25. Koṇāgamanabuddhavaṃso · 25. 果那嘎玛那佛史义注
24. Kakusandhabuddhavaṃsavaṇṇanā二十四、咖古山达佛种姓注释
Vessabhumhi sayambhumhi parinibbute tasmiṃ pana kappe atikkante ekūnattiṃsakappesu jinadivasakarā nuppajjiṃsu. Imasmiṃ pana bhaddakappe cattāro buddhā nibbattiṃsu. Katame cattāro? Kakusandho koṇāgamano kassapo amhākaṃ buddhoti. Metteyyo pana bhagavā uppajjissati. Evamayaṃ kappo pañcahi buddhuppādehi paṭimaṇḍitattā bhaddakappoti bhagavatā vaṇṇito. Tattha kakusandho nāma bhagavā pāramiyo pūretvā tusitapure nibbattitvā tato cavitvā khemavatīnagare khemaṅkarassa nāma rañño atthadhammānusāsakassa aggidattassa nāma purohitassa aggamahesiyā visākhāya nāma brāhmaṇiyā kucchismiṃ paṭisandhiṃ aggahesi. Yadā pana khattiyā brāhmaṇe sakkaronti garukaronti mānenti pūjenti, tadā bodhisattā brāhmaṇakule nibbattanti.
毗舍浮佛自生，般涅槃后，彼劫过去，于其后三十九劫之间，胜者日光者皆不出生。然于此贤劫中，四佛出世。是哪四位？即拘留孙、拘那含牟尼、迦叶，以及我等之佛。而慈氏世尊将来出世。如是，此劫因有五佛出世而庄严，故被世尊称赞为「贤劫」。其中，名为拘留孙的世尊，圆满诸波罗蜜后，生于兜率天城，从彼处没后，于喜摩瓦帝城中，名为喜摩咖拉之王的如法随顺教导者、名为阿基达他之祭司长的首席大王妃、名为维萨卡的婆罗门女的胎中结生。然而，凡刹帝利尊重、礼敬、崇敬、供养婆罗门之时，菩萨便生于婆罗门家。
Yadā pana brāhmaṇā khattiye sakkaronti garukaronti mānenti pūjenti, tadā khattiyakule uppajjanti. Tadā kira brāhmaṇā khattiyehi sakkarīyanti garukarīyanti, tasmā saccasandho kakusandho bodhisatto vibhavasirisamudayenākule anākule brāhmaṇakule dasasahassilokadhātuṃ unnādento kampayanto udapādi. Heṭṭhā vuttappakārāni pāṭihāriyāni nibbattiṃsu. Tato dasannaṃ māsānaṃ accayena khemavatuyyāne mātukucchito suvaṇṇalatāto aggijālo viya nikkhami. So cattāri vassasahassāni agāraṃ ajjhāvasi. Tassa kira kāmakāmavaṇṇakāmasuddhināmakā tayo pāsādā ahesuṃ. Rocinībrāhmaṇīpamukhāni tiṃsa itthisahassāni paccupaṭṭhitāni ahesuṃ.
凡婆罗门尊重、礼敬、崇敬、供养刹帝利之时，则生于刹帝利家。据传，彼时婆罗门受到刹帝利的尊重礼敬，因此，诚实语者、拘留孙菩萨，以无财富盛德的兴起，于无家无家的婆罗门家中出生，令万千世界震响振动。如前所述各种神变随之显现。此后经过十个月，从喜摩瓦图园林的母胎中出生，犹如金藤上腾起的火焰。他在家居住了四千年。据传，他有三座宫殿，名为爱欲乐、色彩乐、清净乐。以罗吉妮婆罗门女为首的三万女眷侍奉左右。
So cattāri nimittāni disvā rociniyā brāhmaṇiyā anuttare uttare nāma kumāre uppanne payuttena ājaññarathena mahābhinikkhamanaṃ nikkhamitvā pabbaji. Taṃ cattālīsasahassāni anupabbajiṃsu. So tehi parivuto aṭṭha māse padhānacariyaṃ caritvā visākhapuṇṇamāya sucirindhanigame vajirindhabrāhmaṇassa dhītāya dinnaṃ madhupāyāsaṃ paribhuñjitvā khadiravane divāvihāraṃ katvā sāyanhasamaye subhaddena nāma yavapālakena upanītā aṭṭha tiṇamuṭṭhiyo gahetvā sirīsabodhiṃ pāṭaliyā vuttappamāṇaṃ dibbagandhaṃ upavāyamānaṃ upagantvā catuttiṃsahatthavitthataṃ tiṇasantharaṃ santharitvā pallaṅkaṃ ābhujitvā sambodhiṃ patvā – ‘‘anekajātisaṃsāraṃ…pe… taṇhānaṃ khayamajjhagā’’ti udānaṃ udānetvā sattasattāhaṃ vītināmetvā attanā saha pabbajitānaṃ cattālīsāya bhikkhusahassānaṃ saccappaṭivedhasamatthataṃ disvā ekāheneva makilanagarasamīpe sambhūtaṃ isipatanaṃ nāma migadāyaṃ pavisitvā tesaṃ majjhagato bhagavā dhammacakkaṃ pavattesi. Tadā cattālīsāya koṭisahassānaṃ paṭhamo dhammābhisamayo ahosi.
他见到四相后，罗吉妮婆罗门女生下名为「无上上者」的孩子，他乘坐配备良马的车辆进行大出离，随即出家。四万人随之出家。他被彼等围绕，行了八个月的精勤行，于毗萨卡满月日，在苏吉林达尼村中，享用瓦基林达婆罗门之女所施与的蜂蜜乳糜后，在刺刀林中作日中住，傍晚时分，接受名为苏跋达的麦田守护者所奉上的八把草，前往如前所述散发神圣香气的尸利沙菩提树，铺设宽达三十四肘的草座，结跏趺坐，证得正觉，发出「多生轮回……乃至……达渴爱之灭尽」的感兴语，经过七个七日，见到与他一同出家的四万比库众具备通达圣谛的能力，便于一日之内进入位于玛基拉城附近的名为仙人堕处的鹿野苑，世尊步入彼等之中，转动法轮。当时，四万亿众中发生了第一次法现观。
Puna kaṇṇakujjanagaradvāre mahāsālarukkhamūle yamakapāṭihāriyaṃ katvā tiṃsakoṭisahassānaṃ dhammacakkhuṃ uppādesi, so dutiyo abhisamayo ahosi. Yadā pana khemavatīnagarassāvidūre aññatarasmiṃ devāyatane abhimatanaradevo naradevo nāma yakkho dissamānamanussasarīro hutvā kantāramajjhe ekassa kamalakuvalayuppalasamalaṅkatasalilasītalassa paramamadhurasisiravārino sabbajanasurabhiramassa sarassa samīpe ṭhatvā kamalakuvalayakallahārādīhi satte upalāpetvā manusse khādati . Tasmiṃ magge pacchinne janasampātarahite mahāaṭaviṃ pavisitvā tattha sampatte satte khādati. So lokavissuto mahākantāramaggo ahosi. Ubhatokantāradvāre kira mahājanakāyo sannipatitvā kantāranittharaṇatthāya aṭṭhāsi. Atha vigatabhavabandho kakusandho satthā ekadivasaṃ paccūsasamaye mahākaruṇāsamāpattito vuṭṭhāya lokaṃ volokento ñāṇajālassa antogataṃ taṃ mahesakkhaṃ naradevayakkhaṃ tañca janasamūhamaddasa. Disvā ca pana gaganatalena gantvā tassa janakāyassa passantasseva bhagavā anekavihitaṃ pāṭihāriyaṃ karonto tassa naradevayakkhassa bhavane otaritvā tassa maṅgalapallaṅke nisīdi.
其次，在咖那库觉那城门口的一棵大娑罗树根下，示现双神变，令三十亿众生起法眼，此为第二次现观。又，在距喜摩瓦帝城不远处，某天神居所中，名为阿毗玛达那拉天的亚卡，现出肉眼可见的人身，站在大荒野道中，一处以莲花、睡莲、柔荑花等庄严、清凉宜人、极为甘甜清新、令一切人心旷神怡的湖泊旁边，以莲花、睡莲、花蕾等诱引众生，继而吞噬人类。此路被截断，人迹断绝，他进入大荒野，吞食进入其中的众生。他成为世间声名狼藉的大荒野之路。据传，在荒野两端的路口，大批人众聚集，为穿越荒野而驻足等候。其时，已断尽诸有之缚的拘留孙导师，某日凌晨从大悲定中出定，以智慧之网观察世间，见到了那位威德广大的那拉迪瓦亚卡，以及那群人众。见已，便从空中飞降，就在那群人众的目睹之下，世尊示现种种神变，降临于那位那拉迪瓦亚卡的居所，坐于其吉祥宝座之上。
Atha kho so manussabhakkho yakkho chabbaṇṇarasmiyo vissajjentaṃ indadhanuparivutamiva divasakaraṃ munidivasakaraṃ pavanapathenāgacchantaṃ disvā – ‘‘dasabalo mamānukampāya idhāgacchatī’’ti pasannahadayo attano parivārayakkhehi saddhiṃ anekamigagaṇavantaṃ himavantaṃ gantvā nānāvaṇṇagandhāni jalajathalajāni kusumāni paramamanoramāni sugandhagandhe samāharitvā attano pallaṅke nisinnaṃ vigatarandhaṃ kakusandhaṃ lokanāyakaṃ mālāgandhavilepanādīhi pūjayitvā thutisaṅgītāni pavattento sirasi añjaliṃ katvā namassamāno aṭṭhāsi. Tato manussā taṃ pāṭihāriyaṃ disvā pasannahadayā samāgamma bhagavantaṃ parivāretvā namassamānā aṭṭhaṃsu. Atha appaṭisandho kakusandho bhagavā abhipūjitanaradevayakkhaṃ naradevayakkhaṃ kammaphalasambandhadassanena samuttejetvā nirayakathāya santāsetvā catusaccakathaṃ kathesi, tadā aparimitānaṃ sattānaṃ dhammābhisamayo ahosi, ayaṃ tatiyo abhisamayo ahosi. Tena vuttaṃ –
于是，那位以人肉为食的亚卡，见到那位放射六色光芒、有如被彩虹环绕的太阳般、循风道而来的牟尼日光者，心生净信，想到：「具十力者为悲悯我而来此。」便与自己的眷属亚卡们一道，前往拥有众多野兽群落的雪山，采集各种颜色与香气、水生与陆生的极美妙花卉，聚齐最上等的芬芳香气，以花鬘、香涂、香水等物供养坐于自己宝座上、已离去一切垢秽的拘留孙世间导者，唱颂赞歌，合掌于顶，礼敬而立。其后，人们见到此神变，心生净信，聚集而来，围绕世尊，礼敬而立。其时，无结生者拘留孙世尊，以展示业果因缘关系令那位受到殊胜供养的那拉迪瓦亚卡深受激励，再以地狱之说令其生起恐惧，继而宣说四谛之法；当时，无量众生发生了法现观，此为第三次现观。因此说道——
§1
1.
‘‘Vessabhussa aparena, sambuddho dvipaduttamo;
「毗舍浮佛之后，最胜两足尊正自觉者——」
Kakusandho nāma nāmena, appameyyo durāsado.
名为迦俱沙，是无比难遇的圣者。
§2
2.
‘‘Ugghāṭetvā sabbabhavaṃ, cariyāya pāramiṃ gato;
『揭示了一切世间，修满行品的彼方；
Sīhova pañjaraṃ bhetvā, patto sambodhimuttamaṃ.
如狮子破鹿笼，得至至高正觉。
§3
3.
‘‘Dhammacakkaṃ pavattente, kakusandhe lokanāyake;
『转动法轮者，迦俱沙为世间领袖；
Cattālīsakoṭisahassānaṃ, dhammābhisamayo ahu.
令四十四亿众，尽得法之理解。
§4
4.
‘‘Antalikkhamhi ākāse, yamakaṃ katvā vikubbanaṃ;
『于空中高处，双重变化显现；
Tiṃsakoṭisahassānaṃ, bodhesi devamānuse.
三千万众神人中觉者。
§5
5.
‘‘Naradevassa yakkhassa, catusaccappakāsane;
‘在人神鬼王的四谛宣说中，
Dhammābhisamayo tassa, gaṇanāto asaṅkhiyo’’ti.
其法成熟，其数量不可胜数’。
Tattha ugghāṭetvāti samūhanitvā. Sabbabhavanti sabbaṃ navavidhaṃ bhavaṃ, bhavuppattinimittaṃ kammanti attho. Cariyāya pāramiṃ gatoti sabbapāramīnaṃ pūraṇavasena pāraṃ gato. Sīhova pañjaraṃ bhetvāti sīho viya pañjaraṃ munikuñjaro bhavapañjaraṃ vināsetvāti attho. Kakusandhassa viddhastabhavabandhanassa ekova sāvakasannipāto ahosi. Kaṇṇakujjanagare isipatane migadāye attanā saha pabbajitehi cattālīsāya arahantasahassehi parivuto māghapuṇṇamāyaṃ bhagavā pātimokkhaṃ uddisi. Tena vuttaṃ –
此中“揭示”者，谓彻底揭破、说明之意。诸有皆如是，诸有共九种，有称为生起的缘起者，是指业。达彼彼岸谓已达成诸波罗蜜圆满之境界。譬如狮子破笼，意即如狮子击破栅栏，圣者破除生有之牢笼。迦俱吠陀时，破生死绑锁者仅此一会。于犍陀城，仙人堕处，鹿野苑，自与依止出家人俱，周绕者有四十四万阿拉汉，值正月满月，世尊宣说四分律。乃称言——
§6
6.
‘‘Kakusandhassa bhagavato, eko āsi samāgamo;
‘迦俱吠陀世尊，当时仅有一众，
Khīṇāsavānaṃ vimalānaṃ, santacittāna tādinaṃ.
净除烦恼者、清净者、心安稳者等’。
§7
7.
‘‘Cattālīsasahassānaṃ, tadā āsi samāgamo;
“当时有四万多人聚集，
Dantabhūmimanuppattānaṃ, āsavārigaṇakkhayā’’ti.
他们生于牙土，因烦恼之贼尽而灭尽。”
Tadā amhākaṃ bodhisatto khemo nāma rājā hutvā buddhappamukhassa saṅghassa pattacīvaraṃ mahādānaṃ datvā añjanādīni sabbabhesajjāni ca adāsi. Aññañca samaṇaparikkhāraṃ datvā tassa dhammadesanaṃ sutvā pasannahadayo hutvā bhagavato santike pabbaji. So pana satthā – ‘‘anāgate imasmiṃyeva kappe buddho bhavissatī’’ti byākāsi. Tena vuttaṃ –
那时我们的菩萨名为迦摩王，已成为国王，向佛陀所引导的僧团供献袈裟为大布施，并施予眼药等诸般药物，又施诸沙门所需品。听闻佛陀所说法，心生欢喜，遂前往世尊面前出家。佛陀对此说道：“未来此世，必有佛出。”由此宣说——
§8
8.
‘‘Ahaṃ tena samayena, khemo nāmāsi khattiyo;
“我当时名为迦摩，出身于剎帝利族；
Tathāgate jinaputte, dānaṃ datvā anappakaṃ.
于如来、胜者子前行布施，诚无遗欠。
§9
9.
‘‘Pattañca cīvaraṃ datvā, añjanaṃ madhulaṭṭhikaṃ;
“曾供袈裟一袭，又施眼药和蜜蜡。”
Imetaṃ patthitaṃ sabbaṃ, paṭiyādemi varaṃ varaṃ.
此诸所学法,我反复思念优胜最佳。
§10
10.
‘‘Sopi maṃ buddho byākāsi, kakusandho vināyako;
世尊亦如是向我开示,是为觉者、领主、导师；
Imamhi bhaddake kappe, ayaṃ buddho bhavissati.
此吉祥劫中,此觉者将当出世。
§11
11.
‘‘Ahu kapilavhayā rammā…pe… hessāma sammukhā imaṃ.
“于迦毗罗卫园中嬉戏……将亲往见此尊者。”
§13
13.
‘‘Nagaraṃ khemavatī nāma, khemo nāmāsahaṃ tadā;
“城名安乐城,我时名为安乐；
Sabbaññutaṃ gavesanto, pabbajiṃ tassa santike’’ti.
尽悉其所有,于是即向尊者出家。”
Tattha añjanaṃ pākaṭameva. Madhulaṭṭhikanti yaṭṭhimadhukaṃ. Imetanti imaṃ etaṃ. Patthitanti icchitaṃ. Paṭiyādemīti dajjāmi, adāsinti attho. Varaṃ varanti seṭṭhaṃ seṭṭhanti attho. ‘‘Yadetaṃ patthita’’ntipi pāṭho, tassa yaṃ icchati, etaṃ sabbaṃ adāsinti attho. Ayaṃ sundarataro.
其中，「眼药」一词含义已甚明了。『甘草棒』者，甘草木棒也。『此彼』者，此物与彼物也。『所愿求者』者，所欲求之物也。『我将备办』者，义为『我将给予，已给予』。『胜中之胜』者，义为『最上中之最上』。另有一读作『凡此所愿求者』，其义为：凡彼所欲求者，此一切皆已给予。此读法更为妥善。
Tassa pana adandhassa kakusandhassa bhagavato khemaṃ nāma nagaraṃ ahosi. Aggidatto nāma brāhmaṇo pitā, visākhā nāma brāhmaṇī mātā, vidhuro ca sañjīvo ca dve aggasāvakā, buddhijo nāmupaṭṭhāko, sāmā ca campā ca dve aggasāvikā, mahāsirīsarukkho bodhi, sarīraṃ cattālīsahatthubbedhaṃ ahosi, samantā dasayojanāni sarīrappabhā niccharati , cattālīsavassasahassāni āyu, bhariyā panassa rocinī nāma brāhmaṇī, uttaro nāma putto, ājaññarathena nikkhami. Tena vuttaṃ –
至于那位无上者迦俱仙那世尊，所在之处有名为「祚摩」的城镇。祚摩城里有名阿罕那婆罗门阿犁陀为父，婆罗门维萨迦为母，婆罗门维杜和三吉为二大侍者，布迪住房之名者护卫，及萨玛和旃蹉二大侍女。觉树婆罗门大树成显，身高达四十三肘，周围延伸十由旬，身光闪耀，寿命长达四万三千岁。其妻氏名为罗钦尼婆罗门，子名乌达罗，出家于阿迦囊师。记有句言——
§14
14.
‘‘Brāhmaṇo aggidatto ca, āsi buddhassa so pitā;
“婆罗门阿犁陀者，是佛之父；
Visākhā nāma janikā, kakusandhassa satthuno.
维萨迦者，是迦俱仙那世尊之母。
§15
15.
‘‘Vasate tattha kheme pure, sambuddhassa mahākulaṃ;
“祚摩城中有世尊之家族，
Narānaṃ pavaraṃ seṭṭhaṃ, jātimantaṃ mahāyasaṃ.
是人群中首屈一指，最尊贵，世上伟人。”
§20
20.
‘‘Vidhuro ca sañjīvo ca, ahesuṃ aggasāvakā;
智者维杜罗和生者桑吉沃，曾为上首随行比库；
Buddhijo nāmupaṭṭhāko, kakusandhassa satthuno.
智慧者名为那摩帕塔卡，皈依乌鸺桑陀尊师。
§21
21.
‘‘Sāmā ca campānāmā ca, ahesuṃ aggasāvikā;
萨玛和尊贵满斑升均，曾为头首随众比库；
Bodhi tassa bhagavato, sirīsoti pavuccati.
此乃世尊觉者之弟子尊号，称为释利索帝。
§23
23.
‘‘Cattālīsaratanāni, accuggato mahāmuni;
四十七宝璨然的大圣者，伟大圣人已成就；
Kanakappabhā niccharati, samantā dasayojanaṃ.
黄金光辉普照四方，遍及十由旬之地。
§24
24.
‘‘Cattālīsavassasahassāni, āyu tassa mahesino;
“有四万三千年，此尊者的寿命；
Tāvatā tiṭṭhamāno so, tāresi janataṃ bahuṃ.
他依此而住，拯救许多大众。
§25
25.
‘‘Dhammāpaṇaṃ pasāretvā, naranārīnaṃ sadevake;
展开教法的施与，令男女众生同在天众之中；
Naditvā sīhanādaṃva, nibbuto so sasāvako.
其声音如狮吼般洪亮，弟子则灭尽欲爱。
§26
26.
‘‘Aṭṭhaṅgavacanasampanno, acchiddāni nirantaraṃ;
具足八正道教诲，断绝不断续；
Sabbaṃ tamantarahitaṃ, nanu rittā sabbasaṅkhārā’’ti.
无一切内在障碍，诸行果全无空虚。”
Tattha vasate tattha kheme pureti ayaṃ gāthā kakusandhassa jātanagarasandassanatthaṃ vuttāti veditabbā. Mahākulanti uditoditaṃ bhagavato pitukulaṃ. Narānaṃ pavaraṃ seṭṭhanti jātivasena sabbamanussānaṃ pavaraṃ seṭṭhanti attho. Jātimantanti abhijātivantaṃ, uttamābhijātaṃ. Mahāyasanti mahāparivāraṃ, kiṃ taṃ buddhassa mahākulaṃ? Tattha mahākulaṃ kheme pure vasatetipadena sambandho daṭṭhabbo.
此处所住之地即为安稳之地，故称此偈为为护持加拘沙闍佛诞生城景所说，须知之。所谓大族，乃指佛陀所出之父族。人中美上者谓族俗，意为生有良种，凡人中最为美上者。所谓有族者，谓出身高贵，出自上等血统。大族者谓大族众亦谓有众多亲属。此所谓佛陀之大族为何？当观其与安稳之地同处之义。
Samantā dasayojananti samantato dasa yojanāni pharitvā niccakālaṃ sarīrato nikkhamitvā suvaṇṇavaṇṇā pabhā niccharatīti attho. Dhammāpaṇanti dhammasaṅkhātaṃ āpaṇaṃ. Pasāretvāti bhaṇḍavikkiṇanatthaṃ nānābhaṇḍasamiddhamāpaṇaṃ viya dhammāpaṇaṃ pasāretvāti attho. Naranārīnanti veneyyanaranārīnaṃ jhānasamāpattimaggaphalaratanavisesādhigamatthāya. Sīhanādaṃ vāti sīhanādaṃ viya, abhayanādaṃ naditvā. Aṭṭhaṅgavacanasampannoti aṭṭhaṅgasamannāgatasaro satthā. Acchiddānīti chiddādibhāvarahitāni sīlāni acchiddāni asabalāni akammāsāni. Atha vā acchiddāni avivarāni sāvakayugaḷādīni. Nirantaranti satataṃ sabbakālaṃ. Sabbaṃ tamantarahitanti satthā ca sāvakayugaḷādīni ca taṃ sabbaṃ munibhāvamupagantvā adassanabhāvamupagatanti attho.
周围十由旬，环绕十由旬，恒久自身体外出游，金色光辉流布，意即如是。所谓施舍，谓赠受法物。普遍之施舍，非指各式器物之赠与，而是法之普施。所谓男女，指欲求入禅定成就三昧果报者。狮吼声者，譬如无畏震恐之吼。具八正道言者，谓具八正道之义理者。无缺断者，谓无毁损之戒律，非弱不作之戒律。亦或无缺断者，指无破坏约定之同修比库众。恒常者，谓常恒不断，所有时刻。诸法无常者，谓师与比库众皆达此无常无我的觉悟境界及难以见证之境。
‘‘Apetabandho kakusandhabuddho, adandhapañño gatasabbarandho;
『生无限亲属者，乃加拘沙闍佛；』『无杖之智者，破除一切障碍；』
Tilokasandho kira saccasandho, kheme pane vāsamakappayittha’’.
『诸世间依仗者，实为真实；』『于安稳处久住者，即为护持者。』
Sesagāthāsu sabbattha pākaṭamevāti.
余偈皆显著无疑，殊胜之义彰显无遗。
Kakusandhabuddhavaṃsavaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā. · 咖古山达佛种姓注释结束。
Niṭṭhito bāvīsatimo buddhavaṃso. · 第二十二佛种姓结束。