17. Dhammadassībuddhavaṃso · 17. 达玛达西佛史义注
16. Atthadassībuddhavaṃsavaṇṇanā十六、阿塔达西佛种姓注释
Piyadassimhi sammāsambuddhe parinibbute tassa sāsane ca antarahite parihāyitvā vaḍḍhitvā aparimitāyukesu manussesu anukkamena parihāyitvā vassasatasahassāyukesu jātesu paramatthadassī atthadassī nāma buddho loke uppajji. So pāramiyo pūretvā tusitapure nibbattitvā tato cavitvā paramasobhane sobhane nāma nagare sāgarassa nāma rañño kule aggamahesiyā sudassanadeviyā kucchismiṃ paṭisandhiṃ gahetvā dasa māse gabbhe vasitvā sucindhanuyyāne mātukucchito nikkhami. Mātukucchito mahāpurise nikkhantamatte sucirakālanihitāni kulaparamparāgatāni mahānidhānāni dhanasāmikā paṭilabhiṃsūti tassa nāmaggahaṇadivase ‘‘atthadassī’’ti nāmamakaṃsu. So dasavassasahassāni agāraṃ ajjhāvasi. Amaragiri-suragiri-girivāhananāmakā paramasurabhijanakā tayo cassa pāsādā ahesuṃ. Visākhādevippamukhāni tettiṃsa itthisahassāni ahesuṃ.
在受人爱护的正自觉者世尊果德玛涅槃之后，于其教法已无间断、不废不坏而增广的情况下，降临在人间寿命无量的众生中。此世尊是洞悉究竟真实、显现正法道理者。此世尊圆满了波罗蜜多，生于忉利天，于天界寿终后辞世，转生于极美妙、美丽的名为苏迦拉的王宫内，母亲为此地的第一皇后苏达萨那。世尊以十个月胎孕，胎中寄居清净花园之中，出世于清净花园。出世后被尊为伟人，承继久远世系，得大财产且富有田产。其出生之日名曰『显法者』。世尊住在宫中长达一万年。其宫殿名曰阿摩罗迦利山、苏罗迦利山和吉罗婆那山，皆是芬芳香气极盛之所。宫中有维萨迦女神为首，有三万名女弟子侍奉。
So cattāri nimittāni disvā visākhādeviyā selakumāre nāma putte uppanne sudassanaṃ nāma assarājaṃ abhiruhitvā mahābhinikkhamanaṃ nikkhamitvā pabbaji. Taṃ nava manussakoṭiyo anupabbajiṃsu. Tehi parivuto so mahāpuriso aṭṭha māse padhānacariyaṃ caritvā visākhapuṇṇamāya sucindharanāgiyā upahāratthāya ānītaṃ madhupāyāsaṃ mahājanena sandissamānasabbasarīrāya nāgiyā saha suvaṇṇapātiyā dinnaṃ madhupāyāsaṃ paribhuñjitvā taruṇatarusatasamalaṅkate taruṇasālavane divāvihāraṃ vītināmetvā sāyanhasamaye dhammarucinā mahārucinā nāma nāgarājena dinnā aṭṭha kusatiṇamuṭṭhiyo gahetvā campakabodhiṃ upasaṅkamitvā tepaññāsahatthāyāmavitthataṃ kusatiṇasantharaṃ santharitvā pallaṅkaṃ ābhujitvā sambodhiṃ patvā sabbabuddhāciṇṇaṃ – ‘‘anekajātisaṃsāraṃ…pe… taṇhānaṃ khayamajjhagā’’ti udānaṃ udānetvā sattasattāhaṃ bodhisamīpeyeva vītināmetvā brahmuno dhammadesanāyācanaṃ sampaṭicchitvā attanā saha pabbajitanavabhikkhukoṭiyo ariyadhammapaṭivedhasamatthe disvā ākāsena gantvā anomanagarasamīpe anomuyyāne otaritvā tehi parivuto tattha dhammacakkaṃ pavattesi. Tadā koṭisatasahassānaṃ paṭhamo dhammābhisamayo ahosi.
世尊见到了四个征象，维萨迦女神生了名为塞拉库马拉的儿子。苏达萨那生下的世尊，登上王位，被称苏达萨那王。大出家行者出家后，有九千万凡夫出家随从。由这些随从包围，世尊八个月苦修实行正勤，于维萨迦满月日，为清净花园的龙王献上蜜糖稻米粥，此粥由众多人和龙王以黄金容器奉献。世尊享用蜜糖稻米粥后，夜晚在茂盛的桃花林中修禅定，称为维提那禅林。入定后，由有大法喜的大城龙王赐予八条蓆毯，世尊得以舒展八肢，以莲花菩提树为靠枕，安稳地达至无上正觉。成道时，诵唱起『众生历经诸多世间轮回……渴望之灭已至……』的偈语。世尊在正觉近旁盘坐七七四十九天，后请求梵天前来听法，梵天应请而至。世尊见到随他出家的僧众达数千万，向他们宣说圣法，通过神通来回到阿诺曼迦拉附近阿诺木禅林，在那里开讲转法轮。那时，第一次圣法盛会在数千万有情中开演。
Puna bhagavati lokanāyake devalokacārikaṃ caritvā tattha dhammaṃ desente koṭisatasahassānaṃ dutiyo abhisamayo ahosi. Yadā pana bhagavā atthadassī amhākaṃ bhagavā viya kapilavatthupuraṃ sobhanapuraṃ pavisitvā dhammaṃ desesi, tadā koṭisatasahassānaṃ tatiyo dhammābhisamayo ahosi. Tena vuttaṃ –
后来，世尊这位世界领袖，周游天界示现教法，在那里第二次圣法盛会开演。当世尊成佛后，于咖比拉韦图城庄严之处宣讲正法时，第三次圣法盛会盛大举行。曾云——
§1
1.
‘‘Tattheva maṇḍakappamhi, atthadassī mahāyaso;
「在那佛陀的僧团中，显法者世尊具有至高威德；
Mahātamaṃ nihantvāna, patto sambodhimuttamaṃ.
除灭了最大烦恼，获得了无上正觉。」
§2
2.
‘‘Brahmunā yācito santo, dhammacakkaṃ pavattayi;
「被梵天所请，世尊宣转法轮。」
Amatena tappayī lokaṃ, dasasahassī sadevakaṃ.
以无上至乐满足世界，拥有一万位随侍天众。
§3
3.
‘‘Tassāpi lokanāthassa, ahesuṃ abhisamayā tayo;
“世尊的三次来临当中，也有这三种成办；
Koṭisatasahassānaṃ, paṭhamābhisamayo ahu.
第一种成办，乃是一亿千万众。
§4
4.
‘‘Yadā buddho atthadassī, carati devacārikaṃ;
“当如来示现正法时，游行于天界中，
Koṭisatasahassānaṃ, dutiyābhisamayo ahu.
第二种成办，是一亿千万众。
§5
5.
‘‘Punāparaṃ yadā buddho, desesi pitusantike;
“又当如来在父亲面前说法之时；
Koṭisatasahassānaṃ, tatiyābhisamayo ahū’’ti.
此时为三期中第三一次，第六千亿年。
Tattha tatthevāti tasmiññeva kappeti attho. Ettha pana varakappo ‘‘maṇḍakappo’’ti adhippeto. ‘‘Yasmiṃ kappe tayo buddhā nibbattanti, so kappo varakappo’’ti heṭṭhā padumuttarabuddhavaṃsavaṇṇanāyaṃ vutto. Tasmā varakappo idha ‘‘maṇḍakappo’’ti vutto. Nihantvānāti nihanitvā. Ayameva vā pāṭho. Santoti samāno. Amatenāti maggaphalādhigamāmatapānena. Tappayīti atappayi, pīṇesīti attho. Dasasahassīti dasasahassilokadhātuṃ. Devacārikanti devānaṃ vinayanatthaṃ devalokacārikanti attho.
『于彼彼处』者，即于同一劫中之义。此处所言之胜劫，乃指『曼陀咖劫』。如下文巴拉玛达拉佛族谱注释中所说：『凡一劫中有三位佛陀出世者，此劫即称为胜劫。』故此处胜劫称为『曼陀咖劫』。『击破』者，即击败之义，此亦为另一读法。『寂静』者，即平静安住之义。『以甘露』者，即以道果成就之甘露饮用之义。『令满足』者，即令其满足、令其欢喜之义。『万』者，即十千世界。『游历天界』者，即为引导天人而游历天界之义。
Sucandakanagare kira santo ca rājaputto upasanto ca purohitaputto tīsu vedesu sabbasamayantaresu ca sāramadisvā nagarassa catūsu dvāresu cattāro paṇḍite visārade ca manusse ṭhapesuṃ – ‘‘yaṃ pana tumhe paṇḍitaṃ samaṇaṃ vā brāhmaṇaṃ vā passatha suṇātha vā, taṃ amhākaṃ āgantvā ārocethā’’ti. Tena ca samayena atthadassī lokanātho sucandakanagaraṃ sampāpuṇi. Atha tehi niveditā purisā gantvā tesaṃ dasabalassa tatthāgamanaṃ paṭivedesuṃ. Tato te santopasantā tathāgatāgamanaṃ sutvā pahaṭṭhamānasā sahassaparivārā dasabalaṃ asamaṃ paccuggantvā abhivādetvā nimantetvā sattāhaṃ buddhappamukhassa saṅghassa asadisaṃ mahādānaṃ datvā sattame divase sakalanagaravāsīhi manussehi saddhiṃ dhammakathaṃ suṇiṃsu. Tasmiṃ kira divase aṭṭhanavutisahassāni ehibhikkhupabbajjāya pabbajitvā arahattaṃ pāpuṇiṃsu. Tāya parisāya majjhe bhagavā pātimokkhaṃ uddisi, so paṭhamo sannipāto ahosi.
据说在苏荼迦那城，有贤者、王子，及王所起司祭之子，三者皆通晓三种吠陀，深谙时代变迁之义，于城市四门皆安置四位博学善巧之人，令凡人皆可来问：『若汝等见闻贤者、沙门或婆罗门者，来我等处告知我辈。』当时，智慧显现的世尊来至苏荼迦那城。随后受告众人前往其所在处，见其有十位众力护卫。听闻如来到来，众人即生恭敬，迎接如来，七日内，给予与世尊僧团不等福田的大布施。第七日，城中所有人类及众生共同聆听佛法讲说。当天，有八万余人出家为比库，得证阿拉汉果。于此僧团中，世尊宣说戒律法本，为第一结集。
Yadā pana bhagavā attano puttassa selattherassa dhammaṃ desento aṭṭhāsītisahassāni pasādetvā ehibhikkhubhāvena pabbājetvā arahattaṃ pāpetvā pātimokkhaṃ uddisi, so dutiyo sannipāto ahosi. Puna mahāmaṅgalasamāgame māghapuṇṇamāyaṃ devamanussānaṃ dhammaṃ desento aṭṭhasattatisahassāni arahattaṃ pāpetvā pātimokkhaṃ uddisi, so tatiyo sannipāto ahosi. Tena vuttaṃ –
及至世尊开示法义于其子、长老塞拉，于八万余比库中弘法，使得阿拉汉，此时宣示戒律，为第二次结集。又于大吉祥会，正月满月日，向天人与人宣说佛法，令八万七千人得阿拉汉果，并宣说戒律，此为第三次结集。此后有言：
§6
6.
‘‘Sannipātā tayo āsuṃ, tassāpi ca mahesino;
三次结集已成，及经义最上者。
Khīṇāsavānaṃ vimalānaṃ, santacittāna tādinaṃ.
为断一切烦恼者，心清净者，安乐者之会。
§7
7.
‘‘Aṭṭhanavutisahassānaṃ, paṭhamo āsi samāgamo;
“八万九千人，第一次聚会出现；
Aṭṭhāsītisahassānaṃ, dutiyo āsi samāgamo.
八万八千人，第二次聚会出现。”
§8
8.
‘‘Aṭṭhasattatisahassānaṃ, tatiyo āsi samāgamo;
“八万七千人，第三次聚会出现；
Anupādā vimuttānaṃ, vimalānaṃ mahesina’’nti.
是那些已无所恋着、清净的阿拉汉。”
Tadā kira amhākaṃ bodhisatto campakanagare susīmo nāma brāhmaṇamahāsālo lokasammato ahosi. So sabbavibhavajātaṃ dīnānāthakapaṇaddhikādīnaṃ vissajjetvā himavantasamīpaṃ gantvā tāpasapabbajjaṃ pabbajitvā aṭṭha samāpattiyo pañca abhiññāyo ca nibbattetvā mahiddhiko mahānubhāvo hutvā mahājanassa kusalākusalānaṃ dhammānaṃ anavajjasāvajjabhāvañca dassetvā buddhuppādaṃ āgamayamāno aṭṭhāsi.
当时，我等的菩萨在樱花城，名唤苏悉摩，为世人所尊敬的大婆罗门。彼时，他放弃了一切财富——包括贫困者的接济以及各类珍宝，前往喜马拉雅山近旁，依止苦行而出家。由八种禅定与五种神通的圆满成就，成为具有大神力与大威德的伟大尊者，并向大众示现善恶法的无瑕与无垢之性，启示佛陀的降生之因，并于彼时现身于世间。
Athāparena samayena atthadassimhi lokanāyake loke uppajjitvā sudassanamahānagare aṭṭhannaṃ parisānaṃ majjhe dhammāmatavassaṃ vassente tassa dhammaṃ sutvā saggalokaṃ gantvā dibbāni mandāravapadumapāricchattakādīni pupphāni devalokato āharitvā attano ānubhāvaṃ dassento dissamānasarīro catūsu disāsu catuddīpikamahāmegho viya pupphavassaṃ vassetvā samantato pupphamaṇḍapaṃ pupphamayagghitoraṇahemajālādīni pupphamayāni katvā mandāravapupphacchattena dasabalaṃ pūjesi. Sopi naṃ bhagavā – ‘‘anāgate gotamo nāma buddho bhavissatī’’ti byākāsi. Tena vuttaṃ –
及至另一个时期，在世界的主宰出现之时，于美好大城苏达萨那的八十二位众会之中，他以法的权威栖居。其闻法后，往往游诸天界，采集天界的曼陀罗花、莲花及遮盖物等花朵，以显现自身威力。显现之身如四方云灯，如花雨洒落，布满四方。于四周营造花座、花帐、花棚与金幢等花制品，以曼陀罗花幔覆盖，供养十方强力者。世尊亦曾为其说：“未来将生者，名为果德玛佛。”对此有所宣说。
§9
9.
‘‘Ahaṃ tena samayena, jaṭilo uggatāpano;
“于彼时，有一位名为贾提罗的苦行士，身体瘦削、严热难耐；
Susīmo nāma nāmena, mahiyā seṭṭhasammato.
他名为苏悉摩，世间公认其品行最为高尚。”
§10
10.
‘‘Dibbaṃ mandāravaṃ pupphaṃ, padumaṃ pāricchattakaṃ;
“有一种仙花，名为曼陀罗华，莲花状、像伞盖般展开；
Devalokā haritvāna, sambuddhamabhipūjayiṃ.
天界众天人摘取此花，恭敬供养如来。”
§11
11.
‘‘Sopi maṃ buddho byākāsi, atthadassī mahāmuni;
“如来世尊也曾对我宣说——这位大圣、了义者，
Aṭṭhārase kappasate, ayaṃ buddho bhavissati.
将在十八亿劫之后再现为这未来佛。”
§12
12.
‘‘Padhānaṃ padahitvāna…pe… hessāma sammukhā imaṃ.
『努力』者，谓心坚定勤勉，克服一切障碍，努力奋发，以断除烦恼为目标，必将成就正趣。
§13
13.
‘‘Tassāpi vacanaṃ sutvā, haṭṭho saṃviggamānaso;
听闻此语时，精神愤怒心乱，忧惧不安而震惊。
Uttariṃ vatamadhiṭṭhāsiṃ, dasapāramipūriyā’’ti.
遂心向上，不退转，完成十种波罗蜜。
Tattha jaṭiloti jaṭā assa atthīti jaṭilo. Mahiyā seṭṭhasammatoti sakalenapi lokena seṭṭho uttamo pavaroti evaṃ sammato sambhāvitoti attho.
此处『难解』者，谓『难以断除烦恼』，亦即『困难』。『世间最尊最胜者』者，即一切众生公认尊崇最高最优者，是为此义。
Tassa pana bhagavato sobhanaṃ nāma nagaraṃ ahosi. Sāgaro nāma rājā pitā, sudassanā nāma mātā, santo upasanto ca dve aggasāvakā, abhayo nāmupaṭṭhāko, dhammā ca sudhammā ca dve aggasāvikā, campakarukkho bodhi, sarīraṃ asītihatthubbedhaṃ ahosi. Sarīrappabhā samantato sabbakālaṃ yojanamattaṃ pharitvā aṭṭhāsi, āyu vassasatasahassaṃ, visākhā nāmassa aggamahesī, selo nāma putto, assayānena nikkhami. Tena vuttaṃ –
当时世尊有一美丽城名为颂般那。王名曰佐嘎罗，父亲王，母亲名苏达撒那，有两位顶首弟子萨难陀与拔难陀，护卫名无畏，有两位顶首尼众贤士，名善法与清法，菩提树名樗木，尸身长达七十肘，尸体光辉常绕一由旬，寿命一万劫，女王名维萨迦，子名舍囉，赞赞谈繁辞技艺出众。由此可知——
§14
14.
‘‘Sobhanaṃ nāma nagaraṃ, sāgaro nāma khattiyo;
『颂般那』城，佐嘎罗王族者。
Sudassanā nāma janikā, atthadassissa satthuno.
名为苏达萨那者，为善见尊师之母。
§19
19.
‘‘Santo ca upasanto ca, ahesuṃ aggasāvakā;
「圣者与安隐者，乃为首席弟子；
Abhayo nāmupaṭṭhāko, atthadassissa satthuno.
名为无畏者，善见尊师之护持者。
§20
20.
‘‘Dhammā ceva sudhammā ca, ahesuṃ aggasāvikā;
法者与正法，乃为首席随从；
Bodhi tassa bhagavato, campakoti pavuccati.
其觉者世尊，即称为樗槛树。
§22
22.
‘‘Sopi buddho asamasamo, asītihatthamuggato;
彼佛亦无与伦比，如无双手达者。
Sobhate sālarājāva, uḷurājāva pūrito.
沙罗王树华美灿烂，乃至乌榴树亦已遍满枝叶。
§23
23.
‘‘Tassa pākatikā raṃsī, anekasatakoṭiyo;
其枝条如箭羽般延展，数以千万亿计；
Uddhaṃ adho dasa disā, pharanti yojanaṃ sadā.
向上向下覆盖诸方十方，常年发育延展远达数由旬。
§24
24.
‘‘Sopi buddho narāsabho, sabbasattuttamo muni;
正如佛陀，众生之尊，诸圣之上，伟大圣者；
Vassasatasahassāni, loke aṭṭhāsi cakkhumā.
历经万千年岁，世间具足智慧明眼者。
§25
25.
‘‘Atulaṃ dassetvā obhāsaṃ, virocetvā sadevake;
其光辉无比昭示，普照于众生天神之间；
Sopi aniccataṃ patto, yathaggupādānasaṅkhayā’’ti.
彼亦达于无常，随执取之消尽而趋于最上。
Tattha uḷurājāva pūritoti saradasamayaparipuṇṇavimalasakalamaṇḍalo tārakarājā viyāti attho. Pākatikāti pakativasena uppajjamānā, na adhiṭṭhānavasena. Yadā icchati bhagavā, tadā anekakoṭisatasahassepi cakkavāḷe ābhāya phareyya. Raṃsīti rasmiyo. Upādānasaṅkhayāti upādānakkhayā indhanakkhayā aggi viya. Sopi bhagavā catunnaṃ upādānānaṃ khayena anupādisesāya nibbānadhātuyā anupamanagare anomārāme parinibbāyi. Dhātuyo panassa adhiṭṭhānena vikiriṃsu. Sesamettha gāthāsu uttānamevāti.
此中『Tattha uḷurājāva pūritoti』，义为『此处如满月辉光璀璨的宝石圆盘犹如天帝星王』。『Pākatikāti』是指出现如景象层层发生之意，而非固定不变之境。譬如当世尊意欲时，即有无数千万数以亿计的世界，犹如大轮转扬布光华。『Raṃsīti rasmiyo』即“光线”。『Upādānasaṅkhayāti upādānakkhayā indhanakkhayā aggi viya』，义为「取尽之尽，如同燃料尽灭的火灭尽」。因此，世尊也因四取蕴灭除，而得无余涅槃之境，终于安逸无过的阿诺玛林。能此五蕴，以其固执执著而放散光辉。此处余下的诗句，应仅为赞颂其卓越之颂辞。
Atthadassībuddhavaṃsavaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā. · 阿塔达西佛种姓注释终了。
Niṭṭhito cuddasamo buddhavaṃso. · 第十四佛种姓终了。