19. Tissabuddhavaṃso · 19. 帝萨佛史义注
18. Siddhatthabuddhavaṃsavaṇṇanā十八、悉达多佛史解释
Dhammadassimhi bhagavati parinibbute antarahite cassa sāsane tasmiṃ kappe atīte kappasahasse ca sattasu kappasatesu ca chasu kappesu ca atikkantesu ito catunavutikappamatthake ekasmiṃ kappe ekova lokatthacaro adhigataparamattho siddhattho nāma satthā loke pāturahosi. Tena vuttaṃ –
在此法中，于世尊涅槃、幽隐之后的教法里，过去时代、千万时代、七百时代、六十时代以及超越此四十九时代的某一时代，世尊以名为『悉达多』的圣者，唯一成就了度越世间的究竟目的，成就佛果，成为世界的觉者。对此曾经说过：
§1
1.
‘‘Dhammadassissa aparena, siddhattho lokanāyako;
『在法眼明了者中，悉达多是众生之导，
Nihanitvā tamaṃ sabbaṃ, sūriyo abbhuggato yathā’’ti.
仿佛太阳普照，驱散黑暗一般』。
Siddhattho bodhisattopi pāramiyo pūretvā tusitabhavane nibbattitvā tato cavitvā vebhāranagare udenassa nāma rañño aggamahesiyā suphassāya nāma deviyā kucchismiṃ paṭisandhiṃ gahetvā dasannaṃ māsānaṃ accayena vīriyuyyāne mātukucchito nikkhami. Jāte pana mahāpurise sabbesaṃ āraddhakammantā ca icchitā ca atthā siddhimagamaṃsu. Tasmā panassa ñātakā ‘‘siddhattho’’ti nāmamakaṃsu. So dasavassasahassāni agāramajjhe vasi. Tassa kokā-suppala-padumanāmakā tayo pāsādā ahesuṃ. Somanassādevippamukhāni aṭṭhacattālīsa itthisahassāni paccupaṭṭhitāni ahesuṃ.
悉达多成佛前，已满布罗蜜多，曾于忉利天宫住世，后来降生人间，降生于韦婆诃罗城，国王名为乌陀那，王后名为苏婆莎，他与之结合。转生于此，经十个月，顺应精进之园，由母腹中出生。人生之初，诸大丈夫皆具足诸多善业与强烈愿望，亦求利益成就，因此亲属称他为『悉达多』。他在十万年间居于府邸中，拥有名为“椰子莲花”“荷花”“芙蓉”三座宫殿。诸多天女侍奉其左右，有四万八千女性追随。
So cattāri nimittāni disvā somanassādeviyā putte anupamakumāre uppanne āsāḷhipuṇṇamiyaṃ suvaṇṇasivikāya nikkhamitvā vīriyuyyānaṃ gantvā pabbaji. Taṃ koṭisatasahassamanussā anupabbajiṃsu. Mahāpuriso kira tehi saddhiṃ dasa māse padhānacariyaṃ caritvā visākhapuṇṇamāyaṃ asadisabrāhmaṇagāme sunettāya nāma brāhmaṇakaññāya dinnaṃ madhupāyāsaṃ paribhuñjitvā badaravane divāvihāraṃ vītināmetvā sāyanhasamaye varuṇena nāma yavapālena dinnā aṭṭha tiṇamuṭṭhiyo gahetvā kaṇikārabodhiṃ upagantvā cattālīsahatthavitthataṃ tiṇasantharaṃ santharitvā pallaṅkaṃ ābhujitvā sabbaññutaṃ pāpuṇitvā – ‘‘anekajātisaṃsāraṃ…pe… taṇhānaṃ khayamajjhagā’’ti udānaṃ udānetvā sattasattāhaṃ vītināmetvā attanā saha pabbajitānaṃ bhikkhūnaṃ koṭisatasahassānaṃ catusaccapaṭivedhasamatthataṃ disvā anilapathena gantvā gayāmigadāye otaritvā tesaṃ dhammacakkaṃ pavattesi, tadā koṭisatasahassānaṃ paṭhamo abhisamayo ahosi. Tena vuttaṃ –
他见到四种相，即老、病、死、圣行者而生欲解脱之心。于忉利天宫之子阿努帕摩库玛生时，于阿索罗满月日，沐浴金光，出离舍宅，前往精进之园。亿万人众随其出家。高人于共处十月间，实行苦行修炼。于维萨卡月圆日，在阿萨迪婆罗门村，受布施于名为素涅达的婆罗门女，食蜂蜜与赖汁。乘坐在巴达拉树林昼伏夜出，日暮时分受田园主瓦鲁纳及谷物守护者的衣物。持八把草束，于般若树下，广布四十四肘庄严草席，铺设草席，安坐端正，达至全知全能之境。
§2
2.
‘‘Sopi patvāna sambodhiṃ, santārento sadevakaṃ;
『彼亦证得正觉，解脱一切苦恼；众神皆至敬礼』。
Abhivassi dhammameghena, nibbāpento sadevakaṃ.
以法雨云覆护，于诸天子中消伏。
§3
3.
‘‘Tassāpi atulatejassa, ahesuṃ abhisamayā tayo;
“于那无匹光明者，曾有三次降临；
Koṭisatasahassānaṃ, paṭhamābhisamayo ahū’’ti.
亿千万计之中，第一次降临称著。”
Tattha sadevakanti sadevakaṃ lokaṃ. Dhammameghenāti dhammakathāmeghavassena. Puna bhīmarathanagare bhīmarathena nāma raññā nimantito nagaramajjhe kate santhāgāre nisinno karavīkarutamañjunā savanasukhena paramamadhurena paṇḍitajanahadayaṅgamena amatābhisekasadisena brahmassarena dasa disā paripūrento dhammāmatadundubhimāhani, tadā navutikoṭīnaṃ dutiyo abhisamayo ahosi. Tena vuttaṃ –
此中『诸天子』者，即指天众世间。所谓『法雨云』，谓法义如雨云普润。又言于毗摩罗城，有名毗摩罗王，曾于城中设置厅堂，座于上方，手持净莲，悦闻甘美最胜法音，智慧者心悦诚服，佛之不灭加持犹如梵天光辉，充满十方，此时第二次降临发生，达九千万倍。故有云——
§4
4.
‘‘Punāparaṃ bhīmarathe, yadā āhani dundubhiṃ;
“当毗摩罗王，再次敲响法鼓时，
Tadā navutikoṭīnaṃ, dutiyābhisamayo ahū’’ti.
正是九千万倍，第二次降临。”
Yadā pana vebhāranagare ñātisamāgame buddhavaṃsaṃ desento navutikoṭīnaṃ dhammacakkhuṃ uppādesi, so tatiyo abhisamayo ahosi. Tena vuttaṃ –
当时，世尊在伟大的王城集聚亲属时，宣说佛族，开转法轮，教化九千万众生，此乃第三次结集。对此有言：
§5
5.
‘‘Yadā buddho dhammaṃ desesi, vebhāre so puruttame;
“当佛陀宣说圣法时，即是在伟大的王城；
Tadā navutikoṭīnaṃ, tatiyābhisamayo ahū’’ti.
那时便形成了九千万的大结集，是第三次大结集。”
Amararuciradassane amaranagare nāma sambalo ca sumitto ca dve bhātaro rajjaṃ kāresuṃ. Atha siddhattho satthā tesaṃ rājūnaṃ upanissayasampattiṃ disvā gaganatalena gantvā amaranagaramajjhe otaritvā cakkālaṅkatatalehi caraṇehi pathavitalaṃ maddanto viya padacetiyāni dassetvā amaruyyānaṃ gantvā paramaramaṇīye attano karuṇāsītale silātale nisīdi. Tato dvepi bhātikarājāno dasabalassa padacetiyāni disvā padāni anugantvā siddhatthaṃ adhigataparamatthaṃ satthāraṃ sabbalokanetāraṃ saparivāraṃ upasaṅkamitvā abhivādetvā bhagavantaṃ parivāretvā nisīdiṃsu. Tesaṃ bhagavā ajjhāsayānurūpaṃ dhammaṃ desesi. Tassa te dhammakathaṃ sutvā sañjātasaddhā hutvā sabbeva pabbajitvā arahattaṃ pāpuṇiṃsu. Tesaṃ koṭisatānaṃ khīṇāsavānaṃ majjhe bhagavā pātimokkhaṃ uddisi, so paṭhamo sannipāto ahosi. Vebhāranagare ñātisamāgame pabbajitānaṃ navutikoṭīnaṃ majjhe pātimokkhaṃ uddisi, so dutiyo sannipāto ahosi. Sudassanavihāre sannipatitānaṃ asītikoṭīnaṃ majjhe pātimokkhaṃ uddisi, so tatiyo sannipāto ahosi. Tena vuttaṃ –
在阿摩罗城，名为森巴罗与苏弥多两兄弟统治国政。彼时，师长悉达多见二王所具庄严富贵，飞越云端，降落于阿摩罗城中央，于装饰华美的宝床脚下，似乎轻抚大地般示现诸圣迹，旋即至阿摩罗园极乐之所，安坐于凉爽清凉的慈悲石台之上。然后，两位亲王及众多臣民见到示现足迹，跟随诸足迹来到悉达多至高无上的导师所居之处，恭敬稽首，随侍左右而坐。世尊随其根机宣说圣法。诸人听闻佛说法语，生起坚固信心，悉数出家，得至阿拉汉果。于此九千万已灭漏者中，世尊传授律藏，开成第一次结集。之后，又在伟大王城召集九千万出家人，宣说律藏，成第二次结集。再于苏陀山净土聚集八千万僧众，开成第三次结集。因此有言：
§6
6.
‘‘Sannipātā tayo āsuṃ, tasmimpi dvipaduttame;
“三次大结集曾出现，其中尊者为世间最佳；
Khīṇāsavānaṃ vimalānaṃ, santacittāna tādinaṃ.
皆为已断烦恼清净圣者，心如止水清净的人。”
§7
7.
‘‘Koṭisatānaṃ navutīnaṃ, asītiyāpi ca koṭinaṃ;
‘‘九千万与九亿，数字计量甚巨；
Ete āsuṃ tayo ṭhānā, vimalānaṃ samāgame’’ti.
这里有三处净地汇聚在一起，纯净而庄严。”
Tattha navutīnaṃ, asītiyāpi ca koṭinanti navutīnaṃ koṭīnaṃ asītiyāpi ca koṭīnaṃ sannipātā ahesunti attho. Ete āsuṃ tayo ṭhānāti etāni tīṇi sannipātaṭṭhānāni ahesunti attho. ‘‘Ṭhānāne tāni tīṇi ahesu’’ntipi pāṭho.
此处‘九千万’与‘九亿’乃指九千万与九亿之众聚集在一起，意指三处净地的汇集。‘三处净地’即三处汇聚之地。文中亦有‘三处皆存在’的说法。
Tadā amhākaṃ bodhisatto surasenanagare maṅgalo nāma brāhmaṇo hutvā vedavedaṅgānaṃ pāraṃ gantvā anekakoṭisaṅkhaṃ dhanasannicayaṃ dīnānāthādīnaṃ pariccajitvā vivekārāmo hutvā tāpasapabbajjaṃ pabbajitvā jhānābhiññāyo nibbattetvā viharanto – ‘‘siddhattho nāma buddho loke uppanno’’ti sutvā taṃ upasaṅkamitvā vanditvā tassa dhammakathaṃ sutvā yāya jambuyā ayaṃ jambudīpo paññāyati, iddhiyā taṃ jambuṃ upasaṅkamitvā tato phalaṃ āharitvā navutikoṭibhikkhuparivāraṃ siddhatthaṃ satthāraṃ surasenavihāre nisīdāpetvā jambuphalehi santappesi sampavāresi . Atha satthā taṃ phalaṃ paribhuñjitvā – ‘‘ito catunavutikappamatthake gotamo nāma buddho bhavissatī’’ti byākāsi. Tena vuttaṃ –
当时，我等未来佛在须萨城，名为摩诃罗婆罗门，通晓韦陀及韦陀学诸知识后，积聚无数财富，舍弃孤儿贫者，隐居安住，修习苦行，出家断欲，证得禅那通达诸神通，行住坐卧——闻说‘悉达多名佛出世于世’，即往供养，听闻其法。此乃称此洲为翳点洲，具神通力接近，采摘其果，九千八百万比库众随行，供养悉达多佛于须萨住处，以洲果调和佛心，广施开怀。佛享用此果后称：“此地四万九千里地，名为悉达多佛未来世住处。”如是说。
§8
8.
‘‘Ahaṃ tena samayena, maṅgalo nāma tāpaso;
‘‘彼时，我名摩诃罗婆修行者；
Uggatejo duppasaho, abhiññābalasamāhito.
猛火难耐苦行人，具足神通与正定。”
§9
9.
‘‘Jambuto phalamānetvā, siddhatthassa adāsahaṃ;
「我奉献了甘蔗果实，以此成就正果；
Paṭiggahetvā sambuddho, idaṃ vacanamabravi.
正觉者接受后，说出了这番话。
§10
10.
‘‘Passatha imaṃ tāpasaṃ, jaṭilaṃ uggatāpanaṃ;
「当观察这一行苦行者，即身披粗糙苦布、热炙难耐的苦行者；
Catunavutito kappe, ayaṃ buddho bhavissati.
四十九劫后，将有一佛出世。
§11
11.
‘‘Padhānaṃ padahitvāna…pe… hessāma sammukhā imaṃ.
「奋发努力之后……如是我等将亲近此事。」
§12
12.
‘‘Tassāpi vacanaṃ sutvā, bhiyyo cittaṃ pasādayiṃ;
「听闻其语后，心田更加安乐宁静。」
Uttariṃ vatamadhiṭṭhāsiṃ, dasapāramipūriyā’’ti.
至上者心念向上的，乃具足十种波罗蜜功德者。
Tattha duppasahoti durāsado. Ayameva vā pāṭho. Tassa pana bhagavato nagaraṃ vebhāraṃ nāma ahosi. Udeno nāma rājā pitā, jayasenotipi tasseva nāmaṃ, suphassā nāma mātā, sambalo ca sumitto ca dve aggasāvakā, revato nāmupaṭṭhāko, sīvalā ca surāmā ca dve aggasāvikā, kaṇikārarukkho bodhi, sarīraṃ saṭṭhihatthubbedhaṃ ahosi. Vassasatasahassaṃ āyu, somanassā nāma aggamahesī ahosi, anupamo nāma putto, suvaṇṇasivikāya nikkhami. Tena vuttaṃ –
于此处甚难为事且难以克服。这正是段经文。彼时世尊所在的城邑名为韦波罗。国王名为乌笛诺，父亲名为耶耶塞诺，同名者也，母名苏发沙，有两位大弟子名为桑巴罗与苏密多，护卫名为雷瓦多，女弟子名为悉伐罗和苏拉摩。菩提树名为甘尼迦罗，遗体长达六丈宽二尺。王寿一百千岁，后妃名为苏摩难莎，有一子名为阿奴帕摩，随同出家自金剃衣。故有偈曰——
§13
13.
‘‘Vebhāraṃ nāma nagaraṃ, udeno nāma khattiyo;
韦波罗名为城邑，乌笛诺名为勇士；
Suphassā nāma janikā, siddhitthassa mahesino.
苏发沙名为母亲，悉达多尊者之母亲。
§18
18.
‘‘Sambalo ca sumitto ca, ahesuṃ aggasāvakā;
桑巴罗与苏密多，皆成为大弟子；
Revato nāmupaṭṭhāko, siddhatthassa mahesino.
雷瓦多名为护卫，悉达多尊者之护卫。
§19
19.
‘‘Sīvalā ca surāmā ca, ahesuṃ aggasāvikā;
释迦摩尼世尊最初的两个主要弟子为悉伐罗与苏罗摩，他们皆为顶尖的比库。
Bodhi tassa bhagavato, kaṇikāroti vuccati.
世尊成道时，此最初弟子被称为『以指针为喻者』。
§21
21.
‘‘So buddho saṭṭhiratanaṃ, ahosi nabhamuggato;
那位世尊是世间的六宝，屹立于诸天之上；
Kañcanagghiyasaṅkāso, dasasahassī virocati.
身如金刚坚固，威光显耀，光辉照耀如拥有一万之数。
§22
22.
‘‘Sopi buddho asamasamo, atulo appaṭipuggalo;
那位世尊无人能及，卓绝无比，是不可比拟的唯一圣人；
Vassasatasahassāni, loke aṭṭhāsi cakkhumā.
历经千年万载，仍是这世间的明眼之王。
§23
23.
‘‘Vipulaṃ pabhaṃ dassayitvā, pupphāpetvāna sāvake;
他显现广博光明，令弟子们欢喜，
Vilāsetvā samāpatyā, nibbuto so sasāvako’’ti.
逗留嬉戏，终达涅槃，那个弟子已寂灭无余。
Tattha saṭṭhiratananti saṭṭhiratanappamāṇaṃ nabhaṃ uggatoti attho. Kañcanagghiyasaṅkāsoti nānāratanavicittakanakamayaagghiyasadisadassanoti attho. Dasasahassī virocatīti dasasahassiyaṃ virocati. Vipulanti uḷāraṃ obhāsaṃ. Pupphāpetvānāti jhānābhiññāmaggaphalasamāpattipupphehi pupphite paramasobhaggappatte katvāti attho. Vilāsetvāti vilāsayitvā kīḷitvā. Samāpatyāti lokiyalokuttarāhi samāpattīhi abhiññāhi ca. Nibbutoti anupādāparinibbānena nibbuto.
其中“六种宝”指的，就是天际广大无边的宝光。所谓“金刚石”等，是指各种宝石的璀璨光辉与坚固质地。十万宝光的“显现”，即展现出十万倍的光彩。‘广博’是指极其耀眼明亮。‘开花’乃是说凭借禅那与神通所成就的开花果实而绽放最殊胜的光辉。‘嬉戏’指的是嬉闹娱乐。‘终达’即在世间及出世间各种成就与神通已成就。‘寂灭’则是指不执着而圆满涅槃。
Siddhattho kira satthā kañcanaveḷunagare anomuyyāne parinibbāyi. Tatthevassa ratanamayaṃ catuyojanubbedhaṃ cetiyamakaṃsūti. Sesagāthāsu sabbattha pākaṭamevāti.
据说正觉师于金刚石城安守苑中圆寂，那里有金色宝石铺成的四由旬长的宝塔。后续诗偈皆是明确讲述此事。
Siddhatthabuddhavaṃsavaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā. · 悉达多佛史解释已完成。
Niṭṭhito soḷasamo buddhavaṃso. · 第十六佛史已完成。