,国王啊,因你堕落,众人纷纷出家离世。』
Abhakkhaṃ rāja bhakkhesi, tasmā pabbājayanti ta’’nti.
『所谓堕落,是指自身同类之间互相享受堕落的行为;所谓堕落彻底,是指全然陷于死亡。』
Tattha abhuttaparibhogenāti attano samānajātikānaṃ paribhogena. Abbhatthataṃ gatāti sabbe maraṇameva pattā. Atīte kira cittakūṭe suvaṇṇaguhāyaṃ navuti haṃsasahassāni vasanti. Te vassike cattāro māse na nikkhamanti, sace nikkhameyyuṃ, udakapuṇṇehi pattehi uppatituṃ asakkontā mahāsamuddeyeva pateyyuṃ, tasmā na ca nikkhamanti. Upakaṭṭhe pana vassakāle jātassarato sayaṃjātasāliyo āharitvā guhaṃ pūretvā sāliṃ khādantā vasanti. Tesaṃ pana guhaṃ paviṭṭhakāle guhadvāre eko rathacakkappamāṇo uṇṇanābhi nāma makkaṭako ekekasmiṃ māse ekekaṃ jālaṃ vinandhati. Tassa ekekaṃ suttaṃ gorajjuppamāṇaṃ hoti. Haṃsā ‘‘taṃ jālaṃ bhindissatī’’ti ekassa taruṇahaṃsassa dve koṭṭhāse denti. So vigate deve purato gantvā taṃ jālaṃ bhindati. Tena maggena sesā gacchanti. Athekasmiṃ kāle pañca māse vasso vuṭṭho ahosi. Haṃsā khīṇagocarā ‘‘kiṃ nu kho kattabba’’nti mantetvā ‘‘mayaṃ jīvantā aṇḍāni labhissāmā’’ti paṭhamaṃ aṇḍāni khādiṃsu, tato potake, tato jiṇṇahaṃse. Pañcamāsaccayena vassaṃ apagataṃ. Makkaṭako pañca jālāni vinandhi. Haṃsā sakajātikānaṃ maṃsaṃ khāditvā appathāmā jātā. Dviguṇakoṭṭhāsalābhī haṃsataruṇo jāle paharitvā cattāri bhindi, pañcamaṃ chindituṃ nāsakkhi, tattheva laggi. Athassa sīsaṃ vijjhitvā makkaṭako lohitaṃ pivi. Aññopi āgantvā jālaṃ pahari, sopi tattheva laggīti evaṃ sabbesaṃ makkaṭako lohitaṃ pivi. Tadā dhataraṭṭhakulaṃ ucchinnanti vadanti. Tena vuttaṃ ‘‘sabbe abbhatthataṃgatā’’ti.
从前,临近心峰的金洞中居住着九十只天鹅。它们在雨季四个月内不外出,如果出门,因无法借助满水的树叶漂浮,就会如同投奔大海一般沉没,因此宁可不出洞。在雨季的闲暇时节,有一对生于当年、恣意生长的小稻谷采集者,忙于收割稻穗,填满山洞,专注食用这些谷物而居住。此时,在洞口外,有一只大小犹如车轮的猕猴,每个月都能割断一张捕鸟网,每张网大如巨笼。天鹅告诉一只幼雏:“这网迟早会破的。” 幼天鹅两侧各有两颗牙齿。它绕过天神,前往破坏这些捕鸟网,并由此打开去路。由其经过,剩余的网随之脱落。一次五个月的雨季结束。失去家园的天鹅们思考:“我们该做什么呢?” 于是它们首先吃了几个活蛋,继而吃腐烂的蛋壳。五个月积累的雨季结束。猕猴在五张网中割断了多处。天鹅们吃了同类的肉,成为不善度命者。年轻一只天鹅割断两倍牙齿数量的网,断了四张,不能割断第五张,便被捕获。在此,猕猴咬破它头部,饮其鲜血。其他猕猴也前来攻击网,均落入网中,遭到同样的结局,因此猕猴们饮红血。那时族人论说,众皆堕落至死,正如所言,“一切皆已陷入彻底的死亡”。
Evameva tuvanti yathā ete haṃsā abhakkhaṃ sakajātikamaṃsaṃ khādiṃsu, tathā tvampi khādasi, sakalanagaraṃ bhayappattaṃ, virama, mahārājāti. Tasmā pabbājayanti tanti yasmā abhakkhaṃ sakajātikamaṃsaṃ bhakkhesi, tasmā ime nagaravāsino taṃ raṭṭhā pabbājayanti.
正如那样,天鹅们吃了败坏的同类肉,你也被此败坏所困,整个城市陷入恐怖,正因如此你被众人抛弃出家。因为你也食用败坏的同类肉,故而这些城中居民纷纷出家离去。
Rājā aññampi upamaṃ vattukāmo ahosi. Nāgarā pana uṭṭhāya, ‘‘sāmi senāpati, kiṃ karosi, kiṃ manussamaṃsakhādakaṃ coraṃ gahetvā vicarasi, sace na viramissati, raṭṭhato naṃ pabbājehī’’ti vatvā nāssa kathetuṃ adaṃsu. Rājā bahūnaṃ kathaṃ sutvā bhīto puna vattuṃ nāsakkhi. Punapi naṃ senāpati ‘‘kiṃ mahārāja viramituṃ sakkhissasi, udāhu na sakkhissasī’’ti vatvā ‘‘na sakkomī’’ti vutte sabbaṃ orodhagaṇañca puttadhītaro ca sabbālaṅkārapaṭimaṇḍite passe ṭhapetvā, ‘‘mahārāja, ime ñātimaṇḍale ceva amaccagaṇañca rajjasiriñca olokehi, mā vinassi, virama manussamaṃsato’’ti āha. Rājā ‘‘na mayhaṃ ete manussamaṃsato piyatarā’’ti vatvā ‘‘tena hi, mahārāja, imamhā nagarā ca raṭṭhā ca nikkhamathā’’ti vutte, ‘‘kāḷahatthi, na me rajjenattho, nagarā nikkhamāmi, ekaṃ pana me khaggañca rasakañca bhājanañca dehī’’ti āha. Athassa khaggañca maṃsapacanabhājanañca pacchiñca ukkhipāpetvā rasakañca datvā raṭṭhā pabbājanīyakammaṃ kariṃsu.
国王还有其他想要作比喻。城民们起身说:『主啊,统帅大人,你为何行事,何以携带食人盗贼游荡?若不停止,国必驱逐你出境。』国王听闻多次,害怕再次接见无法应对。将军又问:『大王,你怎能停止?你断然不能停止。』国王答:『我不能。』随后,他安置所有大臣子女,丰盛冠饰尽显华贵。对他们说:『大王啊,你察看这亲属及大臣众、国家尊严,请勿毁坏,停止这食人恶行。』国王答:『这些人非我亲爱至者,故如此。我虽非王者欲求,但人们离去,国已衰亡,我唯有剃除头发、牙齿及供养食物,完成被逐之事。』于是他剪去头发和牙齿,把食肉烹饪馈赠后,人们行驱逐国王出走之事。
So khaggañca rasakañca ādāya nagarā nikkhamitvā araññaṃ pavisitvā ekasmiṃ nigrodhamūle vasanaṭṭhānaṃ katvā tattha vasanto aṭavimagge ṭhatvā manusse māretvā āharitvā rasakassa deti. Sopissa maṃsaṃ pacitvā upanāmeti. Evaṃ ubhopi jīvanti. Manussagahaṇakāle ‘‘ahaṃ are manussacoro porisādo’’ti vatvā tasmiṃ pakkhante koci sakabhāvena saṇṭhātuṃ na sakkoti, sabbe bhūmiyaṃ patanti. Tesu yaṃ icchati, taṃ uddhaṃpādaṃ adhosīsaṃ katvā āharitvā rasakassa deti. So ekadivasaṃ araññe kañci manussaṃ alabhitvā āgato rasakena ‘‘kiṃ devā’’ti vutte ‘‘uddhane ukkhaliṃ āropehī’’ti āha. ‘‘Maṃsaṃ kahaṃ, devā’’ti? ‘‘Labhissāmahaṃ maṃsa’’nti. So ‘‘natthi me dāni jīvita’’nti kampamāno uddhane aggiṃ katvā ukkhaliṃ āropesi. Atha naṃ porisādo asinā māretvā maṃsaṃ pacitvā khādi. Tato paṭṭhāya ekakova jāto sayameva pacitvā khādati. ‘‘Porisādo magge maggapaṭipanne hanatī’’ti sakalajambudīpe pākaṭo ahosi.
某人携带弓箭和猎狗,离开城镇进入森林,来到一棵无忧树下修筑住处,居于其中,立于林中道路上,杀死人类,捕获猎物,交给猎狗。猎狗将肉煮熟后带回主人那里。如此,人和狗同时维生。每逢捕获人类时,他自言‘我是人类窃贼贼寇’,说完后他一方无人能够同他抗衡,群众纷纷倒地。在众人中他欲取所欲,将人的双脚交叉缠绕,再杀死后交给猎狗。有一天他在森林中遇见一人,猎狗对那人说“什么,尊者”,那人答“到地上撒盐吧”,猎狗说“肉在哪里,尊者”?那人答“我将得到肉”。那人颤抖着说“我已经没有生命”,于是点燃火把撒盐。猎狗用铁棒杀死那人,煮肉食用。然后只留下一个婴孩,自己亲自煮食婴孩肉。全天下传扬:“那个在道路上践行法道者被杀了。”
Tadā eko sampannavibhavo brāhmaṇo pañcahi sakaṭasatehi vohāraṃ karonto pubbantato aparantaṃ sañcarati. So cintesi – ‘‘porisādo nāma kira coro antarāmagge manusse māresi, dhanaṃ datvā taṃ aṭaviṃ atikkamissāmī’’ti. So aṭavimukhavāsīnaṃ manussānaṃ ‘‘tumhe maṃ aṭavito atikkāmethā’’ti sahassaṃ datvā tehi saddhiṃ maggaṃ paṭipajji. Gacchanto ca brāhmaṇo sabbasatthaṃ purato katvā sayaṃ nhātānulitto sabbālaṅkārapaṭimaṇḍito setagoṇayutte sukhayānake nisinno tehi aṭavivāsikapurisehi parivuto sabbapacchato agamāsi. Tasmiṃ khaṇe porisādo rukkhaṃ āruyha purise upadhārento sesamanussesu ‘‘kiṃ imesu mayā khāditabbaṃ atthī’’ti vigatacchando hutvā brāhmaṇaṃ diṭṭhakālato paṭṭhāya taṃ khāditukāmatāya paggharitakheḷo ahosi. So tasmiṃ attano santikaṃ āgate rukkhato oruyha ‘‘ahaṃ are porisādo’’ti nāmaṃ tikkhattuṃ sāvetvā khaggaṃ parivattento vālukāya tesaṃ akkhīni pūrento viya pakkhandi. Ekopi ṭhātuṃ samattho nāma natthi, sabbe bhūmiyaṃ urena nipajjiṃsu. So sukhayānake nisinnaṃ brāhmaṇaṃ pāde gahetvā piṭṭhiyaṃ adhosīsakaṃ olambetvā sīsaṃ gopphakehi paharanto ukkhipitvā pāyāsi.
当时有一位富有的婆罗门,用五百辆牛车做生意,从前往后来回穿行。他心中想,“所谓道路上践行法者杀人赃物,是盗贼,他若出示财富,我将给钱让他离开森林。”他给住森林边缘的人类一千货币,与他们一道走上道路。婆罗门在前面点燃火把,自己沐浴整饰,冠戴装饰,坐于白象乘坐车上,在林中休憩。这时,行人攀上树阻拦行路,对剩余人说:“我这里有什么可吃的?”他心无杂念,看见婆罗门,起身攀树,自称“我是道路践行者”,刀锋锐利,将弓箭转动,扬起沙尘似似要蒙蔽众目。无一处可立,众人纷纷倒地。扶持婆罗门坐下,斜靠树干,守护着头部,用葫芦壶举酒招待柔和坐下的婆罗门。
Tadā te purisā uṭṭhāya, ‘‘bho, purisā mayaṃ brāhmaṇassa hatthato kahāpaṇasahassaṃ gaṇhimhā, ko nāma amhākaṃ purisakāro, sakkontā vā asakkontā vā thokaṃ anubandhāmā’’ti vatvā anubandhiṃsu. Porisādopi nivattitvā olokento kañci aditvā saṇikaṃ pāyāsi. Tasmiṃ khaṇe thāmasampanno eko sūrapuriso vegena taṃ pāpuṇi. So taṃ disvā ekaṃ vatiṃ laṅghanto khadirakhāṇukaṃ akkami, khāṇuko piṭṭhipādena nikkhami. Lohitena paggharantena laṅghamāno yāti. Atha naṃ so disvā, ‘‘bho, mayā esa viddho, kevalaṃ tumhe pacchato etha, gaṇhissāmi na’’nti āha. Te dubbalabhāvaṃ ñatvā taṃ anubandhiṃsu. So tehi anubaddhabhāvaṃ ñatvā brāhmaṇaṃ vissajjetvā attānaṃ sotthimakāsi. Atha aṭavivāsikapurisā brāhmaṇassa laddhakālato paṭṭhāya ‘‘kiṃ amhākaṃ corenā’’ti tato nivattiṃsu.
那群人起身说:“诸人啊,我们从婆罗门手中夺得一千硬币,谁是我们的头领?能够带领者同来同往吧。”于是他们跟随。道路践行者回头四顾,发现有人赤着脚露出脚踝。此时一有实力的酒鬼飞速赶来,见此越过篱笆墙,路过骑栏。带血的戒刀在手越过。酒鬼见此说:“这里有疯子,只有你们在后,不能拦我。”他们了解酒鬼的能力而跟随。酒鬼知晓他们相互依赖后放弃婆罗门,自保安全。随后森林村落的人发现婆罗门被夺财时守望,继而回转。
Porisādopi attano nigrodhamūlaṃ gantvā pārohantaraṃ pavisitvā nipanno, ‘‘ayye rukkhadevate, sace me sattāhabbhantareyeva vaṇaṃ phāsukaṃ kātuṃ sakkhissasi, sakalajambudīpe ekasatakhattiyānaṃ galalohitena tava khandhaṃ dhovitvā antehi parikkhipitvā pañcamadhuramaṃsena balikammaṃ karissāmī’’ti āyācanaṃ kari. Tassa annapānamaṃsaṃ alabhantassa sarīraṃ sussitvā antosattāheyeva vaṇo phāsuko ahosi. So devatānubhāvena tassa phāsukabhāvaṃ sallakkhesi. So katipāhaṃ manussamaṃsaṃ khāditvā balaṃ gahetvā cintesi – ‘‘bahupakārā me devatā, āyācanā assā muccissāmī’’ti. So khaggaṃ ādāya rukkhamūlato nikkhamitvā ‘‘rājāno ānessāmī’’ti pāyāsi. Atha naṃ purimabhave yakkhakāle ekato manussamaṃsakhādako sahāyakayakkho anuvicarantaṃ disvā ‘‘ayaṃ mama atītabhave sahāyo’’ti ñatvā, ‘‘samma, maṃ sañjānāsī’’ti pucchi. ‘‘Na sañjānāmī’’ti. Athassa purimabhave katakāraṇaṃ kathesi. So taṃ sañjānitvā paṭisanthāramakāsi. ‘‘Kahaṃ nibbattosī’’ti puṭṭho nibbattaṭṭhānañca raṭṭhā pabbājitakāraṇañca idāni vasanaṭṭhānañca khāṇunā viddhakāraṇañca devatāya āyācanāmocanatthaṃ gamanakāraṇañca sabbaṃ ārocetvā ‘‘tayāpi mametaṃ kiccaṃ nittharitabbaṃ, ubhopi gacchāma, sammā’’ti āha. ‘‘Samma na gaccheyyāhaṃ, ekaṃ pana me kammaṃ atthi, ahaṃ kho pana anagghaṃ padalakkhaṇaṃ nāma ekaṃ mantaṃ jānāmi, so balañca javañca saddañca karoti, taṃ mantaṃ gaṇhāhī’’ti. So ‘‘sādhū’’ti sampaṭicchi. Yakkhopissa taṃ datvā pakkāmi.
道路践行者回到无忧树根,入居农舍,叩谒树神,祈求道:“尊敬的树神,如果你能在一周内施法,让森林瘟疫消失,我愿以全国一百贵族之血洗涤你的身体末端,献上五份珍馐美味的供养。”他身体干涸,未得食粮,一周内果然消除了瘟疫。树神的助缘彰显了瘟疫消退。他食用一定数量的人肉积累力量,心念:“因多方恩泽,我将获解脱。”携弓箭离开树根,去找国王。昔日巫妖时期,一同食用人肉的恶鬼化身为助鬼,巡视他,知悉“此乃我昔日同助”,问他是否认。答“不认识”,然后讲述昔日作恶事。恶鬼知晓后复仇。他问:“你从何处降生?”他将地区、出家原因、居所、炼害恶鬼、祈求解脱的事一五一十陈述。皆言:“这也是我的职责,我们二人正同行走,合力成事。”他答:“不能同行,我有一法令人无比纯净,能破除魔障,名曰无瑕之法,勇猛、迅速且善语,愿收此法。”对方答:“好。”恶鬼受教便启程。
Porisādo mantaṃ uggahetvā tato paṭṭhāya vātajavo atisūro ahosi. So sattāhabbhantareyeva ekasatarājāno uyyānādīni gacchante disvā vātavegena pakkhanditvā ‘‘ahaṃ are manussacoro porisādo’’ti nāmaṃ sāvetvā vagganto nadanto bhayappatte katvā pāde gahetvā adhosīsake katvā paṇhiyā sīsaṃ paharanto vātavegena netvā hatthatalesu chiddāni katvā rajjuyā āvunitvā nigrodharukkhe olambesi aggapādaṅgulīhi bhūmiyaṃ phusamānāhi. Te sabbe rājāno vāte paharante milātakuraṇḍakadāmāni viya parivattantā olambiṃsu. ‘‘Sutasomo pana me piṭṭhiācariyo hoti, sace gaṇhissāmi, sakalajambudīpo tuccho bhavissatī’’ti taṃ na nesi. So ‘‘balikammaṃ karissāmī’’ti aggiṃ katvā sūle tacchanto nisīdi. Rukkhadevatā taṃ kiriyaṃ disvā ‘‘mayhaṃ kiresa balikammaṃ karoti, vaṇampissa mayā kiñci phāsukaṃ kataṃ natthi, idāni imesaṃ mahāvināsaṃ karissati, kiṃ nu kho kattabba’’nti cintetvā ‘‘ahaṃ etaṃ vāretuṃ na sakkhissāmī’’ti cātumahārājikānaṃ santikaṃ gantvā tamatthaṃ kathetvā ‘‘nivāretha na’’nti āha. Tehipi ‘‘na mayaṃ porisādassa kammaṃ nivāretuṃ sakkhissāmā’’ti vutte ‘‘ko sakkhissatī’’ti pucchitvā ‘‘sakko, devarājā’’ti sutvā sakkaṃ upasaṅkamitvā tamatthaṃ kathetvā ‘‘nivāretha na’’nti āha. Sopi ‘‘nāhaṃ sakkomi nivāretuṃ, samatthaṃ pana ācikkhissāmī’’ti vatvā ‘‘konāmo’’ti vutte ‘‘sadevake loke añño natthi, kururaṭṭhe pana indapatthanagare korabyarājaputto sutasomo nāma taṃ nibbisevanaṃ katvā damessati, rājūnañca jīvitaṃ dassati, tañca manussamaṃsā oramāpessati, sakalajambudīpe amataṃ viya dhammaṃ abhisiñcissati, sacepi rājūnaṃ jīvitaṃ dātukāmo, ‘sutasomaṃ ānetvā balikammaṃ kātuṃ vaṭṭatī’ti vadehī’’ti āha.
道路践行者托付法念后,风神震怒。一周内,百君等游园叶间,见狂风作祟,听闻“我是人类窃贼”之名,四处奔跑跳跃,脚踏地面,伏地咬擒,头部被击打,风驱使其四散,肢体四散,手掌被切断,用绳索捆绑悬挂于无忧树,脚趾触地。百位国王,如携带《咒怨破坏之物》,环绕悬挂翻转。道路践行者内心想:“须多做供养,众神助我,我必获解脱。”于是点燃火焰,坐于刀尖。树神见状,思惟:“这可怜的道路践行者竟施行此法,我对此无所为。”他前往四大王处诉说,叙述因果,请求阻止。四王答曰:“我们无力阻止。”问:“谁能?”答曰“萨咖天帝。”天帝出面,听取诉说,请求阻止,道:“我无力阻止,但可劝说。”且言:“这法门无二,故乡无他,该法门由苦主所传,若王欲护其生命,当请救世者苏塔索摩,他必带来供养,燃火法障可毁之。”
Sā ‘‘sādhū’’ti sampaṭicchitvā khippaṃ āgantvā pabbajitavesena tassa avidūre pāyāsi. So padasaddena ‘‘rājā nu kho koci palāto bhavissatī’’ti olokento taṃ disvā ‘‘pabbajitā nāma khattiyāva, imaṃ gahetvā ekasataṃ pūretvā balikammaṃ karissāmī’’ti uṭṭhāya asihattho anubandhi, tiyojanaṃ anubandhitvāpi taṃ pāpuṇituṃ nāsakkhi, gattehi sedā mucciṃsu. So cintesi – ‘‘ahaṃ pubbe hatthimpi assampi rathampi dhāvantaṃ anubandhitvā gaṇhāmi, ajja imaṃ pabbajitaṃ sakāya gatiyā gacchantaṃ sabbathāmena dhāvantopi gaṇhituṃ na sakkomi, kiṃ nu kho kāraṇa’’nti. Tato so ‘‘pabbajitā nāma vacanakarā honti, ‘tiṭṭhā’ti naṃ vatvā ṭhitaṃ gahessāmī’’ti cintetvā ‘‘tiṭṭha, samaṇā’’ti āha. ‘‘Ahaṃ tāva ṭhito, tvaṃ pana dhāvituṃ vāyāmamakāsī’’ti. Atha naṃ, ‘‘bho, pabbajitā nāma jīvitahetupi alikaṃ na bhaṇanti, tvaṃ pana musāvādaṃ kathesī’’ti vatvā gāthamāha –
婆罗门赞成,迅速前往,出家服装未远,践行法者即现身。婆罗门注视朗说:“国王究竟去何处?”看见他答曰:“出家者名号,从此携来百物为供养,我将施行火法毁灭。”婆罗门立刻起身追赶,虽牛车曾缠绳驾驭闪转腾挪,今日遇出家者,虽极力追逐亦不能及。婆罗门思:“出家者乃命根所在,讲经者必立,故今日虽奔跑亦难捉。”遂呼曰:“出家者,请等一等。”践行法者答曰:“我已停立,汝可快奔。”婆罗门言:“我已止步,汝可跑。”践行法者说:“出家者乃生命之因,言不虚假,汝谎言惑我。”遂赋诗曰:
§393
393.
三百九十三。
‘‘Tiṭṭhāhīti mayā vutto, so tvaṃ gacchasi pammukho;
『你应当站立』,这是我说的,你反而愚昧地走开;
Aṭṭhito tvaṃ ṭhitomhīti, lapasi brahmacārini;
你站着,我便站立,你却称说你是持戒修行者;
Idaṃ te samaṇāyuttaṃ, asiñca me maññasi kaṅkapatta’’nti.
这身是与修行人相应的,你却不洁净,还自以为是强悍固执。』
Tassattho – samaṇa, tiṭṭhāhi iti vacanaṃ mayā vutto so tvaṃ pammukho parammukho hutvā gacchasi, brahmacārini aṭṭhito samāno tvaṃ ṭhito amhi iti lapasi, asiñca me kaṅkapattaṃ maññasīti.
其意谓:修行者啊,我所说你应当站立这句话时,你却愚昧无明,背离正道而行;你却自称持戒端正而站立,其实非如是,你不净,还妄想自己坚固无亏。
Tato devatā gāthādvayamāha –
随后天人颂唱二句偈语说——
§394
394.
‘‘Ṭhitohamasmī sadhammesu rāja, na nāmagottaṃ parivattayāmi;
『我已坚定于正法中,国王;我不转变姓氏和氏族,』
Corañca loke aṭhitaṃ vadanti;
『因世人称盗贼是卖身者,』
Āpāyikaṃ nerayikaṃ ito cutaṃ.
『是地狱受报者,而已去此。』
§395
395.
‘‘Sace tvaṃ saddahasi rāja, sutaṃ gaṇhāhi khattiya;
『若大王你信受,请接受所闻,贵族啊;』
Tena yaññaṃ yajitvāna, evaṃ saggaṃ gamissasī’’ti.
“由此当献祈祷,必将升入天界。”
Tattha sadhammesūti, mahārāja, ahaṃ sakesu dasasu kusalakammapathadhammesu ṭhito asmi bhavāmi. Na nāmagottanti tvaṃ pubbe daharakāle brahmadatto hutvā pitari kālakate bārāṇasiṃ rajjaṃ labhitvā bārāṇasirājā jāto, taṃ nāmaṃ jahitvā porisādo hutvā idāni kammāsapādo jāto, khattiyakule jātopi abhakkhaṃ manussamaṃsaṃ yasmā bhakkhesi, tasmā attano nāmagottaṃ yathā parivattesi, tathā ahaṃ attano nāmagottaṃ na parivattayāmi. Corañcāti loke corañca dasakusalakammapathesu aṭhitaṃ nāma vadanti. Ito cutanti ito cutaṃ hutvā apāye niraye patiṭṭhitaṃ. Khattiya, bhūmipāla mahārāja, tvaṃ mama vacanaṃ sace saddahasi, sutasomaṃ gaṇhāhi, tena sutasomena yaññaṃ yajitvāna evaṃ saggaṃ gamissasi. Bho, porisāda musāvādi tayā mayhaṃ ‘‘sakalajambudīpe rājāno ānetvā bahikammaṃ karissāmī’’ti paṭissutaṃ, idāni ye vā te vā dubbalarājāno ānesi, jambudīpatale jeṭṭhakaṃ sutasomarājānaṃ sace tvaṃ na ānessasi, vacanaṃ te musā nāma hoti, tasmā sutasomaṃ gaṇhāhīti.
“其中,陛下,我身处于善法之中,处于善行之道的聚集之处。我非论姓氏世系之人,昔年年少时曾为婆罗门达多,得父时已承受巴拉那西诸国,成为巴拉那西王。后来舍弃此名,出离为国臣,现为国臣之子。即便出身于刹帝利族,食用人肉亦不合宜,故我不改变自身名姓。世间称盗贼,乃十种善行道之反例。由此堕落,陷于恶趣地狱。刹帝利、土地守护之王,若陛下信我言,当以须陀洹为辅佐,借此祭祀,必登天界。国臣曾对我谎语称:「将令诸君主尽施政务。」若今有暴虐之王,强夺须陀洹王权,陛下不予护持,其言即为谎言,故当护持须陀洹。”
Evañca pana vatvā devatā pabbajitavesaṃ antaradhāpetvā sakena vaṇṇena ākāse taruṇasūriyo viya jalamānā aṭṭhāsi. So tassā kathaṃ sutvā rūpañca oloketvā ‘‘kāsi tva’’nti āha. Imasmiṃ ‘‘rukkhe nibbattadevatā’’ti. So ‘‘diṭṭhā me attano, devatā’’ti tussitvā, ‘‘sāmi devarāja, mā sutasomassa kāraṇā cintayi, attano rukkhaṃ pavisā’’ti āha. Devatā tassa passantasseva rukkhaṃ pāvisi. Tasmiṃ khaṇe sūriyo atthaṅgato, cando uggato. Porisādo vedaṅgakusalo nakkhattacāraṃ jānāti. So nabhaṃ oloketvā ‘‘sve phussanakkhattaṃ bhavissati, sutasomo nhāyituṃ uyyānaṃ gamissati, tattha gaṇhissāmi, ārakkho panassa mahā bhavissati, samantā tiyojanaṃ sakalanagaravāsino rakkhantā carissanti, asaṃvihite ārakkhe paṭhamayāmeyeva migājinaṃ uyyānaṃ gantvā maṅgalapokkharaṇiṃ otaritvā ṭhassāmī’’ti cintetvā tattha gantvā pokkharaṇiṃ oruyha padumapattena sīsaṃ paṭicchādetvā aṭṭhāsi. Tassa tejena macchakacchapādayo osakkitvā udakapariyante vaggavaggā hutvā vicariṃsu.
于是神祇说完,消隐于出家人之相,变化成萨咖容貌于空中,屹立如少壮日般。那人闻其言,观其形,问曰:「汝是谁?」此乃『生于树上之神祇』。他听其自称,满足而喜,称曰:「尊主天王,勿虑须陀洹,入其树中吧。」神祇随即入树。片刻之间,日光全灭,月亮升起。国臣通晓佛法,了解星辰运行。望天云谓:「将有雷击星,须陀洹将入园林沐浴,吾将守护,威力广大,护卫半径三由旬,守护众生,安全无虞。」遂至池塘,伏于莲叶之下。其光照使池中鱼虾龟甲震动,水域波浪层层游动。
Kuto pana laddhoyaṃ tejoti? Pubbayogavasena. So hi kasapadasabalassa kāle khīrasalākabhattaṃ paṭṭhapesi, tena mahāthāmo ahosi. Aggisālañca kāretvā bhikkhusaṅghassa sītavinodanatthaṃ aggiñca dārūni ca dārucchedanavāsiñca pharasuñca adāsi, tena tejavā ahosi.
其光如何得来?由过去功德。昔日修行,曾于迟暮时分支起乳供盘,故得此大光明。又施火钵供养比库僧伽,凉爽清洁用具。又献木柴与斧子、钢刀,因此得有此威光。
Evaṃ tasmiṃ antouyyānaṃ gateyeva balavapaccūsasamaye samantā tiyojanaṃ ārakkhaṃ gaṇhiṃsu. Rājāpi pātova bhuttapātarāso alaṅkatahatthikkhandhavaragato caturaṅginiyā senāya parivuto nagarato nikkhami. Tadā takkasilato nando nāma brāhmaṇo catasso satārahā gāthāyo ādāya vīsatiyonajasataṃ maggaṃ atikkamitvā taṃ nagaraṃ patvā dvāragāme vasitvā sūriye uggate nagaraṃ pavisanto rājānaṃ pācīnadvārena nikkhantaṃ disvā hatthaṃ pasāretvā jayāpesi. Rājā disācakkhuko hutvā gacchanto unnatappadese ṭhitassa brāhmaṇassa pasāritahatthaṃ disvā hatthinā taṃ upasaṅkamitvā pucchi –
如此至园尾时,护卫众力集聚,三由旬皆设防护。国王亦披覆饰有金手镯,骑乘战象,于四军队护卫中出城。时有婆罗门名为难陀,持四百韵诗经诗,越过二千六百道,抵达城下,居于双门村。日出东方,入城见国王由南门出,伸手致敬,说胜利祝愿。国王如天目明亮,行向高地,见婆罗门伸手,亦伸手迎接,问曰:
§396
396.
‘‘Kismiṃ nu raṭṭhe tava jātibhūmi, atha kena atthena idhānupatto;
『贵国』者,尔族地所属之境也。然,此处相应之利由何而得乎?
Akkhāhi me brāhmaṇa etamatthaṃ, kimicchasī demi tayajja patthita’’nti.
『婆罗门,当为我说此意,汝欲我以何物为彼弃彼所学之法而付与耶?』
Tassattho – bho brāhmaṇa, tava jātibhūmi kismiṃ raṭṭhe atthi nu, kena atthena payojanena hetubhūtena ida imasmiṃ nagare anuppatto, bho brāhmaṇa, mayā pucchito so tvaṃ etamatthaṃ etaṃ payojanaṃ me mayhaṃ akkhāhi kathehi, tayā patthitavatthuṃ te tuyhaṃ ajja idāni dadāmi, kiṃ vatthuṃ icchasīti.
于是答曰:『善哉,婆罗门。尔族地所属之境究竟何国耶?以何因缘与目的因此城镇得以成就?婆罗门,汝问我此义,我今为汝说明此目的与因缘,阐释所学所奉之事宜,尔今当告我欲何事也。』
Atha naṃ so gāthamāha –
复而彼白曰——
§397
397.
(诗偈略)
‘‘Gāthā catasso dharaṇīmahissara, sugambhīratthā varasāgarūpamā;
『此诗偈四句,如大地王广大庄严,如深广海洋般深远彰显宏义;』
Taveva atthāya idhāgatosmi, suṇohi gāthā paramatthasaṃhitā’’ti.
我特意前来此地,为了你的利益,请听这首含义深远的偈颂。
Tattha dharaṇīmahissarāti bhūmipāla catasso gāthā kiṃ bhūtā?. Sugambhīratthā varasāgarūpamā, taveva tava eva atthāya idha ṭhānaṃ anuppatto asmi bhavāmi. Suṇohīti kassapadasabalena desitā paramatthasaṃhitā imā satārahā gāthāyo suṇohīti attho.
其中所谓“大地之主”,是指守护大地的护卫者。这里的四句偈颂是什么意思呢?内容深奥犹如广阔如海,我正为你的利益,来到了这个地方。我在这里现身,你要悉心听闻。这‘请听’是由‘谁发出声音’之意延伸而来的,此处用词强调‘含义深远’的偈颂,请倾听。
Iti vatvā, ‘‘mahārāja, imā kassapadasabalena desitā catasso satārahā gāthāyo ‘‘tumhe sutavittakā’ti sutvā tumhākaṃ desetuṃ āgatomhī’’ti āha. Rājā tuṭṭhamānaso hutvā, ‘‘ācariya , suṭṭhu te āgataṃ, mayā pana nivattituṃ na sakkā, ajja phussanakkhattayogena sīsaṃ nhāyituṃ āgatomhi, ahaṃ punadivase āgantvā sossāmi, tvaṃ mā ukkaṇṭhī’’ti vatvā ‘‘gacchatha brāhmaṇassa asukagehe sayanaṃ paññāpetvā ghāsacchādanaṃ saṃvidahathā’’ti amacce āṇāpetvā uyyānaṃ pāvisi. Taṃ aṭṭhārasahatthena pākārena parikkhittaṃ ahosi. Taṃ aññamaññaṃ saṅghaṭṭentā samantā hatthino parikkhipiṃsu, tato assā, tato rathā, tato dhanuggahā, tato pattīti, saṅkhubhitamahāsamuddo viya unnādento balakāyo ahosi. Atha rājā oḷārikāni ābharaṇāni omuñcitvā massukammaṃ kāretvā ubbaṭṭitasarīro pokkharaṇiyā anto rājavibhavena nhatvā paccuttaritvā udakaggahaṇasāṭakena nivāsetvā aṭṭhāsi. Athassa dussagandhamālālaṅkāre upanayiṃsu. Porisādo cintesi – ‘‘rājā alaṅkatakāle bhāriko bhavissati, sallahukakāleyeva naṃ gaṇhissāmī’’ti. So nadanto vagganto udake macchaṃ āluḷento vijjulatā viya matthake khaggaṃ paribbhamento ‘‘ahaṃ are manussacoro porisādo’’ti nāmaṃ sāvetvā aṅguliṃ nalāṭe ṭhapetvā udakā uttari. Tassa saddaṃ sutvāva hatthārohā hatthīhi, assārohā assehi, rathārohā rathehi bhassiṃsu. Balakāyo gahitagahitāni āvudhāni chaḍḍetvā urena bhūmiyaṃ nipajji.
于是,我说:“大王啊,这四句由释迦的弟子所说、具有深远含义的偈颂,‘你们听闻后应当理解’,说完就来向你宣说。”国王心满意足地回应:“尊者,你所说的极好,然而我无法回返。今天因受天神指引,我特来净洗头颅,明日我还将再次来听,切莫忧心。”他说毕,吩咐侍者去招呼婆罗门家,准备卧具和草席覆床,随后进入王宫花园。此地周围用十八肘长的围栏围住,众人齐心协力,在周围布置着象群、马车、长弓和盾牌,坚实如怒涛翻滚的巨海般的铁墙。王随后穿戴华服,进行了礼拜礼仪,在池塘水边沐浴净身,顺次进入所设之处。为王戴上芳香花环和饰物。众臣议论:“王在装饰时将成为富有之人,安闲时我们不会打扰他。”他或近或远在水中戏水戏鱼。水草如剑锋在水面划动,他自称“我是人间盗贼大臣”,把手指放于前额,在水里向上游去。听到水声后,大象群、大马群和战车驾驶者们一起击打欢呼。众战士丢弃武器,俯身伏地于大地。
Porisādo sutasomaṃ ukkhipitvā gaṇhi, sesarājāno pāde gahetvā adhosīsake katvā paṇhiyā sīsaṃ paharanto gacchati. Bodhisattaṃ pana upagantvā onato ukkhipitvā khandhe nisīdāpesi. So ‘‘dvārena gamanaṃ papañco bhavissatī’’ti sammukhaṭṭhāneyeva aṭṭhārasahatthaṃ pākāraṃ laṅghitvā purato galitamadamattavāraṇakumbhe akkamitvā pabbatakūṭāni pātento viya vātajavānaṃ assatarānaṃ piṭṭhe akkamanto pātetvā rathadhurarathasīsesu akkamitvā bhamikaṃ bhamanto viya nīlaphalakāni nigrodhapattāni maddanto viya ekavegeneva tiyojanamattaṃ maggaṃ gantvā ‘‘atthi nu kho koci sutasomassatthāya pacchato āgacchanto’’ti oloketvā kañci aditvā saṇikaṃ gacchanto sutasomassa kesehi udakabindūni attano ure patitāni disvā ‘‘maraṇassa abhāyanto nāma natthi, sutasomopi maraṇabhayena rodati maññe’’ti cintetvā āha –
大臣拾起水中漂浮的苏塔颂诗片段,抓住国王的脚,埋伏下来,磨利长矛企图刺杀国王。那时菩萨(即佛陀前身)走近,将他从身后钉刺处拔出,令他坐于肩膀。众人喧嚣,国王前方十八肘长的围栏被越过,他破坏了盛酒大罐,浩荡如山岳倾倒呼啸狂风。大臣们打击着战车、马匹的车轴和车轮,催促犀牛般冲锋。呼啸如雷的箭矢穿过尼罗树叶,疾速飞行约三十里的路程,巡行道上行走者急忙警戒,观看是否有那个大臣从后方来追赶苏塔颂诗片段。见此情形,他打了个寒噤,观察苏塔颂诗散落在自己肩膀上的水珠,心想:“死亡没有可怕的,只有怕死才是痛苦,苏塔颂诗也因怕死而哭泣,我想。”
§398
398.
‘‘Na ve rudanti matimanto sapaññā, bahussutā ye bahuṭhānacintino;
“不是聪明有智慧者哭泣,或者是多闻者、深思熟虑者哭泣;
Dīpañhi etaṃ paramaṃ narānaṃ, yaṃ paṇḍitā sokanudā bhavanti.
请详细说明此乃人中至上者,谓之智者,无有忧伤。
§399
399.
‘‘Attānaṃ ñātī udāhu puttadāraṃ, dhaññaṃ dhanaṃ rajataṃ jātarūpaṃ;
『自己亲属者,譬如子女、财宝、银钱、容貌,
Kimeva tvaṃ sutasomānutappe, korabyaseṭṭha vacanaṃ suṇoma teta’’nti.
尔时,尊者苏陀陀摩,尔时吾辈欲闻尔所言至善法语,以解忧愁。』
Tattha, bho sutasoma mahārāja, ye paṇḍitā kiṃ bhūtā? Matimanto atthānatthaṃ kāraṇākāraṇaṃ jānanapaññāya samannāgatā, sappaññā vicaraṇapaññāya samannāgatā, bahussutā bahussutadharā bahuṭṭhānacintino bahukāraṇacintanasīlā, te paṇḍitā maraṇabhaye uppanne sati bhītā hutvā ve ekantena na rudanti na paridevanti. Dīpaṃ hīti, bho sutasoma mahārāja hi kasmā pana vadāmi, mahāsamudde bhinnanāvānaṃ vāṇijakānaṃ janānaṃ patiṭṭhābhūtaṃ mahādīpaṃ iva, evampi tathā etaṃ paṇḍitaṃ appaṭisaraṇānaṃ narānaṃ paramaṃ. Yaṃ yena kāraṇena ye paṇḍitā sokīnaṃ janānaṃ sokanudā bhavanti, bho sutasoma mahārāja, tvaṃ maraṇabhayena paridevīti maññe maññāmi. Attānanti, bho sutasoma mahārāja, attahetu udāhu ñātihetu puttadārahetu udāhu dhaññadhanarajatajātarūpahetu kimeva tvaṃ kimeva dhammajātaṃ tvaṃ anutappe anutappeyyāsi. Korabyaseṭṭha kururaṭṭhavāsīnaṃ seṭṭha uttama, bho mahārāja, etaṃ tava vacanaṃ suṇomāti.
谓曰:尊敬的苏陀陀摩大王,何为智者?智慧者,洞察诸因缘与缘起具足慧眼,善得智慧,具备周遍学识,阅读众经,善作深入省察,宽弘心性,善察多缘,具诸多因缘之思维之行者,彼智慧者生于对死亡恐惧而生起正念,故虽惧怖终不哀哭、亦不恸伤。谓曰:王啊,我叙此“光”之义,谓彼犹如大海中破浪船商之生者,在广阔大洲上立足,彼智慧者即为无法后顾之人之至上。无论何缘由,所有智者悲伤之民,苏陀陀摩王啊,余以为尔将因恐死而生忧愁悲恸。尔自身者,尊敬的苏陀陀摩王,尔之亲属、子女、财宝、银钱、容貌诸因缘,何以缘何,尔将不生忧愁不生怨恨?请说至善语!作为库鲁国居民之最上者,尊敬的大王,我们愿闻尔语。」
Sutasomo āha –
苏陀陀摩答曰——
§400
400.
‘‘Nevāhamattānamanutthunāmi, na puttadāraṃ na dhanaṃ na raṭṭhaṃ;
我不屑于自我夸耀,不以儿子、妻妾、财物、国家为傲;
Satañca dhammo carito purāṇo, taṃ saṅgaraṃ brāhmaṇassānutappe.
而是以往昔修行的圣行作为盾牌,这是我对婆罗门的反击。
§401
401.
四百零一。
‘‘Kato mayā saṅgaro brāhmaṇena, raṭṭhe sake issariye ṭhitena;
我曾与在国家中具大威严如月亮者的婆罗门交锋;
Taṃ saṅgaraṃ brāhmaṇasappadāya, saccānurakkhī punarāvajissa’’nti.
与一干婆罗门们一同争斗,确实守护真理并予以反驳。」
Tattha nevāhamattānamanutthunāmīti ahaṃ tāva attatthāya neva rodāmi na socāmi, imesampi puttādīnaṃ atthāya na rodāmi na socāmi, apica kho pana sataṃ paṇḍitānaṃ carito purāṇadhammo atthi, yaṃ saṅgaraṃ katvā pacchā anutappanaṃ nāma, taṃ saṅgaraṃ brāhmaṇassa ahaṃ anusocāmīti attho . Saccānurakkhīti saccaṃ anurakkhanto. So hi brāhmaṇo takkasilato kassapadasabalena desitā catasso satārahā gāthāyo ādāya āgato, tassāhaṃ āgantukavattaṃ kāretvā ‘‘nhatvā āgato suṇissāmi, yāva mamāgamanā āgamehī’’ti saṅgaraṃ katvā āgato, tvaṃ tā gāthāyo sotuṃ adatvāva maṃ gaṇhi. Sace maṃ vissajjesi, taṃ dhammaṃ sutvā saccānurakkhī punarāvajissāmīti vadati.
此处我并非自取忧伤,因此我既不哭泣也不哀叹;对这些子女们利益,我同样既不哭泣也不哀叹。然而,确有古人智者的行为准则存在,谓之为‘作战之后无悔’,即此‘作战’乃婆罗门所经历之忧伤,我对此予以哀悼。所谓坚守真理,即坚守真理者。那婆罗门因智慧精深,具备《咖萨巴四百诗》,携此诗篇而来。我为访客之仪式作备,心言‘他来时我必倾听,直到他归来’。于是作战之后他来,你若不听这诗句,便在拘留我。若你释放我,听闻此法后,我必重归坚守真理的道。”
Atha naṃ porisādo āha –
于是国王答曰:
§401
401.
四百一(诗篇序号)。
‘‘Nevāhametaṃ abhisaddahāmi, sukhī naro maccumukhā pamutto;
“我对此不信,快乐之人已远离命途;
Amittahatthaṃ punarāvajeyya, korabyaseṭṭha na hi maṃ upesi.
倘若仇敌再来攻打,最佳者啊,你断不会念及我。”
§403
403.
四百三(诗篇序号)。
‘‘Mutto tuvaṃ porisādassa hatthā, gantvā sakaṃ mandiraṃ kāmakāmī;
你从国王之手获释,前往宫殿心随欲望;
Madhuraṃ piyaṃ jīvitaṃ laddha rāja, kuto tuvaṃ ehisi me sakāsa’’nti.
得到甜美而可爱的生命,国王,何故亲自来到我这里?
Tattha sukhīti sukhappatto hutvā. Maccumukhā pamuttoti mādisassa corassa hatthato muttatāya maraṇamukhā mutto nāma hutvā amittahatthaṃ punarāvajeyya āgaccheyya, ahaṃ etaṃ vacanaṃ neva abhisaddahāmi, korabyaseṭṭha tvaṃ mama santikaṃ na hi upesi. Muttoti sutasoma tuvaṃ porisādassa hatthato mutto. Sakaṃ mandiranti rājadhānigehaṃ gantvā. Kāmakāmīti kāmaṃ kāmayamāno. Laddhāti ativiya piyaṃ jīvitaṃ labhitvā tuvaṃ me mama santike kuto kena nāma kāraṇena ehisi.
此处所说‘快乐’是指得乐已。‘脱离死门’者,意谓免于盗贼之手的枷锁,得脱死门而称自由。释者即释于恶人之手。未来若仇人再来,该守护者便当防范之。以上言语我不信,贤者你未至我所。‘获释’意即你从国王手中解脱。‘宫殿’即王都之府邸。‘心随欲望’谓贪恋欲乐。‘得到’是极为珍贵的生命得于我身边,为何以何因亲自来此?
Taṃ sutvā mahāsatto sīho viya asambhito āha –
闻此言,大勇士如狮狂怒,严厉说道——
§404
404.
‘‘Mataṃ vareyya parisuddhasīlo, na jīvitaṃ garahito pāpadhammo;
应当护持我者的清净戒律,不应憎恶生命、作恶之法;
Na hi taṃ naraṃ tāyati duggatīhi, yassāpi hetu alikaṃ bhaṇeyya.
决不拘束那人受恶趣之苦,虽他人谈及虚妄之因亦无害。
§405
405.
第四〇五。
‘‘Sacepi vāto girimāvaheyya, cando ca sūriyo ca chamā pateyyuṃ;
假如风将山吹倒,月亮与太阳亦堕落消亡,
Sabbā ca najjo paṭisotaṃ vajeyyuṃ, na tvevahaṃ rāja musā bhaṇeyyaṃ.
众水皆倒流逆转,我也绝不会说王者妄言。
§406
406.
第四〇六。
‘‘Nabhaṃ phaleyya udadhīpi susse, saṃvattaye bhūtadharā vasundharā;
云起雨落,大海潮动,众生所在之地,乃此地球运转运行;
Siluccayo meru samūlamuppate, na tvevahaṃ rāja musā bhaṇeyya’’nti.
“根本清净的品行如同大山的根基,不然,我这国王岂能妄言?”
Tattha mataṃ vareyyāti porisāda yo naro parisuddhasīlo jīvitahetu aṇumattampi pāpaṃ na karoti, sīlasampanno hutvā vareyya taṃ maraṇaṃ iccheyya, garahito pāpadhammo taṃ jīvitaṃ na seyyo, dussīlo puggalo yassāpi hetu attādinopi hetu alikaṃ vacanaṃ bhaṇeyya, taṃ naraṃ evarūpaṃ duggatīhi taṃ alikaṃ na tāyate. Sacepi vāto girimāvaheyyāti, samma porisāda, tayā saddhiṃ ekācariyakule sikkhito evarūpo sahāyako hutvā ahaṃ jīvitahetu musā na kathemi, kiṃ na saddahasi. Sace puratthimādibhedo vāto uṭṭhāya mahantaṃ giriṃ tūlapicuṃ viya ākāse āvaheyya, cando ca sūriyo ca attano attano vimānena saddhiṃ chamā pathaviyaṃ pateyyuṃ, sabbāpi najjo patisotaṃ vajeyyuṃ, bho porisāda , evarūpaṃ vacanaṃ sace bhaṇeyya, taṃ saddahitabbaṃ, ahaṃ musā bhaṇeyyaṃ iti vacanaṃ tuyhaṃ janehi vuttaṃ, na tveva taṃ saddahitabbaṃ.
对此所说的‘贤人应当如此’是指:一位人品纯洁、生活正当、即使是最微小的因缘也不造恶业的人,应当成为贤者;在具足品行之后,应当期望此人得以安乐地走向死亡。若此人被恶习所憎恶,生亦无益。坏品行之人若因任何缘故使自己或他人起恶念妄语,那样的人以此恶缘无法昭示自身,必定堕入恶道。若风能推山,贤人实为如是,因受正行教化,彼乃其助。我不妄言,你为何不信?即便有东方诸天风起,如扛大山般吹拂天际,月与日各以自身天象护佑彼此,众星同声,云雨俱集,贤者若说此理,必当相信。有人说我妄言,此非可信。
Evaṃ vuttepi so na saddahiyeva. Atha bodhisatto ‘‘ayaṃ mayhaṃ na saddahati, sapathenapi naṃ saddahāpessāmī’’ti cintetvā, ‘‘samma porisāda, khandhato tāva maṃ otārehi, sapathaṃ katvā taṃ saddahāpessāmī’’ti vutte tena otāretvā bhūmiyaṃ ṭhapito sapathaṃ karonto āha –
虽然如此说,他仍不信。于是菩萨思维:‘他不信,誓愿令其信服。’思惟后说道:‘贤者若不信,且从身上发誓以期获信。’说毕,便将誓言发自内心立于大地,作如下誓言——
§407
407.
‘‘Asiñca sattiñca parāmasāmi, sapathampi te samma ahaṃ karomi;
“我不虚假,不欺妄;以誓言洁白庄严,此誓我必遵行;
Tayā pamutto anaṇo bhavitvā, saccānurakkhī punarāvajissa’’nti.
因随此誓得解脱,护持真理,我必复还真道。”
Tassattho – samma porisāda, sace icchasi, evarūpehi āvudhehi saṃvihitārakkhe khattiyakule me nibbatti nāma mā hotūti asiñca sattiñca parāmasāmi. Sace aññehi rājūhi akattabbaṃ aññaṃ vā yaṃ icchasi, taṃ sapathampi te, samma, ahaṃ karomi. Yathāhaṃ tayā pamutto gantvā brāhmaṇassa anaṇo hutvā saccamanurakkhanto punarāgamissāmīti.
从那个聚会方面——如果你愿意,我愿意以这样的武器守护保护在武士世家中,我的家族名声不致受损,无毁无失。如果你愿意对其他诸王有所不为或其他所欲,我也以誓言保护此事,绝不违背。正如我过去得释,从婆罗门那里无债无愧,守持真实,定当复还。
Tato porisādo ‘‘ayaṃ sutasomo khattiyehi akattabbaṃ sapathaṃ karoti, kiṃ me iminā, esa etu vā mā vā, ahampi khattiyarājā, mameva bāhulohitaṃ gahetvā devatāya balikammaṃ karissāmi, ayaṃ ativiya kilamatī’’ti cintetvā –
那聚会者心念道:“这个苏达摩在武士中发誓言,说要守护承诺,我应当如何应对他?应当去还是不去?我作为武士国王,将亲执战刀,献祭供养诸天,此人实在极其恶劣。”
§408
408.
【此处为章节或标号408】
‘‘Yo te kato saṅgaro brāhmaṇena, raṭṭhe sake issariye ṭhitena;
“与你有关的战争,由婆罗门挑起,在国家与邻近的诸侯中持久存在;
Taṃ saṅgaraṃ brāhmaṇasappadāya, saccānurakkhī punarāvajassū’’ti.
这场战争乃由婆罗门支持形成,以真诚护持之人,必定终将返回。”
Tattha punarāvajassūti puna āgaccheyyāsi.
这里说“必定终将返回”,意谓你将会再次返回。」
Atha naṃ mahāsatto, ‘‘samma, mā cintayi, catasso satārahā gāthā sutvā dhammakathikassa pūjaṃ katvā pātovāgamissāmī’’ti vatvā gāthamāha –
于是那位大丈夫说:「好吧,不必忧虑,四百首精要偈已听闻,恭敬法师讲法之后,我们即将返归本处。」他边说边吟诵偈语:
§409
409.
第四百零九偈。
‘‘Yo me kato saṅgaro brāhmaṇena, raṭṭhe sake issariye ṭhitena;
「我所成就之战斗,与婆罗门相争,国土安稳,敌人被降伏;
Taṃ saṅgaraṃ brāhmaṇasappadāya, saccānurakkhī punarāvajissa’’nti.
那场战斗由婆罗门众与我同袍共同护持,确实守卫真理,必定重获胜利。」
Atha naṃ porisādo, ‘‘mahārāja, tumhe khattiyehi akattabbaṃ sapathaṃ karittha, taṃ anussareyyāthā’’ti vatvā, ‘‘samma porisāda, tvaṃ maṃ daharakālato paṭṭhāya jānāsi, hāsenapi me musā na kathitapubbā, sohaṃ idāni rajje patiṭṭhito dhammādhammaṃ jānanto kiṃ musā kathessāmi, saddahasi mayhaṃ , ahaṃ te sve balikammaṃ pāpuṇissāmī’’ti saddahāpito ‘‘tena hi gaccha, mahārāja, tumhesu anāgatesu balikammaṃ na bhavissati, devatāpi tumhehi vinā na sampaṭicchati, mā me balikammassa antarāyaṃ karitthā’’ti mahāsattaṃ uyyojesi. So rāhumukhā muttacando viya nāgabalo thāmasampanno khippameva nagaraṃ sampāpuṇi. Senāpissa ‘‘sutasomo rājā paṇḍito madhuradhammakathiko ekaṃ dve kathā kathetuṃ labhanto porisādaṃ dametvā sīhamukhā muttamattavāraṇo viya āgamissati, ‘ime rājānaṃ porisādassa datvā āgatā’ti mahājano garahissatī’’ti cintetvā bahinagareyeva khandhāvāraṃ katvā ṭhitā taṃ dūratova āgacchantaṃ disvā paccuggantvā vanditvā ‘‘kacci, mahārāja, porisādena kilamito’’ti paṭisanthāraṃ katvā ‘‘porisādena mayhaṃ mātāpitūhipi dukkaraṃ kataṃ, tathārūpo nāma caṇḍo sāhasiko porisādo mama dhammakathaṃ sutvā maṃ vissajjesī’’ti vutte rājānaṃ alaṅkaritvā hatthikkhandhaṃ āropetvā parivāretvā nagaraṃ pāvisi. Taṃ disvā sabbe nāgarā tussiṃsu.
于是议事官说:「大王,您与贵族军士曾立过不可违背的誓言,应当遵守。」他说:「好吧,议事官,从青年时代你就知晓我,且未曾欺骗我。如今我已立足国位,明辨法理,焉能虚妄?您应信我,我自会完成祖业。」他信服后劝告大丈夫说:「大王,将来在你们之间不会有违背祖业,诸天亦不会离弃你们,请勿为我祖业造障。」大丈夫像发露怒的猛龙,快速即刻来到城中。军师思忖说:「聪明善良、擅长讲法的苏塔梭摩王,即将带领两三人前来驯服议事官,仿佛伏虎雄狮,众人都会尊敬他说:‘他是奉国王议事官之命来的。’」他在人口稠密处把关,远远见那大丈夫迎来,迎上去给他顶礼,说:「大王,您与议事官之间发生争执了吗?」彼此寒暄后说:「议事官使我与父母均受苦难,这样一个刚强勇悍的议事官听闻我的讲法必定放我自由。」王被这种说法感动,搭上象舆,奉为贵客进入城内。见王进入,众民咸称赞。
Sopi dhammagarutāya dhammasoṇḍatāya mātāpitaro adisvāva ‘‘pacchāpi ne passissāmī’’ti rājanivesanaṃ pavisitvā rājāsane nisīditvā brāhmaṇaṃ pakkosāpetvā massukammādīnissa āṇāpetvā taṃ kappitakesamassuṃ nhātānulittaṃ vatthālaṅkārapaṭimaṇḍitaṃ katvā ānetvā dassitakāle sayaṃ pacchā nhatvā tassa attano bhojanaṃ dāpetvā tasmiṃ bhutte sayaṃ bhuñjitvā taṃ mahārahe pallaṅke nisīdāpetvā dhammagarukatāya assa gandhamālādīhi pūjaṃ katvā sayaṃ nīce āsane nisīditvā ‘‘tumhehi mayhaṃ ābhatā satārahā gāthā suṇoma ācariyā’’ti yāci. Tamatthaṃ dīpento satthā gāthamāha –
那时父母因法之崇高与广大在场,悄声说:「待会我等还将看见。」入王宫坐定,召请婆罗门及一众名匠,加工梳头毛髮、沐浴涂油,装饰华美后端上,邀请他当众洗头。他自洗后,由父母服侍,供养饮食。席间共食,后坐大床,承受法师尊荣,以香花等供养礼敬,令其坐于低位席上,说:「请各位听我讲述四百首精要偈。」世尊灿然开口吟诵偈语:
§410
410.
第四百一十。
‘‘Mutto ca so porisādassa hatthā, gantvāna taṃ brāhmaṇaṃ etadavoca;
“男子手从囊袋中伸出,走向那婆罗门,说道:
Suṇomi gāthāyo satārahāyo, yā me sutā assu hitāya brahme’’ti.
‘我听闻了对我有益的四十八首诗歌,诸佛法中所传此义。’”
Tattha etadavocāti etaṃ avoca.
此处‘他说’意即‘说了这话’。
Atha brāhmaṇo bodhisattena yācitakāle gandhehi hatthe ubbaṭṭetvā pasibbakā manoramaṃ potthakaṃ nīharitvā ubhohi hatthehi gahetvā ‘‘tena hi, mahārāja, kassapadasabalena desitā rāgamadādinimmadanā amatamahānibbānasampāpikā catasso satārahā gāthāyo suṇohī’’ti vatvā potthakaṃ olokento āha –
于是,婆罗门在菩萨施舍时,嗅闻香气,揭起手中的衣物,取出美好卷轴,用双手持着,说:‘大王啊,请听由迦萨巴尊者所说,破解贪欲等诸魔,令心安乐,成就无上涅槃的四十八首吉祥诗歌。’他边看卷轴边说道——
§411
411.
第四百一十一。
‘‘Sakideva sutasoma, sabbhi hoti samāgamo;
『萨迦德瓦 苏陀颇玛者,所有聚会皆合宜也;』
Sā naṃ saṅgati pāleti, nāsabbhi bahu saṅgamo.
『此聚会不污秽,非杂乱众聚,』
§412
412.
‘‘Sabbhireva samāsetha, sabbhi kubbetha santhavaṃ;
『应全然汇聚众人,应尽力产生和合;』
Sataṃ saddhammamaññāya, seyyo hoti na pāpiyo.
『以诚心信受正法,如此者胜于非善法。』
§413
413.
‘‘Jīranti ve rājarathā sucittā, atho sarīrampi jaraṃ upeti;
『国王的战车』虽退化老朽,或身体本身也遭受衰老;
Satañca dhammo na jaraṃ upeti, santo have sabbhi pavedayanti.
但真理永不衰老,圣者皆能宣说此理。
§414
414.
‘‘Nabhañca dūre pathavī ca dūre, pāraṃ samuddassa tadāhu dūre;
『天空远离,地面远在,彼岸隔着大海遥远;』
Tato have dūrataraṃ vadanti, satañca dhammo asatañca rājā’’ti.
于是人们又议论更加遥远,真理永存而王终将逝去。
Tattha sakidevāti ekavārameva. Sabbhīti sappurisehi. Sā nanti sā sabbhi sappurisehi saṅgati samāgamo ekavāraṃ pavattopi taṃ puggalaṃ pāleti rakkhati. Nāsabbhīti asappurisehi pana bahu sucirampi kato saṅgamo ekaṭṭhāne nivāso na pāleti, na thāvaro hotīti attho. Samāsethāti saddhiṃ nisīdeyya, sabbepi iriyāpathe paṇḍiteheva saddhiṃ pavatteyyāti attho. Santhavanti mittasanthavaṃ. Sataṃ saddhammanti paṇḍitānaṃ buddhādīnaṃ sattatiṃsabodhipakkhiyadhammasaṅkhātaṃ saddhammaṃ. Seyyoti etaṃ dhammaṃ ñatvā vaḍḍhiyeva hoti, hāni nāma natthīti attho. Rājarathāti rājūnaṃ ārohanīyarathā. Sucittāti suparikammakatā. Sabbhi pavedayantīti buddhādayo santo ‘‘sabbhī’’ti saṅkhaṃ gataṃ sobhanaṃ uttamaṃ nibbānaṃ pavedenti thomenti, so nibbānasaṅkhāto sataṃ dhammo jaraṃ na upeti na jīrati. Nabhanti ākāso. Dūreti pathavī hi sappatiṭṭhā sagahaṇā, ākāso nirālambo appatiṭṭho, iti ubho ete ekābaddhāpi visaṃyogaṭṭhena anupalittaṭṭhena ca dūre nāma honti. Pāranti orimatīrato paratīraṃ. Tadāhūti taṃ āhu.
其中『仅一次』者,谓唯一回也。『善人』者,谓正人君子也。『与善人之交』者,谓与善人正人君子之聚合、会合,即便仅发生一次,亦守护、保护彼人。『非善人』者,与不善之人,即便长期多次交往、同住一处,亦不能守护,不得稳固,此即其义。『共坐』者,谓共同坐下,于一切威仪中唯与智者共处,此即其义。『亲密』者,谓友谊之亲密也。『善人之正法』者,谓智者如佛陀等三十七菩提分法所摄之正法。『为胜』者,知此法后唯有增长,绝无衰退,此即其义。『王之战车』者,谓国王乘驾之车驾。『精美彩绘』者,谓经过精心装饰者也。『善人所宣说』者,谓诸佛陀等善人宣扬称颂被称为『善人之法』、殊胜最上之涅槃;彼称为善人之法的涅槃,不遭衰老,不老朽也。『虚空』者,谓天空也。『遥远』者,大地有所依托、有所执持,虚空无所凭依、无所立足,如此二者虽同处一域,然以不相连结之故及不相染污之故,名为遥远。『彼岸』者,谓从此岸至彼岸也。『如是称之』者,如此说也。
Iti brāhmaṇo catasso satārahā gāthā kassapadasabalena desitaniyāmena desetvā tuṇhī ahosi . Taṃ sutvā mahāsatto ‘‘sapphalaṃ vata me āgamana’’nti tuṭṭhacitto hutvā ‘‘imā gāthā neva sāvakabhāsitā, na isibhāsitā, na kenaci bhāsitā, sabbaññunāva bhāsitā, kiṃ nu kho agghantī’’ti cintetvā ‘‘imāsaṃ sakalampi cakkavāḷaṃ yāva brahmalokā sattaratanapuṇṇaṃ katvā dadamānopi neva anucchavikaṃ kātuṃ sakkoti, ahaṃ kho panassa tiyojanasate kururaṭṭhe sattayojanike indapatthanagare rajjaṃ dātuṃ pahomi, atthi nu khvassa rajjaṃ kāretuṃ bhāgya’’nti aṅgavijjānubhāvena olokento nāddasa. Tato senāpatiṭṭhānādīni olokento ekagāmabhojakamattassapi bhāgyaṃ adisvā dhanalābhassa olokento koṭidhanato paṭṭhāya oloketvā catunnaṃyeva kahāpaṇasahassānaṃ bhāgyaṃ disvā ‘‘ettakena naṃ pūjessāmī’’ti catasso sahassatthavikā dāpetvā, ‘‘ācariya, tumhe aññesaṃ khattiyānaṃ imā gāthā desetvā kittakaṃ dhanaṃ labhathā’’ti pucchati. ‘‘Ekekāya gāthāya sataṃ sataṃ, mahārāja, teneva tā satārahā nāma jātā’’ti. Atha naṃ mahāsatto, ‘‘ācariya, tvaṃ attanā gahetvā vikkeyyabhaṇḍassa agghampi na jānāsi , ito paṭṭhāya ekekā gāthā sahassārahā nāma hontū’’ti vatvā gāthamāha –
如是,婆罗门将四百首诗歌,依靠咖萨巴语音的力量经过宣说教导完毕后,即归于寂静。闻此,大丈夫心生欢喜,称赞道:「我的来临极其有益。」心满意足之后思惟:「这些诗歌绝非弟子所说,非凡夫所说,亦无人所说,而是所有智者所说。既然如此,莫非有超凡的神力?」于是他观察说:「即使诸天界、七宝满盈的梵天世界,从起初直至今,纵然给予这些诗歌一切,却也不能使之衰退。我今愿于库鲁国城中,距此三由旬、七由旬之处,献上一个国土,岂得福德使其成就?」凭借智慧观察,但未见有人。随后,他考察军营驻扎处等,并推量即使只供应一村食宿者的福报,再审视其财富,他见到超过四千万银币的福报,而喟叹道:「以此数额我不能恭敬供养。」遂以四千万作为供养礼物。又问道:「老师,你们若宣说其他族姓之王者的这些诗歌,能否获得丰饶财富?」回答说:「一首诗百首为一套,尊贵大王,正是由此产生四百套诗歌。」当时大丈夫说:「老师,你若亲自执持,必不知仓库财宝之充足。从此起算,每首诗俱有一千首为一套。」于是说诗:
§415
415.
‘‘Sahassiyā imā gāthā, nahimā gāthā satārahā;
「千首此诗,这是四百诗,
Cattāri tvaṃ sahassāni, khippaṃ gaṇhāhi brāhmaṇā’’ti.
你速将四千首,悉数摄受来。」
Tassattho – brāhmaṇa, imā gāthā sahassiyā sahassārahā, imā gāthā satārahā na hi hontu, brāhmaṇa, tvaṃ cattāri sahassāni khippaṃ gaṇhāti.
对此婆罗门说:「此乃千首诗,每首千集,非四百。婆罗门,你当速摄取四千首。」
Athassa ekaṃ sukhayānakaṃ datvā ‘‘brāhmaṇaṃ sotthinā gehaṃ sampāpethā’’ti purise āṇāpetvā taṃ uyyojesi. Tasmiṃ khaṇe ‘‘sutasomaraññā satārahā gāthā sahassārahā katvā pūjitā sādhu sādhū’’ti mahāsādhukārasaddo ahosi. Tassa mātāpitaro taṃ saddaṃ sutvā ‘‘kiṃ saddo nāmesā’’ti pucchitvā yathābhūtaṃ sutvā attano dhanalobhatāya mahāsattassa kujjhiṃsu. Sopi brāhmaṇaṃ uyyojetvā tesaṃ santikaṃ gantvā vanditvā aṭṭhāsi. Athassa pitā ‘‘kathaṃ, tāta, evarūpassa sāhasikassa corassa hatthato muttosī’’ti paṭisanthāramattampi akatvā attano dhanalobhatāya ‘‘saccaṃ kira, tāta, tayā catasso gāthā sutvā cattāri sahassāni dinnānī’’ti pucchitvā ‘‘sacca’’nti vutte gāthamāha –
随后,他送给这人一辆乘车作为吉祥之物,且祝愿道:「祝婆罗门安稳,家宅坚固。」即刻车轮响起「苏陀苏摩兰那」的声音,唤赞此四百首诗千集诗歌尊贵殊胜。其父母闻此赞声,便追问说:「此何名声?」听闻本质,因对财欲妒恨大丈夫。大丈夫亦遣送此婆罗门,亲至其家,行礼而立。其父还说:「父亲啊,彼等果真把持如此无耻的盗贼,竟能手持释放之权?」反复思虑因贪财心,「确实啊,父亲,你读闻四首诗歌,得四千首,」又言「确实」,之后而说诗:
§416
416.
第四百一十六。
‘‘Āsītiyā nāvutiyā ca gāthā, satārahā cāpi bhaveyya gāthā;
『应有八十和九十及一百两百的诗偈,』
Paccattameva sutasoma jānahi, sahassiyā nāma kā atthi gāthā’’ti.
『对前者,当自知其名谓“苏陀颇摩”,又有千首的诗句。』
Tassattho – gāthā nāma, tāta, āsītiyā ca nāvutiyā ca satārahā cāpi bhaveyya, paccattameva attanāva jānāhi, sahassārahā nāma gāthā kā kassa santike atthīti.
由此得知——所谓诗偈,即在此教法中应有八十和九十及一百两百的诗句,如是当自晓知,又须明白千首诗偈指的是谁的,何处存在。
Atha naṃ mahāsatto ‘‘nāhaṃ, tāta, dhanena vuddhiṃ icchāmi, sutena pana icchāmī’’ti saññāpento āha –
于是那位圣者告曰:『我并不愿以财富增长为志,乃愿以听闻为志。』表露心迹后,乃说——
§417
417.
第四百一十七。
‘‘Icchāmi vohaṃ sutavuddhimattano, santoti maṃ sappurisā bhajeyyuṃ;
『我愿为汝等自求闻法之益,故圣贤当爱护我。』
Ahaṃ savantīhi mahodadhīva, na hi tāta tappāmi subhāsitena.
『我如大海那样广大,无惧以善言而受苦难。』
§418
418.
‘‘Aggi yathā tiṇakaṭṭhaṃ dahanto, na kappatī sāgarova nadībhi;
『火焰燃烧干草木,河海却不被燃尽;』
Evampi te paṇḍitā rājaseṭṭha, sutvā na tappanti subhāsitena.
『如是,诸贤尊王子,闻善语后不受苦。』
§419
419.
‘‘Sakassa dāsassa yadā suṇomi, gāthaṃ ahaṃ atthavatiṃ janinda;
『萨咖之仆奴,若我闻此,当有人唱诵具义之偈;』
Tameva sakkacca nisāmayāmi, na hi tāta dhammesu mamatthi tittī’’ti.
『唯此萨咖我从属,誓不轻视彼法,无我所有之所依。』
Tattha voti nipātamattaṃ. ‘‘Santo’’ti ete ca maṃ bhajeyyuṃ iti icchāmi. Savantīhīti nadīhi. Sakassāti tiṭṭhatu, nanda, brāhmaṇo, yadā ahaṃ attano dāsassapi santike suṇomi, tāta, dhammesu mama titti na hi atthīti.
其中仅谓断句『圣贤众』,愿以此被我所敬。谓河为流。所谓萨咖者,应当持止,难达婆罗门也。言『我近仆奴时闻』,意于彼法我无依也。
Evañca pana vatvā ‘‘mā maṃ, tāta, dhanahetu paribhāsasi, ahaṃ dhammaṃ sutvā āgamissāmī’’ti sapathaṃ katvā āgato, idānāhaṃ porisādassa santikaṃ gamissāmi, idaṃ te rajjaṃ gaṇhathā’’ti rajjaṃ niyyādento gāthamāha –
如此而说曰『勿以财故谤我,吾听法将至尔处』。既发誓而来,我今往见主人,『此地国土汝统摄』。言授国土并告偈曰——
§420
420.
‘‘Idaṃ te raṭṭhaṃ sadhanaṃ sayoggaṃ, sakāyuraṃ sabbakāmūpapannaṃ;
『此土为尔国,安固之基业,伴以一切所欲所有。』
Kiṃ kāmahetu paribhāsasi maṃ, gacchāmahaṃ porisādassa ñatte’’ti.
‘你以何种欲望的缘故称呼我?我将随从尊长出行。’
Tattha ñatteti santike.
此处‘尊长’意指‘在近旁者’。
Tasmiṃ samaye piturañño hadayaṃ uṇhaṃ ahosi. So, ‘‘tāta sutasoma, kiṃ nāmetaṃ kathesi, mayaṃ caturaṅginiyā senāya coraṃ gahessāmā’’ti vatvā gāthamāha –
当时,父王心中炽热。他对他说:‘儿啊,苏陀颇摩,你正讲说何事?我们将率领四乘(象、马、战车、步兵)军队捕捉盗贼。’遂吟诵此偈——
§421
421.
‘‘Attānurakkhāya bhavanti hete, hatthārohā rathikā pattikā ca;
‘护卫自身者得其因,象骑、马车及步兵;
Assārohā ye ca dhanuggahāse, senaṃ payuñjāma hanāma sattu’’nti.
善执弓者兼善射杀,与军合力诛戮敌寇。’
Tattha hanāmāti sace evaṃ payojitā senā taṃ gahetuṃ na sakkonti, atha naṃ sakalaraṭṭhavāsino gahetvā gantvā hanāma sattuṃ, mārema taṃ amhākaṃ paccāmittanti attho.
这里所说“杀敌”者,若是如此派遣军队却不能攻取敌方,则应由本地民众拿起武器赶往讨伐敌人,杀敌护我,这才有意义。
Atha naṃ mātāpitaro assupuṇṇamukhā rodamānā vilapantā, ‘‘tāta, mā gaccha, gantuṃ na labbhā’’ti yāciṃsu. Soḷasasahassā nāṭakitthiyopi sesaparijanopi ‘‘amhe anāthe katvā kuhiṃ gacchasi, devā’’ti parideviṃsu. Sakalanagare koci sakabhāvena saṇṭhātuṃ asakkonto ‘‘sutasomo porisādassa kira paṭiññaṃ datvā āgato, idāni catasso satārahā gāthā sutvā dhammakathikassa sakkāraṃ katvā mātāpitaro vanditvā punapi kira corassa santikaṃ gamissatī’’ti sakalanagaraṃ ekakolāhalaṃ ahosi. Sopi mātāpitūnaṃ vacanaṃ sutvā gāthamāha –
随后父母面带愁苦、泪流满面,一边哭诉一边劝说说:“孩子,别去了,去不了的。”连一万六千名戏剧演员和演员家属也为他感到悲痛哀叹,“我们都是孤儿啊,你要去何处,天神呵!”全城无法团结一致反抗敌人,议论纷纷:“听说苏塔索莫给统治者许了诺,如今他听了四百四十首诗歌,对法师表示敬意,父母敬拜他,他却要去贼寇那里。”这一消息使得全城一片喧嚣。听闻父母的言语,他诵诗答曰——
§422
422.
第四二二(节)
‘‘Sudukkaraṃ porisādo akāsi, jīvaṃ gahetvāna avassajī maṃ;
“这统治者作恶多端,夺取性命残害我;
Taṃ tādisaṃ pubbakiccaṃ saranto, dubbhe ahaṃ tassa kathaṃ janindā’’ti.
曾经为他做过的事多是坏事,我怎能支持他呢?”
Tattha jīvaṃ gahetvānāti jīvaggāhaṃ gahetvā. Taṃ tādisanti taṃ tena kataṃ tathārūpaṃ. Pubbakiccanti purimaṃ upakāraṃ. Janindāti pitaraṃ ālapati.
这里“夺取性命”比喻活命不保。所谓“这类事”,乃指前世的利益之事。所谓“支持”,言父亲劝导他。
So mātāpitaro assāsetvā, ‘‘amma tātā, tumhe mayhaṃ mā cintayittha, katakalyāṇo ahaṃ, mama chakāmassaggissariyaṃ na dullabha’’nti mātāpitaro vanditvā āpucchitvā sesajanaṃ anusāsitvā pakkāmi. Tamatthaṃ pakāsento satthā āha –
于是父母请求说:「母亲,父亲,请你们不要为我担忧,我行的是善事,我所求得的披肩并非难得之物。」父母顶礼后再三询问,劝导完毕,我启程离开。对此,尊者为阐明故说——
§423
423.
‘‘Vanditvā so pitaraṃ mātarañca, anusāsitvā negamañca balañca;
「他礼敬父亲与母亲,劝诫乡里及众力;
Saccavādī saccānurakkhamāno, agamāsi so yattha porisādo’’ti.
他是诚实守信者,守护真实,他到达了那裡镇长所在之处。」
Tattha saccānurakkhamānoti saccaṃ anurakkhamāno. Agamāsīti taṃ rattiṃ nivesaneyeva vasitvā punadivase aruṇuggamanavelāya mātāpitaro vanditvā āpucchitvā sesajanaṃ anusāsitvā assumukhena nānappakāraṃ paridevantena itthāgārādinā mahājanena anugato nagarā nikkhamma taṃ janaṃ nivattetuṃ asakkonto mahāmagge daṇḍakena tiriyaṃ lekhaṃ kaḍḍhitvā ‘‘sace mayi sineho atthi, imaṃ mā atikkamiṃsū’’ti āha. Mahājano sīlavato tejavantassa āṇaṃ atikkamituṃ asakkonto mahāsaddena paridevamāno taṃ sīhavijambhitena gacchantaṃ oloketvā tasmiṃ dassanūpacāraṃ atikkante ekaravaṃ ravanto nagaraṃ pāvisi. Sopi āgatamaggeneva tassa santikaṃ gato. Tena vuttaṃ ‘‘agamāsi so yattha porisādo’’ti.
其中,『守护真实者』者,指守护真实不失之人。『到达』意指他当夜只是暂居宿处,而次日清晨日出时分,父母再次顶礼敬问并告诫我。带头的妇人及众多善人陪同,出城以后,无法返回那地城镇,他沿主道进入森林,用木杖批划路径,告诫说:『若我心中有爱,就请别越过这里。』众多品行端正且威严的人无法越过此地,放声叹息。途经的狮吼勇士在远方行走回望他的光彩,见此情状,饶有兴趣地进入城中,大声疾呼。来者即沿其路径走近。于是,传说『他到达了那裡镇长所在之处』。
Tato porisādo cintesi – ‘‘sace mama sahāyo sutasomo āgantukāmo, āgacchatu, anāgantukāmo, anāgacchatu, rukkhadevatā yaṃ mayhaṃ icchati , taṃ karotu, ime rājāno māretvā pañcamadhuramaṃsena balikammaṃ karissāmī’’ti citakaṃ katvā aggiṃ jāletvā ‘‘aṅgārarāsi tāva hotū’’ti tassa sūle tacchantassa nisinnakāle sutasomo āgato. Atha naṃ porisādo disvā tuṭṭhacitto, ‘‘samma, gantvā kattabbakiccaṃ te kata’’nti pucchi. Mahāsatto, ‘‘āma mahārāja, kassapadasabalena desitā gāthā me sutā, dhammakathikassa ca sakkāro kato, tasmā gantvā kattabbakiccaṃ kataṃ nāma hotī’’ti dassetuṃ gāthamāha –
然后镇长思虑道:『若我的助手苏陀颇摩想来,就让他来;若他不想来,就让他不来。守护我之树神想得到什么,就让他做吧。若国王迁怒于我,我就以五须弥肉进行报复。』他点燃火把,嘱咐道『愿火星累积』时,苏陀颇摩来了。镇长见之心喜,询问道:『很好,你来吧,应作之事你已经完成。』大丈夫答道:『尊大王,凭我因听闻咖萨巴一族所宣讲的歌谣,且受教法传者尊敬,故我来到这里,应办之事已经做完了。』为表明此意,他诵唱道歌——
§424
424.
‘‘Kato mayā saṅgaro brāhmaṇena, raṭṭhe sake issariye ṭhitena;
『我与婆罗门之间有何争斗,国中与萨咖敌对立者;
Taṃ saṅgaraṃ brāhmaṇasappadāya, saccānurakkhī punarāgatosmi;
那争斗与婆罗门群体,我因守真实又重归于此;
Yajassu yaññaṃ khāda maṃ porisādā’’ti.
请问为何国王吃我献上的祭品?』
Tattha yajassūti maṃ māretvā devatāya vā yaññaṃ yajassu, maṃsaṃ vā me khādāhīti attho.
此中“献祭”者意指王杀我供养天神以作祭礼,亦或食用我的肉。
Taṃ sutvā porisādo ‘‘ayaṃ rājā na bhāyati, vigatamaraṇabhayo hutvā katheti, kissa nu kho esa ānubhāvo’’ti cintetvā ‘‘aññaṃ natthi, ayaṃ ‘kassapadasabalena desitā gāthā me sutā’ti vadati, tāsaṃ etena āsubhāvena bhavitabbaṃ, ahampi taṃ kathāpetvā tā gāthāyo sossāmi, evaṃ ahampi nibbhayo bhavissāmī’’ti sanniṭṭhānaṃ katvā gāthamāha –
国王闻此,心想:『此王不生恐惧,已无死怖而说此话,究竟是何根缘呢?』思维后曰:『无他,他谓“这是咖萨巴长者所教导之颂句我所听闻”,此颂应当以此恶相对待,我亦复述此言,亦将聆听这些颂句,因此我亦不生畏怖。』于是起立宣说这颂曰——
§425
425.
四百二十五。
‘‘Na hāyate khāditaṃ mayhaṃ pacchā, citakā ayaṃ tāva sadhūmikāva;
『我所吃之物无有损坏,眼目自今犹如瑟瑟草;
Niddhūmake pacitaṃ sādhupakkaṃ, suṇomi gāthāyo satārahāyo’’ti.
在炉火中熟成臻熟之肉,我闻彼等真言讴歌。』
Tattha khāditanti khādanaṃ. Taṃ khādanaṃ mayhaṃ pacchā vā pure vā na parihāyati, pacchāpi hi tvaṃ mayā khāditabbova. Niddhūmake pacitanti niddhūme nijjhāle aggimhi pakkamaṃsaṃ sādhupakkaṃ nāma hoti.
此处中「吃」指食物。食物虽为我先后所吞咽,却无遗失,因我当已食之。所谓在炉火中熟成者,即在燃烧中成熟的兽肉,名为臻熟。
Taṃ sutvā mahāsatto ‘‘ayaṃ porisādo pāpadhammo, imaṃ thokaṃ niggahetvā lajjāpetvā kathessāmī’’ti cintetvā āha –
闻此语后,大勇者心念道:『此乃恶人乱语,吾将摄受此片,羞愧而讥诮之。』于是言说——
§426
426.
四百二十六。
‘‘Adhammiko tvaṃ porisādakāsi, raṭṭhā ca bhaṭṭho udarassa hetu;
『你行不法之事,犹如仆从败坏国土,肚腹为祸之因』,
Dhammañcimā abhivadanti gāthā, dhammo ca adhammo ca kuhiṃ sameti.
『此处众人称颂诸法,此法与不法,究竟归何处?』
§427
427.
‘‘Adhammikassa luddassa, niccaṃ lohitapāṇino;
『不法之人嗜血,常处血手之中,』
Natthi saccaṃ kuto dhammo, kiṃ sutena karissasī’’ti.
『无真实,何来法义?你将凭借什么而行此听闻?』
Tattha dhammañcimāti imā ca gāthā navalokuttaradhammaṃ abhivadanti. Kuhiṃ sametīti kattha samāgacchati. Dhammo hi sugatiṃ pāpeti nibbānaṃ vā, adhammo duggatiṃ. Kuto dhammoti vacīsaccamattampi natthi, kuto dhammo. Kiṃ sutenāti tvaṃ etena sutena kiṃ karissasi, mattikābhājanaṃ viya hi sīhavasāya abhājanaṃ tvaṃ dhammassa.
此处『此处诸法』指此等赞诵之歌,彼歌颂新生北方法义。所谓『归何处』者,即彼法聚集何方。法能导向善道,乃至涅槃;不法则通向恶道。『何来法义』者,连语言之真实尚无,何况诸法。『凭借听闻』者,意谓你以此音声如泥土碎片般贻笑狮子之巢穴,不能依止法义而行。
So evaṃ kathitepi neva kujjhi. Kasmā? Mahāsattassa mettābhāvanāya mahattena. Atha naṃ ‘‘kiṃ pana samma sutasoma ahameva adhammiko’’ti vatvā gāthamāha –
虽然如此说来也不依俗谚责备,这是为什么呢?因为这关系到那位大丈夫为慈心修习而具备伟大的心量。后来他对尊者萨陀摩说:“但我若称你为不正行者”,于是吟诵一首偈颂——
§428
428.
‘‘Yo maṃsahetu migavaṃ careyya, yo vā hane purisamattahetu;
“若有人因食肉而猎取野兽,若有人因杀害者而毁伤,
Ubhopi te pecca samā bhavanti, kasmā no adhammikaṃ brūsi maṃ tva’’nti.
彼此死后处境都是相应;为何你却称我为不正行者?”
Tattha kasmā noti ye jambudīpatale rājāno alaṅkatapaṭiyattā mahābalaparivārā rathavaragatā migavaṃ carantā tikhiṇehi sarehi mige vijjhitvā mārenti, te avatvā kasmā tvaṃ maññeva adhammikanti vadati. Yadi te niddosā, ahampi niddoso evāti dīpeti.
这里,为什么那些在珍宝之岛——即人间大陆上,国王们因佩戴华丽的装饰,带领强大随从,乘御战车,狩猎野兽,用锋利的兵器猎杀野兽,他们已死后为什么你反以‘不正行者’称呼我呢?如果他们不罪,则我亦不罪,这正说明了这个道理。
Taṃ sutvā mahāsatto tassa laddhiṃ bhindanto gāthamāha –
听闻此言,那大丈夫心中豁然开朗,破除疑惑,遂吟诵一首偈颂回答——
§429
429.
四百二十九。
‘‘Pañca pañca na khā bhakkhā, khattiyena pajānatā;
『五类众生中,有五种生物不应食用,这是由士族(战士阶层)所知晓的;
Abhakkhaṃ rāja bhakkhesi, tasmā adhammiko tuva’’nti.
你食用不应食的,国王,你因而是不正法者。』
Tassattho – samma porisāda, khattiyena nāma khattiyadhammaṃ jānantena pañca pañca hatthiādayo daseva sattā maṃsavasena na khā bhakkhā na kho khāditabbayuttakā. ‘‘Na kho’’tveva vā pāṭho. Aparo nayo khattiyena khattiyadhammaṃ jānantena pañcanakhesu sattesu sasako, sallako, godhā, kapi kummoti ime pañceva sattā bhakkhitabbayuttakā, na aññe, tvaṃ pana abhakkhaṃ manussamaṃsaṃ bhakkhesi, tena adhammikoti.
对此应说:正确的理解是,士族称为士族法的知识者,知道五类生物——大象等十类、狮子等七类、肉食动物等不可食用,故此不食用也不应食用,故意说『不应食用』这是文句。另一种说法为:士族知道士族法,在这五类猎物中,鹿、羚羊、野猪、猿猴等这五类是应食用的,非其他。但你却食用了非应食的人类肉,因此这是不正法的行为。」
Iti so niggahaṃ patvā aññaṃ nissaraṇaṃ adisvā attano pāpaṃ paṭicchādento gāthamāha –
以上为要集,用以排除他解,遮覆自身罪恶,随后演说偈言——
§430
430.
四百三十。
‘‘Mutto tuvaṃ porisādassa hatthā, gantvā sakaṃ mandiraṃ kāmakāmī;
『你切断了国主的手,亲自去欲行宫殿;』
Amittahatthaṃ punarāgatosi, na khattadhamme kusalosi rājā’’ti.
『你又因失去双手而复生愤恨,君王不可称为善也。』
Tattha na khattadhammeti tvaṃ khattiyadhammasaṅkhāte nītisatthe na kusalosi, attano atthānatthaṃ na jānāsi, akāraṇeneva te loke paṇḍitoti kitti patthaṭā, ahaṃ pana te paṇḍitabhāvaṃ na passāmi na jānāmi, atibālosīhi vadati.
此中所谓君王法,是指与王者法度相关的正道,你未能行善,不识自身利害,唯因无智而世人称你为愚人,我却不见你的智慧,实乃愚痴之辈如是说。
Atha naṃ mahāsatto, ‘‘samma, khattiyadhamme kusalena nāma mādiseneva bhavitabbaṃ. Ahañhi taṃ jānāmi, na pana tadatthāya paṭipajjāmī’’ti vatvā gāthamāha –
随后那位大人言道:『确实,君王法中正当以善行统御,如蜜之不可过度。我了然此理,但暂不奉行。』说毕作偈言——
§431
431.
‘‘Ye khattadhamme kusalā bhavanti, pāyena te nerayikā bhavanti;
『凡称君王法得善者,若河流可达地狱涧;」
Tasmā ahaṃ khattadhammaṃ pahāya, saccānurakkhī punarāgatosmi;
因此我舍弃王族世尊所传的法,护持真实,重新回归真理。
Yajassu yaññaṃ khāda maṃ porisādā’’ti.
因为你们吃我献上的祭品,臣民们如此说。
Tattha kusalāti tadatthāya paṭipajjanakusalā. Pāyenāti yebhuyyena nerayikā. Ye pana tattha na nibbattanti, te sesāpāyesu nibbattanti.
其中“善法”指的是为其目的而行的善行。所谓“恶道”是指诸多地狱。若有人未堕于此,则最终必堕于余下诸恶道。
Porisādo āha –
王庭臣民说道——
§432
432.
(文中记作432,系编号或章节标识,无须译出)
‘‘Pāsādavāsā pathavīgavāssā, kāmitthiyo kāsikacandanañca;
『有望楼宫殿,有地基和屋顶,有各种欲乐,有城中檀香等物;』
Sabbaṃ tahiṃ labhasi sāmitāya, saccena kiṃ passasi ānisaṃsa’’nti.
你全然获得安宁,于真谛中你看见何等利益?
Tattha pāsādavāsāti, samma sutasoma, tava tiṇṇaṃ utūnaṃ anucchavikā dibbavimānakappā tayo nivāsapāsādā. Pathavīgavāssāti pathavī ca gāvo ca assā ca bahū. Kāmitthiyoti kāmavatthubhūtā itthiyo. Kāsikacandanañcāti kāsikavatthañca lohitacandanañca. Sabbaṃ tahinti etañca aññañca upabhogaparibhogaṃ sabbaṃ tvaṃ tahiṃ attano nagare sāmitāya labhasi, sāmī hutvā yathā icchasi, tathā paribhuñjituṃ labhati, so tvaṃ sabbametaṃ pahāya saccānurakkhī idhāgacchanto saccena kiṃ ānisaṃsaṃ passasīti.
其中所谓宫殿屋舍者,即正闻之所称,你三层楼的珍奇神仙宫殿,有三处住所。所谓土地水田者,指地、水、牛、马等众多。所谓女子者,即有欲境者的女人。所谓村庄檀香者,既指村庄,也指红檀香。诸般物资及其他种种享用之物,皆由你在自己的城中安稳取得,成为主人,愿随意享用。你舍弃这一切,持守真实,到此处来,则于真实中见何等利益?
Bodhisatto āha –
菩萨说道——
§433
433.
‘‘Ye kecime atthi rasā pathabyā, saccaṃ tesaṃ sādutaraṃ rasānaṃ;
"世间若有辈份上等的味道,其真实乃各种味道之最胜;
Sacce ṭhitā samaṇabrāhmaṇā ca, taranti jātimaraṇassa pāra’’nti.
持真理立志的沙门婆罗门,能越过生死苦海彼岸。"
Tattha sādutaranti yasmā sabbepi rasā sattānaṃ saccakāleyeva paṇītā madhurā honti, tasmā saccaṃ tesaṃ sādutaraṃ rasānaṃ, yasmā vā viratisaccavacīsacce ṭhitā jātimaraṇasaṅkhātassa tebhūmakavaṭṭassa pāraṃ amatamahānibbānaṃ taranti pāpuṇanti, tasmāpi taṃ sādutaranti.
在此处,『甘美者超越一切』者,因为众生所在的现实境遇中,真实清净的滋味自然高贵甘美。由此,真实是他们甘美滋味的超越,原因在于持守真实之辩语,在生死累积的三界轮回彼岸,达到无死大涅槃者,成功超越并获得无上安乐,故此他们亦称之为甘美超越。
Evamassa mahāsatto sacce ānisaṃsaṃ kathesi. Tato porisādo vikasitapadumapuṇṇacandasassirikamevassa mukhaṃ oloketvā ‘‘ayaṃ sutasomo aṅgāracitakaṃ mañca sūlaṃ tacchantaṃ passati, cittutrāsamattampissa natthi, kiṃ nu kho esa satārahagāthānaṃ ānubhāvo, udāhu saccassa, aññasseva vā kassacī’’ti cintetvā ‘‘pucchissāmi tāva na’’nti pucchanto gāthamāha –
同样,大智慧者论述真实的因缘。随后,王子端详已盛开满月般的莲花光辉面容,心中想着:『这人宛如苏陀颂摩,视死如敝袍刺矢,心中毫无恐惧,莫非这正是真正圣者句歌的体现,或者他所说属于他人之观?』『我正要询问』,于是问道:
§434
434.
第四三四偈。
‘‘Mutto tuvaṃ porisādassa hatthā, gantvā sakaṃ mandiraṃ kāmakāmī;
“你已解脱,王子啊,去吧,往自身所愿的宫殿去;
Amittahatthaṃ punarāgatosi, na hi nūna te maraṇabhayaṃ janinda;
你已脱离仇敌之手,再次归来,不必害怕死亡;
Alīnacitto asi saccavādī’’ti.
你的心已脱离他缘,乃真实之言者。”
Mahāsattopissa ācikkhanto āha –
伟大众生说教时说道:
§435
435.
第四百三十五偈。
‘‘Katā me kalyāṇā anekarūpā, yaññā yiṭṭhā ye vipulā pasatthā;
我已成就多种善法,皆为使我安乐广大清净;
Visodhito paralokassa maggo, dhamme ṭhito ko maraṇassa bhāye.
已了脱彼世道之途,立于法中无惧死忧。
§436
436.
第四百三十六偈。
‘‘Katā me kalyāṇā anekarūpā, yaññā yiṭṭhā ye vipulā pasatthā;
我已成就多种善法,皆为使我安乐广大清净;
Anānutappaṃ paralokaṃ gamissaṃ, yajassu yaññaṃ ada maṃ porisāda.
『无愧疚者,将往彼世,若有人行供养,则当敬礼我王。』
§437
437.
‘‘Pitā ca mātā ca upaṭṭhitā me, dhammena me issariyaṃ pasatthaṃ;
『父与母皆护持于我,法为我所依赖的主宰;』
Visodhito paralokassa maggo, dhamme ṭhito ko maraṇassa bhāye.
『净化了通往彼世的道路,立足于法者无惧死亡。』
§438
438.
‘‘Pitā ca mātā ca upaṭṭhitā me, dhammena me issariyaṃ pasatthaṃ;
『父与母皆护持于我,法为我所依赖的主宰;』
Anānutappaṃ paralokaṃ gamissaṃ, yajassu yaññaṃ ada maṃ porisāda.
『若能无烦恼而往他方世界,作供养祭献,我即不生怨嫉。』
§439
439.
第四三九。
‘‘Ñātīsu mittesu katā me kārā, dhammena me issariyaṃ pasatthaṃ;
『亲族与朋友中我所作的事业,奉行法则我所统持的权威;
Visodhito paralokassa maggo, dhamme ṭhito ko maraṇassa bhāye.
净清者通向彼世之路,立于法中者不惧死亡。』
§440
440.
第四四〇。
‘‘Ñātīsu mittesu katā me kārā, dhammena me issariyaṃ pasatthaṃ;
『亲族与朋友中我所作的事业,奉行法则我所统持的权威;』
Anānutappaṃ paralokaṃ gamissaṃ, yajassu yaññaṃ ada maṃ porisāda.
以不后悔心献供养,奉献于将入彼世者;如是供养不至令我失望。
§441
441.
四百四十一。
‘‘Dinnaṃ me dānaṃ bahudhā bahūnaṃ, santappitā samaṇabrāhmaṇā ca;
『我多方广施布施,高僧婆罗门众皆欢喜;
Visodhito paralokassa maggo, dhamme ṭhito ko maraṇassa bhāye.
清净通达彼岸道路,坚立法中胜于生死忧惧。』
§442
442.
四百四十二。
‘‘Dinnaṃ me dānaṃ bahudhā bahūnaṃ, santappitā samaṇabrāhmaṇā ca;
『我多方广施布施,高僧婆罗门众皆欢喜;
Anānutappaṃ paralokaṃ gamissaṃ, yajassu yaññaṃ ada maṃ porisādā’’ti.
“将不生悔过地往生他方世界,若有人为我而作祭祀,我则给予回向。”
Tattha kalyāṇāti kalyāṇakammā. Anekarūpāti dānādivasena anekavidhā. Yaññāti dasavidhadānavatthupariccāgavasena ativipulā paṇḍitehi pasatthā yaññāpi yiṭṭhā pavattitā. Dhamme ṭhitoti evaṃ dhamme patiṭṭhito mādiso ko nāma maraṇassa bhāyeyya. Anānutappanti anānutappamāno. Dhammena me issariyaṃ pasatthanti dasavidhaṃ rājadhammaṃ akopetvā dhammeneva mayā rajjaṃ pasāsitaṃ. Kārāti ñātīsu ñātikiccāni, mittesu ca mittakiccāni. Dānanti savatthukacetanā. Bahudhāti bahūhi ākārehi. Bahūnanti na pañcannaṃ, na dasannaṃ, satassapi sahassassapi satasahassassapi dinnameva. Santappitāti gahitagahitabhājanāni pūretvā suṭṭhu tappitā.
其中“吉祥者”是指吉祥功德行为。所谓“多种形态”乃以施舍等多样形式表现。“祭祀”是指以十种布施场所放弃而得极广大智慧受用的圣人们亲近的盛大祭祀亦已展开。立于法中即是以此法安立,若无此法谁复畏惧死亡呢?“不生悔过”是指心不生悔恨。世尊云:“我以法为主宰,统治十种王法,未曾动怒,唯以法治国。”“作业”指对亲族所为的亲族功德行为,对朋友所为的朋友功德行为。“布施”是指善意目的施予。“广大”指多种形态,不是仅五种、十种,甚至百万、千万、亿万种都包括。“受悔恨”是指心堵塞闭塞,贪着恶食而深感痛苦的人。
Taṃ sutvā porisādo ‘‘ayaṃ sutasomamahārājā sappuriso ñāṇasampanno madhuradhammakathiko, sacāhaṃ etaṃ khādeyyaṃ, muddhā me sattadhā phaleyya, pathavī vā pana me vivaraṃ dadeyyā’’ti bhītatasito hutvā, ‘‘samma, na tvaṃ mayā khāditabbarūpo’’ti vatvā gāthamāha –
闻此回向,王意悦服即曰:“此乃贤明大王苏陀颂,乃善人、具智慧、妙法说者,实欲共食此物,愿赐我七果之福,或赐我一块净地。”于是恐惧退散,答曰:“诚然,你非我所食之物。”语毕即作頌曰:
§443
443.
‘‘Visaṃ pajānaṃ puriso adeyya, āsīvisaṃ jalitamuggatejaṃ;
“知毒害者无人取,未钝之铁遇猛火;
Muddhāpi tassa viphaleyya sattadhā, yo tādisaṃ saccavādiṃ adeyyā’’ti.
虽未成熟依然失果,恶语之人不可接。”
Tattha visanti tattheva māraṇasamatthaṃ halāhalavisaṃ. Jalitanti attano visatejena jalitaṃ teneva uggatejaṃ aggikkhandhaṃ viya carantaṃ āsīvisaṃ vā pana so gīvāya gaṇheyya.
在那里,沉浸其中的是与死亡相当的剧毒猛毒。以他自己强烈的热力点燃着,被火焰焚烧着,如同行走于炽盛火堆中的炭薪,或如同以剑刃割喉一般,这人应该用舌头去品尝那毒物。
Iti so mahāsattaṃ ‘‘halāhalavisasadiso tvaṃ, ko taṃ khādissatī’’ti vatvā gāthā sotukāmo taṃ yācitvā tena dhammagāravajananatthaṃ ‘‘evarūpānaṃ anavajjagāthānaṃ tvaṃ abhājana’’nti paṭikkhittopi ‘‘sakalajambudīpe iminā sadiso paṇḍito natthi, ayaṃ mama hatthā muccitvā gantvā tā gāthā sutvā dhammakathikassa sakkāraṃ katvā nalāṭena maccuṃ ādāya punāgato, ativiya sādhurūpā gāthā bhavissantī’’ti suṭṭhutaraṃ sañjātadhammassavanādaro hutvā taṃ yācanto gāthamāha –
于是他对那位大丈夫说:“你如同猛毒般剧烈,究竟是谁会去吃它呢?”他说完这句令人听闻想要吟诵的偈颂后,请求他为了尊敬佛法而发表教义:“你不要朗诵这类不纯洁的偈颂。”即使遭到拒绝,他仍说:“在整个大陆上,找不到与此相类的智者。他曾放走我的象,听闻那偈颂后,尊重讲法者,并戴上头盔回来了。他必将极为殊胜美妙的偈颂出世。”于是,他恭敬听闻教法却不被尊重的无礼,向他请求偈颂朗诵,诵说:
§444
444.
第四四四。
‘‘Sutvā dhammaṃ vijānanti, narā kalyāṇapāpakaṃ;
听闻法而了知,众生行善恶果;
Api gāthā suṇitvāna, dhamme me ramate mano’’ti.
即使听闻偈颂,我心亦欢喜于法。
Tassattho – ‘‘samma sutasoma, narā nāma dhammaṃ sutvā kalyāṇampi pāpakampi jānanti, appeva nāma tā gāthā sutvā mamapi kusalakammapathadhamme mano rameyyā’’ti.
缘由是——“正是如所说,听闻佛法,众生知晓善恶。即使是这偈颂,听了以后,我心亦欢喜于善业道。”
Atha mahāsatto ‘‘sotukāmo dāni porisādo, kathessāmī’’ti cintetvā ‘‘tena hi, samma, sādhukaṃ suṇāhī’’ti taṃ ohitasotaṃ katvā nandabrāhmaṇena kathitaniyāmeneva gāthānaṃ thutiṃ katvā chasu kāmāvacaradevesu ekakolāhalaṃ katvā devatāsu sādhukāraṃ dadamānāsu porisādassa dhammaṃ kathesi –
于是大臣心想:“现在正好有听闻欲,愿意陛下听我讲说。”于是便专心听讲,满足于此善法闻思,随即称赞那被曼陀婆罗门以规律之诗歌赞叹着的说教,且一次次斥退六欲束缚的贪欲烦恼,在诸天中造成一片喧嚣,赐与天众善行中之美事,便向大臣宣讲佛法。
§445
445.
‘‘Sakideva mahārāja, sabbhi hoti samāgamo;
“确实如此,大王啊,大家聚集之时称为会合;
Sā naṃ saṅgati pāleti, nāsabbhi bahu saṅgamo.
这个会合不受污秽,而非许多杂乱的聚会。
§446
446.
‘‘Sabbhireva samāsetha, sabbhi kubbetha santhavaṃ;
“诸人正当集合,彼此应当和睦相处,皆为会合而相助;
Sataṃ sandhammamaññāya, seyyo hoti na pāpiyo.
通达百法,胜于非善。
§447
447.
‘‘Jīranti ve rājarathā sucittā, atho sarīrampi jaraṃ upeti;
王车虽老,心却清明;身体终将衰败老去;
Satañca dhammo na jaraṃ upeti, santo have sabbhi pavedayanti.
但正法不生衰败,圣人俱能遍现于世。
§448
448.
‘‘Nabhañca dūre pathavī ca dūre, pāraṃ samuddassa tadāhu dūre;
天在远方,大地亦远,彼岸海洋亦远离。
Tato have dūrataraṃ vadanti, satañca dhammo asatañca rājā’’ti.
随后他们说得更远,且说法是真实的,非真实的是君王。
Tassa tena sukathitattā ceva attano paṇḍitabhāvena ca tā gāthā sabbaññubuddhakathitā viyāti cintentassa sakalasarīraṃ pañcavaṇṇāya pītiyā paripūri, bodhisatte muducittaṃ ahosi, setacchattadāyakaṃ pitaraṃ viya naṃ amaññi. So ‘‘ahaṃ sutasomassa dātabbaṃ kiñci hiraññasuvaṇṇaṃ na passāmi, ekekāya panassa gāthāya ekekaṃ varaṃ dassāmī’’ti cintetvā gāthamāha –
由于这善巧称扬以及自身的智慧,所有诸佛皆所称述的这几句偈子,于思维者遍满全身五种颜色般的喜悦,菩萨内心柔和,宛如明白遮盖者父亲那样不舍弃他。他心想『我虽是苏陀娑穆,所能给予的并无黄金银珠,但我愿以各人之偈,每人示以一善品』,于是思惟着说偈——
§449
449.
‘‘Gāthā imā atthavatī subyañjanā, subhāsitā tuyha janinda sutvā;
『此偈意深味美,言辞美妙,望尔等世人听闻;
Ānandi vitto sumano patīto, cattāri te samma vare dadāmī’’ti.
安慰欢喜与祥和,今授与你四殊佳品。』
Tattha ānandīti ānandajāto. Sesāni tasseva vevacanāni. Cattāropi hete tuṭṭhākārā eva.
此谓安慰之意。其余言语即为该偈。为此事四者皆心满意足。
Atha naṃ mahāsatto ‘‘kiṃ nāma tvaṃ varaṃ dassasī’’ti apasādento gāthamāha –
于是,那位伟大的圣者不悦地说:「你这究竟称为何等高贵?」
§450
450.
第四百五十偈
‘‘Yo nattano maraṇaṃ bujjhasi tuvaṃ, hitāhitaṃ vinipātañca saggaṃ;
「你明知死亡为真实,了见利益不利及堕落与天界;
Giddho rase duccarite niviṭṭho, kiṃ tvaṃ varaṃ dassasi pāpadhamma.
如同疥癞恶病附身,沉沦恶道,你乃何以自称为高贵,而行恶法?」
§451
451.
第四百五十一偈
‘‘Ahañca taṃ ‘dehi vara’nti vajjaṃ, tvaṃ cāpi datvā na avākareyya;
「我劝告你应当赐予善法庄严,你若给予也不应拒绝;
Sandiṭṭhikaṃ kalahamimaṃ vivādaṃ, ko paṇḍito jānamupabbajeyyā’’ti.
当面所见之争论,为何称为学者应当出家呢?
Tattha yoti yo tvaṃ ‘‘maraṇadhammohamasmī’’ti attanopi maraṇaṃ na bujjhasi na jānāsi, pāpakammameva karosi. Hitāhitanti ‘‘idaṃ me kammaṃ hitaṃ, idaṃ ahitaṃ, idaṃ vinipātaṃ nessati, idaṃ sagga’’nti na jānāsi. Raseti manussamaṃsarase. Vajjanti vadeyyaṃ. Na avākareyyāti vācāya datvā ‘‘dehi me vara’’nti vuccamāno na avākareyyāsi na dadeyyāsi. Upabbajeyyāti ko imaṃ kalahaṃ paṇḍito upagaccheyya.
这里所谓的‘我今身是死后之身’者,汝自己尚未觉知、未明了死亡,乃作恶业。所谓利益与不利益者,汝不知‘此行业是利益,彼行业是不利益,彼将堕落灭尽,彼得天上’。如人沉沦于轮回中。辩论者将生争执对话。言语不可轻易许诺,若说‘予汝庄严’,而未能如言,则不可轻许,亦不可给予。‘出家’者,谁能以智者前往治疗此纷争?
Tato porisādo ‘‘nāyaṃ mayhaṃ saddahati, saddahāpessāmi na’’nti gāthamāha –
此时主事者曰:‘此人不信我,我亦不欲令其信’并作偈言-
§452
452.
‘‘Na taṃ varaṃ arahati jantu dātuṃ, yaṃ vāpi datvā na avākareyya;
‘非有善人愿将珍宝赠与此人,且彼即使赠与亦不珍惜;
Varassu samma avikampamāno, pāṇaṃ cajitvānapi dassamevā’’ti.
愿庄严得以坚定无动,虽舍弃手中宝物亦如见宝’。
Tattha avikampamānoti anolīyamāno.
这里所说的「不动摇」者,是指未受动摇之法的,不受摇动者。
Atha mahāsatto ‘‘ayaṃ ativiya sūro hutvā katheti, karissati me vacanaṃ, varaṃ gaṇhissāmi, sace pana ‘‘manussamaṃsaṃ na khāditabba’nti paṭhamameva varaṃ vārayissaṃ, ativiya kilamissati, paṭhamaṃ aññe tayo vare gahetvā pacchā etaṃ gaṇhissāmī’’ti cintetvā āha –
然后这位伟大者心想:『他非常勇猛,会说话,肯定会替我说话,愿意帮我争取最好的条件,但如果他一开始就说“人肉不可食用”,我反而会被阻止,极其可能会失败。让我先取其他三种条件中的一个,然后再来争取这个条件。』想到这里,他便说道——
§453
453.
‘‘Ariyassa ariyena sameti sakhyaṃ, paññassa paññāṇavatā sameti;
『圣者与圣者相谊,同智慧者与智慧者结交;
Passeyya taṃ vassasataṃ arogaṃ, etaṃ varānaṃ paṭhamaṃ varāmī’’ti.
愿我能看到他百岁长寿无病,这是我头一等所愿得的福德。』
Tattha ariyassāti ācāraariyassa. Sakhyanti sakhidhammo mittadhammo. Paññāṇavatāti ñāṇasampannena. Sametīti gaṅgodakaṃ viya yamunodakena saṃsandati. Dhātuso hi sattā saṃsandanti. Passeyya tanti sutasomo porisādassa ciraṃ jīvitaṃ icchanto viya paṭhamaṃ attano jīvitavaraṃ yācati. Paṇḍitassa hi ‘‘mama jīvitaṃ dehī’’ti vattuṃ ayuttaṃ, apica so ‘mayhameva esa ārogyaṃ icchatī’ti cintetvā tussissatīti evamāha.
这里所说的“圣者”,是指行为圣洁之士。“相谊”是指友情、契友、朋友的关系。“智慧者”是指具足智慧的人。“相”是指水流汇合之意,如同江河湖海水流汇聚。众生间确实存在这种汇合关系。『愿得见』者,好比渴望长寿的尊贵世人,因渴望长寿而祈求第一的生命福德。智者因说“我护持我的生命”为己任,又思惟“唯愿得此健康”,心中因此安乐,是故有所称说。
Sopi taṃ sutvāva ‘‘ayaṃ issariyā dhaṃsetvā idāni maṃsaṃ khāditukāmassa evaṃ mahāanatthakarassa mahācorassa mayhameva jīvitaṃ icchati, aho mama hitakāmo’’ti tuṭṭhamānaso vañcetvā varassa gahitabhāvaṃ ajānitvā taṃ varaṃ dadamāno gāthamāha –
彼亦闻此,心生欢喜,念言:『此人欲食肉,杀害众生,如斯大害大盗,竟想以我为命根,啊,我欲为其利益也。』于是欢喜善乐,不知持戒之意,行诈而施与此戒,歌曰:
§454
454.
‘‘Ariyassa ariyena sameti sakhyaṃ, paññassa paññāṇavatā sameti;
『圣者与圣者相会,是智者之间的知己;
Passāsi maṃ vassasataṃ arogaṃ, etaṃ varānaṃ paṭhamaṃ dadāmī’’ti.
你已见我寿命百年且无病苦,此为四戒之第一戒,吾愿以此与汝。』
Tattha varānanti catunnaṃ varānaṃ paṭhamaṃ.
此中所谓四戒,指四种戒律中的第一戒。
Tato bodhisatto āha –
尔时,菩萨言:
§455
455.
第四百五十五条。
‘‘Ye khattiyāse idha bhūmipālā, muddhābhisittā katanāmadheyyā;
『有诸阇提族人于此施护土地者,头上涂抹膏油,以土地为祭。』
Na tādise bhūmipatī adesi, etaṃ varānaṃ dutiyaṃ varāmī’’ti.
『非如彼等阇提族不以土地为主,此即诸优婆塞第二优婆塞。』
Tattha katanāmadheyyāti muddhani abhisittattāva ‘‘muddhābhisittā’’ti katanāmadheyyā. Na tādiseti tādise khattiye na adesi mā khādi.
释义:所谓“头上涂抹膏油”者,谓以涂抹膏油祭土地之义。所谓“不如彼等”,谓彼等阇提族不以土地为主要祭祀对象。
Iti so dutiyaṃ varaṃ gaṇhanto parosatānaṃ khattiyānaṃ jīvitavaraṃ gaṇhi. Porisādopissa dadamāno āha –
如是,于此第二优婆塞中,取他族阇提之生命为优胜。论者以国王赐予此律法者,语曰-
§456
456.
第四百五十六条。
‘‘Ye khattiyāse idha bhūmipālā, muddhābhisittā katanāmadheyyā;
‘‘这些贵族,是此处的土地守护者,蒙受厚爱,被授予国土权柄;
Na tādise bhūmipatī ademi, etaṃ varānaṃ dutiyaṃ dadāmī’’ti.
我并不愿轻易授予他们土地主宰的权利,因此我给予众贵族第二种更佳的权利。”
Kiṃ pana te tesaṃ saddaṃ suṇanti, na suṇantīti? Na sabbaṃ suṇanti. Porisādena hi rukkhassa dhūmajālaupaddavabhayena paṭikkamitvā aggi kato, aggino ca rukkhassa ca antare nisīditvā mahāsatto tena saddhiṃ kathesi, tasmā sabbaṃ asutvā upaḍḍhupaḍḍhaṃ suṇiṃsu. Te ‘‘idāni sutasomo porisādaṃ damessati, mā bhāyathā’’ti aññamaññaṃ samassāsesuṃ. Tasmiṃ khaṇe mahāsatto imaṃ gāthamāha –
然而,他们是否听到了这些话?并非尽皆听闻。那时,一位大王因树木被人用烟火烧毁,担忧其损害,就避开了尘烟缭绕之处,坐在树与火之间,与火神交谈。因此大家都认真地听着。众人说道:“现在火神将管制那位王子,且无须恐惧。”于是彼此间纷纷低声交流。当时这位大王吟诵此偈曰—
§457
457.
‘‘Parosataṃ khattiyā te gahītā, talāvutā assumukhā rudantā;
‘‘彼方的贵族被镇压,四十人哀号哭泣,
Sake te raṭṭhe paṭipādayāhi, etaṃ varānaṃ tatiyaṃ varāmī’’ti.
你应当引导他们治理国土,因而我授予这些贵族第三重殊胜的权利。”
Tattha parosatanti atirekasataṃ. Te gahītāti tayā gahitā. Talāvutāti hatthatalesu āvutā.
其中文意为:有超过一百多件被捕获的东西。『其被捕获者』是指『由她所捕获的东西』。『创造』指在七十手掌之处所创造的。
Iti mahāsatto tatiyaṃ varaṃ gaṇhanto tesaṃ khattiyānaṃ sakaraṭṭhaniyyātanavaraṃ gaṇhi. Kiṃkāraṇā? So akhādantopi verabhayena sabbe te dāse katvā araññeyeva vāseyya, māretvā vā chaḍḍeyya, paccantaṃ netvā vā vikkiṇeyya, tasmā tesaṃ sakaraṭṭhaniyyātanavaraṃ gaṇhi. Itaropissa dadamāno imaṃ gāthamāha –
如此,大英雄在选择第三佳时,接受了这些属于士族的可保护之地。为何如此?即使他不吃食物,因畏惧敌人,他也把那些奴隶都安置在森林中生活,杀死后舍弃,或引离后卖掉。因而,他接受了这些可保护之地。别人给他这个时,便以此诗句说:
§458
458.
‘‘Parosataṃ khattiyā me gahītā, talāvutā assumukhā rudantā;
『士族的被捕获者已由我接纳,那七十被创造之地哭泣着面对火头;我将在国家为你们治理,我赐予第三佳之地。』
Sake te raṭṭhe paṭipādayāmi, etaṃ varānaṃ tatiyaṃ dadāmī’’ti.
『我将在你自己的国土中为你设立(此法),这是我给予你的第三个愿。』
Catutthaṃ pana varaṃ gaṇhanto bodhisatto imaṃ gāthamāha –
其四佳时,觉者诵此诗句说——
§459
459.
‘‘Chiddaṃ te raṭṭhaṃ byathitā bhayā hi, puthū narā leṇamanuppaviṭṭhā;
『你的国土已四分五裂,忧惧不安,众多百姓四散逃匿;』
Manussamaṃsaṃ viramehi rāja, etaṃ varānaṃ catutthaṃ varāmī’’ti.
『国王啊,请弃绝人肉,这乃是诸种最恶之第四种戒行。』
Tattha chiddanti na ghanavāsaṃ tattha tattha gāmādīnaṃ uṭṭhitattā savivaraṃ. Byathitā bhayāhīti ‘‘porisādo idāni āgamissatī’’ti tava bhayena kampitā. Leṇamanuppaviṭṭhāti dārake hatthesu gahetvā tiṇagahanādinilīyanaṭṭhānaṃ paviṭṭhā. Manussamaṃsanti duggandhaṃ jegucchaṃ paṭikkūlaṃ manussamaṃsaṃ pajaha. Nissakkatthe vā upayogaṃ, manussamaṃsato viramāhīti attho.
此处『四分』指国家不再完全集中,而是地方村落等各自独立;『忧惧』乃指你因惧怕他敌将至而心生恐惧;『四散逃匿』是指孩童被大人双手持抱进入储粮仓等密闭所在。人肉乃指恶臭腐烂、禁食且逆人道的 人肉食用;释义是弃绝使用人肉之食。
Evaṃ vutte porisādo pāṇiṃ paharitvā hasanto ‘‘samma sutasoma kiṃ nāmetaṃ kathesi, kathāhaṃ tumhākaṃ etaṃ varaṃ dassāmi, sace gaṇhitukāmo, aññaṃ gaṇhāhī’’ti vatvā gāthamāha –
如此所言,敌将打手举拳而笑,说:『诚如苏多摩所言,尔等所说诸戒义甚妙,如若你欲执此戒,我必执他戒』,说毕吟诵偈语曰:
§460
460.
‘‘Addhā hi so bhakkho mama manāpo, etassa hetumhi vanaṃ paviṭṭho;
“确实那个比库因自己的欢喜缘故,由此缘由进入森林;
Sohaṃ kathaṃ etto upārameyyaṃ, aññaṃ varānaṃ catutthaṃ varassū’’ti.
我如何能在此止息,而不去他往彼方四个选择中的任一较优者?”
Tattha vananti rajjaṃ pahāya imaṃ vanaṃ paviṭṭho.
于此,所谓森林者,舍弃国土而进入此森林者也。
Atha naṃ mahāsatto ‘‘tvaṃ ‘manussamaṃsassa piyatarattā tato viramituṃ na sakkomī’’ti vadasi. Yo hi piyaṃ nissāya pāpaṃ karoti, ayaṃ bālo’’ti vatvā gāthamāha –
随后那位大勇士言:“你说‘对人肉尤为喜爱,故而不能断舍’,实则作恶而依赖爱者,是愚者。”说完这话,就以偈颂说—
§461
461.
‘‘Na ve ‘piyaṃ me’ti janinda tādiso, attaṃ niraṃkacca piyāni sevati;
“绝非‘我爱’之类的愚民,妄赖自己无所依归,乐事所爱;
Attāva seyyo paramā ca seyyo, labbhā piyā ocitatthena pacchā’’ti.
『自我』者,胜于他,最高者也,获得者为所爱,依正义而得之后。
Tattha tādisoti janinda tādiso yuvā abhirūpo mahāyaso ‘‘idaṃ nāma me piya’’nti piyavatthulobhena tattha attānaṃ niraṃkatvā sabbasugatīhi ceva sukhavisesehi ca cavitvā niraye pātetvā na ve piyāni sevati. Paramā ca seyyoti purisassa hi paramā piyavatthumhā attāva varataro. Kiṃkāraṇā? Labbhā piyāti, piyā nāma visayavasena ceva puññena ca ocitatthena vaḍḍhitatthena diṭṭhadhamme ceva parattha ca devamanussasampattiṃ patvā sakkā laddhuṃ.
这里所谓『如是者』,指人子如是者,指年轻俊美、名声显赫者,谓『这是我所爱』,是因爱欲盛重而心存此念。因着热爱自我而沉溺其中,背离一切善趣及安乐的特胜境界,堕入恶道,且不善待所爱之物。所谓最高者乃谓人类因爱自己为最高而受敬重者。缘何?所谓『获得所爱』,是谓所爱之物,由于其果报之相、功德之增长、现见之因,乃至人天福报皆可得因而获得。
Evaṃ vutte porisādo bhayappatto hutvā ‘‘ahaṃ sutasomena gahitaṃ varaṃ vissajjāpetumpi manussamaṃsato viramitumpi na sakkomi, kiṃ nu kho karissāmī’’ti assupuṇṇehi nettehi gāthamāha –
如此一说,人心已安定,虽有恐惧,仍言『我无法放弃此以音乐之美闻名的优秀肉食,亦不能戒杀人肉,若如此,当做何处置?』。已罪满者在众人面前以此问。
§462
462.
‘‘Piyaṃ me mānusaṃ maṃsaṃ, sutasoma vijānahi;
『我所爱的人间肉食,如音乐般悦耳,请悉知之;
Namhi sakkā nivāretuṃ, aññaṃ varaṃ samma varassū’’ti.
何处能够阻止我,如他人般舍弃真正的美味?』
Tattha vijānahīti tvampi jānāhi.
其中,『你当了知』者,你也应当知晓也。
Tato bodhisatto āha –
于是菩萨说——
§463
463.
‘‘Yo ve ‘piyaṃ me’ti piyānurakkhī, attaṃ niraṃkacca piyāni sevati;
‘若有人心念「我所爱」,护卫所爱者,彻底照顾自身所爱,
Soṇḍova pitvā visamissapānaṃ, teneva so hoti dukkhī parattha.
犹如饮用苦涩恶水,他必然在他方受苦。
§464
464.
‘‘Yo cīdha saṅkhāya piyāni hitvā, kicchenapi sevati ariyadhamme;
『若于此时舍弃爱好之物,专心奉行圣法;','1951':'如同恰当饮用苦水,彼于他处必得安乐』。
Dukkhitova pitvāna yathosadhāni, teneva so hoti sukhī paratthā’’ti.
『虽因饮服药物而受苦,然彼因此而得安乐于来世。』
Tattha yo veti, samma porisāda, yo puriso ‘‘idaṃ me piya’’nti pāpakiriyāya attānaṃ niraṃkatvā piyāni vatthūni sevati, so surāpemena visamissaṃ suraṃ pitvā soṇḍo viya tena pāpakammena parattha nirayādīsu dukkhī hoti. Saṅkhāyāti jānitvā tuletvā. Piyāni hitvāti adhammapaṭisaṃyuttāni piyāni chaḍḍetvā.
此中之意为,正人以正念坚固,若有人以恶行断绝己身之所爱,舍弃爱好之物而自处,彼如饮入苦酒,故恶业感果,往生诸苦狱土而受苦。『断绝』者,知悉后除灭之;『舍弃爱好』者,舍离与不善相应之爱好。
Evaṃ vutte porisādo kalūnaṃ paridevanto gāthamāha –
如是所说,正人哀叹恶人,作如斯偈言——
§465
465.
‘‘Ohāyahaṃ pitaraṃ mātarañca, manāpiye kāmaguṇe ca pañca;
『我舍弃父母与母亲,亦舍弃心爱之五欲。'}
Etassa hetumhi vanaṃ paviṭṭho, taṃ te varaṃ kinti mahaṃ dadāmī’’ti.
由于此因,身入林中,尔时言:『我将以甚妙优异品授与汝』。
Tattha etassāti manussamaṃsassa. Kinti mahanti kinti katvā ahaṃ taṃ varaṃ demi.
其中,『此』者,人肉也。『作何大事』者,我作何(大事)而给予你此愿也。
Tato mahāsatto imaṃ gāthamāha –
于是大力者作是偈言——
§466
466.
‘‘Na paṇḍitā diguṇamāhu vākyaṃ, saccappaṭiññāva bhavanti santo;
愚者不会讲两倍之言,知许实语者为安乐圣人;
‘Varassu samma’ iti maṃ avoca, iccabravī tvaṃ na hi te sametī’’ti.
『当授优异物』如是告我,亦复谆谆告诫:『你不可相合其语』。
Tattha diguṇanti, samma porisāda, paṇḍitā nāma ekaṃ vatvā puna taṃ visaṃvādentā dutiyaṃ vacanaṃ na kathenti. Iti maṃ avocāti, ‘‘samma sutasoma varassu vara’’nti evaṃ maṃ abhāsasi. Iccabravīti tasmā yaṃ tvaṃ iti abravi, taṃ te idāni na sameti.
其中,diguṇanti 指的是两倍者,即正当且善利;samma porisāda 方谓正智之人;paṇḍitā 名为聪慧智者,一说即一人说完后,再相互商议,便不再说第二句话。如此对我说:“願你听闻正法,获得吉祥莫失”,如此对我陈说。因是如此,因此你说“如此”的那一说,现在并不能成就于你。
So puna rodanto eva gāthamāha –
于是他又悲泣着吟诵道——
§467
467.
‘‘Apuññalābhaṃ ayasaṃ akittiṃ, pāpaṃ bahuṃ duccaritaṃ kilesaṃ;
“无福得铁,失显赫名声,恶多且重,罪业污秽;
Manussamaṃsassa kate upāgā, taṃ te varaṃ kinti mahaṃ dadeyya’’nti.
加诸人肉之上悖行,此为你之良命,为我当给予者。”
Tattha pāpanti kammapathaṃ appattaṃ. Duccaritanti kammapathappattaṃ. Kilesanti dukkhaṃ. Manussamaṃsassa kateti manussamaṃsassa hetu. Upāgāti upagatomhi. Taṃ teti taṃ tuyhaṃ kathāhaṃ varaṃ demi, mā maṃ vārayi, anukampaṃ kāruññaṃ mayi karohi, aññaṃ varaṃ gaṇhāhīti āha.
其中,『恶』者,未达业道也;『恶行』者,已达业道也;『烦恼』者,苦也;『为人肉之故』者,以人肉为因也;『我已趋近』者,我已趋近也。『那你的话,我给予你愿』——莫阻止我,对我施以悲悯与慈怜,另取一愿吧——如是说也。
Atha mahāsatto āha –
于是大智者说:
§468
468.
四百六十八。
‘‘Na taṃ varaṃ arahati jantu dātuṃ, yaṃ vāpi datvā na avākareyya;
『不应向阿拉汉施舍那种受者,即便施舍了,也不应有贪心;
Varassu samma avikampamāno, pāṇaṃ cajitvānapi dassamevā’’ti.
当应如实无动摇地给予,即使放弃性命,也当示现无吝惜。』
Evaṃ tena paṭhamaṃ vuttagāthaṃ āharitvā dassetvā varadāne ussāhento gāthā āha –
他就以此引出第一偈,展示并激励布施,称赞慷慨给予的精神说:
§469
469.
四百六十九。
‘‘Pāṇaṃ cajanti santo nāpi dhammaṃ, saccappaṭiññāva bhavanti santo;
「圣者舍弃财物,却不舍弃法;他们具足真实不退转的信解。」
Datvā varaṃ khippamavākarohi, etena sampajja surājaseṭṭha.
「给予美好之物时,当迅速现前,借此以正当的言行成为善王中最尊胜者。」
§470
470.
‘‘Caje dhanaṃ aṅgavarassa hetu, aṅgaṃ caje jīvitaṃ rakkhamāno;
「舍弃财物乃是身躯衰老之因,却舍弃身体乃是护持生命;
Aṅgaṃ dhanaṃ jīvitañcāpi sabbaṃ, caje naro dhammamanussaranto’’ti.
身躯、财物及生命全都放弃之者,是遵行法义之人。」
Tattha pāṇanti jīvitaṃ. Santo nāma api jīvitaṃ cajanti, na dhammaṃ. Khippamavākarohīti idha khippaṃ mayhaṃ dehīti attho. Etenāti etena dhammena ceva saccena ca sampajja sampanno upapanno hohi. Surājaseṭṭhāti taṃ paggaṇhanto ālapati. Caje dhananti, samma porisāda, paṇḍito puriso hatthapādādimhi aṅge chijjamāne tassa rakkhaṇatthāya bahumpi dhanaṃ cajeyya. Dhammamanussarantoti aṅgadhanajīvitāni pariccajantopi ‘‘sataṃ dhammaṃ na vītikkamissāmī’’ti evaṃ dhammaṃ anussaranto.
此处“财物”指生命。所谓舍弃生命,是指圣者舍弃身躯,却不舍弃法义。速速现前此语意即吾今速而言也。『借此』者,指此法及真实之事,愿由此获得具足完整的成就。如是称为善王中最尊胜,言语采纳后加以称赞。舍弃财物是明智者之正确观点,明智之人视手足诸肢体为部分,当其衰坏之时,为护持生命当舍弃许多财物。守持法义者,即使放弃诸肢体、财物与生命,亦念言『百法我不违背』,如是遵循法义。
Evaṃ mahāsatto imehi kāraṇehi taṃ sacce patiṭṭhāpetvā idāni attano gurubhāvaṃ dassetuṃ gāthamāha –
由此这位伟大圣者,于这些因缘上确立了真理,现今为了展现自身作为师长的身份而说此偈曰:
§471
471.
第四百七十一偈。
‘‘Yasmā hi dhammaṃ puriso vijaññā, ye cassa kaṅkhaṃ vinayanti santo;
『因为人能够了解法,能够断除疑惑的人;
Taṃ hissa dīpañca parāyaṇañca, na tena mittiṃ jirayetha pañño’’ti.
其智慧就是他的明灯和归依,他不会因它而灭亡。』
Tattha yasmāti yamhā purisā. Dhammanti kusalākusalajotakaṃ kāraṇaṃ. Vijaññāti vijāneyya. Taṃ hissāti taṃ ācariyakulaṃ etassa puggalassa patiṭṭhānaṭṭhena dīpaṃ, uppanne bhaye gantabbaṭṭhānaṭṭhena parāyaṇañca. Na tena mittinti tena ācariyapuggalena saha so paṇḍito kenacipi kāraṇena mittiṃ na jīrayetha na vināseyya.
这里“因为”谓何?“人”者,指的是为善不善之因的凡夫。“了解法”者,即当知解。“他的”指的是其师承世家,此人赖此立足于师法之地,是他生起恐惧之所、归依之所。此智者与其师者为伴,由师伴随无论何因则不死、不灭此智。“不会灭亡”意即此智不会因任何缘故而失灭。
Evañca pana vatvā, ‘‘samma porisāda, guṇavantassa ācariyassa vacanaṃ nāma bhindituṃ na vaṭṭati, ahañca taruṇakālepi tava piṭṭhiācariyo hutvā bahuṃ sikkhaṃ sikkhāpesiṃ, idānipi buddhalīlāya satārahā gāthā te kathesiṃ, tena me vacanaṃ kātuṃ arahasī’’ti āha. Taṃ sutvā porisādo ‘‘ayaṃ sutasomo mayhaṃ ācariyo ceva paṇḍito ca, varo cassa mayā dinno, kiṃ sakkā kātuṃ, ekasmiṃ attabhāve maraṇaṃ nāma dhuvaṃ, manussamaṃsaṃ na khādissāmi, dassāmissa vara’’nti assudhārāhi pavattamānāhi uṭṭhāya sutasomanarindassa pādesu patitvā varaṃ dadamāno imaṃ gāthamāha –
又说:“正人啊,贤良师者之言语不可违背,我在年少时便为你师事,学习甚多,如今仍为佛之戏说而歌颂偈语,诚如是语为我所当作。”听此正人言,苏陀索摩(sutasomo)起身,跪于正人之足边,予以赞许,复作偈曰:
§472
472.
‘‘Addhā hi so bhakkho mama manāpo, etassa hetumhi vanaṃ paviṭṭho;
“实则,那位比库因我心欢喜,因这个缘故进入森林;
Sace ca maṃ yācasi etamatthaṃ, etampi te samma varaṃ dadāmī’’ti.
若你恳求我此事,我也必将这正法的殊胜给予你。”
Atha naṃ mahāsatto evamāha – ‘‘samma, sīle ṭhitassa maraṇampi varaṃ, gaṇhāmi, mahārāja, tayā dinnaṃ varaṃ, ajja paṭṭhāya ariyapathe patiṭṭhitosi, evaṃ santepi taṃ yācāmi, sace te mayi sineho atthi, pañca sīlāni gaṇha, mahārājā’’ti. ‘‘Sādhu, samma, dehi me sīlānī’’ti. ‘‘Gaṇha mahārājā’’ti. So mahāsattaṃ pañcapatiṭṭhitena vanditvā ekamantaṃ nisīdi. Mahāsattopi naṃ pañcasīlesu patiṭṭhāpesi. Tasmiṃ khaṇe tattha sannipatitā bhummā devā mahāsatte pītiṃ janetvā ‘‘avīcito yāva bhavaggā añño porisādaṃ manussamaṃsato nivāretuṃ samattho nāma natthi, aho sutasomena dukkarataraṃ kata’’nti mahantena saddena vanaṃ unnādentā sādhukāraṃ adaṃsu. Tesaṃ saddaṃ sutvā cātumahārājikāti evaṃ yāva brahmalokā ekakolāhalaṃ ahosi. Rukkhe laggitarājānopi taṃ devatānaṃ sādhukārasaddaṃ suṇiṃsu. Rukkhadevatāpi sakavimāne ṭhitāva sādhukāramadāsi. Iti devatānaṃ saddova sūyati, rūpaṃ na dissati. Devatānaṃ sādhukārasaddaṃ sutvā rājāno cintayiṃsu – ‘‘sutasomaṃ nissāya no jīvitaṃ laddhaṃ, dukkaraṃ kataṃ sutasomena porisādaṃ damentenā’’ti bodhisattassa thutiṃ kariṃsu. Porisādo mahāsattassa pāde vanditvā ekamantaṃ aṭṭhāsi. Atha naṃ bodhisatto – ‘‘samma, khattiye mocehī’’ti āha. So cintesi ‘‘ahaṃ etesaṃ paccāmitto, ete mayā mocitā ‘gaṇhatha no paccāmitta’nti maṃ hiṃseyyuṃ, mayā jīvitaṃ cajantenapi na sakkā sutasomassa santikā gahitaṃ sīlaṃ bhindituṃ, iminā saddhiyeva gantvā mocessāmi, evaṃ me bhayaṃ na bhavissatī’’ti. Atha bodhisattaṃ vanditvā, ‘‘sutasoma, ubhopi gantvā khattiye mocessāmā’’ti vatvā gāthamāha –
于是那位大德如此说:“确也,世尊,持戒者的安乐至于死亡亦为殊胜,陛下,我受您所赐殊胜;今日你已经立稳贵圣道上,我仍请求您,若陛下对我有爱,请受持这五戒。”世尊答言:“善哉,善哉,将五戒授我。”说完陛下接受了五戒。那大德拜敬世尊五戒坚定后,安坐一侧。大德也令世尊具足五戒。此时,有诸天众聚于彼,以喜悦心为大德赞唱:“正直不起疑,直至生死,竟无另一人能如是阻止人间灾难,哀哉!对苏陀索摩极为辛苦。”诸天以宏大声音响彻森林。听到赞赞之声,四大天王即生一大骚动,从梵天界直至此处齐声应和。树顶王及树神皆闻此赞叹。树神也立于座上发出称赞之声。正当诸天赞声响起时,色相却不可见。听得诸天的赞叹,诸王心念起:“凭苏陀索摩,生命难得且珍贵,凭借苏陀索摩的大德,人间苦难将被制伏。”于是诸王向大德之足致礼,伫立一旁。那菩萨言:“是的,士族,我释放你。”他内心思惟曰:“我为这些人的护持者,既已释放他们,有人彼此护持时便不会伤害我。即便舍命也不能破坏守护苏陀索摩的戒律,我将同他们同行而赦免他们,这恐惧自会消失。”继而向菩萨致敬,说:“苏陀索摩,我们二人同往,士族我当释放你。”说罢,颂曰:
§473
473.
‘‘Satthā ca me hosi sakhā ca mesi, vacanampi te samma ahaṃ akāsiṃ;
“师我将为,亦为友,言语正实自我行;
Tuvampi me samma karohi vākyaṃ, ubhopi gantvāna pamocayāmā’’ti.
你也请正确地说话,我们双方都前往,彼此解脱。
Tattha satthāti saggamaggassa desitattā satthā ca, taruṇakālato paṭṭhāya sakhā ca.
其中所说的“师者”,是指天上道途的教导者,同时也是从青年时代开始生起友情之人。
Atha naṃ bodhisatto āha –
这时,尚未成佛的觉者说道——
§474
474.
四百七十四。
‘‘Satthā ca te homi sakhā ca tyamhi, vacanampi me samma tuvaṃ akāsi;
“我既是你的师者,又是朋友;你也请正确地说话;
Ahampi te samma karomi vākyaṃ, ubhopi gantvāna pamocayāmā’’ti.
我也会正确地说话,我们双方一同前往,彼此解脱。”
Evaṃ vatvā te upasaṅkamitvā āha –
世尊如此说罢,彼等走近世尊而对白世尊说—
§475
475.
‘‘Kammāsapādena viheṭhitattha, talāvutā assumukhā rudantā;
“因行恶业而堕落之地,少年丧志哭泣不止;
Na jātu dubbhetha imassa rañño, saccappaṭiññaṃ me paṭissuṇāthā’’ti.
此国王中绝无此等恶劣之人,请听我诚实的保证。”
Tattha kammāsapādenāti idaṃ mahāsatto ‘‘ubhopi gantvāna pamocayāmā’’ti sampaṭicchitvā ‘‘khattiyā nāma mānathaddhā honti, muttamattāva ‘iminā mayaṃ viheṭhitamhā’ti porisādaṃ potheyyumpi haneyyumpi, na kho panesa tesu dubbhissati, ahaṃ ekakova gantvā paṭiññaṃ tāva nesaṃ gaṇhissāmī’’ti cintetvā tattha gantvā te hatthatale āvunitvā aggapādaṅgulīhi bhūmiṃ phusamānāhi rukkhasākhāsu olaggite vātappaharaṇakāle nāgadantesu olaggitakuraṇḍakadāmāni viya samparivattante addasa. Tepi taṃ disvā ‘‘idānimhā mayaṃ arogā’’ti ekappahāreneva mahāviravaṃ raviṃsu. Atha ne mahāsatto ‘‘mā bhāyitthā’’ti assāsetvā ‘‘mayā porisādo damito, tumhākaṃ abhayaṃ gahitaṃ, tumhe pana me vacanaṃ karothā’’ti vatvā evamāha. Tattha na jātūti ekaṃseneva na dubbhetha.
其中“行恶业者”指此地大力士,他想:“虽同路而行,我等应将其释放。”又思忖:“武士贵族多暴虐无常,虽有理由应杀应诛,但我对此等人无恶意,我若独自行去,必守此诺言。”于是他到达他处,当时正值风停时节,他用人中指触地,攀树枝,上面树梢如抱着象牙般的梭棍旋绕。他见此便言:“今日我已无恙!”片刻之间,大喜雀跃。随后这大臣说道:“勿惊恐,我已制服此人,护你安全,你等则请作答。”他如是言。于是绝无恶意之心。
Te āhaṃsu –
彼等说道:
§476
476.
四百七十六。
‘‘Kammāsapādena viheṭhitamhā, talāvutā assumukhā rudantā;
「由业力所致,倍受刺痛,我们如同众多面向火焰哭泣的蛇;
Na jātu dubbhema imassa rañño, saccappaṭiññaṃ te paṭissuṇāmā’’ti.
此国从未有过如此恶劣的君王,他们违背了誓言,我们必当听闻并重视此事。」
Tattha paṭissuṇāmāti ‘‘evaṃ paṭiññaṃ adhivāsema sampaṭicchāma, apica kho pana mayaṃ kilantā kathetuṃ na sakkoma, tumhe sabbasattānaṃ saraṇaṃ, tumheva kathetha, mayaṃ vo vacanaṃ sutvā paṭiññaṃ dassāmā’’ti.
此处所谓『重视誓言』者,即『我们应当遵守如是誓言,生起坚定心愿;虽我们无力批评,你们当为一切众生做避难所,叫众生由你们而得保护,我们听闻此话,当以此为准则。』
Atha ne bodhisatto ‘‘tena hi paṭiññaṃ dethā’’ti vatvā gāthamāha –
此时菩萨说:『因着这誓言,我当勇猛护持』,然后诵颂偈曰:
§477
477.
四百七十七。
‘‘Yathā pitā vā atha vāpi mātā, anukampakā atthakāmā pajānaṃ,.
如同父亲或母亲,慈悲怜悯、愿意帮助子女一般,
Evameva vo hotu ayañca rājā, tumhe ca vo hotha yatheva puttā’’ti.
愿诸位国王以及诸位,皆如儿子一般对我行此慈爱。」
Atha naṃ tepi sampaṭicchamānā imaṃ gāthamāhaṃsu –
之后,他们同样心意相通,说出这偈语—
§478
478.
‘‘Yathā pitā vā atha vāpi mātā, anukampakā atthakāmā pajānaṃ;
如同父亲或母亲,慈悲怜悯、愿意帮助众生;
Evameva no hotu ayañca rājā, mayampi hessāma yatheva puttā’’ti.
愿我亦然,愿成为诸位如儿子一般的护持者。」
Tattha tumhe ca voti vo-kāro nipātamattaṃ.
在那里,你们也如实地终止了发声。
Iti mahāsatto tesaṃ paṭiññaṃ gahetvā porisādaṃ pakkositvā ‘‘ehi, samma, khattiye mocehī’’ti āha. So khaggaṃ gahetvā ekassa rañño bandhanaṃ chindi. Rājā sattāhaṃ nirāhāro vedanappatto saha bandhanachedā mucchito bhūmiyaṃ pati. Taṃ disvā mahāsatto kāruññaṃ katvā, ‘‘samma porisāda, mā evaṃ chindī’’ti ekaṃ rājānaṃ ubhohi hatthehi daḷhaṃ gahetvā ure katvā ‘‘idāni bandhanaṃ chindāhī’’ti āha. Porisādo khaggena chindi. Mahāsatto thāmasampannatāya naṃ ure nipajjāpetvā orasaputtaṃ viya muducittena otāretvā bhūmiyaṃ nipajjāpesi. Evaṃ sabbepi te bhūmiyaṃ nipajjāpetvā vaṇe dhovitvā dārakānaṃ kaṇṇato suttakaṃ viya saṇikaṃ rajjuyo nikkaḍḍhitvā pubbalohitaṃ dhovitvā vaṇe niddose katvā, ‘‘samma porisāda, ekaṃ rukkhatacaṃ pāsāṇe ghaṃsitvā āharā’’ti āharāpetvā saccakiriyaṃ katvā tesaṃ hatthatalāni makkhesi. Taṅkhaṇaññeva vaṇo phāsukaṃ ahosi. Porisādo taṇḍulaṃ gahetvā taralaṃ paci , ubho janā parosataṃ khattiye pāyesuṃ. Iti te sabbeva santappitā, sūriyo atthaṅgato. Punadivase pāto ca majjhanhike ca sāyañca taralameva pāyetvā tatiyadivase sasitthakayāguṃ pāyesuṃ, tāvatā te arogā ahesuṃ.
于是那位英勇者接过他们的应允后,率领护卫说:“来吧,正直的武士,应当放过他。”他拿起利刃斩断了一位国王的枷锁。国王经过七天没有粮食且感受苦痛,在解除枷锁后得以脱困,倒在地上。见此情景,那位英勇者生起慈悲,说:“好吧,护卫,不要这样乱砍。”他用双手紧抓国王的胸部,割断枷锁,说:“如今枷锁已断。”护卫用利刃斩断了枷锁。英勇者因其坚忍不拔,将国王放下,像小鼠般谨慎心软地引导他倒地安卧。诸人皆将国王放下后,于林中清洗他,就像给孩童洗耳朵一样,一边扯下破布,一边用早晨血迹清洗。他们于林间将国王身上污秽剃净,诚实地行善,贴合手掌。林中顿时如同旷野的清凉。护卫取籼米施以软火烹煮,两人共享,正直武士们执持盛器共饮。如此众人全都心满意足,阳光正好。第二天,在中午和傍晚,酒醋适度饮用;第三天他们以青草供养,至此皆健康无恙。
Atha ne mahāsatto ‘‘gantuṃ sakkhissathā’’ti pucchitvā ‘‘gacchāmā’’ti vutte ‘‘ehi, samma porisāda, sakaṃ raṭṭhaṃ gacchāmā’’ti āha. So rodamāno tassa pādesu patitvā ‘‘tvaṃ, samma, rājāno gahetvā gaccha, ahaṃ idheva vanamūlaphalāni khādanto vasissāmī’’ti āha. ‘‘Samma, idha kiṃ karissasi, ramaṇīyaṃ te raṭṭhaṃ, bārāṇasiyaṃ rajjaṃ kārehī’’ti. ‘‘Samma kiṃ kathesi, na sakkā mayā tattha gantuṃ, sakalanagaravāsino hi me verino, te ‘iminā mayhaṃ mātā khāditā, mayhaṃ pitā, mayhaṃ bhātā’ti maṃ paribhāsissanti, ‘gaṇhatha imaṃ cora’nti ekekadaṇḍena vā ekekaleḍḍunā vā maṃ jīvitā voropessanti, ahañca tumhākaṃ santike sīlesu patiṭṭhito, jīvitahetupi na sakkā mayā paraṃ māretuṃ, tasmā nāhaṃ gacchāmi, ahaṃ manussamaṃsato viratattā kittakaṃ jīvissāmi, idāni mama tumhākaṃ dassanaṃ natthī’’ti roditvā ‘‘gacchatha tumhe’’ti āha. Atha mahāsatto tassa piṭṭhiṃ parimajjitvā, ‘‘samma porisāda, mā cintayi, sutasomo nāmāhaṃ, mayā tādiso kakkhaḷo pharuso vinīto, bārāṇasivāsikesu kiṃ vattabbaṃ atthi, ahaṃ taṃ tattha patiṭṭhāpessāmi, asakkonto attano rajjaṃ dvidhā bhinditvā dassāmī’’ti vatvā ‘‘tumhākampi nagare mama verino atthiyevā’’ti vutte ‘‘iminā mama vacanaṃ karontena dukkaraṃ kataṃ, yena kenaci upāyena porāṇakayase patiṭṭhapetabbo esa mayā’’ti cintetvā tassa palobhanatthāya nagarasampattiṃ vaṇṇento āha –
后来,那位英勇者询问:“是否能前去?”对方答曰“去吧,正直的护卫,让我们去你的国界吧。”英勇者跪地哭泣说:“你持国王去吧,我则留在此地,食谷根果实。”对方劝道:“好吧,这里有何可做?你的国界风光宜人,是巴拉那西的辖区。”英勇者答曰:“你说何事?我不能去那里,因该城居民皆为我的仇敌,他们会说‘此人为杀我母者,我父者,我兄弟者’,又会说‘拿下这小偷’,或以鞭棍逐我命绝。现我在你们身边安心生活,并信奉戒律,因护命故不许我杀他人。所以我不会去,我将在人类社会中遵守正道而生活。现在我无缘见你们了。”哭泣之后,他说:“你们去吧。”随即擦去眼泪,“正直的护卫,不必忧虑,我名苏达摩,虽性格强硬刚朴,但在巴拉那西居民中无所顾忌,我会在那里安稳立足。若遇敌人,我会破坏其国,以作示范。”说完又言:“你们那里亦有敌人。”对方说:“你言使我难堪,须以某法重建旧邦,此乃我所想。”为诱惑他,护卫描述国都财富。
§479
479.
‘‘Catuppadaṃ sakuṇañcāpi maṃsaṃ, sūdehi randhaṃ sukataṃ suniṭṭhitaṃ;
四双脚和鸟肉,辅以汤羹烹调,精良而美味;
Sudhaṃva indo paribhuñjiyāna, hitvā katheko ramasī araññe.
好似天神享用美酒般甜美,诸多群仙于森林中畅快游乐。
§480
480.
第四百八十条。
‘‘Tā khattiyā vellivilākamajjhā, alaṅkatā samparivārayitvā;
‘‘此中,刹帝利居于丝绸织帛之地,装饰华美,围绕其四周;
Indaṃva devesu pamodayiṃsu, hitvā katheko ramasī araññe.
如同天神们欢喜快乐一般,有人在森林中安然居住而怡然自得。
§481
481.
第四百八十一条。
‘‘Tambūpadhāne bahugoṇakamhi, subhamhi sabbassayanamhi saṅge;
‘‘以竹叶为床,多层叠置,其上铺盖华美柔软,俱为安居之地;
Seyyassa majjhamhi sukhaṃ sayitvā
安卧其中,正处于舒适之中。
Hitvā katheko ramasī araññe.
离开了多言者,独自愉快地居于森林中。
§482
482.
‘‘Pāṇissaraṃ kumbhathūṇaṃ nisīthe, athopi ve nippurisampi tūriyaṃ;
『坐于瓶口与木棉树之间,甚至野兽之处亦能安住。
Bahuṃ sugītañca suvāditañca, hitvā katheko ramasī araññe.
唱着许多美妙悦耳的歌,离开了多言者,独自愉快地住于森林中。』
§483
483.
‘‘Uyyānasampannaṃ pahūtamālyaṃ, migājinūpetaṃ puraṃ surammaṃ;
『具备园林、众多鲜花,野兽出没的城池戒护严密;
Hayehi nāgehi rathehupetaṃ, hitvā katheko ramasī araññe’’ti.
『嗟乎,众龙皆集于车中,放下此事,谁愿隐居于林中』。
Tattha sukatanti nānappakārehi suṭṭhu kataṃ. Suniṭṭhitanti nānāsambhārayojanena suṭṭhu niṭṭhitaṃ. Kathekoti kathaṃ eko. Ramasīti mūlaphalādīni khādanto kathaṃ ramissasi, ‘‘ehi, mahārāja, gamissāmā’’ti. Vellivilākamajjhāti ettha vellīti rāsi, vilākamajjhāti vilaggamajjhā. Uttattaghanasuvaṇṇarāsipabhā ceva tanudīghamajjhā cāti dasseti. Devesūti devalokesu accharā indaṃ viya ramaṇīye bārāṇasinagare pubbe taṃ pamodayiṃsu, tā hitvā idha kiṃ karissasi, ‘‘ehi, samma, gacchāmā’’ti. Tambūpadhāneti rattūpadhāne. Sabbassayanamhīti sabbattharaṇatthate sayane. Saṅgeti anekabhūmike dassetvā addharattaaṅgayutte tattha tvaṃ pubbe sayīti attho. Sukhanti tādisassa sayanassa majjhamhi sukhaṃ sayitvāna idāni kathaṃ araññe ramissasi, ‘‘ehi gacchāma, sammā’’ti. Nisītheti rattibhāge. Hitvāti evarūpaṃ sampattiṃ chaḍḍetvā. Uyyānasampannaṃ pahūtamālyanti, mahārāja, tava uyyānasampannaṃ nānāvidhapupphaṃ. Migājinūpetaṃ puraṃ surammanti taṃ uyyānaṃ migājinaṃ nāma nāmena, tena upetaṃ purampi te suṭṭhu rammaṃ. Hitvāti evarūpaṃ manoramaṃ nagaraṃ chaḍḍetvā.
于彼处,『善作』意指种种方式皆得善成就;『成就』是指以各种因缘善加缔结而圆满成就。『谁愿』意为如何一人。『隐居』指嘴中含食诸如树根果实等,言曰:『来吧,大王,我们一同前往』。其中『积垛』指堆积如堆,『垛间』指堆积之间。言及云母色的金光和身体的修长,皆示现于此处。称为『诸天』乃指天界诸众,曾如迦湿弥罗城中的天帝因欢喜此事而赞叹,当时离去则「现今当作何为?来吧,亲近,前行」之义。『蝙蝠栖息之处』是夜栖之地。『安寝处』即是各处可供休息之所。『聚集』展示众多不同的地点,指示你从前曾卧于此。『安乐』谓于那样的卧具中央安适地卧后,今何以隐居森林?『夜晚』意指夜间时段。『放下』即放下此种成就。『园林富饶鲜花丰盛,大王』,言取意你那园林拥有各样花木。群兽环绕古城,故园名曰『兽城』,及其所环绕的古城亦得安逸游娱。『放下』是谓放下如是美丽城邑。
Iti mahāsatto ‘‘appeva nāmesa pubbe upabhuttaparibhogarasaṃ saritvā gantukāmo bhaveyyā’’ti paṭhamaṃ bhojanena palobhesi, dutiyaṃ kilesena, tatiyaṃ sayanena, catutthaṃ naccagītavāditena, pañcamaṃ uyyānena ceva nagarena cāti imehi ettakehi palobhetvā ‘‘ehi, mahārāja, ahaṃ taṃ ādāya gantvā bārāṇasiyaṃ patiṭṭhāpetvā pacchā sakaraṭṭhaṃ gamissāmi, sace bārāṇasirajjaṃ na labhissasi, upaḍḍharajjaṃ te dassāmi, kiṃ te araññavāsena, mama vacanaṃ karohī’’ti āha. So tassa vacanaṃ sutvā gantukāmo hutvā ‘‘sutasomo mayhaṃ atthakāmo anukampako, paṭhamaṃ maṃ kalyāṇe patiṭṭhāpetvā ‘idāni porāṇakayaseva patiṭṭhāpessāmī’ti vadati, sakkhissati cesa patiṭṭhāpetuṃ, iminā saddhiṃyeva gantuṃ vaṭṭati, kiṃ me araññavāsenā’’ti cintetvā tuṭṭhacitto tassa guṇaṃ nissāya vaṇṇaṃ kathetukāmo ‘‘samma, sutasoma, kalyāṇamittasaṃsaggato sādhutaraṃ, pāpamittasaṃsaggato vā pāpataraṃ nāma natthī’’ti vatvā āha –
于是那伟人谓:『除名誉之外,先前曾享诸种世间快乐,有游赏之欲望:第一因饮食而贪爱,第二因烦恼,第三因安乐寝具,第四因歌舞乐器,第五因园林和城邑。因这些欲望而贪恋,言道:「大王,我要携此而去,于迦湿弥罗城中立足,之后前往舍卫城。倘若无法得迦湿弥罗之本邦位分,我当示现外道位分。你为何以隐林修行为业,应当听我言。」听闻此语,渴望往往起,于是起志欢喜,欲述其美德,对他说:「善哉,苏陀室摩,与善友交往为最,恶友则绝无甚大善处。」
§484
484.
‘‘Kāḷapakkhe yathā cando, hāyateva suve suve;
『如同月盈之时,夜晚光明照耀;
Kāḷapakkhūpamo rāja, asataṃ hoti samāgamo.
似月盈之相,王的聚会不会空虚无益。』
§485
485.
‘‘Yathāhaṃ rasakamāgamma, sūdaṃ kāpurisādhamaṃ;
『如我承受甘露,由恶人施以污秽之物所致,
Akāsiṃ pāpakaṃ kammaṃ, yena gacchāmi duggatiṃ.
我等造作恶业,故当堕入恶趣。』
§486
486.
‘‘Sukkapakkhe yathā cando, vaḍḍhateva suve suve;
『如同猪翼之月,时复增长清朗,
Sukkapakkhūpamo rāja, sataṃ hoti samāgamo.
君王集聚如猪翼月,百众齐集共会。』
§487
487.
‘‘Yathāhaṃ tuvamāgamma, sutasoma vijānahi;
『如汝至我所,悉知此义;』
Kāhāmi kusalaṃ kammaṃ, yena gacchāmi suggatiṃ.
『我作善业,由斯往善趣。』
§488
488.
‘‘Thale yathā vāri janinda vuṭṭhaṃ, anaddhaneyyaṃ na ciraṭṭhitīkaṃ;
『如地上涌泉生水,非永恒不久住,』
Evampi hoti asataṃ samāgamo, anaddhaneyyo udakaṃ thaleva.
『亦复如是,虚假集会,无常如地水也。』
§489
489.
第四百八十九节。
‘‘Sare yathā vāri janinda vuṭṭhaṃ, ciraṭṭhitīkaṃ naravīraseṭṭha;
『譬如水流中的浮木,长久依附、水波之中,堪称人中俊杰;
Evampi ve hoti sataṃ samāgamo, ciraṭṭhitīko udakaṃ sareva.
同样地,百人聚集若水长流不息,聚会久远如水流不断。』
§490
490.
第四百九十节。
‘‘Abyāyiko hoti sataṃ samāgamo, yāvampi tiṭṭheyya tatheva hoti;
『百人相聚者,如实相续,若能持久,则自然稳固;
Khippañhi veti asataṃ samāgamo, tasmā sataṃ dhammo asabbhi ārakā’’ti.
而迅速分散者,则如虚无不稳,因此百人之法不可失护。』
Tattha suve suveti divase divase. Anaddhaneyyanti na addhānakkhamaṃ. Sareti samudde. Naravīraseṭṭhāti naresu vīriyena seṭṭha. Udakaṃ sarevāti samudde vuṭṭhaudakaṃ viya. Abyāyikoti avigacchanako. Yāvampitiṭṭheyyāti yattakaṃ kālaṃ jīvitaṃ tiṭṭheyya, tattakaṃ kālaṃ tatheva hoti, na jīrati sappurisehi mittabhāvoti.
此处“suve suveti”者,谓日复一日持续不断。所谓“不灭者”,指不堕无能为力者。『sareti samudde』意谓犹如河流入海。所谓“naravīraseṭṭhāti”,当解释为人中以勇士为最为上等。水被称“sarevāti”,犹如大海的水势浩荡。至于“abyāyiko”者,义为不坏灭者、无过失者。关于“yāvampitiṭṭheyyāti”,即在所存活的时期,其存续之时间当如是般,且此时间恰如其分,无增无减。且曰“人中贤士,其友谊纯厚,不易衰变”。
Iti porisādo sattahi gāthāhi mahāsattasseva vaṇṇaṃ kathesi. Mahāsattopi porisādañca te ca rājāno gahetvā attano paccantagāmaṃ agamāsi. Paccantagāmavāsino mahāsattaṃ disvā nagaraṃ gantvā amaccānaṃ ācikkhiṃsu. Amaccā balakāyaṃ ādāya gantvā parivārayiṃsu. Mahāsatto tena parivārena bārāṇasirajjaṃ agamāsi. Antarāmagge janapadavāsino bodhisattassa paṇṇākāraṃ datvā anugacchiṃsu, mahanto parivāro ahosi, tena saddhiṃ bārāṇasiṃ pāpuṇi. Tadā porisādassa putto rājā hoti, senāpati kāḷahatthiyeva. Nāgarā rañño ārocayiṃsu – ‘‘mahārāja, sutasomo kira porisādaṃ dametvā ādāya idhāgacchati, nagaramassa pavisituṃ na dassāmā’’ti sīghaṃ nagaradvārāni pidahitvā āvudhahatthā aṭṭhaṃsu. Mahāsatto dvārānaṃ pihitabhāvaṃ ñatvā porisādañca parosatañca rājāno ohāya katipayehi amaccehi saddhiṃ āgantvā ‘‘ahaṃ sutasomarājā, dvāraṃ vivarathā’’ti āha. Purisā gantvā rañño ārocesuṃ. So ‘‘khippaṃ vivarathā’’ti vivarāpesi. Mahāsatto nagaraṃ pāvisi. Rājā ca kāḷahatthi cassa paccuggamanaṃ katvā ādāya pāsādaṃ āropayiṃsu.
于是,porisāda以七偈如同伟大君王般讲述其事迹。接着,porisāda和那些君王带领自己的后方村庄来到。他们来到后方村落的居民面前,向其传达消息。当地的仆从和男孩们接引porisāda,并将其护卫,引领他进入巴拉那西城。城中居民见到那伟大君王的护送队伍,遂一同跟随。随后,porisāda的儿子成为国王与将军,威严如黑象。他们向城中居民通报:“据闻大王sutasoma俘获porisāda,带领他来到此地,我们不可见他入城。”随即迅速关闭城门,集结武装士兵。虽知门扉紧闭,porisāda及诸君王抛弃城门,由少数仆从陪同,向他们喊言:“我是sutasoma王,请开门。”有人前往向国王报告,国王命令立即开启城门。porisāda遂入城。国王及将军随后进行回府,登上宫殿。
So rājapallaṅke nisīditvā porisādassa aggamahesiṃ sesāmacce ca pakkosāpetvā kāḷahatthiṃ āha – ‘‘kāḷahatthi, kasmā rañño nagaraṃ pavisituṃ na dethā’’ti? ‘‘So rajjaṃ kārento imasmiṃ nagare bahū manusse khādi, khattiyehi akattabbaṃ kari, sakalajambudīpaṃ chiddamakāsi, evarūpo pāpadhammo, tena kāraṇenā’’ti. ‘‘Idāni ‘so evarūpaṃ karissatī’ti mā cintayittha, ahaṃ taṃ dametvā sīlesu patiṭṭhāpesiṃ, jīvitahetupi kañci na viheṭhessati, natthi vo tato bhayaṃ, evaṃ mā karittha, puttehi nāma mātāpitaro paṭijaggitabbā, mātāpituposakā hi saggaṃ gacchanti, itare niraya’’nti evaṃ so nicāsane nisinnassa puttarājassa ovādaṃ datvā, ‘‘kāḷahatthi, tvaṃ rañño sahāyo ceva sevako ca, raññāpi mahante issariye patiṭṭhāpito, tayāpi rañño atthaṃ carituṃ vaṭṭatī’’ti senāpatimpi anusāsitvā, ‘‘devi, tvampi kulagehā āgantvā tassa santike aggamahesiṭṭhānaṃ patvā puttadhītāhi vaḍḍhippattā, tayāpi tassa atthaṃ carituṃ vaṭṭatī’’ti deviyāpi ovādaṃ datvā tamevatthaṃ matthakaṃ pāpetuṃ dhammaṃ desento gāthā āha –
他坐于王座之上,统领porisāda的护卫及其他随从,向黑象将军问道:“黑象,将军,你何以不允许国王入城?”回曰:“因该城中有人多行恶业,食人杀戮,不尊贵族,毁坏整个印度洲,如此恶劣根由故。”他说:“勿忧彼必定如此;吾今制伏恶业,立于戒律之上,无人能害吾生命,勿恐。切勿造此恶事。子女皆应善待父母,父母护持供养者必得天道,他人则遭地狱。”对坐安静的国王子嗣讲毕劝诫,复谕黑象将军:“汝是国王助手及仆人,亦为大王鞠躬尽责之人。更当为王谋事。”又劝诫其王妃:“汝亦出身贵族之家,宜当主持内政,养育子女,并辅佐大王。”说毕,颂出赞歌以宣说此旨——
§491
491.
第四百九十一偈。
‘‘Na so rājā yo ajeyyaṃ jināti, na so sakhā yo sakhāraṃ jināti;
“非胜利者为真正国王,非仅依朋友关系 adjoint。
Na sā bhariyā yā patino na vibheti, na te puttā ye na bharanti jiṇṇaṃ.
非畏避夫者之妻为良配,非抛弃年迈子女者为贤。”
§492
492.
‘‘Na sā sabhā yattha na santi santo, na te santo ye na bhaṇanti dhammaṃ;
『非圣者者,彼处无圣众;非圣者者,彼等不说法;』
Rāgañca dosañca pahāya mohaṃ, dhammaṃ bhaṇantāva bhavanti santo.
『舍离贪欲与嗔恚并迷惑,讲述法者方为圣众。』
§493
493.
‘‘Nābhāsamānaṃ jānanti, missaṃ bālehi paṇḍitaṃ;
『愚者未知智者言,智者不与愚人同识;』
Bhāsamānañca jānanti, desentaṃ amataṃ padaṃ.
『然智者知语者,宣说不死之处。』
§494
494.
第四百九十四条。
‘‘Bhāsaye jotaye dhammaṃ, paggaṇhe isinaṃ dhajaṃ;
“说教扬法者,是胜利的旗帜;
Subhāsitaddhajā isayo, dhammo hi isinaṃ dhajo’’ti.
善说胜利旗帜的王法,法真实如王旗。”
Tattha ajeyyanti ajeyyā nāma mātāpitaro, te jinanto rājā nāma na hoti. Sace tvampi pitu santakaṃ rajjaṃ labhitvā tassa paṭisattu hosi, akiccakārī nāma bhavissasi . Sakhāraṃ jinātīti kūṭaḍḍena jināti. Sace tvaṃ, kāḷahatthi, raññā saddhiṃ mittadhammaṃ na pūresi, adhammaṭṭho hutvā niraye nibbattissasi. Na vibhetīti na bhāyati. Sace tvaṃ rañño na bhāyasi, bhariyādhamme ṭhitā nāma na hosi, akiccakārī nāma bhavissasi. Jiṇṇanti mahallakaṃ. Tasmiñhi kāle abharantā puttā puttā nāma na honti.
此中,“未胜”称为父母,若能征服之便非君王。若你父亲虽取天下为己,却成敌对者,必为无辜者。谓之以虚伪手段称王。若汝(黑象)不能守护国土与友义,陷于非法必堕地狱。无所畏惧,无所惧惮。若不畏王,不守王法,恶名必传。老者亦必灭亡。其时不担负者,子孙不存。
Santoti paṇḍitā. Ye na bhaṇanti dhammanti ye pucchitā saccasabhāvaṃ na vadanti, na te paṇḍitā nāma. Dhammaṃ bhaṇantāvāti ete rāgādayo pahāya parassa hitānukampakā hutvā sabhāvaṃ bhaṇantāva paṇḍitā nāma honti. Nābhāsamānanti na abhāsamānaṃ. Amataṃ padanti amatamahānibbānaṃ desentaṃ ‘‘paṇḍito’’ti jānanti, teneva porisādo maṃ ñatvā pasannacitto cattāro vare datvā pañcasu sīlesu patiṭṭhito. Bhāsayeti paṇḍito puriso dhammaṃ bhāseyya joteyya, buddhādayo isayo yasmā dhammo etesaṃ dhajo, tasmā subhāsitaddhajā nāma subhāsitaṃ paggaṇhanti, bālā pana subhāsitaṃ paggaṇhantā nāma natthīti.
谓聪慧者为圣贤。若不论法,不问真谛,不能陈实,是非贤。唯弃贪欲等,悲益他人,正确说法者名为贤人。非空言,非虚假。晓无生法无灭法,正说无上涅槃者,谓之贤士。以彼识我,心明四善,守五戒。贤者发言,传播法义,如佛与诸圣为旗帜,故名善说胜利旗者;愚人则不识善言为胜利。
Imassa dhammakathaṃ sutvā rājā ca senāpati ca devī ca tuṭṭhā ‘‘gacchāma, mahārāja, ānemā’’ti vatvā nagare bheriṃ carāpetvā nāgare sannipātetvā ‘‘tumhe mā bhāyittha, rājā kira dhamme patiṭṭhito, etha naṃ ānemā’’ti mahājanaṃ ādāya mahāsattaṃ purato katvā rañño santikaṃ gantvā vanditvā kappake upaṭṭhāpetvā kappitakesamassuṃ nhātānulittapasādhitaṃ rājānaṃ ratanarāsimhi ṭhapetvā abhisiñcitvā nagaraṃ pavesesuṃ. Porisādo rājā hutvā parosatānaṃ khattiyānaṃ mahāsattassa ca mahāsakkāraṃ kāresi. ‘‘Sutasomanarindena kira porisādaṃ dametvā rajje patiṭṭhāpito’’ti sakalajambudīpe mahākolāhalaṃ udapādi. Indapatthanagaravāsinopi ‘‘rājā no āgacchatū’’ti dūtaṃ pahiṇiṃsu. So tattha māsamattaṃ vasitvā, ‘‘samma, gacchāmahaṃ, tvaṃ appamatto hohi, nagaradvāresu ca majjhe cāti pañca dānasālāyo kārehi, dasa rājadhamme akopetvā agatigamanaṃ pariharā’’ti porisādaṃ ovadi. Parosatāhi rājadhānīhi balakāyo yebhuyyena sannipati . So tena balakāyena parivuto bārāṇasito nikkhami. Porisādopi nikkhamitvā upaḍḍhapathā nivatti. Mahāsatto avāhanānaṃ rājūnaṃ vāhanāni datvā uyyojesi. Tepi rājāno tena saddhiṃ sammoditvā mahāsattaṃ vandanādīni katvā attano attano janapadaṃ agamiṃsu.
闻此法义,王与将领及王后皆欢喜,命曰:“前去,伟王,我等接来。”遂击鼓召众,众集于城中,告曰:“勿惊恐,王法确立,勿动此处。”引领大众,于王前敬礼,侍奉军卒,并沐浴更衣。王将宝物置于王座,诵咒赐福,进城入宫。此宫为王所造,对诸他国贵族及豪强极为恭敬。曰:“据说苏陀眉那王能驯服宫室并立国政。”顿时恒河下游诸国大震动,因而使因陀婆城民亦遣使说:“王已来。”王居一月,告谕曰:“好吧,我出游时,请你留心,城门内中设五施法堂,勿犯十王法,保持平安。”诸他国国都聚集兵力以防御。王拥众兵从巴拉那西出发,城中宫殿亦出发返回。大豪杰进献王车驾,国王皆欢庆,恭敬大豪杰,礼拜顶礼,纷纷返回各自领地。
Mahāsattopi nagaraṃ patvā indapatthanagaravāsīhi devanagaraṃ viya alaṅkatanagaraṃ pavisitvā mātāpitaro vanditvā madhurapaṭisanthāraṃ katvā mahātalaṃ abhiruhi. So dhammena rajjaṃ kārento cintesi – ‘‘rukkhadevatā mayhaṃ bahūpakārā, balikammalābhamassā karissāmī’’ti. So tassa nigrodhassa avidūre mahantaṃ taḷākaṃ kāretvā bahūni kulāni pesetvā gāmaṃ nivesesi. Gāmo mahā ahosi asītimattaāpaṇasahassapaṭimaṇḍito. Tampi rukkhamūlaṃ sākhantato paṭṭhāya samatalaṃ kāretvā parikkhittavedikatoraṇadvārayuttaṃ akāsi, devatā abhippasīdi. Kammāsapādassa damitaṭṭhāne nivuṭṭhattā pana so gāmo kammāsadammanigamo nāma jāto. Tepi sabbe rājāno mahāsattassa ovāde ṭhatvā dānādīni puññāni katvā āyupariyosāne saggaṃ pūrayiṃsu.
大王亦从城市下行,进入如众天人之居所般装饰华丽的因陀罗城,礼拜父母,进行甘美的奉养,然后登上高台。他修习法治思惟,道:『树神为我多所帮助,必能成就功业』。他于离那株波罗多大树不远处,挖掘一大水池,遍设村落,安置居民。村庄宏大,规模约一十八万银币防护圈。大王依托树根枝条,开辟平坦处,围以栏杆设立柱门,诸天神欣悦称赞。在此工作场所勤劳止息,但此村因此命名为“勤劳之村”。诸王都遵大王教诲,积福布施,享尽寿命,生天国所欢悦。
Satthā imaṃ dhammadesanaṃ āharitvā saccāni pakāsetvā ‘‘na, bhikkhave, idānevāhaṃ aṅgulimālaṃ damemi, pubbepesa mayā damitoyevā’’ti vatvā jātakaṃ samodhānesi ‘‘tadā porisādo rājā aṅgulimālo ahosi, kāḷahatthi sāriputto, nandabrāhmaṇo ānando, rukkhadevatā kassapo, sakko anuruddho, sesarājāno buddhaparisā, mātāpitaro mahārājakulāni, sutasomarājā pana ahameva ahosi’’nti.
世尊演说此法义,揭示真理,对比库言:「我非今日始制伏阿阇黎摩罗,昔昔皆由我制伏。」遂引本生故事为序言,曰:「昔时国王波利悉多为阿阇黎摩罗,黑象胜士萨利迦,婆罗门难陀,树神咖萨巴,天帝阿努儒达,诸佛弟子,父母及诸大王,苏达摩王中唯我一人。」
Mahāsutasomajātakavaṇṇanā pañcamā. · 大苏达索马本生注释第五。
Jātakuddānaṃ –
本生故事总结偈曰——
Sumukho pana haṃsavaro ca mahā, sudhabhojaniko ca paro pavaro;
脸庞俊美者为天鹅王,饮食清净又善护法;
Sakuṇāladijādhipativhayano, sutasomavaruttamasavhayanoti.
乃诸鸟类之主驾驭,支撑苏达摩王家门阖。
Asītinipātavaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā. · 八十品释已毕。
Pañcamo bhāgo niṭṭhito. · 第五部分已毕。