Jātaka-aṭṭhakathā
Namo tassa bhagavato arahato sammāsambuddhassa · 礼敬彼世尊、阿拉汉、正自觉者
Khuddakanikāye · 小部
Jātaka-aṭṭhakathā · 本生注疏
(Paṭhamo bhāgo)
(第一分)
Ganthārambhakathā
经卷起首说
Jātikoṭisahassehi , pamāṇarahitaṃ hitaṃ;
以千万亿计,虽无度量,却有利益;
Lokassa lokanāthena, kataṃ yena mahesinā.
为世间之世间主,即由众尊大者所为。
Tassa pāde namassitvā, katvā dhammassa cañjaliṃ;
于彼足下恭敬礼拜,且作法门合掌礼;
Saṅghañca patimānetvā, sabbasammānabhājanaṃ.
恭敬僧团奉献供养,广行一切尊敬供养事。
Namassanādino assa, puññassa ratanattaye;
因礼敬与赞叹,得以成就功德的宝藏;
Pavattassānubhāvena, chetvā sabbe upaddave.
随着善根的增长,斩断一切灾难;
Taṃ taṃ kāraṇamāgamma, desitāni jutīmatā;
因缘所致诸法,皆由智慧演说;
Apaṇṇakādīni purā, jātakāni mahesinā.
过去未曾犯过的事,乃伟大神王所宣说的生经;
Yāni yesu ciraṃ satthā, lokanittharaṇatthiko;
诸生中久住的导师,旨在拔除众生苦难;
Anante bodhisambhāre, paripācesi nāyako.
在无尽的菩提积聚中,尊者得以圆满呵护。
Tāni sabbāni ekajjhaṃ, āropentehi saṅgahaṃ;
诸者一切统一集合,聚合于一处而成总集;
Jātakaṃ nāma saṅgītaṃ, dhammasaṅgāhakehi yaṃ.
被名为生本来的歌唱,是以法相聚合而成;
Buddhavaṃsassa etassa, icchantena ciraṭṭhitiṃ;
此乃佛世系中,基于所愿久远恒存;
Yācito abhigantvāna, therena atthadassinā.
经长老善解义者,恳请而获得阐释;
Asaṃsaṭṭhavihāre , sadā suddhavihārinā;
此由不杂行止之所,常由清净行者所居;
Tatheva buddhamittena, santacittena viññunā.
亦由与佛同友者,心安静慧者所共持。
Mahiṃsāsakavaṃsamhi, sambhūtena nayaññunā;
在大象王朝中,由生起者以法则引领;
Buddhadevena ca tathā, bhikkhunā suddhabuddhinā.
又如佛陀所为,由比库具足清净智慧;
Mahāpurisacariyānaṃ, ānubhāvaṃ acintiyaṃ;
伟丈夫行迹难以思议,
Tassa vijjotayantassa, jātakassatthavaṇṇanaṃ.
由于启示智慧者,故讲述了本生传说;
Mahāvihāravāsīnaṃ, vācanāmagganissitaṃ;
居于大寺院者,于语法规范上依止,
Bhāsissaṃ bhāsato taṃ me, sādhu gaṇhantu sādhavoti.
我当为你宣说,愿善人悦纳此言。
Nidānakathā
因缘论
Sā panāyaṃ jātakassa atthavaṇṇanā dūrenidānaṃ, avidūrenidānaṃ, santikenidānanti imāni tīṇi nidānāni dassetvā vaṇṇiyamānā ye naṃ suṇanti, tehi samudāgamato paṭṭhāya viññātattā yasmā suṭṭhu viññātā nāma hoti, tasmā taṃ tāni nidānāni dassetvā vaṇṇayissāma.
此乃关于本生故事义理的注释,称为远缘起、近缘起和同时缘起。揭示此三种缘起后,说明那些未闻此义者,因缺乏深知,故此当说此三种缘起以加明了。
Tattha ādito tāva tesaṃ nidānānaṃ paricchedo veditabbo. Dīpaṅkarapādamūlasmiñhi katābhinīhārassa mahāsattassa yāva vessantarattabhāvā cavitvā tusitapure nibbatti, tāva pavatto kathāmaggo dūrenidānaṃ nāma. Tusitabhavanato pana cavitvā yāva bodhimaṇḍe sabbaññutappatti, tāva pavatto kathāmaggo avidūrenidānaṃ nāma. Santikenidānaṃ pana tesu tesu ṭhānesu viharato tasmiṃ tasmiṃyeva ṭhāne labbhatīti.
起初须知这三种缘起的分别。在光明足根基时期,那伟大众生历经四千多无数劫,从远离净土的阿摩罗城到天界,都有相续的故事流转,称为远缘起。从天界到菩提树下得无上正觉成就,则称为近缘起。而同时缘起,是指上述各处各地同时发生缘起之义。
1. Dūrenidānakathā1. 远因缘故事
Tatridaṃ dūrenidānaṃ nāma – ito kira kappasatasahassādhikānaṃ catunnaṃ asaṅkhyeyyānaṃ matthake amaravatī nāma nagaraṃ ahosi. Tattha sumedho nāma brāhmaṇo paṭivasati ubhato sujāto mātito ca pitito ca saṃsuddhagahaṇiko yāva sattamā kulaparivaṭṭā akkhitto anupakuṭṭho jātivādena abhirūpo dassanīyo pāsādiko paramāya vaṇṇapokkharatāya samannāgato. So aññaṃ kammaṃ akatvā brāhmaṇasippameva uggaṇhi. Tassa daharakāleyeva mātāpitaro kālamakaṃsu. Athassa rāsivaḍḍhako amacco āyapotthakaṃ āharitvā suvaṇṇarajatamaṇimuttādibharite gabbhe vivaritvā ‘‘ettakaṃ te, kumāra, mātu santakaṃ, ettakaṃ pitu santakaṃ, ettakaṃ ayyakapayyakāna’’nti yāva sattamā kulaparivaṭṭā dhanaṃ ācikkhitvā ‘‘etaṃ paṭipajjāhī’’ti āha. Sumedhapaṇḍito cintesi – ‘‘imaṃ dhanaṃ saṃharitvā mayhaṃ pitupitāmahādayo paralokaṃ gacchantā ekaṃ kahāpaṇampi gahetvā na gatā, mayā pana gahetvā gamanakāraṇaṃ kātuṃ vaṭṭatī’’ti. So rañño ārocetvā nagare bheriṃ carāpetvā mahājanassa dānaṃ datvā tāpasapabbajjaṃ pabbaji. Imassa panatthassa āvibhāvatthaṃ imasmiṃ ṭhāne sumedhakathā kathetabbā . Sā panesā kiñcāpi buddhavaṃse nirantaraṃ āgatāyeva, gāthāsambandhena pana āgatattā na suṭṭhu pākaṭā. Tasmā taṃ antarantarā gāthāya sambandhadīpakehi vacanehi saddhiṃ kathessāma.
此远缘起说明:在四千多个无数劫之前,有名为阿摩罗城的城市。城中有一名婆罗门,名为苏美多,生而善良,父母纯洁守戒,家族荣显,外貌端庄殊胜,言谈受人欢迎,如同优美的花园池塘。此人未造他业,以婆罗门家业自居。幼时父母早故,因而由祖父母抚养成人。祖父携带宝珠等珍珠宝藏,打开胎中对他说:“此为母亲的供养,此为父亲的供养,以及贤长辈的供养,已有七代家族的财富,你应继承。”苏美多智者思维:“若将此财藏弃置不管,父祖们将离世无所带去。唯有我得此财富则可为后世行事之资。”于是他向国王报告,在城中聚集民众施舍,接受出家乞止。此缘故的故事始于此地,称为苏美多故事。此故事虽频繁出现于佛传记中,却未被全面充分阐明。故此我们将一边用韵文一边加以详述。
Sumedhakathā善慧故事
Kappasatasahassādhikānañhi catunnaṃ asaṅkhyeyyānaṃ matthake dasahi saddehi avivittaṃ ‘‘amaravatī’’ti ca ‘‘amara’’nti ca laddhanāmaṃ nagaraṃ ahosi, yaṃ sandhāya buddhavaṃse vuttaṃ –
四千多无数劫以前,有一座城,名叫阿摩罗城,意谓不死之城,称呼包含“阿摩罗”与“阿摩罗城”。据佛传记中记载——
‘‘Kappe ca satasahasse, caturo ca asaṅkhiye;
“劫中有千、百、十,无数而四,
Amaraṃ nāma nagaraṃ, dassaneyyaṃ manoramaṃ;
「不死城」者,是一座应当观看的美丽城邑;
Dasahi saddehi avivittaṃ, annapānasamāyuta’’nti.
彼城以十种声音充满,且未曾疏散,而与食饮同在;
Tattha dasahi saddehi avivittanti hatthisaddena, assasaddena, rathasaddena, bherisaddena, mudiṅgasaddena, vīṇāsaddena, sammasaddena, tāḷasaddena, saṅkhasaddena ‘‘asnātha, pivatha, khādathā’’ti dasamena saddenāti imehi dasahi saddehi avivittaṃ ahosi. Tesaṃ pana saddānaṃ ekadesameva gahetvā –
其中十种声音未曾散离者,乃像象声、牛喘声、车轮声、鼓声、木鱼声、琴声、铃声、掌声、海螺声,且有第十者击以『食之、饮之、咀嚼之』等语,此即十种声音未曾散离也。但取诸中十一音之一,谓曰——
‘‘Hatthisaddaṃ assasaddaṃ, bherisaṅkharathāni ca;
「象声、牛喘声、鼓与海螺车轮声;
Khādatha pivatha ceva, annapānena ghosita’’nti. –
食之饮之等语,以食饮声传播」;
Buddhavaṃse imaṃ gāthaṃ vatvā –
佛系赞述此偈云——
‘‘Nagaraṃ sabbaṅgasampannaṃ, sabbakammamupāgataṃ;
诸城皆是具足诸法,诸业皆已随顺现前;
Sattaratanasampannaṃ, nānājanasamākulaṃ;
俱足七宝,众多人众拥集;
Samiddhaṃ devanagaraṃva, āvāsaṃ puññakamminaṃ.
犹如天城繁盛,众善业居所。
‘‘Nagare amaravatiyā, sumedho nāma brāhmaṇo;
于此城中有一婆罗门,名曰苏明多;
Anekakoṭisannicayo, pahūtadhanadhaññavā.
众多千万聚合,财富充足丰盈;
‘‘Ajjhāyako mantadharo, tiṇṇaṃ vedāna pāragū;
为师为智者,通达三种吠陀。
Lakkhaṇe itihāse ca, sadhamme pāramiṃ gato’’ti. – vuttaṃ;
关于标志还记载道,功德圆满而达至善法。——已被传述;
Athekadivasaṃ so sumedhapaṇḍito uparipāsādavaratale rahogato hutvā pallaṅkaṃ ābhujitvā nisinno cintesi – ‘‘punabbhave, paṇḍita, paṭisandhiggahaṇaṃ nāma dukkhaṃ, tathā nibbattanibbattaṭṭhāne sarīrabhedanaṃ, ahañca jātidhammo jarādhammo byādhidhammo maraṇadhammo, evaṃbhūtena mayā ajātiṃ ajaraṃ abyādhiṃ adukkhaṃ sukhaṃ sītalaṃ amatamahānibbānaṃ pariyesituṃ vaṭṭati, avassaṃ bhavato muccitvā nibbānagāminā ekena maggena bhavitabba’’nti. Tena vuttaṃ –
某一天,聪慧通达的长者从高殿下的密室出来,坐在床席上沉思,说:『再生轮回之苦,名为后世重生的痛苦;在轮回的终息处则是身躯的消散。我这生死、生老、病痛、死亡诸法,因如此故,我今必须寻求无生、无老、无病、无苦、安稳、凉静、无上的究竟涅槃;愿你放下世间,必当凭一条正道而得解脱涅槃。』于是传说说:
‘‘Rahogato nisīditvā, evaṃ cintesahaṃ tadā;
他闭门坐定,当时便这样思惟:
Dukkho punabbhavo nāma, sarīrassa ca bhedanaṃ.
苦即是轮回的再生,及身躯的消亡。
‘‘Jātidhammo jarādhammo, byādhidhammo sahaṃ tadā;
生死法、衰老法,并且病苦诸法,我当时这样想;
Ajaraṃ amataṃ khemaṃ, pariyesissāmi nibbutiṃ.
我要寻求无老死、无常灭、安稳无碍的涅槃。
‘‘Yaṃnūnimaṃ pūtikāyaṃ, nānākuṇapapūritaṃ;
『此者』者,是指此浊秽的身体,本具各种缺陷,杂染所充满之身。
Chaḍḍayitvāna gaccheyyaṃ, anapekkho anatthiko.
离舍舍弃之后,应当远离此身而去,其身无所期待,无益无用。
‘‘Atthi hehiti so maggo, na so sakkā na hetuye;
『此路』者,虽有此路,却无根本因,也无法依止此路。
Pariyesissāmi taṃ maggaṃ, bhavato parimuttiyā’’ti.
我将寻求那条解脱之路,即世尊庄严解脱之路。」
Tato uttaripi evaṃ cintesi – yathā hi loke dukkhassa paṭipakkhabhūtaṃ sukhaṃ nāma atthi, evaṃ bhave sati tappaṭipakkhena vibhavenāpi bhavitabbaṃ. Yathā ca uṇhe sati tassa vūpasamabhūtaṃ sītampi atthi, evaṃ rāgādīnaṃ aggīnaṃ vūpasamena nibbānenāpi bhavitabbaṃ. Yathā ca pāpassa lāmakassa dhammassa paṭipakkhabhūto kalyāṇo anavajjadhammopi atthiyeva, evameva pāpikāya jātiyā sati sabbajātikkhepanato ajātisaṅkhātena nibbānenāpi bhavitabbamevāti. Tena vuttaṃ –
于是又深思—世间苦难有相反的安乐存在,既然有生,则必有相反的灭,若有热,则亦有清凉平息,像恶欲之火以涅槃息灭。恶业之相反是善无垢之德,恶者生时有生灭之苦,未曾生者则以假灭灭生,故涅槃亦应如是而思。故有言说:
‘‘Yathāpi dukkhe vijjante, sukhaṃ nāmapi vijjati;
『正如众苦中确知苦,安乐亦同样存在。』
Evaṃ bhave vijjamāne, vibhavopi icchitabbako.
如是说:在有知觉的情况下,富裕者也当有所希求。
‘‘Yathāpi uṇhe vijjante, aparaṃ vijjati sītalaṃ;
如同在炎热中,人们熟知有凉爽存在;
Evaṃ tividhaggi vijjante, nibbānaṃ icchitabbakaṃ.
依此,三种觉知中,人们应当希求涅槃。
‘‘Yathāpi pāpe vijjante, kalyāṇamapi vijjati;
如同在人们熟知有恶行存在时,尚有善行;
Evameva jāti vijjante, ajātipicchitabbaka’’nti.
亦复如是,既知生存在,亦当希求不起生。
Aparampi cintesi – yathā nāma gūtharāsimhi nimuggena purisena dūrato pañcavaṇṇapadumasañchannaṃ mahātaḷākaṃ disvā ‘‘katarena nu kho maggena ettha gantabba’’nti taṃ taḷākaṃ gavesituṃ yuttaṃ. Yaṃ tassa agavesanaṃ, na so taḷākassa doso. Evameva kilesamaladhovane amatamahānibbānataḷāke vijjante tassa agavesanaṃ na amatanibbānamahātaḷākassa doso. Yathā ca corehi samparivārito puriso palāyanamagge vijjamānepi sace na palāyati, na so maggassa doso, purisasseva doso. Evameva kilesehi parivāretvā gahitassa purisassa vijjamāneyeva nibbānagāmimhi sive magge maggassa agavesanaṃ nāma na maggassa doso, puggalasseva doso. Yathā ca byādhipīḷito puriso vijjamāne byādhitikicchake vejje sace taṃ vejjaṃ gavesitvā byādhiṃ na tikicchāpeti, na so vejjassa doso, purisasseva doso. Evameva yo kilesabyādhipīḷito puriso kilesavūpasamamaggakovidaṃ vijjamānameva ācariyaṃ na gavesati, tasseva doso, na kilesavināsakassa ācariyassāti. Tena vuttaṃ –
另外还有这样思维:譬如一人渐渐淹没于深水潭,远处见一处被五色莲花盖覆的大湖,便思维说『应当以何路前往那里?』这种寻求大湖之行是适宜的。若不加寻求,此人无此湖之过失。犹如一人被盗贼围困,虽知逃逸之路但并不逃走,此非逃逸道路之过,实为此人自身之过。依此理,汝若胸怀烦恼被缠,已被摄入无上涅槃大湖,虽知通达涅槃之路而不加寻求,此乃自身之过,非涅槃之路之过。又如一病人知病症时,若未求医医治,过失不在医师而在病体。依此义理,被烦恼疾病缠绕之人,知有断恶烦恼之道而不求其师者,过失皆归其人,非断烦恼导师之过。由此说故——
‘‘Yathā gūthagato puriso, taḷākaṃ disvāna pūritaṃ;
「譬如浸入泥沼之人,见水塘充满之状;
Na gavesati taṃ taḷākaṃ, na doso taḷākassa so.
彼人不寻求彼水塘,亦无怨尤于水塘。」
‘‘Evaṃ kilesamaladhove, vijjante amatantaḷe;
「如是烦恼污秽之灭,智见如无边之涅槃;
Na gavesati taṃ taḷākaṃ, na doso amatantaḷe.
不求彼涅槃之境,亦无怨尤于无边。」
‘‘Yathā arīhi pariruddho, vijjante gamanampathe;
「如被障闭之路,明知有通行之径;
Na palāyati so puriso, na doso añjasassa so.
彼人不逃避此路,亦无怨尤于彼路。」
‘‘Evaṃ kilesapariruddho, vijjamāne sive pathe;
如此受烦恼阻塞者,正遭病疾之时;
Na gavesati taṃ maggaṃ, na doso sivamañjase.
既不寻求那条正道,亦无烦恼自净除。
‘‘Yathāpi byādhito puriso, vijjamāne tikicchake;
正如患病之人,遭遇医师时;
Na tikicchāpeti taṃ byādhiṃ, na doso so tikicchake.
医师不令其病重,病亦不责医师过。
‘‘Evaṃ kilesabyādhīhi, dukkhito paripīḷito;
如是被烦恼病苦所苦恼压迫者,
Na gavesati taṃ ācariyaṃ, na doso so vināyake’’ti.
不求圣师教诲,亦不责备律侍者。
Aparampi cintesi – yathā maṇḍanajātiko puriso kaṇṭhe āsattaṃ kuṇapaṃ chaḍḍetvā sukhī gacchati, evaṃ mayāpi imaṃ pūtikāyaṃ chaḍḍetvā anapekkhena nibbānanagaraṃ pavisitabbaṃ. Yathā ca naranāriyo ukkārabhūmiyaṃ uccārapassāvaṃ katvā na taṃ ucchaṅgena vā ādāya dasantena vā veṭhetvā gacchanti, jigucchamānā pana anapekkhāva chaḍḍetvā gacchanti, evaṃ mayāpi imaṃ pūtikāyaṃ anapekkhena chaḍḍetvā amataṃ nibbānanagaraṃ pavisituṃ vaṭṭati. Yathā ca nāvikā nāma jajjaraṃ nāvaṃ anapekkhā chaḍḍetvā gacchanti, evaṃ ahampi imaṃ navahi vaṇamukhehi paggharantaṃ kāyaṃ chaḍḍetvā anapekkho nibbānapuraṃ pavisissāmi. Yathā ca puriso nānāratanāni ādāya corehi saddhiṃ maggaṃ gacchanto attano ratananāsabhayena te chaḍḍetvā khemaṃ maggaṃ gaṇhāti, evaṃ ayampi karajakāyo ratanavilopakacorasadiso. Sacāhaṃ ettha taṇhaṃ karissāmi, ariyamaggakusaladhammaratanaṃ me nassissati. Tasmā mayā imaṃ corasadisaṃ kāyaṃ chaḍḍetvā nibbānanagaraṃ pavisituṃ vaṭṭatīti. Tena vuttaṃ –
我又思惟——如同蛮人之人,身上缚着刺籽,舍弃刺籽便愉悦地前行;我当舍弃此身如污秽之物,无所挂碍而应入无生涅槃之城。犹如男子与女子,到达肿胀之地,尽管有高突之处,却不携带或摩擦,以免厌恶;亦舍弃而无挂碍而前行;我亦应舍弃此污秽身,无挂碍而入涅槃之城。又如船夫弃荒船而行;我当舍弃此多舛之躯,放下身体,安然入涅槃之所。又如男子携珍宝遭盗者并行,于恐失自宝时舍弃盗贼,承当安稳之路;我此贪缚身如盗贼,意欲断欲,圣道善法之宝将未曾灭失。是以我当舍弃此盗贼似之身,入无生涅槃之城。故云——
‘‘Yathāpi kuṇapaṃ puriso, kaṇṭhe baddhaṃ jigucchiya;
『如同脖子系刺籽之人,厌恶之;
Mocayitvāna gaccheyya, sukhī serī sayaṃvasī.
得解脱则前行,身心愉悦住安宁。』
‘‘Tathevimaṃ pūtikāyaṃ, nānākuṇapasañcayaṃ;
『同样,此污秽之身,多存在刺籽;
Chaḍḍayitvāna gaccheyyaṃ, anapekkho anatthiko.
舍弃之则前行,无所挂碍无益处。』
‘‘Yathā uccāraṭṭhānamhi, karīsaṃ naranāriyo;
『如同男子女子,到达肿胀之处;
Chaḍḍayitvāna gacchanti, anapekkhā anatthikā.
舍弃之后而行,不加分别,不着无益。
‘‘Evamevāhaṃ imaṃ kāyaṃ, nānākuṇapapūritaṃ;
『我当如是,说此身满布种种忧苦;
Chaḍḍayitvāna gacchissaṃ, vaccaṃ katvā yathā kuṭiṃ.
舍弃之后将行,遂停止念言,归于茅舍安稳。
‘‘Yathāpi jajjaraṃ nāvaṃ, paluggaṃ udagāhiniṃ;
譬如破旧船只,于水中摇摇欲覆;
Sāmī chaḍḍetvā gacchanti, anapekkhā anatthikā.
主人舍弃后而行,不加分别,不着无益。
‘‘Evamevāhaṃ imaṃ kāyaṃ, navacchiddaṃ dhuvassavaṃ;
『我当如是,说此身已毁坏,污浊不净;
Chaḍḍayitvāna gacchissaṃ, jiṇṇanāvaṃva sāmikā.
舍弃之后而行,宛如老船的主人。
‘‘Yathāpi puriso corehi, gacchanto bhaṇḍamādiya;
正如人偷盗,行走时携带财物等,
Bhaṇḍacchedabhayaṃ disvā, chaḍḍayitvāna gacchati.
见到持物断裂之恐怖,便放弃而行。
‘‘Evameva ayaṃ kāyo, mahācorasamo viya;
此身亦如大盗一般,
Pahāyimaṃ gamissāmi, kusalacchedanābhayā’’ti.
我将舍弃它,因断除善法之恐怖。
Evaṃ sumedhapaṇḍito nānāvidhāhi upamāhi imaṃ nekkhammūpasaṃhitaṃ atthaṃ cintetvā sakanivesane aparimitaṃ bhogakkhandhaṃ heṭṭhā vuttanayena kapaṇaddhikādīnaṃ vissajjetvā mahādānaṃ datvā vatthukāme ca kilesakāme ca pahāya amaranagarato nikkhamitvā ekakova himavante dhammikaṃ nāma pabbataṃ nissāya assamaṃ katvā tattha paṇṇasālañca caṅkamañca māpetvā pañcahi nīvaraṇadosehi vivajjitaṃ ‘‘evaṃ samāhite citte’’tiādinā nayena vuttehi aṭṭhahi kāraṇaguṇehi samupetaṃ abhiññāsaṅkhātaṃ balaṃ āharituṃ tasmiṃ assamapade navadosasamannāgataṃ sāṭakaṃ pajahitvā dvādasaguṇasamannāgataṃ vākacīraṃ nivāsetvā isipabbajjaṃ pabbaji. Evaṃ pabbajito aṭṭhadosasamākiṇṇaṃ taṃ paṇṇasālaṃ pahāya dasaguṇasamannāgataṃ rukkhamūlaṃ upagantvā sabbaṃ dhaññavikatiṃ pahāya pavattaphalabhojano hutvā nisajjaṭṭhānacaṅkamanavaseneva padhānaṃ padahanto sattāhabbhantareyeva aṭṭhannaṃ samāpattīnaṃ pañcannañca abhiññānaṃ lābhī ahosi. Evaṃ taṃ yathāpatthitaṃ abhiññābalaṃ pāpuṇi. Tena vuttaṃ –
如是,慧眼明鉴者苏没多,依多种比喻,思惟此出离已成之义。于是,于舍处舍弃无量财宝,依他法弃除贪欲及色欲,离纷扰尘世而出离,独往喜马拉雅山中名为法之山。于其处,搭建三十座舍,设有步道,清净无五盖烦恼。经多方引导,具足八因缘功德,得至被称为神通力之境地。于喜马之地,舍弃持有九种过恶的八十舍,舍弃三十二种恶病者,寓居十二种善法俱足之短舍,剃发出家。如此出家,断除八十恶罪,舍弃三十舍,只带十种善法俱足之树根处,断尽所有饮食,不食麦类庄稼,成为禁食者。常坐于坐处,缓步行走,专注不散。七周之间,得八禅及五种神通。这般,真正得成如法神通力量。以此说:
‘‘Evāhaṃ cintayitvāna, nekakoṭisataṃ dhanaṃ;
『我如此思惟,积累了数千万千万财富;』
Nāthānāthānaṃ datvāna, himavantamupāgamiṃ.
『将之给予无所依怙者后,来到喜马拉雅山;』
‘‘Himavantassāvidūre , dhammiko nāma pabbato;
『喜马拉雅山颠,名为法山;』
Assamo sukato mayhaṃ, paṇṇasālā sumāpitā.
『对我而言安乐欢喜,有宏大精舍庄严美好;』
‘‘Caṅkamaṃ tattha māpesiṃ, pañcadosavivajjitaṃ;
『我在此地周游,远离五浊世间;』
Aṭṭhaguṇasamupetaṃ, abhiññābalamāhariṃ.
『携带八倍供养,具足神通力。』
‘‘Sāṭakaṃ pajahiṃ tattha, navadosamupāgataṃ;
『放弃恶作』者,于此地应断除。此处汝已生新恶,故言『捨弃恶作』。
Vākacīraṃ nivāsesiṃ, dvādasaguṇamupāgataṃ.
『捨弃言语缠绕』者,乃已生十二种恶相之言。
‘‘Aṭṭhadosasamākiṇṇaṃ, pajahiṃ paṇṇasālakaṃ;
『放弃八种恶业聚结』者,应舍此五蕴。
Upāgamiṃ rukkhamūlaṃ, guṇe dasahupāgataṃ.
『前往树根处』者,指向得十种善法之归处。
‘‘Vāpitaṃ ropitaṃ dhaññaṃ, pajahiṃ niravasesato;
『放弃浇灌并种植谷物』者,不使其长存。
Anekaguṇasampannaṃ, pavattaphalamādiyiṃ.
『因具足众多善法』而生果报,早始得此盛果。
‘‘Tatthappadhānaṃ padahiṃ, nisajjaṭṭhānacaṅkame;
“在那里,我测量了脚步,安坐在固定之处,来回踱步;
Abbhantaramhi sattāhe, abhiññābalapāpuṇi’’nti.
在这期间,由于通晓神通和力量,他获得了胜利。”
Tattha ‘‘assamo sukato mayhaṃ, paṇṇasālā sumāpitā’’ti imāya pāḷiyā sumedhapaṇḍitena assamapaṇṇasālācaṅkamā sahatthā māpitā viya vuttā. Ayaṃ panettha attho – mahāsattaṃ ‘‘himavantaṃ ajjhogāhetvā ajja dhammikaṃ pabbataṃ pavisissāmī’’ti nikkhantaṃ disvā sakko devānamindo vissakammadevaputtaṃ āmantesi – ‘‘tāta, ayaṃ sumedhapaṇḍito pabbajissāmīti nikkhanto, etassa vasanaṭṭhānaṃ māpehī’’ti. So tassa vacanaṃ sampaṭicchitvā ramaṇīyaṃ assamaṃ, suguttaṃ paṇṇasālaṃ, manoramaṃ caṅkamañca māpesi. Bhagavā pana tadā attano puññānubhāvena nipphannaṃ taṃ assamapadaṃ sandhāya sāriputta, tasmiṃ dhammikapabbate –
其中“这片密林之所令我安心,木房之所令我安适”——这是巴利文,由智者苏敏德解释为安适的林苑和木屋好像有人带手测量过一样。这里的意思是:伟大的众生砍伐喜马拉雅山脉,如今天将进入清净佛法所在的山中,萨咖天帝对毗湿摩天子说道:“儿啊,这位智者苏敏德已出家,望你丈量他的起居之所。”毗湿摩听了这话,便丈量了那安适、清净、愉悦的林木和厅堂。世尊当时凭自身功德显现优势,俯瞰这片安适处,于是对沙利子说,指那清净佛法所在的山说:
‘‘Assamo sukato mayhaṃ, paṇṇasālā sumāpitā;
“这片密林之所令我安心,木屋之所令我安适;
Caṅkamaṃ tattha māpesiṃ, pañcadosavivajjita’’nti. –
在那里我测量了脚步,没有丝毫违犯戒律。”
Āha . Tattha sukato mayhanti sukato mayā. Paṇṇasālā sumāpitāti paṇṇacchadanasālāpi me sumāpitā ahosi.
释迦牟尼说:在此所谓安适者,是我自心安适也。称“木屋之所安适”,即是木房及其覆屋都使我心安适。
Pañcadosavivajjitanti pañcime caṅkamadosā nāma – thaddhavisamatā, antorukkhatā, gahanacchannatā, atisambādhatā, ativisālatāti. Thaddhavisamabhūmibhāgasmiñhi caṅkame caṅkamantassa pādā rujjanti, phoṭā uṭṭhahanti, cittaṃ ekaggaṃ na labhati, kammaṭṭhānaṃ vipajjati. Mudusamatale pana phāsuvihāraṃ āgamma kammaṭṭhānaṃ sampajjati. Tasmā thaddhavisamabhūmibhāgatā eko dosoti veditabbo. Caṅkamassa anto vā majjhe vā koṭiyaṃ vā rukkhe sati pamādamāgamma caṅkamantassa nalāṭaṃ vā sīsaṃ vā paṭihaññatīti antorukkhatā dutiyo doso. Tiṇalatādigahanacchanne caṅkame caṅkamanto andhakāravelāyaṃ uragādike pāṇe akkamitvā vā māreti, tehi vā daṭṭho dukkhaṃ āpajjatīti gahanacchannatā tatiyo doso. Atisambādhe caṅkame vitthārato ratanike vā aḍḍharatanike vā caṅkamantassa paricchede pakkhalitvā nakhāpi aṅguliyopi bhijjantīti atisambādhatā catuttho doso. Ativisāle caṅkame caṅkamantassa cittaṃ vidhāvati, ekaggataṃ na labhatīti ativisālatā pañcamo doso. Puthulato pana diyaḍḍharatanaṃ dvīsu passesu ratanamattaanucaṅkamaṃ dīghato saṭṭhihatthaṃ mudutalaṃ samavippakiṇṇavālukaṃ caṅkamaṃ vaṭṭati cetiyagirimhi dīpappasādakamahindattherassa caṅkamanaṃ viya, tādisaṃ taṃ ahosi. Tenāha ‘‘caṅkamaṃ tattha māpesiṃ, pañcadosavivajjita’’nti.
所谓五种行足之病者,是指行走时所生之五种病。此五者为:站立不稳、内心摇动、深秘隐藏、过度散乱、过于宽大。所谓站立不稳,乃指在行走时,行者足部受苦,裂开出血,心难专注,修习场所生变。若心境柔和,则可安然活动,修行顺畅。因此此五种病中,站立不稳被视为第一病。至于内心摇动,谓行走时若心在外边、中间或边缘树木处生懈怠,行者头顶或头部受惩罚,故称内心摇动为第二病。深秘隐藏者,系指行者行至草丛等处,夜间如蛇等触及殛杀,导致苦痛,此为第三病。过度散乱者,是指行走时在宽广之宝地或半宝地处,其身体被划破,连指甲指头亦受伤害,故称为第四病。过于宽大者,谓行走时心乱散,难以专注,这为第五病。比如薄地上长有半宝石,有二股宝石体,长约六十肘,地平如细沙覆盖, resembling 某座佛刹中尊者马兴达那之道场,行走其上时便有此五种病。由此便称:“这里的行走患有五种病”。
Aṭṭhaguṇasamupetanti aṭṭhahi samaṇasukhehi upetaṃ. Aṭṭhimāni samaṇasukhāni nāma – dhanadhaññapariggahābhāvo, anavajjapiṇḍapātapariyesanabhāvo, nibbutapiṇḍapātabhuñjanabhāvo, raṭṭhaṃ pīḷetvā dhanasāraṃ vā sīsakahāpaṇādīni vā gaṇhantesu rājakulesu raṭṭhapīḷanakilesābhāvo, upakaraṇesu nicchandarāgabhāvo, coravilope nibbhayabhāvo, rājarājamahāmattehi asaṃsaṭṭhabhāvo, catūsu disāsu appaṭihatabhāvoti. Idaṃ vuttaṃ hoti – yathā tasmiṃ assame vasantena sakkā honti imāni aṭṭha samaṇasukhāni vindituṃ, evaṃ aṭṭhaguṇasamupetaṃ taṃ assamaṃ māpesinti.
所谓八种行者之乐,指行者由八种安乐而得。此八种安乐为:无财物积聚、无陋劣乞食束缚、得解脱之乞食、无遭国难扰乱财物及首饰等、无对器物生起贪爱、无畏盗贼、无遭大国统治干扰、在四方无敌害。这即有言:如人在阿迦帝国时可得此八种安乐,行者若具此八种安乐,即得是积聚。
Abhiññābalamāharinti pacchā tasmiṃ assame vasanto kasiṇaparikammaṃ katvā abhiññānaṃ samāpattīnañca uppādanatthāya aniccato dukkhato vipassanaṃ ārabhitvā thāmappattaṃ vipassanābalaṃ āhariṃ. Yathā tasmiṃ vasanto taṃ balaṃ āharituṃ sakkomi, evaṃ taṃ assamaṃ tassa abhiññatthāya vipassanābalassa anucchavikaṃ katvā māpesinti attho.
所谓具足神通能力者,住于彼处,在此八种安乐之行处,施行持物观,起观无常苦灭之慧,修习观照而得坚固观慧之力。故此处之八种安乐,亦能助彼神通力之生起,遂命此处不宜毁坏。
Sāṭakaṃpajahiṃ tattha, navadosamupāgatanti etthāyaṃ anupubbikathā – tadā kira kuṭileṇacaṅkamādipaṭimaṇḍitaṃ pupphūpagaphalūpagarukkhasañchannaṃ ramaṇīyaṃ madhurasalilāsayaṃ apagatavāḷamigabhiṃsanakasakuṇaṃ pavivekakkhamaṃ assamaṃ māpetvā alaṅkatacaṅkamassa ubhosu antesu ālambanaphalakaṃ saṃvidhāya nisīdanatthāya caṅkamavemajjhe samatalaṃ muggavaṇṇasilaṃ māpetvā antopaṇṇasālāyaṃ jaṭāmaṇḍalavākacīratidaṇḍakuṇḍikādike tāpasaparikkhāre, maṇḍape pānīyaghaṭapānīyasaṅkhapānīyasarāvāni, aggisālāyaṃ aṅgārakapalladāruādīnīti evaṃ yaṃ yaṃ pabbajitānaṃ upakārāya saṃvattati, taṃ taṃ sabbaṃ māpetvā paṇṇasālāya bhittiyaṃ ‘‘ye keci pabbajitukāmā ime parikkhāre gahetvā pabbajantū’’ti akkharāni chinditvā devalokameva gate vissakammadevaputte sumedhapaṇḍito himavantapabbatapāde girikandarānusārena attano nivāsānurūpaṃ phāsukaṭṭhānaṃ olokento nadīnivattane vissakammanimmitaṃ sakkadattiyaṃ ramaṇīyaṃ assamaṃ disvā caṅkamanakoṭiṃ gantvā padavalañjaṃ apassanto ‘‘dhuvaṃ pabbajitā dhuragāme bhikkhaṃ pariyesitvā kilantarūpā āgantvā paṇṇasālaṃ pavisitvā nisinnā bhavissantī’’ti cintetvā thokaṃ āgametvā ‘‘ativiya cirāyanti, jānissāmī’’ti paṇṇāsālākuṭidvāraṃ vivaritvā anto pavisitvā ito cito ca olokento mahābhittiyaṃ akkharāni vācetvā ‘‘mayhaṃ kappiyaparikkhārā ete, ime gahetvā pabbajissāmī’’ti attano nivatthapārutaṃ sāṭakayugaṃ pajahi. Tenāha ‘‘sāṭakaṃ pajahiṃ tatthā’’ti. Evaṃ paviṭṭho ahaṃ, sāriputta, tassaṃ paṇṇasālāyaṃ sāṭakaṃ pajahiṃ.
当时行者舍弃颤栗之地,因见不正行及诸恶病苦之缘,乃远离曲折行走栖息之地,此地布满花木果实及大树荫蔽,环境雅致甘露水清凉,遍布猛兽及禽鸟难以侵扰,安静独处,恰似一圣林。建有凉亭及供水壶、饮水器具及排水设施,附近设有火炉及柴薪等,利用此地供诸出家人修习。安置涂金木柱为依托,建树遮顶木屋,供出家人乐住。设定规矩,如有欲出家者,可迎接入门。此地乃仙界所见,得以胜妙,其观胜于世间。行者视察此地河流环绕,繁花缤纷,如神祇所设,谓此处正适合僧侣住持。由此便舍弃颤栗之地。
Navadosamupāgatanti sāṭakaṃ pajahanto nava dose disvā pajahinti dīpeti. Tāpasapabbajjaṃ pabbajitānañhi sāṭakasmiṃ nava dosā upaṭṭhahanti. Tesu tassa mahagghabhāvo eko doso, parapaṭibaddhatāya uppajjanabhāvo eko, paribhogena lahuṃ kilissanabhāvo eko. Kiliṭṭho hi dhovitabbo ca rajitabbo ca hoti. Paribhogena jīraṇabhāvo eko. Jiṇṇassa hi tunnaṃ vā aggaḷadānaṃ vā kātabbaṃ hoti . Puna pariyesanāya durabhisambhavabhāvo eko, tāpasapabbajjāya asāruppabhāvo eko, paccatthikānaṃ sādhāraṇabhāvo eko. Yathā hi naṃ paccatthikā na gaṇhanti, evaṃ gopetabbo hoti. Paribhuñjantassa vibhūsanaṭṭhānabhāvo eko, gahetvā vicarantassa khandhabhāramahicchabhāvo ekoti.
所谓新病现起者,乃指八种安乐场中行者舍弃颤栗地后见九种疾病。修行出家人原有颤栗地为住之所,但舍弃之时,出现九种疾病。其一为大团邪恶现行,其二为受他人约束所生之病,其三为因过度使用致微弱之病,其四为病久未愈,需服药治疗之病,其五为难以治愈之病,其六为不纯正之病,其七为后续病变之病,其八为入出家门槛病,其九为其它恶习等病。这些病均需谨慎应对,不可疏忽。行者须切实持守,勿致败坏。
Vākacīraṃ nivāsesinti tadāhaṃ, sāriputta, ime nava dose disvā sāṭakaṃ pahāya vākacīraṃ nivāsesiṃ, muñjatiṇaṃ hīraṃ hīraṃ katvā ganthetvā katavākacīraṃ nivāsanapārupanatthāya ādiyinti attho.
于是我舍弃颤栗地,见此九种病,遂弃颤栗而居于凉亭。于凉亭中以珠宝装饰,修筑饮水用具,方便居住。此为适宜凉亭之设,为护持出家人用,方便饮食及日常生活所需。
Dvādasaguṇamupāgatanti dvādasahi ānisaṃsehi samannāgataṃ. Vākacīrasmiñhi dvādasa ānisaṃsā – appagghaṃ sundaraṃ kappiyanti ayaṃ tāva eko ānisaṃso, sahatthā kātuṃ sakkāti ayaṃ dutiyo, paribhogena saṇikaṃ kilissati, dhoviyamānepi papañco natthīti ayaṃ tatiyo, paribhogena jiṇṇepi sibbitabbābhāvo catuttho, puna pariyesantassa sukhena karaṇabhāvo pañcamo, tāpasapabbajjāya sāruppabhāvo chaṭṭho, paccatthikānaṃ nirupabhogabhāvo sattamo, paribhuñjantassa vibhūsanaṭṭhānābhāvo aṭṭhamo, dhāraṇe sallahukabhāvo navamo, cīvarapaccaye appicchabhāvo dasamo, vākuppattiyā dhammikaanavajjabhāvo ekādasamo, vākacīre naṭṭhepi anapekkhabhāvo dvādasamoti.
『十二种缘具来临』者,应是依十二因缘具足而成。于衣服上所谓的十二缘具,有十二种因缘——第一为缝合平顺美好,此为单缘,能亲自为之;第二为穿用时不坏,第三为使用时不被污秽,即使洗涤亦不生杂染,此为第三缘;第四为使用年久却不生裂缝,第五为寻觅时使人舒适感生,第六为出家苦行时之相类和谐,第七为后用时不致耗尽,第八为穿用者无饰物之碍,第九为持用时轻便,第十为衣料取用时不宜过求,第十一为衣服成形后虽有残缺却不妨衣体,第十二为衣服虽破损仍不必顾虑,即此为十二缘具。
Aṭṭhadosasamākiṇṇaṃ, pajahiṃ paṇṇasālakanti. Kathaṃ pajahi? So kira varasāṭakayugaṃ omuñcitvā cīvaravaṃse laggitaṃ anojapupphadāmasadisaṃ rattaṃ vākacīraṃ gahetvā nivāsetvā, tassūpari aparaṃ suvaṇṇavaṇṇaṃ vākacīraṃ paridahitvā, punnāgapupphasantharasadisaṃ sakhuraṃ ajinacammaṃ ekaṃsaṃ katvā jaṭāmaṇḍalaṃ paṭimuñcitvā cūḷāya saddhiṃ niccalabhāvakaraṇatthaṃ sārasūciṃ pavesetvā muttajālasadisāya sikkāya pavāḷavaṇṇaṃ kuṇḍikaṃ odahitvā tīsu ṭhānesu vaṅkakājaṃ ādāya ekissā kājakoṭiyā kuṇḍikaṃ, ekissā aṅkusapacchitidaṇḍakādīni olaggetvā khāribhāraṃ aṃse katvā, dakkhiṇena hatthena kattaradaṇḍaṃ gahetvā paṇṇasālato nikkhamitvā saṭṭhihatthe mahācaṅkame aparāparaṃ caṅkamanto attano vesaṃ oloketvā – ‘‘mayhaṃ manoratho matthakaṃ patto, sobhati vata me pabbajjā, buddhapaccekabuddhādīhi sabbehi dhīrapurisehi vaṇṇitā thomitā ayaṃ pabbajjā nāma, pahīnaṃ me gihibandhanaṃ, nikkhantosmi nekkhammaṃ, laddhā me uttamapabbajjā, karissāmi samaṇadhammaṃ, labhissāmi maggaphalasukha’’nti ussāhajāto khārikājaṃ otāretvā caṅkamavemajjhe muggavaṇṇasilāpaṭṭe suvaṇṇapaṭimā viya nisinno divasabhāgaṃ vītināmetvā sāyanhasamayaṃ paṇṇasālaṃ pavisitvā, bidalamañcakapasse kaṭṭhattharikāya nipanno sarīraṃ utuṃ gāhāpetvā, balavapaccūse pabujjhitvā attano āgamanaṃ āvajjesi ‘‘ahaṃ gharāvāse ādīnavaṃ disvā amitabhogaṃ anantayasaṃ pahāya araññaṃ pavisitvā nekkhammagavesako hutvā pabbajito, ito dāni paṭṭhāya pamādacāraṃ carituṃ na vaṭṭati.
集齐了十二缘具之后,于舍宅处实施放弃。如何放弃?其人先松开粗棕织成的衣带,带着缝制细致、色泽如清凉花朵般鲜红的衣服,将其披挂身上,涂抹另一件如黄金般亮色衣物,于周围如清香莲花般的细软皮网上,单侧作出结,解开发髻用以固定,插上如梭针的带绳,于三处用弯钩作业,在一处置放容器,于一处放置钩杖及杖棒,拿着用右手执法杖,从舍宅中出发,六十岁时迈大步前行,回看自身衣着,心中默念:“我已得成心愿,出家殊胜之道美哉!此出家由佛陀及辟支佛等诸贤大德称赞,我已断除家缚,出离世俗,得正出家,将行沙门之道,得道果乐。”其人由此振奋,拔出弯钩,行于路中央,如坐黄金宝座般休憩,昼夜度过,傍晚时分进入舍宅,卧于猫皮铺设之床,支撑身体以方便转动,发力自起,宣告自身归来:“我放弃了居家之利害,舍弃无量享乐,入森林作勤修出家者,从此后断弃迟慢懈怠,行正忘念。”
Pavivekañhi pahāya vicarantaṃ micchāvitakkamakkhikā khādanti, idāni mayā vivekamanubrūhetuṃ vaṭṭati. Ahañhi gharāvāsaṃ palibodhato disvā nikkhanto, ayañca manāpā paṇṇasālā, beluvapakkavaṇṇaparibhaṇḍakatā bhūmi, rajatavaṇṇā setabhittiyo, kapotapādavaṇṇaṃ paṇṇacchadanaṃ , vicittattharaṇavaṇṇo bidalamañcako, nivāsaphāsukaṃ vasanaṭṭhānaṃ, na etto atirekatarā viya me gehasampadā paññāyatī’’ti paṇṇasālāya dose vicinanto aṭṭha dose passi.
抛舍了出家所依住之处,而游走时却被错误念头的蚂蚁啃食。现在我该求得宁静寂静。吾人觉悟舍宅的危害而出离,此处取舍正是那用贝壳帘装点的舍宅,地面摆有淡黄色的沙土,银白色围墙,屋瓦如鸽脚色,屋顶布帘美丽,猫皮床安放处处俱全。不以过多为累,此乃吾人所赞叹之舍宅。细察舍宅有八种过失。
Paṇṇasālāparibhogasmiñhi aṭṭha ādīnavā – mahāsamārambhena dabbasambhāre samodhānetvā karaṇapariyesanabhāvo eko ādīnavo, tiṇapaṇṇamattikāsu patitāsu tāsaṃ punappunaṃ ṭhapetabbatāya nibandhajagganabhāvo dutiyo, senāsanaṃ nāma mahallakassa pāpuṇāti, avelāya vuṭṭhāpiyamānassa cittekaggatā na hotīti uṭṭhāpaniyabhāvo tatiyo, sītuṇhapaṭighātena kāyassa sukhumālakaraṇabhāvo catuttho, gehaṃ paviṭṭhena yaṃkiñci pāpaṃ sakkā kātunti garahāpaṭicchādanabhāvo pañcamo, ‘‘mayha’’nti pariggahakaraṇabhāvo chaṭṭho, gehassa atthibhāvo nāma sadutiyakavāsoti sattamo, ūkāmaṅgulagharagoḷikādīnaṃ sādhāraṇatāya bahusādhāraṇabhāvo aṭṭhamo. Iti ime aṭṭha ādīnave disvā mahāsatto paṇṇasālaṃ pajati. Tenāha ‘‘aṭṭhadosasamākiṇṇaṃ, pajahiṃ paṇṇasālaka’’nti.
在舍宅使用上有八般危害——第一,因大工事运筹导致厨房储藏翻动,所用器具难以处置,此为第一危害;第二,草料、树叶粘土等不断需补充,阻碍安稳,此为第二;第三,因烦躁而起身无定,不得安坐,此为第三危害;第四,寒冷及风打扰身躯,使身心不适舒适不足,此为第四;第五,进门后无不善行为难以行持,被遮蔽真相,此为第五;第六,对“我”的执着造成束缚,第七,舍宅利益与安乐难以显现,第八,诸如有虫蚁钢针等生害物频繁滋生乃为普通危害。观见这八种危害,大德即抛舍舍宅,宣言“集十二缘具,舍弃此宅。”
Upāgamiṃ rukkhamūlaṃ, guṇe dasahupāgatanti channaṃ paṭikkhipitvā dasahi guṇehi upetaṃ rukkhamūlaṃ upagatosmīti vadati. Tatrime dasa guṇā – appasamārambhatā eko guṇo, upagamanamattakameva hi tattha hoti; apaṭijagganatā dutiyo, tañhi sammaṭṭhampi asammaṭṭhampi paribhogaphāsukaṃ hotiyeva. Anuṭṭhāpariyabhāvo tatiyo, garahaṃ nappaṭicchādeti; tattha hi pāpaṃ karonto lajjatīti garahāya appaṭicchannabhāvo catuttho; abbhokāsavāso viya kāyaṃ na santhambhetīti kāyassa asanthambhanabhāvo pañcamo; pariggahakaraṇābhāvo chaṭṭho; gehālayapaṭikkhepo sattamo; bahusādhāraṇagehe viya ‘‘paṭijaggissāmi naṃ, nikkhamathā’’ti nīharaṇakābhāvo aṭṭhamo; vasantassa sappītikabhāvo navamo; rukkhamūlasenāsanassa gatagataṭṭhāne sulabhatāya anapekkhabhāvo dasamoti ime dasa guṇe disvā rukkhamūlaṃ upāgatosmīti vadati.
接近树根聚合而成,具备十种优点之树根来临,是去除遮盖物后,以十种优点装饰的树根聚合。从此说起十种优点:第一,远离烦恼起心,仅以适当程度聚合;第二,不易坍塌,能持久安住;第三,无碍携带且不遮盖身体,为行者所宜;第四,因携带遮盖体面,若犯恶则生惭愧,第五,似体内淫欲污浊不能凝聚之气消散;第六,无须依赖他物携带保障;第七,可脱离房舍之阻碍;第八,像普通房舍那样虽普遍但处处具足;第九,能抵御夏日苍蝇等之侵扰;第十,聚合之树根根基坚固牢靠,安稳无忧。识此十种优点,则谓树根聚合来临。
Imāni ettakāni kāraṇāni sallakkhetvā mahāsatto punadivase bhikkhāya gāmaṃ pāvisi. Athassa sampattagāme manussā mahantena ussāhena bhikkhaṃ adaṃsu. So bhattakiccaṃ niṭṭhāpetvā assamaṃ āgamma nisīditvā cintesi ‘‘nāhaṃ āhāraṃ na labhāmīti pabbajito, siniddhāhāro nāmesa mānamadapurisamade vaḍḍheti, āhāramūlakassa ca dukkhassa anto natthi. Yaṃnūnāhaṃ vāpitaropitadhaññanibbattaṃ āhāraṃ pajahitvā pavattaphalabhojano bhaveyya’’nti. So tato ṭṭhāya tathā katvā ghaṭento vāyamanto sattāhabbhantareyeva aṭṭha samāpattiyo pañca abhiññāyo ca nibbattesi. Tena vuttaṃ –
辨识诸多因缘后,大德翌日进入比库村庄。村中人以极大热诚乞食。完成布施后静坐沉思:“我出家已断食欲,今非为求食,断除饮食即证无所取,如是则断除世间之苦终。我若舍弃以酒为媒介种种食物,必得出离果乐。”于是在同一处,自制陶器努力修持,仅七天即获八种禅定成就及五种神通。据此经诵称曰——
‘‘Vāpitaṃ ropitaṃ dhaññaṃ, pajahiṃ niravasesato;
『浸湿的、栽种的谷物,请舍弃无收割之处;』
Anekaguṇasampannaṃ, pavattaphalamādiyiṃ.
『具多种功德者,首发运行之果实。』
‘‘Tatthappadhānaṃ padahiṃ, nisajjaṭṭhānacaṅkame;
『在那里,坐下而做准备,不能随意游走;』
Abbhantaramhi sattāhe, abhiññābalapāpuṇi’’nti.
『在内在七年中,获得了三明和力量。』
Evaṃ abhiññābalaṃ patvā sumedhatāpase samāpattisukhena vītināmente dīpaṅkaro nāma satthā loke udapādi. Tassa paṭisandhijātisambodhidhammacakkappavattanesu sakalāpi dasasahassī lokadhātu saṃkampi sampakampi sampavedhi, mahāviravaṃ viravi, dvattiṃsa pubbanimittāni pāturahesuṃ. Sumedhatāpaso samāpattisukhena vītināmento neva taṃ saddamassosi, na tāni nimittāni addasa. Tena vuttaṃ –
于是,名为提婆迦罗的导师,依止正智火焰般的热诚,得到了三明和力量,心中安稳欢喜。在其再生和觉悟法轮初转时,感知到十万六千世界轮回界域的震动、震荡与震惊,并具备巨大能量感,领悟了二十三种前行相。依止正智火焰般的热诚而欢喜安适,内心安定,没有听到那个声音,也未见那等相状。因此说:
‘‘Evaṃ me siddhippattassa, vasībhūtassa sāsane;
『于我成就已获之境,已成为法中之主。』
Dīpaṅkaro nāma jino, uppajji lokanāyako.
有一位名为提婆迦罗的圣者诞生,为世间的救世主。
‘‘Uppajjante ca jāyante, bujjhante dhammadesane;
他以宣说正法而觉醒,诸众生因他而生、得生、觉悟。
Caturo nimitte nāddasaṃ, jhānaratisamappito’’ti.
他显现四种预兆,满怀禅悦欢喜。
Tasmiṃ kāle dīpaṅkaradasabalo catūhi khīṇāsavasatasahassehi parivuto anupubbena cārikaṃ caramāno rammaṃ nāma nagaraṃ patvā sudassanamahāvihāre paṭivasati. Rammanagaravāsino ‘‘dīpaṅkaro kira samaṇissaro paramātisambodhiṃ patvā pavattavaradhammacakko anupubbena cārikaṃ caramāno rammanagaraṃ patvā sudassanamahāvihāre paṭivasatī’’ti sutvā sappinavanītādīni ceva bhesajjāni vatthacchādanāni ca gāhāpetvā gandhamālādihatthā yena buddho, yena dhammo, yena saṅgho, tanninnā tappoṇā tappabbhārā hutvā satthāraṃ upasaṅkamitvā vanditvā gandhamālādīhi pūjetvā ekamantaṃ nisinnā dhammadesanaṃ sutvā svātanāya nimantetvā uṭṭhāyāsanā pakkamiṃsu.
当时,提婆迦罗如来驻于十方大力天众环绕,早晚行脚巡游。行至名为罗摩的城,住于善见寺中。罗摩城的人们闻说“提婆迦罗圣者是出世解脱者,已证究竟大觉,转动法轮,为利众生行脚至此城,住于善见寺。”遂持油、乳等供养,布施诸药物、衣物、香花等。以香花等礼敬佛、法、僧,去除因各种烦恼结集成的热毒重担,向师付礼,坐于一隅听法,安坐听法后,欢喜自赞,起身更换座位而去。
Te punadivase mahādānaṃ sajjetvā nagaraṃ alaṅkaritvā dasabalassa āgamanamaggaṃ alaṅkarontā udakabhinnaṭṭhānesu paṃsuṃ pakkhipitvā samaṃ bhūmitalaṃ katvā rajatapaṭṭavaṇṇaṃ vālukaṃ ākiranti, lājāni ceva pupphāni ca vikiranti, nānāvirāgehi vatthehi dhajapaṭāke ussāpenti, kadaliyo ceva puṇṇaghaṭapantiyo ca patiṭṭhāpenti. Tasmiṃ kāle sumedhatāpaso attano assamapadā uggantvā tesaṃ manussānaṃ uparibhāgena ākāsena gacchanto te haṭṭhatuṭṭhe manusse disvā ‘‘kiṃ nu kho kāraṇa’’nti ākāsato oruyha ekamantaṃ ṭhito manusse pucchi – ‘‘ambho kassa tumhe imaṃ maggaṃ alaṅkarothā’’ti? Tena vuttaṃ –
次日,众人大施供养,装饰城郭,营造十方大力众来之道。池水湿润废地上堆土整平,铺设银色帷幕覆盖黄沙,散布苇笠花卉,在各色丛林中悬挂旗帜,竖立香蕉、满罐等装饰物。时有智慧火禅者苏醒,升高其自己的超凡禅定,行于天际,俯视人间,见到此事,问身边天人:“这为何缘故?”随从答曰:
‘‘Paccantadesavisaye, nimantetvā tathāgataṃ;
“在西方诸国间,特地迎请如来至此。”
Tassa āgamanaṃ maggaṃ, sodhenti tuṭṭhamānasā.
对于世尊的到来,道路上欢喜称赞者众。
‘‘Ahaṃ tena samayena, nikkhamitvā sakassamā;
『我于那时离开家门,独自一人而行;
Dhunanto vākacīrāni, gacchāmi ambare tadā.
口中唱诵欢悦之语,行走于空旷之处。』
‘‘Vedajātaṃ janaṃ disvā, tuṭṭhahaṭṭhaṃ pamoditaṃ;
『见见闻如雷震般众生,欢喜雀跃,心意满足;
Orohitvāna gaganā, manusse pucchi tāvade.
登上天空而望人间,向人们反复询问。』
‘‘‘Tuṭṭhahaṭṭho pamudito, vedajāto mahājano;
『“他们是欢喜满足、欣愉欢悦的,所感知者皆广大无边众生;」
Kassa sodhīyati maggo, añjasaṃ vaṭumāyana’’’nti.
“谁来净化此道?是犀牛那样强而有力的。”
Manussā āhaṃsu ‘‘bhante sumedha, na tvaṃ jānāsi, dīpaṅkaradasabalo sammāsambodhiṃ patvā pavattitavaradhammacakko cārikaṃ caramāno amhākaṃ nagaraṃ patvā sudassanamahāvihāre paṭivasati. Mayaṃ taṃ bhagavantaṃ nimantayimhā, tassetaṃ buddhassa bhagavato āgamanamaggaṃ alaṅkaromā’’ti. Sumedhatāpaso cintesi – ‘‘buddhoti kho ghosamattakampi loke dullabhaṃ, pageva buddhuppādo, mayāpi imehi manussehi saddhiṃ dasabalassa maggaṃ alaṅkarituṃ vaṭṭatī’’ti. So te manusse āha – ‘‘sace bho tumhe etaṃ maggaṃ buddhassa alaṅkarotha, mayhampi ekaṃ okāsaṃ detha, ahampi tumhehi saddhiṃ maggaṃ alaṅkarissāmī’’ti. Te ‘‘sādhū’’ti sampaṭicchitvā ‘‘sumedhatāpaso iddhimā’’ti jānantā udakabhinnokāsaṃ sallakkhetvā ‘‘tvaṃ imaṃ ṭhānaṃ alaṅkarohī’’ti adaṃsu. Sumedho buddhārammaṇaṃ pītiṃ gahetvā cintesi ‘‘ahaṃ imaṃ okāsaṃ iddhiyā alaṅkarituṃ sakkomi, evaṃ alaṅkato pana mama manaṃ na paritosessati, ajja mayā kāyaveyyāvaccaṃ kātuṃ vaṭṭatī’’ti paṃsuṃ āharitvā tasmiṃ padese pakkhipi.
世人对长者说:“尊者苏摩陀,你不知道,称为灯明的果德玛,凭十力正觉者,转动无上圣法轮,周行其道。他降临我们的城池,住于清净庄严的大寺院。我们邀请那位世尊来到此地,装饰他来世间的道路。”苏摩陀心念思惟:“‘佛陀’这一庄严称号,世间难得闻见。佛陀出世本已稀有,我亦应与这些人一道装饰这十力之道。”于是他对世人道:“如果你们装饰此佛道,赐我一时机,我也将与你们一同装饰这道路。”世人欣然称善,称赞苏摩陀有神通,选定水质不同的时机,叮嘱他:“你当装饰此地。”苏摩陀以欣喜心接受佛陀形像,思惟道:“我今能以神通装饰此处,然此装饰反倒不会令我心满意足,今日当施行身形苍白修行。”遂取尘土于彼处,投掷于地。
Tassa tasmiṃ padese analaṅkateyeva dīpaṅkaro dasabalo mahānubhāvānaṃ chaḷabhiññānaṃ khīṇāsavānaṃ catūhi satasahassehi parivuto devatāsu dibbagandhamālādīhi pūjayantīsu dibbasaṅgītesu pavattantesu manussesu mānusakagandhehi ceva mālādīhi ca pūjayantesu anantāya buddhalīḷāya manosilātale vijambhamāno sīho viya taṃ alaṅkatapaṭiyattaṃ maggaṃ paṭipajji. Sumedhatāpaso akkhīni ummīletvā alaṅkatamaggena āgacchantassa dasabalassa dvattiṃsamahāpurisalakkhaṇapaṭimaṇḍitaṃ asītiyā anubyañjanehi anurañjitaṃ byāmappabhāya samparivāritaṃ maṇivaṇṇagaganatale nānappakārā vijjulatā viya āveḷāveḷabhūtā ceva yugalayugalabhūtā ca chabbaṇṇaghanabuddharasmiyo vissajjentaṃ rūpaggappattaṃ attabhāvaṃ oloketvā ‘‘ajja mayā dasabalassa jīvitapariccāgaṃ kātuṃ vaṭṭati, mā bhagavā kalalaṃ akkami, maṇiphalakasetuṃ pana akkamanto viya saddhiṃ catūhi khīṇāsavasatasahassehi mama piṭṭhiṃ maddamāno gacchatu, taṃ me bhavissati dīgharattaṃ hitāya sukhāyā’’ti kese mocetvā ajinacammajaṭāmaṇḍalavākacīrāni kāḷavaṇṇe kalale pattharitvā maṇiphalakasetu viya kalalapiṭṭhe nipajji. Tena vuttaṃ –
在此处未装饰时,灯明果德玛,乃十力大圣,广博神通,已断烦恼,周游其道。其周行时,有天人献上天香花环,奏天乐。人众则以世间芬香花环供养他。灯明佛陀观赏这无量妙境,以狮子般意志行持装饰之道。苏摩陀长者展开双眼,目睹这被装饰的道路;道路上装饰着辉煌金色珠宝,由二十二大圣人与八宝装点,呈现灰蓝色辉光,如天空般广阔,显现多种形态,交织相间,色彩厚重,熠熠生辉。洞察这一庄严形相,他念:“今日我当为十力佛陀奉献生命,愿世尊不受后悔。我虽不可造梦幻桥,愿依众圣已断烦恼百千与我共进此路,使我得长久利益与安乐。”即解开头发,脱去由生象皮制成的绳索,穿上黑色衣袍,伏地如覆梦幻桥之桥面。传言如是:
‘‘Te me puṭṭhā viyākaṃsu, ‘buddho loke anuttaro;
“众人问我:‘佛陀乃世间无上者;
Dīpaṅkaro nāma jino, uppajji lokanāyako;
名为灯明的圣者,是觉者,世间领导;
Tassa sodhīyati maggo, añjasaṃ vaṭumāyanaṃ’.
谁净化此道?是如犀牛那样的强者。”
‘‘Buddhoti mama sutvāna, pīti uppajji tāvade;
听闻“佛陀”二字时,喜悦之心立即生起。
Buddho buddhoti kathayanto, somanassaṃ pavedayiṃ.
称“佛陀,佛陀”时,便能使心神欢愉。
‘‘Tattha ṭhatvā vicintesiṃ, tuṭṭho saṃviggamānaso;
在彼处伫立,心满意足而身怀不安地思维,
‘Idha bījāni ropissaṃ, khaṇo eva mā upaccagā’.
‘我今应播种种子,时机一到切莫稍缓’。
‘‘Yadi buddhassa sodhetha, ekokāsaṃ dadātha me;
若佛陀净洁无垢,愿垂顾我空寂之躯;
Ahampi sodhayissāmi, añjasaṃ vaṭumāyanaṃ.
我亦当净化自身,如同捣磨湿透的棉麻。
‘‘Adaṃsu te mamokāsaṃ, sodhetuṃ añjasaṃ tadā;
『那时,为了清净我心中的烦恼,达到安宁,』
Buddho buddhoti cintento, maggaṃ sodhemahaṃ tadā.
『正思维“佛是佛”,我要证悟道果。」』
‘‘Aniṭṭhite mamokāse, dīpaṅkaro mahāmuni;
『在我心中烦恼未灭时,伟大圣者如大光明火,』
Catūhi satasahassehi, chaḷabhiññehi tādihi;
『具足四百千人,具六种神通如是众多,』
Khīṇāsavehi vimalehi, paṭipajji añjasaṃ jino.
『烦恼断尽清净者,自行证得安宁的尊者。』
‘‘Paccuggamanā vattanti, vajjanti bheriyo bahū;
『诸多猛虎正欲向前冲击,纷纷咆哮。』
Āmoditā naramarū, sādhukāraṃ pavattayuṃ.
人形庄严欢喜,善作业兴起。
‘‘Devā manusse passanti, manussāpi ca devatā;
天与人相互观望,人亦观望天。
Ubhopi te pañjalikā, anuyanti tathāgataṃ.
双方合掌致敬,随顺于如来。
‘‘Devā dibbehi turiyehi, manussā mānusehi ca;
天界有三十三天,人界亦有人类;
Ubhopi te vajjayantā, anuyanti tathāgataṃ.
双方相敬如宾,一同随顺如来。
‘‘Dibbaṃ mandāravaṃ pupphaṃ, padumaṃ pārichattakaṃ;
天上曼陀罗花,莲花与伞盖。
Disodisaṃ okiranti, ākāsanabhagatā marū.
空行者伴随风来吹动东西二方者,行于空中者也。
‘‘Campakaṃ salalaṃ nīpaṃ, nāgapunnāgaketakaṃ;
香木木犀山谷野间,有如真龙与偃松之处;
Disodisaṃ ukkhipanti, bhūmitalagatā narā.
人间居住于地上者,东方风吹拂而起也。
‘‘Kese muñcitvāhaṃ tattha, vākacīrañca cammakaṃ;
我离厄运而去,携带着话语与皮革;
Kalale pattharitvāna, avakujjo nipajjahaṃ.
沿河而行,远离障碍躬身行进。
‘‘Akkamitvāna maṃ buddho, saha sissehi gacchatu;
佛与弟子同行,护持我同行而去。
Mā naṃ kalale akkamittho, hitāya me bhavissatī’’ti.
不要因我遭逢逆境而怀有仇恨,他日定当有益于我。
So kalalapiṭṭhe nipannakova puna akkhīni ummīletvā dīpaṅkaradasabalassa buddhasiriṃ sampassamāno evaṃ cintesi – ‘‘sacāhaṃ iccheyyaṃ, sabbakilese jhāpetvā saṅghanavako hutvā rammanagaraṃ paviseyyaṃ. Aññātakavesena pana me kilese jhāpetvā nibbānappattiyā kiccaṃ natthi. Yaṃnūnāhaṃ dīpaṅkaradasabalo viya paramābhisambodhiṃ patvā dhammanāvaṃ āropetvā mahājanaṃ saṃsārasāgarā uttāretvā pacchā parinibbāyeyyaṃ, idaṃ mayhaṃ patirūpa’’nti. Tato aṭṭha dhamme samodhānetvā buddhabhāvāya abhinīhāraṃ katvā nipajji. Tena vuttaṃ –
彼时他如同跌入泥沼一般,睁开眼睛望见了曾经为众生授记的佛陀——提婆达多长者如此思惟:『若我愿意,摒弃一切烦恼,成为僧团的长老,进入安乐之城;但若以陌生徒众的身份,去净除烦恼而达于涅槃,则无其他使命。既然我能如提婆达多长者般,获得最高正觉,承担弘法的重任,度脱众生于轮回之海,最后成就般涅槃,这就是我的本愿。』于是他观察八法,起发佛心而合掌伏地。因而有言——
‘‘Pathaviyaṃ nipannassa, evaṃ me āsi cetaso;
「身陷泥土之中,我心便是如此觉受;
‘Icchamāno ahaṃ ajja, kilese jhāpaye mama.
今日我立志,欲破除我的烦恼。
‘Kiṃ me aññātavesena, dhammaṃ sacchikatenidha;
倘若以陌生徒众之身,真切证得法义,
Sabbaññutaṃ pāpuṇitvā, buddho hessaṃ sadevake.
超越一切无明,我将成为诸天弟子中之佛。」
‘Kiṃ me ekena tiṇṇena, purisena thāmadassinā;
『什么因缘使得我,藉由一位极有智慧的男子服饰简朴、严持戒律;』
Sabbaññutaṃ pāpuṇitvā, santāressaṃ sadevake.
『得以尽得圆满清净,度脱苦难,安住于圣弟子和诸天众中?』
‘Iminā me adhikārena, katena purisuttame;
『正由此缘故,透过我的权柄和智慧,见到此最优男子,』
Sabbaññutaṃ pāpuṇitvā, tāremi janataṃ bahuṃ.
『我得以至完全圆满,度化广大众生离苦得乐。』
‘Saṃsārasotaṃ chinditvā, viddhaṃsetvā tayo bhave;
『他已断绝轮回苦流,洞彻三界真理,』
Dhammanāvaṃ samāruyha, santāressaṃ sadevake’’’ti. (bu. vaṃ. 2.54-58);
『以法正道引领,安住于圣弟子及诸天之中。』
Yasmā pana buddhattaṃ patthentassa –
由此,对于修习成佛之道者,
‘‘Manussattaṃ liṅgasampatti, hetu satthāradassanaṃ;
『人身为具备诸因缘之标志,亦是证得佛法觉知的根本;
Pabbajjā guṇasampatti, adhikāro ca chandatā;
出家乃具足善根与资质,且有充分之资格和愿力;
Aṭṭhadhammasamodhānā, abhinīhāro samijjhatī’’ti. (bu. vaṃ. 2.59);
能成就八正道之总持,遂于精进行持上深具坚定』。
Manussattabhāvasmiṃyeva hi ṭhatvā buddhattaṃ patthentassa patthanā samijjhati, na nāgassa vā supaṇṇassa vā devatāya vā patthanā samijjhati. Manussattabhāvepi purisaliṅge ṭhitasseva patthanā samijjhati, na itthiyā vā paṇḍakanapuṃsakaubhatobyañjanakānaṃ vā patthanā samijjhati. Purisassāpi tasmiṃ attabhāve arahattappattiyā hetusampannasseva patthanā samijjhati, no itarassa. Hetusampannassāpi jīvamānakabuddhasseva santike patthentassa patthanā samijjhati, parinibbute buddhe cetiyasantike vā bodhimūle vā patthentassa na samijjhati. Buddhānaṃ santike patthentassāpi pabbajjāliṅge ṭhitasseva samijjhati, no gihiliṅge ṭhitassa. Pabbajitassāpi pañcābhiññassa aṭṭhasamāpattilābhinoyeva samijjhati, na imāya guṇasampattiyā virahitassa. Guṇasampannenāpi yena attano jīvitaṃ buddhānaṃ pariccattaṃ hoti, tassa iminā adhikārena adhikārasampannasseva samijjhati, na itarassa. Adhikārasampannassāpi yassa buddhakārakadhammānaṃ atthāya mahanto chando ca ussāho ca vāyāmo ca pariyeṭṭhi ca, tasseva samijjhati, na itarassa.
在人的身份之中,正是立定于其中的修习成佛之念生起,而非在龙族、金翅鸟或天人等中生起。且在人的身份中,只有作为男人的身分,修习成佛之念才能生起,非女人、阴阳两性杂合之类可也。且即使是男人,惟有在已具备阿拉汉果得证之生命状态者,修成佛念生起,不是其他状态者。又即便是具足因缘的在生佛陀面前修习者,其念头生起;而在已涅槃佛陀之舍利或菩提树下修习者,则不得此念。即使在佛前修习,惟有身为出家人形相者念起,非居家人。出家人当具足五种全通六神通及八种圆满成就,而不得因无此功德所致修成佛念。具足功德者,能令自身生命依托佛陀教法,故具资格;非具资格者不能。具资格者,其所有令佛陀成就之大因缘,以及广大愿心、精进、努力与周全为念者,当修习佛念;非其他者。
Tatridaṃ chandamahantatāya opammaṃ – sace hi evamassa ‘‘yo sakalacakkavāḷagabbhaṃ ekodakībhūtaṃ attano bāhubalena uttaritvā pāraṃ gantuṃ samattho , so buddhattaṃ pāpuṇāti. Yo vā pana sakalacakkavāḷagabbhaṃ veḷugumbasañchannaṃ byūhitvā madditvā padasā gacchanto pāraṃ gantuṃ samattho, so buddhattaṃ pāpuṇāti. Yo vā pana sakalacakkavāḷagabbhaṃ sattiyo ākoṭetvā nirantaraṃ sattiphalasamākiṇṇaṃ padasā akkamamāno pāraṃ gantuṃ samattho, so buddhattaṃ pāpuṇāti. Yo vā pana sakalacakkavāḷagabbhaṃ vītaccitaṅgārabharitaṃ pādehi maddamāno pāraṃ gantuṃ samattho, so buddhattaṃ pāpuṇātī’’ti. Yo etesu ekampi attano dukkaraṃ na maññati, ‘‘ahaṃ etampi taritvā vā gantvā vā pāraṃ gahessāmī’’ti evaṃ mahantena chandena ca ussāhena ca vāyāmena ca pariyeṭṭhiyā ca samannāgato hoti, tassa patthanā samijjhati, na itarassa. Sumedhatāpaso pana ime aṭṭha dhamme samodhānetvā buddhabhāvāya abhinīhāraṃ katvā nipajji.
其中以巨大愿心喻示,如彼:若有某人能以臂力超越整个轮回世界,顺利抵达彼岸,则得成佛果。或有人以双足踩踏且推动被沙尘遮蔽的整个轮回世界,顺利去彼岸,亦得成佛果。或有人牵引被犯众所染污的轮回世界,持续前进而到彼岸,也是成佛。又或有人以脚踏燃烈火的轮回世界,顺利通过彼岸而得成佛。若此等任何一法彼自身不觉难,且信心坚固,具大愿力、热诚、努力及周全功德,自然生起成佛念;非其他。智慧如炬者,度此八法后,成佛心念由此坚定而发,遂潜心专注。
Dīpaṅkaropi bhagavā āgantvā sumedhatāpasassa sīsabhāge ṭhatvā maṇisīhapañjaraṃ ugghāṭento viya pañcavaṇṇappasādasampannāni akkhīni ummīletvā kalalapiṭṭhe nipannaṃ sumedhatāpasaṃ disvā ‘‘ayaṃ tāpaso buddhattāya abhinīhāraṃ katvā nipanno, ijjhissati nu kho imassa patthanā, udāhu no’’ti anāgataṃsañāṇaṃ pesetvā upadhārento ‘‘ito kappasatasahassādhikāni cattāri asaṅkhyeyyāni atikkamitvā gotamo nāma buddho bhavissatī’’ti ñatvā ṭhitakova parisamajjhe byākāsi – ‘‘passatha no tumhe imaṃ uggatapaṃ tāpasaṃ kalalapiṭṭhe nipanna’’nti? ‘‘Evaṃ, bhante’’ti. ‘‘Ayaṃ buddhattāya abhinīhāraṃ katvā nipanno, samijjhissati imassa patthanā, ito kappasatasahassādhikānaṃ catunnaṃ asaṅkhyeyyānaṃ matthake gotamo nāma buddho bhavissati. Tasmiṃ panassa attabhāve kapilavatthu nāma nagaraṃ nivāso bhavissati, māyā nāma devī mātā, suddhodano nāma rājā pitā, aggasāvako upatisso nāma thero, dutiyasāvako kolito nāma, buddhupaṭṭhāko ānando nāma, aggasāvikā khemā nāma therī, dutiyasāvikā uppalavaṇṇā nāma therī bhavissati, paripakkañāṇo mahābhinikkhamanaṃ katvā mahāpadhānaṃ padahitvā nigrodhamūle pāyāsaṃ paṭiggahetvā nerañjarāya tīre paribhuñjitvā bodhimaṇḍaṃ āruyha assattharukkhamūle abhisambujjhissatī’’ti. Tena vuttaṃ –
世尊迪帕迦来到后,立于须弥山头,犹如开启宝狮笼,目开睁现五色光辉,见到跪伏在地的苏美达那尊苦行者,说:『此人已为成佛之道而修苦行如法终止,汝们可曾愿意随其根本努力?』又遣人托梦预言未来,告知:『距此已逾千万亿劫,定有一名果德玛者成佛。』众弟子如实答应。世尊如已确知,庄严地宣说说:『此人苦行成佛之道已终,将于无数千万劫后,生于迦毗罗卫城,母曰摩耶,父曰须达多王,尊师曰上座途迦,第二师名拘梨多,护法为阿难,长女为迦摩,次女为优波罗那。彼成佛时,证得大智慧,履行大弘誓,在尼兰伽罗江岸,菩提树下,入定成道。』于是述说完毕。
‘‘Dīpaṅkaro lokavidū, āhutīnaṃ paṭiggaho;
迪帕迦,众生的智者,领受供养。
Ussīsake maṃ ṭhatvāna, idaṃ vacanamabravi.
他站于须弥山顶,对我说此话。
‘Passatha imaṃ tāpasaṃ, jaṭilaṃ uggatāpanaṃ;
“看这苦行者,修行艰难发心苦行。
Aparimeyye ito kappe, buddho loke bhavissati.
将在无量无边的未来劫中,成为世间的佛。
‘Ahu kapilavhayā rammā, nikkhamitvā tathāgato;
他乐游于迦毗罗卫,证得如来道业;
Padhānaṃ padahitvāna, katvā dukkarakārikaṃ.
努力如法地勤修,成就艰难之行。
‘Ajapālarukkhamūle, nisīditvā tathāgato;
于天王树根之下,如来端坐。
Tattha pāyāsaṃ paggayha, nerañjaramupehiti.
取来乳糜饮食,奉献天王树。
‘Nerañjarāya tīramhi, pāyāsaṃ ada so jino;
在天王树岸旁,世尊饮乳糜。
Paṭiyattavaramaggena, bodhimūlamūpehiti.
以专注坚定的正道,供养觉道之处。
‘Tato padakkhiṇaṃ katvā, bodhimaṇḍaṃ anuttaro;
之后行绕佛座,至无上觉坛。
Assattharukkhamūlamhi, bujjhissati mahāyaso.
师长将于无上正理中觉悟,享有大名声。
‘Imassa janikā mātā, māyā nāma bhavissati;
‘此人之母,名为摩耶,将为其生育;
Pitā suddhodano nāma, ayaṃ hessati gotamo.
父名淑多达罗,此人将为果德玛。
‘Anāsavā vītarāgā, santacittā samāhitā;
‘无染污,远离贪欲,心安静且专注;
Kolito upatisso ca, aggā hessanti sāvakā;
哥利陀与乌帕提索,将成为弟子中上首;
Ānando nāmupaṭṭhāko, upaṭṭhissati taṃ jinaṃ.
喜悦名护持者,将侍奉此胜士。
‘Khemā uppalavaṇṇā ca, aggā hessanti sāvikā;
『俱摩伽与莺色莲华,以及最上者,皆为持戒沙门;','210':'无染着者,远离贪欲,心安定、专注;','211':'称宣此为世尊的觉悟』。
Anāsavā vītarāgā, santacittā samāhitā;
无漏、离贪者,心寂静、入定者;
Bodhi tassa bhagavato, assatthoti pavuccatī’’’ti.
彼世尊之菩提,称为阿沙他树(无忧树)。
Sumedhatāpaso ‘‘mayhaṃ kira patthanā samijjhissatī’’ti somanassappatto ahosi. Mahājano dīpaṅkaradasabalassa vacanaṃ sutvā ‘‘sumedhatāpaso kira buddhabījaṃ buddhaṅkuro’’ti haṭṭhatuṭṭho ahosi. Evañcassa ahosi ‘‘yathā nāma puriso nadiṃ taranto ujukena titthena uttarituṃ asakkonto heṭṭhātitthena uttarati, evameva mayampi dīpaṅkaradasabalassa sāsane maggaphalaṃ alabhamānā anāgate yadā tvaṃ buddho bhavissasi, tadā tava sammukhā maggaphalaṃ sacchikātuṃ samatthā bhaveyyāmā’’ti patthanaṃ ṭhapayiṃsu. Dīpaṅkaradasabalopi bodhisattaṃ pasaṃsitvā aṭṭhahi pupphamuṭṭhīhi pūjetvā padakkhiṇaṃ katvā pakkāmi, tepi catusatasahassasaṅkhā khīṇāsavā bodhisattaṃ gandhehi ca mālehi ca pūjetvā padakkhiṇaṃ katvā pakkamiṃsu. Devamanussā pana tatheva pūjetvā vanditvā pakkantā.
具智慧与精进者说:“我实在决定誓愿必将成就。”因而感得欢喜。众大人听闻毕昙迦罗的众说:“具智慧与精进者,实为佛种、佛苗。”于是欢喜激昂。如此,他坚立了誓愿:“正如人渡河,若直行无法以目前路径渡至彼岸,必得改道绕越异中道,吾亦如是,今在毕昙迦罗众的教法中得得道果,将来你成佛时,当能在你面前见证此道果。”毕昙迦罗众亦赞叹菩萨,用八朵花供养,绕行三匝后离去。此众以无数万计,供养涅槃无染着菩萨,以香花花环绕行礼敬后,亦离去。天人和人亦如是供养、礼敬而去。
Bodhisatto sabbesaṃ paṭikkantakāle sayanā vuṭṭhāya ‘‘pāramiyo vicinissāmī’’ti puppharāsimatthake pallaṅkaṃ ābhujitvā nisīdi. Evaṃ nisinne bodhisatte sakaladasasahassacakkavāḷadevatā sannipatitvā sādhukāraṃ datvā ‘‘ayya sumedhatāpasa, porāṇakabodhisattānaṃ pallaṅkaṃ ābhujitvā ‘pāramiyo vicinissāmā’ti nisinnakāle yāni pubbanimittāni nāma paññāyanti, tāni sabbānipi ajja pātubhūtāni, nissaṃsayena tvaṃ buddho bhavissasi , mayampetaṃ jānāma ‘yassetāni nimittāni paññāyanti, ekantena so buddho hoti’, tvaṃ attano vīriyaṃ daḷhaṃ katvā paggaṇhā’’ti bodhisattaṃ nānappakārāhi thutīhi abhitthuniṃsu. Tena vuttaṃ –
菩萨诸难皆尽,起坐言:“当审察波罗蜜。”以花束铺设绵床而坐。此时,菩萨坐处,聚集了数十万轮王护法天,以善行相赠:“尊敬的具智慧与精进者,先前诸菩萨坐垫之处,当审察诸波罗蜜,今此一切前境皆尽现,如无疑你必成佛。我们皆知‘能识诸前显者,必为圆满之佛’,你当以坚毅努力接纳。”诸护法以诸种善赞拥护菩萨。因而说:
‘‘Idaṃ sutvāna vacanaṃ, asamassa mahesino;
『听闻此言后,大圣最上者;
Āmoditā naramarū, buddhabījaṃ kira ayaṃ.
人形悦喜,此即佛种也。
‘Ukkuṭṭhisaddā vattanti, apphoṭenti hasanti ca;
有者发出喊声,有者大笑;
Katañjalī namassanti, dasasahassī sadevakā.
双手合掌礼拜,成千天子共集。
‘Yadimassa lokanāthassa, virajjhissāma sāsanaṃ;
此乃世尊法,即将净尽;
Anāgatamhi addhāne, hessāma sammukhā imaṃ.
未来现目前,我们将亲迎此法。
‘Yathā manussā nadiṃ tarantā, paṭibhitthaṃ virajjhiya;
如人渡河,越过险水,远离污浊,
Heṭṭhātitthe gahetvāna, uttaranti mahānadiṃ.
在下游渡过后,向北方渡过大河。
‘Evameva mayaṃ sabbe, yadi muñcāmimaṃ jinaṃ;
『诸位众生啊,若我释迦牟尼能够放弃此尊者,
Anāgatamhi addhāne, hessāma sammukhā imaṃ’.
在未来善法增上之时,我们必将面对此尊者。』
‘Dīpaṅkaro lokavidū, āhutīnaṃ paṭiggaho;
『灯明世知者,广施之人所归依礼;
Mama kammaṃ pakittetvā, dakkhiṇaṃ pādamuddhari.
他宣扬我的业报,举起右足敬礼。
‘Ye tatthāsuṃ jinaputtā, sabbe padakkhiṇamakaṃsu maṃ;
在那里所有尊者之子,都围绕我环绕行礼;
Narā nāgā ca gandhabbā, abhivādetvāna pakkamuṃ.
人、龙王与香迦,向佛敬礼后即离去。
‘Dassanaṃ me atikkante, sasaṅghe lokanāyake;
『我目睹法的现前,亲近圣众,成为世间之导。
Haṭṭhatuṭṭhena cittena, āsanā vuṭṭhahiṃ tadā.
当时以身心放松,自席上起立。
‘Sukhena sukhito homi, pāmojjena pamodito;
以快乐为乐,以欢喜为喜,
Pītiyā ca abhissanno, pallaṅkaṃ ābhujiṃ tadā.
以喜悦充满,坐于床榻之上。
‘Pallaṅkena nisīditvā, evaṃ cintesahaṃ tadā;
安坐于床上,那时我心念如此,反复思惟。
‘Vasībhūto ahaṃ jhāne, abhiññāsu pāramiṃ gato.
『我已经成就了禅那之主,达至神通波罗蜜。』
‘Sahassiyamhi lokamhi, isayo natthi me samā;
『于千千万万个世界中,没有谁能与我相等;』
Asamo iddhidhammesu, alabhiṃ īdisaṃ sukhaṃ’.
『在神通法中无所匹敌,我获得无上的快乐。』
‘Pallaṅkābhujane mayhaṃ, dasasahassādhivāsino;
『十万众生聚居于我帐中;』
Mahānādaṃ pavattesuṃ, dhuvaṃ buddho bhavissasi.
『他们发出巨响,你必定成就佛陀。』
‘Yā pubbe bodhisattānaṃ, pallaṅkavaramābhuje;
『过去诸多菩萨,曾受我为床上宾客;』
Nimittāni padissanti, tāni ajja padissare.
因缘现起,其相随现,于今日必见。
‘Sītaṃ byapagataṃ hoti, uṇhañca upasammati;
『寒冷消散,热气随和缓;
Tāni ajja padissanti, dhuvaṃ buddho bhavissasi.
此相今日将显,必定成佛无疑。
‘Dasasahassī lokadhātū, nissaddā honti nirākulā;
『十千世界诸界寂静清净,无杂无碍;
Tāni ajja padissanti, dhuvaṃ buddho bhavissasi.
此相今日现起,必定成佛无疑。
‘Mahāvātā na vāyanti, na sandanti savantiyo;
『大风不吹,不相触动,诸风皆止;
Tāni ajja padissanti, dhuvaṃ buddho bhavissasi.
那些东西今天将会显现,你必定成为不动摇的佛陀。
‘Thalajā dakajā pupphā, sabbe pupphanti tāvade;
『泥土生的叶子和种子生的花朵,所有这些花朵正是当下绽放;
Tepajja pupphitā sabbe, dhuvaṃ buddho bhavissasi.
所有这些花朵都已盛开,你必定成为不动摇的佛陀。』
‘Latā vā yadi vā rukkhā, phalabhārā honti tāvade;
『若是蔓草或是大树,它们的果实沉重累累;
Tepajja phalitā sabbe, dhuvaṃ buddho bhavissasi.
所有这些果实都已经成熟,你必定成为不动摇的佛陀。』
‘Ākāsaṭṭhā ca bhūmaṭṭhā, ratanā jotanti tāvade;
『空中和地面的宝石都在闪烁光辉;
Tepajja ratanā jotanti, dhuvaṃ buddho bhavissasi.
三宝今天闪耀光辉,汝必定成为为世间所知之佛。
‘Mānusakā ca dibbā ca, turiyā vajjanti tāvade;
人间与天界众生,至今为止皆崇敬汝;
Tepajjubho abhiravanti, dhuvaṃ buddho bhavissasi.
三宝今日洒下欢喜,汝必定成为为世间所知之佛。
‘Vicittapupphā gaganā, abhivassanti tāvade;
纷乱的花朵从天空纷纷降落,至今仍然如是;
Tepi ajja pavassanti, dhuvaṃ buddho bhavissasi.
三宝今日必定降临,汝必定成为为世间所知之佛。
‘Mahāsamuddo ābhujati, dasasahassī pakampati;
大海震动巨响,波澜翻腾达一万之数;
Tepajjubho abhiravanti, dhuvaṃ buddho bhavissasi.
欲火焚烧则极为痛苦,必定成佛定不虚妄。
‘Nirayepi dasasahasse, aggī nibbanti tāvade;
恒火虽在地狱中燃烧有千万,火终必灭止;
Tepajja nibbutā aggī, dhuvaṃ buddho bhavissasi.
欲火若已熄灭无余,确实将成佛道不虚。
‘Vimalo hoti sūriyo, sabbā dissanti tārakā;
太阳光辉澄明无垢,诸星皆能映现光明;
Tepi ajja padissanti, dhuvaṃ buddho bhavissasi.
欲火熄灭如是明朗,必定成佛非虚妄也。
‘Anovaṭṭhena udakaṃ, mahiyā ubbhijji tāvade;
以旋流之水激起沉淀,地面喷出火焰大量燃烧;
Tampajjubbhijjate mahiyā, dhuvaṃ buddho bhavissasi.
你当远离蜕坏,恒常如世尊般坚固不动。
‘Tārāgaṇā virocanti, nakkhattā gaganamaṇḍale;
群星闪耀于天空的圆轮之中,
Visākhā candimāyuttā, dhuvaṃ buddho bhavissasi.
维萨迦星与月光相伴,你必定成佛。
‘Bilāsayā darīsayā, nikkhamanti sakāsayā;
色彩鲜明光芒明润者,随众生之现象而现出;
Tepajja āsayā chuddhā, dhuvaṃ buddho bhavissasi.
以清净正法之根心,必定成为世尊。
‘Na hoti arati sattānaṃ, santuṭṭhā honti tāvade;
众生不生嗔恨,常得满足安心。
Tepajja sabbe santuṭṭhā, dhuvaṃ buddho bhavissasi.
诸行皆令人满足,若修得此,必成正觉之佛。
‘Rogā tadūpasammanti, jighacchā ca vinassati;
病患由此得以安息,恶趣亦悉消灭,
Tānipajja padissanti, dhuvaṃ buddho bhavissasi.
如今由此得以现前,必成正觉之佛。
‘Rāgo tadā tanu hoti, doso moho vinassati;
贪欲因此减轻,嗔恨与愚痴亦随之灭除;
Tepajja vigatā sabbe, dhuvaṃ buddho bhavissasi.
由此诸恶尽除,必成正觉之佛。
‘Bhayaṃ tadā na bhavati, ajjapetaṃ padissati;
恐怖尽绝无有,现时得此庄严现前。
Tena liṅgena jānāma, dhuvaṃ buddho bhavissasi.
据此标志而知,必定成佛。
‘Rajo nuddhaṃsati uddhaṃ, ajjapetaṃ padissati;
「尘埃从下方扬起,今刚沐浴净除尘垢;
Tena liṅgena jānāma, dhuvaṃ buddho bhavissasi.
据此标志而知,必定成佛。」
‘Aniṭṭhagandho pakkamati, diṭṭhagandho pavāyati;
「未散的恶臭散去,见得的香气渐远;
Sopajja vāyati gandho, dhuvaṃ buddho bhavissasi.
暂时的气味渐渐散布,必定成佛。
‘Sabbe devā padissanti, ṭhapayitvā arūpino;
诸天悉皆现身,立于无色界中;
Tepajja sabbe dissanti, dhuvaṃ buddho bhavissasi.
一切热气皆显现,必定成为佛。
‘Yāvatā nirayā nāma, sabbe dissanti tāvade;
「直至名为地狱者皆显现,亦复如是;
Tepajja sabbe dissanti, dhuvaṃ buddho bhavissasi.
一切热气皆显现,必定成为佛。」
‘Kuṭṭā kavāṭā selā ca, na hontāvaraṇā tadā;
「坑穴、门扉、岩石等,当时并无障碍;
Ākāsabhūtā tepajja, dhuvaṃ buddho bhavissasi.
如天空之热气,必定成为佛。」
‘Cutī ca upapatti ca, khaṇe tasmiṃ na vijjati;
「死亡与再生,在那一瞬间并不存在;
Tānipajja padissanti, dhuvaṃ buddho bhavissasi.
如今你必将成就,必定成为佛陀。
‘Daḷhaṃ paggaṇha vīriyaṃ, mā nivatta abhikkama;
“坚持坚定的精进,切勿退转后退;
Mayampetaṃ vijānāma, dhuvaṃ buddho bhavissasī’’’ti.
我们都知道这一点,你必定成为不变的佛陀。”
Bodhisatto dīpaṅkaradasabalassa ca dasasahassacakkavāḷadevatānañca vacanaṃ sutvā bhiyyoso mattāya sañjātussāho hutvā cintesi ‘‘buddhā nāma amoghavacanā, natthi buddhānaṃ kathāya aññathattaṃ. Yathā hi ākāse khittaleḍḍussa patanaṃ dhuvaṃ, jātassa maraṇaṃ dhuvaṃ, aruṇe uggate sūriyassuṭṭhānaṃ, āsayā nikkhantasīhassa sīhanādanadanaṃ, garugabbhāya itthiyā bhāramoropanaṃ avassaṃbhāvī, evameva buddhānaṃ vacanaṃ nāma dhuvaṃ amoghaṃ, addhā ahaṃ buddho bhavissāmī’’ti. Tena vuttaṃ –
菩萨听闻灯明长者及一万名世界主天众的教诲后,燃起更盛的精进,心生坚定,思惟道:“佛陀的教言确实不空,佛陀的说法无他。正如天空中抛下的石子必然坠落,生命必有生死,旭日升起必有光明,狮子击破狮吼必然响亮,雌鸟给蛋必定孵化成功,如此佛陀的言说确实不虚、不空,我必将成佛。”因此说——
‘‘Buddhassa vacanaṃ sutvā, dasasahassīna cūbhayaṃ;
“闻佛言说后,为数一万,俱大欢喜,
Tuṭṭhahaṭṭho pamodito, evaṃ cintesahaṃ tadā.
我心满足欢喜,如是那时,我即如此思惟。”
‘‘Advejjhavacanā buddhā, amoghavacanā jinā;
「无怨之语者为佛所说,无失之语者为觉者所说,」
Vitathaṃ natthi buddhānaṃ, dhuvaṃ buddho bhavāmahaṃ.
「佛语非虚妄,佛为真实永存。」
‘‘Yathā khittaṃ nabhe leḍḍu, dhuvaṃ patati bhūmiyaṃ;
「如同空中投下的蜜饼,必定落到地上,」
Tatheva buddhaseṭṭhānaṃ, vacanaṃ dhuvasassataṃ.
「佛陀至尊的说法亦必定永存不坏。」
‘‘Yathāpi sabbasattānaṃ, maraṇaṃ dhuvasassataṃ;
「如同众生之死,乃为恒常无易,」
Tatheva buddhaseṭṭhānaṃ, vacanaṃ dhuvasassataṃ.
「佛陀至尊的说法亦恒久不灭不坏。」
‘‘Yathā rattikkhaye patte, sūriyuggamanaṃ dhuvaṃ;
“如同夜尽时,叶片必然凋零,太阳升起亦恒常无变;
Tatheva buddhaseṭṭhānaṃ, vacanaṃ dhuvasassataṃ.
如是世尊至圣的教言,也是恒久不变,历世常存。”
‘‘Yathā nikkhantasayanassa, sīhassa nadanaṃ dhuvaṃ;
“又如卧狮起身的轰鸣声,必定响彻无误;
Tatheva buddhaseṭṭhānaṃ, vacanaṃ dhuvasassataṃ.
如是世尊至圣的言教,亦恒久不灭,流传千万世。”
‘‘Yathā āpannasattānaṃ, bhāramoropanaṃ dhuvaṃ;
“再如挑夫负重,必然将物安置无误;
Tatheva buddhaseṭṭhānaṃ, vacanaṃ dhuvasassata’’nti.
如是世尊至圣的语句,也是千秋不变,永远流传。”
So ‘‘dhuvāhaṃ buddho bhavissāmī’’ti evaṃ katasanniṭṭhāno buddhakārake dhamme upadhāretuṃ ‘‘kahaṃ nu kho buddhakārakadhammā, kiṃ uddhaṃ, udāhu adho, disāsu, vidisāsū’’ti anukkamena sakalaṃ dhammadhātuṃ vicinanto porāṇakabodhisattehi āsevitanisevitaṃ paṭhamaṃ dānapāramiṃ disvā evaṃ attānaṃ ovadi – ‘‘sumedhapaṇḍita, tvaṃ ito paṭṭhāya paṭhamaṃ dānapāramiṃ pūreyyāsi. Yathā hi nikkujjito udakakumbho nissesaṃ katvā udakaṃ vamatiyeva, na paccāharati, evameva dhanaṃ vā yasaṃ vā puttaṃ vā dāraṃ vā aṅgapaccaṅgaṃ vā anoloketvā sampattayācakānaṃ sabbaṃ icchiticchitaṃ nissesaṃ katvā dadamāno bodhirukkhamūle nisīditvā buddho bhavissasī’’ti paṭhamaṃ dānapāramiṃ daḷhaṃ katvā adhiṭṭhāsi. Tena vuttaṃ –
于是,有言:“我当成为佛。”以如此既定之意,于能成佛之法起觉察,便询问曰:「佛所成之法究竟为何?上方为何?下方为何?诸方位如何?」依此继进,遍察一切法界,观察古昔诸佛菩萨所修所行者。初见第一布施波罗蜜已,便戒勉自己曰:「智慧明达者!你应从此起,具足坚固第一布施波罗蜜。如同空出的水罐,将水尽泻出,不复收回;亦复如是,不顾财富、名誉、子女、亲属、身体分节等,悉皆无余,随施所求,坐于菩提树下,必应成佛。」坚立此第一布施波罗蜜而坚定不移。于是说曰——
‘‘Handa buddhakare dhamme, vicināmi ito cito;
「看啊,诸佛能成之法,我由此心观察深知;
Uddhaṃ adho dasa disā, yāvatā dhammadhātuyā.
上下南北十方,直至究竟法界广大无边。
‘‘Vicinanto tadādakkhiṃ, paṭhamaṃ dānapāramiṃ;
我观察此处,显见第一布施波罗蜜;
Pubbakehi mahesīhi, anuciṇṇaṃ mahāpathaṃ.
过去诸尊大王如银河大路,未曾中断清楚明朗。
‘‘Imaṃ tvaṃ paṭhamaṃ tāva, daḷhaṃ katvā samādiya;
你应当以此作为首要,已坚立则宜常持不忘;
Dānapāramitaṃ gaccha, yadi bodhiṃ pattumicchasi.
你应当精进布施波罗蜜,若欲成就无上正觉。
‘‘Yathāpi kumbho sampuṇṇo, yassa kassaci adhokato;
就如盛满的瓦器,未曾倾倒于任何人之下;
Vamatevudakaṃ nissesaṃ, na tattha parirakkhati.
其内水体圆满无缺,绝无流失,得以保存。
‘‘Tatheva yācake disvā, hīnamukkaṭṭhamajjhime;
如是见贫穷乞丐,身处中间肮脏凄惶;
Dadāhi dānaṃ nissesaṃ, kumbho viya adhokato’’ti.
当无余地布与施予,如同瓦器不倒般护持。
Athassa ‘‘na ettakeheva buddhakārakadhammehi bhavitabba’’nti uttaripi upadhārayato dutiyaṃ sīlapāramiṃ disvā etadahosi – ‘‘sumedhapaṇḍita, tvaṃ ito paṭṭhāya sīlapāramimpi pūreyyāsi. Yathā hi camarīmigo nāma jīvitampi anoloketvā attano vālameva rakkhati, evaṃ tvampi ito paṭṭhāya jīvitampi anoloketvā sīlameva rakkhanto buddho bhavissasī’’ti dutiyaṃ sīlapāramiṃ daḷhaṃ katvā adhiṭṭhāsi. Tena vuttaṃ –
然后宣说:‘不止于此种佛果微妙事业宜为’,遂显第二波罗蜜——持戒波罗蜜。于是悟得:‘智慧明达者,应由此处勤修持戒波罗蜜方能圆满。正如称作革鹿的兽类,生命不顾珍惜只守护其尾,尔时汝亦当守护戒律而不顾生命,将成佛道’。坚定第二波罗蜜,决志不移,于是宣说。
‘‘Na hete ettakāyeva, buddhadhammā bhavissare;
『不唯此一身,将有如佛之法;』
Aññepi vicinissāmi, ye dhammā bodhipācanā.
『我还当思维,诸引生觉之法。』
‘‘Vicinanto tadādakkhiṃ, dutiyaṃ sīlapāramiṃ;
『思维后复见,第二戒波罗蜜;』
Pubbakehi mahesīhi, āsevitanisevitaṃ.
『先王诸大妇,虔敬奉持之。』
‘‘Imaṃ tvaṃ dutiyaṃ tāva, daḷhaṃ katvā samādiya;
『尔当坚于此,于第二戒已成;』
Sīlapāramitaṃ gaccha, yadi bodhiṃ pattumicchasi.
『戒波罗蜜行,若欲证菩提。』
‘‘Yathāpi camarī vālaṃ, kismiñci paṭilaggitaṃ;
如同蚕茧缠绕在某物上,
Upeti maraṇaṃ tattha, na vikopeti vāladhiṃ.
蚕在那之处安然进入死亡,却不搅扰茧丝般的缠绕,
‘‘Tatheva catūsu , bhūmīsu, sīlāni paripūraya;
同样在四种土地上,应当圆满戒律纯净,
Parirakkha sabbadā sīlaṃ, camarī viya vāladhi’’nti.
时时守护戒律,如同蚕茧一般坚固不动摇。」
Athassa ‘‘na ettakeheva buddhakārakadhammehi bhavitabba’’nti uttaripi upadhārayato tatiyaṃ nekkhammapāramiṃ disvā etadahosi ‘‘sumedhapaṇḍita, tvaṃ ito paṭṭhāya nekkhammapāramimpi pūreyyāsi. Yathā hi ciraṃ bandhanāgāre vasamāno puriso na tattha sinehaṃ karoti, atha kho ukkaṇṭhitoyeva avasitukāmo hoti, evameva tvampi sabbabhave bandhanāgārasadise katvā sabbabhavehi ukkaṇṭhito muccitukāmo hutvā nekkhammābhimukhova hohi, evaṃ buddho bhavissasī’’ti tatiyaṃ nekkhammapāramiṃ daḷhaṃ katvā adhiṭṭhāsi. Tena vuttaṃ –
接着又说「不应仅凭如此少许佛陀所作之功德而满足」,于是提出第三项出离度,明白说道:「慧明贤者啊,若你从今以后增长出离度,就像长居牢狱之人久不生爱恋,反而心生怨恨欲脱困苦一样,你亦当视生死轮回犹如牢狱,对一切生老病死深怀厌恶而渴望解脱,向出离而入,如此必成佛。」于是将第三项出离度坚定坚固地修持立定。经中记载说——
‘‘Na hete ettakāyeva, buddhadhammā bhavissare;
「非因这少许身躯,必将成佛法义;
Aññepi vicinissāmi, ye dhammā bodhipācanā.
我还将考察那些,有助于成佛的法门。
‘‘Vicinanto tadādakkhiṃ, tatiyaṃ nekkhammapāramiṃ;
考察之后,辨明第三种出离的波罗蜜多;
Pubbakehi mahesīhi, āsevitanisevitaṃ.
此乃历代大圣所修持、践行的功德。
‘‘Imaṃ tvaṃ tatiyaṃ tāva, daḷhaṃ katvā samādiya;
你当坚固持守此第三法门,专心了知;
Nekkhammapāramitaṃ gaccha, yadi bodhiṃ pattumicchasi.
若欲成就觉悟,就当修习出离波罗蜜多。
‘‘Yathā andughare puriso, ciravuttho dukhaṭṭito;
如同盲目之人,双目昏暗,长期受苦,饱尝艰难;
Na tattha rāgaṃ janeti, muttimeva gavesati.
在此处,不生起贪爱,只是专注求索解脱。
‘‘Tatheva tvaṃ sabbabhave, passa andughare viya;
“你于一切世间,正如盲者般观察;
Nekkhammābhimukho hohi, bhavato parimuttiyā’’ti.
当转向出离,成为你的解脱。”
Athassa ‘‘na ettakeheva buddhakārakadhammehi bhavitabba’’nti uttaripi upadhārayato catutthaṃ paññāpāramiṃ disvā etadahosi – ‘‘sumedhapaṇḍita, tvaṃ ito paṭṭhāya paññāpāramimpi pūreyyāsi. Hīnamajjhimukkaṭṭhesu kañci avajjetvā sabbepi paṇḍite upasaṅkamitvā pañhaṃ puccheyyāsi. Yathā hi piṇḍacāriko bhikkhu hīnādikesu kulesu kiñci avajjetvā paṭipāṭiyā piṇḍāya caranto khippaṃ yāpanaṃ labhati, evaṃ tvampi sabbapaṇḍite upasaṅkamitvā pañhaṃ pucchanto buddho bhavissasī’’ti catutthaṃ paññāpāramiṃ daḷhaṃ katvā adhiṭṭhāsi. Tena vuttaṃ –
此时,对他说:“凭借如此等佛所成就的法门,不能修习。”这番答覆激起他,于第四布施波罗蜜时,生起信心,坚定意志,理智明达。他自言:“聪慧博学者,应当由此开始,圆满修习智慧布施。应当放弃些许在贱劣中所起的见解,乃至亲近诸博学者,向他们请教问题。正如托钵行乞的比库,放弃劣等家族的事物,依修持法则托钵行乞迅速得供养;我亦应如是,常亲近博学者,禀问疑难,必成佛者。”凭此坚定第四智慧波罗蜜,发起决心。由此所说为——
‘‘Na hete ettakāyeva, buddhadhammā bhavissare;
“佛法不是仅仅因此身得成;
Aññepi vicinissāmi, ye dhammā bodhipācanā.
我还将探究其他一切,能使开悟的法。”
‘‘Vicinanto tadādakkhiṃ, catutthaṃ paññāpāramiṃ;
观察当时的情境,第四种智度显现;
Pubbakehi mahesīhi, āsevitanisevitaṃ.
这是先王们过去修习、亲近奉行的。
‘‘Imaṃ tvaṃ catutthaṃ tāva, daḷhaṃ katvā samādiya;
你当此时坚定心志,专心摄持这第四种智慧度;
Paññāpāramitaṃ gaccha, yadi bodhiṃ pattumicchasi.
如果你欲成佛果,应当如此修行。
‘‘Yathāpi bhikkhu bhikkhanto, hīnamukkaṭṭhamajjhime;
如同比库在乞食时,中途不偏离村落;
Kulāni na vivajjento, evaṃ labhati yāpanaṃ.
则能够获得所求的食物,亦复如是。
‘‘Tatheva tvaṃ sabbakālaṃ, paripucchanto budhaṃ janaṃ;
『你也常常询问觉者之人,』
Paññāpāramitaṃ gantvā, sambodhiṃ pāpuṇissasī’’ti.
『当你到达智慧的彼岸时,将得正觉。』
Athassa ‘‘na ettakeheva buddhakārakadhammehi bhavitabba’’nti uttaripi upadhārayato pañcamaṃ vīriyapāramiṃ disvā etadahosi – ‘‘sumedhapaṇḍita, tvaṃ ito paṭṭhāya vīriyapāramimpi pūreyyāsi. Yathā hi sīho migarājā sabbairiyāpathesu daḷhavīriyo hoti, evaṃ tvampi sabbabhavesu sabbairiyāpathesu daḷhavīriyo anolīnavīriyo samāno buddho bhavissasī’’ti pañcamaṃ vīriyapāramiṃ daḷhaṃ katvā adhiṭṭhāsi. Tena vuttaṃ –
于是他说:『不能仅凭这些觉者的功德而成就,』并启示第五种波罗蜜──精进波罗蜜,于是说:『聪明智慧的你,应当从此发起精进波罗蜜。如狮子王在一切领域中勇猛无畏,你亦应在一切境界中勇猛不懈,持之以恒,必成佛道。』他坚立了第五种精进波罗蜜,持之以恒。是故有言:
‘‘Na hete ettakāyeva, buddhadhammā bhavissare;
『非仅于此肉身中,才能成就佛法,』
Aññepi vicinissāmi, ye dhammā bodhipācanā.
『我还要探求,能令至觉成就的其他法。』
‘‘Vicinanto tadādakkhiṃ, pañcamaṃ vīriyapāramiṃ;
『探求之后,发现第五种精进波罗蜜为必要,』
Pubbakehi mahesīhi, āsevitanisevitaṃ.
此为先前尊贵女士们所常与之交往者。
‘‘Imaṃ tvaṃ pañcamaṃ tāva, daḷhaṃ katvā samādiya;
你当如今以坚强之心,持守此第五项戒律;
Vīriyapāramitaṃ gaccha, yadi bodhiṃ pattumicchasi.
修习精进波罗蜜,若欲证得觉悟果位。
‘‘Yathāpi sīho migarājā, nisajjaṭṭhānacaṅkame;
犹如狮王行止于高处,安坐巢穴出没无碍,
Alīnavīriyo hoti, paggahitamano sadā.
其勇猛之气不减,心常坚固坚定无畏。
‘‘Tatheva tvaṃ sabbabhave, paggaṇha vīriyaṃ daḷhaṃ;
你亦当于一切世间,承持坚强精进之勇力;
Vīriyapāramitaṃ gantvā, sambodhiṃ pāpuṇissasī’’ti.
『当勤行精进波罗蜜,必能证得正觉』。
Athassa ‘‘na ettakeheva buddhakārakadhammehi bhavitabba’’nti uttaripi upadhārayato chaṭṭhaṃ khantipāramiṃ disvā etadahosi – ‘‘sumedhapaṇḍita, tvaṃ ito paṭṭhāya khantipāramimpi pūreyyāsi. Sammānanepi avamānanepi khamova bhaveyyāsi. Yathā hi pathaviyaṃ nāma sucimpi pakkhipanti asucimpi, na tena pathavī sinehaṃ, na paṭighaṃ karoti, khamati sahati adhivāsetiyeva, evaṃ tvampi sammānanāvamānanakkhamova samāno buddho bhavissasī’’ti chaṭṭhaṃ khantipāramiṃ daḷhaṃ katvā adhiṭṭhāsi. Tena vuttaṃ –
于是他心念『不应仅以成佛之法为限』,遂起思惟并察看第六忍辱波罗蜜。于是悟得——『聪慧睿智者啊!你今宜当起此心,修满忍辱波罗蜜。无论称赞或毁谤,皆能如如忍受。譬如大地,虽受洁净污秽诸物覆盖,却不生爱憎之心,亦无反抗,忍受并容纳之,正如大地。尔等修学者亦应如是,面对称赞与非难如能忍耐容纳,汝必成佛』。于是他坚修第六忍辱波罗蜜,坚心不退。由此知说——
‘‘Na hete ettakāyeva, buddhadhammā bhavissare;
『非唯于此有形躯中,佛法当显现;
Aññepi vicinissāmi, ye dhammā bodhipācanā.
我当检视他诸法门,诸波罗蜜法门所佐助;
‘‘Vicinanto tadādakkhiṃ, chaṭṭhamaṃ khantipāramiṃ;
我观心中当守之第六忍辱波罗蜜;
Pubbakehi mahesīhi, āsevitanisevitaṃ.
此法历代大神曾修行,或爱乐修,或历受磨练。』
‘‘Imaṃ tvaṃ chaṭṭhamaṃ tāva, daḷhaṃ katvā samādiya;
『此为你第六法,当坚决行持,专心贯注。』
Tattha advejjhamānaso, sambodhiṃ pāpuṇissasi.
『于此法中,心不生嗔恨,必得正觉。』
‘‘Yathāpi pathavī nāma, sucimpi asucimpi ca;
『如同大地,名为地,纯净与不净俱含,』
Sabbaṃ sahati nikkhepaṃ, na karoti paṭighaṃ tayā.
『承担一切所投之物,然不生逆怨于彼。』
‘‘Tatheva tvampi sabbesaṃ, sammānāvamānakkhamo;
『尔等亦当如是,对一切无过失,无轻慢,』
Khantipāramitaṃ gantvā, sambodhiṃ pāpuṇissasī’’ti.
『行至忍辱波罗蜜,必得正觉』。」
Athassa ‘‘na ettakeheva buddhakārakadhammehi bhavitabba’’nti uttaripi upadhārayato sattamaṃ saccapāramiṃ disvā etadahosi – ‘‘sumedhapaṇḍita, tvaṃ ito paṭṭhāya saccapāramimpi pūreyyāsi. Asaniyā matthake patamānāyapi dhanādīnaṃ atthāya chandādivasena sampajānamusāvādaṃ nāma mākāsi. Yathā hi osadhitārakā nāma sabbautūsu attano gamanavīthiṃ jahitvā aññāya vīthiyā na gacchati, sakavīthiyāva gacchati, evameva tvampi saccaṃ pahāya musāvādaṃ nāma akarontoyeva buddho bhavissasī’’ti sattamaṃ saccapāramiṃ daḷhaṃ katvā adhiṭṭhāsi. Tena vuttaṃ –
于是,对那句话『不应仅于此等佛所作法中发生』的解说之后,看见第七波真实波罗蜜,便生起如下想法——『明智的长者,你从此起步,应当充满第七真实波罗蜜。即使面对闪电怒霆,凭借慈悲利他等念,也不可造无明妄语。正如名为护药人者,离弃所有自己小路,选择陌生小路而非常路一般,你亦应舍弃真实,作无明妄语,方能成佛。』他坚定第七真实波罗蜜,决意实修。于是如是教诲说——
‘‘Na hete ettakāyeva, buddhadhammā bhavissare;
『诸法非仅限于此五蕴之中而有佛法;
Aññepi vicinissāmi, ye dhammā bodhipācanā.
我亦还将审察他法,皆为成道之因;
‘‘Vicinanto tadādakkhiṃ, sattamaṃ saccapāramiṃ;
审察时见第七真实波罗蜜,
Pubbakehi mahesīhi, āsevitanisevitaṃ.
乃由先圣大尊们精勤修习而得;
‘‘Imaṃ tvaṃ sattamaṃ tāva, daḷhaṃ katvā samādiya;
你当坚定持守此第七,至刚至坚,切实修习。』
Tattha advejjhavacano, sambodhiṃ pāpuṇissasi.
彼处『无瞋语』者,汝将得至正觉。
‘‘Yathāpi osadhī nāma, tulābhūtā sadevake;
譬如药草名为『无法动摇』,均等献供于诸天;
Samaye utuvasse vā, na vokkamati vīthito.
于时节或雨季中,安然不动摇于空地。
‘‘Tatheva tvampi saccesu, mā vokkamasi vīthito;
尔时汝亦不应动摇于真理中;
Saccapāramitaṃ gantvā, sambodhiṃ pāpuṇissasī’’ti.
当达成真理之究竟,必将得至正觉。」
Athassa ‘‘na ettakeheva buddhakārakadhammehi bhavitabba’’nti uttaripi upadhārayato aṭṭhamaṃ adhiṭṭhānapāramiṃ disvā etadahosi – ‘‘sumedhapaṇḍita, tvaṃ ito paṭṭhāya adhiṭṭhānapāramimpi pūreyyāsi. Yaṃ adhiṭṭhāsi, tasmiṃ adhiṭṭhāne niccalo bhaveyyāsi. Yathā hi pabbato nāma sabbadisāsu vātehi pahaṭopi na kampati na calati, attano ṭhāneyeva tiṭṭhati, evameva tvampi attano adhiṭṭhāne niccalo hontova buddho bhavissasī’’ti aṭṭhamaṃ adhiṭṭhānapāramiṃ daḷhaṃ katvā adhiṭṭhāsi. Tena vuttaṃ –
随后于此,谓『不应仅凭此种佛果因行而生』,又观第八波罗蜜——坚定波罗蜜时,得此义:『愚智慧眼者!汝自今着力完善坚定波罗蜜;汝所立者,于此坚定处当坚固不动。确如名为山岳,无论四周风如何猛烈,皆不震动不转移,仍稳坚于其所;汝亦应如是,于自心所立坚定波罗蜜不动摇,必将成佛。』坚固第八坚定波罗蜜后即洒然践行。由此成就云——
‘‘Na hete ettakāyeva, buddhadhammā bhavissare;
『不止于此一身,必有如来教法出现,』
Aññepi vicinissāmi, ye dhammā bodhipācanā.
『我亦复思惟审察他法,皆为启发觉悟之法义。』
‘‘Vicinanto tadādakkhiṃ, aṭṭhamaṃ adhiṭṭhānapāramiṃ;
『审察时,见第八种坚定精进之波罗蜜,』
Pubbakehi mahesīhi, āsevitanisevitaṃ.
『由先贤大德所亲行并受用不断精进。』
‘‘Imaṃ tvaṃ aṭṭhamaṃ tāva, daḷhaṃ katvā samādiya;
『汝今当谨守此第八波罗蜜,坚固持行,』
Tattha tvaṃ acalo hutvā, sambodhiṃ pāpuṇissasi.
『尔时恒住不动摇,必得正等觉果位。』
‘‘Yathāpi pabbato selo, acalo suppatiṭṭhito;
『如同山岩,坚固不动,稳固安立;』
Na kampati bhusavātehi, sakaṭṭhāneva tiṭṭhati.
『不因风吹草动而摇晃,恰似固定于木桩一般。』
‘‘Tatheva tvampi adhiṭṭhāne, sabbadā acalo bhava;
『尔时,你亦当坚立不动,永远恒定不移;』
Adhiṭṭhānapāramitaṃ gantvā, sambodhiṃ pāpuṇissasī’’ti.
『达致坚立完满,必将获得圆满觉悟。』
Athassa ‘‘na ettakeheva buddhakārakadhammehi bhavitabba’’nti uttaripi upadhārayato navamaṃ mettāpāramiṃ disvā etadahosi – ‘‘sumedhapaṇḍita, tvaṃ ito paṭṭhāya navamaṃ mettāpāramimpi pūreyyāsi. Ahitesupi hitesupi ekacitto bhaveyyāsi. Yathā hi udakaṃ nāma pāpajanassāpi kalyāṇajanassāpi sītibhāvaṃ ekasadisaṃ katvā pharati, evameva tvampi sabbasattesu mettacittena ekacittova honto buddho bhavissasī’’ti navamaṃ mettāpāramiṃ daḷhaṃ katvā adhiṭṭhāsi. Tena vuttaṃ –
尔时启示语曰:『不应仅满足于此等佛行功德,而是观察第九无量行——慈无量行时,便生此意——「聪慧明了者啊,尔从此地出发,必能成就第九慈无量行,】
‘‘Na hete ettakāyeva, buddhadhammā bhavissare;
谓言:『非此微小躯壳而已,佛法将当成就;』
Aññepi vicinissāmi, ye dhammā bodhipācanā.
我还要考察,那些能够开启觉悟的法门。
‘‘Vicinanto tadādakkhiṃ, navamaṃ mettāpāramiṃ;
考察时,我看到了第九种慈心波罗蜜;
Pubbakehi mahesīhi, āsevitanisevitaṃ.
是由前辈大德曾经实践、熟悉的修行法门。
‘‘Imaṃ tvaṃ navamaṃ tāva, daḷhaṃ katvā samādiya;
你应当坚决修持这一第九种波罗蜜,坚定不移;
Mettāya asamo hohi, yadi bodhiṃ pattumicchasi.
如果你渴望得成觉悟,慈心修行不可怠慢。
‘‘Yathāpi udakaṃ nāma, kalyāṇe pāpake jane;
正如水对于善良人和恶人皆同等存在,
Samaṃ pharati sītena, pavāheti rajomalaṃ.
他用清凉来平息,用风吹散湿气。
‘‘Tatheva tvampi ahitahite, samaṃ mettāya bhāvaya;
‘你也同样,在有害与无害之中,平等地生起慈爱心;
Mettāpāramitaṃ gantvā, sambodhiṃ pāpuṇissasī’’ti.
到达慈爱波罗蜜,必将成就佛果。’
Athassa ‘‘na ettakeheva buddhakārakadhammehi bhavitabba’’nti uttaripi upadhārayato dasamaṃ upekkhāpāramiṃ disvā etadahosi – ‘‘sumedhapaṇḍita, tvaṃ ito paṭṭhāya upekkhāpāramimpi pūreyyāsi. Sukhepi dukkhepi majjhattova bhaveyyāsi. Yathā hi pathavī nāma sucimpi asucimpi pakkhippamānā majjhattāva hoti, evameva tvampi sukhadukkhesu majjhattova honto buddho bhavissasī’’ti dasamaṃ upekkhāpāramiṃ daḷhaṃ katvā adhiṭṭhāsi. Tena vuttaṃ –
后来他对自己说:‘不应仅凭这些成佛法要而生起成佛;’于是他观照到第十波罗蜜般若——舍弃,心生顿悟:‘聪慧的贤者啊,你由此着手,应完成舍弃波罗蜜,处于苦乐之间中道。正如大地无论净秽互杂,仍居于其中,你亦当处苦乐中道,成为佛。’他坚定地守持第十舍弃波罗蜜。对此说:
‘‘Na hete ettakāyeva, buddhadhammā bhavissare;
‘成佛法门,不止于此肉身;
Aññepi vicinissāmi, ye dhammā bodhipācanā.
我当深入观察其他,能引发觉悟的法门。’
‘‘Vicinanto tadādakkhiṃ, dasamaṃ upekkhāpāramiṃ;
『观察正见』者,是第十无漏波罗蜜。
Pubbakehi mahesīhi, āsevitanisevitaṃ.
为诸圣人所先修习、所熟行习者。
‘‘Imaṃ tvaṃ dasamaṃ tāva, daḷhaṃ katvā samādiya;
你当坚定行持此第十,无漏波罗蜜,
Tulābhūto daḷho hutvā, sambodhiṃ pāpuṇissasi.
如天平坚固不动,必定成就正觉。
‘‘Yathāpi pathavī nāma, nikkhittaṃ asuciṃ suciṃ;
譬如大地将污秽泥土盛放后,成为洁净,
Upekkhati ubhopete, kopānunayavajjitā.
悉皆平等无分别,心无瞋恚恼害。
‘‘Tatheva tvampi sukhadukkhe, tulābhūto sadā bhava;
‘你也应当常处于快乐与痛苦相衡之境,永不偏失;
Upekkhāpāramitaṃ gantvā, sambodhiṃ pāpuṇissasī’’ti.
经历舍弃、平等波罗蜜,必将证得究竟悟道。’
Tato cintesi – ‘‘imasmiṃ loke bodhisattehi pūretabbā bodhiparipācanā buddhakārakadhammā ettakāyeva, dasa pāramiyo ṭhapetvā aññe natthi, imāpi dasa pāramiyo uddhaṃ ākāsepi natthi, heṭṭhā pathaviyampi, puratthimādīsu disāsupi natthi, mayhameva pana hadayamaṃsabbhantare patiṭṭhitā’’ti. Evaṃ tāsaṃ hadaye patiṭṭhitabhāvaṃ disvā sabbāpi tā daḷhaṃ katvā adhiṭṭhāya punappunaṃ sammasanto anulomapaṭilomaṃ sammasati, pariyante gahetvā ādiṃ pāpeti, ādimhi gahetvā pariyante ṭhapeti, majjhe gahetvā ubhato osāpeti, ubhato koṭīsu hetvā majjhe osāpeti. Bāhirakabhaṇḍapariccāgo dānapāramī nāma, aṅgapariccāgo dānaupapāramī nāma, jīvitapariccāgo dānaparamatthapāramī nāmāti dasa pāramiyo dasa upapāramiyo dasa paramatthapāramiyo yantatelaṃ vinivaṭṭento viya mahāmeruṃ matthaṃ katvā cakkavāḷamahāsamuddaṃ āluḷento viya ca sammasi. Tassevaṃ dasa pāramiyo sammasantassa dhammatejena catunahutādhikadviyojanasatasahassabahalā ayaṃ mahāpathavī hatthinā akkantanaḷakalāpo viya, pīḷiyamānaṃ ucchuyantaṃ viya ca mahāviravaṃ viravamānā saṅkampi sampakampi sampavedhi, kulālacakkaṃ viya telayantacakkaṃ viya ca paribbhami. Tena vuttaṃ –
然后他思惟:‘于此世界,菩萨必当圆满成就觉道庄严法,唯此十种度德无他。且此十种度德,无论上空、下地,东方、南方诸方,皆无他处,唯我心脏之中牢牢安住。’如是见彼种种度德之心安住处后,坚毅不移,坚定意志,多次正反思惟调伏,循环掌握,起始包摄终结。起始为内心,终结于外境,中间连接两端,令两端息遣。舍弃外饰(衣服等)为布施波罗蜜,肢体舍弃为布施之辅助波罗蜜,生命舍弃为布施之究竟波罗蜜,合计十度,十辅助度,十究竟度,犹如密涂油脂,固结成大须弥山顶,掀动大海波浪般,圆满成就。此十种布施波罗蜜具大力,力大如四千八百万由旬,犹象庞大大地,象大象群,受压像烈火燃烧,激荡震动,犹如陶轮滚转,油轮旋转围绕无尽。故说:
‘‘Ettakāyeva te loke, ye dhammā bodhipācanā;
‘这世界上,所有引导觉悟之法,
Tatuddhaṃ natthi aññatra, daḷhaṃ tattha patiṭṭhaha.
除了这十法,别无他法;唯有坚固者当依止。
‘‘Ime dhamme sammasato, sabhāvasarasalakkhaṇe;
‘修持此法,正觉觉悟,行迹纯净彰显真相;
Dhammatejena vasudhā, dasasahassī pakampatha.
以法的威力,大地震动,持续震荡达一万次。
‘‘Calatī ravatī pathavī, ucchuyantaṃva pīḷitaṃ;
大地摇动不止,如同赤裸者被压迫般痛苦;
Telayante yathā cakkaṃ, evaṃ kampati medanī’’ti.
又如车轮在油中旋转,土地亦复如是震颤动摇。
Mahāpathaviyā kampamānāya rammanagaravāsino saṇṭhātuṃ asakkontā yugantavātabbhāhatā mahāsālā viya mucchitamucchitāva papatiṃsu, ghaṭādīni kulālabhājanāni pavaṭṭantāni aññamaññaṃ paharantāni cuṇṇavicuṇṇāni ahesuṃ. Mahājano bhītatasito satthāraṃ upasaṅkamitvā ‘‘kiṃ nu kho bhagavā nāgāvaṭṭo ayaṃ bhūtayakkhadevatāsu aññatarāvaṭṭoti na hi mayaṃ etaṃ jānāma, apica kho sabbopi ayaṃ mahājano upadduto, kiṃ nu kho imassa lokassa pāpakaṃ bhavissati, udāhu kalyāṇaṃ, kathetha no etaṃ kāraṇa’’nti āha. Atha satthā tesaṃ kathaṃ sutvā ‘‘tumhe mā bhāyatha mā cintayittha, natthi vo itonidānaṃ bhayaṃ. Yo so mayā ajja sumedhapaṇḍito ‘anāgate gotamo nāma buddho bhavissatī’ti byākato, so dasa pāramiyo sammasati, tassa dasa pāramiyo sammasantassa viloḷentassa dhammatejena sakaladasasahassilokadhātu ekappahārena kampati, ceva, ravati cā’’ti āha. Tena vuttaṃ –
大地剧烈震动之时,城中居民无法安住,因末劫风暴肆虐,众人如大殿崩塌般昏乱跌倒。瓦罐等器具纷纷翻滚,彼此碰撞互夺,终于支离破碎。众人惊恐不安,急忙迎接圣者至前,问曰:『世尊啊,此乃诸鬼神中的某类鬼魅之震动乎?我们对此未曾了知。况且大众皆陷混乱,恐此事将带来世间灾祸,望世尊指示其祥瑞善因,何以致此?』时,世尊闻此言语告诫众人:『汝等勿生恐惧,无须忧虑,今时无真实的恐怖发生。今日由我所宣说者,谓未来将有一位名为果德玛的佛出世,乃具备十种波罗蜜的圣人。彼之德能广昭,能够以法的威力震动天地,一时昌焕十万世界。此震动亦为吉祥征兆。』世尊如此告述,意在开示众生。
‘‘Yāvatā parisā āsi, buddhassa parivesane;
『当时,彼时法会聚集众生于佛陀周围,
Pavedhamānā sā tattha, mucchitā sesi bhūmiyaṃ.
由法相摄受,大地昏暗,似被蒙蔽般。』
‘‘Ghaṭānekasahassāni , kumbhīnañca satā bahū;
「许多千只陶罐,百余个陶盆也甚多;
Sañcuṇṇamathitā tattha, aññamaññaṃ paghaṭṭitā.
这些堆积起来,彼此相叠成堆。」
‘‘Ubbiggā tasitā bhītā, bhantā byadhitamānasā;
「溢出、倾倒、破碎,破损、裂开、崩坏;
Mahājanā samāgamma, dīpaṅkaramupāgamuṃ.
众多百姓聚集,赴向迪潘卡卢比佛前。」
‘Kiṃ bhavissati lokassa, kalyāṇamatha pāpakaṃ;
「世间将会如何,善或恶之所生?
Sabbo upadduto loko, taṃ vinodehi cakkhuma’.
世间一切皆堕坏,望智者请为调伏。」
‘‘Tesaṃ tadā saññāpesi, dīpaṅkaro mahāmuni;
当时,称为大灯明的圣者向他们宣说:
Vissatthā hotha mā bhātha, imasmiṃ pathavikampane.
“愿无灾难降临此地震动中的大地,
‘‘Yamahaṃ ajja byākāsiṃ, buddho loke bhavissati;
今我为诸众宣说:未来世中将有佛,
Eso sammasati dhammaṃ, pubbakaṃ jinasevitaṃ.
此佛当正觉,所证之法为先佛所传。
‘‘Tassa sammasato dhammaṃ, buddhabhūmiṃ asesato;
此佛证得正法,成佛之地永不衰灭,
Tenāyaṃ kampitā pathavī, dasasahassī sadevake’’ti.
因此此地震动,有一万天众震惊感应。”
Mahājano tathāgatassa vacanaṃ sutvā haṭṭhatuṭṭho mālāgandhavilepanaṃ ādāya rammanagarā nikkhamitvā bodhisattaṃ upasaṅkamitvā mālādīhi pūjetvā vanditvā padakkhiṇaṃ katvā rammanagarameva pāvisi. Bodhisattopi dasa pāramiyo sammasitvā vīriyaṃ daḷhaṃ katvā adhiṭṭhāya nisinnāsanā vuṭṭhāsi. Tena vuttaṃ –
大众听闻如来的教诲后,起身欢喜,身披花环香粉,离开欢乐城,近前到菩萨处,以花环等供养,礼敬后绕行一周,然后又进入欢乐城。菩萨检视十度圆满,精进坚固,下定决心,起身离座。如此说:
‘‘Buddhassa vacanaṃ sutvā, mano nibbāyi tāvade;
“闻闻佛陀教诲,心即涅槃暂时;
Sabbe maṃ upasaṅkamma, punāpi abhivandisuṃ.
众人皆来亲近,复还礼敬供养。
‘‘Samādiyitvā buddhaguṇaṃ, daḷhaṃ katvāna mānasaṃ;
“专心摄念佛德,坚固心意不移;
Dīpaṅkaraṃ namassitvā, āsanā vuṭṭhahiṃ tadā’’ti.
顶礼长者提婆迦毗,起身离座即刻。”
Atha bodhisattaṃ āsanā vuṭṭhahantaṃ sakaladasasahassacakkavāḷadevatā sannipatitvā dibbehi mālāgandhehi pūjetvā vanditvā ‘‘ayya sumedhatāpasa, tayā ajja dīpaṅkaradasabalassa pādamūle mahatī patthanā patthitā, sā te anantarāyena samijjhatu, mā te bhayaṃ vā chambhitattaṃ vā ahosi, sarīre appamattakopi rogo mā uppajji, khippaṃ pāramiyo pūretvā sammāsambodhiṃ paṭivijjha. Yathā pupphūpagaphalūpagā rukkhā samaye pupphanti ceva phalanti ca, tatheva tvampi samayaṃ anatikkamitvā khippaṃ sambodhimuttamaṃ phusassū’’tiādīni thutimaṅgalāni payirudāhaṃsu, evaṃ payirudāhitvā attano attano devaṭṭhānameva agamaṃsu. Bodhisattopi devatāhi abhitthuto ‘‘ahaṃ dasa pāramiyo pūretvā kappasatasahassādhikānaṃ catunnaṃ asaṅkhyeyyānaṃ matthake buddho bhavissāmī’’ti vīriyaṃ daḷhaṃ katvā adhiṭṭhāya nabhaṃ abbhuggantvā himavantameva agamāsi. Tena vuttaṃ –
时,菩萨起身离座,聚集十万天眼诸天,来至天上,持花香供养敬礼,称曰:‘尊敬的苏慧持戒者,今你已于长者提婆迦毗足下布施慈善广大坚固信心,令其无阻碍,愿无惧无怯害,身体无稍病疾,速成十度圆满,证得正等正觉。正如花果枝树于时节开花结果,汝亦当速不长久地转过此期,尽早触及最高觉境。’诸天众说此等赞歌,随后分别返回各自天所。菩萨乃向天人祝愿:‘我当圆满十度,历劫无量,成就不可胜数缘起诸佛。’下定坚固心意,飞到天空,直至喜马拉雅山,来到彼处。如此说:
‘‘Dibbaṃ mānusakaṃ pupphaṃ, devā mānusakā ubho;
『神圣的与世间的花,天人与世间人皆同献;』
Samokiranti pupphehi, vuṭṭhahantassa āsanā.
『以花盛开来供养,献给起立者的坐所。』
‘‘Vedayanti ca te sotthiṃ, devā mānusakā ubho;
『天人和人皆感受安乐;』
Mahantaṃ patthitaṃ tuyhaṃ, taṃ labhassu yathicchitaṃ.
『你所受的大恩得以成就,愿遂你所愿。』
‘‘Sabbītiyo vivajjantu, soko rogo vinassatu;
『一切痛苦皆远离,忧恼疾病消灭;』
Mā te bhavantvantarāyā, phusa khippaṃ bodhimuttamaṃ.
『愿你无所障碍,速得最上菩提。』
‘‘Yathāpi samaye patte, pupphanti pupphino dumā;
譬如时节之叶,开放于叶树之上;
Tatheva tvaṃ mahāvīra, buddhañāṇena pupphassu.
汝亦如是,大勇士,凭佛知,令此花开。
‘‘Yathā ye keci sambuddhā, pūrayuṃ dasa pāramī;
譬如若干正觉者,充满十种波罗蜜;
Tatheva tvaṃ mahāvīra, pūraya dasa pāramī.
汝亦如是,大勇士,当充满十种波罗蜜。
‘‘Yathā ye keci sambuddhā, bodhimaṇḍamhi bujjhare;
譬如若干正觉者,坐于觉场之上;
Tatheva tvaṃ mahāvīra, bujjhassu jinabodhiyaṃ.
汝亦如是,大勇士,应当觉悟如来觉场。
‘‘Yathā ye keci sambuddhā, dhammacakkaṃ pavattayuṃ;
「如所有诸正觉者,转动法轮,
Tatheva tvaṃ mahāvīra, dhammacakkaṃ pavattaya.
汝为大勇士,亦当转动法轮。」
‘‘Puṇṇamāye yathā cando, parisuddho virocati;
「正如满月彻净光明辉映,
Tatheva tvaṃ puṇṇamano, viroca dasasahassiyaṃ.
汝亦满怀庄严,辉照万人。」
‘‘Rāhumutto yathā sūriyo, tāpena atirocati;
「正如晓星隐没,太阳以烈焰炽然照耀,
Tatheva lokā muccitvā, viroca siriyā tuvaṃ.
亦如尔以智慧解脱众生,光辉普照世间。」
‘‘Yathā yā kāci nadiyo, osaranti mahodadhiṃ;
“如同任何一条河流,向广大海洋汇聚奔流;
Evaṃ sadevakā lokā, osarantu tavantike.
诸天众生之界亦如是,在你的近侧汇聚奔涌。
‘‘Tehi thutappasattho so, dasa dhamme samādiya;
这些众生因所赞叹恭敬,怀持十种法门;
Te dhamme paripūrento, pavanaṃ pāvisī tadā’’ti.
彼时充满此法,随风而入。”
Sumedhakathā niṭṭhitā. · 善慧故事已毕。
Rammanagaravāsinopi kho nagaraṃ pavisitvā buddhappamukhassa bhikkhusaṅghassa mahādānaṃ adaṃsu. Satthā tesaṃ dhammaṃ desetvā mahājanaṃ saraṇādīsu patiṭṭhāpetvā rammanagaramhā nikkhamitvā tato uddhampi yāvatāyukaṃ tiṭṭhanto sabbaṃ buddhakiccaṃ katvā anukkamena anupādisesāya nibbānadhātuyā parinibbāyi. Tattha yaṃ vattabbaṃ, taṃ sabbaṃ buddhavaṃse vuttanayeneva veditabbaṃ. Vuttañhi tattha –
即便是享乐之城的居民,入城后亦为佛陀所率僧团施献大布施。世尊讲述法义,确立大众皈依,从安乐城出发,继而向北行,坚守止息、顺次成就一切佛事,最终无所住着而位入涅槃之境。此处所当谈者,皆可从《佛传》中见闻而知。经中记载如下:
‘‘Tadā te bhojayitvāna, sasaṅghaṃ lokanāyakaṃ;
“当时,他们供养之后,与众结连,敬礼世间之主;
Upagacchuṃ saraṇaṃ tassa, dīpaṅkarassa satthuno.
前往皈依彼世尊,大德迪梵迦尊者。
‘‘Saraṇāgamane kañci, niveseti tathāgato;
『皈依三宝时,任何一个如来都会安住于此;
Kañci pañcasu sīlesu, sīle dasavidhe paraṃ.
无论是哪一条五戒,戒律中具足十种特胜;
‘‘Kassaci deti sāmaññaṃ, caturo phalamuttame;
若有人给予沙门四种最胜果报;
Kassaci asame dhamme, deti so paṭisambhidā.
若有人布施时不亏失,彼则得证观察智;
‘‘Kassaci varasamāpattiyo, aṭṭha deti narāsabho;
若有人获得最上福德,犹如人中上者,给予八种福报。』
Tisso kassaci vijjāyo, chaḷabhiññā pavecchati.
三种知识具足,六种神通周遍观察。
‘‘Tena yogena janakāyaṃ, ovadati mahāmuni;
用此修行方法,对世人劝导,称尊为大圣。
Tena vitthārikaṃ āsi, lokanāthassa sāsanaṃ.
此教法详尽完备,为世尊所宣讲。
‘‘Mahāhanusabhakkhandho, dīpaṅkarasanāmako;
大车犊象之坚,名为提婆迦罗,是其称号。
Bahū jane tārayati, parimoceti duggatiṃ.
拯救众多众生,解脱他们离苦难。
‘‘Bodhaneyyaṃ janaṃ disvā, satasahassepi yojane;
观察应觉悟大众,广阔如百千由旬远。
Khaṇena upagantvāna, bodheti taṃ mahāmuni.
迅速接近时,伟大的圣者觉悟了那事。
‘‘Paṭhamābhisamaye buddho, koṭisatamabodhayi;
『初次成道时,佛陀觉悟了千万计数的众生;','482':'第二次成道时,尊主觉悟了九千万计数的众生。','483':'当佛陀在天界宣说法时,','484':'第三次成道时,觉悟了九千万千计数的众生。','485':'三次集会在迪笺卡尊师处举行。
Dutiyābhisamaye nātho, navutikoṭimabodhayi.
第二现观时,导师令九十俱胝者觉悟。
‘‘Yadā ca devabhavanamhi, buddho dhammamadesayi;
「当佛陀在天宫中,宣说法要之时;
Navutikoṭisahassānaṃ, tatiyābhisamayo ahu.
九十俱胝千众之第三现观,于彼时生起。」
‘‘Sannipātā tayo āsuṃ, dīpaṅkarassa satthuno;
「迭瓦达德大师曾有三次集会,
Koṭisatasahassānaṃ, paṭhamo āsi samāgamo.
百万千万计,第一次集会已经成就。
‘‘Puna nāradakūṭamhi, pavivekagate jine;
“复次,在那那罗陀山上,进入出离之境的胜士;
Khīṇāsavā vītamalā, samiṃsu satakoṭiyo.
断尽烦恼、远离污秽者,百千万众齐集于此。”
‘‘Yamhi kāle mahāvīro, sudassanasiluccaye;
“世尊大英雄,于善逝光明王处,
Navutikoṭisahassehi, pavāresi mahāmuni.
数九千万众,围绕这位大圣贤。
‘‘Ahaṃ tena samayena, jaṭilo uggatāpano;
“我在那时,满头蓬乱,气喘吁吁;
Antalikkhamhi caraṇo, pañcābhiññāsu pāragū.
在于空中行走者,已通达五种神通之境。
‘‘Dasavīsasahassānaṃ , dhammābhisamayo ahu;
“一万二千种法门,曾获圆满成就;
Ekadvinnaṃ abhisamayā, gaṇanāto asaṅkhiyā.
一万零两种成就,数目难以计量。
‘‘Vitthārikaṃ bāhujaññaṃ, iddhaṃ phītaṃ ahu tadā;
当时具广博智慧者,得神通之充满;
Dīpaṅkarassa bhagavato, sāsanaṃ suvisodhitaṃ.
此为长者灯明尊者,教法已臻纯正明净。
‘‘Cattāri satasahassāni, chaḷabhiññā mahiddhikā;
四十万众多之数,六大神通之广大增益;
Dīpaṅkaraṃ lokaviduṃ, parivārenti sabbadā.
荼枳那迦罗为世间智者,恒常环绕侍奉。
‘‘Ye keci tena samayena, jahanti mānusaṃ bhavaṃ;
一切于彼时舍弃人间生死者,
Apattamānasā sekkhā, garahitā bhavanti te.
心志谦卑勤学者,彼等便受护持。
‘‘Supupphitaṃ pāvacanaṃ, arahantehi tādihi;
阿拉汉如是说法,语句清净华美;
Khīṇāsavehi vimalehi, upasobhati sadevake.
余漏已尽、清净无垢者,恒在诸天中庄严自己。
‘‘Nagaraṃ rammavatī nāma, sudevo nāma khattiyo;
有一城池名为乐住城,国王名为素得婆;
Sumedhā nāma janikā, dīpaṅkarassa satthuno.
名为苏勿提,是提婆悉达多尊者的师父。
‘‘Sumaṅgalo ca tisso ca, ahesuṃ aggasāvakā;
苏曼伽罗与提索两位,成为主要弟子。
Sāgato nāmupaṭṭhāko, dīpaṅkarassa satthuno.
名为萨伽陀者,是提婆悉达多尊者的侍者。
‘‘Nandā ceva sunandā ca, ahesuṃ aggasāvikā;
南达与孙南达两人,成为主要侍女。
Bodhi tassa bhagavato, pipphalīti pavuccati.
佛陀的菩提,被称为毕婆梨。
‘‘Asītihatthamubbedho, dīpaṅkaro mahāmuni;
提婆悉达多大圣,热切慈悲,具有三十只手的智慧。
Sobhati dīparukkhova, sālarājāva phullito.
光辉照耀,犹如灯柱树开满花朵。
‘‘Satasahassavassāni, āyu tassa mahesino;
“伟大国王的寿命达百千年,
Tāvatā tiṭṭhamāno so, tāresi janataṃ bahuṃ.
他居于世间如此长久,度化了许多众生。
‘‘Jotayitvāna saddhammaṃ, santāretvā mahājanaṃ;
“曾广弘正法,利益广大群众;
Jalitvā aggikhandhova, nibbuto so sasāvako.
如火焰燃尽一般,彼弟子圆寂而寂灭。
‘‘Sā ca iddhi so ca yaso, tāni ca pādesu cakkaratanāni;
“他的神通与声誉,犹如脚下旋转的宝轮。”
Sabbaṃ tamantarahitaṃ, nanu rittā sabbasaṅkhārā’’ti.
一切皆无内在实体,不过一切行都是空的。
Dīpaṅkarassa pana bhagavato aparabhāge ekaṃ asaṅkhyeyyaṃ atikkamitvā koṇḍañño nāma satthā udapādi. Tassāpi tayo sāvakasannipātā ahesuṃ. Paṭhamasannipāte koṭisatasahassaṃ, dutiye koṭisahassaṃ, tatiye navutikoṭiyo. Tadā bodhisatto vijitāvī nāma cakkavattī hutvā koṭisatasahassasaṅkhassa buddhappamukhassa bhikkhusaṅghassa mahādānaṃ adāsi. Satthā bodhisattaṃ ‘‘buddho bhavissasī’’ti byākaritvā dhammaṃ desesi. So satthu dhammakathaṃ sutvā rajjaṃ niyyādetvā pabbaji. So tīṇi piṭakāni uggahetvā aṭṭha samāpattiyo pañca abhiññāyo ca uppādetvā aparihīnajjhāno brahmaloke nibbatti. Koṇḍaññassa buddhassa pana rammavatī nāma nagaraṃ, sunando nāma khattiyo pitā, sujātā nāma devī mātā, bhaddo ca subhaddo ca dve aggasāvakā, anuruddho nāmupaṭṭhāko, tissā ca upatissā ca dve aggasāvikā, sālakalyāṇī bodhi, aṭṭhāsītihatthubbedhaṃ sarīraṃ, vassasatasahassaṃ āyuppamāṇaṃ ahosi.
在迦叶尊者之前,提婆达多的前半生,有一位胜过无数众生的圣师名叫近那由多。其时也有三众弟子集会。第一众聚达一亿三千万,第二聚一亿三千万,第三聚九十亿众。当时,菩萨成了名为维吉多的世主,布施了巨大财富给一亿三千万佛教僧团。世尊预言此菩萨将成佛,并宣讲佛法。宣讲完毕后,他遁入出家生活,受持三藏,成就八定五通,无退转地往生梵天。此后近那由多佛名叫乐玛伐底,父亲是名为素难陀的部族王,母亲苏伽陀,是善名和善德两位尊长的比库弟子,侍者名为阿努鲁陀,还有两位头首弟子提舍和乌提舍。沙利子即萨拉伽利尼,身有八十八臂,寿命自量达百千岁。
‘‘Dīpaṅkarassa aparena, koṇḍañño nāma nāyako;
他在提婆达多之后,是名为近那由多的领袖。
Anantatejo amitayaso, appameyyo durāsado’’ti.
其具无量光明,无边寿命,无尽无比,难以超越。
Tassa aparabhāge ekaṃ asaṅkhyeyyaṃ atikkamitvā ekasmiṃyeva kappe caturo buddhā nibbattiṃsu maṅgalo, sumano, revato, sobhitoti. Maṅgalassa bhagavato tayo sannipātā ahesuṃ. Tesu paṭhamasannipāte koṭisatasahassaṃ bhikkhū ahesuṃ, dutiye koṭisahassaṃ, tatiye navutikoṭiyo. Vemātikabhātā kirassa ānandakumāro nāma navutikoṭisaṅkhāya parisāya saddhiṃ dhammassavanatthāya satthu santikaṃ agamāsi. Satthā tassa anupubbiṃ kathaṃ kathesi, so saddhiṃ parisāya saha paṭisambhidāhi arahattaṃ pāpuṇi. Satthā tesaṃ kulaputtānaṃ pubbacaritaṃ olokento iddhimayapattacīvarassa upanissayaṃ disvā dakkhiṇahatthaṃ pasāretvā ‘‘etha, bhikkhavo’’ti āha. Sabbe taṅkhaṇaññeva iddhimayapattacīvaradharā saṭṭhivassamahātherā viya ākappasampannā hutvā satthāraṃ vanditvā parivārayiṃsu. Ayamassa tatiyo sāvakasannipāto ahosi.
在其后半生,又胜过无数众生。一生间当有四佛出现,分别是吉祥、善意、雷沃陀、淑毗等。吉祥佛有三众弟子聚会。第一众聚一亿三千万比库,第二聚一亿三千万,第三聚九十亿。阿难尊者弟子,名叫阿难童子率九十亿众同来听法。世尊步步引导,证得阿拉汉果。世尊察看这些族子,目睹其持神通力袈裟的根本,伸出右手,说:『此处,比库们。』众皆带神通力袈裟,如有六十载经验的长老般尊敬世尊,围绕侍奉。是时第三众弟子集会。
Yathā pana aññesaṃ buddhānaṃ samantā asītihatthappamāṇāyeva sarīrappabhā ahosi, na evaṃ tassa tassa pana bhagavato sarīrappabhā niccakālaṃ dasasahassilokadhātuṃ pharitvā aṭṭhāsi. Rukkhapathavipabbatasamuddādayo antamaso ukkhalikādīni upādāya suvaṇṇapaṭṭapariyonaddhā viya ahesuṃ. Āyuppamāṇaṃ panassa navutivassasahassāni ahosi. Ettakaṃ kālaṃ candimasūriyādayo attano pabhāya virocituṃ nāsakkhiṃsu, rattindivaparicchedo na paññāyittha. Divā sūriyālokena viya sattā niccaṃ buddhālokeneva vicariṃsu, sāyaṃ pupphitakusumānaṃ, pāto ravanakasakuṇādīnañca vasena loko rattindivaparicchedaṃ sallakkhesi.
虽说历代诸佛身体光明皆有八十八臂,但非每佛之光明永远遍及十万亿世界界。如树木、土地、高山、大海等依托,均似黄金裹缠。此生命量达九十三亿岁。如此漫长岁月,日月天体亦无法显现其光辉,昼夜变化不为人知。众生白昼如临佛光,傍晚见开花树、落叶、禽鸟等掩盖昼夜之阴阳变化。
Kiṃ pana aññesaṃ buddhānaṃ ayamānubhāvo natthīti? No natthi. Tepi hi ākaṅkhamānā dasasahassiṃ vā lokadhātuṃ tato vā bhiyyo ābhāya phareyyuṃ. Maṅgalassa pana bhagavato pubbapatthanāvasena aññesaṃ byāmappabhā viya sarīrappabhā niccakālameva dasasahassilokadhātuṃ pharitvā aṭṭhāsi. So kira bodhisattacariyakāle vessantarasadise attabhāve ṭhito saputtadāro vaṅkapabbatasadise pabbate vasi. Atheko kharadāṭhiko nāma yakkho mahāpurisassa dānajjhāsayataṃ sutvā brāhmaṇavaṇṇena upasaṅkamitvā mahāsattaṃ dve dārake yāci. Mahāsatto ‘‘dadāmi brāhmaṇassa puttake’’ti haṭṭhapahaṭṭho udakapariyantaṃ pathaviṃ kampento dvepi dārake adāsi. Yakkho caṅkamanakoṭiyaṃ ālambanaphalakaṃ nissāya ṭhatvā passantasseva mahāsattassa mūlakalāpe viya dve dārake khādi. Mahāpurisassa yakkhaṃ oloketvā mukhe vivaṭamatte aggijālaṃ viya lohitadhāraṃ uggiramānaṃ tassa mukhaṃ disvāpi kesaggamattampi domanassaṃ na uppajji. ‘‘Sudinnaṃ vata me dāna’’nti cintayato panassa sarīre mahantaṃ pītisomanassa udapādi. So ‘‘imassa me nissandena anāgate imināva nīhārena rasmiyo nikkhamantū’’ti patthanaṃ akāsi. Tassa taṃ patthanaṃ nissāya buddhabhūtassa sarīrato rasmiyo nikkhamitvā ettakaṃ ṭhānaṃ phariṃsu.
那么,除此之外,尚有其他佛陀的神通力不存在吗?不存在的。因为若意欲如此,自然能够在一万乃至十万世界中放光芒,更何况世尊的功德庄严。世尊由于先前的善根,普照如同光耀一切的赤金色身体光辉,无时无刻不遍照于十万世界。彼时,他即於菩萨行阶段,住于毗舍离(王舍城)一带自体光芒中,犹如他处弯曲山之上的一位有众子的住持人。在此时,有一名名为芥刺牙多的夜叉,闻得大丈夫于布施之意后,以婆罗门形相亲近大丈夫,向其请求两个子女。大丈夫答曰:“我愿将二子施与婆罗门子。”于是振衣拂地,震动大地,赠与二子。夜叉依靠箭杆果片,立于大丈夫脚下,如同树根般,吞食这二子。大丈夫见此夜叉,目露红光如燃烧的火网,尽管见其目光锐利,却无生恼恨之心。心念道:“此施果报甚大!”内心生起巨大欢喜和安乐。于是起愿道:“因这依怙帮助,将来借此照耀光芒出现。”随其愿力,光明自佛身射出,遍照此地。
Aparampissa pubbacaritaṃ atthi. So kira bodhisattakāle ekassa buddhassa cetiyaṃ disvā ‘‘imassa buddhassa mayā jīvitaṃ pariccajituṃ vaṭṭatī’’ti daṇḍadīpikāveṭhananiyāmena sakalasarīraṃ veṭhāpetvā ratanamattamakuḷaṃ satasahassagghanikaṃ suvaṇṇapātiṃ sappissa pūrāpetvā tattha sahassavaṭṭiyo jālāpetvā taṃ sīsenādāya sakalasarīraṃ jālāpetvā cetiyaṃ padakkhiṇaṃ karonto sakalarattiṃ vītināmesi. Evaṃ yāva aruṇuggamanā vāyamantassāpissa lomakūpamattampi usumaṃ na gaṇhi. Padumagabbhaṃ paviṭṭhakālo viya ahosi. Dhammo hi nāmesa attānaṃ rakkhantaṃ rakkhati. Tenāha bhagavā –
以后尚有先行因缘。彼菩萨行阶段,见一佛塔起念:“为此佛舍命舍利是适当的。”如手持杖点灯,安置身体并为其装饰抛洒宝珠金粉,堆积如百千之银砂,又撒金粉,将佛塔周围围绕以网,供养完毕后,以头顶礼,绕塔三匝,彻夜持守。就如同太阳初升之前的微热,皮毛未及感觉一般。就犹如莲苞初绽之时那般。法者名为自护,即护持诸法。世尊由此言:
‘‘Dhammo have rakkhati dhammacāriṃ, dhammo suciṇṇo sukhamāvahāti;
“法者护持修行法者,法清净故安乐来到;
Esānisaṃso dhamme suciṇṇe, na duggatiṃ gacchati dhammacārī’’ti. (theragā. 303; jā. 1.10.102; 1.15.385);
此乃善修之法的功德利益——行法者不堕恶趣。」(长老偈303;本生经1.10.102;1.15.385)
Imassāpi kammassa nissandena tassa bhagavato sarīrobhāso dasasahassilokadhātuṃ pharitvā aṭṭhāsi.
因依此善业,世尊妙身光辉再度遍照十万世界而屹立。
Tadā amhākaṃ bodhisatto suruci nāma brāhmaṇo hutvā ‘‘satthāraṃ nimantessāmī’’ti upasaṅkamitvā madhuradhammakathaṃ sutvā ‘‘sve mayhaṃ bhikkhaṃ gaṇhatha, bhante’’ti āha. Brāhmaṇa, kittakehi te bhikkhūhi atthoti? ‘‘Kittakā pana vo, bhante, parivārabhikkhū’’ti āha. Tadā pana satthu paṭhamasannipātoyeva hoti, tasmā ‘‘koṭisatasahassa’’nti āha. Bhante, sabbehipi saddhiṃ mayhaṃ gehe bhikkhaṃ gaṇhathāti. Satthā adhivāsesi. Brāhmaṇo svātanāya nimantetvā gehaṃ gacchanto cintesi – ‘‘ahaṃ ettakānaṃ bhikkhūnaṃ yāgubhattavatthādīni dātuṃ sakkomi, nisīdanaṭṭhānaṃ pana kathaṃ bhavissatī’’ti.
当时,我等菩萨称为须陀洹塔罗者,生为婆罗门,至世尊处以“请导师降临”为意,闻听甘美法语,言:“请摄受我比库等,尊者。”婆罗门问曰:“尊者,如何称呼你们比库?”答曰:“我们是有伴众的比库。”当时佛陀初次集会,因此问曰:“有千万众乎?”答曰:“愿摄受一切比库于吾家。”佛陀因应而住。婆罗门独自请佛入家,归思曰:“我能于这千万比库布施供养法食等,但如何安置坐处?”
Tassa sā cintā caturāsītiyojanasahassamatthake ṭhitassa devarañño paṇḍukambalasilāsanassa uṇhabhāvaṃ janesi. Sakko ‘‘ko nu kho maṃ imamhā ṭhānā cāvetukāmo’’ti dibbacakkhunā olokento mahāpurisaṃ disvā ‘‘suruci nāma brāhmaṇo buddhappamukhaṃ bhikkhusaṅghaṃ nimantetvā nisīdanaṭṭhānatthāya cintesi, mayāpi tattha gantvā puññakoṭṭhāsaṃ gahetuṃ vaṭṭatī’’ti vaḍḍhakivaṇṇaṃ nimminitvā vāsipharasuhattho mahāpurisassa purato pāturahosi. So ‘‘atthi nu kho kassaci bhatiyā kattabba’’nti āha. Mahāpuriso taṃ disvā ‘‘kiṃ kammaṃ karissasī’’ti āha. ‘‘Mama ajānanasippaṃ nāma natthi, gehaṃ vā maṇḍapaṃ vā yo yaṃ kāreti, tassa taṃ kātuṃ jānāmī’’ti. ‘‘Tena hi mayhaṃ kammaṃ atthī’’ti. ‘‘Kiṃ ayyā’’ti? ‘‘Svātanāya me koṭisatasahassabhikkhū nimantitā, tesaṃ nisīdanamaṇḍapaṃ karissasī’’ti. ‘‘Ahaṃ nāma kareyyaṃ, sace mama bhatiṃ dātuṃ sakkhissathā’’ti. ‘‘Sakkhissāmi tātā’’ti. ‘‘Sādhu karissāmī’’ti gantvā ekaṃ padesaṃ olokesi, dvādasaterasayojanappamāṇo padeso kasiṇamaṇḍalaṃ viya samatalo ahosi. So ‘‘ettake ṭhāne sattaratanamayo maṇḍapo uṭṭhahatū’’ti cintetvā olokesi. Tāvadeva pathaviṃ bhinditvā maṇḍapo uṭṭhahi. Tassa sovaṇṇamayesu thambhesu rajatamayā ghaṭakā ahesuṃ, rajatamayesu sovaṇṇamayā, maṇitthambhesu pavāḷamayā, pavāḷatthambhesu maṇimayā, sattaratanamayesu sattaratanamayāva ghaṭakā ahesuṃ . Tato ‘‘maṇḍapassa antarantarena kiṅkiṇikajālaṃ olambatū’’ti olokesi, saha olokaneneva kiṅkiṇikajālaṃ olambi, yassa mandavāteritassa pañcaṅgikasseva tūriyassa madhurasaddo niggacchati, dibbasaṅgītivattanakālo viya hoti. ‘‘Antarantarā gandhadāmamālādāmāni olambantū’’ti cintesi, dāmāni olambiṃsu. ‘‘Koṭisatasahassasaṅkhānaṃ bhikkhūnaṃ āsanāni ca ādhārakāni ca pathaviṃ bhinditvā uṭṭhahantū’’ti cintesi, tāvadeva uṭṭhahiṃsu. ‘‘Koṇe koṇe ekekā udakacāṭiyo uṭṭhahantū’’ti cintesi, udakacāṭiyo uṭṭhahiṃsu.
他的思虑停驻于八十四万由旬的界限上,乃至天王处于青蛙皮座上感到闷热。萨咖天帝用天眼观照,见一位贤者,名为素陋婆罗门,他怀着敬意邀请佛陀面前的比库僧团,为他们设置座位处。天帝想:我也应当前往,从功德宝藏中取得利益。于是他化作老者,携持住持袈裟,腕上佩带金镯,现于贤者面前。天帝问:“难道有人应当祭祀吗?”贤者见状问:“你将作何业?”对曰:“我有一技艺,能够建造房舍或厅堂,无论何物皆能制造。”曰:“那正是我的业。”问:“何业?”答:“我受有人请,召集一千万比库,为其建造坐处。”答曰:“我若能给予祭祀,我便来造作。”苟承允诺,天帝应诺。遂巡视一处,那里地面平坦,宛如河沙坛。天帝心念:“此处建有七宝铺设的亭榭。”地面乃裂开,亭榭升起。金柱配以银柱,银柱配以宝柱,宝柱配以珀柱,珀柱配以宝石柱;七宝柱众多宝器缀挂于其间。天帝又观:“亭榭间垂悬铃铛网,风吹发清越五音,犹似诸天乐声奏响。”又念:“间隔以香环悬挂。”即有香环垂挂。又念:“一千万比库之坐席及支撑,震破地面而升起。”遂无碍起。又念:“四角各立水帘。”水帘升起。
Ettakaṃ māpetvā brāhmaṇassa santikaṃ gantvā ‘‘ehi ayya, tava maṇḍapaṃ oloketvā mayhaṃ bhatiṃ dehī’’ti āha. Mahāpuriso gantvā maṇḍapaṃ olokesi, olokentassevassa sakalasarīraṃ pañcavaṇṇāya pītiyā nirantaraṃ phuṭaṃ ahosi. Athassa maṇḍapaṃ olokayato etadahosi – ‘‘nāyaṃ maṇḍapo manussabhūtena kato, mayhaṃ pana ajjhāsayaṃ mayhaṃ guṇaṃ āgamma addhā sakkabhavanaṃ uṇhaṃ ahosi, tato sakkena devaraññā ayaṃ maṇḍapo kārito bhavissatī’’ti. ‘‘Na kho pana me yuttaṃ evarūpe maṇḍape ekadivasaṃyeva dānaṃ dātuṃ, sattāhaṃ dassāmī’’ti cintesi. Bāhirakadānañhi kittakampi samānaṃ bodhisattānaṃ tuṭṭhiṃ kātuṃ na sakkoti, alaṅkatasīsaṃ pana chinditvā añjitaakkhīni uppāṭetvā hadayamaṃsaṃ vā ubbaṭṭetvā dinnakāle bodhisattānaṃ cāgaṃ nissāya tuṭṭhi nāma hoti. Amhākampi hi bodhisattassa sivijātake devasikaṃ pañca kahāpaṇasatasahassāni vissajjetvā catūsu dvāresu nagaramajjhe ca dānaṃ dentassa taṃ dānaṃ cāgatuṭṭhiṃ uppādetuṃ nāsakkhi. Yadā panassa brāhmaṇavaṇṇena āgantvā sakko devarājā akkhīni yāci, tadā tāni uppāṭetvā dadamānasseva hāso uppajji, kesaggamattampi cittassa aññathattaṃ nāhosi. Evaṃ dānaṃ nissāya bodhisattānaṃ titti nāma natthi. Tasmā sopi mahāpuriso ‘‘sattāhaṃ mayā koṭisatasahassasaṅkhānaṃ bhikkhūnaṃ dānaṃ dātuṃ vaṭṭatī’’ti cintetvā tasmiṃ maṇḍape buddhappamukhaṃ bhikkhusaṅghaṃ nisīdāpetvā sattāhaṃ gavapānaṃ nāma dānaṃ adāsi. Gavapānanti mahante mahante kolambe khīrassa pūretvā uddhanesu āropetvā ghanapākapakke khīre thoke taṇḍule pakkhipitvā pakkamadhusakkarācuṇṇasappīhi abhisaṅkhataṃ bhojanaṃ vuccati. Manussāyeva pana parivisituṃ nāsakkhiṃsu, devāpi ekantarikā hutvā parivisiṃsu. Dvādasaterasayojanappamāṇaṃ ṭhānampi bhikkhū gaṇhituṃ nappahosiyeva. Te pana bhikkhū attano attano ānubhāvena nisīdiṃsu. Pariyosānadivase sabbabhikkhūnaṃ pattāni dhovāpetvā bhesajjatthāya sappinavanītamadhuphāṇitādīni pūretvā ticīvarehi saddhiṃ adāsi, saṅghanavakabhikkhunā laddhacīvarasāṭakā satasahassagghanakā ahesuṃ.
设立完毕后,天帝前往婆罗门处告曰:“尊者,请观我为你所建亭榭,予我加持。”贤者前来,检视亭榭,观其时身五色安乐不绝。由察亭榭,心知:“此亭非人所造,我心合意,我所具资,促使天帝建成此亭。”遂思忖:“我不宜独居此亭一日,七日必显布施。”外施乃是一般菩萨喜乐难及,须割发截发,开眼揭心,舍肉布施而得满足。然我辈,即便舍千万众神银币,施于城内四门,亦无法生起菩萨施乐满足。当婆罗门来访,天帝乃揭眼施乐,发自内心欢喜,念彼此心无异。故此施乐,菩萨之乐无有量也。故此贤者念:“我当七日间,施与亿计千万比库。”乃召集佛前僧团,令诸比库坐于亭榭。遂七日布施牛乳。所谓牛乳者,是将大量牛奶盛于水桶上,置于高处,并以熟白米、蓄蜜、甘蔗汁及多种膳食调和之。人间见则不能尽览,天人亦远观其景。亭榭占地宽达十二三由旬,比库众坐其中无拥挤。众比库各依自身份坐。布施终了,诸比库洗涤衣物,为治病用涂抹香膏、牛油、蜜蜡等涂身,俱着三衣。僧具多达数十万顶,极为广大。
Satthā anumodanaṃ karonto ‘‘ayaṃ puriso evarūpaṃ mahādānaṃ adāsi, ko nu kho bhavissatī’’ti upadhārento ‘‘anāgate kappasatasahassādhikānaṃ dvinnaṃ asaṅkhyeyyānaṃ matthake gotamo nāma buddho bhavissatī’’ti disvā mahāpurisaṃ āmantetvā ‘‘tvaṃ ettakaṃ nāma kālaṃ atikkamitvā gotamo nāma buddho bhavissasī’’ti byākāsi. Mahāpuriso byākaraṇaṃ sutvā ‘‘ahaṃ kira buddho bhavissāmi, ko me gharāvāsena attho, pabbajissāmī’’ti cintetvā tathārūpaṃ sampattiṃ kheḷapiṇḍaṃ viya pahāya satthu santike pabbajitvā buddhavacanaṃ uggaṇhitvā abhiññā ca samāpattiyo ca nibbattetvā āyupariyosāne brahmaloke nibbatti.
师长欣然赞许曰:“此人施以大布施,当有何人?”复言:“未来二十万亿无数劫中,将现有一佛,名果德玛,得无上正觉。”见贤者告知:“你已超越时限,必成佛陀。”贤者闻命,心念:“我将成佛,为何留恋家舍?我当出家。”遂舍俗如抛掷嬉戏之物,受持佛法,得神通双方入灭,于寿命终尽时升生梵天界。
Maṅgalassa pana bhagavato nagaraṃ uttaraṃ nāma ahosi, pitāpi uttaro nāma khattiyo, mātāpi uttarā nāma devī, sudevo ca dhammaseno ca dve aggasāvakā, pālito nāmupaṭṭhāko, sīvalī ca asokā ca dve aggasāvikā, nāgarukkho bodhi, aṭṭhāsītihatthubbedhaṃ sarīraṃ ahosi. Navutivassasahassāni ṭhatvā parinibbute pana tasmiṃ bhagavati ekappahāreneva dasa cakkavāḷasahassāni ekandhakārāni ahesuṃ. Sabbacakkavāḷesu manussānaṃ mahantaṃ ārodanaparidevanaṃ ahosi.
当时世尊护城北为吉祥名号,父名北者为刹帝利,母为北者为女神。随侍者有两位首大弟子,名善生和法军。看护者名护持与洁胜,两女首弟子名梦觉与无忧。护法地主树菩提,身高八十八肘。经历九万千年后,世尊涅槃,然诸城邦转瞬成暗无光体,天下众人哀号悲泣。
‘‘Koṇḍaññassa aparena, maṅgalo nāma nāyako;
「孔多那之侍者,名为吉祥领袖;
Tamaṃ loke nihantvāna, dhammokkamabhidhārayī’’ti.
灭此世界之人,法之流转掌持者。」
Evaṃ dasasahassilokadhātuṃ andhakāraṃ katvā parinibbutassa tassa bhagavato aparabhāge sumano nāma satthā udapādi. Tassāpi tayo sāvakasannipātā ahesuṃ. Paṭhamasannipāte koṭisatasahassabhikkhū ahesuṃ, dutiye kañcanapabbatamhi navutikoṭisahassāni, tatiye asītikoṭisahassāni. Tadā mahāsatto atulo nāma nāgarājā ahosi mahiddhiko mahānubhāvo. So ‘‘buddho uppanno’’ti sutvā ñātisaṅghaparivuto nāgabhavanā nikkhamitvā koṭisatasahassabhikkhuparivārassa tassa bhagavato dibbatūriyehi upahāraṃ kāretvā mahādānaṃ pavattetvā paccekaṃ dussayugāni datvā saraṇesu patiṭṭhāsi. Sopi naṃ satthā ‘‘anāgate buddho bhavissasī’’ti byākāsi. Tassa bhagavato nagaraṃ khemaṃ nāma ahosi, sudatto nāma rājā pitā, sirimā nāma mātā, saraṇo ca bhāvitatto ca dve aggasāvakā, udeno nāmupaṭṭhāko, soṇā ca upasoṇā ca dve aggasāvikā, nāgarukkho bodhi, navutihatthubbedhaṃ sarīraṃ, navutiyeva vassasahassāni āyuppamāṇaṃ ahosi.
如是,圣者灭度后,于十万世界界之中,先经历大黑暗,之后出现名为苏摩诺的导师。在其时期,亦有三众比库集合。第一众多达一亿一千万比库,第二众在金山中有九亿,第三众有八亿。当时,有一伟大的生灵,名叫阿图罗,是一位天龙王,具大神力与广大神通。他闻言“佛已出世”,携亲族围绕,离开龙宫,为那亿多比库群献上天火塔的供养,行施大布施,随后施予单独修行者几千载,遂成为其皈依之所。导师曾预言此生灵未来将成佛。此时期,世尊所在城名为祺摩,父亲名苏达陀,母亲名悉利摩。有两位首席弟子,分别是忧陀那和索那与乌帕索那为两位首席女弟子。世尊身体HEIGHT为九十手臂长,寿命九十万岁。
‘‘Maṅgalassa aparena, sumano nāma nāyako;
“善导师苏摩,赐福无量,
Sabbadhammehi asamo, sabbasattānamuttamo’’ti.
在一切法中无可比拟,是一切有情之上首。”
Tassa aparabhāge revato nāma satthā udapādi. Tassāpi tayo sāvakasannipātā ahesuṃ. Paṭhamasannipāte gaṇanā natthi, dutiye koṭisatasahassabhikkhū ahesuṃ, tathā tatiye. Tadā bodhisatto atidevo nāma brāhmaṇo hutvā satthu dhammadesanaṃ sutvā saraṇesu patiṭṭhāya sirasmiṃ añjaliṃ ṭhapetvā tassa satthuno kilesappahāne vaṇṇaṃ vatvā uttarāsaṅgena pūjaṃ akāsi. Sopi naṃ ‘‘buddho bhavissasī’’ti byākāsi. Tassa pana bhagavato nagaraṃ dhaññavatī nāma ahosi, pitā vipulo nāma khattiyo, mātāpi vipulā nāma devī, varuṇo ca brahmadevo ca dve aggasāvakā, sambhavo nāmupaṭṭhāko, bhaddā ca subhaddā ca dve aggasāvikā, nāgarukkhova bodhi, sarīraṃ asītihatthubbedhaṃ ahosi, āyu saṭṭhi vassasahassānīti.
继苏摩之后,有名为雷瓦陀的导师出现。其时代亦聚集三众弟子。首众人数不详,第二众有一亿比库,第三众亦同。那时,有位菩萨名曰阿提德婆,是婆罗门出身,听闻佛陀说法,皈依三宝,合掌礼拜圣者,为其除烦恼而礼敬扶持。导师曾预言其未来将成佛。此时期,世尊所在城名为飲舍罗,父为毗富楼,母亦为毗富楼女,天龙王与梵天为两位首席弟子。有名为桑婆罗的护法及善达和善护两位首席女弟子。导师身体长八十手臂,寿命六十万岁。
‘‘Sumanassa aparena, revato nāma nāyako;
“继苏摩之后,雷瓦陀为尊首;
Anūpamo asadiso, atulo uttamo jino’’ti.
无比无双,超越至高,果德庄严。”
Tassa aparabhāge sobhito nāma satthā udapādi. Tassāpi tayo sāvakasannipātā ahesuṃ. Paṭhamasannipāte koṭisatabhikkhū ahesuṃ, dutiye navutikoṭiyo, tatiye asītikoṭiyo. Tadā bodhisatto ajito nāma brāhmaṇo hutvā satthu dhammadesanaṃ sutvā saraṇesu patiṭṭhāya buddhappamukhassa bhikkhusaṅghassa mahādānaṃ adāsi. Sopi naṃ ‘‘buddho bhavissasī’’ti byākāsi. Tassa pana bhagavato sudhammaṃ nāma nagaraṃ ahosi, pitāpi sudhammo nāma rājā, mātāpi sudhammā nāma devī, asamo ca sunetto ca dve aggasāvakā, anomo nāmupaṭṭhāko, nakulā ca sujātā ca dve aggasāvikā, nāgarukkhova bodhi, aṭṭhapaṇṇāsahatthubbedhaṃ sarīraṃ ahosi, navuti vassasahassāni āyuppamāṇanti.
世尊索比多是前生,他称为优秀的导师。其同时代有三众比库聚集。第一众聚有一亿比库,第二众有九千万,第三众有八千万。彼时,发心成佛者是名为阿吉多的婆罗门,听闻世尊说法,皈依三宝,向佛陀率领的比库众给予极大布施。佛陀亲自称他将来必成佛。彼时世尊所住有一城,名为苏陀摩,父亲为苏陀摩王,母亲为苏陀摩后,有两位首席弟子阿萨摩和苏尼陀。安努摩为广大护法,纳库拉与苏迦达为两位首席女弟子。此人未来如同一棵大树般广大的身体,长达五十八肘。预期寿命九十万年。
‘‘Revatassa aparena, sobhito nāma nāyako;
其后世尊为雷瓦塔之先,名为索比多,领袖人物,
Samāhito santacitto, asamo appaṭipuggalo’’ti.
沉静安详,心平和,阿萨摩是正直难得的人。」
Tassa aparabhāge ekaṃ asaṅkhyeyyaṃ atikkamitvā ekasmiṃyeva kappe tayo buddhā nibbattiṃsu anomadassī padumo nāradoti. Anomadassissa bhagavato tayo sāvakasannipātā ahesuṃ. Paṭhamasannipāte bhikkhū aṭṭhasatasahassāni ahesuṃ, dutiye satta, tatiye cha. Tadā bodhisatto eko yakkhasenāpati ahosi mahiddhiko mahānubhāvo anekakoṭisatasahassānaṃ yakkhānaṃ adhipati. So ‘‘buddho uppanno’’ti sutvā āgantvā buddhappamukhassa bhikkhusaṅghassa mahādānaṃ adāsi. Satthāpi naṃ ‘‘anāgate buddho bhavissasī’’ti byākāsi. Anomadassissa pana bhagavato candavatī nāma nagaraṃ ahosi, yasavā nāma rājā pitā, yasodharā nāma mātā, nisabho ca anomo ca dve aggasāvakā, varuṇo nāmupaṭṭhāko, sundarī ca sumanā ca dve aggasāvikā, ajjunarukkho bodhi, aṭṭhapaṇṇāsahatthubbedhaṃ sarīraṃ ahosi, vassasatasahassaṃ āyūti.
其后世尊超越无数劫,在同一劫中有三尊佛出现,他们名为阿努摩达悉、帕度摩和那罗陀。阿努摩达悉时代,佛陀率领三众弟子。第一众有八千万比库,第二有七千万,第三有六千万。当时,有一尊大力、具大神通的夜叉军头,统摄亿万夜叉。听闻佛陀已出世,来到佛前大布施。佛陀称他为未来将成佛者。彼时阿努摩达悉时代有一城,名为旃陀瓦提,国王名为耶萨瓦,母为耶索哒菩,阿萨摩及尼萨博为两大首席弟子,护法为伐楼那,首席女弟子为苏陀梨和苏摩那,菩提树名曰阿阇杨树,身长五十八肘,寿命为一百万年。
‘‘Sobhitassa aparena, sambuddho dvipaduttamo;
其后世尊为索比多,乃两足尊最,有三明,
Anomadassī amitayaso, tejassī duratikkamo’’ti.
阿努摩达悉光明无量,神通广大,远超众生。」
Tassa aparabhāge padumo nāma satthā udapādi. Tassāpi tayo bhāvakasannipātā ahesuṃ. Paṭhamasannipāte koṭisatasahassabhikkhū ahesuṃ, dutiye tīṇi satasahassāni, tatiye agāmake araññe mahāvanasaṇḍavāsīnaṃ bhikkhūnaṃ dve satasahassāni. Tadā tathāgate tasmiṃ vanasaṇḍe vasante bodhisatto sīho hutvā satthāraṃ nirodhasamāpattiṃ samāpannaṃ disvā pasannacitto vanditvā padakkhiṇaṃ katvā pītisomanassajāto tikkhattuṃ sīhanādaṃ naditvā sattāhaṃ buddhārammaṇapītiṃ avijahitvā pītisukheneva gocarāya apakkamitvā jīvitapariccāgaṃ katvā payirupāsamāno aṭṭhāsi. Satthā sattāhaccayena nirodhā vuṭṭhito sīhaṃ oloketvā ‘‘bhikkhusaṅghepi cittaṃ pasādetvā saṅghaṃ vandissatīti bhikkhusaṅgho āgacchatū’’ti cintesi. Bhikkhū tāvadeva āgamiṃsu. Sīho saṅghe cittaṃ pasādesi. Satthā tassa manaṃ oloketvā ‘‘anāgate buddho bhavissasī’’ti byākāsi. Padumassa pana bhagavato campakaṃ nāma nagaraṃ ahosi, asamo nāma rājā pitā, asamā nāma devī mātā, sālo ca upasālo ca dve aggasāvakā, varuṇo nāmupaṭṭhāko, rāmā ca surāmā ca dve aggasāvikā, soṇarukkho nāma bodhi, aṭṭhapaṇṇāsahatthubbedhaṃ sarīraṃ ahosi, āyu vassasatasahassanti.
其后方,名为波陀摩的世尊出现。彼时亦有三种弟子众聚集。第一种聚集时有百万比库,第二种时有三十万,第三种时为无为处大林中森林隐士比库聚集有二十万。彼时如来身处于此大森林中,菩提萨埵化身为狮子,亲见导师已证得涅槃寂灭,不生烦恼之心,敬仰礼拜,绕行其周,生起喜悦欢喜之念,三日三夜发出狮子吼,恭敬了结佛陀七日之观想欢喜,因喜乐安然离去,舍弃生命护持临终安详。导师于七日尽时,金狮子回首注视,思维曰:“当令比库众心欢悦,令比库众来朝敬礼。”比库众即应诣来。狮子令众心欢喜,导师观其意,称曰:“未来必有佛出世。”波陀摩世尊之都名称秉槲,父王名不胜,母后名不胜婆,师父与老师各有二人,护法名为波龙,沙罗树与婆罗树各有二,菩提树名为索那,体长八十八肘,寿命长达一百万岁。
‘‘Anomadassissa aparena, sambuddho dvipaduttamo;
“阿诺摩达世婆之后,正觉世尊乃两足最上者;
Padumo nāma nāmena, asamo appaṭipuggalo’’ti.
名为波陀摩者,其人并非普通凡夫。”
Tassa aparabhāge nārado nāma satthā udapādi. Tassāpi tayo sāvakasannipātā ahesuṃ. Paṭhamasannipāte koṭisatasahassabhikkhū ahesuṃ, dutiye navutikoṭisahassāni, tatiye asītikoṭisahassāni . Tadā bodhisatto isipabbajjaṃ pabbajitvā pañcasu abhiññāsu aṭṭhasu ca samāpattīsu ciṇṇavasī hutvā buddhappamukhassa bhikkhusaṅghassa mahādānaṃ datvā lohitacandanena pūjaṃ akāsi. Sopi naṃ ‘‘anāgate buddho bhavissasī’’ti byākāsi. Tassa bhagavato dhaññavatī nāma nagaraṃ ahosi, sudevo nāma khattiyo pitā, anomā nāma mātā, saddasālo ca jitamitto ca dve aggasāvakā, vāseṭṭho nāmupaṭṭhāko , uttarā ca phaggunī ca dve aggasāvikā, mahāsoṇarukkho nāma bodhi, sarīraṃ aṭṭhāsītihatthubbedhaṃ ahosi, navutivassasahassāni āyūti.
其后方,名为那罗陀的世尊出现。彼时亦有三种弟子众聚集。第一种聚集时有百万比库,第二种时有九千万,第三种时有八千万。彼时菩提萨埵剃度出家,已证五种神通,成八种禅定,斋戒持守清净,布施佛陀前之比库众大资财,以红檀香为佛供养。彼亦称未来必有佛出世。此世尊之都城名为珍爱,师父名苏提婆,母后名安摩,著名弟子为贤劫与勤蜜陀二人,护法名为瓦色多,菩提树姐妹名为乌陀罗与波古尼,菩提树名为大索那,身体长八十八肘,寿命长九千万岁。
‘‘Padumassa aparena, sambuddho dvipaduttamo;
“波陀摩之后,正觉世尊乃两足最上者;
Nārado nāma nāmena, asamo appaṭipuggalo’’ti.
名为那罗陀者,其人并非普通凡夫。”
Nāradabuddhassa aparabhāge ekaṃ asaṅkhyeyyaṃ atikkamitvā ito satasahassakappamatthake ekasmiṃ kappe ekova padumuttarabuddho nāma udapādi. Tassāpi tayo sāvakasannipātā ahesuṃ. Paṭhame koṭisatasahassabhikkhū ahesuṃ, dutiye vebhārapabbate navutikoṭisahassāni, tatiye asītikoṭisahassāni. Tadā bodhisatto jaṭilo nāma mahāraṭṭhiyo hutvā buddhappamukhassa bhikkhusaṅghassa sacīvaraṃ dānaṃ adāsi. Sopi naṃ ‘‘anāgate buddho bhavissasī’’ti byākāsi. Padumuttarassa pana bhagavato kāle titthiyā nāma nāhesuṃ. Sabbe devamanussā buddhameva saraṇaṃ agamaṃsu. Tassa nagaraṃ haṃsavatī nāma ahosi, pitā ānando nāma khattiyo, mātā sujātā nāma devī, devalo ca sujāto ca dve aggasāvakā, sumano nāmupaṭṭhāko, amitā ca asamā ca dve aggasāvikā, salalarukkho bodhi, sarīraṃ aṭṭhapaṇṇāsahatthubbedhaṃ ahosi, sarīrappabhā samantato dvādasa yojanāni gaṇhi, vassasatasahassaṃ āyūti.
在那罗陀佛前半段的时期,超越无量无数劫之后,于此间百千劫末尾的一劫中,出现了一位名为波头摩陀罗佛。如来弟子三众亦随之出现。初次为一千万比库,第二次在维婆罗巴山有九千万,第三次则有八千万。彼时,菩萨名为钝痴,是大国王,亲自供养了佛陀所率领的比库僧团。一并为他预言“未来当有佛出世”。在波头摩陀罗佛涅槃时,未曾有外道。而众生天人皆依止佛法。其国名鹤伐提,父王称阿难为贵族,母亲名苏伽陀为天女。天神及龙族都有苏伽陀与德伽陀二大圣随从,守护者名寿满和无量,二大圣随从。菩提树为沙罗莱树,形体高达五十八肘。其体光普照,四面环绕延伸十二由旬,寿命一万百岁。
‘‘Nāradassa aparena, sambuddho dvipaduttamo;
“那罗陀之后,有尊无上正觉,
Padumuttaro nāma jino, akkhobho sāgarūpamo’’ti.
名为波头摩陀罗,眼如大海。”
Tassa aparabhāge sattati kappasahassāni atikkamitvā sumedho sujāto cāti ekasmiṃ kappe dve buddhā nibbattiṃsu. Sumedhassāpi tayo sāvakasannipātā ahesuṃ, paṭhamasannipāte sudassananagare koṭisatakhīṇāsavā ahesuṃ, dutiye pana navutikoṭiyo, tatiye asītikoṭiyo. Tadā bodhisatto uttaro nāma māṇavo hutvā nidahitvā ṭhapitaṃyeva asītikoṭidhanaṃ vissajjetvā buddhappamukhassa bhikkhusaṅghassa mahādānaṃ datvā dhammaṃ sutvā saraṇesu patiṭṭhāya nikkhamitvā pabbaji. Sopi naṃ ‘‘anāgate buddho bhavissasī’’ti byākāsi. Sumedhassa bhagavato sudassanaṃ nāma nagaraṃ ahosi, sudatto nāma rājā pitā, mātāpi sudattā nāma, saraṇo ca sabbakāmo ca dve aggasāvakā, sāgaro nāmupaṭṭhāko, rāmā ca surāmā ca dve aggasāvikā, mahānīparukkho bodhi, sarīraṃ aṭṭhāsītihatthubbedhaṃ ahosi, āyu navuti vassasahassānīti.
在那之后,逾越七万劫后,有名持明苏伽陀者,诞生于一劫中,出现两佛。持明佛弟子三众亦随之。初众为净见城百万无染比库,第二众九千万,第三众八千万。当时菩萨名为北方者,是童子。放弃并舍去八十千万钱宝,广泛供养佛陀前领导的比库僧团,闻法受持,皈依三宝而出家。其亦被预言“未来当有佛出世”。持明佛时代有净见城,父亲名净达为王,母亲名净达陀,皈依者二人皆具足善根,守护者名为大海及波罗摩,二菩萨随从。大菩提树高八十八肘。寿命达九千万岁。
‘‘Padumuttarassa aparena, sumedho nāma nāyako;
“波头摩陀罗之后,有名持明者为主导;
Durāsado uggatejo, sabbalokuttamo munī’’ti.
光明远射如高峰,众生皆尊禅定圣者。”
Tassa aparabhāge sujāto nāma satthā udapādi. Tassāpi tayo sāvakasannipātā ahesuṃ. Paṭhamasannipāte saṭṭhi bhikkhusatasahassāni ahesuṃ, dutiye paññāsaṃ, tatiye cattālīsaṃ. Tadā bodhisatto cakkavattirājā hutvā ‘‘buddho uppanno’’ti sutvā upasaṅkamitvā dhammaṃ sutvā buddhappamukhassa bhikkhusaṅghassa saddhiṃ sattahi ratanehi catumahādīparajjaṃ datvā satthu santike pabbaji. Sakalaraṭṭhavāsino raṭṭhuppādaṃ gahetvā ārāmikakiccaṃ sādhentā buddhappamukhassa bhikkhusaṅghassa niccaṃ mahādānaṃ adaṃsu. Sopi naṃ satthā ‘‘anāgate buddho bhavissasī’’ti byākāsi. Tassa bhagavato nagaraṃ sumaṅgalaṃ nāma ahosi, uggato nāma rājā pitā, pabhāvatī nāma mātā, sudassano ca sudevo ca dve aggasāvakā, nārado nāmupaṭṭhāko, nāgā ca nāgasamālā ca dve aggasāvikā, mahāveḷurukkho bodhi. So kira mandacchiddo ghanakkhandho upari niggatāhi mahāsākhāhi morapiñchakalāpo viya virocittha. Tassa bhagavato sarīraṃ paṇṇāsahatthubbedhaṃ ahosi, āyu navuti vassasahassānīti.
在那之后,名为苏迦多的圣者诞生了。在他时代,也有三众僧团存在。第一众有六千万比库,第二众有五千万,第三众有四千一百万。那时,菩提萨埵成为了世王,闻说“佛陀诞生”后,前来奉听教法,赐予佛所领僧团七宝与四大庄严,皈依于佛。全国诸居民集结成为国民,努力精进寺院事务,常为佛所领僧团作大布施。佛亦曾预言此后将有佛陀出世。其时世尊所在的城市名为苏芒伽拉,父为乌加多王,母为婆伐伐帝,诸大首席弟子中有苏达萨那和苏帝婆二人,侍者有那罗多,女首弟子有那迦与那迦萨迦拉,菩提树名为摩诃维鲁鲁迦那。此树如一团浓密云层,枝叶密集如孔雀列翼环绕。佛陀身高五十肘,有九万岁的寿命。
‘‘Tattheva maṇḍakappamhi, sujāto nāma nāyako;
“彼时,在摩诃迦摩城,有一名苏迦多为酋长;
Sīhahanusabhakkhandho, appameyyo durāsado’’ti.
其体魁梧如狮头野牛,无法比拟,难以超越。”
Tassa aparabhāge ito aṭṭhārasakappasatamatthake ekasmiṃ kappe piyadassī, atthadassī, dhammadassīti tayo buddhā nibbattiṃsu. Piyadassissāpi tayo sāvakasannipātā ahesuṃ. Paṭhame koṭisatasahassā bhikkhū ahesuṃ, dutiye navutikoṭiyo, tatiye asītikoṭiyo. Tadā bodhisatto kassapo nāma māṇavo tiṇṇaṃ vedānaṃ pāraṃ gato hutvā satthu dhammadesanaṃ sutvā koṭisatasahassadhanapariccāgena saṅghārāmaṃ kāretvā saraṇesu ca sīlesu ca patiṭṭhāsi. Atha naṃ satthā ‘‘aṭṭhārasakappasataccayena buddho bhavissasī’’ti byākāsi. Tassa bhagavato anomaṃ nāma nagaraṃ ahosi, pitā sudinno nāma rājā, mātā candā nāma devī, pālito ca sabbadassī ca dve aggasāvakā, sobhito nāmupaṭṭhāko, sujātā ca dhammadinnā ca dve aggasāvikā, kakudharukkho bodhi, sarīraṃ asītihatthubbedhaṃ ahosi, navuti vassasahassāni āyūti.
之后十八亿劫时期,有一世佛名为毗耶多、阿车多、达摩多,三佛皆成佛。毗耶多时代亦有三众僧团。第一众有一亿比库,第二众九千万,第三众八千万。那时,菩提萨埵名为咖萨巴的学童,超越三界,闻佛讲法,以千万金银宝藏修建寺院,确立信众戒法。佛亦曾预言“十八亿劫后将有佛出世”。世尊所处城名阿诺玛,王为苏提努,母为旃陀夫人,二首弟子为婆利多和萨巴达西,侍者为索比多,二女首弟子为苏迦陀和达摩珍那,菩提树名为咖拘达律迦。佛身长八十肘,寿命九千万岁。
‘‘Sujātassa aparena, sayambhū lokanāyako;
“除苏迦多世尊外,世尊为自觉世界领袖;
Durāsado asamasamo, piyadassī mahāyaso’’ti.
难以超越,无与匹敌,毗耶多世尊威名显赫。”
Tassa aparabhāge atthadassī nāma satthā udapādi. Tassāpi tayo sāvakasannipātā ahesuṃ. Paṭhame aṭṭhanavuti bhikkhusatasahassāni ahesuṃ, dutiye aṭṭhāsītisatasahassāni, tathā tatiye. Tadā bodhisatto susīmo nāma mahiddhiko tāpaso hutvā devalokato mandāravapupphacchattaṃ āharitvā satthāraṃ pūjesi, sopi naṃ ‘‘anāgate buddho bhavissasī’’ti byākāsi. Tassa bhagavato sobhitaṃ nāma nagaraṃ ahosi, sāgaro nāma rājā pitā, sudassanā nāma mātā, santo ca upasanto ca dve aggasāvakā, abhayo nāmupaṭṭhāko, dhammā ca sudhammā ca dve aggasāvikā, campakarukkho bodhi, sarīraṃ asītihatthubbedhaṃ ahosi, sarīrappabhā samantato sabbakālaṃ yojanamattaṃ pharitvā aṭṭhāsi, āyu vassasatasahassanti.
在那个时期,称为“显义者”的导师出现了。他也有三众弟子汇聚。第一众时有八十八万比库,第二众八十八万,第三众亦然。那时,菩萨名为苏悉摩,具有大神力,承受严格苦行,从天界带来了曼陀罗花盖供养导师;导师即为他示现,称他为“未来将成佛者”。那尊世尊所居之处称为“璞市”,尊者大王名为“萨迦罗”,母亲名为“苏达萨娜”,其中有善良与安静的两位上首弟子,护卫尊者者名为“阿跋也”,并有正法与正律的两位上首弟子。菩萨所依靠的菩提树为“缁槃罗枳树”,身高八十八肘,身形状貌常以约一由旬的四周散布光明,寿命为一百千年。
‘‘Tattheva maṇḍakappamhi, atthadassī narāsabho;
“正是在此曼陀罗界,显义者人中的雄狮,
Mahātamaṃ nihantvāna, patto sambodhimuttama’’nti.
斩断极广大暗,得至究竟正觉。”
Tassa aparabhāge dhammadassī nāma satthā udapādi. Tassāpi tayo sāvakasannipātā ahesuṃ. Paṭhame koṭisataṃ bhikkhū ahesuṃ, dutiye sattatikoṭiyo, tatiye asītikoṭiyo. Tadā bodhisatto sakko devarājā hutvā dibbagandhapupphehi ca dibbatūriyehi ca pūjaṃ akāsi, sopi naṃ ‘‘anāgate buddho bhavissasī’’ti byākāsi. Tassa bhagavato saraṇaṃ nāma nagaraṃ ahosi, pitā saraṇo nāma rājā, mātā sunandā nāma, padumo ca phussadevo ca dve aggasāvakā, sunetto nāmupaṭṭhāko , khemā ca sabbanāmā ca dve aggasāvikā, rattaṅkurarukkho bodhi, ‘‘bimbijālo’’tipi vuccati, sarīraṃ panassa asītihatthubbedhaṃ ahosi, vassasatasahassaṃ āyūti.
那个时期,称为“展教者”的导师出现。他亦有三众弟子汇聚。第一众时有一千万比库,第二众七千万,第三众八千万。那时,菩萨为天帝萨咖,受诸天香花与天树供养,他亦宣称“未来将成佛者”。世尊所在地称为“娑罗那”,父亲为王“娑罗那”,母亲名为“苏难陀”,其中有上首弟子“波突摩”和“普速陀”,护卫者名为“孙那多”,正法正律的两位上首弟子名为“骞摩”和“萨拔那”,所依菩提树为“罗吒木”,又名“纤面子”,他身高八十八肘,寿命为一千万百千年。
‘‘Tattheva maṇḍakappamhi, dhammadassī mahāyaso;
“正是在此曼陀罗界,展教者闻名广博,
Tamandhakāraṃ vidhamitvā, atirocati sadevake’’ti.
破除无明黑暗,光明照耀天众。”
Tassa aparabhāge ito catunavutikappamatthake ekasmiṃ kappe ekova siddhattho nāma buddho udapādi. Tassāpi tayo sāvakasannipātā ahesuṃ. Paṭhamasannipāte koṭisatasahassaṃ bhikkhū ahesuṃ, dutiye navutikoṭiyo, tatiye asītikoṭiyo. Tadā bodhisatto uggatejo abhiññābalasampanno maṅgalo nāma tāpaso hutvā mahājambuphalaṃ āharitvā tathāgatassa adāsi. Satthā taṃ phalaṃ paribhuñjitvā ‘‘catunavutikappamatthake buddho bhavissasī’’ti bodhisattaṃ byākāsi. Tassa bhagavato nagaraṃ vebhāraṃ nāma ahosi, pitā jayaseno nāma rājā, mātā suphassā nāma, sambalo ca sumitto ca dve aggasāvakā, revato nāmupaṭṭhāko, sīvalī ca surāmā ca dve aggasāvikā, kaṇikārarukkho bodhi, sarīraṃ saṭṭhihatthubbedhaṃ ahosi, vassasatasahassaṃ āyūti.
在那后半段的四十九劫之后,在一个劫中的某一时期,出现了一位名为悉达多的佛陀。彼时亦有三众弟子群聚。第一众在其中拥有一亿二千万比库,第二众为九千万,第三众为八千万。那时菩萨具足了高锋锐的智慧力,化为名为吉祥的苦行者,采得大樹果实,献与如来。世尊享用此果时说:「于四十九劫后当成佛。」当时世尊的城邑称为韦婆罗,父名佳耶胜,母名素法莎,有三护卫弟子,名为赞波罗与苏密多;护卫女弟子二人,名为悉瓦利与苏啦玛。菩萨名为加尼迦萝树,在身量方面有六十肘余长,寿命达一百万年。
‘‘Dhammadassissa aparena, siddhattho nāma nāyako;
「法光之后,名为悉达多的圣者为领导者;
Nihanitvā tamaṃ sabbaṃ, sūriyo abbhuggato yathā’’ti.
隐没一切黑暗,如同上升的太阳。」
Tassa aparabhāge ito dvānavutikappamatthake tisso phussoti ekasmiṃ kappe dve buddhā nibbattiṃsu. Tissassa bhagavato tayo sāvakasannipātā ahesuṃ. Paṭhamasannipāte bhikkhūnaṃ koṭisataṃ ahosi, dutiye navutikoṭiyo, tatiye asītikoṭiyo. Tadā bodhisatto mahābhogo mahāyaso sujāto nāma khattiyo hutvā isipabbajjaṃ pabbajitvā mahiddhikabhāvaṃ patvā ‘‘buddho uppanno’’ti sutvā dibbamandāravapadumapāricchattakapupphāni ādāya catuparisamajjhe gacchantaṃ tathāgataṃ pūjesi, ākāse pupphavitānaṃ akāsi. Sopi naṃ satthā ‘‘ito dvānavutikappe buddho bhavissasī’’ti byākāsi. Tassa bhagavato khemaṃ nāma nagaraṃ ahosi, pitā janasandho nāma khattiyo, mātā padumā nāma , brahmadevo ca udayo ca dve aggasāvakā, samaṅgo nāmupaṭṭhāko, phussā ca sudattā ca dve aggasāvikā, asanarukkho bodhi, sarīraṃ saṭṭhihatthubbedhaṃ ahosi, vassasatasahassaṃ āyūti.
在那后半段的二十二劫之后,在一个劫中的某一时期,现出了两位佛。此时三众弟子亦各自形成。第一众有一千万比库,第二众九千万,第三众八千万。那时菩萨是一位极其富有、卓越的贵族,名苏加陀,出家后获得伟大的威力,闻说「佛陀已出世」,携带天上曼陀罗花,夹带四众之中,前去恭敬如来,同时在空中洒下花雨。世尊亦言:「二十二劫后将成佛。」彼时世尊有一城名为迦摩,父名迦娜散陀,母名蓮花,婆罗门弟子二位,名梵天与优陀,侍者名萨曼哥,护卫女弟子二名,名富沙与苏荼。菩萨名阿沙那树,身长有六十肘余,寿命亦达一百万年。
‘‘Siddhatthassa aparena, asamo appaṭipuggalo;
「悉达多之后,非凡稀有人;
Anantasīlo amitayaso, tisso lokagganāyako’’ti.
具无限戒德,享无量荣耀,三方世间的主宰者。」
Tassa aparabhāge phusso nāma satthā udapādi. Tassāpi tayo sāvakasannipātā ahesuṃ. Paṭhamasannipāte saṭṭhi bhikkhusatasahassāni ahesuṃ, dutiye paṇṇāsa, tatiye dvattiṃsa. Tadā bodhisatto vijitāvī nāma khattiyo hutvā mahārajjaṃ pahāya satthu santike pabbajitvā tīṇi piṭakāni uggahetvā mahājanassa dhammakathaṃ kathesi, sīlapāramiñca pūresi. Sopi naṃ ‘‘buddho bhavissasī’’ti tatheva byākāsi. Tassa bhagavato kāsī nāma nagaraṃ ahosi, jayaseno nāma rājā pitā, sirimā nāma mātā, surakkhito ca dhammaseno ca dve aggasāvakā, sabhiyo nāmupaṭṭhāko, cālā ca upacālā ca dve aggasāvikā, āmalakarukkho bodhi, sarīraṃ aṭṭhapaṇṇāsahatthubbedhaṃ ahosi, navuti vassasahassāni āyūti.
那时,在那时代的后半段,名为佛陀的人出现了。他也有三次弟子聚会。第一次聚会时,有六万六千比库,第二次有五万,第三次有二十三万。当时,菩萨名为辟支佛,是统治者,抛弃了王位,出家于佛陀面前,取三藏,向大众讲说法义,修持戒波罗蜜。他也说道‘必将成佛’。那时候,世尊有一座名为迦尸城,父亲名叫吉耶塞努,母亲名为丝利摩,法军护卫者名为守护与法军,二位弟子首领,有萨彼与护拉两位女大弟子,菩提树为阿摩罗,那身体高达八十五肘,寿命九万岁。
‘‘Tattheva maṇḍakappamhi, ahu satthā anuttaro;
『正是在那个时期,出现了一位无上佛陀;
Anūpamo asamasamo, phusso lokagganāyako’’ti.
独一无二,无比无双,降临世间为诸天之首』。
Tassa aparabhāge ito ekanavutikappe vipassī nāma bhagavā udapādi. Tassāpi tayo sāvakasannipātā ahesuṃ. Paṭhamasannipāte aṭṭhasaṭṭhi bhikkhusatasahassaṃ ahosi, dutiye ekasatasahassaṃ, tatiye asītisahassāni. Tadā bodhisatto mahiddhiko mahānubhāvo atulo nāma nāgarājā hutvā sattaratanakhacitaṃ sovaṇṇamayaṃ mahāpīṭhaṃ bhagavato adāsi. Sopi naṃ ‘‘ito ekanavutikappe buddho bhavissasī’’ti byākāsi. Tassa bhagavato bandhumatī nāma nagaraṃ ahosi, bandhumā nāma rājā pitā, bandhumatī nāma mātā, khaṇḍo ca tisso ca dve aggasāvakā, asoko nāmupaṭṭhāko, candā ca candamittā ca dve aggasāvikā, pāṭalirukkho bodhi, sarīraṃ asītihatthubbedhaṃ ahosi, sarīrappabhā sadā satta yojanāni pharitvā aṭṭhāsi, asīti vassasahassāni āyūti.
在那个时代的后半段,名为毗婆尸佛的世尊出现了。他也有三次弟子聚会。第一次聚会时,有八万六千比库,第二次有一万,第三次有三万。当时菩萨具大利根、大威德,是名为阿土罗的城主,献七宝宝座,金色华丽,给世尊。他也说道’必将成佛出现在本时代‘。那时候世尊有一座名为班都摩提的城,父亲名班都摩,母亲名班都摩提,二位弟子首领名空多与提索,护法者名阿索哥,二位女首领名钵达与钵旦蜜陀,菩提树为波多利树,身长八十一肘,寿命三万岁,光芒常照七由旬。
‘‘Phussassa ca aparena, sambuddho dvipaduttamo;
『佛陀之后,就是这位菩提萨埵,称为双足第一佛;
Vipassī nāma nāmena, loke uppajji cakkhumā’’ti.
名叫毗婆尸,是世间生起的明眼者』。
Tassa aparabhāge ito ekatiṃsakappe sikhī ca vessabhū cāti dve buddhā ahesuṃ. Sikhissāpi bhagavato tayo sāvakasannipātā ahesuṃ. Paṭhamasannipāte bhikkhusatasahassaṃ ahosi, dutiye asītisahassāni, tatiye sattattisahassāni. Tadā bodhisatto arindamo nāma rājā hutvā buddhappamukhassa bhikkhusaṅghassa sacīvaraṃ mahādānaṃ pavattetvā sattaratanapaṭimaṇḍitaṃ hatthiratanaṃ datvā hatthippamāṇaṃ katvā kappiyabhaṇḍaṃ adāsi. Sopi naṃ ‘‘ito katiṃsakappe buddho bhavissasī’’ti byākāsi. Tassa bhagavato aruṇavatī nāma nagaraṃ ahosi, aruṇo nāma khattiyo pitā, pabhāvatī nāma mātā, abhibhū ca sambhavo ca dve aggasāvakā, khemaṅkaro nāmupaṭṭhāko, sakhilā ca padumā ca dve aggasāvikā, puṇḍarīkarukkho bodhi, sarīraṃ sattatihatthubbedhaṃ ahosi, sarīrappabhā yojanattayaṃ pharitvā aṭṭhāsi, sattati vassasahassāni āyūti.
在那个之后的三十三劫中,有两位佛出世,名为悉祇佛和维萨布佛。悉祇佛时期,世尊的三众弟子集结,第一次集会有比库一万人,第二次有一万八千人,第三次有七万三千人。当时,未来觉者前世为名叫阿林陀摩的国王,归依佛陀为首的比库僧团,布施珍宝为袈裟,是一笔大施赠,献出七宝坛城和象宝,象宝大小合适,捐赠了供养之物。他也预言说:“此后三十三劫内将再有佛出世。”那时世尊有一个名叫阿伦那瓦提的城,父亲名阿伦那,是部族首领,母亲名为婆婆瓦提。有两位主要弟子,名为阿毗佛和三摩缽佛。护持者名为迦漫迦罗,主弟子为萨吉拉与波陀摩。觉树为菩提树,身体高大,七十肘,光明遍照十由旬,寿命达七万岁。
‘‘Vipassissa aparena, sambuddho dvipaduttamo;
(佛传云)“毗婆尸佛之后,未来在世间有第二位自在觉者;
Sikhivhayo nāma jino, asamo appaṭipuggalo’’ti.
名为悉祇的圣者,是无与伦比的圣人。”
Tassa aparabhāge vessabhū nāma satthā udapādi. Tassāpi tayo sāvakasannipātā ahesuṃ. Paṭhamasannipāte asīti bhikkhusahassāni ahesuṃ, dutiye sattati, tatiye saṭṭhi. Tadā bodhisatto sudassano nāma rājā hutvā buddhappamukhassa bhikkhusaṅghassa sacīvaraṃ mahādānaṃ datvā tassa santike pabbajitvā ācāraguṇasampanno buddharatane cittīkārapītibahulo ahosi. Sopi naṃ bhagavā ‘‘ito ekatiṃsakappe buddho bhavissasī’’ti byākāsi. Tassa pana bhagavato anomaṃ nāma nagaraṃ ahosi, suppatīto nāma rājā pitā, yasavatī nāma mātā , soṇo ca uttaro ca dve aggasāvakā, upasanto nāmupaṭṭhāko, dāmā ca samālā ca dve aggasāvikā, sālarukkho bodhi, sarīraṃ saṭṭhihatthubbedhaṃ ahosi, saṭṭhi vassasahassāni āyūti.
在那个之后,维萨布佛出现。那时也有三众弟子集结。第一次集会有一万比库,第二次七十人,第三次六十人。未来觉者的前世为名叫苏达萨诺的国王,他归依佛陀为首的比库僧团,布施袈裟等法服大施。出家佛法德行具足,于佛宝门下心生欢喜。他也预言:“此后三十三劫内将再有佛出现。”那时世尊有一个名为阿诺玛的城,父亲名苏帕提,多华之母,主弟子为索诺和乌达罗。护持者为优萨多,有达摩和萨摩拉两主弟子。觉树为娑罗树,身体高达六十肘,寿命达六万岁。
‘‘Tattheva maṇḍakappamhi, asamo appaṭipuggalo;
“正是在那个时代,那个无与伦比的圣者,
Vessabhū nāma nāmena, loke uppajji so jino’’ti.
名为维萨布,以此名出现尘世。”
Tassa aparabhāge imasmiṃ kappe cattāro buddhā nibbattā kakusandho, koṇāgamano, kassapo, amhākaṃ bhagavāti. Kakusandhassa bhagavato ekova sāvakasannipāto, tattha cattālīsa bhikkhusahassāni ahesuṃ. Tadā bodhisatto khemo nāma rājā hutvā buddhappamukhassa bhikkhusaṅghassa sapattacīvaraṃ mahādānañceva añjanādibhesajjāni ca datvā satthu dhammadesanaṃ sutvā pabbaji. Sopi naṃ satthā byākāsi. Kakusandhassa pana bhagavato khemaṃ nāma nagaraṃ ahosi, aggidatto nāma brāhmaṇo pitā, visākhā nāma brāhmaṇī mātā, vidhuro ca sañjīvo ca dve aggasāvakā, buddhijo nāmupaṭṭhāko, sāmā ca campakā ca dve aggasāvikā , mahāsirīsarukkho bodhi, sarīraṃ cattālīsahatthubbedhaṃ ahosi, cattālīsa vassasahassāni āyūti.
在那一劫的后半部分,曾出现四位佛陀,即迦俱胝、拘那含、咖萨波,和我们这世尊。关于迦俱胝世尊,只有一处比库聚集,当时有四万一千比库。那时,未来佛名为迦摩,原为国王,成为佛陀僧团的首领,布施了袈裟等大慷慨的礼物,并施予眼药等医药,听闻了佛陀的法后而出家修行。佛陀也曾对他宣说法义。迦俱胝世尊所住之地名为迦摩城,他的父亲名为阿耆多婆罗门,母亲名为毗沙迦婆罗门,维护者为毗陀罗与散吉婆两位首席弟子,护理者为佛智与毗提两位首席侍者,佛陀比库尼有三槃树菩提,尸身高达四十一肘,寿命为四万一年。
‘‘Vessabhussa aparena, sambuddho dvipaduttamo;
“继迦俱胝之后,三昧正觉,世尊为二足尊最上者;
Kakusandho nāma nāmena, appameyyo durāsado’’ti.
“名叫迦俱胝,广大无边难可逾越。”
Tassa aparabhāge koṇāgamano nāma satthā udapādi. Tassāpi eko sāvakasannipāto, tattha tiṃsa bhikkhusahassāni ahesuṃ. Tadā bodhisatto pabbato nāma rājā hutvā amaccagaṇaparivuto satthu santikaṃ gantvā dhammadesanaṃ sutvā buddhappamukhaṃ bhikkhusaṅghaṃ nimantetvā mahādānaṃ pavattetvā paṭṭuṇṇacīnapaṭṭakoseyyakambaladukūlāni ceva suvaṇṇapādukañca datvā satthu santike pabbaji. Sopi naṃ byākāsi. Tassa bhagavato sobhavatī nāma nagaraṃ ahosi, yaññadatto nāma brāhmaṇo pitā, uttarā nāma brāhmaṇī mātā, bhiyyaso ca uttaro ca dve aggasāvakā, sotthijo nāmupaṭṭhāko, samuddā ca uttarā ca dve aggasāvikā, udumbararukkho bodhi, sarīraṃ tiṃsahatthubbedhaṃ ahosi, tiṃsa vassasahassāni āyūti.
在那一劫的后半部分,又出现拘那含世尊。当时亦有一处比库聚集,约有三万比库。那时,未来佛名为拔多,原为国王,率领青年战士,亲近世尊而学习法义,召集佛陀领军的比库僧团,开展了盛大的布施,施予席毯、衣被、遮布及金鞋等供养,随后在佛陀面前出家修行。佛陀也宣说他法义。拘那含世尊所住之地名为舍卫国,他的父亲名为为燃婆罗门,母亲名为乌陀罗婆罗门,两位首席弟子为比亚萨罗和比塔罗,侍者为苏提及乌陀罗两位首席护持,菩提树为老榕树,尸身高达三十肘,寿命三万年。
‘‘Kakusandhassa aparena, sambuddho dvipaduttamo;
“继迦俱胝之后,三昧正觉,世尊为二足尊最上者;
Koṇāgamano nāma jino, lokajeṭṭho narāsabho’’ti.
“名叫拘那含,胜人中最尊、世间第一。”
Tassa aparabhāge kassapo nāma satthā udapādi. Tassāpi eko sāvakasannipāto, tattha vīsati bhikkhusahassāni ahesuṃ. Tadā bodhisatto jotipālo nāma māṇavo hutvā tiṇṇaṃ vedānaṃ pāragū bhūmiyañca antalikkhe ca pākaṭo ghaṭīkārassa kumbhakārassa mitto ahosi. So tena saddhiṃ satthāraṃ upasaṅkamitvā dhammakathaṃ sutvā pabbajitvā āraddhavīriyo tīṇi piṭakāni uggahetvā vattāvattasampattiyā buddhassa sāsanaṃ sobhesi. Sopi naṃ byākāsi. Tassa bhagavato jātanagaraṃ bārāṇasī nāma ahosi, brahmadatto nāma brāhmaṇo pitā, dhanavatī nāma brāhmaṇī mātā, tisso ca bhāradvājo ca dve aggasāvakā, sabbamitto nāmupaṭṭhāko, anuḷā ca uruveḷā ca dve aggasāvikā, nigrodharukkho bodhi, sarīraṃ vīsatihatthubbedhaṃ ahosi, vīsati vassasahassāni āyūti.
在那以后,世尊名为咖萨巴的师长出现。在他时代,有一个比库众聚集,其中二万比库。那个时候,菩萨名为照护光明者,作为学童,已通达三种感官而超越的境地,他在天地之间清晰显现,恰似掌控钟表与罐器的工匠那样熟练。他与师长一同前来,听闻佛法说法,出家修行,发起精进,得以掌握三藏,因不断修持而使佛法光明辉煌。他也为佛所开示。那位世尊的出生地叫做王舍城,父亲是婆罗门名为梵达多,母亲是婆罗门夫人名为财女,有三名主随从以及两名首席弟子,护持者皆具全体,另外还有阿奴拉和乌鲁维拉,两名主要女众弟子。菩提树是无花果树,身高约二十肘,寿命约二万年。
‘‘Koṇāgamanassa aparena, sambuddho dvipaduttamo;
“在后一世,火光初现之时,正觉者为二洲之最雄伟者;
Kassapo nāma gottena, dhammarājā pabhaṅkaro’’ti.
世尊名咖萨巴,法王之光辉显现。”
Yasmiṃ pana kappe dīpaṅkaro dasabalo udapādi, tasmiṃ aññepi tayo buddhā ahesuṃ. Tesaṃ santikā bodhisattassa byākaraṇaṃ natthi, tasmā te idha na dassitā. Aṭṭhakathāyaṃ pana tamhā kappā paṭṭhāya sabbepi buddhe dassetuṃ idaṃ vuttaṃ –
在过去的一个劫中,火光也曾显现,名为迪帕卡罗,当时共有十亿之众。那时有三尊佛出世,但这些佛时代与菩萨相距遥远,故佛教义未被阐释,故此此处不予展示。然而注疏中详细述说过去劫称为“火光”者之事,目的是使一切佛陀时代皆得以示现。
‘‘Taṇhaṅkaro medhaṅkaro, athopi saraṇaṅkaro;
“渴求者,智慧者,同时也是归依者;
Dīpaṅkaro ca sambuddho, koṇḍañño dvipaduttamo.
火光佛为正觉者,坎陀那则为二洲之最雄者。”
‘‘Maṅgalo ca sumano ca, revato sobhito muni;
「吉祥者与善心者,雷瓦陀庄严的圣者;
Anomadassī padumo, nārado padumuttaro.
无上目者莲花,乃那罗他莲花上者。
‘‘Sumedho ca sujāto ca, piyadassī mahāyaso;
聪明者与贵族子,慈目者大名声者;
Atthadassī dhammadassī, siddhattho lokanāyako.
利义者法眼者,成就者世间导师。
‘‘Tisso phusso ca sambuddho, vipassī sikhi vessabhū;
三现者觉者,毗婆尸、锡迦、毗沙婆胡;
Kakusandho koṇāgamano, kassapo cāti nāyako.
迦拘沙奴、拘那迦摩奴、咖萨巴乃领袖。
‘‘Ete ahesuṃ sambuddhā, vītarāgā samāhitā;
『这些全是正觉者,无有贪著,专心恭敬;』
Sataraṃsīva uppannā, mahātamavinodanā;
『犹如七枝莲花绽放,极其欢喜;』
Jalitvā aggikhandhāva, nibbutā te sasāvakā’’ti.
『焚烧火焰之躯,令烦恼熄灭,即是彼等与众弟子皆证涅槃。』
Tattha amhākaṃ bodhisatto dīpaṅkarādīnaṃ catuvīsatiyā buddhānaṃ santike adhikāraṃ karonto kappasatasahassādhikāni cattāri asaṅkhyeyyāni āgato. Kassapassa pana bhagavato orabhāge ṭhapetvā imaṃ sammāsambuddhaṃ añño buddho nāma natthi. Iti dīpaṅkarādīnaṃ catuvīsatiyā buddhānaṃ santike laddhabyākaraṇo pana bodhisatto yenena –
『于此,吾等未来佛在二十四位佛中,受命于二十四位佛及其先辈,以无量无数劫为期间而来。于咖萨巴世尊之东南方,设立此正觉者,别无他佛。故于二十四佛中成就之费及其因缘,而未来佛于其中发挥大用。』
‘‘Manussattaṃ liṅgasampatti, hetu satthāradassanaṃ;
『为人身具标志,具有作如来师的因缘与见解;』
Pabbajjā guṇasampatti, adhikāro ca chandatā;
『出家具德能,具有成为佛陀的资质及渴望;』
Aṭṭhadhammasamodhānā, abhinīhāro samijjhatī’’ti. (bu. vaṃ. 2.59) –
『八法集成,行持得成』者,如是观也。(《增支部》)
Ime aṭṭha dhamme samodhānetvā dīpaṅkarapādamūle katābhinīhārena ‘‘handa buddhakare dhamme, vicināmi ito cito’’ti ussāhaṃ katvā ‘‘vicinanto tadādakkhiṃ, paṭhamaṃ dānapārami’’nti dānapāramitādayo buddhakārakadhammā diṭṭhā, te pūrentoyeva yāva vessantarattabhāvā āgami. Āgacchanto ca ye te katābhinīhārānaṃ bodhisattānaṃ ānisaṃsā saṃvaṇṇitā –
此八法成就之后,于拓跋佛足根处之修行表现,如是以『愿臻佛所作法,内外察之』为奋发,观照之时即遇见彼,谓之『探查于彼,首为布施波罗蜜』。所谓布施波罗蜜等,为成佛行之根本法门,乃见证诸佛造作法。此法充满至毗舍离时之境界。后来传来者,即为此修行表现之菩萨因缘所述——
‘‘Evaṃ sabbaṅgasampannā, bodhiyā niyatā narā;
『如是身具足,必定成佛之人;
Saṃsaraṃ dīghamaddhānaṃ, kappakoṭisatehipi.
于长久轮回中,即便百亿劫劫,
‘‘Avīcimhi nuppajjanti, tathā lokantaresu ca;
皆不堕地狱,亦不入诸他界;
Nijjhāmataṇhā khuppipāsā, na honti kālakañjakā.
渴爱息灭,苦饥绝断,绝无劫转者。』
‘‘Na honti khuddakā pāṇā, uppajjantāpi duggatiṃ;
『无小小恶行』者,即使发生也不能使人堕入恶趣。
Jāyamānā manussesu, jaccandhā na bhavanti te.
人在生存时,若是如此,则不会堕于生死盲暗之境。
‘‘Sotavekallatā natthi, na bhavanti mūgapakkhikā;
『耳聋目瞎』者,并无其类,愚钝如鸟者亦无存在。
Itthibhāvaṃ na gacchanti, ubhatobyañjanapaṇḍakā.
『不具女性特性』者,是两性皆无鉴别之人。
‘‘Na bhavanti pariyāpannā, bodhiyā niyatā narā;
『不受束缚者』,是指受定智觉照的人。
Muttā ānantarikehi, sabbattha suddhagocarā.
『解脱于中间界者』,是指处处清净,行住坐卧皆不染污。
‘‘Micchādiṭṭhiṃ na sevanti, kammakiriyadassanā;
『不正见』者,不依止于恶业所表现之见;
Vasamānāpi saggesu, asaññaṃ nūpapajjare.
即使身处天界之中,亦离无明,不受其染;
‘‘Suddhāvāsesu devesu, hetu nāma na vijjati;
纯洁清净之天界诸天中,此因缘实无生成;
Nekkhammaninnā sappurisā, visaṃyuttā bhavābhave;
持出离心之圣者,断除生死缠缚者;
Caranti lokatthacariyāyo, pūrenti sabbapāramī’’ti.
行世间利益之行,圆满诸善德为终极。」
Te ānisaṃse adhigantvāva āgato. Pāramiyo pūrentassa cassa akittibrāhmaṇakāle saṅkhabrāhmaṇakāle dhanañcayarājakāle mahāsudassanakāle mahāgovindakāle nimimahārājakāle candakumārakāle visayhaseṭṭhikāle sivirājakāle vessantarakāleti dānapāramitāya pūritattabhāvānaṃ parimāṇaṃ nāma natthi. Ekantena panassa sasapaṇḍitajātake –
彼于是预知此因缘而来。圆满众多波罗蜜时,无论是种姓婆罗门、沙库婆罗门、富甲王侯、伟大光明王、大牛王者、暹罗大王、月王子、地方首领、西毗诸王、毗舍那王等,以布施波罗蜜为满者,其量无有边际。特别就此单独例子,即为萨婆提王过去生事迹——
‘‘Bhikkhāya upagataṃ disvā, sakattānaṃ pariccajiṃ;
「见比库们来到,舍弃自身所有;
Dānena me samo natthi, esā me dānapāramī’’ti. (cariyā. 1.tassudānaṃ) –
我无与人等量的布施,这就是我的布施波罗蜜。」(行为第一·赐予篇)——
Evaṃ attapariccāgaṃ karontassa dānapāramitā paramatthapāramī nāma jātā. Tathā sīlavarājakāle campeyyanāgarājakāle bhūridattanāgarājakāle chaddantanāgarājakāle jayaddisarājaputtakāle alīnasattukumārakāleti sīlapāramitāya pūritattabhāvānaṃ parimāṇaṃ nāma natthi. Ekantena panassa saṅkhapālajātake –
由此对自我舍弃者,布施波罗蜜成为至高无上的波罗蜜。正如在守戒王时代、坎比耶那国王时代、普多那国王时代、察旦那国王时代、伽耶国王子时代,有贪欲恶向中的世俗儿郎时,守戒波罗蜜圆满的尺度无有量度。单一地说,在维持守护者生平故事中——
‘‘Sūlehi vijjhiyantopi, koṭṭiyantopi sattihi;
「即使被荆棘刺刺,或遭受百般伤害;
Bhojaputte na kuppāmi, esā me sīlapāramī’’ti. (cariyā. 2.91) –
我对布阇子不生嗔恨,这就是我的守戒波罗蜜。」(行为第二·第九十一)——
Evaṃ attapariccāgaṃ karontassa sīlapāramitā paramatthapāramī nāma jātā. Tathā somanassakumārakāle, hatthipālakumārakāle, ayogharapaṇḍitakāleti mahārajjaṃ pahāya nekkhammapāramitāya pūritattabhāvānaṃ parimāṇaṃ nāma natthi. Ekantena panassa cūḷasutasomajātake –
由此对自我舍弃者,守戒波罗蜜成为至高无上的波罗蜜。正如在梵欢儿时代、大象守护者儿时代、无喧智者时代,舍弃大国,正如出家波罗蜜圆满的尺度无有量度。单一地说,在护教长者索摩故事中——
‘‘Mahārajjaṃ hatthagataṃ, kheḷapiṇḍaṃva chaḍḍayiṃ;
『放弃王位如同舍去无用的糠秕,』
Cajato na hoti laggaṃ, esā me nekkhammapāramī’’ti. –
『舍去之后不会拖累我,‘这是我出家德行的究竟完成’。』
Evaṃ nissaṅgatāya rajjaṃ chaḍḍetvā nikkhamantassa nekkhammapāramitā paramatthapāramī nāma jātā. Tathā vidhurapaṇḍitakāle, mahāgovindapaṇḍitakāle, kuddālapaṇḍitakāle, arakapaṇḍitakāle, bodhiparibbājakakāle, mahosadhapaṇḍitakāleti, paññāpāramitāya pūritattabhāvānaṃ parimāṇaṃ nāma natthi. Ekantena panassa sattubhastajātake senakapaṇḍitakāle –
因此,断绝俗世王权而出家之时,即生起名为出家德行究竟完成的极致德行。就此而言,在智者之时、摩诃果顶智者之时、钝索智者之时、尼槃智者之时、觉悟游方者之时、大神药智者之时,智慧德行已具足无余,无有比量。可是专注单一而言,在众生之手出生时、战争智者之时——
‘‘Paññāya vicinantohaṃ, brāhmaṇaṃ mocayiṃ dukhā;
『我以智慧思虑,令婆罗门解脱苦难;』
Paññāya me samo natthi, esā me paññāpāramī’’ti. –
『我无等于此智慧,这就是我的智慧波罗蜜。』
Antobhastagataṃ sappaṃ dassentassa paññāpāramitā paramatthapāramī nāma jātā. Tathā vīriyapāramitādīnampi pūritattabhāvānaṃ parimāṇaṃ nāma natthi. Ekantena panassa mahājanakajātake –
因此,在众手之间展现智慧时,生起名为智慧波罗蜜至高极致的德行。且能源于精进波罗蜜等皆无充满之极量。专注而言,于大贤圣王生时——
‘‘Atīradassī jalamajjhe, hatā sabbeva mānusā;
“行越水中,诸人皆已灭绝;
Cittassa aññathā natthi, esā me vīriyapāramī’’ti. –
唯有心意未曾别异,此即吾之精进波罗蜜。”
Evaṃ mahāsamuddaṃ tarantassa pavattā vīriyapāramitā paramatthapāramī nāma jātā. Khantivādijātake –
由是,渡越大海时所扬起者,名为精进波罗蜜、究竟波罗蜜。于《忍耐论本生经》中曰:
‘‘Acetanaṃva koṭṭente, tiṇhena pharasunā mamaṃ;
“如无觉者挥斧斫我,我以三铁柯未生嗔恚;
Kāsirāje na kuppāmi, esā me khantipāramī’’ti. –
不向迦尸王起恼怒,此为吾忍辱波罗蜜。”
Evaṃ acetanabhāvena viya mahādukkhaṃ adhivāsentassa khantipāramitā paramatthapāramī nāma jātā. Mahāsutasomajātake –
由此,如同无心之状承受大苦者,此忍辱波罗蜜获名为究竟波罗蜜。于《大梵天起经》中云:
‘‘Saccavācaṃ anurakkhanto, cajitvā mama jīvitaṃ;
『守护真语,舍弃我的生命;』
Mocesiṃ ekasataṃ khattiye, esā me saccapāramī’’ti. –
『我解脱了一百位刹帝利,这是真实完美功德』。」
Evaṃ jīvitaṃ cajitvā saccamanurakkhantassa saccapāramitā paramatthapāramī nāma jātā. Mūgapakkhajātake –
由此舍弃生命而守护真语者,称为真语布施,这是真实的最高功德。犊鸟本生经中说——
‘‘Mātā pitā na me dessā, napi me dessaṃ mahāyasaṃ;
『我无父母出现,也无尊贵者现身;我一切智慧皆属我所亲,因此我大胆自居』。
Sabbaññutaṃ piyaṃ mayhaṃ, tasmā vatamadhiṭṭhahi’’nti. (cariyā. 3.6 thokaṃ visadisaṃ) –
(行为品3章第6节分句释)——
Evaṃ jīvitampi cajitvā vataṃ adhiṭṭhahantassa adhiṭṭhānapāramitā paramatthapāramī nāma jātā. Ekarājajātake –
如是舍弃生命而大胆自居者,称为大胆布施,此为最高实义功德。独王本生经中说——
‘‘Na maṃ koci uttasati, napihaṃ bhāyāmi kassaci;
『无一人苦我,我亦不惧任何人;』
Mettābalenupatthaddho, ramāmi pavane tadā’’ti. (cariyā. 3.113) –
『凭慈悲之力,我那时在微风中安乐自在。』(行为品第3章第113偈)
Evaṃ jīvitampi anoloketvā mettāyantassa mettāpāramitā paramatthapāramī nāma jātā. Lomahaṃsajātake –
如是观察生命之后,生起了以慈悲为满盈、以慈悲波罗蜜为最高意乐的究竟波罗蜜,此即名为究竟波罗蜜。此为鸥鹭本生经说:
‘‘Susāne seyyaṃ kappemi, chavaṭṭhikaṃ upadhāyahaṃ;
『我筑凉床于田间,担当寄宿之责任;
Gāmaṇḍalā upāgantvā, rūpaṃ dassentinappaka’’nti. (cariyā. 3.119) –
当乡村围绕之时,显现有形象将示现。』(行为品第3章第119偈)
Evaṃ gāmadārakesu niṭṭhubhanādīhi ceva mālāgandhūpahārādīhi ca sukhadukkhaṃ uppādentesupi upekkhaṃ anativattantassa upekkhāpāramitā paramatthapāramī nāma jātā. Ayamettha saṅkhepo, vitthārato panesa attho cariyāpiṭakato gahetabbo. Evaṃ pāramiyo pūretvā vessantarattabhāve ṭhito –
因而在乡村童子中,于戳齿刺痛与各式花环香品之供养,虽生喜乐苦受,然不越过不执著之中道,此为无分别念波罗蜜之究竟波罗蜜。此处略说,详见行为藏方得其义。诸波罗蜜皆圆成后,于维桑达纳城之身继世间状态立定,然后——
‘‘Acetanāyaṃ pathavī, aviññāya sukhaṃ dukhaṃ;
‘这大地因无意识故,感受快乐与痛苦;’
Sāpi dānabalā mayhaṃ, sattakkhattuṃ pakampathā’’ti. (cariyā. 1.124) –
‘这也是我以布施之力,动摇七十二千年。’(行为章 1.124)——
Evaṃ mahāpathavikampanādīni mahāpuññāni katvā āyupariyosāne tato cuto tusitabhavane nibbatti. Iti dīpaṅkarapādamūlato paṭṭhāya yāva ayaṃ tusitapure nibbatti, ettakaṃ ṭhānaṃ dūrenidānaṃ nāmāti veditabbaṃ.
因这大地剧烈震动等,曾造多大善业,在寿命终尽之时,从此而生于忉利天界。如此从迪帕迦尊者脚下开始起,直到此忉利天城为止,此地虽远且深,称为难以知见之所。
Dūrenidānakathā niṭṭhitā. · 远因缘故事已毕。
2. Avidūrenidānakathā二、不远因缘故事
Tusitapure vasanteyeva pana bodhisatte buddhakolāhalaṃ nāma udapādi. Lokasmiñhi tīṇi kolāhalāni uppajjanti – kappakolāhalaṃ, buddhakolāhalaṃ, cakkavattikolāhalanti. Tattha ‘‘vassasatasahassassa accayena kappuṭṭhānaṃ bhavissatī’’ti lokabyūhā nāma kāmāvacaradevā muttasirā vikiṇṇakesā rudamukhā assūni hatthehi puñchamānā rattavatthanivatthā ativiya virūpavesadhārino hutvā manussapathe vicarantā evaṃ ārocenti ‘‘mārisā ito vassasatasahassassa accayena kappuṭṭhānaṃ bhavissati, ayaṃ loko vinassissati, mahāsamuddopi sussissati , ayañca mahāpathavī sineru ca pabbatarājā uḍḍayhissanti vinassissanti, yāva brahmalokā lokavināso bhavissati, mettaṃ mārisā bhāvetha, karuṇaṃ, muditaṃ, upekkhaṃ mārisā bhāvetha, mātaraṃ upaṭṭhahatha, pitaraṃ upaṭṭhahatha, kule jeṭṭhāpacāyino hothā’’ti. Idaṃ kappakolāhalaṃ nāma. Vassasahassassa accayena pana sabbaññubuddho loke uppajjissatīti lokapāladevatā ‘‘ito mārisā vassasahassassa accayena buddho loke uppajjissatī’’ti ugghosentā āhiṇḍanti. Idaṃ buddhakolāhalaṃ nāma. Vassasatassa accayena cakkavattī rājā uppajjissatīti devatā ‘‘ito mārisā vassasatassa accayena cakkavattī rājā loke uppajjissatī’’ti ugghosentiyo āhiṇḍanti. Idaṃ cakkavattikolāhalaṃ nāma. Imāni tīṇi kolāhalāni mahantāni honti.
虽然居于忉利天城时,菩萨却生诸佛之震动声。世间共有三种震动声,即恒河沙数载间的小颤动(劫震),诸佛成道时的震动(佛震),以及转轮圣王即位时的震动(王震)。其中,‘因数千万年而终有破坏’乃是世人流布的谣传。那些贪欲天人披散头发、涕泪横流,手挽头发,穿着多少污秽丑陋的服饰,在世间道路上行走,哭号说:“魔王啊,因数千万年后必有灾难,世界必灭,海洋将干涸,大地连同山岳都将崩毁直至梵天界灭亡,愿魔王生起慈悲喜舍,愿你护持母亲,护持父亲,护持族中老人。”这叫作‘劫震’。
Tesu buddhakolāhalasaddaṃ sutvā sakaladasasahassacakkavāḷadevatā ekato sannipatitvā ‘‘asuko nāma satto buddho bhavissatī’’ti ñatvā taṃ upasaṅkamitvā āyācanti. Āyācamānā ca pubbanimittesu uppannesu āyācanti. Tadā pana sabbāpi devatā ekekacakkavāḷe catumahārājasakkasuyāmasantusitasunimmitavasavattimahābrahmehi saddhiṃ ekacakkavāḷe sannipatitvā tusitabhavane bodhisattassa santikaṃ gantvā ‘‘mārisā tumhehi dasa pāramiyo pūrentehi na sakkasampattiṃ, na mārasampattiṃ, na brahmasampattiṃ, na cakkavattisampattiṃ patthentehi pūritā, lokanittharaṇatthāya pana sabbaññutaṃ patthentehi pūritā, so vo idāni kālo mārisā buddhattāya samayo, mārisā buddhattāya samayo’’ti yāciṃsu.
闻佛震声,十万诸天聚集一处,知道‘将有一位名为阿须伦的众生成佛’,遂前往请问,且请教之前缘由。那时,所有天众和四大天王、帝释等诸天,和广大梵天同聚一处,至忉利天城见菩萨,告诉他:“魔王啊,你应以十波罗蜜满具,而非得天王、魔王、梵天、转轮圣王的成就为满;但应满诸佛所化成的智慧,以引导出世。”这即是佛震。
Atha mahāsatto devatānaṃ paṭiññaṃ adatvāva kāladīpadesakulajanettiāyuparicchedavasena pañcamahāvilokanaṃ nāma vilokesi. Tattha ‘‘kālo nu kho, akālo nu kho’’ti paṭhamaṃ kālaṃ vilokesi. Tattha vassasatasahassato uddhaṃ vaḍḍhitaāyukālo kālo nāma na hoti. Kasmā? Tadā hi sattānaṃ jātijarāmaraṇāni na paññāyanti. Buddhānañca dhammadesanā tilakkhaṇamuttā nāma natthi. Tesaṃ ‘‘aniccaṃ, dukkhaṃ, anattā’’ti kathentānaṃ ‘‘kiṃ nāmetaṃ kathentī’’ti neva sotabbaṃ na saddhātabbaṃ maññanti, tato abhisamayo na hoti, tasmiṃ asati aniyyānikaṃ sāsanaṃ hoti. Tasmā so akālo. Vassasatato ūnaāyukālopi kālo na hoti. Kasmā? Tadā sattā ussannakilesā honti, ussannakilesānañca dinno ovādo ovādaṭṭhāne na tiṭṭhati, udake daṇḍarāji viya khippaṃ vigacchati . Tasmā sopi akālo. Vassasatasahassato pana paṭṭhāya heṭṭhā, vassasatato paṭṭhāya uddhaṃ āyukālo kālo nāma. Tadā ca vassasatakālo. Atha mahāsatto ‘‘nibbattitabbakālo’’ti kālaṃ passi.
之后,大菩萨不顾诸天的请求,观观法界之时轮——生死轮,进行了第五次的大观察,也就是所谓的时间观察。
Tato dīpaṃ vilokento saparivāre cattāro dīpe oloketvā ‘‘tīsu dīpesu buddhā na nibbattanti, jambudīpeyeva nibbattantī’’ti dīpaṃ passi.
于是,他观看诸岛及其周围,观察了四个岛屿后说:“三岛之中无佛出现,唯有占毗洲岛上有佛出世。”此时,他目视那个岛屿。
Tato ‘‘jambudīpo nāma mahā dasayojanasahassaparimāṇo, katarasmiṃ nu kho padese buddhā nibbattantī’’ti okāsaṃ vilokento majjhimadesaṃ passi. Majjhimadeso nāma – ‘‘puratthimāya disāya gajaṅgalaṃ nāma nigamo, tassa aparena mahāsālo, tato paraṃ paccantimā janapadā, orato majjhe. Pubbadakkhiṇāya disāya sallavatī nāma nadī, tato paraṃ paccantimā janapadā, orato majjhe. Dakkhiṇāya disāya setakaṇṇikaṃ nāma nigamo, tato paraṃ paccantimā janapadā, orato majjhe. Pacchimāya disāya thūṇaṃ nāma brāhmaṇagāmo, tato paraṃ paccantimā janapadā, orato majjhe. Uttarāya disāya usīraddhajo nāma pabbato, tato paraṃ paccantimā janapadā, orato majjhe’’ti evaṃ vinaye (mahāva. 259) vutto padeso. So āyāmato tīṇi yojanasatāni, vitthārato aḍḍhateyyāni, parikkhepato nava yojanasatānīti etasmiṃ padese buddhā, paccekabuddhā, aggasāvakā, asīti mahāsāvakā, cakkavattirājā aññe ca mahesakkhā khattiyabrāhmaṇagahapatimahāsālā uppajjanti. Idañcettha kapilavatthu nāma nagaraṃ, tattha mayā nibbattitabbanti niṭṭhaṃ agamāsi.
然后,他观察到名为占毗洲的大岛,面积约为一万由旬。他观看岛上诸处,问道:“佛陀究竟在此地何处出世呢?”于是他目视中部地区。所谓中部地区者,东面有名为象林的森林及其旁边大平原,西面有向南延伸的诸国位于平原中部。东北有名为萨罗伐提的河川,河川附近西南方有诸国位于平原中,东南有名为塞陀迦尼迦的城市,城市附近西南有诸国位于平原中部。西面有名为突那的婆罗门村庄,村庄附近西南方有诸国位于平原中部。北面有名为优尸白提的山岳,山附近西南也有诸国位于平原中部。此即在〈大律·第259经〉中所说的地区。该区域长三百由旬,宽八十二由旬,自边缘量度达九百由旬。在此地有佛、缘觉、众比库长老、十大弟子、轮王及其他多位诸天、长老及婆罗门诸富豪兴起。这里即是名为咖毕拉瓦图的城镇,彼处我当得涅槃,亦如所言,于此安住而终。
Tato kulaṃ vilokento ‘‘buddhā nāma vessakule vā suddakule vā na nibbattanti, lokasammate pana khattiyakule vā brāhmaṇakulevāti dvīsuyeva kulesu nibbattanti. Idāni ca khattiyakulaṃ lokasammataṃ , tattha nibbattissāmi. Suddhodano nāma rājā me pitā bhavissatī’’ti kulaṃ passi.
接着,他观察家族,心念:“佛陀从不在宰须王家或首陀罗家出生,而是在世人认可的刹帝利家或婆罗门家族中出世。我现已认可刹帝利家族,于此之中我将得涅槃。我的父亲将成为名为须达多的国王。”因此他注视那家族。
Tato mātaraṃ vilokento ‘‘buddhamātā nāma lolā surādhuttā na hoti, kappasatasahassaṃ pana pūritapāramī jātito paṭṭhāya akhaṇḍapañcasīlāyeva hoti. Ayañca mahāmāyā nāma devī edisī, ayaṃ me mātā bhavissati, kittakaṃ panassā āyūti dasannaṃ māsānaṃ upari satta divasānī’’ti passi.
然后,他又观察母亲,心念曰:“佛的母亲名为罗摩,非酗酒好色之人,而是修完无数劫布满波罗蜜的善人,持守节制五戒不破坏。此女子名为摩诃摩耶,是我的母亲,其寿命虽有限,刚好超出一万零十个月零七天。”
Iti imaṃ pañcamahāvilokanaṃ viloketvā ‘‘kālo me mārisā buddhabhāvāyā’’ti devatānaṃ saṅgahaṃ karonto paṭiññaṃ datvā ‘‘gacchatha, tumhe’’ti tā devatā uyyojetvā tusitadevatāhi parivuto tusitapure nandanavanaṃ pāvisi. Sabbadevalokesu hi nandanavanaṃ atthiyeva. Tattha naṃ devatā ‘‘ito cuto sugatiṃ gaccha, ito cuto sugatiṃ gacchā’’ti pubbe katakusalakammokāsaṃ sārayamānā vicaranti. So evaṃ devatāhi kusalaṃ sārayamānāhi parivuto tattha vicaranto cavitvā mahāmāyāya deviyā kucchismiṃ paṭisandhiṃ gaṇhi.
至此,观察完五大景象,他心念:“时刻至矣,为成佛之时。”诸天集结,献上奉献供养,说道:“去吧!你们去吧!”这诸天即被萨天所引领,环绕着他们进入兜率天宫中的南方花园。在诸天界中,南方花园乃极盛之地。诸天在此游行,忆念先前善行的成果,如前所记他们言:“由此往生极乐,到彼往生极乐。”诸天即在此善德的怯懦中游行,最后与摩诃摩耶天女相会于坟墓处。
Tassa āvibhāvatthaṃ ayamanupubbikathā – tadā kira kapilavatthunagare āsāḷhinakkhattaṃ saṅghuṭṭhaṃ ahosi, mahājano nakkhattaṃ kīḷati. Mahāmāyāpi devī pure puṇṇamāya sattamadivasato paṭṭhāya vigatasurāpānaṃ mālāgandhavibhūtisampannaṃ nakkhattakīḷaṃ anubhavamānā sattame divase pātova uṭṭhāya gandhodakena nhāyitvā cattāri satasahassāni vissajjetvā mahādānaṃ datvā sabbālaṅkāravibhūsitā varabhojanaṃ bhuñjitvā uposathaṅgāni adhiṭṭhāya alaṅkatapaṭiyattaṃ sirigabbhaṃ pavisitvā sirisayane nipannā niddaṃ okkamamānā imaṃ supinaṃ addasa – ‘cattāro kira naṃ mahārājāno sayaneneva saddhiṃ ukkhipitvā himavantaṃ netvā saṭṭhiyojanike manosilātale sattayojanikassa mahāsālarukkhassa heṭṭhā ṭhapetvā ekamantaṃ aṭṭhaṃsu. Atha nesaṃ deviyo āgantvā deviṃ anotattadahaṃ netvā manussamalaharaṇatthaṃ nhāpetvā dibbavatthaṃ nivāsāpetvā gandhehi vilimpāpetvā dibbapupphāni piḷandhāpetvā tato avidūre eko rajatapabbato atthi, tassa anto kanakavimānaṃ atthi , tattha pācīnasīsakaṃ dibbasayanaṃ paññāpetvā nipajjāpesuṃ. Atha bodhisatto setavaravāraṇo hutvā tato avidūre eko suvaṇṇapabbato atthi, tattha vicaritvā tato oruyha rajatapabbataṃ abhiruhitvā uttaradisato āgamma rajatadāmavaṇṇāya soṇḍāya setapadumaṃ gahetvā koñcanādaṃ naditvā kanakavimānaṃ pavisitvā mātusayanaṃ tikkhattuṃ padakkhiṇaṃ katvā dakkhiṇapassaṃ phāletvā kucchiṃ paviṭṭhasadiso ahosī’ti. Evaṃ uttarāsāḷhanakkhattena paṭisandhiṃ gaṇhi.
其间展示出往昔之事——当时在咖毕拉瓦图城,阿闍世月正满,众生盛集玩月。摩诃摩耶天女于城中满月七日后起床,沐浴于香水中,施放曼陀罗香花,布施大献,盛宴群贤,恭敬守斋后换穿华丽衣饰,卧于锦绣床榻之上。她梦见四大帝王同床而起,手持雪山,大树下安置座位,左边有银色宝座,丝绸装饰寝榻庄严。又见菩萨即将出生,自清净白波罗柑旁金山起身,登上银山,迎风来至北方,手执银白莲花,持黄金铎铃,进入金色宝座,卧于母亲骄子床上,三匝顺时针环绕,面朝南方,仿佛进入香气四溢的入睡状态。由此可见此梦象征佛陀将于乌萨月出生。」
Punadivase pabuddhā devī taṃ supinaṃ rañño ārocesi. Rājā catusaṭṭhimatte brāhmaṇapāmokkhe pakkosāpetvā gomayaharitūpalittāya lājādīhi katamaṅgalasakkārāya bhūmiyā mahārahāni āsanāni paññāpetvā tattha nisinnānaṃ brāhmaṇānaṃ sappimadhusakkharābhisaṅkhatassa varapāyāsassa suvaṇṇarajatapātiyo pūretvā suvaṇṇarajatapātīhiyeva paṭikujjitvā adāsi, aññehi ca ahatavatthakapilagāvidānādīhi te santappesi. Atha nesaṃ sabbakāmehi santappitānaṃ supinaṃ ārocāpetvā ‘‘kiṃ bhavissatī’’ti pucchi. Brāhmaṇā āhaṃsu ‘‘mā cintayi, mahārāja, deviyā te kucchimhi gabbho patiṭṭhito, so ca kho purisagabbho, na itthigabbho, putto te bhavissati. So sace agāraṃ ajjhāvasissati, rājā bhavissati cakkavattī; sace agārā nikkhamma pabbajissati, buddho bhavissati loke vivaṭṭacchado’’ti.
又一日,觉悟天女向熟睡的国王报告此事。国王布施给四十六名婆罗门解脱者,令他们穿着涂抹乳香的桑叶衣,施以端庄礼敬,并在地上布置了大王座位,使婆罗门们坐在那里,用蜂蜜、蜜糖、黄油和金银器皿斟满奉献,并以金银器皿盛装后来回递送,其他人则以没药、岩蔗乳香等将它们熏染安慰他们。于是对这些皆心满意足的人叫醒熟睡者,问道:“将会怎样呢?”婆罗门们说:“大王,请勿忧虑,天女腹中有胎,其为人胎非女胎,必有子。若此胎留在家中,将为王者;若出家出家为道者,将为世间觉者。”
Bodhisattassa pana mātukucchimhi paṭisandhiggahaṇakkhaṇe ekappahāreneva sakaladasasahassī lokadhātu saṅkampi sampakampi sampavedhi. Bāttiṃsapubbanimittāni pāturahesuṃ – dasasu cakkavāḷasahassesu appamāṇo obhāso phari. Tassa taṃ siriṃ daṭṭhukāmā viya andhā cakkhūni paṭilabhiṃsu, badhirā saddaṃ suṇiṃsu, mūgā samālapiṃsu, khujjā ujugattā ahesuṃ, paṅgulā padasā gamanaṃ paṭilabhiṃsu, bandhanagatā sabbasattā andubandhanādīhi mucciṃsu, sabbanarakesu aggi nibbāyi, pettivisaye khuppipāsā vūpasami, tiracchānānaṃ bhayaṃ nāhosi, sabbasattānaṃ rogo vūpasami, sabbasattā piyaṃvadā ahesuṃ, madhurenākārena assā hasiṃsu, vāraṇā gajjiṃsu, sabbatūriyāni sakasakaninnādaṃ muñciṃsu, aghaṭṭitāniyeva manussānaṃ hatthūpagādīni ābharaṇāni viraviṃsu, sabbadisā vippasannā ahesuṃ , sattānaṃ sukhaṃ uppādayamāno mudusītalavāto vāyi, akālamegho vassi, pathavitopi udakaṃ ubbhijjitvā vissandi, pakkhino ākāsagamanaṃ vijahiṃsu, nadiyo asandamānā aṭṭhaṃsu, mahāsamudde madhuraṃ udakaṃ ahosi, sabbatthakameva pañcavaṇṇehi padumehi sañchannatalo ahosi, thalajajalajādīni sabbapupphāni pupphiṃsu, rukkhānaṃ khandhesu khandhapadumāni, sākhāsu sākhāpadumāni, latāsu latāpadumāni pupphiṃsu, thale silātalāni bhinditvā uparūpari satta satta hutvā daṇḍapadumāni nāma nikkhamiṃsu, ākāse olambakapadumāni nāma nibbattiṃsu, samantato pupphavassā vassiṃsu, ākāse dibbatūriyāni vajjiṃsu, sakaladasasahassilokadhātu vaṭṭetvā vissaṭṭhamālāguḷo viya, uppīḷetvā baddhamālākalāpo viya, alaṅkatapaṭiyattaṃ mālāsanaṃ viya ca ekamālāmālinī vipphurantavāḷabījanī pupphadhūmagandhaparivāsitā paramasobhaggappattā ahosi.
然而,当菩萨胎与母胎结合时,瞬间即摄受十万十方世界,触知它们的聚散变化。在三十二种前行相的显现处,有无量无边的光辉。众生好似失明眼,得见其耀光,聋者闻其声,哑者发声,跛者挺直行走,瘸者用脚步行走,被束缚的众生得解脱于捕捉束缚的锁链,诸恶趣有火焰熄灭,饿鬼界渴望得满足,畜生界不生畏惧,众生之病得消除,所有众生能说爱语,以甜美音色作笑,放声欢呼,发出萨咖大吠声,展开象鼻,断除人间恶鬼的器物装饰,遍地清净,众生心皆明朗。众生之乐起,如柔和凉风吹,时雨云降,地水得流动,飞禽翔空,河流不断,广大海洋如甘露,遍地茂盛五色莲花覆盖,水岸诸花纷繁绽放,树木处处开莲花,叶枝缠绕开花,诸根与石头破损处,七七相叠开出称为棍莲花,空中长出悬挂莲花,花雨遍洒四方,腾空飞舞的诸天鸟啼鸣。十万十方世界犹如宝网团,收束缚如束链,装饰华美的花环佩戴其上,单环串饰,盛开花环缠绕,花尘香气四溢,光辉异常华丽壮观。
Evaṃ gahitapaṭisandhikassa bodhisattassa paṭisandhito paṭṭhāya bodhisattassa ceva bodhisattamātuyā ca upaddavanivāraṇatthaṃ khaggahatthā cattāro devaputtā ārakkhaṃ gaṇhiṃsu. Bodhisattamātu pana purisesu rāgacittaṃ nuppajji, lābhaggayasaggappattā ca ahosi sukhinī akilantakāyā. Bodhisattañca antokucchigataṃ vippasanne maṇiratane āvutapaṇḍusuttaṃ viya passati. Yasmā ca bodhisattena vasitakucchi nāma cetiyagabbhasadisā hoti, na sakkā aññena sattena āvasituṃ vā paribhuñjituṃ vā, tasmā bodhisattamātā sattāhajāte bodhisatte kālaṃ katvā tusitapure nibbattati. Yathā ca aññā itthiyo dasa māse apatvāpi atikkamitvāpi nisinnāpi nipannāpi vijāyanti, na evaṃ bodhisattamātā. Sā pana bodhisattaṃ dasa māse kucchinā pariharitvā ṭhitāva vijāyati. Ayaṃ bodhisattamātudhammatā.
如是,与胎结合之菩萨结交后,菩萨及其母亲受到防护,因四位天子手持剑刃保护。菩萨母心无染着,获利得善果,身心安宁。菩萨见腹中清净宝石光亮,如涂以青玉般明彻。因为胎称为居腹胎相,外人不能居住或使用此胎,故菩萨母于胎生后渡过七天,去往忉利天。正如他处女子十月未满,虽经坐卧仍能生产,菩萨母此则于十月怀胎后守护慈护胎儿,此即菩萨母之职责。
Mahāmāyāpi devī pattena telaṃ viya dasa māse kucchinā bodhisattaṃ pariharitvā paripuṇṇagabbhā ñātigharaṃ gantukāmā suddhodanamahārājassa ārocesi – ‘‘icchāmahaṃ, deva, kulasantakaṃ devadahanagaraṃ gantu’’nti. Rājā ‘‘sādhū’’ti sampaṭicchitvā kapilavatthuto yāva devadahanagarā maggaṃ samaṃ kāretvā kadalipuṇṇaghaṭadhajapaṭākādīhi alaṅkārāpetvā devi suvaṇṇasivikāya nisīdāpetvā amaccasahassena ukkhipāpetvā mahantena parivārena pesesi. Dvinnaṃ pana nagarānaṃ antare ubhayanagaravāsīnampi lumbinīvanaṃ nāma maṅgalasālavanaṃ atthi, tasmiṃ samaye mūlato paṭṭhāya yāva aggasākhā sabbaṃ ekapāliphullaṃ ahosi, sākhantarehi ceva pupphantarehi ca pañcavaṇṇā bhamaragaṇā nānappakārā ca sakuṇasaṅghā madhurassarena vikūjantā vicaranti. Sakalaṃ lumbinīvanaṃ cittalatāvanasadisaṃ, mahānubhāvassa rañño susajjitaṃ āpānamaṇḍalaṃ viya ahosi. Deviyā taṃ disvā sālavanakīḷaṃ kīḷitukāmatācittaṃ udapādi. Amaccā deviṃ gahetvā sālavanaṃ pavisiṃsu. Sā maṅgalasālamūlaṃ gantvā sālasākhaṃ gaṇhitukāmā ahosi, sālasākhā suseditavettaggaṃ viya onamitvā deviyā hatthapathaṃ upagañchi. Sā hatthaṃ pasāretvā sākhaṃ aggahesi. Tāvadeva cassā kammajavātā caliṃsu. Athassā sāṇiṃ parikkhipitvā mahājano paṭikkami. Sālasākhaṃ gahetvā tiṭṭhamānāya evassā gabbhavuṭṭhānaṃ ahosi. Taṅkhaṇaṃyeva cattāro visuddhacittā mahābrahmāno suvaṇṇajālaṃ ādāya sampattā tena suvaṇṇajālena bodhisattaṃ sampaṭicchitvā mātu purato ṭhapetvā ‘‘attamanā, devi, hohi, mahesakkho te putto uppanno’’ti āhaṃsu.
大摩耶天女如油瓶持胎十月,护持圆满胎儿,欲往亲族家与净头大王报告道:“我愿随从到天帝之城。”国王欣然应允,护送至净头城,沿途布置绶旗宝盖等饰物,将天女安座金椅。天女出以万众,同路护送。两城之间及两城居民之间有名为林宾伽的吉祥树林,当时枝叶茂盛,主干开遍单叶莲花,枝间花香芬馥,有五色蜂群和众多鸟群以甘美音声飞舞。全林犹如心旷神怡的古林园,乃伟大君主王的御苑。天女见此园林生欢心,近卫者携天女入林。天女欲采吉祥树根及枝杈,枝杈柔软如须弥顶盖,伸手执取。此时微风吹动枝叶,大众纷纷避开。握枝枝叶时,胎动迅速。立时四位心地清净的大梵天,携金网前来护持菩萨及母亲,安置于母亲前方,言曰:“请兴盛自心,天女,伟大的主君已诞生。”
Yathā pana aññe sattā mātukucchito nikkhamantā paṭikūlena asucinā makkhitā nikkhamanti, na evaṃ bodhisatto. So pana dhammāsanato otaranto dhammakathiko viya, nisseṇito otaranto puriso viya, ca dve ca hatthe dve ca pāde pasāretvā ṭhitakova mātukucchisambhavena kenaci asucinā amakkhito suddho visado kāsikavatthe nikkhittamaṇiratanaṃ viya jotayanto mātukucchito nikkhami. Evaṃ santepi bodhisattassa ca bodhisattamātuyā ca sakkāratthaṃ ākāsato dve udakadhārā nikkhamitvā bodhisattassa ca mātuyā ca sarīre utuṃ gāhāpesuṃ.
如他众生从母胎出,面污秽毒垢,怨异不洁而出,菩萨则不同。菩萨如法行者,与导师同进退,端正如人形,双手双足伸展,犹如胎宝光明在城中放射光辉。如此,菩萨与其母亲得于天空降出两道甘露水流,滋润于体内种种脏腑。
Atha naṃ suvaṇṇajālena paṭiggahetvā ṭhitānaṃ brahmānaṃ hatthato cattāro mahārājāno maṅgalasammatāya sukhasamphassāya ajinappaveṇiyā gaṇhiṃsu, tesaṃ hatthato manussā dukūlacumbaṭakena. Manussānaṃ hatthato muccitvā pathaviyaṃ patiṭṭhāya puratthimadisaṃ olokesi, anekāni cakkavāḷasahassāni ekaṅgaṇāni ahesuṃ. Tattha devamanussā gandhamālādīhi pūjayamānā ‘‘mahāpurisa, idha tumhehi sadiso añño natthi, kutettha uttaritaro’’ti āhaṃsu. Evaṃ catasso disā, catasso anudisā, heṭṭhā, uparīti dasa disā anuviloketvā attanā sadisaṃ kañci adisvā ‘‘ayaṃ uttarādisā’’ti sattapadavītihārena agamāsi, mahābrahmunā setacchattaṃ dhāriyamāno, suyāmena vāḷabījaniṃ, aññāhi ca devatāhi sesarājakakudhabhaṇḍahatthāhi anugammamāno. Tato sattamapade ṭhito ‘‘aggohamasmiṃ lokassā’’tiādikaṃ āsabhiṃ vācaṃ nicchārento sīhanādaṃ nadi.
之后,手执金网的四位大梵天,为成吉祥契约,令四大君主共集欢喜,缔结不胜爽快盟约。又以人手放开其限,安立于大地,观视东方,见诸许多千王为一庭。其时天人共喷散香花,赞曰:“伟大君子,尔等无有匹敌,从何处得此殊胜?”遍视四方,上中上下十方,见得一处为北方。汝以七步行,至立于其位,立言:“我为此世之最上者”,语吐如狮吼,震响江河。
Bodhisatto hi tīsu attabhāvesu mātukucchito nikkhantamattova vācaṃ nicchāresi mahosadhattabhāve, vessantarattabhāve, imasmiṃ attabhāveti. Mahosadhattabhāve kirassa mātukucchito nikkhantamattasseva sakko devarājā āgantvā candanasāraṃ hatthe ṭhapetvā gato, so taṃ muṭṭhiyaṃ katvāva nikkhanto. Atha naṃ mātā ‘‘tāta, kiṃ gahetvā āgatosī’’ti pucchi. ‘‘Osadhaṃ, ammā’’ti. Iti osadhaṃ gahetvā āgatattā ‘‘osadhadārako’’tvevassa nāmaṃ akaṃsu. Taṃ osadhaṃ gahetvā cāṭiyaṃ pakkhipiṃsu, āgatāgatānaṃ andhabadhirādīnaṃ tadeva sabbarogavūpasamāya bhesajjaṃ ahosi. Tato ‘‘mahantaṃ idaṃ osadhaṃ, mahantaṃ idaṃ osadha’’nti uppannavacanaṃ upādāya ‘‘mahosadho’’tvevassa nāmaṃ jātaṃ. Vessantarattabhāve pana mātukucchito nikkhanto dakkhiṇahatthaṃ pasāretvā ‘‘atthi nu kho, amma, kiñci gehasmiṃ, dānaṃ dassāmī’’ti vadanto nikkhami. Athassa mātā ‘‘sadhane kule nibbattosi, tātā’’ti puttassa hatthaṃ attano hatthatale katvā sahassatthavikaṃ ṭhapesi. Imasmiṃ pana attabhāve imaṃ sīhanādaṃ nadīti evaṃ bodhisatto tīsu attabhāvesu mātukucchito nikkhantamattova vācaṃ nicchāresi. Yathā ca paṭisandhiggahaṇakkhaṇe, jātakkhaṇepissa dvattiṃsa pubbanimittāni pāturahesuṃ. Yasmiṃ pana samaye amhākaṃ bodhisatto lumbinīvane jāto, tasmiṃyeva samaye rāhulamātā devī, ānandatthero, channo amacco, kāḷudāyī amacco, kaṇḍako assarājā, mahābodhirukkho, catasso nidhikumbhiyo ca jātā. Tattha ekā gāvutappamāṇā, ekā aḍḍhayojanappamāṇā, ekā tigāvutappamāṇā, ekā yojanappamāṇā ahosīti. Ime satta sahajātā nāma.
菩萨在三个生命中,皆是甫从母胎出生便已发出声音:摩诃奥萨达生、韦桑达拉生,以及今生是也。在摩诃奥萨达生中,据说他甫从母胎出生,萨咖天帝便前来,将最上等的旃檀香置于其手中后离去;他握着香出生,母亲问道:「孩儿,你带来了什么?」他答:「药,母亲。」因其带药而来,众人便为他取名「奥萨达童子」(药童)。他们取了那药置于陶钵中,凡来到的盲人、聋人等诸病患,那药便成为治愈一切疾病之药。后来人们赞叹「这药真伟大!这药真伟大!」,由此缘起,他便得名「摩诃奥萨达」(大药)。而在韦桑达拉生中,他从母胎出生时,伸出右手说:「母亲,家中可有什么,让我布施?」其母说:「孩儿,你生于富有之家。」便将价值千金的财物放在儿子手中。在今生,他发出这狮子吼——如是,菩萨在三个生命中,皆是甫从母胎出生便已发出声音。就如结生之刹那,出生之刹那,亦现起三十二种预兆。在我们的菩萨诞生于蓝毗尼园的那一时刻,拉胡喇之母天女、阿难长老、车匿大臣、咖鲁陀夷大臣、咖纳达卡马王、大菩提树,以及四个宝藏罐,亦同时出生。其中一个约一由旬之量,一个约半由旬之量,一个约三俱卢舍之量,一个约一由旬之量。这七者名为「同生者」。
Ubhayanagaravāsino bodhisattaṃ gahetvā kapilavatthunagarameva agamaṃsu. Taṃ divasaṃyeva ca ‘‘kapilavatthunagare suddhodanamahārājassa putto jāto, ayaṃ kumāro bodhitale nisīditvā buddho bhavissatī’’ti tāvatiṃsabhavane haṭṭhatuṭṭhā devasaṅghā celukkhepādīni pavattentā kīḷiṃsu. Tasmiṃ samaye suddhodanamahārājassa kulūpako aṭṭhasamāpattilābhī kāḷadevīlo nāma tāpaso bhattakiccaṃ katvā divāvihāratthāya tāvatiṃsabhavanaṃ gantvā tattha divāvihāraṃ nisinno tā devatā kīḷamānā disvā ‘‘kiṃkāraṇā tumhe evaṃ tuṭṭhamānasā kīḷatha, mayhampetaṃ kāraṇaṃ kathethā’’ti pucchi. Devatā āhaṃsu ‘‘mārisa, suddhodanarañño putto jāto, so bodhitale nisīditvā buddho hutvā dhammacakkaṃ pavattessati, tassa anantaṃ buddhalīḷaṃ daṭṭhuṃ dhammañca sotuṃ lacchāmāti iminā kāraṇena tuṭṭhāmhā’’ti. Tāpaso tāsaṃ vacanaṃ sutvā khippaṃ devalokato oruyha rājanivesanaṃ pavisitvā paññattāsane nisinno ‘‘putto kira te, mahārāja, jāto, passissāmi na’’nti āha. Rājā alaṅkatapaṭiyattaṃ kumāraṃ āharāpetvā tāpasaṃ vandāpetuṃ abhihari, bodhisattassa pādā parivattitvā tāpasassa jaṭāsu patiṭṭhahiṃsu. Bodhisattassa hi tenattabhāvena vanditabbayuttako nāma añño natthi. Sace hi ajānantā bodhisattassa sīsaṃ tāpasassa pādamūle ṭhapeyyuṃ, sattadhā tassa muddhā phaleyya. Tāpaso ‘‘na me attānaṃ nāsetuṃ yutta’’nti uṭṭhāyāsanā bodhisattassa añjaliṃ paggahesi. Rājā taṃ acchariyaṃ disvā attano puttaṃ vandi.
两城的居民带着菩萨前往咖毕拉瓦图城。就在那一天,「净饭大王之子诞生于咖毕拉瓦图城,此王子将坐于菩提树下成佛」的消息传至三十三天,欢喜雀跃的天人众在那里挥舞天衣等,尽情嬉游。当时,与净饭大王家亲近、获得八定成就的名叫咖鲁迭瓦的苦行者,用餐完毕后前往三十三天界以作日间休憩,坐于彼处见诸天人正在嬉游,便问:「诸位为何如此欢喜雀跃地嬉游?请也告诉我其缘由。」天人们说:「尊者,净饭王之子诞生了,他将坐于菩提树下成佛,转动法轮。我们将能见到他无量的佛陀威仪,也将能听闻正法,正因为这个缘故,我们欢喜。」苦行者听闻她们之言,迅速从天界下来,进入王宫,坐于所设之座,说:「大王,听说您的儿子诞生了,我可以见他吗?」王命人将装扮妥当的王子抱来,欲令其礼拜苦行者;菩萨的双足却转向,停住在苦行者的发髻上。在那个生命中,实无任何其他人是菩萨应当顶礼者。若有人不知情而将菩萨的头置于苦行者的足下,其人的头颅将裂为七片。苦行者心想「不应令自身遭殃」,便从座起,向菩萨合掌致敬。王见此奇异之事,向自己的儿子顶礼。
Tāpaso atīte cattālīsa kappe, anāgate cattālīsāti asīti kappe anussarati. Bodhisattassa lakkhaṇasampattiṃ disvā ‘‘bhavissati nu kho buddho, udāhu no’’ti āvajjetvā upadhārento ‘‘nissaṃsayaṃ buddho bhavissatī’’ti ñatvā ‘‘acchariyapuriso aya’’nti sitaṃ akāsi. Tato ‘‘ahaṃ imaṃ buddhabhūtaṃ daṭṭhuṃ labhissāmi nu kho, no’’ti upadhārento ‘‘na labhissāmi, antarāyeva kālaṃ katvā buddhasatenapi buddhasahassenapi gantvā bodhetuṃ asakkuṇeyye arūpabhave nibbattissāmī’’ti disvā ‘‘evarūpaṃ nāma acchariyapurisaṃ buddhabhūtaṃ daṭṭhuṃ na labhissāmi, mahatī vata me jāni bhavissatī’’ti parodi.
苦行者能忆念过去四十劫、未来四十劫,共八十劫之事。他观察菩萨的相好圆满,思惟「他将成佛,抑或不会?」,审慎观察后,知道「他必定将成佛」,因此微笑,心想「此乃不可思议之人」。继而思惟「我是否能见到他成佛?能见,还是不能见?」——审慎观察后,见到「我不能见,我将在中途命终,而后投生于无色有中,即便有百佛、千佛降临也无法令我得度」,便想「竟无法见到如此不可思议之人成佛,对我而言实是莫大的损失」,于是哭泣。
Manussā disvā ‘‘amhākaṃ ayyo idāneva hasitvā puna parodi. Kiṃ nu kho, bhante, amhākaṃ ayyaputtassa koci antarāyo bhavissatī’’ti pucchiṃsu. ‘‘Natthetassa antarāyo, nissaṃsayena buddho bhavissatī’’ti. Atha ‘‘kasmā paroditthā’’ti? ‘‘Evarūpaṃ purisaṃ buddhabhūtaṃ daṭṭhuṃ na labhissāmi, ‘mahatī vata me jāni bhavissatī’ti attānaṃ anusocanto rodāmī’’ti āha. Tato so ‘‘kiṃ nu kho me ñātakesu koci etaṃ buddhabhūtaṃ daṭṭhuṃ labhissati, na labhissatī’’ti upadhārento attano bhāgineyyaṃ nāḷakadārakaṃ addasa. So bhaginiyā gehaṃ gantvā ‘‘kahaṃ te putto nāḷako’’ti? ‘‘Atthi gehe, ayyā’’ti. ‘‘Pakkosāhi na’’nti pakkosāpetvā attano santikaṃ āgataṃ kumāraṃ āha – ‘‘tāta, suddhodanamahārājassa kule putto jāto, buddhaṅkuro esa, pañcatiṃsa vassāni atikkamitvā buddho bhavissati, tvaṃ etaṃ daṭṭhuṃ labhissasi, ajjeva pabbajāhī’’ti. Sattāsītikoṭidhane kule nibbattadārakopi ‘‘na maṃ mātulo anatthe niyojessatī’’ti cintetvā tāvadeva antarāpaṇato kāsāyāni ceva mattikāpattañca āharāpetvā kesamassuṃ ohāretvā kāsāyāni vatthāni acchādetvā ‘‘yo loke uttamapuggalo, taṃ uddissa mayhaṃ pabbajjā’’ti bodhisattābhimukhaṃ añjaliṃ paggayha pañcapatiṭṭhitena vanditvā pattaṃ thavikāya pakkhipitvā aṃsakūṭe laggetvā himavantaṃ pavisitvā samaṇadhammaṃ akāsi. So paramābhisambodhiṃ pattaṃ tathāgataṃ upasaṅkamitvā nāḷakapaṭipadaṃ kathāpetvā puna himavantaṃ pavisitvā arahattaṃ patvā ukkaṭṭhapaṭipadaṃ paṭipanno satteva māse āyuṃ pāletvā ekaṃ suvaṇṇapabbataṃ nissāya ṭhitakova anupādisesāya nibbānadhātuyā parinibbāyi.
人们见状,问道:「我们的尊者刚才微笑,现在却哭泣,这是为何?尊者,我们尊者之子是否将有什么障难?」「他没有障难,他必定将成佛。」「那为何哭泣?」「因为我无法见到如此之人成佛,'对我而言实是莫大的损失',我因哀叹自身而哭泣。」然后他思惟:「我的亲眷中,是否有人能见到他成佛?能见,还是不能见?」他看见自己姐姐之子、名叫纳拉咖的童子。他前往姐姐家,问:「你的儿子纳拉咖在哪里?」「他在家里,尊者。」「叫他来。」令人唤来后,他对走到自己身边的童子说:「孩儿,净饭大王家中诞生了一个儿子,他是佛芽,过三十五年后将成佛,你将能见到他。今日便出家吧。」这位出生于拥有八千七百万财富之家的童子,心想「我的舅父不会要我从事无益之事」,便当即从市集中取来袈裟及泥钵,剃除须发,着上袈裟,说:「我出家,是为了献给世间最上之人」,面向菩萨合掌,以五体投地礼拜,将钵放入布袋,挂于肩头,进入雪山,修行沙门法。后来他前往已证无上正自觉的如来处,请如来宣说纳拉咖道,然后再次进入雪山,证得阿拉汉果,修持最高超的修行方式,仅保住七个月的寿命,依靠一座金山而住,以无余涅槃界般涅槃。
Bodhisattampi kho pañcame divase sīsaṃ nhāpetvā ‘‘nāmaggahaṇaṃ gaṇhissāmā’’ti rājabhavanaṃ catujjātikagandhehi vilimpitvā lājāpañcamakāni pupphāni vikiritvā asambhinnapāyāsaṃ pacāpetvā tiṇṇaṃ vedānaṃ pāraṅgate aṭṭhasatabrāhmaṇe nimantetvā rājabhavane nisīdāpetvā subhojanaṃ bhojetvā mahāsakkāraṃ katvā ‘‘kiṃ nu kho bhavissatī’’ti lakkhaṇāni pariggahāpesuṃ. Tesu –
在第五天,〔众人〕也为菩萨沐浴梳发,心想「要举行命名仪式」,便以四种香料涂抹王宫,撒散以炒米为首的五种花,令人烹制未混杂的乳糜饭,请来通达三部吠陀、已至彼岸的一百零八位婆罗门,令其入座于王宫中,供以美食,行大供养,〔随后〕请他们审察〔菩萨的〕相貌,以知「究竟将来会如何」。其中——
‘‘Rāmo dhajo lakkhaṇo cāpi mantī, koṇḍañño ca bhojo suyāmo sudatto;
「拉玛、达佳、拉卡纳及曼提,贡丹雅、跋佳、苏雅玛、苏达德;」
Ete tadā aṭṭha ahesuṃ brāhmaṇā, chaḷaṅgavā mantaṃ viyākariṃsū’’ti. –
当时有八名婆罗门,他们陈述了自己的意见。
Ime aṭṭheva brāhmaṇā lakkhaṇapariggāhakā ahesuṃ. Paṭisandhiggahaṇadivase supinopi eteheva pariggahito. Tesu satta janā dve aṅguliyo ukkhipitvā dvedhā byākariṃsu – ‘‘imehi lakkhaṇehi samannāgato agāraṃ ajjhāvasamāno rājā hoti cakkavattī, pabbajamāno buddho’’ti, sabbaṃ cakkavattirañño sirivibhavaṃ ācikkhiṃsu. Tesaṃ pana sabbadaharo gottato koṇḍañño nāma māṇavo bodhisattassa varalakkhaṇanipphattiṃ oloketvā – ‘‘imassa agāramajjhe ṭhānakāraṇaṃ natthi, ekantenesa vivaṭṭacchado buddho bhavissatī’’ti ekameva aṅguliṃ ukkhipitvā ekaṃsabyākaraṇaṃ byākāsi. Ayañhi katādhikāro pacchimabhavikasatto paññāya itare satta jane abhibhavitvā ‘‘imehi lakkhaṇehi samannāgatassa agāramajjhe ṭhānaṃ nāma natthi, asaṃsayaṃ buddho bhavissatī’’ti ekameva gatiṃ addasa, tasmā ekaṃ aṅguliṃ ukkhipitvā evaṃ byākāsi. Athassa nāmaṃ gaṇhantā sabbalokassa atthasiddhikarattā ‘‘siddhattho’’ti nāmamakaṃsu.
这八名婆罗门皆为标志的持有者。在相会之日,即使在睡眠中,也紧紧地持有此标志。其中七个人伸出两指,以两种方式说明说:“以这些标志具足者,将离开俗家,成为国王,执掌诸王;或出家学道,必成佛。”他们全面预言了转轮圣王的荣耀福报。然而在他们当中,有一位贵族名为阇提,是菩萨的童子,观察到此正法的标志中缺乏一个根本所在,他斩钉截铁地提出异议:“在此房舍之中没有坐处,断无疑问,必成佛。”他只伸出一根指头,作出单一的断言。此论断生于其西方的业力成熟和智慧,压倒了其他七人。于是其他七人同意其意见,认为“具此标志者,屋中无坐位,定成佛。”就这样,他们举起一根指头表示肯定。后来众人因此为其取名为“悉达多”。
Atha te brāhmaṇā attano gharāni gantvā putte āmantayiṃsu – ‘‘tātā, amhe mahallakā, suddhodanamahārājassa puttaṃ sabbaññutaṃ pattaṃ mayaṃ sambhaveyyāma vā no vā, tumhe tasmiṃ kumāre sabbaññutaṃ patte tassa sāsane pabbajeyyāthā’’ti. Te sattapi janā yāvatāyukaṃ ṭhatvā yathākammaṃ gatā, koṇḍaññamāṇavova arogo ahosi. So mahāsatte vuḍḍhimanvāya mahābhinikkhamanaṃ abhinikkhamitvā anukkamena uruvelaṃ gantvā ‘‘ramaṇīyo, vata ayaṃ bhūmibhāgo, alaṃ vatidaṃ kulaputtassa padhānatthikassa padhānāyā’’ti cittaṃ uppādetvā tattha vāsaṃ upagate ‘‘mahāpuriso pabbajito’’ti sutvā tesaṃ brāhmaṇānaṃ putte upasaṅkamitvā evamāha ‘‘siddhatthakumāro kira pabbajito, so nissaṃsayaṃ buddho bhavissati. Sace tumhākaṃ pitaro arogā assu, ajja nikkhamitvā pabbajeyyuṃ. Sace tumhepi iccheyyātha, etha, ahaṃ taṃ purisaṃ anupabbajissāmī’’ti. Te sabbe ekacchandā bhavituṃ nāsakkhiṃsu , tayo janā na pabbajiṃsu. Koṇḍaññabrāhmaṇaṃ jeṭṭhakaṃ katvā itare cattāro pabbajiṃsu. Te pañcapi janā pañcavaggiyattherā nāma jātā.
随后这些婆罗门回到自己家中,邀请儿子们说:“父亲们,我们都是大臣,要想知道我等中能否成为净头大王的儿子,或者不可,尔等应于该童子处恭敬出家。”七人各自恪守年纪正常,阇提如常安康。他长者阇提抛弃家业,前往乌鲁维罗,心念道:“此地风景宜人,适合修行,是贤子出家的最佳之处。”于是住在那里。婆罗门们的儿子们聚集来到其前,说:“悉达多童子已出家,必定成佛。若你们的父亲健康,今日也应出家。若你们愿意,我亦将随行出家。”众儿子齐声同意,不敢违背。阇提为长者,其余四人出家成沙弥。这五人后来成为五部族的长老。
Tadā pana rājā ‘‘kiṃ disvā mayhaṃ putto pabbajissatī’’ti pucchi. ‘‘Cattāri pubbanimittānī’’ti. ‘‘Katarañca katarañcā’’ti? ‘‘Jarājiṇṇaṃ, byādhitaṃ, kālakataṃ, pabbajita’’nti. Rājā ‘‘ito paṭṭhāya evarūpānaṃ mama puttassa santikaṃ upasaṅkamituṃ mā adattha, mayhaṃ puttassa buddhabhāvena kammaṃ natthi, ahaṃ mama puttaṃ dvisahassadīpaparivārānaṃ catunnaṃ mahādīpānaṃ issariyādhipaccaṃ rajjaṃ kārentaṃ chattiṃsayojanaparimaṇḍalāya parisāya parivutaṃ gaganatale vicaramānaṃ passitukāmo’’ti. Evañca pana vatvā imesaṃ catuppakārānaṃ nimittānaṃ kumārassa cakkhupathe āgamananivāraṇatthaṃ catūsu disāsu gāvute gāvute ārakkhaṃ ṭhapesi. Taṃ divasaṃ pana maṅgalaṭṭhāne sannipatitesu asītiyā ñātikulasahassesu ekeko ekamekaṃ puttaṃ paṭijāni – ‘‘ayaṃ buddho vā hotu rājā vā, mayaṃ ekamekaṃ puttaṃ dassāma. Sacepi buddho bhavissati, khattiyasamaṇeheva purakkhataparivārito vicarissati. Sacepi rājā bhavissati, khattiyakumāreheva purakkhataparivārito vicarissatī’’ti. Rājāpi bodhisattassa uttamarūpasampannā vigatasabbadosā dhātiyo paccupaṭṭhāpesi. Bodhisatto anantena parivārena mahantena sirisobhaggena vaḍḍhati.
那时国王问道:“我的儿子为何出家?”答曰:“有四种前行相。”问:“哪四种?”答:“年老、病弱、死亡将至、已出家。”国王说:“既知此事,我不应亲近他。我无业能令我儿成佛。我想让他游历四大洲及两千小洲,统治王国,像天帝般祇辖四方众臣。”国王因见四种前行相,便于四方各诸帮派驻守护卫。那日,在玛哈罗城会集了超过八万亲戚族人,每人都带着自己子嗣说道:“此或成佛或为国王,我们尽可观察。如成佛者,将有贵族弟子环绕;如成国王者,将有王子随侍。”国王对菩萨具有非凡美貌及无暇缺点的本性极为满意。菩萨更因大批随从和富丽冠饰日益增长荣光。
Athekadivasaṃ rañño vappamaṅgalaṃ nāma ahosi. Taṃ divasaṃ sakalanagaraṃ devavimānaṃ viya alaṅkaronti. Sabbe dāsakammakarādayo ahatavatthanivatthā gandhamālādipaṭimaṇḍitā rājakule sannipatanti. Rañño kammante naṅgalasahassaṃ yojīyati. Tasmiṃ pana divase ekenūnaaṭṭhasatanaṅgalāni saddhiṃ balibaddarasmiyottehi rajataparikkhatāni honti, rañño ālambananaṅgalaṃ pana rattasuvaṇṇaparikkhataṃ hoti. Balibaddānaṃ siṅgarasmipatodāpi suvaṇṇaparikkhatāva honti. Rājā mahatā parivārena nikkhanto puttaṃ gahetvā agamāsi. Kammantaṭṭhāne eko jamburukkho bahalapalāso sandacchāyo ahosi. Tassa heṭṭhā kumārassa sayanaṃ paññapāpetvā upari suvaṇṇatārakakhacitaṃ vitānaṃ bandhāpetvā sāṇipākārena parikkhipāpetvā ārakkhaṃ ṭhapāpetvā rājā sabbālaṅkāraṃ alaṅkaritvā amaccagaṇaparivuto naṅgalakaraṇaṭṭhānaṃ agamāsi. Tattha rājā suvaṇṇanaṅgalaṃ gaṇhāti, amaccā ekenūnaṭṭhasatarajatanaṅgalāni, kassakā sesanaṅgalāni. Te tāni gahetvā ito cito ca kasanti. Rājā pana orato vā pāraṃ gacchati, pārato vā oraṃ āgacchati. Etasmiṃ ṭhāne mahāsampatti ahosi. Bodhisattaṃ parivāretvā nisinnā dhātiyo ‘‘rañño sampattiṃ passissāmā’’ti antosāṇito bahi nikkhantā. Bodhisatto ito cito ca olokento kañci adisvā vegena uṭṭhāya pallaṅkaṃ ābhujitvā ānāpāne pariggahetvā paṭhamajjhānaṃ nibbattesi. Dhātiyo khajjabhojjantare vicaramānā thokaṃ cirāyiṃsu. Sesarukkhānaṃ chāyā nivattā, tassa pana rukkhassa parimaṇḍalā hutvā aṭṭhāsi. Dhātiyo ‘‘ayyaputto ekato’’ti vegena sāṇiṃ ukkhipitvā anto pavisamānā bodhisattaṃ sayane pallaṅkena nisinnaṃ tañca pāṭihāriyaṃ disvā gantvā rañño ārocesuṃ – ‘‘deva, kumāro evaṃ nisinno, aññesaṃ rukkhānaṃ chāyā nivattā, jamburukkhassa pana parimaṇḍalā ṭhitā’’ti. Rājā vegenāgantvā pāṭihāriyaṃ disvā – ‘‘idaṃ te, tāta, dutiyaṃ vandana’’nti puttaṃ vandi.
某一日为国王设立吉祥节日。当天,全城布置如天宫般华贵。所有奴隶与手工业者佩戴香花环等饰物聚集于皇宫。国王拥有一千犁铁铧耕具。这天当中有八百犁犁铧紧紧排列,熠熠生辉由银质饰边护持,王的御座亦用红宝和黄金所围绕。铧的柄与饰顶用黄金镶边。国王出宫,由众人簇拥,携带其子前往一处大榕树。树荫繁茂,投下宽广阴凉。菩萨坐卧此处,树顶覆以金色织物,用钉钩固定,四周皆布置护卫。国王佩戴全身珠宝,侍从众多,来至农具存放处。于此处,国王拿起金色农具,这些成排的铧具有超过一千枚,部分已破损。铧具排列成圈,共有八片遮阴大树。有侍从迅速拿起一根竹棍,进入树中看护菩萨,并去见国王报告:“陛下,王子就坐于此,树荫覆盖,场地安稳。”国王迅速前来致意。“这是我第二次向你致敬,父亲。”
Atha anukkamena bodhisatto soḷasavassuddesiko jāto. Rājā bodhisattassa tiṇṇaṃ utūnaṃ anucchavike tayo pāsāde kāresi – ekaṃ navabhūmakaṃ, ekaṃ sattabhūmakaṃ, ekaṃ pañcabhūmakaṃ, cattālīsasahassā ca nāṭakitthiyo upaṭṭhāpesi. Bodhisatto devo viya accharāsaṅghaparivuto, alaṅkatanāṭakaparivuto, nippurisehi tūriyehi paricāriyamāno mahāsampattiṃ anubhavanto utuvārena tesu pāsādesu viharati. Rāhulamātā panassa devī aggamahesī ahosi.
随后菩萨顺其业力,在十六岁时出生。国王为菩萨建造了三座皇宫:一座九层楼,一座七层楼,一座五层楼,周围设有四万三千剧场。菩萨如神祇,周围聚集众多歌舞表演者、装饰华丽的舞伎,随身侍奉。有三座宫殿覆盖宏大财富。菩萨如神一般,享盛大的福报。其母为阿难尊女,拥有至尊贵德。
Tassevaṃ mahāsampattiṃ anubhavantassa ekadivasaṃ ñātisaṅghassa abbhantare ayaṃ kathā udapādi – ‘‘siddhattho kīḷāpasutova vicarati, kiñci sippaṃ na sikkhati, saṅgāme paccupaṭṭhite kiṃ karissatī’’ti. Rājā bodhisattaṃ pakkosāpetvā – ‘‘tāta, tava ñātakā ‘siddhattho kiñci sippaṃ asikkhitvā kīḷāpasutova vicaratī’ti vadanti, ettha kiṃ pattakāle maññasī’’ti. Deva, mama sippaṃ sikkhanakiccaṃ natthi, nagare mama sippadassanatthaṃ bheriṃ carāpetha ‘‘ito sattame divase ñātakānaṃ sippaṃ dassessāmī’’ti. Rājā tathā akāsi. Bodhisatto akkhaṇavedhivālavedhidhanuggahe sannipātāpetvā mahājanassa majjhe aññehi dhanuggahehi asādhāraṇaṃ ñātakānaṃ dvādasavidhaṃ sippaṃ dassesi. Taṃ sarabhaṅgajātake āgatanayeneva veditabbaṃ. Tadāssa ñātisaṅgho nikkaṅkho ahosi.
如是享有伟大成就者,某日于亲族团体内部,发生了以下对话:有人说“悉达多犹如嬉戏之子般游玩,不学习任何技艺,若遇到战争,他该怎么办?”国王便召见菩萨,说:“孩子,你的亲族说‘悉达多未曾习得任何技艺,犹如嬉戏之子般游荡’,你对此怎么看?”天人回答:“我无技艺可修,愿在城中操演战鼓,以便第七日向亲族示范我的技艺。”国王依其所言行事。菩萨集结众人持弓搭箭,聚于城市中央,向大众展示以十二种不同弓箭技艺。此般,如来生涯见到萨拉婆棱吒经时应当理解的情景。于是亲族团体极为欢喜。
Athekadivasaṃ bodhisatto uyyānabhūmiṃ gantukāmo sārathiṃ āmantetvā ‘‘rathaṃ yojehī’’ti āha. So ‘‘sādhū’’ti paṭissuṇitvā mahārahaṃ uttamarathaṃ sabbālaṅkārena alaṅkaritvā kumudapattavaṇṇe cattāro maṅgalasindhave yojetvā bodhisattassa paṭivedesi. Bodhisatto devavimānasadisaṃ rathaṃ abhiruhitvā uyyānābhimukho agamāsi. Devatā ‘‘siddhatthakumārassa abhisambujjhanakālo āsanno, pubbanimittaṃ dassessāmā’’ti ekaṃ devaputtaṃ jarājajjaraṃ khaṇḍadantaṃ palitakesaṃ vaṅkaṃ obhaggasarīraṃ daṇḍahatthaṃ pavedhamānaṃ katvā dassesuṃ. Taṃ bodhisatto ceva sārathi ca passanti. Tato bodhisatto sārathiṃ – ‘‘samma, ko nāmesa puriso, kesāpissa na yathā aññesa’’nti mahāpadāne āgatanayena pucchitvā tassa vacanaṃ sutvā ‘‘dhīratthu vata bho jāti, yatra hi nāma jātassa jarā paññāyissatī’’ti saṃviggahadayo tatova paṭinivattitvā pāsādameva abhiruhi. Rājā ‘‘kiṃ kāraṇā mama putto khippaṃ paṭinivattī’’ti pucchi. ‘‘Jiṇṇakaṃ purisaṃ disvā devā’’ti. ‘‘Jiṇṇakaṃ disvā pabbajissatīti āhaṃsu, kasmā maṃ nāsetha, sīghaṃ puttassa nāṭakāni sajjetha, sampattiṃ anubhavanto pabbajjāya satiṃ na karissatī’’ti vatvā ārakkhaṃ vaḍḍhetvā sabbadisāsu aḍḍhayojane aḍḍhayojane ṭhapesi.
某日,菩萨欲入御花园,召唤车夫说:“驾驭战车吧。”车夫答应后,装饰了一辆华丽战车,以莲叶般翠绿车盖,装有四口吉祥宝井,献予菩萨。菩萨登上如天宫一般的战车,向御花园驶去。天人说:“悉达多太子将成就觉悟时刻将至,且会预见先兆。”一名天子显现,虽年迈、牙缺、白发斑斑、身躯佝偻,手持权杖,展示了预兆。菩萨与车夫均可见此。接着菩萨问车夫:“对此人你可知其名何为何?”车夫答:“世人皆知,因见此老妇,人必能知其年老,故害怕他。速速退避此人。”菩萨随后登上皇宫。国王问:“儿子为何如此匆忙回避?”回答:“诸天见此老者,谓其将出家;既见老态,忌惧之故。若正在成就伟业者,却不念出家,迟迟不得出家,故守护严密,步步防卫。
Punekadivasaṃ bodhisatto tatheva uyyānaṃ gacchanto devatāhi nimmitaṃ byādhitaṃ purisaṃ disvā purimanayeneva pucchitvā saṃviggahadayo nivattitvā pāsādaṃ abhiruhi. Rājāpi pucchitvā heṭṭhā vuttanayeneva saṃvidahitvā puna vaḍḍhetvā samantā tigāvutappamāṇe padese ārakkhaṃ ṭhapesi. Aparaṃ ekadivasaṃ bodhisatto tatheva uyyānaṃ gacchanto devatāhi nimmitaṃ kālakataṃ disvā purimanayeneva pucchitvā saṃviggahadayo puna nivattitvā pāsādaṃ abhiruhi. Rājāpi pucchitvā heṭṭhā vuttanayeneva saṃvidahitvā puna vaḍḍhetvā samantā yojanappamāṇe padese ārakkhaṃ ṭhapesi. Aparaṃ pana ekadivasaṃ uyyānaṃ gacchanto tatheva devatāhi nimmitaṃ sunivatthaṃ supārutaṃ pabbajitaṃ disvā ‘‘ko nāmeso sammā’’ti sārathiṃ pucchi. Sārathi kiñcāpi buddhuppādassa abhāvā pabbajitaṃ vā pabbajitaguṇe vā na jānāti, devatānubhāvena pana ‘‘pabbajito nāmāyaṃ devā’’ti vatvā pabbajjāya guṇe vaṇṇesi. Bodhisatto pabbajjāya ruciṃ uppādetvā taṃ divasaṃ uyyānaṃ agamāsi. Dīghabhāṇakā panāhu ‘‘cattāri nimittāni ekadivaseneva disvā agamāsī’’ti.
隔日,菩萨复往御花园,见一病魔附身之人,亲切询问,心怀恐惧而退回宫殿。国王再问,依上次所言指示布置严密戒备,护卫在城周围三十里之内。又隔一日,菩萨再往御花园,见一如同死刑般已近终结之人,亲切问询,心怀恐惧退回宫殿。国王问后,依先前所说再次扩大戒备,护卫遍布十余里。一日,菩萨再次往御花园,见一服净袈裟、面容平静、出家之人,车夫问其名。车夫虽不识佛陀和出家者,却因天人示现说:“此人名为出家者,是天所称。”菩萨心生喜悦,即日离开御花园。长者吟唱言:“他日只见四种目的,即日远行。”
So tattha divasabhāgaṃ kīḷitvā maṅgalapokkharaṇiyaṃ nhāyitvā atthaṅgate sūriye maṅgalasilāpaṭṭe nisīdi attānaṃ alaṅkārāpetukāmo. Athassa paricārakapurisā nānāvaṇṇāni dussāni nānappakārā ābharaṇavikatiyo mālāgandhavilepanāni ca ādāya samantā parivāretvā aṭṭhaṃsu. Tasmiṃ khaṇe sakkassa nisinnāsanaṃ uṇhaṃ ahosi . So ‘‘ko nu kho maṃ imamhā ṭhānā cāvetukāmo’’ti upadhārento bodhisattassa alaṅkāretukāmataṃ ñatvā vissakammaṃ āmantesi ‘‘samma vissakamma, siddhatthakumāro ajja aḍḍharattasamaye mahābhinikkhamanaṃ nikkhamissati, ayamassa pacchimo alaṅkāro, uyyānaṃ gantvā mahāpurisaṃ dibbālaṅkārehi alaṅkarohī’’ti. So ‘‘sādhū’’ti paṭissuṇitvā devatānubhāvena taṅkhaṇaṃyeva upasaṅkamitvā tasseva kappakasadiso hutvā kappakassa hatthato veṭhanadussaṃ gahetvā bodhisattassa sīsaṃ veṭhesi. Bodhisatto hatthasamphasseneva ‘‘nāyaṃ manusso, devaputto eso’’ti aññāsi. Veṭhanena veṭhitamatte sīse moḷiyaṃ maṇiratanākārena dussasahassaṃ abbhuggañchi. Puna veṭhentassa dussasahassanti dasakkhattuṃ veṭhentassa dasa dussasahassāni abbhuggacchiṃsu . ‘‘Sīsaṃ khuddakaṃ, dussāni bahūni, kathaṃ abbhuggatānī’’ti na cintetabbaṃ. Tesu hi sabbamahantaṃ āmalakapupphappamāṇaṃ, avasesāni kusumbakapupphappamāṇāni ahesuṃ. Bodhisattassa sīsaṃ kiñjakkhagavacchitaṃ viya kuyyakapupphaṃ ahosi.
菩萨于园中度过半天,沐浴于吉祥莲花池后,于朝阳映照的吉祥石床上坐下,欲装饰自己。其随从携带各种颜色宝石、珍品、装饰品、花环、香料,围绕他八面环绕。此刻,萨咖座位暑热难耐,心中起疑:“谁想在此扰我安眠?”发觉是菩萨装饰欲望所致,遂同意,告知菩萨:“善哉!悉达多太子今日下午将大出家,这是他最后的华饰,前往御花园装饰,成为伟人所佩戴的天界装饰。”菩萨应声“善哉”。随后,天人现形,手持棍棒,轻拍菩萨头部。菩萨即刻知此非人,是天子。棍击破皮,露出镶满玉石宝珠之头骨,打破数千处。再击时,增至数万处。虽头骨小且多裂缝,内有大如余甘果花瓣之碎片,余者如藏红花花瓣。菩萨头颅宛如被蛇皮遮盖的凹陷花瓣一般。
Athassa sabbālaṅkārapaṭimaṇḍitassa sabbatālāvacaresu sakāni sakāni paṭibhānāni dassayantesu, brāhmaṇesu ‘‘jayanandā’’tiādivacanehi, sūtamāgadhādīsu nānappakārehi maṅgalavacanatthutighosehi sambhāventesu sabbālaṅkārapaṭimaṇḍitaṃ rathavaraṃ abhiruhi. Tasmiṃ samaye ‘‘rāhulamātā puttaṃ vijātā’’ti sutvā suddhodanamahārājā ‘‘puttassa me tuṭṭhiṃ nivedethā’’ti sāsanaṃ pahiṇi. Bodhisatto taṃ sutvā ‘‘rāhu jāto, bandhanaṃ jāta’’nti āha. Rājā ‘‘kiṃ me putto avacā’’ti pucchitvā taṃ vacanaṃ sutvā ‘‘ito paṭṭhāya me nattā rāhulakumāroyeva nāma hotū’’ti āha.
此时,菩萨身披诸多装饰,缓缓走于大地之上,各处展示光彩。一切婆罗门以“加耶那陀”(意为欢喜战胜)等语,诸如须陀摩迦陀语发出多种吉祥祝辞,以赞誉这辆满身装饰的最佳战车。此时,苏大多那王听闻“罗睺罗之母生子”之讯,大王表达喜悦:“我对儿子心生欢喜。”遂传达此善法。菩萨闻此即说:“罗睺已出世,束缚生起。”国王问:“我的儿子说了何话?”听后答曰:“请持此言,不必担心,罗睺罗太子必然成名。”
Bodhisattopi kho rathavaraṃ āruyha mahantena yasena atimanoramena sirisobhaggena nagaraṃ pāvisi. Tasmiṃ samaye kisāgotamī nāma khattiyakaññā uparipāsādavaratalagatā nagaraṃ padakkhiṇaṃ kurumānassa bodhisattassa rūpasiriṃ disvā pītisomanassajātā idaṃ udānaṃ udānesi –
菩萨乘坐华丽战车,威仪无比,进入城中。此时,一位名为迦颇多米的贵族女,居于上宫旁,周游城池时见菩萨仪表堂堂,生起欢喜愉悦之心,于此作赞曰:
‘‘Nibbutā nūna sā mātā, nibbuto nūna so pitā;
‘母者必定已入涅槃,父者必定已入涅槃;
Nibbutā nūna sā nārī, yassāyaṃ īdiso patī’’ti.
妇女必定已入涅槃,是有此等须臾自在主。’
Bodhisatto taṃ sutvā cintesi ‘‘ayaṃ evamāha ‘evarūpaṃ attabhāvaṃ passantiyā mātu hadayaṃ nibbāyati, pitu hadayaṃ nibbāyati, pajāpatiyā hadayaṃ nibbāyatī’ti! Kismiṃ nu kho nibbute hadayaṃ nibbutaṃ nāma hotī’’ti? Athassa kilesesu virattamānasassa etadahosi – ‘‘rāgaggimhi nibbute nibbutaṃ nāma hoti, dosaggimhi nibbute nibbutaṃ nāma hoti, mohaggimhi nibbute nibbutaṃ nāma hoti, mānadiṭṭhiādīsu sabbakilesadarathesu nibbutesu nibbutaṃ nāma hoti. Ayaṃ me sussavanaṃ sāvesi, ahañhi nibbānaṃ gavesanto carāmi, ajjeva mayā gharāvāsaṃ chaḍḍetvā nikkhamma pabbajitvā nibbānaṃ gavesituṃ vaṭṭati, ayaṃ imissā ācariyabhāgo hotū’’ti kaṇṭhato omuñcitvā kisāgotamiyā satasahassagghanakaṃ muttāhāraṃ pesesi. Sā ‘‘siddhatthakumāro mayi paṭibaddhacitto hutvā paṇṇākāraṃ pesesī’’ti somanassajātā ahosi.
菩萨闻此思维:“此言如是:‘见如是自性,母心熄灭,父心熄灭,婆罗门母心亦熄灭。’那涅槃之心在何处而名为熄灭?”于此,远离烦恼者对此有所觉知:“由贪欲火中称为熄灭,嗔恚火中称为熄灭,痴火中称为熄灭,由骄慢见等诸烦恼火中熄灭,名为涅槃心熄灭。我闻此语获益,今我欲求涅槃,今日舍家出家,开始求涅槃,此正是我当得之教导。”他音声略带哑音,赠送给未竟行菩萨千颗珍珠。
Bodhisattopi mahantena sirisobhaggena attano pāsādaṃ abhiruhitvā sirisayane nipajji. Tāvadeva ca naṃ sabbālaṅkārapaṭimaṇḍitā naccagītādīsu susikkhitā devakaññā viya rūpasobhaggappattā itthiyo nānātūriyāni gahetvā samparivārayitvā abhiramāpentiyo naccagītavāditāni payojayiṃsu. Bodhisatto kilesesu virattacittatāya naccādīsu anabhirato muhuttaṃ niddaṃ okkami. Tāpi itthiyo ‘‘yassatthāya mayaṃ naccādīni payojema, so niddaṃ upagato, idāni kimatthaṃ kilamāmā’’ti gahitaggahitāni tūriyāni ajjhottharitvā nipajjiṃsu, gandhatelappadīpā jhāyanti. Bodhisatto pabujjhitvā sayanapiṭṭhe pallaṅkena nisinno addasa tā itthiyo tūriyabhaṇḍāni avattharitvā niddāyantiyo – ekaccā paggharitakheḷā, lālākilinnagattā, ekaccā dante khādantiyo, ekaccā kākacchantiyo, ekaccā vippalapantiyo, ekaccā vivaṭamukhā, ekaccā apagatavatthā, pākaṭabībhacchasambādhaṭṭhānā. So tāsaṃ taṃ vippakāraṃ disvā bhiyyosomattāya kāmesu virattacitto ahosi. Tassa alaṅkatapaṭiyattaṃ sakkabhavanasadisampi taṃ mahātalaṃ apaviddhanānākuṇapabharitaṃ āmakasusānaṃ viya upaṭṭhāsi, tayo bhavā ādittagehasadisā khāyiṃsu – ‘‘upaddutaṃ vata bho, upassaṭṭhaṃ vata bho’’ti udānaṃ pavattesi, ativiya pabbajjāya cittaṃ nami.
菩萨乘大美头座殿登上,俯卧头床。诸女如天女般,盛饰华美,被美色光环罩,手持各种鼓舞器械作乐。菩萨心远离烦恼于舞乐感到厌倦,不久入睡。诸女曰:‘为谁敷设舞具?此人已入睡,为何强作?’各抬起乐器,点香油灯。菩萨觉醒,坐于床榻,看见诸女唱乐器旁酣睡者众—有抓帽者,有哼调者,有咬牙者,有口啄者,有杂乱喧哗者,有张大嘴者,有遗忘根基者,有明示恐怖之地者。见诸异状,菩萨心更离欲弃恶心生。装饰华美的萨咖天帝宅邸旁,大塘被污秽败坏似浸满污秽恶臭之地,烧毁三层房屋——‘确是污染污秽,实属践踏’他发呐喊,心因出家皈依甚庄严。
So ‘‘ajjeva mayā mahābhinikkhamanaṃ nikkhamituṃ vaṭṭatī’’ti sayanā uṭṭhāya dvārasamīpaṃ gantvā ‘‘ko etthā’’ti āha. Ummāre sīsaṃ katvā nipanno channo ‘‘ahaṃ ayyaputta channo’’ti āha. ‘‘Ahaṃ ajja mahābhinikkhamanaṃ nikkhamitukāmo, ekaṃ me assaṃ kappehī’’ti āha. So ‘‘sādhu devā’’ti assabhaṇḍikaṃ gahetvā assasālaṃ gantvā gandhatelapadīpesu jalantesu sumanapaṭṭavitānassa heṭṭhā ramaṇīye bhūmibhāge ṭhitaṃ kaṇḍakaṃ assarājānaṃ disvā ‘‘ajja mayā imameva kappetuṃ vaṭṭatī’’ti kaṇḍakaṃ kappesi. So kappiyamānova aññāsi ‘‘ayaṃ kappanā atigāḷhā , aññesu divasesu uyyānakīḷādigamane kappanā viya na hoti, mayhaṃ ayyaputto ajja mahābhinikkhamanaṃ nikkhamitukāmo bhavissatī’’ti. Tato tuṭṭhamānaso mahāhasitaṃ hasi. So saddo sakalanagaraṃ pattharitvā gaccheyya, devatā pana taṃ saddaṃ nirumbhitvā na kassaci sotuṃ adaṃsu.
他说:“今日我适宜大出家,起身至门口‘谁在此?’问。有囚者切断头颅,藏匿自言:“我是尊者之子囚徒。”自言:“我今日欲大出家,此生仅此一次。”对方曰:“善哉神灵,从此渡过香油灯火辉煌之处幽美庭园,见见沙王,于今日立此生愿。”此人如正参加祭祀,誓言:“此誓诚甚重,非他日匆匆游玩园林,父子今日立此大愿。”遂心生欣喜,大笑盈盈。这个声音遍及城中,天人压制不使他人闻听。
Bodhisattopi kho channaṃ pesetvāva ‘‘puttaṃ tāva passissāmī’’ti cintetvā nisinnapallaṅkato uṭṭhāya rāhulamātāya vasanaṭṭhānaṃ gantvā gabbhadvāraṃ vivari. Tasmiṃ khaṇe antogabbhe gandhatelapadīpo jhāyati, rāhulamātā sumanamallikādīnaṃ pupphānaṃ ambaṇamattena abhippakiṇṇasayane puttassa matthake hatthaṃ ṭhapetvā niddāyati. Bodhisatto ummāre pādaṃ ṭhapetvā ṭhitakova oloketvā ‘‘sacāhaṃ deviyā hatthaṃ apanetvā mama puttaṃ gaṇhissāmi, devī pabujjhissati, evaṃ me gamanantarāyo bhavissati, buddho hutvāva āgantvā puttaṃ passissāmī’’ti pāsādatalato otari. Yaṃ pana jātakaṭṭhakathāyaṃ ‘‘tadā sattāhajāto rāhulakumāro hotī’’ti vuttaṃ, taṃ sesaṭṭhakathāsu natthi, tasmā idameva gahetabbaṃ.
菩萨送出囚徒思:“当暂看其子。”坐床起身至织衣处开门。宫室内香油灯明,罗睺母亲手持菩提叶等花插枕边于胎中抚慰。菩萨足步踏地,似站立细观:‘如是我手托女神之手,将承担我子,女神觉醒,此为我无碍远行,成佛之后亦能亲见儿。’自殿厅下来。传说曰:“彼时七周岁罗睺少年。”其余童话未传,故此为当取事宜。
Evaṃ bodhisatto pāsādatalā otaritvā assasamīpaṃ gantvā evamāha – ‘‘tāta kaṇḍaka, tvaṃ ajja ekarattiṃ maṃ tāraya, ahaṃ taṃ nissāya buddho hutvā sadevakaṃ lokaṃ tāressāmī’’ti. Tato ullaṅghitvā kaṇḍakassa piṭṭhiṃ abhiruhi. Kaṇḍako gīvato paṭṭhāya āyāmena aṭṭhārasahattho hoti tadanucchavikena ubbedhena samannāgato thāmajavasampanno sabbaseto dhotasaṅkhasadiso. So sace haseyya vā padasaddaṃ vā kareyya, saddo sakalanagaraṃ avatthareyya. Tasmā devatā attano ānubhāvena tassa yathā na koci suṇāti, evaṃ hasitasaddaṃ sannirumbhitvā akkamanaakkamanapadavāre hatthatalāni upanāmesuṃ. Bodhisatto assavarassa piṭṭhivemajjhagato channaṃ assassa vāladhiṃ gāhāpetvā aḍḍharattasamaye mahādvārasamīpaṃ patto. Tadā pana rājā ‘‘evaṃ bodhisatto yāya kāyaci velāya nagaradvāraṃ vivaritvā nikkhamituṃ na sakkhissatī’’ti dvīsu dvārakavāṭesu ekekaṃ purisasahassena vivaritabbaṃ kārāpesi. Bodhisatto thāmabalasampanno, hatthigaṇanāya koṭisahassahatthīnaṃ balaṃ dhāreti, purisagaṇanāya dasakoṭisahassapurisānaṃ . So cintesi ‘‘sace dvāraṃ na vivarīyati, ajja kaṇḍakassa piṭṭhe nisinnova vāladhiṃ gahetvā ṭhitena channena saddhiṃyeva kaṇḍakaṃ ūrūhi nippīḷetvā aṭṭhārasahatthubbedhaṃ pākāraṃ uppatitvā atikkamissāmī’’ti. Channopi cintesi ‘‘sace dvāraṃ na vivarīyati, ahaṃ ayyaputtaṃ khandhe nisīdāpetvā kaṇḍakaṃ dakkhiṇena hatthena kucchiyaṃ parikkhipanto upakacchantare katvā pākāraṃ uppatitvā atikkamissāmī’’ti. Kaṇḍakopi cintesi ‘‘sace dvāraṃ na vivarīyati, ahaṃ attano sāmikaṃ piṭṭhiyaṃ yathānisinnameva channena vāladhiṃ gahetvā ṭhitena saddhiṃyeva ukkhipitvā pākāraṃ uppatitvā atikkamissāmī’’ti. Sace dvāraṃ na avāpurīyittha, yathācintitameva tesu tīsu janesu aññataro sampādeyya. Dvāre adhivatthā devatā pana dvāraṃ vivari.
如是,菩萨下了宫殿台阶,来到驴旁,如是说:「父亲大人,坎达卡,你今天夜里救我,我依止于你,成佛后当度脱众生。」说毕,便跨越坎达卡的驴背登上去。坎达卡回头后脖子伸长,有十八肘长,具备身长、脖长及血色,通体洁净如白玉圈。若他笑或发声,声音响彻整个城市。因此天神靠着自身威力,无人能听见,于是他发出笑声和呼喊声,在声音来往之间,用手掌拍打。菩萨位于中驴背,盖住驴臀部,用左手扶稳,夜半时分抵达大门附近。那时国王说:「此菩萨在某时间内将不开城门出城。」于是安排每道城门,各配一千人守卫。菩萨具足力量,拥有象兵数千万之力,男子军队达到一亿。菩萨心念:「若城门不开,今日便坐于坎达卡背上,右手压住驴,背被覆盖,将坎达卡压顶,冒出十八肘高障壁,穿越城门。」又观念:「若城门不开,我便令尊者坐于肩膀,使坎达卡俯伏,用右手撬起障壁穿过。」坎达卡也念:「若城门不开,我用自己主人的背,用罩布拿住,用力撑起,障壁冒出则越过去。」若城门果真不开,三者之一必成。城门此时已关闭,天神却张开门扉。
Tasmiṃyeva khaṇe māro ‘‘bodhisattaṃ nivattessāmī’’ti āgantvā ākāse ṭhito āha – ‘‘mārisa, mā nikkhama, ito te sattame divase cakkaratanaṃ pātubhavissati, dvisahassaparittadīpaparivārānaṃ catunnaṃ mahādīpānaṃ rajjaṃ kāressasi, nivatta mārisā’’ti. ‘‘Kosi tva’’nti? ‘‘Ahaṃ vasavattī’’ti. ‘‘Māra, jānāmahaṃ mayhaṃ cakkaratanassa pātubhāvaṃ, anatthikohaṃ rajjena, dasasahassilokadhātuṃ unnādetvā buddho bhavissāmī’’ti āha. Māro ‘‘ito dāni te paṭṭhāya kāmavitakkaṃ vā byāpādavitakkaṃ vā vihiṃsāvitakkaṃ vā cintitakāle jānissāmī’’ti otārāpekkho chāyā viya anapagacchanto anubandhi.
这时魔王来到空中,对菩萨说:「魔啊,菩萨该回去,你别出来。此地未来七天将得如意宝珠,你将统治四大陆千岛千万种大国,回去吧,魔啊。」菩萨答:「你是谁?」魔王说:「我名叫瓦沙瓦蒂。」菩萨答:「魔王,我知道你得到宝珠是无益的,我将出家成佛,升级十万世界。」魔王说:「今往后,我将随时观察你思维欲念、嗔恨念、伤害念。」虽执着等待,犹如投射的影子,魔王不曾离开,仍追随在后。
Bodhisattopi hatthagataṃ cakkavattirajjaṃ kheḷapiṇḍaṃ viya anapekkho chaḍḍetvā mahantena sakkārena nagarā nikkhami āsāḷhipuṇṇamāya uttarāsāḷhanakkhatte vattamāne. Nikkhamitvā ca puna nagaraṃ oloketukāmo jāto. Evañca panassa citte uppannamatteyeva ‘‘mahāpurisa, na tayā nivattitvā olokanakammaṃ kata’’nti vadamānā viya mahāpathavī kulālacakkaṃ viya bhijjitvā parivatti. Bodhisatto nagarābhimukho ṭhatvā nagaraṃ oloketvā tasmiṃ pathavippadese kaṇḍakanivattanacetiyaṭṭhānaṃ dassetvā gantabbamaggābhimukhaṃ kaṇḍakaṃ katvā pāyāsi mahantena sakkārena uḷārena sirisobhaggena. Tadā kirassa devatā purato saṭṭhi ukkāsahassāni dhārayiṃsu, pacchato saṭṭhi, dakkhiṇapassato saṭṭhi, vāmapassato saṭṭhi, aparā devatā cakkavāḷamukhavaṭṭiyaṃ aparimāṇā ukkā dhārayiṃsu, aparā devatā ca nāgasupaṇṇādayo ca dibbehi gandhehi mālāhi cuṇṇehi dhūmehi pūjayamānā gacchanti. Pāricchattakapupphehi ceva mandāravapupphehi ca ghanameghavuṭṭhikāle dhārāhi viya nabhaṃ nirantaraṃ ahosi, dibbāni saṃgītāni pavattiṃsu , samantato aṭṭhasaṭṭhi tūriyasatasahassāni pavajjiṃsu, samuddakucchiyaṃ meghatthanitakālo viya yugandharakucchiyaṃ sāgaranigghosakālo viya vattati.
菩萨弃王位如抛弃石子一般,离开国都,阿沙达望月夜期间正是北巴萨莱星宿主宰时。离城时,欲回望都市。心生念想:「大丈夫啊,他不回望都市,不作最后观察。」如同风中折断车轮,翻转如轮。菩萨面向城市,观望此地,显现坎达卡回头处石碑所在,表明将前往之路。菩萨以广大威力、雄武风采、头戴荣耀冠冕。此时天神六十万众护持在前方,后方、南面、北面、西面各有六十万天众,众多天神环绕,无量护持。又有天龙、金翅鸟等神以天香、花环、粉尘、烟雾供养。浓云密布,如雨频降,天音奏起,八十八万三千三百涌现,如雨滴如大海波涛,声势震荡。
Iminā sirisobhaggena gacchanto bodhisatto ekaratteneva tīṇi rajjāni atikkamma tiṃsayojanamatthake anomānadītīraṃ pāpuṇi. ‘‘Kiṃ pana asso tato paraṃ gantuṃ na sakkotī’’ti? ‘‘No, na sakko’’ti. So hi ekaṃ cakkavāḷagabbhaṃ nābhiyā ṭhitacakkassa nemivaṭṭiṃ maddanto viya antantena caritvā purepātarāsameva āgantvā attano sampāditaṃ bhattaṃ bhuñjituṃ samattho. Tadā pana devanāgasupaṇṇādīhi ākāse ṭhatvā ossaṭṭhehi gandhamālādīhi yāva ūruppadesā sañchannaṃ sarīraṃ ākaḍḍhitvā gandhamālājaṭaṃ chindantassa atippapañco ahosi, tasmā tiṃsayojanamattameva agamāsi. Atha bodhisatto nadītīre ṭhatvā channaṃ pucchi – ‘‘kinnāmā ayaṃ nadī’’ti? ‘‘Anomā nāma, devā’’ti. ‘‘Amhākampi pabbajjā anomā bhavissatī’’ti paṇhiyā ghaṭṭento assassa saññaṃ adāsi. Asso uppatitvā aṭṭhūsabhavitthārāya nadiyā pārimatīre aṭṭhāsi.
随头戴荣耀冠冕续行,菩萨当夜越过三条江河,约三十由旬,抵达阿诺玛河岸边。心念:「为何不能过彼岸?」答「不能。」他执杵如盘旋车轮,边缘旋转,如逆流而上,来到之前常为供养处。饮食得当。此时天龙、金翅鸟等天神空中立定,用花环香气遮覆全身,切断香环缠绕之网,极其神通,于是只行至三十由旬处。菩萨在河岸立定,问:「此河何名?」答曰:「名为阿诺玛,天神啊。」菩萨问:「我们也将在此出家吗?」天神授与观念。驴起身,立于河对岸岸边。
Bodhisatto assapiṭṭhito oruyha rajatapaṭṭasadise vālukāpuline ṭhatvā channaṃ āmantesi – ‘‘samma, channa, tvaṃ mayhaṃ ābharaṇāni ceva kaṇḍakañca ādāya gaccha, ahaṃ pabbajissāmī’’ti. ‘‘Ahampi, deva, pabbajissāmī’’ti. Bodhisatto ‘‘na labbhā tayā pabbajituṃ, gaccha tva’’nti tikkhattuṃ paṭibāhitvā ābharaṇāni ceva kaṇḍakañca paṭicchāpetvā cintesi ‘‘ime mayhaṃ kesā samaṇasāruppā na hontī’’ti. Añño bodhisattassa kese chindituṃ yuttarūpo natthi, tato ‘‘sayameva khaggena chindissāmī’’ti dakkhiṇena hatthena asiṃ gaṇhitvā vāmahatthena moḷiyā saddhiṃ cūḷaṃ gahetvā chindi, kesā dvaṅgulamattā hutvā dakkhiṇato āvattamānā sīsaṃ allīyiṃsu. Tesaṃ yāvajīvaṃ tadeva pamāṇaṃ ahosi, massu ca tadanurūpaṃ, puna kesamassuohāraṇakiccaṃ nāma nāhosi. Bodhisatto saha moḷiyā cuḷaṃ gahetvā ‘‘sacāhaṃ buddho bhavissāmi, ākāse tiṭṭhatu, no ce, bhūmiyaṃ patatū’’ti antalikkhe khipi. Taṃ cūḷāmaṇiveṭhanaṃ yojanappamāṇaṃ ṭhānaṃ gantvā ākāse aṭṭhāsi. Sakko devarājā dibbacakkhunā oloketvā yojaniyaratanacaṅkoṭakena sampaṭicchitvā tāvatiṃsabhavane cūḷāmaṇicetiyaṃ nāma patiṭṭhāpesi.
菩萨立于驴背,立于银色袈裟砂丘上,呼唤遮蔽者:「善哉,遮蔽者,请你带着我的宝饰及坎达卡前往,我将出家。」答曰:「我也将出家。」菩萨说:「你不可令其出家,去吧。」于是驱赶,收起宝饰与坎达卡,心念:「这些头发如出世人的头发不相称。」他无他菩萨头发可剪,然后心念:「我自以雀鸟爪剪之。」右手持剑,左手持刀尖,与雀爪似者持刃相对,于是剪断头发约两肘长,自南向北缠绕,束缚头部。头发长度终其一生此量,亦无头发除除之责。菩萨与刀尖持刃相接,心念:「我今当成佛,立于空中;若不能,必堕地。」遂至一处宽阔之处,约一由旬,空中而立。萨咖天帝用神眼观察,施宝光为天三十重宝塔立于忉利天。
‘‘Chetvāna moḷiṃ varagandhavāsitaṃ, vehāyasaṃ ukkhipi aggapuggalo;
“削去发上层,烧香熏身,乘车驾马首先行者;
Sahassanetto sirasā paṭiggahi, suvaṇṇacaṅkoṭavarena vāsavo’’ti.
撒哈撒内陀以头部接触,称呼他为“光辉灿烂的天人”。
Puna bodhisatto cintesi ‘‘imāni kāsikavatthāni mayhaṃ na samaṇasāruppānī’’ti. Athassa kassapabuddhakāle purāṇasahāyako ghaṭīkāramahābrahmā ekaṃ buddhantaraṃ jaraṃ apattena mittabhāvena cintesi – ‘‘ajja me sahāyako mahābhinikkhamanaṃ nikkhanto, samaṇaparikkhāramassa gahetvā gacchissāmī’’ti.
菩萨再次思惟道:“这些城中的物品对我并不象沙门的用品那样相同。”尔时,在咖萨巴佛时代,一位古老的随从大梵天——制罐大师因年老,于佛陀住世时期,心念朋友之情,思惟说:“今日我的随从要出家远行,携带沙门的用具,我当随他一道前行。”
‘‘Ticīvarañca patto ca, vāsī sūci ca bandhanaṃ;
“袈裟已得,布片也得,穿针和绳索也已具备;
Parissāvanena aṭṭhete, yuttayogassa bhikkhuno’’ti. –
用于保护的壳壳也得,沙门适合的结缔之物俱全。”——
Ime aṭṭha samaṇaparikkhāre āharitvā adāsi. Bodhisatto arahaddhajaṃ nivāsetvā uttamapabbajjāvesaṃ gaṇhitvā ‘‘channa, mama vacanena mātāpitūnaṃ ārogyaṃ vadehī’’ti vatvā uyyojesi. Channo bodhisattaṃ vanditvā padakkhiṇaṃ katvā pakkāmi. Kaṇḍako pana channena saddhiṃ mantayamānassa bodhisattassa vacanaṃ suṇanto ṭhatvā ‘‘natthi dāni mayhaṃ puna sāmino dassana’’nti cakkhupathaṃ vijahanto sokaṃ adhivāsetuṃ asakkonto hadayena phalitena kālaṃ katvā tāvatiṃsabhavane kaṇḍako nāma devaputto hutvā nibbatti. Channassa paṭhamaṃ ekova soko ahosi, kaṇḍakassa pana kālakiriyāya dutiyena sokena pīḷito rodanto paridevanto nagaraṃ agamāsi.
菩萨收集并给予了这八种沙门用具。菩萨安置秉持阿拉汉心志后,穿上最佳的初发出家衣,言曰:“遮盖之物啊,请以我的话为母父安康。”遮盖物礼敬菩萨,绕行三匝后离去。时有名为坎达柯的天子,与遮盖者共议,听闻菩萨言语,站立不动,说:“此刻我已不能复见随从。”遂闭眼以灭除忧愁,因心伤悲,耗费光阴,化生于忉利天宫。遮盖者初次忧伤,而坎达柯因时运不济第二次忧苦,痛哭悲悼,前往人间都城。
Bodhisattopi pabbajitvā tasmiṃyeva padese anupiyaṃ nāma ambavanaṃ atthi, tattha sattāhaṃ pabbajjāsukhena vītināmetvā ekadivaseneva tiṃsayojanamaggaṃ padasā gantvā rājagahaṃ pāvisi. Pavisitvā sapadānaṃ piṇḍāya cari. Sakalanagaraṃ bodhisattassa rūpadassanena dhanapālakena paviṭṭharājagahaṃ viya asurindena paviṭṭhadevanagaraṃ viya ca saṅkhobhaṃ agamāsi. Rājapurisā gantvā ‘‘deva, evarūpo nāma satto nagare piṇḍāya carati, ‘devo vā manusso vā nāgo vā supaṇṇo vā ko nāmeso’ti na jānāmā’’ti ārocesuṃ. Rājā pāsādatale ṭhatvā mahāpurisaṃ disvā acchariyabbhutajāto purise āṇāpesi – ‘‘gacchatha bhaṇe, vīmaṃsatha, sace amanusso bhavissati, nagarā nikkhamitvā antaradhāyissati, sace devatā bhavissati, ākāsena gacchissati, sace nāgo bhavissati, pathaviyaṃ nimujjitvā gamissati, sace manusso bhavissati, yathāladdhaṃ bhikkhaṃ paribhuñjissatī’’ti.
菩萨初发出家后,至彼处有一名为阿努碧亚的林园。由此处乘三十由旬的道路,经过一天,进入王舍城。进入后,逐日乞食。全城众人见菩萨容貌,如同财富神或者如大地之帝又似天界诸神似的帝释天进入。诸王子女见后,互相议论说:“此人是天人、人间鬼神还是鹰鹫,我们无法确定其身分。”王一日在宫殿下见此卓越人,诧异惊叹谓之:“请行来此,审视此人:若为非人,将离开城池隐没;若为天人,将从空中而来;若为蛇类,将潜入地下;若为人类,将依所应得的,享用乞食。”
Mahāpurisopi kho missakabhattaṃ saṃharitvā ‘‘alaṃ me ettakaṃ yāpanāyā’’ti ñatvā paviṭṭhadvāreneva nagarā nikkhamitvā paṇḍavapabbatacchāyāya puratthābhimukho nisīditvā āhāraṃ paribhuñjituṃ āraddho. Athassa antāni parivattitvā mukhena nikkhamanākārappattāni viya ahesuṃ. Tato tena attabhāvena evarūpassa āhārassa cakkhunāpi adiṭṭhapubbatāya tena paṭikūlāhārena aṭṭiyamāno evaṃ attanāva attānaṃ ovadi ‘‘siddhattha, tvaṃ sulabhannapāne kule tivassikagandhasālibhojanaṃ nānaggarasehi bhuñjanaṭṭhāne nibbattitvāpi ekaṃ paṃsukūlikaṃ disvā ‘kadā nu kho ahampi evarūpo hutvā piṇḍāya caritvā bhuñjissāmi, bhavissati nu kho me so kālo’ti cintetvā nikkhanto, idāni kiṃ nāmetaṃ karosī’’ti. Evaṃ attanāva attānaṃ ovaditvā nibbikāro hutvā āhāraṃ paribhuñji.
那位圣人收拾好卖饭之器后,心中自语说:“我已完成了这些供养。”随即穿过门户,步出城中,面向潘陀山阴影,端坐于东方,开始享受饮食。之后,他用口运转,像口边生出新形一样。于是,凭自身的智慧和观察,以眼睛更先发现食物的特性,排斥那些不合适的食物,同时自我劝诫说:“悉达多,你虽出身豪门贵族之家,食用三季香稻饭,在非凡食处生活,但见了一块尘垢的食物,心中思量‘何时我也能如是四处化缘而食?是否当有此时?’于是起身,心念‘现在怎么办呢?’这样自劝服后,安静下来享用了食物。
Rājapurisā taṃ pavattiṃ disvā gantvā rañño ārocesuṃ. Rājā dūtavacanaṃ sutvā vegena nagarā nikkhamitvā bodhisattassa santikaṃ gantvā iriyāpathasmiṃyeva pasīditvā bodhisattassa sabbaṃ issariyaṃ niyyādesi . Bodhisatto ‘‘mayhaṃ, mahārāja, vatthukāmehi vā kilesakāmehi vā attho natthi, ahaṃ paramābhisambodhiṃ patthayanto nikkhanto’’ti āha. Rājā anekappakāraṃ yācantopi tassa cittaṃ alabhitvā ‘‘addhā tvaṃ buddho bhavissasi, buddhabhūtena pana te paṭhamaṃ mama vijitaṃ āgantabba’’nti paṭiññaṃ gaṇhi. Ayamettha saṅkhepo, vitthāro pana ‘‘pabbajjaṃ kittayissāmi, yathā pabbaji cakkhumā’’ti imaṃ pabbajjāsuttaṃ (su. ni. 407 ādayo) saddhiṃ aṭṭhakathāya oloketvā veditabbo.
王城的居民见此情形,前去向国王报告。国王听闻使者的言语后,迅速出城,来到菩萨面前,并在行路途中的某处停留,吩咐释放菩萨所有的威权。菩萨说:“大王,我不图布衣或染污之欲;我是为达至最高正觉而出家。”国王虽然请求多次,但菩萨心不动摇,于是国王说:“你终将成佛,而你应先来见我。”两人答应后,这里略说其事。在《出家经》(苏尼261卷407页)中与此出家事理相应注释应予参阅。
Bodhisattopi rañño paṭiññaṃ datvā anupubbena cārikaṃ caramāno āḷārañca kālāmaṃ udakañca rāmaputtaṃ upasaṅkamitvā samāpattiyo nibbattetvā ‘‘nāyaṃ maggo bodhāyā’’ti tampi samāpattibhāvanaṃ analaṅkaritvā sadevakassa lokassa attano thāmavīriyasandassanatthaṃ mahāpadhānaṃ padahitukāmo uruvelaṃ gantvā ‘‘ramaṇīyo vatāyaṃ bhūmibhāgo’’ti tattheva vāsaṃ upagantvā mahāpadhānaṃ padahi. Tepi kho koṇḍaññappamukhā pañca pabbajitā gāmanigamarājadhānīsu bhikkhāya carantā tattha bodhisattaṃ sampāpuṇiṃsu. Atha naṃ chabbassāni mahāpadhānaṃ padahantaṃ ‘‘idāni buddho bhavissati, idāni buddho bhavissatī’’ti pariveṇasammajjanādikāya vattapaṭipattiyā upaṭṭhahamānā santikāvacarāvassa ahesuṃ. Bodhisattopi kho ‘‘koṭippattaṃ dukkarakāriyaṃ karissāmī’’ti ekatilataṇḍulādīhipi vītināmesi, sabbasopi āhārūpacchedaṃ akāsi, devatāpi lomakūpehi ojaṃ upasaṃharamānā paṭikkhipi.
菩萨接受国王之约,开始出游。他先到阿罗罕者阿拉拉和卡拉马、以及罗摩之子处,体验定境,而后断定“此路不通向觉悟”。未加修饰其定事,方才离开,前往乌如勒城,称赞那地风光怡人,于是入住。同此时,五位以宽肩著称的先出家者,行走乡村、城镇、国都,不期而遇菩萨。而菩萨持续了六年勤修大业,深刻践行净戒、正行之规,来回奔走,获比库众侍奉陪同。菩萨当时想:“我将如何完成极难的修行?”连稻米类细小饮食都戒断,甚至连神祇摩擦毛发都喘息不吸入而屏弃。
Athassa tāya nirāhāratāya paramakasimānappattakāyassa suvaṇṇavaṇṇo kāyo kāḷavaṇṇo ahosi. Bāttiṃsamahāpurisalakkhaṇāni paṭicchannāni ahesuṃ. Appekadā appāṇakaṃ jhānaṃ jhāyanto mahāvedanāhi abhitunno visaññībhūto caṅkamanakoṭiyaṃ patati. Atha naṃ ekaccā devatā ‘‘kālakato samaṇo gotamo’’ti vadanti, ekaccā ‘‘vihāroveso arahata’’nti āhaṃsu. Tattha yāsaṃ ‘‘kālakato’’ti ahosi, tā gantvā suddhodanamahārājassa ārocesuṃ ‘‘tumhākaṃ putto kālakato’’ti. Mama putto buddho hutvā kālakato, ahutvāti? Buddho bhavituṃ nāsakkhi, padhānabhūmiyaṃyeva patitvā kālakatoti. Idaṃ sutvā rājā ‘‘nāhaṃ saddahāmi, mama puttassa bodhiṃ appatvā kālakiriyā nāma natthī’’ti paṭikkhipi. Kasmā pana rājā na saddahatīti? Kāḷadevīlatāpasassa vandāpanadivase jamburukkhamūle ca pāṭihāriyānaṃ diṭṭhattā.
因为他的极严禁食与身体发育萎缩,身体呈暗金色而非黑色。三十二大人相特征全部退隐消失。他入禅定时,心生剧痛染污,心念变得不清净,仿佛跌入于重岸之行。此时,一些天人指认他说:“这是‘时刻者’沙门果德玛。”也有人称他为“阿拉汉之住处”。被称“时刻者”的名讳传播出去,有人去告诉洁净城的王,称“你之子即是时刻者。”王问:“我的子是佛而称时刻者吗?他未成佛却被呼此名,何以?”他因未能证得佛果,跌入业力基境,故称“时刻者”。王闻此言,则不信,称:“我不信,我子成佛不可能被称‘时刻者’。”为何王不信?这是因在烈日当空炎夏敬拜忿魔时,于甘蔗树根目睹不可思议之异。
Puna bodhisatte saññaṃ paṭilabhitvā uṭṭhite tā devatā gantvā ‘‘arogo te mahārāja putto’’ti ārocenti. Rājā ‘‘jānāmahaṃ puttassa amaraṇabhāva’’nti vadati. Mahāsattassa chabbassāni dukkarakāriyaṃ karontassa ākāse gaṇṭhikaraṇakālo viya ahosi. So ‘‘ayaṃ dukkarakārikā nāma bodhāya maggo na hotī’’ti oḷārikaṃ āhāraṃ āhāretuṃ gāmanigamesu piṇḍāya caritvā āhāraṃ āhari, athassa bāttiṃsamahāpurisalakkhaṇāni pākatikāni ahesuṃ, kāyo suvaṇṇavaṇṇo ahosi. Pañcavaggiyā bhikkhū ‘‘ayaṃ chabbassāni dukkarakārikaṃ karontopi sabbaññutaṃ paṭivijjhituṃ nāsakkhi, idāni gāmādīsu piṇḍāya caritvā oḷārikaṃ āhāraṃ āhariyamāno kiṃ sakkhissati, bāhuliko esa padhānavibbhanto, sīsaṃ nhāyitukāmassa ussāvabindutakkanaṃ viya amhākaṃ etassa santikā visesatakkanaṃ, kiṃ no iminā’’ti mahāpurisaṃ pahāya attano attano pattacīvaraṃ gahetvā aṭṭhārasayojanamaggaṃ gantvā isipatanaṃ pavisiṃsu.
后来,当菩萨重新获得正念并起身,那些天人前来对国王说:“你的儿子已康健无疾。”国王说:“我认识我儿子得不死之境。”菩萨六年勤苦修行,如鸣响器般发出时至鸣响。他采集细小饮食,往返乡村托缽吃食,其三十二大人特征恢复显现,身色明亮为金色。五部比库说:“即使如此辛苦难行,亦无法透彻破除一切,现今他行于乡村托缽吃食时采集细小饮食,他将能完成何业?他专注已极,欲欲俱灭,头欲洁净滴露犹如鸟之特征,况且他已近证正了。”于是大家撇弃各自衣钵,拿着袈裟,出道走入十八由旬之道,进入仙人堕处。
Tena kho pana samayena uruvelāyaṃ senānigame senānikuṭumbikassa gehe nibbattā sujātā nāma dārikā vayappattā ekasmiṃ nigrodharukkhe patthanaṃ akāsi ‘‘sace samajātikaṃ kulagharaṃ gantvā paṭhamagabbhe puttaṃ labhissāmi, anusaṃvaccharaṃ te satasahassapariccāgena balikammaṃ karissāmī’’ti. Tassā sā patthanā samijjhi. Sā mahāsattassa dukkarakārikaṃ karontassa chaṭṭhe vasse paripuṇṇe visākhapuṇṇamāyaṃ balikammaṃ kātukāmā hutvā puretaraṃ dhenusahassaṃ laṭṭhimadhukavane carāpetvā tāsaṃ khīraṃ pañca dhenusatāni pāyetvā tāsaṃ khīraṃ aḍḍhatiyānīti evaṃ yāva soḷasannaṃ dhenūnaṃ khīraṃ aṭṭha dhenuyo pivanti, tāva khīrassa bahalatañca madhuratañca ojavantatañca patthayamānā khīraparivattanaṃ nāma akāsi. Sā visākhapuṇṇamadivase ‘‘pātova balikammaṃ karissāmī’’ti rattiyā paccūsasamayaṃ paccuṭṭhāya tā aṭṭha dhenuyo duhāpesi. Vacchakā dhenūnaṃ thanamūlaṃ nāgamiṃsu, thanamūle pana navabhājane upanītamatte attano dhammatāya khīradhārā pavattiṃsu. Taṃ acchariyaṃ disvā sujātā sahattheneva khīraṃ gahetvā navabhājane pakkhipitvā sahattheneva aggiṃ katvā pacituṃ ārabhi.
此时,在乌如勒镇的军家宅中,生下一名女子,名叫苏迦塔。出生时,她对父母立誓:“若我嫁入世家之家,生第一个孩子,我必以百千劳役回报。”此誓言深植其心。她六岁时,恰逢五月满月,她愿履行此役,先前饲养一千头母牛于甘蔗和蜂蜜之林中,挤奶,收集五产牛乳。她让八头母牛饮用奶水,称这为“旋奶”。五月满月当天,她立誓要履行先前誓言,夜半起床,赶着八头奶牛饮水。牛群来到土地根处喝奶时,牛群散开,奶流从根部流出。苏迦塔见此奇异,立即拾取奶汁,于根部倾倒,点火开始烹煮。
Tasmiṃ pāyāse paccamāne mahantamahantā bubbuḷā uṭṭhahitvā dakkhiṇāvattā hutvā sañcaranti, ekaphusitampi bahi na patati, uddhanato appamattakopi dhūmo na uṭṭhahati. Tasmiṃ samaye cattāro lokapālā āgantvā uddhane ārakkhaṃ gaṇhiṃsu, mahābrahmā chattaṃ dhāresi, sakko alātāni samānento aggiṃ jālesi. Devatā dvisahassadīpaparivāresu catūsu mahādīpesu devānañca manussānañca upakappanaojaṃ attano devānubhāvena daṇḍakabaddhaṃ madhupaṭalaṃ pīḷetvā madhuṃ gaṇhamānā viya saṃharitvā tattha pakkhipiṃsu. Aññesu hi kālesu devatā kabaḷe kabaḷe ojaṃ pakkhipanti, sambodhidivase ca pana parinibbānadivase ca ukkhaliyaṃyeva pakkhipanti. Sujātā ekadivaseyeva tattha attano pākaṭāni anekāni acchariyāni disvā puṇṇaṃ dāsiṃ āmantesi ‘‘amma puṇṇe, ajja amhākaṃ devatā ativiya pasannā, mayā ettake kāle evarūpaṃ acchariyaṃ nāma na diṭṭhapubbaṃ, vegena gantvā devaṭṭhānaṃ paṭijaggāhī’’ti. Sā ‘‘sādhu, ayye’’ti tassā vacanaṃ sampaṭicchitvā turitaturitā rukkhamūlaṃ agamāsi.
此时,在那被倒入的甜饭中,异乎寻常的大泡沫冒出,先往南边转动,旋转着四处流动,没有一滴溢出,连升腾的烟雾也极为微小而不起。正是此刻,四位世界守护天神到来,于高处守护,大神梵天持伞遮蔽,萨咖天帝摇动天铃,播散火焰。诸天以二千灯火簇拥,环绕四大光明处,用自身天力促成诸天与人间的和合,轰击着蜂树蜂团,仿佛采集蜜糖般捣碎,随即抛洒过去。于其他时间,天众时而抛洒力气,且于觉悟之日及般涅槃日,施以猛烈打击。苏伽陀某日亲见诸多奇异显现,满怀喜悦邀请众生:「诸位善士,今日我天众极为欢喜,我前所未见此等奇异,速往天园共修。」她礼敬答言:「善哉,尊者。」遂急速至树根下。
Bodhisattopi kho tasmiṃ rattibhāge pañca mahāsupine disvā pariggaṇhanto ‘‘nissaṃsayenāhaṃ ajja buddho bhavissāmī’’ti katasanniṭṭhāno tassā rattiyā accayena katasarīrapaṭijaggano bhikkhācārakālaṃ āgamayamāno pātova āgantvā tasmiṃ rukkhamūle nisīdi attano pabhāya sakalarukkhaṃ obhāsayamāno. Atha kho sā puṇṇā āgantvā addasa bodhisattaṃ rukkhamūle pācīnalokadhātuṃ olokayamānaṃ nisinnaṃ, sarīrato cassa nikkhantāhi pabhāhi sakalarukkhaṃ suvaṇṇavaṇṇaṃ. Disvā tassā etadahosi – ‘‘ajja amhākaṃ devatā rukkhato oruyha sahattheneva balikammaṃ sampaṭicchituṃ nisinnā maññe’’ti ubbegappattā hutvā vegenāgantvā sujātāya etamatthaṃ ārocesi.
此时,菩萨夜半见五位强力的众生,思量必将成佛,坚决立志,并深知彼时此刻,化身数体进入比库修行的时刻。菩萨坐于树下,身光普照诸树。此刻苏伽陀到达,见菩萨面向南天,端坐安稳,周身散发金光。见此景象,她心生揣测:「今日我天众欲从树上得取甘露,显现法力,似正履行重责故也。」心生急念,赶去告知苏伽陀。
Sujātā tassā vacanaṃ sutvā tuṭṭhamānasā hutvā ‘‘ajja dāni paṭṭhāya mama jeṭṭhadhītuṭṭhāne tiṭṭhāhī’’ti dhītu anucchavikaṃ sabbālaṅkāraṃ adāsi. Yasmā pana buddhabhāvaṃ pāpuṇanadivase satasahassagghanikaṃ suvaṇṇapātiṃ laddhuṃ vaṭṭati, tasmā sā ‘‘suvaṇṇapātiyaṃ pāyāsaṃ pakkhipissāmī’’ti cittaṃ uppādetvā satasahassagghanikaṃ suvaṇṇapātiṃ nīharāpetvā tattha pāyāsaṃ pakkhipitukāmā pakkabhājanaṃ āvajjesi. ‘Sabbo pāyāso padumapattā udakaṃ viya vinivattitvā pātiyaṃ patiṭṭhāsi, ekapātipūramattova ahosi’. Sā taṃ pātiṃ aññāya suvaṇṇapātiyā paṭikujjitvā odātavatthena veṭhetvā sabbālaṅkārehi attabhāvaṃ alaṅkaritvā taṃ pātiṃ attano sīse ṭhapetvā mahantena ānubhāvena nigrodharukkhamūlaṃ gantvā bodhisattaṃ oloketvā balavasomanassajātā ‘‘rukkhadevatā’’ti saññāya diṭṭhaṭṭhānato paṭṭhāya onatonatā gantvā sīsato pātiṃ otāretvā vivaritvā suvaṇṇabhiṅkārena gandhapupphavāsitaṃ udakaṃ gahetvā bodhisattaṃ upagantvā aṭṭhāsi. Ghaṭīkāramahābrahmunā dinno mattikāpatto ettakaṃ addhānaṃ bodhisattaṃ avijahitvā tasmiṃ khaṇe adassanaṃ gato, bodhisatto pattaṃ apassanto dakkhiṇahatthaṃ pasāretvā udakaṃ sampaṭicchi. Sujātā saheva pātiyā pāyāsaṃ mahāpurisassa hatthe ṭhapesi, mahāpuriso sujātaṃ olokesi. Sā ākāraṃ sallakkhetvā ‘‘ayya, mayā tumhākaṃ pariccattaṃ, gaṇhitvā yathāruciṃ gacchathā’’ti vanditvā ‘‘yathā mayhaṃ manoratho nipphanno , evaṃ tumhākampi nipphajjatū’’ti vatvā satasahassagghanikāya suvaṇṇapātiyā purāṇapaṇṇe viya anapekkhā hutvā pakkāmi.
苏伽陀闻言,欢喜说道:「今日我当驻守我最长姐妹的居所。」她为此打扫施以华盖装饰。彼日菩萨成佛,得金色海千山万,故苏伽陀起念:「我当以金澄粥养活天众。」于是净除金色海中的杂质,方欲献粥。她寻找壶及华盖,装饰自身容貌,将粥置于头顶,以大威力前往无花树树根观望菩萨。她心中以「树神」之想观视凡位所在,并打扫地点,净水芬芳,将水献给菩萨。那时,佛陀所送的陶器赠与苏伽陀,如此即告别,并把粥置于菩萨手中,菩萨注视后伸右手,接受水。苏伽陀将粥置于大人之手,彼复望之,苏伽陀以仪轨唱念,恭敬施礼并祝愿其成就理想,随后带着金色海,如纯白莲叶般坦然离开。
Bodhisattopi kho nisinnaṭṭhānā uṭṭhāya rukkhaṃ padakkhiṇaṃ katvā pātiṃ ādāya nerañjarāya tīraṃ gantvā anekesaṃ bodhisattasahassānaṃ abhisambujjhanadivase otaritvā nhānaṭṭhānaṃ suppatiṭṭhitatitthaṃ nāma atthi, tassa tīre pātiṃ ṭhapetvā otaritvā nhatvā anekabuddhasatasahassānaṃ nivāsanaṃ arahaddhajaṃ nivāsetvā puratthābhimukho nisīditvā ekaṭṭhitālapakkappamāṇe ekūnapaññāsa piṇḍe katvā sabbaṃ appodakaṃ madhupāyāsaṃ paribhuñji. So eva hissa buddhabhūtassa sattasattāhaṃ bodhimaṇḍe vasantassa ekūnapaññāsa divasāni āhāro ahosi. Ettakaṃ kālaṃ neva añño āhāro atthi, na nhānaṃ, na mukhadhovanaṃ, na sarīravaḷañjo, jhānasukhena maggasukhena phalasukhena ca vītināmesi. Taṃ pana pāyāsaṃ paribhuñjitvā suvaṇṇapātiṃ gahetvā ‘‘sacāhaṃ, ajja buddho bhavituṃ sakkhissāmi, ayaṃ pāti paṭisotaṃ gacchatu, no ce sakkhissāmi, anusotaṃ gacchatū’’ti vatvā nadīsote pakkhipi. Sā sotaṃ chindamānā nadīmajjhaṃ gantvā majjhamajjhaṭṭhāneneva javasampanno asso viya asītihatthamattaṭṭhānaṃ paṭisotaṃ gantvā ekasmiṃ āvaṭṭe nimujjitvā kāḷanāgarājabhavanaṃ gantvā tiṇṇaṃ buddhānaṃ paribhogapātiyo ‘‘kili kilī’’ti ravaṃ kārayamānā paharitvāva tāsaṃ sabbaheṭṭhimā hutvā aṭṭhāsi. Kāḷo nāgarājā taṃ saddaṃ sutvā ‘‘hiyyo eko buddho nibbatto, puna ajja eko nibbatto’’ti vatvā anekehi padasatehi thutiyo vadamāno uṭṭhāsi. Tassa kira mahāpathaviyā ekayojanatigāvutappamāṇaṃ nabhaṃ pūretvā ārohanakālo ‘‘ajja vā hiyyo vā’’ti sadiso ahosi.
菩萨起身绕树一周,取容器至涅槃河岸。此处众多菩萨聚会沐浴处名存实亡。菩萨取容器,坐于面对东方的台座,割取五十九捧粥分食,滋养身心。此时,菩萨食用宝贵粥足七十七日,此间无他饮食,无洗浴,无嗽口,无体香施用,诸禅喜、道喜及果报喜皆得已具足。食毕,取金色海,念言:「若今日能成佛,愿此瓷壶随我;若不能,愿随佛他道。」随即将瓷壶投河。苏伽陀见瓷壶沉落河中,如马奔流至极深处,入一漩涡,前往黑龙王宫,受三佛的忿怒之声震慑。黑龙王王闻声感叹:「昨日佛陀涅槃,今日又现新佛入世。」振臂称扬,天地广阔荣耀升腾,此景宛如新旧交替。
Bodhisattopi nadītīramhi supupphitasālavane divāvihāraṃ katvā sāyanhasamaye pupphānaṃ vaṇṭato muccanakāle devatāhi alaṅkatena aṭṭhūsabhavitthārena maggena sīho viya vijambhamāno bodhirukkhābhimukho pāyāsi. Nāgayakkhasupaṇṇādayo dibbehi gandhapupphādīhi pūjayiṃsu, dibbasaṅgītādīni pavattayiṃsu, dasasahassī lokadhātu ekagandhā ekamālā ekasādhukārā ahosi. Tasmiṃ samaye sotthiyo nāma tiṇahārako tiṇaṃ ādāya paṭipathe āgacchanto mahāpurisassa ākāraṃ ñatvā aṭṭha tiṇamuṭṭhiyo adāsi. Bodhisatto tiṇaṃ gahetvā bodhimaṇḍaṃ āruyha dakkhiṇadisābhāge uttarābhimukho aṭṭhāsi. Tasmiṃ khaṇe dakkhiṇacakkavāḷaṃ osīditvā heṭṭhā avīcisampattaṃ viya ahosi, uttaracakkavāḷaṃ ullaṅghitvā upari bhavaggappattaṃ viya ahosi. Bodhisatto ‘‘idaṃ sambodhiṃ pāpuṇanaṭṭhānaṃ na bhavissati maññe’’ti padakkhiṇaṃ karonto pacchimadisābhāgaṃ gantvā puratthābhimukho aṭṭhāsi, tato pacchimacakkavāḷaṃ osīditvā heṭṭhā avīcisampattaṃ viya ahosi, puratthimacakkavāḷaṃ ullaṅghitvā upari bhavaggappattaṃ viya ahosi. Ṭhitaṭṭhitaṭṭhāne kirassa nemivaṭṭipariyante akkante nābhiyā patiṭṭhitamahāsakaṭacakkaṃ viya mahāpathavī onatunnatā ahosi. Bodhisatto ‘‘idampi sambodhiṃ pāpuṇanaṭṭhānaṃ na bhavissati maññe’’ti padakkhiṇaṃ karonto uttaradisābhāgaṃ gantvā dakkhiṇābhimukho aṭṭhāsi, tato uttaracakkavāḷaṃ osīditvā heṭṭhā avīcisampattaṃ viya ahosi, dakkhiṇacakkavāḷaṃ ullaṅghitvā upari bhavaggappattaṃ viya ahosi. Bodhisatto ‘‘idampi sambodhiṃ pāpuṇanaṭṭhānaṃ na bhavissati maññe’’ti padakkhiṇaṃ karonto puratthimadisābhāgaṃ gantvā pacchimābhimukho aṭṭhāsi. Puratthimadisābhāge pana sabbabuddhānaṃ pallaṅkaṭṭhānaṃ, taṃ neva chambhati, na kampati. Mahāsatto ‘‘idaṃ sabbabuddhānaṃ avijahitaṃ acalaṭṭhānaṃ kilesapañjaraviddhaṃsanaṭṭhāna’’nti ñatvā tāni tiṇāni agge gahetvā cālesi, tāvadeva cuddasahattho pallaṅko ahosi. Tānipi kho tiṇāni tathārūpena saṇṭhānena saṇṭhahiṃsu, yathārūpaṃ sukusalopi cittakāro vā potthakāro vā ālikhitumpi samattho natthi. Bodhisatto bodhikkhandhaṃ piṭṭhito katvā puratthābhimukho daḷhamānaso hutvā –
菩萨于河岸繁花茂盛无花树林间昼处休息,傍晚花落时,被天众装饰如狮以铁丝缠绕,面对菩萨观察。龙神等用天上花香礼敬,天声歌唱,十万世界同香齐放。此时,有名若提者,挑禾稼回乡,见大师端正形象,献八束禾草。菩萨携禾草上菩提树,坐于南面北向位置。此时,南方城墙犹如地狱入口,北方城墙似上升升天门,菩萨环顾四周,地广天阔,位居坚固地,仿如大轮旋转,山河庄严。菩萨感叹此处非成佛之地,转向西面北向坐下,城墙此间同样诡谲险恶。继而转向东面南坐,彼时诸佛皆安卧其床榻,床榻稳固无动。菩萨思惟:「此乃诸佛未受染污、坚固无动之地。」于数株禾草于彼端收集成堆,铺设床榻,约十四万余株。那些禾草搓合排列,严密整齐,无论书写工匠为何人均难以仿效。菩萨背靠佛身,向东坐定,坚定意志——
‘‘Kāmaṃ taco ca nhāru ca, aṭṭhi ca avasissatu;
「愿欲乐与坐具,骨骼长存无坏;
Upasussatu nissesaṃ, sarīre maṃsalohitaṃ’’.
『身体全然变为腐烂,血肉腐臭』。
Na tvevāhaṃ sammāsambodhiṃ appatvā imaṃ pallaṅkaṃ bhindissāmīti asanisatasannipātenapi abhejjarūpaṃ aparājitapallaṅkaṃ ābhujitvā nisīdi.
我绝不会在未得正自觉之前毁坏此枕垫,哪怕遭遇雷雨风暴的猛烈侵袭,也绝不会动摇而坐在这无法攻破的、坚固的枕垫上。
Tasmiṃ samaye māro devaputto ‘‘siddhatthakumāro mayhaṃ vasaṃ atikkamitukāmo, na dānissa atikkamituṃ dassāmī’’ti mārabalassa santikaṃ gantvā etamatthaṃ ārocetvā māraghosanaṃ nāma ghosāpetvā mārabalaṃ ādāya nikkhami. Sā mārasenā mārassa purato dvādasayojanā hoti, dakkhiṇato ca vāmato ca dvādasayojanā, pacchato yāva cakkavāḷapariyantaṃ katvā ṭhitā, uddhaṃ navayojanubbedhā, yassā unnadantiyā unnādasaddo yojanasahassato paṭṭhāya pathaviundriyanasaddo viya suyyati. Atha māro devaputto diyaḍḍhayojanasatikaṃ girimekhalaṃ nāma hatthiṃ abhiruhitvā bāhusahassaṃ māpetvā nānāvudhāni aggahesi. Avasesāyapi māraparisāya dve janā ekasadisaṃ āvudhaṃ na gaṇhiṃsu, nānappakāravaṇṇā nānappakāramukhā hutvā mahāsattaṃ ajjhottharamānā āgamiṃsu.
当时魔王的天子――名为悉达多的童子,因欲超过我,不愿让我超越他,看着魔军的力量走近,吹响名为魔号的号角,带着魔兵出发。那魔军前方有十二由旬,左右各有十二由旬,后延至轮回之界,向上约有九由旬之差,魔军中心传出隆隆巨响如地震,深沉如天地震动。魔王的天子骑上名为“山峦锁链”的大象,长约一百五十由旬,挥舞百臂,携带各种兵器。剩余魔军中,有两人没有携带同样兵器,而是持有多样形状多样颜色各种不同的武器,高大强壮,昂首挺胸向前而来。
Dasasahassacakkavāḷadevatā pana mahāsattassa thutiyo vadamānā aṭṭhaṃsu. Sakko devarājā vijayuttarasaṅkhaṃ dhamamāno aṭṭhāsi. So kira saṅkho vīsahatthasatiko hoti. Sakiṃ vātaṃ gāhāpetvā dhamanto cattāro māse saddaṃ karitvā nissaddo hoti. Mahākāḷanāgarājā atirekapadasatena vaṇṇaṃ vadanto aṭṭhāsi, mahābrahmā setacchattaṃ dhārayamāno aṭṭhāsi. Mārabale pana bodhimaṇḍaṃ upasaṅkamante tesaṃ ekopi ṭhātuṃ nāsakkhi, sammukhasammukhaṭṭhāneneva palāyiṃsu. Kāḷo nāgarājā pathaviyaṃ nimujjitvā pañcayojanasatikaṃ mañjerikanāgabhavanaṃ gantvā ubhohi hatthehi mukhaṃ pidahitvā nipanno. Sakko vijayuttarasaṅkhaṃ piṭṭhiyaṃ katvā cakkavāḷamukhavaṭṭiyaṃ aṭṭhāsi. Mahābrahmā setacchattaṃ cakkavāḷakoṭiyaṃ ṭhapetvā brahmalokameva agamāsi. Ekā devatāpi ṭhātuṃ samatthā nāhosi, mahāpuriso ekakova nisīdi.
约一万名环界天尊赞叹着魔军壮大。天帝萨咖吹响胜利大号角,据说此号角长度达二千手臂长。此时东风已经停止,声音持续四个月后平息。大黑龙王以超过一百步的身形高声说话;大梵天撑着白色伞盖屹立;魔王来到觉士座前,没有一个能抵挡他,见面时便逃散。黑龙王潜入地下,前往长约五百由旬的睡龙宫殿,双手捂脸而坐。萨咖吹响胜利大号角,站于环界的前环之处。大梵天撑伞树立于环界宫殿,随后进入梵天界。连一位天尊都无法对立,只是魔王独自坐下。
Māropi attano parisaṃ āha ‘‘tātā suddhodanaputtena siddhatthena sadiso añño puriso nāma natthi, mayaṃ sammukhā yuddhaṃ dātuṃ na sakkhissāma, pacchābhāgena dassāmā’’ti. Mahāpurisopi tīṇi passāni oloketvā sabbadevatānaṃ palātattā suññāni addasa. Puna uttarapassena mārabalaṃ ajjhottharamānaṃ disvā ‘‘ayaṃ ettako jano maṃ ekakaṃ sandhāya mahantaṃ vāyāmaṃ parakkamaṃ karoti, imasmiṃ ṭhāne mayhaṃ mātā vā pitā vā bhātā vā añño vā koci ñātako natthi, imā pana dasa pāramiyova mayhaṃ dīgharattaṃ puṭṭhaparijanasadisā, tasmā pāramiyova phalakaṃ katvā pāramisattheneva paharitvā ayaṃ balakāyo mayā viddhaṃsetuṃ vaṭṭatī’’ti dasa pāramiyo āvajjamāno nisīdi.
魔王对他的军队说:「与苏陀达那子悉达多相似的,没有别的人,我们不能正面对抗,后方布置防御。」那尊者目光扫视三方,看见众天尊各处空无一物。回头见魔军依旧昂首挺胸,他说:「这人召集这么多人单独奋勇作战,身边没有母亲、父亲、兄弟或亲属;然而这十种波罗蜜长久伴随我,是我长久的亲友,因此凭此波罗蜜之果守护他,这股力量足以毁灭我。」于是,十种波罗蜜出现,他坐定等待。
Atha kho māro devaputto ‘‘eteneva siddhatthaṃ palāpessāmī’’ti vātamaṇḍalaṃ samuṭṭhāpesi. Taṅkhaṇaṃyeva puratthimādibhedā vātā samuṭṭhahitvā aḍḍhayojanaekayojanadviyojanatiyojanappamāṇāni pabbatakūṭāni padāletvā vanagaccharukkhādīni ummūletvā samantā gāmanigame cuṇṇavicuṇṇaṃ kātuṃ samatthāpi mahāpurisassa puññatejena vihatānubhāvā bodhisattaṃ patvā cīvarakaṇṇamattampi cāletuṃ nāsakkhiṃsu. Tato ‘‘udakena na ajjhottharitvā māressāmī’’ti mahāvassaṃ samuṭṭhāpesi. Tassānubhāvena uparūpari satapaṭalasahassapaṭalādibhedā valāhakā uṭṭhahitvā vassiṃsu. Vuṭṭhidhārāvegena pathavī chiddā ahosi. Vanarukkhādīnaṃ uparibhāgena mahāmegho āgantvā mahāsattassa cīvare ussāvabinduṭṭhānamattampi temetuṃ nāsakkhi. Tato pāsāṇavassaṃ samuṭṭhāpesi. Mahantāni mahantāni pabbatakūṭāni dhūmāyantāni pajjalantāni ākāsenāgantvā bodhisattaṃ patvā dibbamālāguḷabhāvaṃ āpajjiṃsu. Tato paharaṇavassaṃ samuṭṭhāpesi. Ekatodhārāubhatodhārāasisattikhurappādayo dhūmāyantā pajjalantā ākāsenāgantvā bodhisattaṃ patvā dibbapupphāni ahesuṃ. Tato aṅgāravassaṃ samuṭṭhāpesi. Kiṃsukavaṇṇā aṅgārā ākāsenāgantvā bodhisattassa pādamūle dibbapupphāni hutvā vikiriṃsu. Tato kukkuḷavassaṃ samuṭṭhāpesi. Accuṇho aggivaṇṇo kukkuḷo ākāsenāgantvā bodhisattassa pādamūle dibbacandanacuṇṇaṃ hutvā nipati. Tato vālukāvassaṃ samuṭṭhāpesi. Atisukhumavālukā dhūmāyantā pajjalantā ākāsenāgantvā bodhisattassa pādamūle dibbapupphāni hutvā nipatiṃsu. Tato kalalavassaṃ samuṭṭhāpesi. Taṃ kalalaṃ dhūmāyantaṃ pajjalantaṃ ākāsenāgantvā bodhisattassa pādamūle dibbavilepanaṃ hutvā nipati. Tato ‘‘iminā bhiṃsetvā siddhatthaṃ palāpessāmī’’ti andhakāraṃ samuṭṭhāpesi. Taṃ caturaṅgasamannāgataṃ viya mahātamaṃ hutvā bodhisattaṃ patvā sūriyappabhāvihataṃ viya andhakāraṃ antaradhāyi.
这时魔王天子说:「就这么围攻悉达多吧!」风暴现出。忽然出现东南西北四方的风暴,风暴范围约为二十二由旬,撕毁山峰,吹倒森林。大勇者现身,虽有善行之力,却无法移动觉士的袈裟。随即又掀起大水浪,波涛翻涌层层似百片莲叶,冲击地面。接着又掀起大雾,遮蔽树木与天空,令觉士袈裟上的细微露珠都无法干燥。然后 又兴起石雨,堵塞高山,烟火弥漫天空,火团纷飞,降落觉士身上如遍洒天花。再兴狂风火暴,火焰烧灼觉士足下,落满神花。随后掀起炭火雨,野火奔腾,散落觉士足间的神圣檀香粉。之后是细沙雨,极细薄沙灿然如火焰,落于觉士脚下神花。然后是毒蛇雨,毒蛇如火焰般飞来飞去,落于觉士足底的神花。继而掀起黄蜂雨,黄色之蜂如火焰降落觉士足间的神花。再掀卷席沙尘暴,滚滚烟火伴随着灿烂火光,降至觉士足下神花上。最后掀起黑暗雹暴,如黑色战车般强大而压迫,遮蔽觉士,令其如被太阳光击穿的暗影消失。
Evaṃ māro imāhi navahi vātavassapāsāṇapaharaṇaaṅgārakukkuḷavālukākalalaandhakāravuṭṭhīhi bodhisattaṃ palāpetuṃ asakkonto ‘‘kiṃ bhaṇe, tiṭṭhatha, imaṃ siddhatthakumāraṃ gaṇhatha hanatha palāpethā’’ti parisaṃ āṇāpetvā sayampi girimekhalassa hatthino khandhe nisinno cakkāvudhaṃ ādāya bodhisattaṃ upasaṅkamitvā ‘‘siddhattha uṭṭhāhi etasmā pallaṅkā, nāyaṃ tuyhaṃ pāpuṇāti, mayhaṃ eva pāpuṇātī’’ti āha. Mahāsatto tassa vacanaṃ sutvā avoca – ‘‘māra, neva tayā dasa pāramiyo pūritā, na upapāramiyo, na paramatthapāramiyo, nāpi pañca mahāpariccāgā pariccattā , na ñātatthacariyā, na lokatthacariyā, na buddhicariyā pūritā, sabbā tā mayāyeva pūritā, tasmā nāyaṃ pallaṅko tuyhaṃ pāpuṇāti , mayheveso pāpuṇātī’’ti.
如是时,魔王拘留波罗,因无法用九种风雨、石击、火烧、泥淖、尘沙、扰乱、黑暗等众多苦难折磨波罗蜜多菩萨,于是对众徒弟说:“你们说,他如何?站着吧,去拿住这位波罗蜜多太子,杀之、折磨之!”说完集合众僧。我自己坐于山环旁之象肩,手执法器,前往菩萨所。对菩萨说:“波罗蜜多起来吧,此床榻非尔所能得,唯我方得此床。”菩萨听我言,答曰:“魔王,你的十种波罗蜜多尚未具足,未曾到达彼岸极致,未入究竟果地,亦未精通五大弘誓、布施、慈爱相待、利益亲族及世间之事、佛之行持皆无圆满,皆由我亲自完成。故此,此床榻非你所有,唯我方有,是以唯我能得。”
Māro kuddho kodhavegaṃ asahanto mahāpurisassa cakkāvudhaṃ vissajjesi. Taṃ tassa dasa pāramiyo āvajjentassa uparibhāge mālāvitānaṃ hutvā aṭṭhāsi. Taṃ kira khuradhāracakkāvudhaṃ aññadā tena kuddhena vissaṭṭhaṃ ekaghanapāsāṇatthambhe vaṃsakaḷīre viya chindantaṃ gacchati, idāni pana tasmiṃ mālāvitānaṃ hutvā ṭhite avasesā māraparisā ‘‘idāni pallaṅkato vuṭṭhāya palāyissatī’’ti mahantamahantāni selakūṭāni vissajjesuṃ. Tānipi mahāpurisassa dasa pāramiyo āvajjentassa mālāguḷabhāvaṃ āpajjitvā bhūmiyaṃ patiṃsu. Devatā cakkavāḷamukhavaṭṭiyaṃ ṭhitā gīvaṃ pasāretvā sīsaṃ ukkhipitvā ‘‘naṭṭho vata so siddhatthakumārassa rūpaggappatto attabhāvo, kiṃ nu kho karissatī’’ti olokenti.
魔王闻言大怒,忍受不了愤怒,摔落大人所执法器。那被其拍落的十波罗蜜多纲将,烧毁成花环。此锐利法器如斧斩破坚固巨石木柱,恰似砍断木梢,今花环已燃尽,只余余烬。魔众便说:“今此床榻将被起而逃去。”于是,他们摧毁许多巨石群。那十波罗蜜多纲,也燃烧成粉,散落于地。天人立于法轮之轴旁,伸舌露头,望着菩萨说:“波罗蜜多太子其身形影真相尚未消失,尚未旋灭,他终将作何?”
Tato mahāpuriso ‘‘pūritapāramīnaṃ bodhisattānaṃ abhisambujjhanadivase pattapallaṅko mayhaṃva pāpuṇātī’’ti vatvā ṭhitaṃ māraṃ āha – ‘‘māra tuyhaṃ dānassa dinnabhāve ko sakkhī’’ti. Māro ‘‘ime ettakā janā sakkhino’’ti mārabalābhimukhaṃ hatthaṃ pasāresi. Tasmiṃ khaṇe māraparisāya ‘‘ahaṃ sakkhī, ahaṃ sakkhī’’ti pavattasaddo pathaviundriyanasaddasadiso ahosi. Atha māro mahāpurisaṃ āha ‘‘siddhattha, tuyhaṃ dānassa dinnabhāve ko sakkhī’’ti. Mahāpuriso ‘‘tuyhaṃ tāva dānassa dinnabhāve sacetanā sakkhino, mayhaṃ pana imasmiṃ ṭhāne sacetano koci sakkhī nāma natthi, tiṭṭhatu tāva me avasesattabhāvesu dinnadānaṃ, vessantarattabhāve pana ṭhatvā mayhaṃ sattasatakamahādānassa dinnabhāve ayaṃ acetanāpi ghanamahāpathavī sakkhī’’ti cīvaragabbhantarato dakkhiṇahatthaṃ abhinīharitvā ‘‘vessantarattabhāve ṭhatvā mayhaṃ sattasatakamahādānassa dinnabhāve tvaṃ sakkhī na sakkhī’’ti mahāpathaviabhimukhaṃ hatthaṃ pasāresi. Mahāpathavī ‘‘ahaṃ te tadā sakkhī’’ti viravasatena viravasahassena viravasatasahassena mārabalaṃ avattharamānā viya unnadi.
于是大圣人言:“行满波罗蜜多之菩萨,得此成就床,今临我处。”说罢,站立邀请魔王:“魔王,你在布施时,谁为见证?”魔王伸手指示众魔力量:“这些人皆为见证。”就在此时,魔众中传出“我为见证,我为见证”的声音,如地震声般隆隆响起。随后魔王询问大圣人:“波罗蜜多你布施时,谁为见证?”大圣人回答:“你对此布施无心,无法为证,唯我在此地众生所作大布施,有意识者可为证。”以右手从衣囊中出示,指向大地说:“在世间我众所布施,有意识力量可证。你则非见证。”大地宣言:“我乃汝当时之证。”地震震动魔力甚大,隆起波动如巨浪。
Tato mahāpurise ‘‘dinnaṃ te siddhattha mahādānaṃ uttamadāna’’nti vessantaradānaṃ sammasante diyaḍḍhayojanasatiko girimekhalahatthī jaṇṇukehi pathaviyaṃ patiṭṭhāsi, māraparisā disāvidisā palāyi, dve ekamaggena gatā nāma natthi, sīsābharaṇāni ceva nivatthavatthāni ca pahāya sammukhasammukhadisāhiyeva palāyiṃsu. Tato devasaṅghā palāyamānaṃ mārabalaṃ disvā ‘‘mārassa parājayo jāto, siddhatthakumārassa jayo, jayapūjaṃ karissāmā’’ti nāgā nāgānaṃ, supaṇṇā supaṇṇānaṃ , devatā devatānaṃ, brahmāno brahmānaṃ, ugghosetvā gandhamālādihatthā mahāpurisassa santikaṃ bodhipallaṅkaṃ agamaṃsu.
于是大圣人言:“汝获波罗蜜多大布施,为至上布施。”在示骄布施后立于十五由旬高山象背之上,地设立。魔众各自逃散,四面八方离去,只有二人未去,头饰与行囊皆遗弃,面向众生走避。天神见魔力退散,说:“魔王已败,波罗蜜多太子获胜,应当敬奉献礼。”龙神、龙族、迦楼罗鸟、天神、梵天皆奋发,手持花环,前往大圣人处、菩萨之寝所,表示敬意。
Evaṃ gatesu ca pana tesu –
如是之时,诸如此类者,
‘‘Jayo hi buddhassa sirīmato ayaṃ, mārassa ca pāpimato parājayo;
“胜利者正是尊贵佛陀,魔王邪恶则必战败;
Ugghosayuṃ bodhimaṇḍe pamoditā, jayaṃ tadā nāgagaṇā mahesino.
伟大的那伽众王在菩提树下欢呼雀跃,欢欣鼓舞。
‘‘Jayo hi buddhassa sirīmato ayaṃ, mārassa ca pāpimato parājayo;
此乃尊贵世尊的胜利,亦为魔王恶人之失败。
Ugghosayuṃ bodhimaṇḍe pamoditā, supaṇṇasaṅghāpi jayaṃ mahesino.
伟大的金翅鸟群在菩提树下欢欣鼓舞,共同庆贺胜利。
‘‘Jayo hi buddhassa sirīmato ayaṃ, mārassa ca pāpimato parājayo;
此乃尊贵世尊的胜利,亦为魔王恶人之失败。
Ugghosayuṃ bodhimaṇḍe pamoditā, jayaṃ tadā devagaṇā mahesino.
伟大的天众在菩提树下欢腾欢喜,为胜利而庆贺。
‘‘Jayo hi buddhassa sirīmato ayaṃ, mārassa ca pāpimato parājayo;
此乃尊贵世尊的胜利,亦为魔王恶人之失败。
Ugghosayuṃ bodhimaṇḍe pamoditā, jayaṃ tadā brahmagaṇāpi tādino’’ti.
在菩提树下喜悦欢腾,彼时连梵众天神亦如是欢庆。
Avasesā dasasu cakkavāḷasahassesu devatā mālāgandhavilepanehi ca pūjayamānā nānappakārā thutiyo ca vadamānā aṭṭhaṃsu. Evaṃ anatthaṅgateyeva sūriye mahāpuriso mārabalaṃ vidhametvā cīvarūpari patamānehi bodhirukkhaṅkurehi rattapavāḷapallavehi viya pūjiyamāno paṭhamayāme pubbenivāsañāṇaṃ anussaritvā, majjhimayāme dibbacakkhuṃ visodhetvā, pacchimayāme paṭiccasamuppāde ñāṇaṃ otāresi. Athassa dvādasapadikaṃ paccayākāraṃ vaṭṭavivaṭṭavasena anulomapaṭilomato sammasantassa dasasahassī lokadhātu udakapariyantaṃ katvā dvādasakkhattuṃ sampakampi.
余下数万环绕世界的天众,手持花环香粉恭敬供养,多方称赞赞叹。如此,伟大人物如同太阳般无私无我,击破魔力,身披袈裟,如同枝叶繁茂的菩提树,在夜晚带露的嫩芽般受到供养。于第一刻回忆前世之识,第二刻净化天眼,第三刻洞悉缘起之智。随即展现十二因缘的相续,顺逆相应,真实适正,环绕十万世界水流之际,完成十二年轮转并圆满。
Mahāpurise pana dasasahassilokadhātuṃ unnādetvā aruṇuggamanavelāya sabbaññutaññāṇaṃ paṭivijjhante sakaladasasahassī lokadhātu alaṅkatapaṭiyattā ahosi. Pācīnacakkavāḷamukhavaṭṭiyaṃ ussāpitānaṃ dhajānaṃ paṭākānaṃ raṃsiyo pacchimacakkavāḷamukhavaṭṭiyaṃ paharanti, tathā pacchimacakkavāḷamukhavaṭṭiyaṃ ussāpitānaṃ pācīnacakkavāḷamukhavaṭṭiyaṃ, dakkhiṇacakkavāḷamukhavaṭṭiyaṃ ussāpitānaṃ uttaracakkavāḷamukhavaṭṭiyaṃ, uttaracakkavāḷamukhavaṭṭiyaṃ ussāpitānaṃ dakkhiṇacakkavāḷamukhavaṭṭiyaṃ paharanti, pathavitale ussāpitānaṃ pana dhajānaṃ paṭākānaṃ brahmalokaṃ āhacca aṭṭhaṃsu, brahmaloke baddhānaṃ pathavitale patiṭṭhahiṃsu, dasasahassacakkavāḷesu pupphūpagarukkhā pupphaṃ gaṇhiṃsu, phalūpagarukkhā phalapiṇḍībhārabharitā ahesuṃ. Khandhesu khandhapadumāni pupphiṃsu, sākhāsu sākhāpadumāni, latāsu latāpadumāni, ākāse olambakapadumāni, silātalāni bhinditvā uparūpari satta satta hutvā daṇḍakapadumāni uṭṭhahiṃsu. Dasasahassī lokadhātu vaṭṭetvā vissaṭṭhamālāguḷā viya susanthatapupphasanthāro viya ca ahosi. Cakkavāḷantaresu aṭṭhayojanasahassalokantarikā sattasūriyappabhāyapi anobhāsitapubbā ekobhāsā ahesuṃ, caturāsītiyojanasahassagambhīro mahāsamuddo madhurodako ahosi, nadiyo nappavattiṃsu, jaccandhā rūpāni passiṃsu, jātibadhirā saddaṃ suṇiṃsu, jātipīṭhasappino padasā gacchiṃsu, andubandhanādīni chijjitvā patiṃsu.
此伟人拓展十万世界,在黎明时刻洞察一切世间智慧,遍十万世界华丽庄严。已点燃东轮境界之旌旗,西轮之绳索亦加防护;西轮点燃则东轮加固,南轮燃点则北轮加护,北轮燃点则南轮防护。大地上燃飞旌旗,升入梵天,绳索系于大地;于十万轮世界采摘花朵与果实,树枝开花,藤蔓繁茂,天空挂花,岩石破裂,七七相叠而成花柱树干。十万世界如同魔杖珠链的花环,繁花簇拥。世界间有数千万里之深空,七恒星之光耀,铺天盖地。伟大深海水甘甜,河流流淌,不绝夜光与形色,盲者可现声闻音,跛者能行走,断肢脱腕者重新完整而归。
Evaṃ aparimāṇena sirivibhavena pūjiyamāno mahāpuriso anekappakāresu acchariyadhammesu pātubhūtesu sabbaññutaññāṇaṃ paṭivijjhitvā sabbabuddhānaṃ avijahitaṃ udānaṃ udānesi –
如此,以无量的福德智慧而受供养,伟人显现多重神异变化,洞察一切,为诸佛说出了无上清净的激励偈语——
‘‘Anekajātisaṃsāraṃ , sandhāvissaṃ anibbisaṃ;
“多生轮回生死,止息烦恼无尽,
Gahakāraṃ gavesanto, dukkhā jāti punappunaṃ.
寻求家业财富,却无数次生死苦中。”
‘‘Gahakāraka diṭṭhosi, puna gehaṃ na kāhasi;
『你应当以房屋的主人之眼观察,不可再离开家宅;』
Sabbā te phāsukā bhaggā, gahakūṭaṃ visaṅkhataṃ;
『你所有的竹床席垫、房屋尘垢,都毁坏于家宅顶部;』
Visaṅkhāragataṃ cittaṃ, taṇhānaṃ khayamajjhagā’’ti. (dha. pa. 153-154);
『心离诸破坏而洁净于诸渴爱,此即渴爱灭止之道』。 (出自《增支部谈话篇》153-154)
Iti tusitapurato paṭṭhāya yāva ayaṃ bodhimaṇḍe sabbaññutappatti, ettakaṃ ṭhānaṃ avidūrenidānaṃ nāmāti veditabbaṃ.
于是从忉利天前端远观,直至此觉台之处,遍具圆满成就,此等境地不可遥远,即当如是了知。
Avidūrenidānakathā niṭṭhitā. · 不远因缘故事已毕。
3. Santikenidānakathā三、近因缘故事
‘‘Santikenidānaṃ pana ‘bhagavā sāvatthiyaṃ viharati jetavane anāthapiṇḍikassa ārāme. Vesāliyaṃ viharati mahāvane kūṭāgārasālāya’nti evaṃ tesu tesu ṭhānesu viharato tasmiṃ tasmiṃ ṭhāneyeva labbhatī’’ti vuttaṃ. Kiñcāpi evaṃ vuttaṃ, atha kho pana tampi ādito paṭṭhāya evaṃ veditabbaṃ – udānaṃ udānetvā jayapallaṅke nisinnassa hi bhagavato etadahosi ‘‘ahaṃ kappasatasahassādhikāni cattāri asaṅkhyeyyāni imassa pallaṅkassa kāraṇā sandhāviṃ, ettakaṃ me kālaṃ imasseva pallaṅkassa kāraṇā alaṅkatasīsaṃ gīvāya chinditvā dinnaṃ, suañjitāni akkhīni hadayamaṃsañca ubbaṭṭetvā dinnaṃ, jālīkumārasadisā puttā kaṇhājinakumārisadisā dhītaro maddīdevisadisā bhariyāyo ca paresaṃ dāsatthāya dinnā, ayaṃ me pallaṅko jayapallaṅko varapallaṅko ca. Ettha me nisinnassa saṅkappā paripuṇṇā, na tāva ito uṭṭhahissāmī’’ti anekakoṭisatasahassā samāpattiyo samāpajjanto sattāhaṃ tattheva nisīdi. Yaṃ sandhāya vuttaṃ ‘‘atha kho bhagavā sattāhaṃ ekapallaṅkena nisīdi vimuttisukhapaṭisaṃvedī’’ti (udā. 1; mahāva. 1).
『然而于近处,应当知“世尊住于沙伐特迦耶之拘诃罗林园阿难乞身林;于韦萨离之大林,住于楼阁殿中”——如是,在诸处所,世尊居住处即得现前。』如是所说。又有更进一步之说,观其缘起,于胜利床上坐时,世尊心念云:『我已历劫千百,上无量无数,如今在此床上,是我所依之处。我用此床为因,割断披挂于颈之华,奉献双眼、心肝,灵魂究竟得到升华,迦梨库马罗与阿波金纳之子女、众多妻妾,皆供他人。此床即名为胜利床、尊贵之床。于此我心充盈满足,暂且无意离去。』广大众多无数众生受此感召来临,七日久坐不移。因成就此义,有言『世尊七日安坐一床,感应解脱之乐』。 (《犊子经·犊子一》、《大本经·一)
Atha ekaccānaṃ devatānaṃ ‘‘ajjāpi nūna siddhatthassa kattabbakiccaṃ atthi, pallaṅkasmiñhi ālayaṃ na vijahatī’’ti parivitakko udapādi. Satthā devatānaṃ parivitakkaṃ ñatvā tāsaṃ vitakkavūpasamanatthaṃ vehāsaṃ abbhuggantvā yamakapāṭihāriyaṃ dassesi. Mahābodhimaṇḍasmiñhi katapāṭihāriyañca, ñātisamāgame katapāṭihāriyañca, pāthikaputtasamāgame katapāṭihāriyañca, sabbaṃ kaṇḍambarukkhamūle yamakapāṭihāriyasadisaṃ ahosi.
某时,诸天众中有一环绕他者心生怀疑:『今日必有世尊须做之事,岂可供养之床舍未化除!』知此诸天环绕心念,佛为安抚其心示现轮转神迹。于大觉台显异迹,于亲族聚会显异迹,于布施子弟聚会显异迹,悉如铁树树根下之双重神迹,绝无异于此者。
Evaṃ satthā iminā pāṭihāriyena devatānaṃ vitakkaṃ vūpasametvā pallaṅkato īsakaṃ pācīnanissite uttaradisābhāge ṭhatvā ‘‘imasmiṃ vata me pallaṅke sabbaññutaññāṇaṃ paṭividdha’’nti cattāri asaṅkhyeyyāni kappasatasahassañca pūritānaṃ pāramīnaṃ phalādhigamaṭṭhānaṃ pallaṅkaṃ bodhirukkhañca animisehi akkhīhi olokayamāno sattāhaṃ vītināmesi, taṃ ṭhānaṃ animisacetiyaṃ nāma jātaṃ. Atha pallaṅkassa ca ṭhitaṭṭhānassa ca antarā caṅkamaṃ māpetvā puratthimapacchimato āyate ratanacaṅkame caṅkamanto sattāhaṃ vītināmesi, taṃ ṭhānaṃ ratanacaṅkamacetiyaṃ nāma jātaṃ.
如是,师长以此神通力,令天众的思虑止息,于床上东方靠墙立起杆子,言:「在此床上,我具足了悉知一切的智慧。」此时有四个无量无边的劫与数以千万计的波罗蜜果成就的场所,床及觉树以清净无瑕的眼观察了七周,破除污秽,此处被称为无瑕之地。继而不使床上及床间有来回走动,朝西向东沿时间的宝石环行走动,七周而净,此处名为宝石环地。
Catutthe pana sattāhe bodhito pacchimuttaradisābhāge devatā ratanagharaṃ māpayiṃsu, tattha pallaṅkena nisīditvā abhidhammapiṭakaṃ visesato cettha anantanayaṃ samantapaṭṭhānaṃ vicinanto sattāhaṃ vītināmesi. Ābhidhammikā panāhu ‘‘ratanagharaṃ nāma na sattaratanamayaṃ gehaṃ, sattannaṃ pana pakaraṇānaṃ sammasitaṭṭhānaṃ ‘ratanaghara’nti vuccatī’’ti. Yasmā panettha ubhopete pariyāyā yujjanti, tasmā ubhayampetaṃ gahetabbameva. Tato paṭṭhāya pana taṃ ṭhānaṃ ratanagharacetiyaṃ nāma jātaṃ. Evaṃ bodhisamīpeyeva cattāri sattāhāni vītināmetvā pañcame sattāhe bodhirukkhamūlā yena ajapālanigrodho tenupasaṅkami, tatrāpi dhammaṃ vicinantoyeva vimuttisukhaṃ paṭisaṃvedento nisīdi.
第四周时,觉知于西北方的天神们筑起宝石之宫,坐于床上详察阿毗达摩藏,经行遍考诸法层次七周以致清净。阿毗达摩者称:「宝石宫非七宝之屋,而是七种器具的安置处名为宝石宫。」因二义相争,应二者皆纳。如此安置后,此地名为宝石宫地。就此觉边修习四个七周,于第五个七周时由觉树根下之无花果树来到,坐而观法,并体会所证觉悟之乐。
Tasmiṃ samaye māro devaputto ‘‘ettakaṃ kālaṃ anubandhanto otārāpekkhopi imassa na kiñci khalitaṃ addasaṃ, atikkantodāni esa mama vasa’’nti domanassappatto mahāmagge nisīditvā soḷasa kāraṇāni cintento bhūmiyaṃ soḷasa lekhā kaḍḍhi – ‘‘ahaṃ eso viya dānapāramiṃ na pūresiṃ, tenamhi iminā sadiso na jāto’’ti ekaṃ lekhaṃ kaḍḍhi. Tathā ‘‘ahaṃ eso viya sīlapāramiṃ, nekkhammapāramiṃ, paññāpāramiṃ, vīriyapāramiṃ, khantipāramiṃ, saccapāramiṃ, adhiṭṭhānapāramiṃ, mettāpāramiṃ, upekkhāpāramiṃ na pūresiṃ , tenamhi iminā sadiso na jāto’’ti dasamaṃ lekhaṃ kaḍḍhi. Tathā ‘‘ahaṃ eso viya asādhāraṇassa indriyaparopariyattañāṇassa paṭivedhāya upanissayabhūtā dasa pāramiyo na pūresiṃ, tenamhi iminā sadiso na jāto’’ti ekādasamaṃ lekhaṃ kaḍḍhi. Tathā ‘‘ahaṃ eso viya asādhāraṇassa āsayānusayañāṇassa, mahākaruṇāsamāpattiñāṇassa, yamakapāṭihīrañāṇassa, anāvaraṇañāṇassa, sabbaññutaññāṇassa paṭivedhāya upanissayabhūtā dasa pāramiyo na pūresiṃ, tenamhi iminā sadiso na jāto’’ti soḷasamaṃ lekhaṃ kaḍḍhi. Evaṃ imehi kāraṇehi mahāmagge soḷasa lekhā kaḍḍhamāno nisīdi.
彼时魔王天子言:「于此时间长久等待,虽多病痛,未见此人有所为,超越时已此乃我势力。」悲伤起坐于大道,思索十六因缘于地,以笔画十六记:「我未满布罗蜜,故没生此般相。」又画十符,云:「我未满持戒、出离、慧、勇、忍、实、定、精、慈、舍波罗蜜,故不似此人。」复画十一符,云:「我未满异常根藏等能入者十波罗蜜,故不似此人。」又画十六符,言:「我未满异常烦恼体、宏大慈悲法显、二量障断智、无漏智、全知智之十波罗蜜,故不似之。」以此十六记于大道坐而计思。
Tasmiṃ samaye taṇhā, arati, ragāti tisso māradhītaro ‘‘pitā no na paññāyati, kahaṃ nu kho etarahī’’ti olokayamānā taṃ domanassappattaṃ bhūmiṃ vilekhamānaṃ nisinnaṃ disvā pitu santikaṃ gantvā ‘‘kasmā, tāta, dukkhī dummano’’ti pucchiṃsu. Ammā, ayaṃ mahāsamaṇo mayhaṃ vasaṃ atikkanto, ettakaṃ kālaṃ olokento otāramassa daṭṭhuṃ nāsakkhiṃ, tenāhaṃ dukkhī dummanoti. Yadi evaṃ mā cintayittha, mayametaṃ attano vase katvā ādāya āgamissāmāti. Na sakkā, ammā, eso kenaci vase kātuṃ, acalāya saddhāya patiṭṭhito eso purisoti. ‘‘Tāta mayaṃ itthiyo nāma idāneva naṃ rāgapāsādīhi bandhitvā ānessāma, tumhe mā cintayitthā’’ti bhagavantaṃ upasaṅkamitvā ‘‘pāde te samaṇa paricāremā’’ti āhaṃsu. Bhagavā va tāsaṃ vacanaṃ manasi akāsi, na akkhīni ummīletvā olokesi, anuttare upadhisaṅkhaye vimuttamānaso vivekasukhaññeva anubhavanto nisīdi.
彼时三魔传子大苦叹言:「我父迷惑不知,彼在何处?」望着悲苦的地画者,往亲父前问:「父亲,何故忧郁恼怒?」答曰:「此大沙门超越我,久观苦痛之下现今,我视之未生,他若如是忧虑,将身带离我处去。我无能为力,因彼人坚定信心不可动摇。」父曰:「我等女子将现今被其爱欲锁缚,汝勿忧虑。」后佛来至,父母请觐并说:「护持大沙门。」世尊思惟不睁目察视,证得无上断结定境安乐而安坐。
Puna māradhītaro ‘‘uccāvacā kho purisānaṃ adhippāyā, kesañci kumārikāsu pemaṃ hoti, kesañci paṭhamavaye ṭhitāsu, kesañci majjhimavaye ṭhitāsu, yaṃnūna mayaṃ nānappakārehi rūpehi palobheyyāmā’’ti ekamekā kumārivaṇṇādivasena sataṃ sataṃ attabhāve abhinimminitvā kumāriyo, avijātā, sakiṃvijātā, duvijātā, majjhimitthiyo, mahitthiyo ca hutvā chakkhattuṃ bhagavantaṃ upasaṅkamitvā ‘‘pāde te samaṇa paricāremā’’ti āhaṃsu. Tampi bhagavā na manasākāsi, yathā taṃ anuttare upadhisaṅkhayeva vimutto. Keci panācariyā vadanti ‘‘tā mahitthibhāvena upagatā disvā bhagavā ‘evamevaṃ etā khaṇḍadantā palitakesā hontū’ti adhiṭṭhāsī’’ti, taṃ na gahetabbaṃ. Na hi satthā evarūpaṃ adhiṭṭhānaṃ karoti. Bhagavā pana ‘‘apetha tumhe, kiṃ disvā evaṃ vāyamatha, evarūpaṃ nāma avītarāgādīnaṃ purato kātuṃ yuttaṃ, tathāgatassa pana rāgo pahīno, doso pahīno, moho pahīno’’ti attano kilesappahānaṃ ārabbha –
再有魔传子言:「男子意语之必备,或有少女恋爱初妍、中妍或老妍,我们或欲迷惑以异相变化诱惑。」于是变现形色各异少女或未生、同族、异族,或男或女,往至佛前说:「护持沙门。」彼佛不悦意,如无上断结已得自由。有人言:「见他威猛形貌,谓佛立定‘应为此等疮齿鬣发貌’此念不可取,师长不作此意。」世尊言:「汝等当在,见此而作此想乃宜。此乃无贪等前所作事,诸如来已断贪、瞋、痴,离垢净腹心。」于是自烦恼断起。
‘‘Yassa jitaṃ nāvajīyati, jitamassa noyāti koci loke;
「凡得胜者,众中无人能敌;
Taṃ buddhamanantagocaraṃ, apadaṃ kena padena nessatha.
那是无边无际难以到达的佛境界,应当以何等足迹方能抵达?
‘‘Yassa jālinī visattikā, taṇhā natthi kuhiñci netave;
「其欲网错综复杂,渴爱不在何处可导引;
Taṃ buddhamanantagocaraṃ, apadaṃ kena padena nessathā’’ti. (dha. pa. 179-180) –
吾等当欲超越这无边无际的佛境界,应当以何种足迹能至彼岸?」这是《法句经》第179至180偈的正理。
Imā dhammapade buddhavagge dve gāthā vadanto dhammaṃ kathesi. Tā ‘‘saccaṃ kira no pitā avoca, arahaṃ sugato loke na rāgena suvānayo’’tiādīni vatvā pitu santikaṃ agamaṃsu.
此处法句卷内有两句偈颂,讲说佛法。乃谓:『真理的确由我父亲宣说,彼阿拉汉、善逝者于世间无有憍傲之心』等语,讲说后到达父亲所在之地。
Bhagavāpi tattha sattāhaṃ vītināmetvā mucalindamūlaṃ agamāsi. Tattha sattāhavaddalikāya uppannāya sītādipaṭibāhanatthaṃ mucalindena nāgarājena sattakkhattuṃ bhogehi parikkhitto asambādhāya gandhakuṭiyaṃ viharanto viya vimuttisukhaṃ paṭisaṃvediyamāno sattāhaṃ vītināmetvā rājāyatanaṃ upasaṅkami, tatthāpi vimuttisukhaṃ paṭisaṃvediyamānoyeva nisīdi. Ettāvatā satta sattāhāni paripuṇṇāni. Etthantare neva mukhadhovanaṃ, na sarīrapaṭijagganaṃ, na āhārakiccaṃ ahosi, jhānasukhaphalasukheneva vītināmesi.
世尊亦于彼处,止七日之久,修习禅定。其时,自热风至寒风相继交替之际,无垢王摩诃辽龙王于花园中,以七十二宝等饰围绕,无拘无碍地于香阁中,体验涅槃安乐,修习了法七日。王应时踊跃至临,亦在那里观知涅槃悦乐,随着坐定。七个七日已满。期间无洗面,无身体照顾,无饮食进补,唯以禅定之乐与禅果之乐作食。
Athassa tasmiṃ sattasattāhamatthake ekūnapaññāsatime divase tattha nisinnassa ‘‘mukhaṃ dhovissāmī’’ti cittaṃ udapādi. Sakko devānamindo agadaharīṭakaṃ āharitvā adāsi, satthā taṃ paribhuñji, tenassa sarīravaḷañjaṃ ahosi. Athassa sakkoyeva nāgalatādantakaṭṭhañceva mukhadhovanaudakañca adāsi. Satthā taṃ dantakaṭṭhaṃ khāditvā anotattadahodakena mukhaṃ dhovitvā tattheva rājāyatanamūle nisīdi.
当初七七日修习将满五十九天的那一天,临坐处心念生起「应当洗面」之念。萨咖天帝以请求者之姿,呈献净水,使世尊洗面,令其身辛然爽净。当时萨咖天帝又呈献龙牙刷、牙刷水用于洗面。世尊以牙刷刷刮,洗净口面,继而仍坐于王舍城彼处。
Tasmiṃ samaye tapussabhallikā nāma dve vāṇijā pañcahi sakaṭasatehi ukkalājanapadā majjhimadesaṃ gacchantā attano ñātisālohitāya devatāya sakaṭāni sannirumbhitvā satthu āhārasampādane ussāhitā manthañca madhupiṇḍikañca ādāya ‘‘paṭiggaṇhātu no, bhante, bhagavā imaṃ āhāraṃ anukampaṃ upādāyā’’ti satthāraṃ upasaṅkamitvā aṭṭhaṃsu. Bhagavā pāyāsapaṭiggahaṇadivaseyeva pattassa antarahitattā ‘‘na kho tathāgatā hatthesu paṭiggaṇhanti, kimhi nu kho ahaṃ paṭiggaṇheyya’’nti cintesi. Athassa cittaṃ ñatvā catūhi disāhi cattāro mahārājāno indanīlamaṇimaye patte upanāmesuṃ, bhagavā te paṭikkhipi. Puna muggavaṇṇaselamaye cattāro patte upanāmesuṃ. Bhagavā catunnampi devaputtānaṃ anukampāya cattāropi patte paṭiggahetvā uparūpari ṭhapetvā ‘‘eko hotū’’ti adhiṭṭhāsi, cattāropi mukhavaṭṭiyaṃ paññāyamānalekhā hutvā majjhimena pamāṇena ekattaṃ upagamiṃsu. Bhagavā tasmiṃ paccagghe selamaye patte āhāraṃ paṭiggaṇhitvā paribhuñjitvā anumodanaṃ akāsi. Dve bhātaro vāṇijā buddhañca dhammañca saraṇaṃ gantvā dvevācikā upāsakā ahesuṃ. Atha nesaṃ ‘‘ekaṃ no, bhante, paricaritabbaṭṭhānaṃ dethā’’ti vadantānaṃ dakkhiṇahatthena attano sīsaṃ parāmasitvā kesadhātuyo adāsi. Te attano nagare tā dhātuyo suvaṇṇasamuggassa anto pakkhipitvā cetiyaṃ patiṭṭhāpesuṃ.
当时,有名为塔普萨巴利迦的两位行商,带着五百辆车辗转于乌迦拉族的中部地区。他们为了自己亲属赤身礼拜的护佑神,驱使车马,于世尊所处处所恭敬供养食物,热忱地打理水果与蜂蜜饭,恳请说:「世尊,请您慈悲,接受这供养的食物。」他们携着供品来到世尊面前。世尊于接受粥的那一天,以无人前在手中接受的庄严,思维道:「如来不从他手里接受食物,我怎能接受呢?」知其心意后,世尊观四方,见四方有四位大国王,位于璀璨宝座之上,便以手示意他俩将其回避。又于铜锭色的宝座旁置放四位天子之座,世尊心念:「应当使一体。」便将四座置于重叠,并在四座上方加置遮盖,形成统一中层。世尊于此接受供养,享用后赞叹。此两兄弟行商皈依佛法,成为双语的近事男性。彼时他们恭敬地说:「世尊,应为我们定一供养的地方。」便用右手按肩,献上头发舍利。他们于自身所在城,将此舍利撒于黄金盛会之地,安置为塔庙供奉。
Sammāsambuddhopi kho tato uṭṭhāya puna ajapālanigrodhameva gantvā nigrodhamūle nisīdi. Athassa tattha nisinnamattasseva attanā adhigatassa dhammassa gambhīrataṃ paccavekkhantassa sabbabuddhānaṃ āciṇṇo ‘‘adhigato kho myāyaṃ dhammo’’ti paresaṃ dhammaṃ adesetukamyatākārapavatto vitakko udapādi. Atha brahmā sahampati ‘‘nassati vata bho loko, vinassati vata bho loko’’ti dasahi cakkavāḷasahassehi sakkasuyāmasantusitasunimmitavasavattimahābrahmāno ādāya satthu santikaṃ gantvā ‘‘desetu, bhante, bhagavā dhamma’’ntiādinā nayena dhammadesanaṃ āyāci.
正觉者随即起身,再往阿桂树所在处,坐于树根下。坐定后,专注细察自己所得之法的深奥性,深知此法为历代诸佛教法,心中生起意愿,要为他人宣讲。此时,梵天舍汉帕提或言:「世间必将灭亡,必定消失。」携领拥有千万轮回及大梵天之力者,来到世尊前,恭敬请托:「世尊,请开示佛法。」
Satthā tassa paṭiññaṃ datvā ‘‘kassa nu kho ahaṃ paṭhamaṃ dhammaṃ deseyya’’nti cintento ‘‘āḷāro paṇḍito, so imaṃ dhammaṃ khippaṃ ājānissatī’’ti cittaṃ uppādetvā puna olokento tassa sattāhakālakatabhāvaṃ ñatvā udakaṃ āvajjesi. Tassāpi abhidosakālakatabhāvaṃ ñatvā ‘‘bahūpakārā kho me pañcavaggiyā bhikkhū’’ti pañcavaggiye ārabbha manasikāraṃ katvā ‘‘kahaṃ nu kho te etarahi viharantī’’ti āvajjento ‘‘bārāṇasiyaṃ isipatane migadāye’’ti ñatvā ‘‘tattha gantvā dhammacakkaṃ pavattessāmī’’ti katipāhaṃ bodhimaṇḍasāmantāyeva piṇḍāya caranto viharitvā āsāḷhipuṇṇamāsiyaṃ ‘‘bārāṇasiṃ gamissāmī’’ti cātuddasiyaṃ paccūsasamaye vibhātāya rattiyā kālasseva pattacīvaramādāya aṭṭhārasayojanamaggaṃ paṭipanno antarāmagge upakaṃ nāma ājīvakaṃ disvā tassa attano buddhabhāvaṃ ācikkhitvā taṃ divasaṃyeva sāyanhasamaye isipatanaṃ agamāsi.
世尊应允后,思忖「谁应先说法?」起念「阿啦罗长老精明,乃速悟此法。」重新观察阿啦罗已入七十岁之年,生理机能衰弱,便召请之,示现水。又知阿啦罗同伴年事状况,便向五众比库说明:「五众比库多有护法功德。」知其住处后遣邀其等,答曰:「他们现今住巴拉那西仙人堕处麋鹿苑。」立志说:「往彼转法轮。」数日,在觉林周边托钵化缘,至巴拉那西十五天已现,夜时结束,带衣持钵,行八十八由旬之道,入中林时,见一名名阿惰迦的业人。此业人识别世尊之相貌,当时晚间即至仙人堕处。
Pañcavaggiyā therā tathāgataṃ dūratova āgacchantaṃ disvā ‘‘ayaṃ āvuso samaṇo gotamo paccayabāhullāya āvattitvā paripuṇṇakāyo pīṇindriyo suvaṇṇavaṇṇo hutvā āgacchati, imassa abhivādanādīni na karissāma, mahākulapasuto kho panesa āsanābhihāraṃ arahati, tenassa āsanamattaṃ paññāpessāmā’’ti katikaṃ akaṃsu. Bhagavā sadevakassa lokassa cittācāraṃ jānanasamatthena ñāṇena ‘‘kiṃ nu kho ime cintayiṃsū’’ti āvajjetvā cittaṃ aññāsi. Atha ne sabbadevamanussesu anodissakavasena pharaṇasamatthaṃ mettacittaṃ saṅkhipitvā odissakavasena mettacittena phari. Te bhagavatā mettacittena phuṭṭhā tathāgate upasaṅkamante sakāya katikāya saṇṭhātuṃ asakkontā abhivādanapaccuṭṭhānādīni sabbakiccāni akaṃsu, sammāsambuddhabhāvaṃ panassa ajānamānā kevalaṃ nāmena ca āvusovādena ca samudācaranti.
五众长老见世尊远来,议论曰:「此比库果德玛因业缘缠绕,至此身满,生机微弱而神通深湛,身色如金,现行而来。我们不作顶礼,但应表示敬意,容许其坐位。」世尊心知诸天人心念后,观知其意,集聚天人感应与慈心。彼时,天人因佛之慈悲心,感动一心,聚集于佛侧。众所供养,比库等虽不能以身相顶礼,却满行礼敬应对所应行之事,许多者虽不知正觉佛之高德,惟称名赞礼,以敬敬佛。
Atha ne bhagavā ‘‘mā vo, bhikkhave, tathāgataṃ nāmena ca āvusovādena ca samudācaratha, arahaṃ, bhikkhave, tathāgato sammāsambuddho’’ti attano buddhabhāvaṃ saññāpetvā paññatte varabuddhāsane nisinno uttarāsāḷhanakkhattayoge vattamāne aṭṭhārasahi brahmakoṭīhi parivuto pañcavaggiye there āmantetvā dhammacakkappavattanasuttantaṃ desesi. Tesu aññāsikoṇḍaññatthero desanānusārena ñāṇaṃ pesento suttapariyosāne aṭṭhārasahi brahmakoṭīhi saddhiṃ sotāpattiphale patiṭṭhāsi. Satthā tattheva vassaṃ upagantvā punadivase vappattheraṃ ovadanto vihāreyeva nisīdi, sesā cattāro piṇḍāya cariṃsu. Vappatthero pubbaṇheyeva sotāpattiphalaṃ pāpuṇi. Eteneva upāyena punadivase bhaddiyattheraṃ, punadivase mahānāmattheraṃ, punadivase assajittheranti sabbe sotāpattiphale patiṭṭhāpetvā pañcamiyaṃ pakkhassa pañcapi jane sannipātetvā anattalakkhaṇasuttantaṃ (saṃ. ni. 3.59; mahāva. 20 ādayo) desesi. Desanāpariyosāne pañcapi therā arahattaphale patiṭṭhahiṃsu. Atha satthā yasakulaputtassa upanissayaṃ disvā taṃ rattibhāge nibbijjitvā gehaṃ pahāya nikkhantaṃ ‘‘ehi yasā’’ti pakkositvā tasmiṃyeva rattibhāge sotāpattiphale, punadivase arahatte patiṭṭhāpetvā, aparepi tassa sahāyake catupaṇṇāsa jane ehibhikkhupabbajjāya pabbājetvā arahattaṃ pāpesi.
时世尊言:「比库们,不应以名号称呼如来,应敬奉于尊者境界,正觉如来阿拉汉。」显示真佛身份,坐于著名「最佳宝座」,北方三十八亿诸天环绕。五众长老受教,传法后,依教修行,于佛经末皆得初果。世尊于当年雨季来临,再次嘱咐瓦巴长老,后者共五众遍行托钵。瓦巴长老清晨得初果。以此法门,后日对长老佛法苏醒传授,五众长老悉皆得初果。后来,世尊觉察夜间野狐童子依缘起身受涅槃功德,当夜舍家出家,翌日得初果,四十五名随侍比库亦以出家修行得阿拉汉果。
Evaṃ loke ekasaṭṭhiyā arahantesu jātesu satthā vutthavasso pavāretvā ‘‘caratha, bhikkhave, cārika’’nti saṭṭhi bhikkhū disāsu pesetvā sayaṃ uruvelaṃ gacchanto antarāmagge kappāsikavanasaṇḍe tiṃsa jane bhaddavaggiyakumāre vinesi. Tesu sabbapacchimako sotāpanno, sabbuttamo anāgāmī ahosi. Tepi sabbe ehibhikkhubhāveneva pabbājetvā disāsu pesetvā uruvelaṃ gantvā aḍḍhuḍḍhāni pāṭihāriyasahassāni dassetvā uruvelakassapādayo sahassajaṭilaparivāre tebhātikajaṭile vinetvā ehibhikkhubhāveneva pabbājetvā gayāsīse nisīdāpetvā ādittapariyāyadesanāya (mahāva. 54) arahatte patiṭṭhāpetvā tena arahantasahassena parivuto ‘‘bimbisārarañño dinnaṃ paṭiññaṃ mocessāmī’’ti rājagahaṃ gantvā nagarūpacāre laṭṭhivanuyyānaṃ agamāsi. Rājā uyyānapālassa santikā ‘‘satthā āgato’’ti sutvā dvādasanahutehi brāhmaṇagahapatikehi parivuto satthāraṃ upasaṅkamitvā cakkavicittatalesu suvaṇṇapaṭṭavitānaṃ viya pabhāsamudayaṃ vissajjantesu tathāgatassa pādesu sirasā nipatitvā ekamantaṃ nisīdi saddhiṃ parisāya.
如此世界仅有六十余阿拉汉,道场开设,嘱托道行:「行住比库们,行脚吧。」六十比库东向集会,自往乌鲁维利行至棕树林队中,有三十名贤良的五众比库尼受戒出家。全体中,西方最先得初果,最高位者成无余。三者均从此处出家,行脚示现三千神迹神通。与乌鲁维利一千名有结缕的比库尼共行,后坐于迦耶山脚,宣说生死灭尽教法。设立阿拉罕教团后,携众出王舍城,经过木林园,皇侍园守见佛降临消息,召集十一位婆罗门长者,环绕佛,座于宝座若金光般辉煌处,佛俯首置于地,一隅坐下,众随奉迎。
Atha kho tesaṃ brāhmaṇagahapatikānaṃ etadahosi ‘‘kiṃ nu kho mahāsamaṇo uruvelakassape brahmacariyaṃ carati, udāhu uruvelakassapo mahāsamaṇe’’ti. Bhagavā tesaṃ cetasā cetoparivitakkamaññāya theraṃ gāthāya ajjhabhāsi –
时,那些婆罗门家主心想:「这伟大的沙门究竟如何修行呢?正所谓‘伟大的沙门迦萨巴在乌鲁维罗城修行’。」世尊了知他们心念反复,便以长老之诗答言:
‘‘Kimeva disvā uruvelavāsi, pahāsi aggiṃ kisako vadāno;
「既见乌鲁维罗之人,弃绝了烈火,此为何意?谁人曾言?
Pucchāmi taṃ kassapa etamatthaṃ, kathaṃ pahīnaṃ tava aggihutta’’nti. (mahāva. 55);
我问迦萨巴此意,汝何以弃绝前焰?」(出自《大长部》55偈)
Theropi bhagavato adhippāyaṃ viditvā –
长老亦知世尊此意,答言:
‘‘Rūpe ca sadde ca atho rase ca, kāmitthiyo cābhivadanti yaññā;
「色声嗅味以及触缘,皆如祭事之所供,
Etaṃ malanti upadhīsu ñatvā, tasmā na yiṭṭhe na hute arañji’’nti. (mahāva. 55) –
知其为烦恼之根,本故不喜不住于森林。」(出自《大长部》55偈)
Imaṃ gāthaṃ vatvā attano sāvakabhāvapakāsanatthaṃ tathāgatassa pādapiṭṭhe sīsaṃ ṭhapetvā ‘‘satthā me, bhante, bhagavā, sāvakohamasmī’’ti vatvā ekatālaṃ dvitālaṃ titālanti yāva sattatālappamāṇaṃ sattakkhattuṃ vehāsaṃ abbhuggantvā oruyha tathāgataṃ vanditvā ekamantaṃ nisīdi. Taṃ pāṭihāriyaṃ disvā mahājano ‘‘aho mahānubhāvā buddhā, evaṃ thāmagatadiṭṭhiko nāma ‘arahā’ti maññamāno uruvelakassapopi diṭṭhijālaṃ bhinditvā tathāgatena damito’’ti satthu guṇakathaṃyeva kathesi. Bhagavā ‘‘nāhaṃ idāniyeva uruvelakassapaṃ damemi, atītepi esa mayā damitoyevā’’ti vatvā imissā aṭṭhuppattiyā mahānāradakassapajātakaṃ (jā. 2.22.545 ādayo) kathetvā cattāri saccāni pakāsesi. Magadharājā ekādasahi nahutehi saddhiṃ sotāpattiphale patiṭṭhāsi, ekaṃ nahutaṃ upāsakattaṃ paṭivedesi. Rājā satthu santike nisinnoyeva pañca assāsake pavedetvā saraṇaṃ gantvā svātanāya nimantetvā āsanā vuṭṭhāya bhagavantaṃ padakkhiṇaṃ katvā pakkāmi.
说道这偈颂,为自己显明作为弟子的身分时,在如来脚垫上垫放头颅,说:『尊师啊,世尊,我是弟子』。说毕,合掌击掌,一连击了七掌,深深作礼于坐着的如来后,独自归座。众人见此神异,众大德赞叹说:『啊,伟大的诸佛,就以此如来聖法之见,名为「阿拉汉」。连乌鲁维耶卡萨巴也因如此破除种种见惑,被如来所制伏。』世尊告言:『我决非现在才制伏乌鲁维耶卡萨巴,过去也曾令其受制。』于是讲述这八八起因故事,讲说大那罗陀迦萨巴本生经,显扬四圣谛。摩揭陀国王与十一位大臣一同坚立得果之初禅,向其中一臣通达居士果。王坐于师前,即向五位臣子宣说教诲,随后前去拜礼世尊一周,站立起来。
Punadivase yehi ca bhagavā diṭṭho, yehi ca adiṭṭho, sabbepi rājagahavāsino aṭṭhārasakoṭisaṅkhā manussā tathāgataṃ daṭṭhukāmā pātova rājagahato laṭṭhivanuyyānaṃ agamaṃsu. Tigāvuto maggo nappahosi, sakalalaṭṭhivanuyyānaṃ nirantaraṃ phuṭaṃ ahosi. Mahājano dasabalassa rūpasobhaggappattaṃ attabhāvaṃ passanto tittiṃ kātuṃ nāsakkhi. Vaṇṇabhūmi nāmesā. Evarūpesu hi ṭhānesu tathāgatassa lakkhaṇānubyañjanādippabhedā sabbāpi rūpakāyasirī vaṇṇetabbā. Evaṃ rūpasobhaggappattaṃ dasabalassa sarīraṃ passamānena mahājanena nirantaraṃ phuṭe uyyāne ca magge ca ekabhikkhussapi nikkhamanokāso nāhosi. Taṃ divasaṃ kira bhagavā chinnabhatto bhaveyya, taṃ mā ahosīti sakkassa nisinnāsanaṃ uṇhākāraṃ dassesi. So āvajjamāno taṃ kāraṇaṃ ñatvā māṇavakavaṇṇaṃ abhinimminitvā buddhadhammasaṅghapaṭisaṃyuttā thutiyo vadamāno dasabalassa purato otaritvā devatānubhāvena okāsaṃ katvā –
翌日,见到和未见到世尊的,以及所有王舍城住众十八亿人类,想要亲眼目睹如来,便从王舍城进入林野园林追寻。三年道路尚未通畅,整个园林径路持续被阻断。众大德见十人力量汇聚产生殊胜显现,心想不能满足观察。名为玄彩地。此类场所中,因有如来殊胜特征及细微标记差异,皆应以色体显现加以辨别。如是观照得十人力量所显身相之形体,众大德持续争辩,连一比库外出之机缘也未有。此日世尊别断苦痛,非当成苦痛,欲避其累,乃显露萨咖坐席懈怠样态。知此因故,由童子容颜变化,赞叹佛法僧,向十人力量前引下,借天神加持开阔通路——
‘‘Danto dantehi saha purāṇajaṭilehi, vippamutto vippamuttehi;
『自古以来,牙齿相合如同古老丛林,随脱落而脱落;
Siṅgīnikkhasavaṇṇo, rājagahaṃ pāvisi bhagavā.
呈狮子皮毛色,世尊入王舍城。
‘‘Mutto muttehi saha purāṇajaṭilehi, vippamutto vippamuttehi;
『解脱者与古老丛林之牙齿相合,随之解脱;
Siṅgīnikkhasavaṇṇo, rājagahaṃ pāvisi bhagavā.
呈狮子皮毛色,世尊进入王舍城。
‘‘Tiṇṇo tiṇṇehi saha purāṇajaṭilehi, vippamutto vippamuttehi;
『已断者』者,与已断者同,在古老荆棘丛生之地,『已出离者』者,与已出离者同;
Siṅgīnikkhasavaṇṇo, rājagahaṃ pāvisi bhagavā.
毛色长有白鬃,世尊进入王舍城。
‘‘Dasavāso dasabalo, dasadhammavidū dasabhi cupeto;
十岁,十力,通晓十法,且十大渴爱已除;
So dasasataparivāro, rājagahaṃ pāvisi bhagavā’’ti. (mahāva. 58) –
以这十种百人从众,世尊进入王舍城。」(《大本经》58)——
Imāhi gāthāhi satthu vaṇṇaṃ vadamāno purato pāyāsi. Tadā mahājano māṇavakassa rūpasiriṃ disvā ‘‘ativiya abhirūpo ayaṃ māṇavako, na kho pana amhehi diṭṭhapubbo’’ti cintetvā ‘‘kuto ayaṃ māṇavako, kassa vāya’’nti āha. Taṃ sutvā māṇavo –
以此偈赞叙佛陀的相貌,在前方走来。那时大众见到年幼人子形貌美丽,便心念『此尚为人子,然甚为端正不凡,非我们中见过者』,又思维说:『此人子源自何处,归属谁家?』听此,年轻人子答言:
‘‘Yo dhīro sabbadhi danto, suddho appaṭipuggalo;
『彼有智慧者,常自制御,清净无瑕,无所懈怠。』
Arahaṃ sugato loke, tassāhaṃ paricārako’’ti. (mahāva. 58) – gāthamāha;
“阿拉汉者,是世间得善者,我为其侍者。”(大毗奈耶书五十八章)——此为偈语说道;
Satthā sakkena katokāsaṃ maggaṃ paṭipajjitvā bhikkhusahassaparivuto rājagahaṃ pāvisi. Rājā buddhappamukhassa saṅghassa mahādānaṃ datvā ‘‘ahaṃ, bhante, tīṇi ratanāni vinā vattituṃ na sakkhissāmi, velāya vā avelāya vā bhagavato santikaṃ āgamissāmi, laṭṭhivanuyyānaṃ nāma atidūre, idaṃ pana amhākaṃ veḷuvanaṃ nāma uyyānaṃ nātidūre nāccāsanne gamanāgamanasampannaṃ buddhārahaṃ senāsanaṃ. Idaṃ me bhagavā paṭiggaṇhātū’’ti suvaṇṇabhiṅkārena pupphagandhavāsitaṃ maṇivaṇṇaṃ udakaṃ ādāya veḷuvanuyyānaṃ pariccajanto dasabalassa hatthe udakaṃ pātesi. Tasmiṃ ārāmapaṭiggahaṇe ‘‘buddhasāsanassa mūlāni otiṇṇānī’’ti mahāpathavī kampi. Jambudīpasmiñhi ṭhapetvā veḷuvanaṃ aññaṃ mahāpathaviṃ kampetvā gahitasenāsanaṃ nāma natthi. Tambapaṇṇidīpepi ṭhapetvā mahāvihāraṃ aññaṃ pathaviṃ kampetvā gahitasenāsanaṃ nāma natthi. Satthā veḷuvanārāmaṃ paṭiggahetvā rañño anumodanaṃ katvā uṭṭhāyāsanā bhikkhusaṅghaparivuto veḷuvanaṃ agamāsi.
佛陀在萨咖天帝处修行毕,遵循其教法,于适当时机引导千比库群体进入王舍城。国王施予佛陀出家僧团大布施,言:“尊者,我无法在无三宝(佛、法、僧)情况下生活,愿于任何合适时刻亲近世尊。此林苑名为柯枝园,距离不远,林园安静,有适合佛陀与众僧安住的营地。此地,世尊应当接纳。”金珠宝瓶盛香花及清水后,供养柯枝园。园内地基承受大力震动,称“佛法根基已觍然”;若于印度大陆设立此园,另立大地亦会震动,因类似圣所无二。佛陀接受此林,于国王赞许下起身,和比库众一同前往柯枝园。
Tasmiṃ kho pana samaye sāriputto ca moggallāno cāti dve paribbājakā rājagahaṃ upanissāya viharanti amataṃ pariyesamānā. Tesu sāriputto assajittheraṃ piṇḍāya paviṭṭhaṃ disvā pasannacitto payirupāsitvā ‘‘ye dhammā hetuppabhavā’’ti gāthaṃ sutvā sotāpattiphale patiṭṭhāya attano sahāyakassa moggallānaparibbājakassapi tameva gāthaṃ abhāsi. Sopi sotāpattiphale patiṭṭhāsi. Te ubhopi janā sañcayaṃ oloketvā attano parisāya saddhiṃ bhagavato santike pabbajiṃsu. Tesu mahāmoggallāno sattāhena arahattaṃ pāpuṇi, sāriputtatthero aḍḍhamāsena. Ubhopi ca ne satthā aggasāvakaṭṭhāne ṭhapesi. Sāriputtattherena arahattappattadivaseyeva sāvakasannipātaṃ akāsi.
当时,沙利迦与摩诃迦两游方比库在王舍城依止,为求不死法。沙利迦见阿沙基长老乞食后心怀欢喜,虔敬侍奉,念诵“诸法因缘而生”之偈,并以此教导助缘摩诃迦。摩诃迦同样于托生果得坚定。二人察觉各自团体,遂同入世尊前出家。摩诃迦于一周内得阿拉汉果,沙利迦于半月内成就。二者均在佛陀主导的贤劫弟子聚集地中定居。沙利迦成阿拉汉当天,即成就弟子聚会。
Tathāgate pana tasmiṃyeva veḷuvanuyyāne viharante suddhodanamahārājā ‘‘putto kira me chabbassāni dukkarakārikaṃ caritvā paramābhisambodhiṃ patvā pavattavaradhammacakko rājagahaṃ upanissāya veḷuvane viharatī’’ti sutvā aññataraṃ amaccaṃ āmantesi ‘‘ehi, bhaṇe, purisasahassaparivāro rājagahaṃ gantvā mama vacanena ‘pitā vo suddhodanamahārājā daṭṭhukāmo’ti vatvā puttaṃ me gaṇhitvā ehī’’ti āha. So ‘‘evaṃ, devā’’ti rañño vacanaṃ sirasā sampaṭicchitvā purisasahassaparivāro khippameva saṭṭhiyojanamaggaṃ gantvā dasabalassa catuparisamajjhe nisīditvā dhammadesanāvelāya vihāraṃ pāvisi. So ‘‘tiṭṭhatu tāva rañño pahitasāsana’’nti pariyante ṭhito satthu dhammadesanaṃ sutvā yathāṭhitova saddhiṃ purisasahassena arahattaṃ patvā pabbajjaṃ yāci. Bhagavā ‘‘etha bhikkhavo’’ti hatthaṃ pasāresi, sabbe taṅkhaṇaṃyeva iddhimayapattacīvaradharā saṭṭhivassattherā viya ahesuṃ. Arahattaṃ pattakālato paṭṭhāya pana ariyā nāma majjhattāva hontīti so raññā pahitasāsanaṃ dasabalassa na kathesi. Rājā ‘‘neva gato āgacchati, na sāsanaṃ suyyatī’’ti ‘‘ehi, bhaṇe, tvaṃ gacchāhī’’ti teneva niyāmena aññaṃ amaccaṃ pesesi. Sopi gantvā purimanayeneva saddhiṃ parisāya arahattaṃ patvā tuṇhī ahosi. Rājā eteneva niyāmena purisasahassaparivāre nava amacce pesesi, sabbe attano kiccaṃ niṭṭhāpetvā tuṇhībhūtā tattheva vihariṃsu.
当时有净头大王住于柯枝园,闻佛言:“吾子历六十余年过苦行,终究成正最终觉,现于王舍城柯枝园安住。”某大臣呼唤:“请来,众士人千人前来谓‘父亲为净头大王,望见儿子’。”大王折头应允,众千人即刻从六十由旬外启程,随十万军队中坐于四面阵列,于佛所听法。众人称:“愿王法永立。”尊者讲法终,众士人遂随佛众,一同成就阿拉汉果及出家。佛伸手示意,比库皆显神通,如古长老五十余人般。阿拉汉成就后,诸圣居中者居中,然大王未于十万军中宣布此教法已中道成就。大王言:“无人往返,法不衰失。请来,你速行。”依其命令,派遣大臣另赴他处众聚,成就阿拉汉后寂静无扰。大王亦依此命令逐派九大臣,皆完成其事,寂静而住。
Rājā sāsanamattampi āharitvā ācikkhantaṃ alabhitvā cintesi ‘‘ettakā janā mayi sinehābhāvena sāsanamattampi na paccāhariṃsu, ko nu kho mama vacanaṃ karissatī’’ti sabbaṃ rājabalaṃ olokento kāḷudāyiṃ addasa. So kira rañño sabbatthasādhako amacco abbhantariko ativissāsiko bodhisattena saddhiṃ ekadivase jāto sahapaṃsukīḷako sahāyo. Atha naṃ rājā āmantesi ‘‘tāta, kāḷudāyi ahaṃ mama puttaṃ passitukāmo nava purisasahassāni pesesiṃ, ekapurisopi āgantvā sāsanamattaṃ ārocentopi natthi, dujjāno kho pana jīvitantarāyo, ahaṃ jīvamānova puttaṃ daṭṭhuṃ icchāmi, sakkhissasi nu kho me puttaṃ dassetu’’nti. Sakkhissāmi, deva, sace pabbajituṃ labhissāmīti. Tāta, tvaṃ pabbajitvā vā apabbajitvā vā mayhaṃ puttaṃ dassehīti. So ‘‘sādhu, devā’’ti rañño sāsanaṃ ādāya rājagahaṃ gantvā satthu dhammadesanāvelāya parisapariyante ṭhito dhammaṃ sutvā saparivāro arahattaphalaṃ patvā ehibhikkhubhāve patiṭṭhāsi.
国王内心思虑未得佛法之足迹,见黑头鬼,见黑头鬼乃至于百姓皆不离正法,念:“人民虽有爱护我之心,尚未知法几多,何况我语能行乎?”遍察王力,见黑头鬼,内心笃信佛陀,与菩萨同生同死,辅佐。于是,王称:“子,黑头鬼也,我欲见吾子,派遣九千人来,即使来一人,若示出教法,我也称是子啊。”对曰:“善哉,神!”王领教后往王舍城出家听法,众同成阿拉汉果,登比库位。
Satthā buddho hutvā paṭhamaṃ antovassaṃ isipatane vasitvā vutthavasso pavāretvā uruvelaṃ gantvā tattha tayo māse vasanto tebhātikajaṭile vinetvā bhikkhusahassaparivāro phussamāsapuṇṇamāyaṃ rājagahaṃ gantvā dve māse vasi. Ettāvatā bārāṇasito nikkhantassa pañca māsā jātā, sakalo hemanto atikkanto. Kāḷudāyittherassa āgatadivasato sattaṭṭha divasā vītivattā, so phagguṇīpuṇṇamāsiyaṃ cintesi ‘‘atikkanto hemanto, vasantasamayo anuppatto, manussehi sassādīni uddharitvā sammukhasammukhaṭṭhānehi maggā dinnā, haritatiṇasañchannā pathavī, supupphitā vanasaṇḍā, paṭipajjanakkhamā maggā, kālo dasabalassa ñātisaṅgahaṃ kātu’’nti. Atha bhagavantaṃ upasaṅkamitvā –
佛陀成就正觉,度初夏时节,住于仙人堕处,等至雨季,前往乌鲁维利亚,留住三月,削减三须髯,与千余比库群体,于满月日去王舍城,至住两月。在此期间,出离巴拉纳西五个月,整过寒冬。黑头鬼长老抵达那日计七十七日,念:“寒冬已过,未至春季。诸人从尘世诸难中解脱,各行径通向相对位置之路。地色绿茵,野外花开,便于修行之道,时节正好处于十万军友会合之时。”遂前往佛所—
‘‘Aṅgārino dāni dumā bhadante, phalesino chadanaṃ vippahāya;
『火者』如今尚如火炭,尊者啊,舍弃果实之荫凉;
Te accimantova pabhāsayanti, samayo mahāvīra aṅgīrasānaṃ…pe….
如同火炭发光,时代光辉绽放,伟大英勇者种姓如焰之火焰……
‘‘Nātisītaṃ nātiuṇhaṃ, nātidubbhikkhachātakaṃ;
既不极寒,亦不酷暑,不至极度饥饿与寒冷;
Saddalā haritā bhūmi, esa kālo mahāmunī’’ti. –
燕语莺啼青翠大地,此乃大圣时至也。——
Saṭṭhimattāhi gāthāhi dasabalassa kulanagaraṃ gamanatthāya gamanavaṇṇaṃ vaṇṇesi. Atha naṃ satthā ‘‘kiṃ nu kho udāyi madhurassarena gamanavaṇṇaṃ vaṇṇesī’’ti āha. Bhante, tumhākaṃ pitā suddhodanamahārājā passitukāmo, karotha ñātakānaṃ saṅgahanti. Sādhu udāyi, karissāmi ñātakānaṃ saṅgahaṃ, bhikkhusaṅghassa ārocehi, gamikavattaṃ pūressantīti. ‘‘Sādhu, bhante’’ti thero tesaṃ ārocesi.
以六十偈诗描绘十万军团城镇行军景象。此时尊者问曰:『今日乌达依之行军景致,为何如此甜美?』尊者啊,尔父净头大王愿见,令亲属聚集。善哉,乌达依!我当聚集亲属,告比库僧团,使其行军圆满。』尊者长老上奏如此,众长老皆言:『善哉,尊者!』
Bhagavā aṅgamagadhavāsīnaṃ kulaputtānaṃ dasahi sahassehi, kapilavatthuvāsīnaṃ dasahi sahassehīti sabbeheva vīsatisahassehi khīṇāsavabhikkhūhi parivuto rājagahā nikkhamitvā divase divase yojanaṃ gacchati. ‘‘Rājagahato saṭṭhiyojanaṃ kapilavatthuṃ dvīhi māsehi pāpuṇissāmī’’ti aturitacārikaṃ pakkāmi. Theropi ‘‘bhagavato nikkhantabhāvaṃ rañño ārocessāmī’’ti vehāsaṃ abbhuggantvā rañño nivesane pāturahosi. Rājā theraṃ disvā tuṭṭhacitto mahārahe pallaṅke nisīdāpetvā attano paṭiyāditassa nānaggarasabhojanassa pattaṃ pūretvā adāsi. Thero uṭṭhāya gamanākāraṃ dassesi. Nisīditvā bhuñjatha, tātāti. Satthu santikaṃ gantvā bhuñjissāmi, mahārājāti. Kahaṃ pana, tāta, satthāti? Vīsatisahassabhikkhuparivāro tumhākaṃ dassanatthāya cārikaṃ nikkhanto, mahārājāti. Rājā tuṭṭhamānaso āha ‘‘tumhe imaṃ paribhuñjitvā yāva mama putto imaṃ nagaraṃ pāpuṇāti, tāvassa itova piṇḍapātaṃ harathā’’ti. Thero adhivāsesi. Rājā theraṃ parivisitvā pattaṃ gandhacuṇṇena ubbaṭṭetvā uttamabhojanassa pūretvā ‘‘tathāgatassa dethā’’ti therassa hatthe patiṭṭhāpesi. Thero sabbesaṃ passantānaṃyeva pattaṃ ākāse khipitvā sayampi vehāsaṃ abbhuggantvā piṇḍapātaṃ āharitvā satthu hatthe ṭhapesi. Satthā taṃ paribhuñji. Etenupāyena thero divase divase āhari, satthāpi antarāmagge raññoyeva piṇḍapātaṃ paribhuñji. Theropi bhattakiccāvasāne divase divase ‘‘ajja ettakaṃ bhagavā āgato, ajja ettaka’’nti buddhaguṇapaṭisaṃyuttāya kathāya sakalaṃ rājakulaṃ satthu dassanaṃ vināyeva satthari sañjātappasādaṃ akāsi. Teneva naṃ bhagavā ‘‘etadaggaṃ, bhikkhave, mama sāvakānaṃ bhikkhūnaṃ kulappasādakānaṃ yadidaṃ kāḷudāyī’’ti (a. ni. 1.219, 225) etadagge ṭhapesi.
世尊率领十万余贵族子弟及十万迦毗罗卫住民,偕同二十五万断尽烦恼比库,环绕王舍城每日行程数十由旬。『将自王舍城六十由旬至迦毗罗卫,历时两月』,尊者启程持律疾行。长老闻尊者出行报王,至王宫。王见长老欢喜,使其就座松软寝席,赐以纳干犀牛皮食器。长老起身示意出发。王曰:『请坐进食,亲近师尊后我亦当食。』长老曰:『尊者弟子二十五万众出行显示于王前,亲近大王。』王心欢喜言:『尔等护持此物,直到吾子抵达城中,汝等亦得食。』长老允诺。王还礼敬香粉涂抹食器,盛上美食,置于尊者手中称『如来供养物』。长老视众人,将食器掷空,自己却疾行持物,至尊者手中。尊者受食供养。由此长老每日采集,尊者于静室亦享受王之供养。长老每日斋毕,宣言:『今日如此多尊者来临,如是如此多……』以赞叹佛陀功德之语,令全王族皆生欢喜染爱。于是世尊告诫比库众曰:『此为最高之福得,我比库弟子中之族属欢喜也。』(增支部經卷1第219,225偈)以此高尚教益立定。
Sākiyāpi kho ‘‘anuppatte bhagavati amhākaṃ ñātiseṭṭhaṃ passissāmā’’ti sannipatitvā bhagavato vasanaṭṭhānaṃ vīmaṃsamānā ‘‘nigrodhasakkassa ārāmo ramaṇīyo’’ti sallakkhetvā tattha sabbaṃ paṭijagganavidhiṃ kāretvā gandhapupphahatthā paccuggamanaṃ karontā sabbālaṅkārapaṭimaṇḍite daharadahare nāgaradārake ca nāgaradārikāyo ca paṭhamaṃ pahiṇiṃsu, tato rājakumāre ca rājakumārikāyo ca, tesaṃ anantaraṃ sāmaṃ gandhapupphacuṇṇādīhi pūjayamānā bhagavantaṃ gahetvā nigrodhārāmameva agamaṃsu. Tatra bhagavā vīsatisahassakhīṇāsavaparivuto paññattavarabuddhāsane nisīdi. Sākiyā nāma mānajātikā mānatthaddhā, te ‘‘siddhatthakumāro amhehi daharataro, amhākaṃ kaniṭṭho, bhāgineyyo, putto, nattā’’ti cintetvā daharadahare rājakumāre āhaṃsu ‘‘tumhe vandatha, mayaṃ tumhākaṃ piṭṭhito nisīdissāmā’’ti.
萨咖族人们心想:“若世尊现起,我们当见我们最亲的族长。”于是大家聚集一处,考察世尊的住所,说:“这是无花果树下的园林,环境幽美宜人。”随后,他们精心布置一切,按照既定法式,用香花将地面洒洒清净,戒备森严地守护入门。各年龄之男女孩童先后排队入内,继而是王子们和王女们。他们共同手持香花及香粉等供奉世尊,然后恭敬地引接世尊进入无花果园中。世尊在二万五千余阿结使净束自恭的诸比库围绕下,端坐于庄严清净的胜义宝座。萨咖族乃一豪门世家,自尊傲慢,彼等心念:“悉达多太子是我们中最年少的亲戚兄弟子弟。”各儿童向世尊敬礼,王子们也向其致敬并说:“请受我们敬拜,我们必护佑于你。”
Tesu evaṃ avanditvā nisinnesu bhagavā tesaṃ ajjhāsayaṃ oloketvā ‘‘na maṃ ñātayo vandanti, handa dāni ne vandāpessāmī’’ti abhiññāpādakaṃ catutthajjhānaṃ samāpajjitvā tato vuṭṭhāya ākāsaṃ abbhuggantvā tesaṃ sīse pādapaṃsuṃ okiramāno viya kaṇḍambarukkhamūle yamakapāṭihāriyasadisaṃ pāṭihāriyaṃ akāsi. Rājā taṃ acchariyaṃ disvā āha – ‘‘bhagavā tumhākaṃ jātadivase kāḷadevalassa vandanatthaṃ upanītānaṃ pāde vo parivattitvā brāhmaṇassa matthake patiṭṭhite disvāpi ahaṃ tumhe vandiṃ, ayaṃ me paṭhamavandanā. Vappamaṅgaladivase jambucchāyāya sirisayane nisinnānaṃ vo jambucchāyāya aparivattanaṃ disvāpi pāde vandiṃ, ayaṃ me dutiyavandanā. Idāni imaṃ adiṭṭhapubbaṃ pāṭihāriyaṃ disvāpi ahaṃ tumhākaṃ pāde vandāmi, ayaṃ me tatiyavandanā’’ti. Raññā pana vandite bhagavantaṃ avanditvā ṭhātuṃ samattho nāma ekasākiyopi nāhosi, sabbe vandiṃsuyeva.
世尊领受众人的供养,端坐后看到众人心意,念起:“吾徒非自发祝礼,今后也必然不受敬拜。”随后,世尊进入第四禅定,之后起坐,飘然升空,似树顶缠绕彩带般,施展奇妙异景。国王见此奇事说:“世尊在我生辰那天,我曾见足迹绕转于婆罗门头上,故此向佛礼拜,算是第一次礼节。生辰当天,见诸弟子安坐如树荫下亦礼拜,这是第二次礼节。如今见佛施出如是异彩,我亦礼拜,称作第三次礼节。”国王虽礼敬世尊,而世尊未能让任何单一萨咖族独占荣耀,众皆礼拜。
Iti bhagavā ñātayo vandāpetvā ākāsato otaritvā paññattāsane nisīdi. Nisinne bhagavati sikhāpatto ñātisamāgamo ahosi , sabbe ekaggacittā hutvā nisīdiṃsu. Tato mahāmegho pokkharavassaṃ vassi. Tambavaṇṇaṃ udakaṃ heṭṭhā viravantaṃ gacchati, temitukāmova temeti, atemitukāmassa sarīre ekabindumattampi na patati. Taṃ disvā sabbe acchariyabbhutacittajātā ‘‘aho acchariyaṃ, aho abbhuta’’nti kathaṃ samuṭṭhāpesuṃ. Satthā ‘‘na idāneva mayhaṃ ñātisamāgame pokkharavassaṃ vassati, atītepi vassī’’ti imissā aṭṭhuppattiyā vessantarajātakaṃ kathesi. Dhammadesanaṃ sutvā sabbe uṭṭhāya vanditvā pakkamiṃsu. Ekopi rājā vā rājamahāmatto vā ‘‘sve amhākaṃ bhikkhaṃ gaṇhathā’’ti vatvā gato nāma natthi.
世尊亲近族人礼敬毕,带着众人从空中降低而下,端坐于庄严宝座。聚会中比库高举法钵礼敬世尊,众人皆同一心安住。随后,天空大雨倾泻,水色清凉流过,恰似雨水未经人为浑浊,无一滴水溅落其身。众生见此殊胜异象,心生震惊赞叹:“何等奇特,何等清净。”世尊告知:“诸佛时代,非唯今日才降此雨,过去时代也是如此。”随即说出此雨的前世缘起故事。听闻教法,众起身礼敬,离去。无王臣自请接受比库教团中的某位比库为随侍。
Satthā punadivase vīsatisahassabhikkhuparivuto kapilavatthuṃ piṇḍāya pāvisi. Taṃ na koci gantvā nimantesi, pattaṃ vā aggahosi. Bhagavā indakhīle ṭhitova āvajjesi ‘‘kathaṃ nu kho pubbabuddhā kulanagare piṇḍāya cariṃsu, kiṃ uppaṭipāṭiyā issarajanānaṃ gharāni agamaṃsu, udāhu sapadānacārikaṃ cariṃsū’’ti. Tato ekabuddhassapi uppaṭipāṭiyā gamanaṃ adisvā ‘‘mayāpi idāni ayameva vaṃso, ayaṃ paveṇī paggahetabbā, āyatiñca me sāvakāpi mamaññeva anusikkhantā piṇḍacārikavattaṃ paripūressantī’’ti koṭiyaṃ niviṭṭhagehato paṭṭhāya sapadānaṃ piṇḍāya cari. ‘‘Ayyo kira siddhatthakumāro piṇḍāya caratī’’ti dvibhūmakatibhūmakādīsu pāsādesu sīhapañjare vivaritvā mahājano dassanabyāvaṭo ahosi.
次日,世尊与二万五千比库结伴,来到迦毗罗卫城乞食。无人迎请或接待,也无人接受饭食。世尊在因陀枳勒比库家邀请问讯:“古佛时代,先人们于族中乞食时,如何行为?是如何避开尊贵者宅邸?请举例说明。”遂有一位佛弟子观例,答曰:“我亦遵循同样风俗,此族称为瓦承尼,应主持继承佛法,未来弟子亦当如此乞食行持。”佛弟子由屋顶隐现,大众得以得见其威仪,心生欢欣。
Rāhulamātāpi devī ‘‘ayyaputto kira imasmiṃyeva nagare mahantena rājānubhāvena suvaṇṇasivikādīhi vicaritvā idāni kesamassuṃ ohāretvā kāsāyavatthavasano kapālahattho piṇḍāya carati, sobhati nu kho’’ti sīhapañjaraṃ vivaritvā olokayamānā bhagavantaṃ nānāvirāgasamujjalāya sarīrappabhāya nagaravīthiyo obhāsetvā byāmappabhāparikkhepasamaṅgībhūtāya asītianubyañjanāvabhāsitāya dvattiṃsamahāpurisalakkhaṇapaṭimaṇḍitāya anopamāya buddhasiriyā virocamānaṃ disvā uṇhīsato paṭṭhāya yāva pādatalā –
罗唆母亲又言:“尊者世子(罗唆)现居此城,因有王大权势及珠宝箱等随身出入,现已剃发弃去外貌,更着袈裟以行乞食,此形象光辉端庄,真令人赞歎。”遂开狮子牢籠,凝视世尊,世尊法体光明璀璨,得阴阳照耀辉映,映照街巷,身披五十种庄严标志,展显佛陀至尊殊胜威仪。
‘‘Siniddhanīlamudukuñcitakeso , sūriyanimmalatalābhinalāṭo;
“深入观察其发丝紧缩碧蓝,夕阳映照其额头眉间光洁如白莲,双眉如画,光彩熠熠,
Yuttatuṅgamudukāyatanāso, raṃsijālavitato narasīho.
高耸的肩胛如同锋锐的矛头,胸膛覆满坚密如网的羽毛,如同凶猛的人狮。
‘‘Cakkavaraṅkitarattasupādo, lakkhaṇamaṇḍitaāyatapaṇhi;
你是那具备广大领域、威震四方的王者,有庄严特征的广大身躯;
Cāmarihatthavibhūsitapaṇho, esa hi tuyhaṃ pitā narasīho.
你手持扇柄,装饰华美,这是你,勇猛的人狮之父。
‘‘Sakyakumāro varado sukhumālo, lakkhaṇavicittapasannasarīro;
释迦族的王子,给予福泽,体态柔和,色身洁净光明,身相殊胜;
Lokahitāya āgato naravīro, esa hi tuyhaṃ pitā narasīho.
为世人福祉而来的人中勇士,这正是你,勇猛的人狮之父。
‘‘Āyatayuttasusaṇṭhitasoto, gopakhumo abhinīlanetto;
肩膀宽阔,身体结构健全,保护弟子,目光炯炯有神。
Indadhanuabhinīlabhamuko, esa hi tuyhaṃ pitā narasīho.
汝之父者,乃青虹如弓,鸟喙如鹿,勇猛狮王也。
‘‘Puṇṇacandanibho mukhavaṇṇo, devanarānaṃ piyo naranāgo;
面色皎洁如满开白檀花,贵于天人,威严似龙般男子;
Mattagajindavilāsitagāmī, esa hi tuyhaṃ pitā narasīho.
步态轻盈如醉象,行止优雅,此即汝父,威猛狮王也。
‘‘Siniddhasugambhīramañjusaghoso, hiṅgulavaṇṇarattasujivho;
声如山谷深处清澈悦耳的铃声,体色红润如烈火,生机勃勃;
Vīsativīsatisetasudanto, esa hi tuyhaṃ pitā narasīho.
年二十二岁,面容洁白明净,必为汝父,威猛狮王也。
‘‘Khattiyasambhavaaggakulindo, devamanussanamassitapādo;
为刹帝利家族之始祖,尊贵如神与人间,足跡昭显高尚。
Sīlasamādhipatiṭṭhitacitto, esa hi tuyhaṃ pitā narasīho.
『持戒、安心禅定、坚定意志者』,此者即你之父,为人中王狮。
‘‘Vaṭṭasuvaṭṭasusaṇṭhitagīvo , sīhahanumigarājasarīro;
『身体健美,仪态端正』,如狮王般威严虎壮之身;
Kañcanasucchaviuttamavaṇṇo, esa hi tuyhaṃ pitā narasīho.
『光泽纯净,色彩鲜明』,此者即你之父,乃人中王狮。
‘‘Añjanasamavaṇṇasunīlakeso, kañcanapaṭṭavisuddhanalāṭo;
『眼如青金石,眉似青色,额如纯金饰带洁净』;
Osadhipaṇḍarasuddhasuuṇṇo, esa hi tuyhaṃ pitā narasīho.
『面色清白,如药王之针般洁净』,此者即你之父,乃人中王狮。
‘‘Gacchantonilapathe viya cando, tārāgaṇaparivaḍḍhitarūpo;
『行如夜空皎洁明月,形态似繁星环绕其周』;
Sāvakamajjhagato samaṇindo, esa hi tuyhaṃ pitā narasīho’’ti. –
“学徒中位居中间的游方人,这正是你的父亲,众人之雄狮。”
Evamimāhi dasahi narasīhagāthāhi nāma abhitthavitvā ‘‘tumhākaṃ putto kira idāni piṇḍāya caratī’’ti rañño ārocesi. Rājā saṃviggahadayo hatthena sāṭakaṃ saṇṭhapento turitaturitaṃ nikkhamitvā vegena gantvā bhagavato purato ṭhatvā āha – ‘‘kiṃ, bhante, amhe lajjāpetha, kimatthaṃ piṇḍāya caratha, kiṃ ‘ettakānaṃ bhikkhūnaṃ na sakkā bhattaṃ laddhu’nti saññaṃ karitthā’’ti. Vaṃsacārittametaṃ, mahārāja, amhākanti. Nanu, bhante, amhākaṃ mahāsammatakhattiyavaṃso nāma vaṃso, tattha ca ekakhattiyopi bhikkhācaro nāma natthīti. ‘‘Ayaṃ, mahārāja, rājavaṃso nāma tava vaṃso, amhākaṃ pana dīpaṅkaro koṇḍañño…pe… kassapoti ayaṃ buddhavaṃso nāma. Ete ca aññe ca anekasahassasaṅkhā buddhā bhikkhācarā, bhikkhācāreneva jīvikaṃ kappesu’’nti antaravīthiyaṃ ṭhitova –
如此用这十句被称为众狮子诗歌加以阐述,然后对国王说:“你的儿子如今仍然托钵乞食。”王心神惶恐,举起手指向桶,迅速离去,快步站在世尊前说道:“尊者啊,我们何必害羞?为何还去托钵?为何说‘这些比库不能得到饭食’这类观念?”这是王室家史,这位大王啊,正是我们的尊贵王族传承,其中甚至没有一个人称做比库修行者。”“尊者,这正是您的王族,我们则有包括迪朋卡罗、拘难远……巴萨波等佛族传承。他们与其他无数佛陀、比库们都以比库的身份过生活。”这话语夹杂在对话中曰——
‘‘Uttiṭṭhe nappamajjeyya, dhammaṃ sucaritaṃ care;
“起身莫放逸,持行正法事;
Dhammacārī sukhaṃ seti, asmiṃ loke paramhi cā’’ti. (dha. pa. 168) –
法行者得乐,于此世最高乐。”(法句经,第168偈)——
Imaṃ gāthamāha. Gāthāpariyosāne rājā sotāpattiphale patiṭṭhāsi.
这是此偈。偈尾处,国王建立了一条修得初果的信仰。
‘‘Dhammaṃ care sucaritaṃ, na naṃ duccaritaṃ care;
“持行正法事,不行不善法;
Dhammacārī sukhaṃ seti, asmiṃ loke paramhi cā’’ti. (dha. pa. 169) –
「在法行者安乐而清净,于此现世及彼彼世安住。」
Imaṃ pana gāthaṃ sutvā sakadāgāmiphale patiṭṭhāsi. Mahādhammapālajātakaṃ (jā. 1.10.92 ādayo) sutvā anāgāmiphale patiṭṭhāsi, maraṇasamaye setacchattassa heṭṭhā sirisayane nipannoyeva arahattaṃ pāpuṇi. Araññavāsena pana padhānānuyogakiccaṃ rañño nāhosi. Sotāpattiphalaṃ sacchikatvāyeva pana bhagavato pattaṃ gahetvā saparisaṃ bhagavantaṃ mahāpāsādaṃ āropetvā paṇītena khādanīyena bhojanīyena parivisi. Bhattakiccapariyosāne sabbaṃ itthāgāraṃ āgantvā bhagavantaṃ vandi ṭhapetvā rāhulamātaraṃ. Sā pana ‘‘gaccha, ayyaputtaṃ vandāhī’’ti parijanena vuccamānāpi ‘‘sace mayhaṃ guṇo atthi, sayameva mama santikaṃ ayyaputto āgamissati, āgatameva naṃ vandissāmī’’ti vatvā na agamāsi.
闻此偈后,他安住于斯陀含果。闻《大法护生经》(即《大法护》本生经)及彼果,临终时居于慈悲三昧伞盖下,头枕床席,证得阿拉汉果。然作为森林隐士,他未承担王命之根本职责。然确证斯陀含果后,承受世尊的袈裟,率同僧众,将世尊扶入高尔夫大厅,陪以净食与副食。修毕饮食事宜后,带领众女众入室,礼敬世尊,并向世尊敬礼后离去。此女即为「去吧,尊者之子,受礼拜之人」,虽由亲族称呼,仍言:「如果我有德,尊者之子必将亲自来到我处,若至必当礼敬,」说毕未再来。
Bhagavā rājānaṃ pattaṃ gāhāpetvā dvīhi aggasāvakehi saddhiṃ rājadhītāya sirigabbhaṃ gantvā ‘‘rājadhītā yathāruci vandamānā na kiñci vattabbā’’ti vatvā paññattāsane nisīdi. Sā vegenāgantvā gopphakesu gahetvā pādapiṭṭhiyaṃ sīsaṃ parivattetvā yathāajjhāsayaṃ vandi. Rājā rājadhītāya bhagavati sinehabahumānādiguṇasampattiyo kathesi ‘‘bhante, mama dhītā ‘tumhehi kāsāyāni vatthāni nivāsitānī’ti sutvā tato paṭṭhāya kāsāyavatthanivatthā jātā, tumhākaṃ ekabhattikabhāvaṃ sutvā ekabhattikāva jātā, tumhehi mahāsayanassa chaḍḍitabhāvaṃ sutvā paṭṭikāmañcakeyeva nipannā, tumhākaṃ mālāgandhādīhi viratabhāvaṃ ñatvā viratamālāgandhāva jātā, attano ñātakehi ‘mayaṃ paṭijaggissāmā’ti sāsane pesitepi ekañātakampi na olokesi, evaṃ guṇasampannā me dhītā bhagavā’’ti. ‘‘Anacchariyaṃ, mahārāja, yaṃ idāni tayā rakkhiyamānā rājadhītā paripakke ñāṇe attānaṃ rakkheyya, esā pubbe anārakkhā pabbatapāde vicaramānā aparipakke ñāṇe attānaṃ rakkhī’’ti vatvā candakinnarījātakaṃ (jā. 1.14.18 ādayo) kathetvā uṭṭhāyāsanā pakkāmi.
世尊披戴王袈裟,携两位上首弟子,偕同王女前往宫廷,言:「王女既已恭敬施礼,无须再行其他。」遂坐于预设座位。王女速至农舍中,执护头巾覆于首顶,依照礼法拱手敬礼。国王对王女及世尊赞叹不已,言:「尊者,吾女闻称诸比库羯磨,供养袈裟成衣,由此受持一座食处,得免大床之弃,见诸持戒禁净者远离缠执,并发愿与亲族结缘,然无一亲族得见,吾女德行如此于尊者。」世尊答曰:「不奇怪,大王,目今所护之王女,若于未护时依止山麓,彼亦当悟有所护。」又以《月天飞天本生》说之,言罢起座而去。
Dutiyadivase pana nandassa rājakumārassa abhisekagehappavesanavivāhamaṅgalesu vattamānesu tassa gehaṃ gantvā kumāraṃ pattaṃ gāhāpetvā pabbājetukāmo maṅgalaṃ vatvā uṭṭhāyāsanā pakkāmi. Janapadakalyāṇī kumāraṃ gacchantaṃ disvā ‘‘tuvaṭaṃ kho, ayyaputta, āgaccheyyāsī’’ti vatvā gīvaṃ pasāretvā olokesi. Sopi bhagavantaṃ ‘‘pattaṃ gaṇhathā’’ti vattuṃ avisahamāno vihāraṃyeva agamāsi, taṃ anicchamānaṃyeva bhagavā pabbājesi. Iti bhagavā kapilavatthuṃ gantvā tatiyadivase nandaṃ pabbājesi.
于第二日,在王太子南达加冕及婚礼庆典时,世尊造访其宫,披戴王袈裟,意欲出家,祝贺完毕后起座离去。乡里一善妇见王子出行,言:「善哉,尊者之子,你该来此。」伸舌观视。其妇属言告世尊:「请携王袈裟。」世尊不悦,退入住处。对世尊不悦之状,世尊遂为王子受具足戒。由是,世尊赴迦毗罗卫城,于第三日使王子南达出家。
Sattame divase rāhulamātā kumāraṃ alaṅkaritvā bhagavato santikaṃ pesesi ‘‘passa, tāta, etaṃ vīsatisahassasamaṇaparivutaṃ suvaṇṇavaṇṇaṃ brahmarūpavaṇṇaṃ samaṇaṃ, ayaṃ te pitā, etassa mahantā nidhayo ahesuṃ, tyāssa nikkhamanakālato paṭṭhāya na passāma, gaccha, naṃ dāyajjaṃ yācāhi – ‘ahaṃ tāta kumāro abhisekaṃ patvā cakkavattī bhavissāmi, dhanena me attho, dhanaṃ me dehi. Sāmiko hi putto pitu santakassā’ti’’. Kumāro ca bhagavato santikaṃ gantvā pitu sinehaṃ paṭilabhitvā haṭṭhatuṭṭho ‘‘sukhā te, samaṇa, chāyā’’ti vatvā aññañca bahuṃ attano anurūpaṃ vadanto aṭṭhāsi. Bhagavā katabhattakicco anumodanaṃ katvā uṭṭhāyāsanā pakkāmi. Kumāropi ‘‘dāyajjaṃ me, samaṇa, dehi, dāyajjaṃ me, samaṇa, dehī’’ti bhagavantaṃ anubandhi. Bhagavā kumāraṃ na nivattāpesi, parijanopi bhagavatā saddhiṃ gacchantaṃ nivattetuṃ nāsakkhi. Iti so bhagavatā saddhiṃ ārāmameva agamāsi.
第七日,王太子之母装扮王子,遣使迎至世尊前,言:「乞看,慈父!此乃二万众比库环绕,金色光辉之佛住士,此为你父,身色似梵,众多财宝,若出家即显大富有,我请求予以资财。丈夫是儿父之养育者。」王子亦至世尊前,获父亲慈爱,向世尊言:「请予资财,求资财。」世尊不遣返王子,众亲近日共行,不许回还,乃携同入园林。
Tato bhagavā cintesi ‘‘yaṃ ayaṃ pitu santakaṃ dhanaṃ icchati, taṃ vaṭṭānugataṃ savighātaṃ, handassa bodhimaṇḍe paṭiladdhaṃ sattavidhaṃ ariyadhanaṃ demi, lokuttaradāyajjassa naṃ sāmikaṃ karomī’’ti āyasmantaṃ sāriputtaṃ āmantesi ‘‘tena hi, tvaṃ sāriputta, rāhulakumāraṃ pabbājehī’’ti. Thero taṃ pabbājesi. Pabbajite pana kumāre rañño adhimattaṃ dukkhaṃ uppajji. Taṃ adhivāsetuṃ asakkonto bhagavato nivedetvā ‘‘sādhu, bhante, ayyā mātāpitūhi ananuññātaṃ puttaṃ na pabbājeyyu’’nti varaṃ yāci. Bhagavā tassa taṃ varaṃ datvā punadivase rājanivesane katapātarāso ekamantaṃ nisinnena raññā ‘‘bhante, tumhākaṃ dukkarakārikakāle ekā devatā maṃ upasaṅkamitvā ‘putto te kālakato’ti āha, tassā vacanaṃ asaddahanto ‘na mayhaṃ putto bodhiṃ appatvā kālaṃ karotī’ti taṃ paṭikkhipi’’nti vutte ‘‘idāni kiṃ saddahissatha, ye tumhe pubbepi aṭṭhikāni dassetvā ‘putto te mato’ti vutte na saddahitthā’’ti imissā aṭṭhuppattiyā mahādhammapālajātakaṃ kathesi. Kathāpariyosāne rājā anāgāmiphale patiṭṭhāsi.
世尊思忖:「父亲所怀慕西财,皆由世俗苦难所得。我今以佛法所成七种圣财回报,而非执此俗财为己。」如是告大长老祗树给孤独,以令其出家王子。长老为其受具足戒。出家后王子生重苦,未堪承受,向世尊请求,言:「尊者,母父不许我出家。」世尊准其愿。翌日,世尊于王宫独坐侍奉时,王言:「尊者,著名恶时,有天神临我,谓儿时已误时机,我否信之。」世尊说:「尔等先前目睹王子果报,未信时,今因祸得福,何须惑信其言。」继而举《大法护生经》,经毕,王安心于斯陀含果。
Iti bhagavā pitaraṃ tīsu phalesu patiṭṭhāpetvā bhikkhusaṅghaparivuto punadeva rājagahaṃ gantvā veḷuvane vihāsi. Tasmiṃ samaye anāthapiṇḍiko gahapati pañcahi sakaṭasatehi bhaṇḍaṃ ādāya rājagahe attano piyasahāyakassa seṭṭhino gehaṃ gantvā tattha buddhassa bhagavato uppannabhāvaṃ sutvā balavapaccūsasamaye devatānubhāvena vivaṭena dvārena satthāraṃ upasaṅkamitvā dhammaṃ sutvā sotāpattiphale patiṭṭhāya dutiyadivase buddhappamukhassa bhikkhusaṅghassa mahādānaṃ datvā sāvatthiṃ āgamanatthāya satthu paṭiññaṃ gahetvā antarāmagge pañcacattālīsayojanaṭṭhāne satasahassaṃ satasahassaṃ datvā yojanike yojanike vihāre kāretvā jetavanaṃ koṭisanthārena aṭṭhārasahiraññakoṭīhi kiṇitvā navakammaṃ paṭṭhapesi. So majjhe dasabalassa gandhakuṭiṃ kāresi, taṃ parivāretvā asītimahātherānaṃ pāṭiyekkasannivesane āvāse ekakūṭāgāradvikūṭāgārahaṃsavaṭṭakadīghasālāmaṇḍapādivasena sesasenāsanāni pokkharaṇīcaṅkamanarattiṭṭhānadivāṭṭhānāni cāti aṭṭhārasakoṭipariccāgena ramaṇīye bhūmibhāge manoramaṃ vihāraṃ kārāpetvā dasabalassa āgamanatthāya dūtaṃ pesesi. Satthā dūtassa vacanaṃ sutvā mahābhikkhusaṅghaparivuto rājagahā nikkhamitvā anupubbena sāvatthinagaraṃ pāpuṇi.
于是世尊安住于父亲三果之功德已立之后,聚绕众比库再次前往王舍城,于竹林中住处。当时,给孤独长者携带五百辆车的器具,回到自己所护持的长者家,听闻于世尊生起变化之时,于强力复苏之际,感得天神示现以光明开启门扉,恭敬地向导师近前,听受佛法,证得初果。次日,于佛前及比库众大供养,将大量礼物赠予佛陀,奉请导师前往舍卫城。中途于四十五由旬之外赠与十万又十万,分由旬分别建造僧院,又以百万沙坛供献竹林,花费十万八千亿货币新作僧院,敷设新义务。其中心建造了拥有十象力的香殿,围绕着三十二万长老们专属的单独居处,含多个房屋,配有屋顶回廊、围廊、长厅与讲坛座位,兼有池塘、散步道等设施。整体以十八千万之巨量物资布施,建立美好地界广阔的清净舒适禅修胜地。为盛大象队来访特别派遣使者。导师闻使者语,众比库随从率群离开王舍城,渐次进入舍卫城莅临。
Mahāseṭṭhipi kho vihāramahaṃ sajjetvā tathāgatassa jetavanappavisanadivase puttaṃ sabbālaṅkārapaṭimaṇḍitaṃ katvā alaṅkatapaṭiyatteheva pañcahi kumārasatehi saddhiṃ pesesi. So saparivāro pañcavaṇṇavatthasamujjalāni pañca dhajasatāni gahetvā dasabalassa purato ahosi. Tesaṃ pacchato mahāsubhaddā cūḷasubhaddāti dve seṭṭhidhītaro pañcahi kumārikāsatehi saddhiṃ puṇṇaghaṭe gahetvā nikkhamiṃsu. Tāsaṃ pacchato seṭṭhibhariyā sabbālaṅkārapaṭimaṇḍitā pañcahi mātugāmasatehi saddhiṃ puṇṇapātiyo gahetvā nikkhami. Sabbesaṃ pacchato sayaṃ mahāseṭṭhi ahatavatthanivattho ahatavatthanivattheheva pañcahi seṭṭhisatehi saddhiṃ bhagavantaṃ abbhuggañchi. Bhagavā imaṃ upāsakaparisaṃ purato katvā mahābhikkhusaṅghaparivuto attano sarīrappabhāya suvaṇṇarasasekapiñjarāni viya vanantarāni kurumāno anantāya buddhalīḷāya apaṭisamāya buddhasiriyā jetavanavihāraṃ pāvisi.
大长者也清扫大寺院,在如来入竹林那日,具足以各种宝饰装饰孩童,搭设宝盖,并以五百位小王子同住。众随从携带五彩缤纷的绸缎和五百面旗帜,站立于十象强盛之众之前。其后,大善慧长者与小善慧两位长者携同五百位公主集合,拿着满载珍宝的壶出发。紧接着,长者妻子也携装饰完备的五百位妾妃,拿着满载的竹篮前往。最后,大长者自己,携带五百长者同往攀登佛陀所在,虔诚礼敬佛陀。世尊亲自坐镇于这信众群前,随大众而入,身影如金塔放光,遍布无际的森林之间,以无边佛陀之戏法,无可比拟的佛光,入竹林住处。
Atha naṃ anāthapiṇḍiko pucchi – ‘‘kathāhaṃ, bhante, imasmiṃ vihāre paṭipajjāmī’’ti. Tena hi gahapati imaṃ vihāraṃ āgatānāgatassa cātuddisassa bhikkhusaṅghassa dehīti. ‘‘Sādhu, bhante’’ti mahāseṭṭhi suvaṇṇabhiṅkāraṃ ādāya dasabalassa hatthe udakaṃ pātetvā ‘‘imaṃ jetavanavihāraṃ āgatānāgatassa cātuddisassa bhikkhusaṅghassa dammī’’ti adāsi. Satthā vihāraṃ paṭiggahetvā anumodanaṃ karonto –
时,给孤独长者问世尊说:「尊者!我该如何在此寺院中修习?」此时长者指寺院为住持所有之处,供四方来往的众比库。大长者手捧金制香器,倒水入十象所持的掌中,说:“此竹林寺院我献与供养四方来往的众比库。”导师接纳此寺院,默许嘉许后说:
‘‘Sītaṃ uṇhaṃ paṭihanti, tato vāḷamigāni ca;
「寒热交替变化,时有野狼出没;
Sarīsape ca makase, sisire cāpi vuṭṭhiyo.
白蚊荆棘丛生,冬季尤甚寒苦;
‘‘Tato vātātapo ghoro, sañjāto paṭihaññati;
随后刮起暴烈大风,生成逆境灾难。
Leṇatthañca sukhatthañca, jhāyituñca vipassituṃ.
既为安适之处,亦为幸福之所,且为禅定与内观之场。
‘‘Vihāradānaṃ saṅghassa, aggaṃ buddhena vaṇṇitaṃ;
『供养僧团之居所,乃佛陀所赞为第一;
Tasmā hi paṇḍito poso, sampassaṃ atthamattano.
故智者应自饱足,亲近正法,观察自身利益所在。」
‘‘Vihāre kāraye ramme, vāsayettha bahussute;
『当建造禅房于游乐场所,使多闻众可安居;
Tesaṃ annañca pānañca, vatthasenāsanāni ca.
并应供给其饮食、饮水、衣被及坐具床榻。
‘‘Dadeyya ujubhūtesu, vippasannena cetasā;
『当以正直正念,心境清明,自诸众中赠与;
Te tassa dhammaṃ desenti, sabbadukkhāpanūdanaṃ;
他们宣说那法,即彻底断除一切苦难的法;
Yaṃ so dhammaṃ idhaññāya, parinibbāti anāsavo’’ti. (cūḷava. 295) –
若有知晓此法者,便断除烦恼而获得圆寂。──(《小毗婆沙》295页)
Vihārānisaṃsaṃ kathesi. Anāthapiṇḍiko dutiyadivasato paṭṭhāya vihāramahaṃ ārabhi. Visākhāya pāsādamaho catūhi māsehi niṭṭhito, anāthapiṇḍikassa pana vihāramaho navahi māsehi niṭṭhāsi. Vihāramahepi aṭṭhāraseva koṭiyo pariccāgaṃ agamaṃsu. Iti ekasmiṃyeva vihāre catupaṇṇāsakoṭisaṅkhyaṃ dhanaṃ pariccaji.
他讲说安住之处的由来。给孤独长老在第二日动身,开始兴建大寺。维萨迦以建成华丽的殿堂,历时四个月完成。给孤独长老的寺院大殿却用九个月才竣工。光大寺院的捐献达到十八千万财富。如此,在同一寺院里,捐献的财富高达四亿五千万。
Atīte pana vipassissa bhagavato kāle punabbasumitto nāma seṭṭhi suvaṇṇiṭṭhakāsanthārena kiṇitvā tasmiṃyeva ṭhāne yojanappamāṇaṃ saṅghārāmaṃ kāresi. Sikhissa bhagavato kāle sirivaḍḍho nāma seṭṭhi suvaṇṇaphālasanthārena kiṇitvā tasmiṃyeva ṭhāne tigāvutappamāṇaṃ saṅghārāmaṃ kāresi. Vessabhussa bhagavato kāle sotthijo nāma seṭṭhi suvaṇṇahatthipadasanthārena kiṇitvā tasmiṃyeva ṭhāne aḍḍhayojanappamāṇaṃ saṅghārāmaṃ kāresi. Kakusandhassa bhagavato kāle accuto nāma seṭṭhi suvaṇṇiṭṭhakāsanthārena kiṇitvā tasmiṃyeva ṭhāne gāvutappamāṇaṃ saṅghārāmaṃ kāresi. Koṇāgamanassa bhagavato kāle uggo nāma seṭṭhi suvaṇṇakacchapasanthārena kiṇitvā tasmiṃyeva ṭhāne aḍḍhagāvutappamāṇaṃ saṅghārāmaṃ kāresi. Kassapassa bhagavato kāle sumaṅgalo nāma seṭṭhi suvaṇṇakaṭṭisanthārena kiṇitvā tasmiṃyeva ṭhāne soḷasakarīsappamāṇaṃ saṅghārāmaṃ kāresi. Amhākaṃ pana bhagavato kāle anāthapiṇḍiko nāma seṭṭhi kahāpaṇakoṭisanthārena kiṇitvā tasmiṃyeva ṭhāne aṭṭhakarīsappamāṇaṃ saṅghārāmaṃ kāresi. Idaṃ kira ṭhānaṃ sabbabuddhānaṃ avijahitaṭṭhānameva.
过去如来瞻波悉多时代,有名叫尊提的庄园主以黄金三十六万两买下那地方,建造了约一由旬的大僧园。释迦世尊时,有名叫沙利子的庄园主用黄金三百两买下那地方,建立了约三十五由旬的僧园。佛陀毗舍浮时代,有名叫善觉的庄园主用黄金六百万两买下那地方,建造了约一又半由旬的僧园。佛陀迦旃延时代,有名叫透陀的庄园主用三十六万两黄金买下那里,建造了约一由旬的僧园。佛陀拘那含那时代,有名叫优固的庄园主以黄金八万两买下那地方,建了约八分之四由旬的僧园。佛陀迦叶时代,有名叫善妙的庄园主用黄金十二万两买下那里,建立了约十六百余座僧园。而在如来时代,我们的给孤独长老庄园主用现金八百万两买下那地方,建成了约八百座僧园。此处乃为诸佛所未入侵的圣地。
Iti mahābodhimaṇḍe sabbaññutappattito yāva mahāparinibbānamañcā yasmiṃ yasmiṃ ṭhāne bhagavā vihāsi, idaṃ santikenidānaṃ nāma, tassa vasena sabbajātakāni vaṇṇayissāma.
于是,在大菩提场上,由诸唯识成就至大般涅槃为止,无论佛陀在何处安住,这里便被称为圣地。现今,我们当依此理由,叙述诸佛的一切本生事迹。
Nidānakathā niṭṭhitā. · 因缘故事已毕。