24. Kakusandhabuddhavaṃso · 24. 咖古桑德佛史义注
23. Vessabhūbuddhavaṃsavaṇṇanā第二十三、韦沙菩佛种姓注释
Sikhissa pana sammāsambuddhassa aparabhāge antarahite tassa sāsane sattativassasahassāyukā manussā anukkamena parihāyitvā dasavassāyukā ahesuṃ. Puna vaḍḍhitvā aparimitāyukā hutvā anukkamena parihāyitvā saṭṭhivassasahassāyukā ahesuṃ. Tadā vijitamanobhū sabbalokābhibhū sayambhū vessabhū nāma satthā loke udapādi. So pāramiyo pūretvā tusitapure nibbattitvā tato cavitvā anomanagare suppatītassa suppatītassa nāma rañño aggamahesiyā sīlavatiyā yasavatiyā nāma kucchismiṃ paṭisandhiṃ aggahesi. So dasannaṃ māsānaṃ accayena anupamuyyāne mātukucchito nikkhami. Jāyamānova janaṃ tosento vasabhanādaṃ nadi. Tasmā vasabhanādahetuttā tassa nāmaggahaṇadivase ‘‘vessabhū’’ti nāmamakaṃsu . So chabbassasahassāni agāraṃ ajjhāvasi. Ruci-suruci-rativaḍḍhananāmakā tayo pāsādā tassa ahesuṃ. Sucittādevippamukhāni tiṃsa itthisahassāni paccupaṭṭhitāni ahesuṃ.
正觉者在成道之后，隐秘其法教，在世间宣说七万三千年后，众生因怨憎而离弃其教法，剩余十年之久。以后成长增广，寿命无限，并度化众生，延寿达六十万年。那时，彻悟诸法胜解，主宰天下的自觉者，名曰维萨布，他在世间出现。此人圆满度、完成度，曾从兜率天宫降生，继而至人间安陀那城，得到名为苏帕蒂塔的国王和著德、善德的王后在库垂城的接引。国王因爱其德，亲自护持其依止。他经十个月在无比清净的园林中出家。众生如同新生喜悦流向著名的瓦萨巴那达河。因而在瓦萨巴那达之地的那日，予以“维萨布”之名。他住于六万户之中，拥有三座名为觉喜、妙喜、爱乐的宫殿。有三万供养妙心之天女围绕侍奉。
So cattāri nimittāni disvā sucittāya nāma deviyā suppabuddhe nāma kumāre uppanne suvaṇṇasivikāya uyyānadassanatthāya gantvā devadattāni kāsāyāni gahetvā pabbaji. Taṃ sattattiṃsasahassāni anupabbajiṃsu. Atha so tehi parivuto cha māse padhānacariyaṃ caritvā visākhapuṇṇamāya sucittanigame sandissamānasarīrāya sirivaḍḍhanāya nāma dinnaṃ madhupāyāsaṃ paribhuñjitvā sālavane divāvihāraṃ vītināmetvā sāyanhasamaye narindanāgarājena dinnā aṭṭha tiṇamuṭṭhiyo gahetvā sālabodhiṃ padakkhiṇato upāgami. Tassāpi sālassa tadeva pāṭaliyā pamāṇameva pamāṇaṃ ahosi. Tatheva pupphaphalasirivibhavo veditabbo. So sālamūlamupagantvā cattālīsahatthavitthataṃ tiṇasantharaṃ santharitvā pallaṅkaṃ ābhujitvā vigatanīvaraṇaṃ sabbakāmamadāvaraṇaṃ anāvaraṇañāṇaṃ paṭilabhitvā – ‘‘anekajātisaṃsāraṃ…pe… taṇhānaṃ khayamajjhagā’’ti udānaṃ udānetvā sattasattāhaṃ tattheva vītināmetvā attano kaniṭṭhabhātikassa soṇakumārassa uttarakumārassa ca upanissayasampattiṃ disvā devapathena gantvā anomanagarasamīpe aruṇuyyāne otaritvā uyyānapālena kumāre pakkosāpetvā tesaṃ saparivārānaṃ majjhe dhammacakkaṃ pavattesi. Tadā asītiyā koṭisahassānaṃ paṭhamo abhisamayo ahosi.
他见四相：天女名为妙心，天子名为苏帕布德，金色丝织园之景，为了显现其地，前往天女处接受袈裟，便剃发出家。七万三千人随其出家。其后被三人围绕，行持勤学三个月。在维萨布满月时，于妙心园受赠名为「蜜稀亚撒」之甜粥，乃逍遥于娑罗林日中居，林下安寝。傍晚，城中众王子呈上八把干草，绕菩提树行走。菩提树的种子与山柰树大小相等。树下着三十九杖长干草铺垫，置寝榻而无拘束碍，获得无障碍、无闭塞、无所有欲的洞察。彼时他发出七七日的呐喊偈言：「众生多生轮转，内渴灭尽中央」。此后他逍遥于娑罗林，见自己的两位最小弟子：索那小儿与乌达罗小儿的能力自彰，于是前往天道，降落于安陀那园，由园中看护者引领迎接，随即在他们同伴之间转动法轮。此时，第一次说法，有八十亿众生得度。
Puna janapadacārikaṃ caranto bhagavā tattha tattha dhammaṃ desento sattatiyā koṭisahassānaṃ dhammābhisamayo ahosi, so dutiyo abhisamayo ahosi. Anomanagareyeva diṭṭhijālaṃ bhindanto titthiyamānaddhajaṃ pātento mānamadaṃ viddhaṃsento dhammaddhajaṃ samussayanto navutiyojanavitthatāya manussaparisāya parimāṇarahitāya devaparisāya yamakapāṭihāriyaṃ katvā devamanusse pasādetvā saṭṭhikoṭiyo dhammāmatena tappesi, so tatiyo abhisamayo ahosi. Tena vuttaṃ –
复随行游化各国，世尊各处示现法教，达七十亿众生法得解脱，是为第二次度世。仅于安陀那城，破异端邪见，灭除行邪师，破坏傲慢妄想，树立法旗，彰显法教，迎合人天众生，度脱六十亿众生，是为第三次度世。经咏曰－
§1
1.
‘‘Tattheva maṇḍakappamhi, asamo appaṭipuggalo;
“正是在这个广阔领域内，不平等者非卓异之人；
Vessabhū nāma nāmena, loke uppajji nāyako.
有名为维萨布者，世间诞生的引领者。”
§2
2.
‘‘Ādittaṃ vata rāgaggi, taṇhānaṃ vijitaṃ tadā;
“贪欲曾烈如火焰，彼时渴爱已被克服；
Nāgova bandhanaṃ chetvā, patto sambodhimuttamaṃ.
如同巨蟒断绝缚绳，得至最高无上的正觉。
§3
3.
‘‘Dhammacakkaṃ pavattente, vessabhūlokanāyake;
“转法轮者，世间的领袖，维萨布洛迦之王；
Asītikoṭisahassānaṃ, paṭhamābhisamayo ahu.
第一转轮时，约有三千万众生得法。
§4
4.
‘‘Pakkante cārikaṃ raṭṭhe, lokajeṭṭhe narāsabhe;
“当第二转轮在行脚之时，于王国之中、众生之最上；
Sattatikoṭisahassānaṃ, dutiyābhisamayo ahu.
约有七千万众生，于第二转轮时获法。
§5
5.
‘‘Mahādiṭṭhiṃ vinodento, pāṭiheraṃ karoti so;
“破除大见，废弃执著，彼转者自作正念调伏。”
Samāgatā naramarū, dasasahassī sadevake.
人众集聚，人数达一万，俱皆为天众。
§6
6.
‘‘Mahāacchariyaṃ disvā, abbhutaṃ lomahaṃsanaṃ;
见大奇特，生奇异的战栗，
Devā ceva manussā ca, bujjhare saṭṭhikoṭiyo’’ti.
天人及人间众生共知此事，冠有六千万之多。
Tattha ādittanti sakalamidaṃ lokattayaṃ sampadittaṃ. Rāgaggīti rāgena. Taṇhānaṃ vijitanti taṇhānaṃ vijitaṃ raṭṭhaṃ vasavattiṭṭhānanti evaṃ ñatvāti attho. Nāgova bandhanaṃ chetvāti hatthī viya pūtilatābandhanaṃ chinditvā sambodhiṃ patto adhigato. Dasasahassīti dasasahassiyaṃ. Sadevaketi sadevake loke. Bujjhareti bujjhiṃsu.
此中所称燃烧者者，乃是指此世界诸法尽皆燃烧也。所谓「贪」者，即由贪欲所熏染。所谓「胜」者，谓贪欲被胜服；「贪欲被胜」者，亦即国土所安住者。知此为义。犹如巨蟒断裂般，象去除污秽缠绕之藤蔓，故成就觉悟。一万者即为一万之数。天众者，谓世间诸天。所谓『皆已觉』者，表示已悟也。
Soṇuttarānaṃ pana dvinnaṃ aggasāvakānaṃ samāgame pabbajitānaṃ asītiyā arahantasahassānaṃ majjhe māghapuṇṇamāyaṃ pātimokkhaṃ uddisi, so paṭhamo sannipāto ahosi. Yadā pana vessabhunā sabbalokābhibhunā saha pabbajitā sattattiṃsasahassasaṅkhā bhikkhū gaṇato ohīnasamaye pakkantā, te vessabhussa sammāsambuddhassa dhammacakkappavattiṃ sutvā soreyyaṃ nāma nagaraṃ āgantvā bhagavantaṃ addasaṃsu. Tesaṃ bhagavā dhammaṃ desetvā sabbeva te ehibhikkhupabbajjāya pabbājetvā caturaṅgasamannāgatāya parisāya pātimokkhaṃ uddisi, so dutiyo sannipāto ahosi.
当年于两个先尊弟子集会时，于一万阿拉汉聚中，于弥安月圆之日示现巴提摩卡戒，此为第一次结合会。及至伟大王者毗舍浮与七万余比库集结时，彼辈于微时分散，闻毗舍浮正觉佛转法轮后，入舍雷耶城见彼世尊。世尊为彼等所授此法，复以具足四种备具之众戒发布巴提摩卡戒，此为第二次结合会。
Yadā pana nārivāhananagare upasanto nāma rājaputto rajjaṃ kāresi, tassānukampāya bhagavā tattha agamāsi, sopi bhagavato āgamanaṃ sutvā saparivāro bhagavato paccuggamanaṃ katvā nimantetvā mahādānaṃ datvā tassa dhammaṃ sutvā pasannahadayo pabbaji. Taṃ saṭṭhisahassasaṅkhā purisā anupabbajiṃsu. Te tena saddhiṃ arahattaṃ pāpuṇiṃsu. So tehi parivuto vessabhū bhagavā pātimokkhaṃ uddisi, so tatiyo sannipāto ahosi. Tena vuttaṃ –
又，当时在那利车那国城，有位名为乌帕桑陀的王子在位。世尊为怜悯他而往至，王子闻佛来临，亲族弟子迎接，布施盛大，听闻佛法，心怀欢喜便出家。六万人随即追随出家，彼等与佛共获阿拉汉果位。世尊与彼等围绕示现巴提摩卡戒，此为第三次结合会。由此说起——
§7
7.
‘‘Sannipātā tayo āsuṃ, vessabhussa mahesino;
三次聚会曾共集，皆为尊大的毗舍浮尊者。
Khīṇāsavānaṃ vimalānaṃ, santacittāna tādinaṃ.
是那些已断尽染污、清净无垢、心境安详之人。
§8
8.
‘‘Asītibhikkhusahassānaṃ, paṭhamo āsi samāgamo;
三万五千比库中，初次会集已成；
Sattatibhikkhusahassānaṃ, dutiyo āsi samāgamo.
七万比库之众，第二次会聚显现。
§9
9.
‘‘Saṭṭhibhikkhusahassānaṃ , tatiyo āsi samāgamo;
六万比库集结时，第三会合已现；
Jarādibhayatītānaṃ, orasānaṃ mahesino’’ti.
诸多已远离老死恐怖，尊伟庄严之圣者也。」
Tadā amhākaṃ bodhisatto sarabhavatīnagare paramapiyadassano sudassano nāma rājā hutvā vessabhumhi lokanāyake sarabhanagaramupagate tassa dhammaṃ sutvā pasannahadayo dasanakhasamodhānasamujjalaṃ jalajāmalāvikalakamalamakulasadisamañjaliṃ sirasi katvā buddhappamukhassa saṅghassa sacīvaraṃ mahādānaṃ datvā tattheva bhagavato nivāsatthāya gandhakuṭiṃ katvā taṃ parikkhipitvā vihārasahassaṃ kāretvā sabbañca vibhavajātaṃ bhagavato sāsane pariccajitvā tassa santike pabbajitvā ācāraguṇasampanno terasadhutaguṇesu nirato bodhisambhārapariyesanāya rato buddhasāsanābhirato vihāsi. Sopi taṃ bhagavā byākāsi – ‘‘anāgate ito ekattiṃsakappe ayaṃ gotamo nāma buddho bhavissatī’’ti. Tena vuttaṃ –
当时，我等的觉者，在萨罗巴塔那城中，乃一位名为苏达萨那的国王，极其亲爱明达，是维萨布玛国的领导者。抵达萨罗巴塔那城后，听闻佛陀的教法，心清净欢喜，恭敬礼拜，双手合十，头顶顶礼佛前僧团，并且施与大资财，随后为世尊建造一座香舍，设立亭阁，将其围绕，修建了千处住宿处所，舍弃一切世间财富，依近于佛陀，出家修行，具备教化品性，专研十三种善法，志趣在于菩提之具足，乐于佛法奉行，常行禅修。世尊亦为他说：“未来三十三劫后，此名果德玛者将成佛。”对此曾有言说：
§10
10.
‘‘Ahaṃ tena samayena, sudassano nāma khattiyo;
“那时，我是名为苏达萨的皈依王族；
Nimantetvā mahāvīraṃ, dānaṃ datvā mahārahaṃ;
邀请伟勇者，施舍施大财物；
Annapānena vatthena, sasaṅghaṃ jinapūjayiṃ.
以食饮衣服，恭敬依止僧团。
§11
11.
‘‘Tassa buddhassa asamassa, cakkaṃ vattitamuttamaṃ;
“无上佛陀法轮自在转动；
Sutvāna paṇitaṃ dhammaṃ, pabbajjamabhirocayiṃ.
闻闻善法，欢喜出家修持。”
§12
12.
‘‘Mahādānaṃ pavattetvā, rattindivamatandito;
「广布大施已行，昼夜未曾休息；
Pabbajjaṃ guṇasampannaṃ, pabbajiṃ jinasantike.
具足诸善德故，赴出家于圣者前。」
§13
13.
‘‘Ācāraguṇasampanno, vattasīlasamāhito;
「行为品德具足，恪守持戒定心；
Sabbaññutaṃ gavesanto, ramāmi jinasāsane.
寻求遍知广大，乐行如来教法。」
§14
14.
‘‘Saddhāpītiṃ upagantvā, buddhaṃ vandāmi sattharaṃ;
「恭敬信心至诚，礼敬如来导师；
Pīti uppajjati mayhaṃ, bodhiyāyeva kāraṇā.
此处生欢喜心，正是觉悟之因。」
§15
15.
‘‘Anivattamānasaṃ ñatvā, sambuddho etadabravi;
世尊了知无间断的心意，如是说：
Ekattiṃse ito kappe, ayaṃ buddho bhavissati.
三十三劫之后，此佛当出现。
§16
16.
‘‘Ahu kapilavhayā rammā…pe… hessāma sammukhaṃ imaṃ.
“我将成为迦毗罗卫国的欢喜……将出现在此众生面前。”
§17
17.
‘‘Tassāhaṃ vacanaṃ sutvā, bhiyyo cittaṃ pasādayiṃ;
闻此语，我心更为欢喜，
Uttariṃ vatamadhiṭṭhāsiṃ, dasapāramipūriyā’’ti.
更进一步确立于十波罗蜜之上。」
Tattha cakkaṃ vattitanti dhammacakkaṃ pavattitaṃ. Paṇītaṃ dhammanti uttarimanussadhammaṃ. Pabbajjaṃ guṇasampannanti ñatvā pabbajinti attho. Vattasīlasamāhitoti vattesu ca sīlesu ca samāhito. Tesaṃ tesaṃ pūraṇe samāhitoti attho. Ramāmīti abhiramiṃ. Saddhāpītinti saddhañca pītiñca upagantvā. Vandāmīti abhivandiṃ, atītatthe vattamānavacanaṃ daṭṭhabbaṃ. Sattharanti satthāraṃ. Anivattamānasanti anosakkiyamānamānasaṃ.
这里「转轮」即转法轮，「转法轮」即法已开演。「善法」指超越人类的善法。出家具足功德者谓知出家之义。「守戒并专心」指守戒与专心。此中「具足专心」指于各法中满具专心。「欢喜」谓使人欢喜可悦。「信乐」谓信心与欢喜俱生。顶礼谓敬礼，应当观察前世与今世之语。师者谓导师。无间断心意决定为不退转之意。
Tassa pana bhagavato anomaṃ nāma nagaraṃ ahosi. Suppatīto nāmassa pitā khattiyo, yasavatī nāma mātā, soṇo ca uttaro ca dve aggasāvakā, upasanto nāmupaṭṭhāko, rāmā ca samālā ca dve aggasāvikā, sālarukkho bodhi, sarīraṃ saṭṭhihatthubbedhaṃ ahosi. Saṭṭhivassasahassāni āyu, sucittā nāmassa bhariyā, suppabuddho nāmassa putto, suvaṇṇasivikāya nikkhami. Tena vuttaṃ –
世尊家中名为阿诺摩的城镇。父亲名为素般提，是一位王族，母亲名为雅萨瓦蒂。其有二大弟子，名为颂诺与优多罗。照顾者名为优巴桑多，有二大女弟子拉玛与萨玛拉。菩提树为沙罗树，身高及长达六十肘。寿命达六万年，妻名为苏吉塔，子名为素拔都，曾经出家于苏瓦那悉毗迦。故有言——
§18
18.
‘‘Anomaṃ nāma nagaraṃ, suppatīto nāma khattiyo;
『阿诺摩名城镇，父为素般提王族；
Mātā yasavatī nāma, vessabhussa mahesino.
母名雅萨瓦蒂，乃卓越威严之王子之母。』
§23
23.
‘‘Soṇo ca uttaro ceva, ahesuṃ aggasāvakā;
『颂诺与优多罗，皆为大弟子；
Upasanto nāmupaṭṭhāko, vessabhussa mahesino.
照顾者优巴桑多，尊属卓越威严王子。』
§24
24.
‘‘Rāmā ceva samālā ca, ahesuṃ aggasāvikā;
『拉玛与萨玛拉，皆为大女弟子；」
Bodhi tassa bhagavato, mahāsāloti vuccati.
觉悟彼世尊，此称为大觉。
§25
25.
‘‘Sotthiko ceva rammo ca, ahesuṃ aggupaṭṭhakā;
「护法者既具正当且乐趣之特性，故称为第一护卫者；
Gotamī sirimā ceva, ahesuṃ aggupaṭṭhikā.
果德弥亦具光辉荣耀，故称为第一护卫。」
§26
26.
‘‘Saṭṭhiratanamubbedho, hemayūpasamūpamo;
「如六种宝石，坚固不可破，犹如金山，
Kāyā niccharatī rasmi, rattiṃva pabbate sikhī.
其身闪烁光辉，犹如山峰上之夜光。」
§27
27.
‘‘Saṭṭhivassasahassāni, āyu tassa mahesino;
「此广大尊者寿命达六万年；
Tāvatā tiṭṭhamāno so, tāresi, janataṃ bahuṃ.
他就这样停住，为大众渡化了许多众生。
§28
28.
‘‘Dhammaṃ vitthārikaṃ katvā, vibhajitvā mahājanaṃ;
『将法加以详细展开，将其分门别类，传示于大众；
Dhammanāvaṃ ṭhapetvāna, nibbuto so sasāvako.
以法为舟安置，用法渡彼，故此弟子得解脱。』
§29
29.
‘‘Dassaneyyaṃ sabbajanaṃ, vihāraṃ iriyāpathaṃ;
『此法是普遍可见，是行为之所依；
Sabbaṃ tamantarahitaṃ, nanu rittā sabbasaṅkhārā’’ti.
一切皆无内在他缠，诸行实无所住。』
Tattha hemayūpasamūpamoti suvaṇṇatthambhasadisoti attho. Niccharatīti ito cito ca sandhāvati. Rasmīti pabhārasmi. Rattiṃva pabbate sikhīti rattiyaṃ pabbatamatthake aggi viya. Raṃsivijjotā tassa kāyeti attho. Vibhajitvāti vibhāgaṃ katvā, ugghaṭitādivasena sotāpannādivasena cāti attho. Dhammanāvanti aṭṭhaṅgamaggasaṅkhātaṃ dhammanāvaṃ, caturoghanittharaṇatthāya ṭhapetvāti attho. Dassaneyyanti dassanīyo. Sabbajananti sabbo jano, sasāvakasaṅgho sammāsambuddhoti attho. Vihāranti vihāro, sabbattha paccatte upayogavacanaṃ daṭṭhabbaṃ.
此处“hemayūpasamu”之义为“金柱坚固”，喻法如金柱坚牢。所谓“nicchara”即由此至彼之意，表渗透贯通之义。‘rasmi’意为光线辉耀，似山峰上之光火，光芒闪耀于躯体。‘vibhajita’者，分割之意，此比喻法之分类与层次，如初果流果等。‘dhammanāva’特指八正道为舟，“ṭhapetvā”则是安置架设舟的意义。‘dassaneyya’为可见可观，“sabbajana”即诸大众，即凡所有众，不特限于某一群，“sasāvaka”即诸正遍知弟子僧团。‘vihāra’当解释为行住坐卧所依，广义为一切处所、用处。
Vessabhū kira bhagavā usabhavatīnagare kheme migadāye parinibbāyi. Dhātuyo panassa vippakiriṃsu.
世尊威萨布居住在牛城安全的鹿野苑中，已证得般涅槃。他的根本已达究竟。
‘‘Usabhavatipure puruttame, jinavasabho bhagavā hi vessabhū;
“在牛城这上座城中，胜者牛——世尊威萨布，
Upavanavihare manorame, nirupadhisesamupāgato kirā’’ti.
居于园林幽美的梵所，确已不为所缚，应当如此。”
Sesaṃ sabbattha gāthāsu pākaṭamevāti.
余者在各处经文的诗句中皆表露无疑。
Vessabhūbuddhavaṃsavaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā. · 韦沙菩佛种姓注释结束。
Niṭṭhito ekavīsatimo buddhavaṃso. · 第二十一佛种姓结束。