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56. Yasavaggo · 56. 亚萨品义注

109 段 · CSCD 巴利原典
56. Yasavaggo五十六 耶舍品
1. Yasattheraapadānavaṇṇanā一 耶舍长老譬喻注释
Chappaññāsame vagge paṭhamāpadāne mahāsamuddaṃ oggayhātiādikaṃ āyasmato yasattherassa apadānaṃ. Ayampi purimabuddhesu katādhikāro tattha tattha bhave vivaṭṭūpanissayāni puññāni upacinanto sumedhassa bhagavato kāle mahānubhāvo nāgarājā hutvā buddhappamukhaṃ bhikkhusaṅghaṃ attano bhavanaṃ netvā mahādānaṃ pavattesi, bhagavantaṃ mahagghena ticīvarena acchādesi, ekekañca bhikkhuṃ mahaggheneva paccekadussayugena sabbena ca samaṇaparikkhārena. So tena puññakammena devamanussesu saṃsaranto siddhatthassa bhagavato kāle seṭṭhiputto hutvā mahābodhimaṇḍalaṃ sattahi ratanehi pūjesi. Kassapassa bhagavato kāle sāsane pabbajitvā samaṇadhammaṃ akāsi. Evaṃ so sugatīsuyeva saṃsaranto amhākaṃ bhagavato kāle bārāṇasiyaṃ mahāvibhavassa seṭṭhino putto hutvā sujātāya bhagavato khīrapāyāsaṃ dinnāya seṭṭhidhītāya kucchimhi nibbatti, yaso nāma nāmena paramasukhumālo. Tassa tayo pāsādā honti – eko hemantiko, eko gimhiko, eko vassikoti. So vassike pāsāde vassike cattāro māse nippurisehi tūriyehi paricārayamāno vasati, heṭṭhāpāsādaṃ na otarati. Hemantike pāsāde cattāro māse suphusitavātapānakavāṭe tattheva paṭivasati. Gimhike pāsāde bahukavāṭavātapānajālāhi sampanne tattheva vasati. Hatthapādānaṃ sukhumālatāya bhūmiyaṃ nisajjādikiccaṃ natthi. Simbalitulādipuṇṇasabhāve attharitvā tattha upadhānāni kiccāni karoti. Evaṃ devaloke devakumāro viya pañcahi kāmaguṇehi samappitassa samaṅgībhūtassa paricārayamānassa paṭikacceva niddā okkami, parijanassāpi niddā okkami, sabbarattiyo ca telapadīpo jhāyati. Atha kho yaso kulaputto paṭikacceva pabujjhitvā addasa sakaṃ parijanaṃ supantaṃ aññissā kacche vīṇaṃ, aññissā kaṇṭhe mudiṅgaṃ, aññissā kacche āḷambaraṃ, aññaṃ vikesikaṃ, vikkheḷikaṃ, aññā vippalapantiyo hatthapattaṃ susānaṃ maññe, disvānassa ādīnavo pāturahosi, nibbidāya cittaṃ saṇṭhāsi. Atha kho yaso kulaputto udānaṃ udānesi – ‘‘upaddutaṃ vata bho, upassaṭṭhaṃ vata bho’’ti.
在《六智慧品》中第一世之行业传记,记载尊者耶舍长老的事迹。该传记亦曾多次在前佛中作证,论及生死轮回中不同境界的因缘与功德。正智明达的世尊时期,尊者曾化为众天中的龙王,护持佛陀和比库僧团,莅临住处,兴行大布施。尊者用一条大袈裟覆庇世尊,又以独特金钩绑袈裟,修满所有沙门的戒律之法。因这功德,尊者于天人及人间轮转,相继为大富豪的长子,尊重七宝装饰的大觉城。在咖萨巴世尊期间,他出家学道,修习沙门法。正智如来时,他转生为众所钦敬的王舍城富豪之子,随从世尊,因供养世尊乳粥及财富随喜而成名,名为极细腻。尊者的三座寓所分别名为冬宿、家舍、夏宿,冬宿住于轻风通透处,家舍住于多窗通风的宅内。地面细软如象脚草,无需其他家具,庭院如实用石斛、香草等植物供养。如此尊者如天子一般,具五欲功德安稳睡眠,醒时心常清净,夜以油灯明照。某夜他出声呼喊:「遭遇危险,令人忧惧」如是语。
Atha kho yaso kulaputto suvaṇṇapādukāyo ārohitvā yena nivesanadvāraṃ tenupasaṅkami, amanussā dvāraṃ vivariṃsu – ‘‘mā yasassa kulaputtassa koci antarāyamakāsi agārasmā anagāriyaṃ pabbajjāyā’’ti. Atha kho yaso kulaputto yena nagaradvāraṃ tenupasaṅkami, amanussā dvāraṃ vivariṃsu – ‘‘mā yasassa kulaputtassa koci antarāyamakāsi agārasmā anagāriyaṃ pabbajjāyā’’ti. Atha kho yaso kulaputto yena isipatanaṃ migadāyo tenupasaṅkami.
随后尊者穿上金色凉鞋,前往寝宫入口,门外非人类打开门户说:「不许尊者有任何障碍,自宅出家无碍。」尊者随后走向城门,非人类又开门言:「不许尊者有阻碍,自家出家无碍。」尊者遂往仙人堕处鹿野苑。
Tena kho pana samayena bhagavā rattiyā paccūsasamayaṃ paccuṭṭhāya ajjhokāse caṅkamati, addasā kho bhagavā yasaṃ kulaputtaṃ dūratova āgacchantaṃ, disvāna caṅkamā orohitvā paññatte āsane nisīdi. Atha kho yaso kulaputto bhagavato avidūre udānaṃ udānesi – ‘‘upaddutaṃ vata bho, upassaṭṭhaṃ vata bho’’ti. Atha kho bhagavā yasaṃ kulaputtaṃ etadavoca – ‘‘idaṃ kho, yasa, anupaddutaṃ, idaṃ anupassaṭṭhaṃ, ehi, yasa, nisīda, dhammaṃ te desessāmī’’ti. Atha kho yaso kulaputto, ‘‘idaṃ kira anupaddutaṃ, idaṃ anupassaṭṭha’’nti haṭṭho udaggo suvaṇṇapādukāhi orohitvā yena bhagavā tenupasaṅkami, upasaṅkamitvā bhagavantaṃ abhivādetvā ekamantaṃ nisīdi, ekamantaṃ nisinnassa kho yasassa kulaputtassa bhagavā anupubbiṃ kathaṃ kathesi, seyyathidaṃ, dānakathaṃ sīlakathaṃ saggakathaṃ kāmānaṃ ādīnavaṃ okāraṃ saṃkilesaṃ nekkhamme ānisaṃsaṃ pakāsesi. Yadā bhagavā aññāsi yasaṃ kulaputtaṃ kallacittaṃ muducittaṃ vinīvaraṇacittaṃ udaggacittaṃ pasannacittaṃ, atha yā buddhānaṃ sāmukkaṃsikā dhammadesanā, taṃ pakāsesi dukkhaṃ samudayaṃ nirodhaṃ maggaṃ. Seyyathāpi nāma suddhaṃ vatthaṃ apagatakāḷakaṃ sammadeva rajanaṃ paṭiggaṇheyya, evameva yasassa kulaputtassa tasmiṃyeva āsane virajaṃ vītamalaṃ dhammacakkhuṃ udapādi – ‘‘yaṃ kiñci samudayadhammaṃ, sabbaṃ taṃ nirodhadhamma’’nti.
当时,世尊夜半时分起身行走,他远远见到尊者正来,见状便下行至座,坐于规定座上。尊者远处对世尊呼喊:「遭遇危险,令人忧惧。」世尊言:「此非危险,此非令人忧惧,来此坐下,我将为你说法。」尊者答言:「此非危险,此非令人忧惧。」随即脱下金鞋上前,敬礼世尊而坐。世尊向尊者循序讲述,言说布施、持戒、天界、欲的恶害、烦恼、出离因缘。世尊了知尊者心纯净坚固、无染清雅,于三世诸佛正法,宣说苦、集、灭、道。如人识净布,净布不沾垢,尊者座上清净无染如法眼开现,宣说「一切诸苦集皆悉得灭」之理。
Atha kho yasassa kulaputtassa mātā pāsādaṃ abhiruhitvā yasaṃ kulaputtaṃ apassantī yena seṭṭhi gahapati tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā seṭṭhiṃ gahapatiṃ etadavoca – ‘‘putto te gahapati yaso na dissatī’’ti. Atha kho, seṭṭhi gahapati, catuddisā assadūte uyyojetvā sāmaṃyeva yena isipatanaṃ migadāyo tenupasaṅkami. Addasā kho, seṭṭhi gahapati, suvaṇṇapādukānaṃ nikkhepaṃ, disvāna taṃyeva anugamāsi. Addasā kho bhagavā seṭṭhiṃ gahapatiṃ dūratova āgacchantaṃ, disvāna bhagavato etadahosi – ‘‘yaṃnūnāhaṃ tathārūpaṃ iddhābhisaṅkhāraṃ abhisaṅkhareyyaṃ, yathā seṭṭhi gahapati idha nisinno idha nisinnaṃ yasaṃ kulaputtaṃ na passeyyā’’ti. Atha kho bhagavā tathārūpaṃ iddhābhisaṅkhāraṃ abhisaṅkharesi. Atha kho seṭṭhi gahapati yena bhagavā tenupasaṅkami ; upasaṅkamitvā bhagavantaṃ etadavoca – ‘‘api, bhante, bhagavā yasaṃ kulaputtaṃ passeyyā’’ti. Tena hi gahapati nisīda, appeva nāma idha nisinno idha nisinnaṃ yasaṃ kulaputtaṃ passeyyāsīti. Atha kho seṭṭhi gahapati ‘‘idheva kirāhaṃ nisinno idha nisinnaṃ yasaṃ kulaputtaṃ passissāmī’’ti haṭṭho udaggo bhagavantaṃ abhivādetvā ekamantaṃ nisīdi, ekamantaṃ nisinnassa kho seṭṭhissa gahapatissa bhagavā anupubbiṃ kathaṃ kathesi…pe… aparappaccayo atthu sāsane bhagavantaṃ etadavoca – ‘‘abhikkantaṃ bhante, abhikkantaṃ bhante, seyyathāpi , bhante, nikkujjitaṃ vā ukkujjeyya, paṭicchannaṃ vā vivareyya mūḷhassa vā maggaṃ ācikkheyya, andhakāre vā telapajjotaṃ dhāreyya ‘cakkhumanto rūpāni dakkhantī’ti, evamevaṃ bhagavatā anekapariyāyena dhammo pakāsito. Esāhaṃ, bhante, bhagavantaṃ saraṇaṃ gacchāmi dhammañca bhikkhusaṅghañca, upāsakaṃ maṃ bhagavā dhāretu ajjatagge pāṇupetaṃ saraṇaṃ gata’’nti. Sova loke paṭhamaṃ upāsako ahosi tevāciko.
当时尊者之母登楼见尊者不见,便向富豪丈夫言:「夫君,你的儿子你看不见。」富豪用四方使者齐往仙人堕处鹿野苑。见到尊者脱下金鞋,跟随其后。世尊也远远见到富豪,心想:「若我施展神通力,让富豪看不见正坐之尊者,实不可。」于是世尊运用神通。富豪前来问世尊:「果然能看见尊者否?」世尊答:「座上静坐,然尔可见。」富豪便坐定,世尊随即对富豪讲述前缘后事……并于经中赞叹出离道的重要性,教导覆蔽愚痴者,如何于黑暗中点灯,以智慧明照。富豪于世尊处皈依法、僧,成为世间第一近事男。
Atha kho yasassa kulaputtassa pituno dhamme desiyamāne yathādiṭṭhaṃ yathāviditaṃ bhūmiṃ paccavekkhantassa anupādāya āyavehi cittaṃ vimucci. Atha kho bhagavato etadahosi – ‘‘yasassa kho kulaputtassa pituno dhamme desiyamāne yathādiṭṭhaṃ yathāviditaṃ bhūmiṃ paccavekkhantassa anupādāya āsavehi cittaṃ vimuttaṃ, abhabbo kho yaso kulaputto hīnāyāvattitvā kāme paribhuñjituṃ, seyyathāpi pubbe agārikabhūto, yaṃnūnāhaṃ taṃ iddhābhisaṅkhāraṃ paṭippassambheyya’’nti. Atha kho bhagavā taṃ iddhābhisaṅkhāraṃ paṭippassambhesi. Addasā kho seṭṭhi gahapati yasaṃ kulaputtaṃ nisinnaṃ, disvāna yasaṃ kulaputtaṃ etadavoca – ‘‘mātā te tāta, yasa, paridevasokasamāpannā, dehi mātuyā jīvita’’nti. Atha kho yaso kulaputto bhagavantaṃ ullokesi. Atha kho bhagavā seṭṭhiṃ gahapatiṃ etadavoca – ‘‘taṃ kiṃ maññasi, gahapati, yassa sekkhena ñāṇena sekkhena dassanena dhammo diṭṭho vidito seyyathāpi tayā, tassa yathādiṭṭhaṃ yathāviditaṃ bhūmiṃ paccavekkhantassa anupādāya āsavehi cittaṃ vimuttaṃ, bhabbo nu kho so, gahapati, hīnāyāvattitvā kāme paribhuñjituṃ seyyathāpi pubbe agārikabhūto’’ti? ‘‘No hetaṃ, bhante’’. ‘‘Yasassa kho, gahapati, kulaputtassa sekkhena ñāṇena sekkhena dassanena dhammo diṭṭho vidito seyyathāpi tayā, tassa yathādiṭṭhaṃ yathāviditaṃ bhūmiṃ paccavekkhantassa anupādāya āsavehi cittaṃ vimuttaṃ, abhabbo kho, gahapati, yaso kulaputto hīnāyāvattitvā kāme paribhuñjituṃ seyyathāpi pubbe agārikabhūto’’ti. ‘‘Lābhā, bhante, yasassa kulaputtassa, suladdhaṃ, bhante, yasassa kulaputtassa , yathā yasassa kulaputtassa anupādāya āsavehi cittaṃ vimuttaṃ, adhivāsetu me, bhante bhagavā, ajjatanāya bhattaṃ yasena kulaputtena pacchāsamaṇenā’’ti . ‘‘Adhivāsesi bhagavā tuṇhībhāvena’’. Atha kho seṭṭhi gahapati , bhagavato adhivāsanaṃ viditvā uṭṭhāyāsanā bhagavantaṃ abhivādetvā padakkhiṇaṃ katvā pakkāmi. Atha kho yaso kulaputto acirapakkante seṭṭhimhi gahapatimhi bhagavantaṃ etadavoca – ‘‘labheyyāhaṃ, bhante, bhagavato santike pabbajjaṃ, labheyyaṃ upasampada’’nti. ‘‘Ehi bhikkhū’’ti bhagavā avoca – ‘‘svākkhāto dhammo, cara brahmacariyaṃ sammā dukkhassa antakiriyāyā’’ti, sāva tassa āyasmato upasampadā ahosi.
当时,尊者因闻父母之法,明了所见土地无所执着烦恼之理,心亦解脱。世尊告言:「尊者已见法、已得智慧,心离烦恼、无执者,不适于欲乐消受,犹如先前为凡夫时,吾若以神通力使其平静。」世尊遂施神通。富豪见尊者定坐,劝其母亲减轻忧愁,给予生机。尊者遥望世尊。世尊告富豪:「你如何看待修行精进、见闻清净者,心无执著,而自由自在地观察见闻,能否还像早先凡夫时消受欲乐?」富豪答:「不可。」世尊曰:「尊者已得清净智慧,见法明了,心解脱烦恼,不能再如凡夫般贪著欲乐。」富豪请求世尊收留尊者,世尊允诺独居隐处。富豪知之后,起身礼世尊而去。尊者不久向富豪请辞,求出家、得上座戒,世尊告之:「法已宣说,行清净生活,断除苦患。」因而尊者受具足戒。
§1
1. Arahā pana hutvā somanassajāto attano pubbacaritāpadānaṃ pakāsento mahāsamuddaṃ oggayhātiādimāha. Tattha samuddanti aṅgulimuddāya saṃ suṭṭhu dassetabbato samuddo, atha vā saṃ suṭṭhu udiyati khobhiyati pasodhiyati ghosanaṃ karonto āluḷiyatīti samuddo, mahanto ca so samuddo cāti mahāsamuddo, taṃ mahāsamuddaṃ. Oggayhāti ajjhogāhetvā abbhantaraṃ pavisitvā tassa mahāsamuddassa anto pavisitvā, sāmyatthe cetaṃ upayogavacananti daṭṭhabbaṃ. Bhavanaṃ me sumāpitanti ettha bhavanti nibbattanti nivasanti catūhi iriyāpathehi vāsaṃ kappenti etthāti bhavanaṃ, mayhaṃ taṃ bhavanaṃ taṃ vimānaṃ taṃ pāsādaṃ pañcapākārakūṭāgārehi saṃ suṭṭhu māpitaṃ nagaraṃ, attano balena suṭṭhu nimmitanti attho. Sunimmitā pokkharaṇīti sumahantā hutvā bhūtā itā gatā pavattā khaṇitā katāti pokkharaṇī, macchakacchapapupphapulinatitthamadhurodakādīhi suṭṭhu nibbattā nimmitāti attho. Cakkavākūpakūjitāti cakkavākakukkuṭahaṃsādīhi kūjitā ghositā nāditā sā pokkharaṇīti sambandho. Ito paraṃ nadīvanadvipadacatuppadapādapapakkhīnaṃ vaṇṇañca sumedhassa bhagavato dassanañca nimantetvā sumedhassa bhagavato dānakkamañca suviññeyyameva.
第一条 成为阿拉汉而生喜乐者,展现自己前世行业之传记,提及大海溢流。此处“大海”当明其本为用指头比划之水,后渐生概念谓之大海,波涛翻腾浊乱发声响声,此“大海”亦称为“广大海洋”。“溢流”谓向海中央冲入,至海底进入,或全面由此推究其义。诸般“住所”的意义在此,或为静止或活动而居住之处,意指我之居所、宫殿、楼阁,五重楼阁建造,规划完善,市镇之理想模型,乃自力建造。清凉之泉池大而宏伟,生生不息,池水上承众鸟之飞翔鸣叫,乃池之特征。越过河流、小岛、四方、堤岸、沿岸,此皆为尊者果德所见法义及布施事迹之引证。
Lokāhutipaṭiggahanti ettha loke āhuti lokāhuti, kāmarūpārūpasaṅkhātassa lokassa āhutiṃ pūjāsakkāraṃ paṭiggaṇhātīti lokāhutipaṭiggahaṃ, sumedhaṃ bhagavantanti attho. Sesaṃ byākaraṇadānañca arahattappattaphalañca suviññeyyamevāti.
『诸世受供养』谓在此世间,世间诸人供养,供养即为尊敬奉献于世间色形种种诸物之世间。此世间受供养者,称为『世受供养』,意为智慧明达的世尊。余下部分即为阐明文法义理及阿拉汉所证佛果,俱当精通。
Yasattheraapadānavaṇṇanā samattā. · 耶舍长老譬喻注释完毕。
2. Nadīkassapattheraapadānavaṇṇanā二 那提咖萨巴长老譬喻注释
Dutiyāpadāne padumuttarassa bhagavatotiādikaṃ āyasmato nadīkassapattherassa apadānaṃ. Ayampi purimabuddhesu katādhikāro tattha tattha bhave vivaṭṭūpanissayāni puññāni upacinanto padumuttarassa bhagavato kāle kulagehe nibbattitvā viññutaṃ patto ekadivasaṃ satthāraṃ piṇḍāya carantaṃ disvā pasannamānaso attanā ropitassa ambarukkhassa paṭhamuppannaṃ manosilāvaṇṇaṃ ekaṃ ambaphalaṃ adāsi. So tena puññakammena devamanussesu saṃsaranto imasmiṃ buddhuppāde magadharaṭṭhe brāhmaṇakule uruvelakassapassa bhātā hutvā nibbatto vayappatto nissaraṇajjhāsayatāya gharāvāsaṃ anicchanto tāpasapabbajjaṃ pabbajitvā tīhi tāpasasatehi saddhiṃ nerañjarāya nadiyā tīre assamaṃ māpetvā viharati. Nadītīre vasanato kassapagottatāya ca nadīkassapoti samaññā ahosi. Tassa bhagavā saparisassa ehibhikkhubhāvena upasampadaṃ adāsi. So bhagavato gayāsīse ādittapariyāya desanāya (mahāva. 54; saṃ. ni. 4.28) arahatte patiṭṭhāsi.
此谓《第二阿含经》中的《阿陀摩多经》序言,是长老那提迦萨尊者的传记赞词。此传记亦多见诸古佛时代,于各处藉重启佛法因缘,赞扬福德。记述世尊在古时父族之家出生,早斋修行得证,行乞一日,凭心喜悦,供养其初开果,基于此福德,生于诸天人中,出尘世安住,并以苦行比库身,与三百苦行者同在尼连禅河岸。彼于河畔安住,得称为迦萨族之那提迦萨。世尊授予彼僧侣比库的出家正式戒律。此比库由世尊于祇洹尊严处成立阿拉汉地。
Tatrāyaṃ anupubbikathā – satthā yasaṃ kulaputtaṃ pabbājetvā uruvelāyaṃ tayo bhātikajaṭile dametuṃ yena uruvelā tadavasari. Tena kho pana samayena uruvelāyaṃ tayo jaṭilā paṭivasanti uruvelakassapo nadīkassapo gayākassapoti, tesu uruvelakassapo jaṭilo pañcannaṃ jaṭilasatānaṃ nāyako hoti vināyako aggo pamukho pāmokkho, nadīkassapo jaṭilo tiṇṇaṃ jaṭilasatānaṃ nāyako hoti vināyako aggo pamukho pāmokkho, gayākassapo jaṭilo dvinnaṃ jaṭilasatānaṃ nāyako hoti vināyako aggo pamukho pāmokkho. Atha kho bhagavā yena uruvelakassapassa jaṭilassa assamo tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā uruvelakassapaṃ jaṭilaṃ etadavoca – ‘‘sace te, kassapa, agaru, vaseyyāma ekarattaṃ agyāgāre’’ti. Na kho me, mahāsamaṇa, garu, caṇḍettha nāgarājā iddhimā āsiviso ghoraviso, so taṃ mā viheṭhesīti. Dutiyampi kho bhagavā uruvelakassapaṃ jaṭilaṃ etadavoca…pe… tatiyampi…pe… so taṃ mā viheṭhesīti. Appeva maṃ na viheṭheyya, iṅgha tvaṃ, kassapa, anujānāhi agyāgāranti . Vihara, mahāsamaṇa, yathāsukhanti. Atha kho bhagavā agyāgāraṃ pavisitvā tiṇasanthārakaṃ paññapetvā nisīdi pallaṅkaṃ ābhujitvā ujuṃ kāyaṃ paṇidhāya parimukhaṃ satiṃ upaṭṭhapetvā.
此处为逐渐展开之说明——佛陀以父家子名义出家,为渡难渡三苦行者回至乌鲁维利时之因缘。于当时乌鲁维利有三苦行者同处,名为乌鲁维迦萨、那提迦萨及迦亚迦萨,皆为苦行之领袖,乃领袖或首领、引领众人之义。佛陀往诣乌鲁维利迦萨所在苦行处,告之若你,迦萨,应敬重我,同我共住一室。然迦萨谓吾不以尊敬接待,作无礼之状,称“吾恶之,不昔为尊者,土地之皇,威能雄猛者,非汝可逐也。”佛陀再三劝之,终不悦纳。佛陀遂谓“既然尔不悦,就在此处随意住。”佛陀入无上室,铺饰三片草席,席间坐定,身直背正,正念安住。
Addasā kho so nāgo bhagavantaṃ paviṭṭhaṃ, disvā dummano padhūpāyi. Atha kho bhagavato etadahosi – ‘‘yaṃnūnāhaṃ imassa nāgassa anupahacca chaviñca cammañca maṃsañca nhāruñca aṭṭhiñca aṭṭhimiñjañca tejasā tejaṃ pariyādiyeyya’’nti. Atha kho bhagavā tathārūpaṃ iddhābhisaṅkhāraṃ abhisaṅkharitvā padhūpāyi. Atha kho so nāgo makkhaṃ asahamāno pajjali. Bhagavāpi tejodhātuṃ samāpajjitvā pajjali. Ubhinnaṃ sajotibhūtānaṃ agyāgāraṃ ādittaṃ viya hoti sampajjalitaṃ sajotibhūtaṃ. Atha kho te jaṭilā agyāgāraṃ parivāretvā evamāhaṃsu – ‘‘abhirūpo vata, bho, mahāsamaṇo nāgena viheṭhiyatī’’ti. Atha kho bhagavā tassā rattiyā accayena tassa nāgassa anupahacca chaviñca cammañca maṃsañca nhāruñca aṭṭhiñca aṭṭhimiñjañca tejasā tejaṃ pariyādiyitvā patte pakkhipitvā uruvelakassapassa jaṭilassa dassesi – ‘‘ayaṃ te, kassapa, nāgo pariyādinno assa tejasā tejo’’ti. Atha kho uruvelakassapassa jaṭilassa etadahosi – ‘‘mahiddhiko kho mahāsamaṇo mahānubhāvo, yatra hi nāma caṇḍassa nāgarājassa iddhimato āsivisassa ghoravisassa tejasā tejaṃ pariyādiyissati, na tveva kho arahā yathā aha’’nti.
时有那伽(龙)见世尊入室,心生忿恨,起恶念。世尊自觉谓:“吾当以神通之力,火光环绕,灼照此龙之身、头、肉、骨、筋、骨髓,如火焰燃烧。”继用神通力促使火光熄起,龙焰亦因之熄灭。世尊光明与龙火同焰,炽炽燃烧。三苦行者围绕无上室,谓:“尊者真美,竟被龙所侵。”夜半时分,世尊灵光亦如火焰环绕,现身于迦萨诸苦行者前,告之“此龙乃为你,迦萨,火光护卫者。”迦萨苦行者谓:“此尊者大威德,大力量者。彼能以威能光明,压制凶猛龙王,威猛如是,非阿拉汉可为。”
‘‘Nerañjarāyaṃ bhagavā, uruvelakassapaṃ jaṭilaṃ avoca;
世尊告迦萨苦行者尼连禅河岸:
Sace te kassapa agaru, viharemu ajjaṇho aggisālamhī’’ti.
若迦萨尊者当敬重我,与我同住今日这火焰围绕的精舍中。”
‘‘Na kho me mahāsamaṇa garu, phāsukāmova taṃ nivāremi;
『大沙门,我并不尊敬你,恰如凭喜好斥逐那堕落者。』
Caṇḍettha nāgarājā, iddhimā āsiviso ghoraviso;
『凶猛之王,释迦族的君王,通达神通者,生杀厉害者,』
So taṃ mā viheṭhesī’’ti.
『他不会因你而激怒。』
‘‘Appeva maṃ na viheṭheyya, iṅgha tvaṃ kassapa anujānāhi agyāgāranti;
『他几乎从未激怒过我,你且听着,咖萨巴,允许我称你为愚钝之家属,』
Dinnanti naṃ viditvā, abhīto pāvisi bhayamatīto.
『众生见此并不知情,胆怯者惧怕进入,勇猛者反而闯入。』
‘‘Disvā isiṃ paviṭṭhaṃ, ahināgo dummano padhūpāyi;
『见一位沙门入室,那无害者,暴怒者,实施残忍暴虐者。』
Sumanamanaso adhimano, manussanāgopi tattha padhūpāyi.
『苏摩那玛那梭』者,富于神通智慧也,人中之龙亦于此得以清净自在。
‘‘Makkhañca asahamāno, ahināgo pāvakova pajjali;
『麦迦』者,不能忍耐者也,如同受火焰灼烧之夜叉;
Tejodhātusukusalo, manussanāgopi tattha pajjali.
燃烧色心火焰之能手,人中之龙亦于此燃烧。
‘‘Ubhinnaṃ sajotibhūtānaṃ,
二者俱成光明焰耀,
Agyāgāraṃ ādittaṃ hoti sampajjalitaṃ sajotibhūtaṃ;
不通达之所,火燃盛烈,光明焰耀普遍扩散;
Udicchare jaṭilā, abhirūpo vata bho mahāsamaṇo;
枝状复杂,壮丽无比,实为伟大行者也。
Nāgena viheṭhiyatīti bhaṇanti.
他人说,此人被龙所挑衅。
‘‘Atha tassā rattiyā accayena, hatā nāgassa acciyo honti;
当时那夜间,按颜色而言,被杀的龙有不同种类;
Iddhimato pana ṭhitā, anekavaṇṇā acciyo honti.
而此人虽具神通,仍有许多颜色各异的龙出没。
‘‘Nīlā atha lohitikā, mañjiṭṭhā pītakā phalikavaṇṇāyo;
有的蓝色,有的血红,还有精制的黄色和如叶色般的颜色;
Aṅgīrasassa kāye, anekavaṇṇā acciyo honti.
这些不同颜色的龙出现在火星婆罗门的身体上。
‘‘Pattamhi odahitvā, ahināgaṃ brāhmaṇassa dassesi;
他撕开草席,展示被杀的无牙龙给婆罗门看;
Ayaṃ te kassapa nāgo, pariyādinno assa tejasā tejo’’ti.
这就是你们的咖萨巴·那伽,他以自身的光辉明亮着。
Atha kho uruvelakassapo jaṭilo bhagavato iminā iddhipāṭihāriyena abhippasanno bhagavantaṃ etadavoca – ‘‘idheva, mahāsamaṇa, vihara, ahaṃ te dhuvabhattenā’’ti.
当时,乌鲁韦拉·咖萨巴·扎提罗对世尊怀着以神通变化为依止的渴求,对世尊说:「大沙门,请就在这里住下,我会为你准备干净可食的饭食。」
Paṭhamaṃ pāṭihāriyaṃ. · 第一神变。
Atha kho bhagavā uruvelakassapassa jaṭilassa assamassa avidūre aññatarasmiṃ vanasaṇḍe vihāsi. Atha kho cattāro mahārājāno abhikkantāya rattiyā abhikkantavaṇṇā kevalakappaṃ vanasaṇḍaṃ obhāsetvā yena bhagavā tenupasaṅkamiṃsu; upasaṅkamitvā bhagavantaṃ abhivādetvā catuddisā aṭṭhaṃsu seyyathāpi mahantā aggikkhandhā. Atha kho uruvelakassapo jaṭilo tassā rattiyā accayena yena bhagavā tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā bhagavantaṃ etadavoca – ‘‘kālo, mahāsamaṇa, niṭṭhitaṃ bhattaṃ, te nu kho te, mahāsamaṇa, abhikkantāya rattiyā abhikkantavaṇṇā kevalakappaṃ vanasaṇḍaṃ obhāsetvā yena tvaṃ tenupasaṅkamiṃsu; upasaṅkamitvā taṃ abhivādetvā catuddisā aṭṭhaṃsu seyyathāpi mahantā aggikkhandhā’’ti. Ete kho, kassapa, cattāro mahārājāno yenāhaṃ tenupasaṅkamiṃsu dhammassavanāyāti. Atha kho uruvelakassapassa jaṭilassa etadahosi – ‘‘mahiddhiko kho mahāsamaṇo mahānubhāvo, yatra hi nāma cattāropi mahārājāno upasaṅkamissanti dhammassavanāya, na tveva ca kho arahā yathā aha’’nti . Atha kho bhagavā uruvelakassapassa jaṭilassa bhattaṃ bhuñjitvā tasmiṃyeva vanasaṇḍe vihāsi.
于是世尊住在乌鲁韦拉·咖萨巴·扎提罗的森林深处。那时,有四位大王在漫漫长夜中驱赶着光明,照耀着整片森林,于是来到世尊面前,向世尊敬礼,绕四周围绕,呈现八个方向,宛如巨大的火团。乌鲁韦拉·咖萨巴·扎提罗于那夜后来到世尊前,向世尊说:「大沙门,时辰已到,饭食已备。那些大王曾在漫漫长夜中驱赶光明,照耀整个森林,因此他们来到您这里。我见他们向您敬礼,绕四周呈现八个方向,宛如巨大的火团。」咖萨巴,正是这四位大王来了听闻佛法。乌鲁韦拉·咖萨巴·扎提罗心中如此想:「大沙门确实威力广大且深德高尚,四位大王前来听闻佛法,阿拉汉中没有如他们这般者。」世尊用餐后,仍住在森林深处。
Dutiyaṃ pāṭihāriyaṃ. · 第二神变。
Atha kho sakko devānamindo abhikkantāya rattiyā abhikkantavaṇṇo kevalakappaṃ vanasaṇḍaṃ obhāsetvā yena bhagavā tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā bhagavantaṃ abhivādetvā ekamantaṃ aṭṭhāsi seyyathāpi mahāaggikkhandho purimāhi vaṇṇanibhāhi abhikkantataro ca paṇītataro ca. Atha kho uruvelakassapo jaṭilo tassā rattiyā accayena yena bhagavā tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā bhagavantaṃ etadavoca – ‘‘kālo, mahāsamaṇa, niṭṭhitaṃ bhattaṃ, ko nu kho so, mahāsamaṇa, abhikkantāya rattiyā abhikkantavaṇṇo kevalakappaṃ vanasaṇḍaṃ obhāsetvā yena tvaṃ tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā taṃ abhivādetvā ekamantaṃ aṭṭhāsi seyyathāpi mahāaggikkhandho purimāhi vaṇṇanibhāhi abhikkantataro ca paṇītataro cā’’ti. Eso kho, kassapa, sakko devānamindo yenāhaṃ tenupasaṅkami dhammassavanāyāti. Atha kho uruvelakassapassa jaṭilassa etadahosi – ‘‘mahiddhiko kho mahāsamaṇo mahānubhāvo, yatra hi nāma sakkopi devānamindo upasaṅkamissati dhammassavanāya, na tveva ca kho arahā yathā aha’’nti . Atha kho bhagavā uruvelakassapassa jaṭilassa bhattaṃ bhuñjitvā tasmiṃyeva vanasaṇḍe vihāsi.
那时,天帝萨咖亦于漫漫长夜中驱赶光明,照耀整片森林,来到佛陀前,向佛陀致敬,静静地站立端坐,宛如一团巨大的火焰,颜色比之前更鲜艳明净。乌鲁韦拉·咖萨巴·扎提罗于那夜后来到佛陀前,对佛陀说:「大沙门,时辰已至,饭食已备。是谁,天帝萨咖,曾在漫漫长夜中驱赶光明,照耀森林,因此来到您这里?我见他向您敬礼,静静地端坐,宛如一团巨大的火焰,颜色鲜艳,比之前更明净?」咖萨巴,正是天帝萨咖来也来听闻佛法。乌鲁韦拉·咖萨巴·扎提罗心中如此想:「大沙门确实威力广大,神德高尚,天帝萨咖亲自前来听闻佛法,没有阿拉汉能及。」世尊用餐后,仍住在森林深处。
Tatiyaṃ pāṭihāriyaṃ. · 第三神变。
Atha kho brahmā sahampati abhikkantāya rattiyā abhikkantavaṇṇo kevalakappaṃ vanasaṇḍaṃ obhāsetvā yena bhagavā tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā bhagavantaṃ abhivādetvā ekamantaṃ aṭṭhāsi seyyathāpi mahāaggikkhandho purimāhi vaṇṇanibhāhi abhikkantataro ca paṇītataro ca. Atha kho uruvelakassapo jaṭilo tassā rattiyā accayena yena bhagavā tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā bhagavantaṃ etadavoca – ‘‘kālo, mahāsamaṇa, niṭṭhitaṃ bhattaṃ, ko nu kho so, mahāsamaṇa, abhikkantāya rattiyā abhikkantavaṇṇo kevalakappaṃ vanasaṇḍaṃ obhāsetvā yena tvaṃ tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā taṃ abhivādetvā ekamantaṃ aṭṭhāsi seyyathāpi mahāaggikkhandho purimāhi vaṇṇanibhāhi abhikkantataro ca paṇītataro cā’’ti. Eso kho, kassapa, brahmā sahampati yenāhaṃ tenupasaṅkami dhammassavanāyāti. Atha kho uruvelakassapassa jaṭilassa etadahosi – ‘‘mahiddhiko kho mahāsamaṇo mahānubhāvo, yatra hi nāma brahmāpi sahampati upasaṅkamissati dhammassavanāya, na tveva ca kho arahā yathā aha’’nti. Atha kho bhagavā uruvelakassapassa jaṭilassa bhattaṃ bhuñjitvā tasmiṃyeva vanasaṇḍe vihāsi.
那时,梵天莎汉巴提于漫漫长夜中驱赶光明,照耀整片森林,来到世尊前,向世尊敬礼,端坐静立,宛如一团巨大的火焰,光彩鲜明,色泽胜过之前。乌鲁韦拉·咖萨巴·扎提罗于夜晚后来到世尊前,说:「大沙门,时辰已至,饭食已备。是谁,梵天莎汉巴提,也在漫漫长夜中驱赶光明,照耀森林,因此来到您这里?我看见他向您敬礼,端坐静立,宛如巨大的火焰,色彩鲜明且胜过先前。」咖萨巴,正是梵天莎汉巴提前来听闻佛法。咖萨巴心中如此想到:「大沙门果真威力广大,德望深厚,梵天莎汉巴提亲自来听了解法,没有阿拉汉达到他那般。」世尊进食后,仍住在森林深处。
Catutthaṃ pāṭihāriyaṃ. · 第四神变。
Tena kho pana samayena uruvelakassapassa jaṭilassa mahāyañño paccupaṭṭhito hoti, kevalakappā ca aṅgamagadhā pahūtaṃ khādanīyaṃ bhojanīyaṃ ādāya abhikkamitukāmā honti. Atha kho uruvelakassapassa jaṭilassa etadahosi – ‘‘etarahi kho me mahāyañño paccupaṭṭhito, kevalakappā ca aṅgamagadhā pahūtaṃ khādanīyaṃ bhojanīyaṃ ādāya abhikkamissanti, sace mahāsamaṇo mahājanakāye iddhipāṭihāriyaṃ karissati, mahāsamaṇassa lābhasakkāro abhivaḍḍhissati, mama lābhasakkāro parihāyissati, aho nūna mahāsamaṇo svātanāya nāgaccheyyā’’ti. Atha kho bhagavā uruvelakassapassa jaṭilassa cetasā cetoparivitakkamaññāya uttarakuruṃ gantvā tato piṇḍapātaṃ āharitvā anotattadahe paribhuñjitvā tattheva divāvihāraṃ akāsi. Atha kho uruvelakassapo jaṭilo tassā rattiyā accayena yena bhagavā tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā bhagavantaṃ etadavoca – ‘‘kālo, mahāsamaṇa, niṭṭhitaṃ bhattaṃ, kiṃ nu kho, mahāsamaṇa, hiyyo nāgamāsi, apica mayaṃ taṃ sarāma, ‘kiṃ nu kho mahāsamaṇo nāgacchatī’ti, khādanīyassa ca bhojanīyassa ca te paṭivīso ṭhapito’’ti. Nanu te, kassapa, etadahosi – ‘‘etarahi kho me mahāyañño paccupaṭṭhito kevalakappā ca aṅgamagadhā pahūtaṃ khādanīyaṃ bhojanīyaṃ ādāya abhikkamissanti, sace mahāsamaṇo mahājanakāye iddhipāṭihāriyaṃ karissati, mahāsamaṇassa lābhasakkāro abhivaḍḍhissati, mama lābhasakkāro parihāyissati, aho nūna mahāsamaṇo svātanāya nāgaccheyyā’’ti, so kho ahaṃ, kassapa, tava cetasā cetoparivitakkamaññāya uttarakuruṃ gantvā tato piṇḍapātaṃ āharitvā anotattadahe paribhuñjitvā tattheva divāvihāraṃ akāsinti. Atha kho uruvelakassapassa jaṭilassa etadahosi – ‘‘mahiddhiko kho mahāsamaṇo mahānubhāvo, yatra hi nāma cetasāpi cittaṃ pajānissati, na tveva ca kho arahā yathā aha’’nti. Atha kho bhagavā uruvelakassapassa jaṭilassa bhattaṃ bhuñjitvā tasmiṃyeva vanasaṇḍe vihāsi.
当时,乌鲁韦拉·咖萨巴·扎提罗正为盛大仪式做好准备,森林中遍布大量供品食物。他心生念想说:「此刻正当盛大仪式举行,森林中堆满食物,众多大王们欲出发。如果大沙门能施显神通,胜于众生,大沙门的威望必将增长,而我对大沙门的威望将减少,唉,愿大沙门自行离开这里。」于是世尊以心念洞察,心意深远,前往北方,之后托钵乞食,回到安然无火之地食用,然后就在此处白天停留。乌鲁韦拉·咖萨巴·扎提罗于那夜后来到世尊前,说:「大沙门,时辰已到,饭食已备。昨天曾有人来,且我等看到他们,由此产生疑问道:‘大沙门是否已经离去?’对于供养的饮食,各位大王已备而等待。」咖萨巴啊,他就是以你所念的心意,思维判断之后,前往北方,取到乞食,于无火之地食用,然後当日白天住处就在此。乌鲁韦拉·咖萨巴·扎提罗这样想到:「大沙门果真威力广大,德望深厚,心意洞察明了,没有阿拉汉能及。」世尊用饭后,仍住在森林深处。
Pañcamaṃ pāṭihāriyaṃ. · 第五神变。
Tena kho pana samayena bhagavato paṃsukūlaṃ uppannaṃ hoti. Atha kho bhagavato etadahosi – ‘‘kattha nu kho ahaṃ paṃsukūlaṃ dhoveyya’’nti? Atha kho sakko devānamindo bhagavato cetasā cetoparivitakkamaññāya pāṇinā pokkharaṇiṃ khaṇitvā bhagavantaṃ etadavoca – ‘‘idha, bhante bhagavā, paṃsukūlaṃ dhovatū’’ti. Atha kho bhagavato etadahosi – ‘‘kimhi nu kho ahaṃ paṃsukūlaṃ parimaddeyya’’nti? Atha kho sakko devānamindo bhagavato cetasā cetoparivitakkamaññāya mahatiṃ silaṃ upanikkhipi – ‘‘idha, bhante bhagavā, paṃsukūlaṃ parimaddatū’’ti. Atha kho bhagavato etadahosi – ‘‘kimhi nu kho ahaṃ ālambitvā uttareyya’’nti? Atha kho kakudhe adhivatthā devatā bhagavato cetasā cetoparivitakkamaññāya sākhaṃ onāmesi – ‘‘idha, bhante bhagavā, ālambitvā uttaratū’’ti. Atha kho bhagavato etadahosi – ‘‘kimhi nu kho ahaṃ paṃsukūlaṃ vissajjeyya’’nti? Atha kho sakko devānamindo bhagavato cetasā cetoparivitakkamaññāya mahatiṃ silaṃ upanikkhipi – ‘‘idha, bhante bhagavā, paṃsukūlaṃ vissajjetū’’ti. Atha kho uruvelakassapo jaṭilo tassā rattiyā accayena yena bhagavā tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā bhagavantaṃ etadavoca – ‘‘kālo, mahāsamaṇa, niṭṭhitaṃ bhattaṃ, kiṃ nu kho, mahāsamaṇa, nāyaṃ pubbe idha pokkharaṇī sāyaṃ idha pokkharaṇī, nayimā silā pubbe upanikkhittā, kenimā silā upanikkhittā, nayimassa kakudhassa pubbe sākhā onatā, sāyaṃ sākhā onatā’’ti? Idha me, kassapa, paṃsukūlaṃ uppannaṃ ahosi, tassa mayhaṃ, kassapa, etadahosi – ‘‘kattha nu kho ahaṃ paṃsukūlaṃ dhoveyya’’nti? Atha kho, kassapa, sakko devānamindo mama cetasā cetoparivitakkamaññāya pāṇinā pokkharaṇiṃ khaṇitvā maṃ etadavoca – ‘‘idha, bhante bhagavā, paṃsukūlaṃ dhovatū’’ti. Sāyaṃ, kassapa, amanussena pāṇinā khaṇitā pokkharaṇī. Tassa mayhaṃ, kassapa, etadahosi – ‘‘kimhi nu kho ahaṃ paṃsukūlaṃ parimaddeyya’’nti? Atha kho, kassapa, sakko devānamindo mama cetasā cetoparivitakkamaññāya mahatiṃ silaṃ upanikkhipi – ‘‘idha, bhante bhagavā, paṃsukūlaṃ parimaddatū’’ti? Sāyaṃ, kassapa, amanussena upanikkhittā silā. Tassa mayhaṃ, kassapa, etadahosi – ‘‘kimhi nu kho ahaṃ ālambitvā uttareyya’’nti? Atha kho, kassapa, kakudhe adhivatthā devatā mama cetasā cetoparivitakkamaññāya sākhaṃ onāmesi – ‘‘idha, bhante bhagavā, ālambitvā uttaratū’’ti? Svāyaṃ āharahattho kakudho. Tassa mayhaṃ, kassapa, etadahosi – ‘‘kimhi nu kho ahaṃ paṃsukūlaṃ vissajjeyya’’nti? Atha kho, kassapa, sakko devānamindo mama cetasā cetoparivitakkamaññāya mahatiṃ silaṃ upanikkhipi – ‘‘idha, bhante bhagavā, paṃsukūlaṃ vissajjetū’’ti? Sāyaṃ, kassapa, amanussena upanikkhittā silāti. Atha kho uruvelakassapassa etadahosi – ‘‘mahiddhiko mahāsamaṇo mahānubhāvo , yatra hi nāma sakkopi devānamindo veyyāvaccaṃ karissati, na tveva ca kho arahā yathā aha’’nti. Atha kho bhagavā uruvelakassapassa jaṭilassa bhattaṃ bhuñjitvā tasmiṃyeva vanasaṇḍe vihāsi.
当时,世尊的尘堆衣破旧了。于是,世尊心中生起念头:‘我应当在哪里洗涤尘堆衣呢?’此时,萨咖天帝以念头环绕其心,托手挖掘池塘,对世尊说:‘尊者,您应在此洗涤尘堆衣。’世尊又生念:‘我应当用什么浸润尘堆衣呢?’萨咖天帝以念头环绕其心,放下一块大石,说:‘尊者,应当用此浸润尘堆衣。’世尊复思:‘我应当倚靠什么晾晒尘堆衣呢?’此时,有天神撑起树枝,以念头环绕心,搭成支架:“尊者,应当在此倚靠晾晒尘堆衣。”世尊又念:‘我应当用什么弃置尘堆衣呢?’萨咖天帝以念头环绕心,放下一块大石,说:“尊者,应当在此处弃置尘堆衣。”当时,乌鲁韦拉咖萨巴尊者——丛林苦行者,于夜晚恰逢世尊到来,前来问讯:“尊大的沙门,时候已到,食事结束。甚么因缘,这里早晚的池塘不同?这石头是先放置的,还是此处树枝是先竖起的?”当时,我,咖萨巴,尘堆衣破旧了,因此我生起念头:‘应当在哪里洗涤尘堆衣?’此后,萨咖天帝以念头环绕我心,托手挖池塘,对我说:“尊者,应当在此洗涤尘堆衣。”这池塘是被非人之手挖掘的。随后,我又念:‘应当用什么浸润尘堆衣?’萨咖天帝以念头环绕我心,大石放下,说:“尊者,应当用此大石浸润尘堆衣。”这块石头是被非人安置的。我又思念:‘应当倚靠什么晾晒尘堆衣?’有天神搭起树枝,以念头环绕我心,说:“尊者,应当在此支架倚靠晾晒尘堆衣。”此支架是天神亲手搭建的。我又念:‘应当用什么弃置尘堆衣?’萨咖天帝以念头环绕我心,大石放下,说:“尊者,应当在此弃置尘堆衣。”这石头是被非人安置的。乌鲁韦拉咖萨巴尊者说:‘大沙门,大神德者,当真如是:乃至连萨咖天帝为我造福时,尚不能如我一般成为阿拉汉。’此后,世尊与乌鲁韦拉咖萨巴尊者共进饭食,食毕在林中住止。
Atha kho uruvelakassapo jaṭilo tassā rattiyā accayena yena bhagavā tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā bhagavato kālaṃ ārocesi – ‘‘kālo, mahāsamaṇa, niṭṭhitaṃ bhatta’’nti. ‘‘Gaccha tvaṃ, kassapa, āyāmaha’’nti uruvelakassapaṃ jaṭilaṃ uyyojetvā yāya jambuyā jambudīpo paññāyati, tato phalaṃ gahetvā paṭhamataraṃ āgantvā agyāgāre nisīdi. Addasā kho uruvelakassapo jaṭilo bhagavantaṃ agyāgāre nisinnaṃ, disvāna bhagavantaṃ etadavoca – ‘‘katamena tvaṃ, mahāsamaṇa, maggena āgato, ahaṃ tayā paṭhamataraṃ pakkanto, so tvaṃ paṭhamataraṃ āgantvā agyāgāre nisinno’’ti? ‘‘Idhāhaṃ, kassapa, taṃ uyyojetvā yāya jambuyā jambudīpo paññāyati, tato phalaṃ gahetvā paṭhamataraṃ āgantvā agyāgāre nisinno. Idaṃ kho, kassapa, jambuphalaṃ vaṇṇasampannaṃ gandhasampannaṃ rasasampannaṃ, sace ākaṅkhasi paribhuñjā’’ti. ‘‘Alaṃ, mahāsamaṇa, tvaṃyeva taṃ arahasi, tvaṃyeva taṃ paribhuñjā’’ti. Atha kho uruvelakassapassa jaṭilassa etadahosi – ‘‘mahiddhiko kho mahāsamaṇo mahānubhāvo, yatra hi nāma maṃ paṭhamataraṃ uyyojetvā yāya jambuyā jambudīpo paññāyati, tato phalaṃ gahetvā paṭhamataraṃ āgantvā agyāgāre nisīdissati, na tveva ca kho arahā yathā aha’’nti. Atha kho bhagavā uruvelakassapassa jaṭilassa bhattaṃ bhuñjitvā tasmiṃyeva vanasaṇḍe vihāsi.
当时,乌鲁韦拉咖萨巴尊者,于夜晚恰逢世尊到来,前来问讯时辰说:“尊大的沙门,时候已到,食事完成。”世尊告诫乌鲁韦拉咖萨巴尊者:“去吧,咖萨巴,我为你采摘果实。”乌鲁韦拉咖萨巴尊者起身,前往森林,采摘恰如坠落的番荔枝(又名山竹),将果实带回,坐在僧房里。乌鲁韦拉咖萨巴尊者见世尊坐于僧房内,便向世尊问道:“尊大的沙门,您以何种道理来到此处?我为您先来,此刻您来到,坐于僧房中。”世尊答曰:“我以此道取果实,前往森林,采摘番荔枝,带回僧房。此果色泽艳丽,香气馥郁,味道甘美,如若你愿,可尽情享用。”乌鲁韦拉咖萨巴尊者说:“很好,尊大的沙门,您亲手采摘,您亲自享用。”乌鲁韦拉咖萨巴尊者因而发语:“这位大神德大沙门,当真伟大,是大神通者,我采摘的果实,尚且不如您亲自采摘、享用。当真阿拉汉非是如我。”于是,世尊与乌鲁韦拉咖萨巴尊者同食后,在林中住止。
Atha kho uruvelakassapo jaṭilo tassā rattiyā accayena yena bhagavā tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā bhagavato kālaṃ ārocesi – ‘‘kālo, mahāsamaṇa, niṭṭhitaṃ bhatta’’nti. ‘‘Gaccha tvaṃ, kassapa, āyāmaha’’nti uruvelakassapaṃ jaṭilaṃ uyyojetvā yāya jambuyā jambudīpo paññāyati, tassā avidūre ambo…pe… tassā avidūre āmalakī…pe… tassā avidūre harītakī…pe… tāvatiṃsaṃ gantvā pāricchattakapupphaṃ gahetvā paṭhamataraṃ āgantvā agyāgāre nisīdi. Addasā kho uruvelakassapo jaṭilo bhagavantaṃ agyāgāre nisinnaṃ, disvāna bhagavantaṃ etadavoca – ‘‘katamena tvaṃ, mahāsamaṇa, maggena āgato, ahaṃ tayā paṭhamataraṃ pakkanto, so tvaṃ paṭhamataraṃ āgantvā agyāgāre nisinno’’ti? ‘‘Idhāhaṃ, kassapa, taṃ uyyojetvā tāvatiṃsaṃ gantvā pāricchattakapupphaṃ gahetvā paṭhamataraṃ āgantvā agyāgāre nisinno. Idaṃ kho, kassapa, pāricchattakapupphaṃ vaṇṇasampannaṃ gandhasampannaṃ, sace ākaṅkhasi gaṇhā’’ti . ‘‘Alaṃ, mahāsamaṇa, tvaṃyeva taṃ arahasi, tvaṃyeva taṃ gaṇhā’’ti. Atha kho uruvelakassapassa jaṭilassa etadahosi – ‘‘mahiddhiko kho mahāsamaṇo mahānubhāvo, yatra hi nāma maṃ paṭhamataraṃ uyyojetvā tāvatiṃsaṃ gantvā pāricchattakapupphaṃ gahetvā paṭhamataraṃ āgantvā agyāgāre nisīdissati, na tveva ca kho arahā yathā aha’’nti.
当时,乌鲁韦拉咖萨巴尊者,于夜晚恰逢世尊前来,问讯时辰说:“尊大的沙门,时候已到,食事完成。”世尊告诫他:“去吧,咖萨巴,我为你采摘。”乌鲁韦拉咖萨巴尊者起身,前往森林,采摘番荔枝,邻近有水源、余柑果树以及余黄檗树,世尊一路前往天宫,采摘帕里查塔花,带回僧房坐下。乌鲁韦拉咖萨巴尊者见世尊坐于僧房内,因而问道:“尊大的沙门,您以何种道理而来?我先来此处,而您现在至此僧房。”世尊答曰:“我采摘那个花朵,前往天宫,带回僧房。这个花色泽艳丽、香气馥郁,如若你愿,可取用。”乌鲁韦拉咖萨巴尊者答曰:“很好,尊大的沙门,您亲手采摘,您亲自来取。”乌鲁韦拉咖萨巴尊者因而说:“伟大无比的尊者大神德,当您亲自采摘并携带带回时,果真无量功德。我采摘的果实尚且不及您亲自采摘,阿拉汉果德非如我。”于是,世尊与乌鲁韦拉咖萨巴尊者同食后,在林中住止。
Tena kho pana samayena te jaṭilā aggiṃ paricaritukāmā na sakkonti kaṭṭhāni phāletuṃ. Atha kho tesaṃ jaṭilānaṃ etadahosi – ‘‘nissaṃsayaṃ kho mahāsamaṇassa iddhānubhāvo yathā mayaṃ na sakkoma kaṭṭhāni phāletu’’nti. Atha kho bhagavā uruvelakassapaṃ jaṭilaṃ etadavoca – ‘‘phāliyantu, kassapa, kaṭṭhānī’’ti. ‘‘Phāliyantu, mahāsamaṇā’’ti. Sakideva pañca kaṭṭhasatāni phāliyiṃsu. Atha kho uruvelakassapassa jaṭilassa etadahosi – ‘‘mahiddhiko kho mahāsamaṇo mahānubhāvo, yatra hi nāma kaṭṭhānipi phāliyissanti, na tveva ca kho arahā yathā aha’’nti.
当时,那些苦行者们因欲生火供养,无法劈开木材。于是他们心生念想:“大沙门有大神通,我们不能劈开木材供养火。”当时,世尊对乌鲁韦拉咖萨巴尊者说:“劈开吧,咖萨巴,木材劈开吧。”“劈开吧,尊大的沙门。”五百木柴被劈开。乌鲁韦拉咖萨巴尊者心生念想:“尊者大神通广大,我采集了木柴,然而阿拉汉果德非如我。”
Tena kho pana samayena te jaṭilā aggiṃ paricaritukāmā na sakkonti aggiṃ ujjaletuṃ. Atha kho tesaṃ jaṭilānaṃ etadahosi – ‘‘nissaṃsayaṃ kho mahāsamaṇassa iddhānubhāvo yathā mayaṃ na sakkoma aggiṃ ujjaletu’’nti. Atha kho bhagavā uruvelakassapaṃ jaṭilaṃ etadavoca – ‘‘ujjaliyantu, kassapa, aggī’’ti. ‘‘Ujjaliyantu, mahāsamaṇā’’ti. Sakideva pañca aggisatāni ujjaliyiṃsu. Atha kho uruvelakassapassa jaṭilassa etadahosi – ‘‘mahiddhiko kho mahāsamaṇo mahānubhāvo, yatra hi nāma aggīpi ujjaliyissanti, na tveva ca kho arahā yathā aha’’nti.
当时,那些苦行者们因欲生火供养,无法点燃柴薪。于是他们念想:“大沙门有大神通,我们不能点燃火。”世尊嘱咐乌鲁韦拉咖萨巴尊者:“点燃吧,咖萨巴,火焰点燃吧。”“点燃吧,尊大的沙门。”五百柴薪被点燃。乌鲁韦拉咖萨巴尊者心生念想:“尊者大神通广大,我点燃了火,然而阿拉汉果德非如我。”
Tena kho pana samayena te jaṭilā aggiṃ paricaritvā na sakkonti aggiṃ vijjhāpetuṃ. Atha kho tesaṃ jaṭilānaṃ etadahosi – ‘‘nissaṃsayaṃ kho mahāsamaṇassa iddhānubhāvo yathā mayaṃ na sakkoma aggiṃ vijjhāpetu’’nti. Atha kho bhagavā uruvelakassapaṃ jaṭilaṃ etadavoca – ‘‘vijjhāyantu, kassapa, aggī’’ti. ‘‘Vijjhāyantu, mahāsamaṇā’’ti. Sakideva pañca aggisatāni vijjhāyiṃsu. Atha kho uruvelakassapassa jaṭilassa etadahosi – ‘‘mahiddhiko kho mahāsamaṇo mahānubhāvo, yatra hi nāma aggīpi vijjhāyissanti, na tveva ca kho arahā yathā aha’’nti.
当时,那些苦行者们因供养火,无法使火保持旺盛。于是他们念想:“大沙门有大神通,我们不能使火旺盛。”世尊嘱咐乌鲁韦拉咖萨巴尊者:“加旺吧,咖萨巴,火焰加旺吧。”“加旺吧,尊大的沙门。”五百火焰被加旺。乌鲁韦拉咖萨巴尊者心生念想:“尊者大神通广大,我使火旺盛,然而阿拉汉果德非如我。”
Tena kho pana samayena te jaṭilā sītāsu hemantikāsu rattīsu antaraṭṭhakāsu himapātasamaye najjā nerañjarāya ummujjantipi nimujjantipi ummujjananimujjanampi karonti. Atha kho bhagavā pañcamattāni mandāmukhisatāni abhinimmini yattha te jaṭilā uttaritvā visibbesuṃ. Atha kho tesaṃ jaṭilānaṃ etadahosi – ‘‘nissaṃsayaṃ kho mahāsamaṇassa iddhānubhāvo yathayimā mandāmukhiyo nimmitā’’ti. Atha kho uruvelakassapassa jaṭilassa etadahosi – ‘‘mahiddhiko kho mahāsamaṇo mahānubhāvo, yatra hi nāma tāva bahū mandāmukhiyopi abhinimminissati, na tveva ca kho arahā yathā aha’’nti.
当时,那些入出息门的人,昼夜处于严寒的冬季和夜间,处于冰雪覆盖时节,时而潜入、时而浮出水面,有时又是浮出又是潜入。然后,世尊使五百名迟钝愚昧的苦行者专心观察这些入出息门人的动作,他们渡过了这些水面,显现了神通变化。于是,这些入出息门人心想:“毫无疑问,这位伟大的沙门之神通显现,形迹正是这些迟钝愚昧者的神通表现。”接着,乌鲁韦拉迦萨帕那入出息门人说:“这位伟大的沙门威力广大,证果丰富啊,那里确有如此多的迟钝愚昧者显现神通,但不正如阿拉汉那样。”
Tena kho pana samayena mahā akālamegho pāvassi, mahā udakavāhako sañjāyi, yasmiṃ padese bhagavā viharati so padeso udakena na otthaṭo hoti. Atha kho bhagavato etadahosi – ‘‘yaṃnūnāhaṃ samantā udakaṃ ussāretvā majjhe reṇuhatāya bhūmiyā caṅkameyya’’nti. Atha kho bhagavā samantā udakaṃ ussāretvā majjhe reṇuhatāya bhūmiyā caṅkami. Atha kho uruvelakassapo jaṭilo ‘‘māheva kho mahāsamaṇo udakena vūḷho ahosī’’ti nāvāya sambahulehi jaṭilehi saddhiṃ yasmiṃ padese bhagavā viharati, taṃ padesaṃ agamāsi. Addasā kho uruvelakassapo jaṭilo bhagavantaṃ samantā udakaṃ ussāretvā majjhe reṇuhatāya bhūmiyā caṅkamantaṃ, disvāna bhagavantaṃ etadavoca – ‘‘idaṃ nu tvaṃ, mahāsamaṇā’’ti. ‘‘Ayamahamasmi, kassapā’’ti bhagavā vehāsaṃ abbhuggantvā nāvāya paccuṭṭhāsi. Atha kho uruvelakassapassa jaṭilassa etadahosi – ‘‘mahiddhiko kho mahāsamaṇo mahānubhāvo , yatra hi nāma udakampi na pavāhissati, na tveva ca kho arahā yathā aha’’nti.
当时,大旱季大雨云降临,有大水流出,在世尊所住的地方水满溢,无法涉渡。世尊便想:“如今,我遍行四方时,定当从水边穿过,踩在沾湿了淤土的土地上。”于是,世尊遍行四方,从水边涉行于沾湿淤泥的地面。乌鲁韦拉迦萨帕入出息门人说:“这伟大的沙门真是糊涂,竟然用水涉行。”他们一同乘船前往世尊所住的地方,见到世尊涉行沾湿的淤泥地面,便对他说:“这就是您,伟大的沙门?”世尊微笑回应:“是我啊,迦萨巴。”世尊便乘船离开。乌鲁韦拉迦萨帕入出息门人心想:“这位伟大的沙门法力广大,是无所不晓的伟大神通者,既然连水也不能过去,也不似阿拉汉。”
Atha kho bhagavato etadahosi – ‘‘cirampi kho imassa moghapurisassa evaṃ bhavissati ‘mahiddhiko kho mahāsamaṇo mahānubhāvo, na tveva ca kho arahā yathā aha’nti, yaṃnūnāhaṃ imaṃ jaṭilaṃ saṃvejeyya’’nti. Atha kho bhagavā uruvelakassapaṃ jaṭilaṃ etadavoca – ‘‘neva ca kho tvaṃ, kassapa, arahā, nāpi arahattamaggasamāpanno, sāpi te paṭipadā natthi, yāya tvaṃ arahā vā assasi arahattamaggaṃ vā samāpanno’’ti. Atha kho uruvelakassapo jaṭilo bhagavato pādesu sirasā nipatitvā bhagavantaṃ etadavoca – ‘‘labheyyāhaṃ, bhante, bhagavato santike pabbajjaṃ, labheyyaṃ upasampada’’nti. ‘‘Tvaṃ khosi, kassapa, pañcannaṃ jaṭilasatānaṃ nāyako vināyako aggo pamukho pāmokkho, tepi tāva apalokehi, yathā te maññissanti, tathā te karissantī’’ti. Atha kho uruvelakassapo jaṭilo yena te jaṭilā tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā te jaṭile etadavoca – ‘‘icchāmahaṃ, bho, mahāsamaṇe brahmacariyaṃ carituṃ, yathā bhavanto maññanti tathā karontū’’ti. ‘‘Cirapaṭikā mayaṃ, bho, mahāsamaṇe abhippasannā, sace bhavaṃ mahāsamaṇe brahmacariyaṃ carissati, sabbeva mayaṃ mahāsamaṇe brahmacariyaṃ carissāmā’’ti. Atha kho te jaṭilā kesamissaṃ jaṭāmissaṃ khārikājamissaṃ aggihutamissaṃ udake pavāhetvā yena bhagavā tenupasaṅkamiṃsu; upasaṅkamitvā bhagavato pādesu sirasā nipatitvā bhagavantaṃ etadavocuṃ – ‘‘labheyyāma mayaṃ, bhante, bhagavato santike pabbajjaṃ, labheyyāma upasampada’’nti. ‘‘Etha, bhikkhavo’’ti bhagavā avoca – ‘‘svākkhāto dhammo, caratha brahmacariyaṃ sammā dukkhassa antakiriyāyā’’ti. Sāva tesaṃ āyasmantānaṃ upasampadā ahosi.
世尊自言:“这愚痴之人长期以来必定如此迷惑,不信这伟大的沙门法力广大,也不信阿拉汉的境界。他必然责备我这入出息门。”于是,世尊对乌鲁韦拉迦萨帕入出息门人说:“迦萨巴啊,你既不是阿拉汉,也未达阿拉汉之路,根本没有能够成为阿拉汉的修行方法。”乌鲁韦拉迦萨帕入出息门人俯伏在世尊足下,请求说:“愿我得出家,得具足比库戒。”世尊答言:“你是五百入出息门人的领袖、主宰、首领、先锋、解脱者,他们都在世间,不论别人如何看你,自己也应当如是作。”乌鲁韦拉迦萨帕入出息门人便带领这些入出息门人来见世尊,向他们说:“我愿意在伟大的沙门这里修行,愿你们听说后也如是修行。”这些入出息门人也对世尊立志:“如果您愿修行正道,我们也都愿修行。”于是这些入出息门人洗净头发、须发、杂毛,淋浴沐浴,前去见世尊,俯伏其足,恳请说:“愿我们在世尊面前得出家,愿得具足比库戒。”世尊说:“比库们,这就是经说的法,正行比库道,是苦灭的究竟方法。”于是这些长老皆得具足比库戒。
Addasā kho nadīkassapo jaṭilo kesamissaṃ jaṭāmissaṃ khārikājamissaṃ aggihutamissaṃ udake vuyhamāne, disvānassa etadahosi – ‘‘māheva me bhātuno upasaggo ahosī’’ti, jaṭile pāhesi – ‘‘gacchatha me bhātaraṃ jānāthā’’ti, sāmañca tīhi jaṭilasatehi saddhiṃ yenāyasmā uruvelakassapo tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā āyasmantaṃ uruvelakassapaṃ etadavoca – ‘‘idaṃ nu kho, kassapa, seyyo’’ti? ‘‘Āmāvuso, idaṃ seyyo’’ti. Atha kho te jaṭilā kesamissaṃ jaṭāmissaṃ khārikājamissaṃ aggihutamissaṃ udake pavāhetvā yena bhagavā tenupasaṅkamiṃsu; upasaṅkamitvā bhagavato pādesu sirasā nipatitvā bhagavantaṃ etadavocuṃ – ‘‘labheyyāma mayaṃ, bhante, bhagavato santike pabbajjaṃ, labheyyāma upasampada’’nti. ‘‘Etha, bhikkhavo’’ti bhagavā avoca – ‘‘svākkhāto dhammo, caratha brahmacariyaṃ sammā dukkhassa antakiriyāyā’’ti. Sāva tesaṃ āyasmantānaṃ upasampadā ahosi.
乌鲁韦拉迦萨帕入出息门人洗净头发、须发、杂毛,沐浴浴足后,乘水流漂浮时,看见世尊,心想:“我的兄弟们怎会未得依附呢?”他对其他入出息门人说:“你们去把我的兄弟们都找来吧。”然后与三百名入出息门人一起去见世尊,向乌鲁韦拉迦萨帕长老说:“迦萨巴啊,这地方更好。”长老回答:“是的,朋友,这地方更好。”接着这些入出息门人洗净头发、须发、杂毛,沐浴后前去见世尊,俯伏其足,恳请说:“愿我们在世尊面前得出家,愿得具足比库戒。”世尊说:“比库们,这就是圣法,正行比库道,是苦灭的究竟方法。”于是这些长老皆得具足比库戒。
Addasā kho gayākassapo jaṭilo kesamissaṃ jaṭāmissaṃ khārikājamissaṃ aggihutamissaṃ udake vuyhamāne, disvānassa etadahosi – ‘‘māheva me bhātūnaṃ upasaggo ahosī’’ti, jaṭile pāhesi – ‘‘gacchatha me bhātaro jānāthā’’ti, sāmañca dvīhi jaṭilasatehi saddhiṃ yenāyasmā uruvelakassapo tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā āyasmantaṃ uruvelakassapaṃ etadavoca – ‘‘idaṃ nu kho, kassapa, seyyo’’ti? ‘‘Āmāvuso, idaṃ seyyo’’ti. Atha kho te jaṭilā kesamissaṃ jaṭāmissaṃ khārikājamissaṃ aggihutamissaṃ udake pavāhetvā yena bhagavā tenupasaṅkamiṃsu; upasaṅkamitvā bhagavato pādesu sirasā nipatitvā bhagavantaṃ etadavocuṃ – ‘‘labheyyāma mayaṃ, bhante, bhagavato santike pabbajjaṃ, labheyyāma upasampada’’nti. ‘‘Etha, bhikkhavo’’ti, bhagavā avoca – ‘‘svākkhāto dhammo, caratha brahmacariyaṃ sammā dukkhassa antakiriyāyā’’ti. Sāva tesaṃ āyasmantānaṃ upasampadā ahosi.
加耶迦萨帕入出息门人洗净头发、须发、杂毛,沐浴浴足后,乘水流漂浮时,看见世尊,心想:“我的兄弟们怎会未得依附呢?”便对其他入出息门人说:“你们去把我的兄弟们都找来吧。”随后与二百余名入出息门人一起去见世尊,向乌鲁韦拉迦萨帕长老说:“迦萨巴啊,这地方更好。”长老答曰:“是的,朋友,这地方更好。”然后这些入出息门人洗净头发、须发、杂毛,沐浴沐足后前去见世尊,俯伏其足,恳请说:“愿我们在世尊面前得出家,愿得具足比库戒。”世尊说:“比库们,这就是善法,正行比库道,是苦灭的究竟方法。”于是这些长老皆得具足比库戒。
‘‘Bhagavato adhiṭṭhānena pañca kaṭṭhasatāni na phāliyiṃsu, phāliyiṃsu, aggī na ujjaliyiṃsu, ujjaliyiṃsu, na vijjhāyiṃsu, vijjhāyiṃsu, pañca mandāmukhisatāni abhinimmini, etena nayena aḍḍhuḍḍhapāṭihāriyasahassāni honti.
凭借世尊的持戒坚定,五百名入出息门人未曾沾污戒律、虽有过失也能回避补缀,不生洁净心、清净心,同时又有五百名迟钝愚昧者显现神通,藉此因缘,成就成千上万难以计数的殊胜法迹。
‘‘Atha kho bhagavā uruvelāyaṃ yathābhirantaṃ viharitvā yena gayāsīsaṃ tena cārikaṃ pakkāmi mahatā bhikkhusaṅghena saddhiṃ sahassena sabbeheva purāṇajaṭilehi. Tatra sudaṃ bhagavā gayāyaṃ viharati gayāsīse saddhiṃ bhikkhusahassena. Tatra kho bhagavā bhikkhu āmantesi (saṃ. ni. 4.28) – ‘sabbaṃ, bhikkhave, ādittaṃ, kiñca, bhikkhave, sabbaṃ ādittaṃ, cakkhu, bhikkhave, ādittaṃ, rūpā ādittā, cakkhuviññāṇaṃ ādittaṃ, cakkhusamphasso āditto, yamidaṃ cakkhusamphassapaccayā uppajjati vedayitaṃ sukhaṃ vā dukkhaṃ vā adukkhamasukhaṃ vā tampi ādittaṃ. Kena ādittaṃ, rāgagginā dosagginā mohagginā ādittaṃ, jātiyā jarāya maraṇena sokehi paridevehi dukkhehi domanassehi upāyāsehi ādittanti vadāmi? Sotaṃ ādittaṃ, saddā ādittā…pe… ghānaṃ ādittaṃ, gandhā ādittā…pe… jivhā ādittā, rasā ādittā…pe… kāyo āditto, phoṭṭhabbā ādittā…pe… mano āditto, dhammā ādittā, manoviññāṇaṃ ādittaṃ, manosamphasso āditto, yamidaṃ manosamphassapaccayā uppajjati vedayitaṃ sukhaṃ vā dukkhaṃ vā adukkhamasukhaṃ vā tampi ādittaṃ. Kena ādittaṃ, rāgagginā dosagginā mohagginā ādittaṃ, jātiyā jarāya maraṇena sokehi paridevehi dukkhehi domanassehi upāyāsehi āditta’’’nti vadāmi.
于是世尊远离乌鲁维拉,在那处如常安住。以此乌鲁维拉所在的矮山为根据,世尊携带众多比库徒众,达一千人之众,往这条路上行进,这些比库皆为久居林野的古老修行者。彼时世尊居住在迦耶,同样与一千比库同住于迦耶矮山。彼时世尊告诫比库们说:『一切眼根,眼识所触一切色相,皆受欲火灼烧。所谓眼所触境所生起的受感,无论是乐受、苦受,亦或非苦非乐受,皆被灼烧。何以故?因贪欲之火、嗔恨之火、痴迷之火,燃烧著它。生、老、死、忧伤、悲叹、苦恼、烦恼诸苦,皆被欲火、嗔火、痴火所灼烧,我是如此宣说。耳根被灼,声响被灼,鼻根被灼,香气被灼,舌根被灼,味觉被灼,身根被灼,触觉被灼,意根及心识被灼,心所触境所起的受感,无论乐、苦、非苦非乐,皆被灼烧。何以故?以贪、嗔、痴之火燃烧,因生死、忧愁、悲哀、苦难、恼忧而被灼烧。』
‘‘Evaṃ passaṃ, bhikkhave, sutavā ariyasāvako cakkhusmimpi nibbindati, rūpesupi nibbindati, cakkhuviññāṇepi nibbindati, cakkhusamphassepi nibbindati, yamidaṃ cakkhusamphassapaccayā uppajjati vedayitaṃ sukhaṃ vā dukkhaṃ vā adukkhamasukhaṃ vā tasmimpi nibbindati. Sotasmimpi nibbindati, saddesupi nibbindati…pe… ghānasmimpi nibbindati, gandhesupi nibbindati…pe… jivhāyapi nibbindati, rasesupi nibbindati…pe… kāyasmimpi nibbindati, phoṭṭhabbesupi nibbindati…pe… manasmimpi nibbindati, dhammesupi nibbindati, manoviññāṇepi nibbindati, manosamphassepi nibbindati, yamidaṃ manosamphassapaccayā uppajjati vedayitaṃ sukhaṃ vā dukkhaṃ vā adukkhamasukhaṃ vā tasmimpi nibbindati. Nibbindaṃ virajjati , virāgā vimuccati, vimuttasmiṃ vimuttamiti ñāṇaṃ hoti, ‘khīṇā jāti, vusitaṃ brahmacariyaṃ, kataṃ karaṇīyaṃ, nāparaṃ itthattāyā’ti pajānātī’’ti.
『由此所见,诸比库们,圣弟子对眼根亦生厌离,对色相生厌离,对眼识亦生厌离,对眼触亦生厌离;以眼触所生起的受感,无论乐受、苦受、非苦非乐受,皆生厌离。对耳根生厌离,对声响生厌离……对鼻根生厌离,对香气亦生厌离……对舌根生厌离,对味觉生厌离……对身根生厌离,对触觉亦生厌离,对意根生厌离,对法生厌离,对心识亦生厌离,对心触生厌离;因心触所生起的受感,无论乐受、苦受、非苦非乐受,皆生厌离。此厌离生灭,厌离灭尽,离欲解脱已成,得此解脱智慧知晓说,‘生已尽,修行已毕,应作之事已作,未来不复为此而行。’
Imasmiñca pana veyyākaraṇasmiṃ bhaññamāne tassa bhikkhusahassassa anupādāya āsavehi cittāni vimucciṃsu.
在此讲解中,当为解释时,该千人比库因无依止之染污,心得解脱。
§29
29. Evaṃ ādittapariyāyadesanaṃ sutvā saha paṭisambhidāhi arahattaṃ sampatto nadīkassapo thero somanassajāto attano pubbacaritāpadānaṃ pakāsento padumuttarassa bhagavatotiādimāha. Tattha aggaphalanti uttamaphalaṃ, attanā ropitaambarukkhassa ādimhi gahitaphalaṃ vā. Sesaṃ suviññeyyamevāti.
29. 如是听闻“欲火遍烧”之教导,同时具足分解智慧而证得阿拉汉果的长老那提咖萨巴,生于智慧阿拉汉嗣派族,显现其前世修行事迹,称赞佛陀陀目多世尊等。其所称赞者为最上之果报,好似他种周密护持之树,谓最初所结之果实。余义须慧,悉应明了。
Nadīkassapattheraapadānavaṇṇanā samattā. · 那提咖萨巴长老譬喻注释圆满。
3. Gayākassapattheraapadānavaṇṇanā三、伽耶咖萨巴长老譬喻注释
Tatiyāpadāne ajinacammavatthohantiādikaṃ āyasmato gayākassapattherassa apadānaṃ. Ayampi purimabuddhesu katādhikāro tattha tattha bhave vivaṭṭūpanissayaṃ kusalaṃ upacinanto ito ekatiṃsakappe sikhissa bhagavato kāle kulagehe nibbatto viññutaṃ patto nissaraṇajjhāsayatāya gharāvāsaṃ pahāya tāpasapabbajjaṃ pabbajitvā araññāyatane assamaṃ māpetvā vanamūlaphalāhāro vasati. Tena ca samayena bhagavā eko adutiyo tassa assamasamīpenāgacchi, so bhagavantaṃ disvā pasannamānaso upasaṅkamitvā vanditvā ekamantaṃ ṭhito velaṃ olokento manoharāni kolaphalāni satthu upanesi. So tena puññakammena devamanussesu saṃsaranto imasmiṃ buddhuppāde brāhmaṇakule nibbattitvā vayappatto nissaraṇajjhāsayatāya gharāvāsaṃ pahāya tāpasapabbajjaṃ pabbajitvā dvīhi tāpasasatehi saddhiṃ gayāya viharati. Gayāya vasanato hissa kassapagottatāya ca gayākassapoti samaññā ahosi. So bhagavato saddhiṃ parisāya ehibhikkhūpasampadaṃ datvā nadīkassapassa vuttanayena ādittapariyāya desanāya ovadiyamāno arahatte patiṭṭhāsi.
第三事迹中,名阿耆尼革摩树皮等由尊者迦耶那提咖萨巴长老所述。此事迹亦见于前佛多位,于诸娑婆世界繁华尽灭条件下,善根增长而修行,三十三劫后,佛陀时期在迦族家中出生。悟已得解脱舍弃屋舍,出家苦行入林,孤寂清修。彼时世尊有一比库独自来到此孤修处,见佛欢喜,敬礼至一旁站立,注视美丽的椰子果子,向佛说法。此比库曾以此善业在人间、天界转生,出生婆罗门家,老而解脱舍弃屋舍,出家苦行,携二百弟子共住迦耶。长期居于此,号称“迦耶那提”,因同佛陀相属。彼以佛陀同在众比库中,授受僧团,依那提咖萨巴所述“欲火遍烧”的教诲,证阿拉汉果。
§35
35. So arahattaṃ patvā somanassajāto attano pubbacaritāpadānaṃ pakāsento ajinacammavatthohantiādimāha . Tattha ajinacammavatthoti tāpasapabbajitattā ajinacammanivāsanapāvuraṇoti attho. Khāribhāradharoti tāpasakāle tāpasaparikkhāraparipuṇṇakājadharoti attho. Khārikatāpasaparikkhāre pūretvā. Kolaṃ ahāsi assamanti kolaphalaṃ assame pūretvā assame nisinnoti attho. Agopayinti pāṭhe kolaphalaṃ pariyesitvā assamaṃ gopesiṃ rakkhinti attho. Sesaṃ sabbaṃ uttānatthamevāti.
35. 达阿拉汉果位之尊者那提咖萨巴,现世功德显现其前世事迹,称“阿耆尼革摩树皮”等语。此中“阿耆尼革摩”意指出家苦行者服用之树皮制袈裟、袈裟披盖。苦行时担负苛重担子,谓苦行众具。苦行时携带“苦行器具”充足。曾取椰子果实置于孤寂之处收藏。椰子果实熟时其名为“孤寂”,意含椰子果实熟后安坐孤寂。依偏方携果藏之,含义为保护椰子果实。此事迹含有深义,愿悉知者明了。
Gayākassapattheraapadānavaṇṇanā samattā. · 伽耶咖萨巴长老譬喻注释圆满。
4. Kimilattheraapadānavaṇṇanā四、基弥拉长老譬喻注释
Catutthāpadāne nibbute kakusandhamhītiādikaṃ āyasmato kimilattherassa apadānaṃ. Ayampi purimabuddhesu katādhikāro tattha tattha bhave vivaṭṭūpanissayāni puññāni upacinanto kakusandhassa bhagavato kāle kulagehe nibbattitvā viññutaṃ patto parinibbute satthari tassa dhātuyo uddissa salalamālāhi maṇḍapaṃ kāretvā pūjaṃ akāsi. So tena puññakammena tāvatiṃsesu uppajjitvā aparāparaṃ devamanussesu saṃsaranto imasmiṃ buddhuppāde kapilavatthunagare sakyarājakule nibbattitvā kimiloti tassa nāmaṃ akāsi. So vayappatto bhogasampattiyā pamatto viharati. Tassa ñāṇaparipākaṃ ñatvā saṃvegajananatthaṃ anupiyāyaṃ viharanto satthā paṭhamayobbane ṭhitaṃ ramaṇīyaṃ itthirūpaṃ abhinimminitvā purato dassetvā puna anukkamena yathā jarārogavipattīhi abhibhūtā dissati, tathā akāsi. Taṃ disvā kimilakumāro ativiya saṃvegajāto attano saṃvegaṃ pakāsento bhagavato pākaṭaṃ katvā laddhānusāsano arahattaṃ pāpuṇi.
第四位修行者即涅槃者鹊桑陀阿逸多长老的修行功德。此长老曾在过去诸佛时代,于各世中行善积德,供养涅槃时于鹊桑陀世尊族宅处,造起宝珠串楼亭礼敬供奉。以此功德,生生世世在人天间轮回,于本佛出世之时,生于咖毕拉瓦图城的释迦族王室,名为阿逸多。他晚年放逸,沉湎于享乐。明了智慧成熟,生起净信,因生起净信而起初心生悔意,遂于第一次雨安居时,幻现一位美丽女子,现身于前方示现。继而以顺序示现,令彼女子显露老病等苦相。见此,阿逸多少年心生极大怖畏,显露心中悲悯,向世尊明言其得法教诲,终成阿拉汉。
§42
42. So arahattaṃ patvā somanassajāto attano pubbacaritāpadānaṃ pakāsento nibbute kakusandhamhītiādimāha. Brāhmaṇamhi vusīmatīti pañcahi vasitāhi vasippattamhi bhagavati. Brāhmaṇassa sabbaguṇagaṇehi maṇḍitattā abhivūḷhītattā brāhmaṇamhi kakusandhe bhagavati parinibbuteti attho. Sesaṃ sabbaṃ uttānamevāti.
他得阿拉汉果,生起安乐,了知己前世之功德,宣说涅槃鹊桑陀之事。所谓“于婆罗门中安居五处,住于胜地,世尊具足婆罗门所有诸德,故称为婆罗门中之鹊桑陀世尊涅槃”。余言皆表扬推崇世尊。
Kimilattheraapadānavaṇṇanā samattā. · 基弥拉长老譬喻注释完结。
5. Vajjiputtattheraapadānavaṇṇanā五、跋耆子长老譬喻注释
Sahassaraṃsībhagavātiādikaṃ āyasmato vajjiputtattherassa apadānaṃ. Ayampi purimabuddhesu katādhikāro tattha tattha bhave vivaṭṭūpanissayaṃ puññaṃ upacinanto ito catunavutikappe ekaṃ paccekabuddhaṃ bhikkhāya gacchantaṃ disvā pasannamānaso kadaliphalāni adāsi. So tena puññakammena devamanussesu saṃsaranto imasmiṃ buddhuppāde vesāliyaṃ licchavirājakumāro hutvā nibbatti, vajjirājaputtattā vajjiputtotvevassa samaññā. So daharo hutvā hatthisippādisikkhanakālepi hetusampannatāya nissaraṇajjhāsayova hutvā vicaranto satthu dhammadesanaṃ sutvā paṭiladdhasaddho satthu santike pabbajitvā vipassanāya kammaṃ katvā nacirasseva chaḷabhiñño ahosi. Chaḷabhiñño pana hutvā aparabhāge aciraparinibbute satthari dhammaṃ saṅgāyituṃ saṅketaṃ katvā mahātheresu tattha tattha viharantesu ekadivasaṃ āyasmantaṃ ānandaṃ sekhaṃyeva samānaṃ mahatiyā parisāya parivutaṃ dhammaṃ desentaṃ disvā tassa uparimaggādhigamāya ussāhaṃ janento –
关于持千年寿命之长老伐阇富塔长老的修行功德。此长老曾在过去诸佛时期积集功德。经历九十九劫,见一初成道之独觉行者,施以开心当成熟之果柑。以此善业在人天中轮回至本佛出世时,生于韦萨利,是笈多族王子,以笈多王子身分出家修道。少时于象足印技术训练时,因无生灭之智慧而动心不安。行住坐卧念世尊所说法,得深信顺服,亲近圣师,入出禅定修慧,未久已得六通。得六通后于后期不久调伏身心即入涅槃。佛陀为集合法为众聆听教诲,于众多长老间所住处的某一日,见到同修阿难长老,像随从弟子,围绕其教法而住,生起精进心。
‘‘Rukkhamūlagahanaṃ pasakkiya, nibbānaṃ hadayasmiṃ opiya;
“紧抱树根,抵达涅槃之心;
Jhāya gotama mā ca pamādo, kiṃ te biḷibiḷikā karissatī’’ti. (theragā. 119) – gāthaṃ abhāsi;
修定吧,世尊,不要懈怠,你将作何修炼?”这是伐阇富塔长老作的诗偈。
Tattha rukkhamūlagahananti rukkhamūlabhūtaṃ gahanaṃ, gahanañhi atthi, na rukkhamūlaṃ, rukkhamūlañca atthi, na gahanaṃ, tesu rukkhamūlaggahaṇena ṭhānassa chāyāya sampannatāya vātātapaparissayābhāvaṃ dīpeti, gahanaggahaṇena nivātabhāvena vātaparissayābhāvaṃ janasambādhābhāvañca dasseti, tadubhayena ca bhāvanāyogyataṃ. Pasakkiyāti upagantvā. Nibbānaṃ hadayasmiṃ opiyāti ‘‘evaṃ mayā paṭipajjitvā nibbānaṃ adhigantabba’’nti nibbutiṃ hadaye ṭhapetvā citte katvā. Jhāyāti tilakkhaṇūpanijjhānena jhāya, vipassanābhāvanāsahitaṃ maggabhāvanaṃ bhāvehi. Gotamāti dhammabhaṇḍāgārikaṃ gottenālapati. Mā ca pamādoti adhikusalesu dhammesu mā pamādaṃ āpajji. Idāni yādiso therassa pamādo, taṃ paṭikkhepavasena dassento ‘‘kiṃ te biḷibiḷikā karissatī’’ti āha. Tattha biḷibiḷikāti biḷibiḷikiriyā, biḷibiḷitisaddapavatti yathā niratthakā, evaṃ biḷibiḷikāsadisā janapaññatti. Kiṃ te karissatīti kīdisaṃ atthaṃ tuyhaṃ sādhessati, tasmā janapaññattiṃ pahāya sadatthapasuto hohīti ovādaṃ adāsi.
其中“紧抱树根”意味着紧贴树根之处,“根”与“处”各有所指,根处合一,形容于遮阴处修行安住,避风寒暑,心志清净。此皆适合修习。所谓“抵达涅槃之心”者,是心中确定修得涅槃之志。修持定力者即依次修行三相禅定与慧观。伐阇富塔者即“法宝库”首领“Gotama”之意。且云“勿懈怠”于善法。本文指出此长老当时有轻微悖失,故以此偈防治悖失。偈中“biḷibiḷikā”为无意义言语的代称,意指无益之言行。质问“你将作何为”,意在促其舍弃杂乱沉迷,常行正法。
Taṃ sutvā aññehi vuttena vissagandhavāyanavacanena saṃvegajāto bahudeva rattiṃ caṅkamena vītināmento vipassanaṃ ussukkāpetvā senāsanaṃ pavisitvā mañcake nisinnamattova ‘‘kiñci sayāmī’’ti sīsaṃ bimbohanamasampattaṃ pādaṃ bhūmito uggataṃ sarīrassa ākāsagatakkhaṇeyeva arahattaṃ pāpuṇi.
听闻此事后,他因他人所述的浓郁芬芳及清扬妙音而起迅速反应,身心激动难安。整整一夜踱步徘徊,心神不宁地除去杂念,入座安静,头颅微微振动如有摇曳之态,双足从地面而起,身体轻盈如在空中飞翔,瞬间获得阿拉汉果。
§49
49. Vajjiputtatthero aparabhāge somanassajāto attano pubbacaritāpadānaṃ pakāsento sahassaraṃsī bhagavātiādimāha. Tattha sahassaraṃsīti ettha ‘‘anekasatasahassaraṃsī’’ti vattabbe gāthābandhasukhatthaṃ ‘‘sahassaraṃsī’’ti vuttanti veditabbaṃ. Sesaṃ suviññeyyamevāti.
第四十九章 迦毗罗长老后半段 由喜悦生起者,阐示自己过去生前行的功德,说:“世尊啊,我曾是迦毗罗。”其中“迦毗罗”依传说,有释文解作“数以千万计”,此处诗句所云“迦毗罗”,应理解为“万千之意”。此余文甚深,宜当善知深义。
Vajjiputtattheraapadānavaṇṇanā samattā. · 跋耆子长老譬喻注释完结。
6. Uttarattheraapadānavaṇṇanā六、伍答罗长老譬喻注释
Chaṭṭhāpadāne sumedho nāma sambuddhotiādikaṃ āyasmato uttarasāmaṇerassa apadānaṃ. Ayampi purimabuddhesu katādhikāro tattha tattha bhave vivaṭṭūpanissayāni puññāni upacinanto sumedhassa bhagavato kāle vijjādharo hutvā ākāsena vicarati. Tena ca samayena satthā tasseva anuggaṇhanatthaṃ vanantare aññatarasmiṃ rukkhamūle nisīdi chabbaṇṇabuddharaṃsiyo vissajjento. So antalikkhena gacchanto bhagavantaṃ disvā pasannamānaso ākāsato oruyha suvisuddhehi vipulehi kaṇikārapupphehi bhagavantaṃ pūjesi, pupphāni buddhānubhāvena satthu upari chattākārena aṭṭhaṃsu, so tena bhiyyosomattāya pasannacitto hutvā aparabhāge kālaṃ katvā tāvatiṃsesu nibbattitvā dibbasampattiṃ anubhavanto yāvatāyukaṃ tattha ṭhatvā tato cuto devamanussesu saṃsaranto imasmiṃ buddhuppāde rājagahe brāhmaṇamahāsālassa putto hutvā nibbatti, uttarotissa nāmaṃ ahosi. So viññutaṃ patto brāhmaṇavijjāsu nipphattiṃ gantvā jātiyā rūpena vijjāya vayena sīlācārena ca lokassa sambhāvanīyo jāto.
第六章传说 续篇 名为苏摩多者,乃尊敬的北方沙玛内拉之传记。此也记述古佛多方,如开示因缘及福报等,称苏摩多于佛逝世时成智慧之宝,遨游虚空。彼时佛为护持其道,曾在森林中一树下坐坐,放弃周围的充满六色光辉的宝光,许久未起。此时,苏摩多见佛,心怀恭敬,乘坐在洁净广阔的天空中,手携广布金色花瓣献花,遥望佛陀。佛以宝伞形象盖护花朵。之后,苏摩多心喜洒然,度过时日,最后生于天界,转生为王舍城婆罗门大家族之子,名为北方。其后通达婆罗门经典,终获出生、寿命、品行皆令世人敬仰。
Tassa taṃ sampattiṃ disvā vassakāro magadhamahāmatto attano dhītaraṃ dātukāmo hutvā attano adhippāyaṃ pavedesi. So nissaraṇajjhāsayatāya taṃ paṭikkhipitvā kālena kālaṃ dhammasenāpatiṃ payirupāsanto tassa santike dhammaṃ sutvā paṭiladdhasaddho pabbajitvā vattasampanno hutvā theraṃ upaṭṭhahati.
见闻此殊胜成就后,有位名为瓦萨迦罗的摩揭陀巨富,爱子欲赠予其父王,遂向其父述说。父王放下退转心意,常常接近这位法军统领,听法坚信,剃度出家,修成具足的行相,侍奉长老。
Tena ca samayena therassa aññataro ābādho uppanno, tassa bhesajjatthāya uttaro sāmaṇero pātova pattacīvaramādāya vihārato nikkhanto antarāmagge taḷākassa samīpe pattaṃ ṭhapetvā udakasamīpaṃ gantvā mukhaṃ dhovati. Atha aññataro umaṅgacoro katakammo ārakkhapurisehi anubaddho aggamaggena nagarato nikkhamitvā palāyanto attanā gahitaṃ ratanabhaṇḍitaṃ sāmaṇerassa patte pakkhipitvā palāyi. Sāmaṇeropi pattasamīpaṃ upagato. Coraṃ anubandhantā rājapurisā sāmaṇerassa patte bhaṇḍikaṃ disvā ‘‘ayaṃ coro, iminā coriyaṃ kata’’nti sāmaṇeraṃ pacchābāhaṃ bandhitvā vassakārassa brāhmaṇassa dassesuṃ. Vassakāro ca tadā rañño vinicchaye niyutto hutvā chejjabhejjaṃ anusāsati, so ‘‘pubbe mama vacanaṃ nādiyi, suddhapāsaṇḍiyesu pabbajī’’ti (theragā. aṭṭha. 1.uttarattheragāthāvaṇṇanā) kammaṃ asodhetvā ghātukāmattāva jīvantameva taṃ sūle uttāsesi.
此时,有一比库长老患病,为治病起身洗面。途中,有入侵强盗与守护者搏斗,强盗逃离时将珍宝投入比库持物,强盗随后被捉。追踪盗贼的王宫侍卫见宝物,断定此人为盗,捆绑该比库,送至法军统领瓦萨迦罗处。瓦萨迦罗奉命审问,曾言“我昔日未传言,出家者不染污,今因杀欲被刺此矛”,因未净除业故,应受此苦。
Athassa bhagavā ñāṇaparipākaṃ oloketvā taṃ ṭhānaṃ gantvā vipphurantahatthanakhamaṇimayūkhasambhinnasitābhatāya paggharantajātihiṅgulakasuvaṇṇarasadhāraṃ viya jālāguṇṭhitamudutalunadīghaṅgulihatthaṃ uttarassa sīse ṭhapetvā ‘‘uttara, idaṃ te purimakammassa phalaṃ uppannaṃ, tattha tayā paccavekkhaṇabalena adhivāsanā kātabbā’’ti vatvā ajjhāsayānurūpaṃ dhammaṃ desesi. Uttaro amatābhisekasadisena satthu hatthasamphassena sañjātappasādasomanassatāya uḷārapītipāmojjaṃ paṭilabhitvā yathāparicitaṃ vipassanāmaggaṃ samārūḷho ñāṇassa paripākaṃ gatattā satthu ca desanāvilāsena tāvadeva maggapaṭipāṭiyā sabbe kilese khepetvā chaḷabhiñño ahosi. Chaḷabhiñño pana hutvā sūlato uṭṭhahitvā parānuddayāya ākāse ṭhatvā pāṭihāriyaṃ dassesi. Mahājano acchariyabbhutacittajāto ahosi. Tāvadevassa vaṇo saṃrūḷhi, so bhikkhūhi, ‘‘āvuso, tādisadukkhaṃ anubhavanto kathaṃ tvaṃ vipassanaṃ anuyuñjituṃ asakkhī’’ti puṭṭho, ‘‘pageva me, āvuso, saṃsāre ādīnavo, saṅkhārānañca sabhāvo sudiṭṭho, evāhaṃ tādisaṃ dukkhaṃ anubhavantopi asakkhiṃ vipassanaṃ vaḍḍhetvā visesaṃ adhigantu’’nti āha. ‘‘Pubbajātiyā daharakāle makkhikaṃ gahetvā nimbasūlakaṃ gahetvā sūlāropanakīḷaṃ paṭicca evaṃ anekajātisatesu sūlāropanadukkhamanubhavitvā imāya pariyosānajātiyā evarūpaṃ dukkhamanubhūta’’nti āha.
世尊参透智慧圆满,至彼处,用无上智慧观照,金光如极细长金柱般环绕顶上,说:“北方,此为你过去行为果报。于此用见力应随时安住法中。”北方得世尊宝手触感生欢喜喜悦,升入熟知的观照之道,智慧成熟,众苦因断,是为六通者。六通已得起身于矛上,示现神异;大众心生惊异。众人问他:“兄弟,既历诸苦,为何不能修习观照?”他说:“尊者,是因我初生火炼,百次轮回中又多苦苦,因故愈加坚学观照。”又言:“前生幼时,多受蜂螫、荨麻刺刺等苦,借助刺染身受苦诸苦,今此生苦因即由是也。”
§55
55. Atha aparabhāge pubbakammaṃ saritvā somanassajāto pubbacaritāpadānaṃ pakāsento sumedho nāma sambuddhotiādimāha. Tattha anuttānapadavaṇṇanameva karissāma.
五十五、接着在后半部分,苏曼那萨生起,回忆前世所作的善业,流露出先前行为的光辉,称为名叫苏美多的正觉者。对此,我们仅作无上地位的说明。
§57
57.Vijjādharo tadā āsinti bāhirakamantādivijjāsiddhiyā ākāsagāmisamattho hutvā caraṇavasena taṃ vijjaṃ rakkhitvā avināsetvā pariharaṇavasena vijjādharayoni āsiṃ ahosinti attho. Antalikkhacaro ahanti antaṃ pariyosānaṃ koṭiṃ likhate saṃkarissatīti antalikkhaṃ. Atha vā antaṃ pariyosānaṃ likhyate olokiyate etenāti antalikkhaṃ, tasmiṃ antalikkhe, ākāse caraṇasīlo ahanti attho. Tisūlaṃ sukataṃ gayhāti tikhiṇaṃ sūlaṃ, aggaṃ āvudhaṃ. Tisūlaṃ sundaraṃ kataṃ, koṭṭanaghaṃsanamaddanapaharaṇavasena suṭṭhu kataṃ sūlāvudhaṃ gayha gahetvā ambarato gacchāmīti attho. Sesaṃ sabbaṃ heṭṭhā vuttanayattāva nayānuyogena suviññeyyamevāti.
五十七、当时名为智持者者,因外境思想等禅定功德而成就通达虚空行者的能力,以行脚修持方式守护智慧,保持不坏,以守护智慧为本源,故称为智持者。所谓虚空行者,是指在空间内行脚者。所谓虚空,是虚空的极限、边界、终结。有人说,这终结是虚空的记载或组合,故名虚空。或说,终结被写出、观察,所以名为虚空。于此虚空中,以行脚为德行者意义。所谓三叉精锐武器之名,即三叉尖锐长矛,最上端的武器。三叉利器美好制成,能破砍坚坚不敌者,故称长矛武器,携持持用而行于空中。余下诸义详见下文指示,依顺教法得深解。
Uttarattheraapadānavaṇṇanā samattā. · 伍答罗长老譬喻注释完结。
7. Aparauttarattheraapadānavaṇṇanā七、阿巴拉伍答拉长老譬喻义释
Sattamāpadāne nibbute lokanāthamhītiādikaṃ āyasmato aparassa uttarattherassa apadānaṃ. Ayampi purimabuddhesu katādhikāro tattha tattha bhave vivaṭṭūpanissayāni puññāni upacinanto ito catunnavutikappe siddhatthassa bhagavato kāle kulagehe nibbattitvā vayappatto viññutaṃ patvā sāsane laddhappasādo hutvā upāsakattaṃ nivedesi. So satthari parinibbute attano ñātake sannipātetvā bahupūjāsakkāraṃ saṃharitvā dhātupūjaṃ akāsi. So tena puññakammena devamanussesu saṃsaranto imasmiṃ buddhuppāde sākete brāhmaṇakule nibbattitvā uttaroti laddhanāmo vayappatto kenacideva karaṇīyena sāvatthiṃ gato kaṇḍambamūle kataṃ yamakapāṭihāriyaṃ disvā pasīditvā puna kāḷakārāmasuttadesanāya abhivaḍḍhamānasaddho pabbajitvā satthārā saddhiṃ rājagahaṃ gantvā upasampadaṃ labhitvā tatheva caranto vipassanaṃ paṭṭhapetvā nacirasseva chaḷabhiñño ahosi. Chaḷabhiñño pana hutvā satthari sāvatthiyaṃ viharante buddhupaṭṭhānatthaṃ rājagahato sāvatthiṃ upagato bhikkhūhi – ‘‘kiṃ, āvuso, pabbajjākiccaṃ tayā matthakaṃ pāpita’’nti puṭṭho aññaṃ byākāsi.
七、于此功德经文中,有“涅槃之世主”等词句,是长老阿婆尊大长老的经文。此人于前佛世中积累善业,因功德果报,于第四十九劫佛灭度时,出生于贵族家庭,历经岁月,智慧明达,得已在教法中安住,乃供养近事居士。等至佛灭度,彼集会亲属,除去众多敬礼礼仪,礼奉舍利塔。历彼善业,人天中转生,于此佛出世的沙凯特城婆罗门族中出生,名义为乌塔罗,年迈时由某善士引领至萨瓦提,见证奇异异相,欢喜坚定,受持《时光庵经》教义,出家依止佛及弟子,修行禅观,不久证得六通。成六通后,经师常驻沙瓦提,为佛法守护,至王舍城与比库会集时,曾问问他:“善友,你出家修行之因缘,何事以为本乎?”他则另有阐述。
§93
93. Arahattaṃ pana patvā somanassajāto attano pubbacaritāpadānaṃ pakāsento nibbute lokanāthamhītiādimāha. Taṃ sabbaṃ heṭṭhā vuttanayattā uttānatthamevāti.
九十三、证阿拉汉果之后,苏曼那萨现起,流露自他前世业果,称为“涅槃之世主”等称谓。对于诸义,皆遵从下文所说的明白述说。
Aparauttarattheraapadānavaṇṇanā samattā. · 阿巴拉伍答拉长老譬喻义释完毕。
8. Bhaddajittheraapadānavaṇṇanā八、跋达基长老譬喻义释
Aṭṭhamāpadāne ogayhāhaṃ pokkharaṇintiādikaṃ āyasmato bhaddajittherassa apadānaṃ. Ayampi purimabuddhesu katādhikāro tattha tattha bhave vivaṭṭūpanissayāni puññāni upacinanto padumuttarassa bhagavato kāle brāhmaṇakule nibbattitvā viññutaṃ patto brāhmaṇānaṃ vijjāsippesu pāraṃ gantvā kāme pahāya tāpasapabbajjaṃ pabbajitvā araññāyatane assamaṃ kāretvā vasanto ekadivasaṃ satthāraṃ ākāsena gacchantaṃ disvā pasannamānaso añjaliṃ paggayha aṭṭhāsi. Satthā tassa ajjhāsayaṃ disvā ākāsato otari. Otiṇṇassa pana bhagavato madhuñca bhisamuḷālañca sappikhīrañca upanāmesi, tassa taṃ bhagavā anukammaṃ upādāya paṭiggahetvā anumodanaṃ katvā pakkāmi. So tena puññakammena tusitesu nibbatto tattha yāvatāyukaṃ ṭhatvā tato cuto aparāparaṃ sugatīsuyeva saṃsaranto vipassissa bhagavato kāle mahaddhano seṭṭhi hutvā aṭṭhasaṭṭhibhikkhusatasahassaṃ bhojetvā ticīvarena acchādesi.
八、于此功德经文,有“锄草池塘”等语,是长老婆茶吉尊者的经文。此人于前佛世中积累善业,因功德果报,于佛世尊跋陀罗尊者时代,在婆罗门家族中出生,证得明智,转向婆罗门智慧教习,弃欲出家入林修苦行,隐居禅定道场,与导师同住一天,见导师行于虚空,心生欢喜合掌礼敬。导师见其诚敬,现身下降,赠予珍蜜糕、椰乳与醍醐,感其恭敬而加持赐教,令其欢喜前往忉利天生天。彼又度化人世,于佛灭度后,转生为富有商主,供养八十六人、六千八百比库,覆以三衣布供养。
Evaṃ bahuṃ kusalaṃ katvā devaloke nibbatti. Tattha yāvatāyukaṃ ṭhatvā tato cavitvā manussalokesu uppanno buddhasuññe loke pañca paccekabuddhasatāni catūhi paccayehi upaṭṭhahitvā tato cuto rājakule nibbattitvā rajjaṃ anusāsanto attano puttaṃ paccekabodhiṃ adhigantvā ṭhitaṃ upaṭṭhahitvā tassa parinibbutassa dhātuyo gahetvā cetiyaṃ katvā pūjesi. Evaṃ tattha tattha tāni tāni puññāni katvā imasmiṃ buddhuppāde bhaddiyanagare asītikoṭivibhavassa bhaddiyaseṭṭhissa ekaputtako hutvā nibbatti, bhaddajītissa nāmaṃ ahosi. Tassa kira issariyabhogaparivārasampatti carimabhave bodhisattassa viya ahosi.
如此行诸多善业,生天界享福。于天界久住后,舍去天身,生于人间无佛出世的时代,守护五百尊缘觉佛,住于四缘佛处,之后转生王侯家族,治理国家,教导儿子,令其得于他方成就辟支佛果,常守护圣者舍利,建造佛塔供养。于此诸处,行种种善业,于此佛出世的吉利邑中,为富有大地主的独子,名为婆茶吉。其业福比当年菩萨最盛,堪称业主之王。
Tadā satthā sāvatthiyaṃ vasitvā bhaddajikumāraṃ saṅgaṇhanatthāya mahatā bhikkhusaṅghena saddhiṃ bhaddiyanagaraṃ gantvā jātiyāvane vasi tassa ñāṇaparipākaṃ āgamayamāno. Sopi uparipāsāde nisinno sīhapañjaraṃ vivaritvā olokento bhagavato santike dhammaṃ sotuṃ gacchantaṃ mahājanaṃ disvā, ‘‘katthāyaṃ mahājano gacchatī’’ti pucchitvā taṃ kāraṇaṃ sutvā sayampi mahatā parivārena satthu santikaṃ gantvā dhammaṃ suṇanto sabbābharaṇapaṭimaṇḍitova sabbakilese khepetvā arahattaṃ pāpuṇi. Arahatte pana tena adhigate satthā bhaddiyaseṭṭhiṃ āmantesi – ‘‘tava putto alaṅkatapaṭiyatto dhammaṃ suṇanto arahatte patiṭṭhāsi, tenassa idāneva pabbajituṃ yuttaṃ, no ce pabbajissati, parinibbāyissatī’’ti. Seṭṭhi ‘‘na mayhaṃ puttassa daharasseva sato parinibbānena kiccaṃ atthi, pabbājetha na’’nti āha. Taṃ satthā pabbājetvā upasampādetvā tattha sattāhaṃ vasitvā koṭigāmaṃ pāpuṇi, so ca gāmo gaṅgātīre ahosi . Koṭigāmavāsino ca buddhappamukhassa bhikkhusaṅghassa mahādānaṃ pavattesuṃ. Bhaddajitthero satthārā anumodanāya āraddhamattāya bahigāmaṃ gantvā ‘‘gaṅgātīre maggasamīpe satthu āgatakāle vuṭṭhahissāmī’’ti kālaparicchedaṃ katvā aññatarasmiṃ rukkhamūle samāpattiṃ samāpajjitvā nisīdi. Mahātheresu āgacchantesupi avuṭṭhahitvā satthu āgatakāleyeva vuṭṭhāsi. Puthujjanā bhikkhū – ‘‘ayaṃ adhunā pabbajito, mahātheresu āgacchantesu mānathaddho hutvā na vuṭṭhāsī’’ti ujjhāyiṃsu.
当时,世尊住在舍卫城。为了接引巴达吉上层贵族少年,带领广大比库僧团,一同前往巴达吉城,住在出生林中,指导他智觉的成熟。世尊端坐于高楼殿院,展开狮子笼门环视四方,见到众多修行者向佛学习法义,便问道:‘这里来往的众多修行者来自何处?’听闻其因由后,世尊也同样在众多弟子簇拥下,亲近世尊,聆听教法。身披饰满各种圣物,心中断除一切烦恼,证得阿拉汉果位。世尊于证得果位之后,特地劝说巴达吉长老说:“你的儿子放下华丽服饰,听闻佛法后,已经证得阿拉汉果位。此时正适宜出家。如果不出家修行,恐难于涅槃。”长老答曰:“我对儿子年少时尚无涅槃之事,断不会让他出家。”说毕,世尊便为该少年出家、受具足戒而作引导。少年轻安住一周后,赴名为聚落之村,该村位于恒河河畔。村民因缘佛陀为首之比库僧团,纷纷布施圣物。巴达吉长老为庆贺圣者莅临,起身外出乡野,言:“我将在恒河河畔紧邻正道上,等待导师到来。”言毕,择一树下入定,端坐静观。几位长老来临,见他未起,心中生疑诧异,议论纷纷,谓“此少年新出家,竟不如长老们来时起立相迎。”
Koṭigāmavāsino satthu bhikkhusaṅghassa ca bahū nāvāsaṅghāṭe bandhiṃsu. Satthā ‘‘bhaddajissānubhāvaṃ pakāsemī’’ti nāvāya ṭhatvā ‘‘kahaṃ bhaddajī’’ti pucchi. Bhaddajitthero – ‘‘sohaṃ, bhante’’ti satthāraṃ upasaṅkamitvā añjaliṃ katvā aṭṭhāsi. Satthā ‘‘ehi, bhaddaji, amhehi saddhiṃ ekanāvaṃ abhiruhā’’ti. So uppatitvā satthu ṭhitanāvāyaṃ aṭṭhāsi. Satthā gaṅgāya majjhe gatakāle, ‘‘bhaddaji, tayā mahāpanādakāle ajjhāvuṭṭharatanapāsādo kaha’’nti āha. ‘‘Imasmiṃ ṭhāne nimuggo, bhante’’ti. ‘‘Tena hi, bhaddaji, sabrahmacārīnaṃ kaṅkhaṃ chindā’’ti. Tasmiṃ khaṇe thero satthāraṃ vanditvā iddhibalena gantvā pāsādathūpikaṃ pādaṅgulantarena sannirujjhitvā pañcavīsatiyojanaṃ pāsādaṃ gahetvā ākāse uppati, uppatanto ca paññāsayojanāni ukkhipi. Athassa purimabhave ñātakā pāsādagatena lobhena macchakacchapamaṇḍūkā hutvā nibbattā tasmiṃ pāsāde uṭṭhahante parivattitvā patiṃsu. Satthā te sampatante disvā ‘‘ñātakā te, bhaddaji, kilamantī’’ti āha. Thero satthu vacanena pāsādaṃ vissajjesi. Pāsādo yathāṭhāneyeva patiṭṭhahi. Satthā pāraṅgato bhikkhūhi – ‘‘kadā, bhante, bhaddajittherena ayaṃ pāsādo ajjhāvuṭṭho’’ti puṭṭho mahāpanādajātakaṃ (jā. 1.3.40 ādayo) kathetvā bahujanaṃ dhammāmataṃ pāyesi.
聚落村众的比库们,为佛陀的僧团宽敞住所搭建了多数新的阁楼。世尊即承诺“将展示巴达吉长老的德行”,登上船只问道:“巴达吉在何处?”长老答曰:“我在这里,世尊。”遂前来世尊近前,双手合掌顶礼,站立虔诚。世尊说:“来吧,巴达吉,与我们一道同乘这只独木舟。”他起身,站立于世尊所立船只。船只行至恒河正中时,世尊问:“巴达吉,您那在河岸建筑时怒气冲冲时所住的高殿在哪里?”巴达吉答:“在此处潜入水中,世尊。”世尊又言:“正是由此断除了众多在家修行者的疑虑。”话音刚落,长老顶礼世尊,顺着神力飞升,托起脚趾,用手指固定着小殿,携带二十五由旬的殿宇升空飞翔,越飞越高,高达五十由旬。此前今世,他的亲戚们因贪婪心,化为鱼、龟、蛙等水中众生,游动环绕该高殿。见此情状,世尊说道:“巴达吉,你的亲戚们正四处作乱。”长老出世尊命令,令高殿恢复原状,殿宇如故地矗立于原位。世尊又对远方比库们说:“诸比库们,何时巴达吉长老所建高殿将被重新发现?”乃讲述伟大怒气生起之故事,将治法广传众生。
§98
98. Thero pana arahattaṃ patto pubbasambhāraṃ saritvā somanassajāto pubbacaritāpadānaṃ pakāsetuṃ ogayhāhaṃ pokkharaṇintiādimāha. Tattha ogayhāhaṃ pokkharaṇinti puthunānāanekamahoghehi khaṇitattā ‘‘pokkharaṇī’’ti laddhanāmaṃ jalāsayaṃ ogayha ogahetvā pavisitvā ajjhogāhetvā ghāsahetukhādanatthāya tattha pokkharaṇiyaṃ pavisitvā bhisaṃ padumapuṇḍarīkamūlaṃ uddharāmīti attho. Sesaṃ heṭṭhā vuttanayattā uttānapadatthattā ca nayānusārena suviññeyyamevāti.
第九十八品。已证阿拉汉果位的长老,回顾昔昔生前行状,心生欢喜,启示过去行为的善恶。讲述一处名为欧迦哈摩波迦拉尼(ogayhāhaṃ pokkharaṇi)等多种凹陷深池的含义。其中“波迦拉尼”意为凹陷的水塘。释义言及残余文字的先后次序,承接文义,俱是明了易知的。
Bhaddajittheraapadānavaṇṇanā samattā. · 跋达基长老譬喻义释完毕。
9. Sivakattheraapadānavaṇṇanā九、西瓦咖长老譬喻义释
Navamāpadāne esanāya carantassātiādikaṃ āyasmato sivakattherassa apadānaṃ. Ayampi purimabuddhesu katādhikāro tattha tattha bhave vivaṭṭūpanissayāni puññāni upacinanto vipassissa bhagavato kāle kulagehe nibbattitvā viññutaṃ patto ekadivasaṃ bhagavantaṃ piṇḍāya carantaṃ disvā pasannamānaso pattaṃ ādāya kummāsassa pūretvā adāsi. So tena puññakammena devamanussesu saṃsaranto imasmiṃ buddhuppāde rājagahe brāhmaṇakulagehe nibbattitvā sivakotissa nāmaṃ ahosi. So vayappatto vijjāsippesu nipphattiṃ gato nekkhammajjhāsayatāya kāme pahāya tāpasapabbajjaṃ pabbajitvā vicaranto satthāraṃ upasaṅkamitvā dhammaṃ sutvā paṭiladdhasaddho pabbajitvā vipassanāya kammaṃ karonto nacirasseva arahattaṃ pāpuṇi.
第九十八品,西瓦迦长老所作本生故事。此亦为古佛事迹中之一段。述及诸佛时代中恩赐、因缘因果的层层记录。西瓦迦长老因诸功德,生于婆罗门之家,遇正觉如来的时节,获得觉悟。一日,他托着饭钵乞食,心中欢喜安详,照顾生小孩的母亲,满心欢喜地奉献饭食。因得此功德,转世为天、人、龙、鬼诸众生,最终于正觉如来降世之时,于舍卫城婆罗门家中再生,名为西瓦迦。年老后学业圆满,离俗入道,舍欲修苦行,出家随顺世尊,听闻佛法,坚信正法,修习观照智,迅速证阿拉汉果。后来,西瓦迦长老成为世尊的近侍。那时,世尊身染风病。一位婆罗门名为德瓦希多,在舍卫城住持,侍奉和照顾西瓦迦长老。婆罗门协助长老完成其四种因缘。其后,身着袈裟的长老前往婆罗门居处。婆罗门问:‘我以何种方式,可令长老到来?’长老便向婆罗门解说……
§117
117. Arahattaṃ patvā somanassajāto attano pubbacaritāpadānaṃ pakāsento esanāya carantassātiādimāha. Taṃ sabbaṃ suviññeyyamevāti.
第117品。此乃忆述,已证阿拉汉果的长老,以欢喜心述说自己过往世间行持恶业,现已显现彻悟的境地。此义广大明了。
Sivakattheraapadānavaṇṇanā samattā. · 西瓦咖长老譬喻义释完毕。
10. Upavānattheraapadānavaṇṇanā10. 伍波瓦那长老譬喻义注
Dasamāpadāne padumuttaro nāma jinotiādikaṃ āyasmato upavānattherassa apadānaṃ. Ayaṃ kira purimabuddhesu katādhikāro tattha tattha bhave vivaṭṭūpanissayāni puññāni upacinanto kenaci kammacchiddena padumuttarassa bhagavato kāle dalliddakule nibbattitvā viññutaṃ patto bhagavati parinibbute tassa dhātuṃ gahetvā manussadevanāgagaruḷayakkhakumbhaṇḍagandhabbehi sattaratanamaye sattayojanike thūpe kate tattha sudhotaṃ attano uttarāsaṅgaṃ veḷagge ābandhitvā dhajaṃ katvā pūjaṃ akāsi. Taṃ gahetvā abhisammatako nāma yakkhasenāpati devehi cetiyapūjārakkhaṇatthaṃ ṭhapito adissamānakāyo ākāse dhārento cetiyaṃ tikkhattuṃ padakkhiṇaṃ akāsi. Taṃ disvā bhiyyosomattāya pasannamānaso ahosi. So tena puññakammena devamanussesu saṃsaranto imasmiṃ buddhuppāde sāvatthiyaṃ brāhmaṇakule nibbattitvā upavānoti laddhanāmo vayappatto jetavanapaṭiggahaṇe buddhānubhāvaṃ disvā paṭiladdhasaddho pabbajitvā vipassanāya kammaṃ karonto chaḷabhiñño ahosi. Athāyasmā upavāno bhagavato upaṭṭhāko ahosi . Tena ca samayena bhagavato vātābādho uppajji. Therassa gihisahāyo devahito nāma brāhmaṇo sāvatthiyaṃ paṭivasati. So theraṃ catūhi paccayehi pavāresi. Athāyasmā upavāno nivāsetvā pattacīvaraṃ gahetvā tassa brāhmaṇassa nivesanaṃ upagañchi. Brāhmaṇo ‘‘kenaci maññe payojanena thero āgato bhavissatī’’ti ñatvā ‘‘vadeyyātha, bhante, kenattho’’ti āha. Thero tassa brāhmaṇassa payojanaṃ ācikkhanto –
第十品记载,波德摩多长老出家本生故事。此乃古佛事迹中之一段。记载其在过去诸佛时代时,累积了善行,善根成熟,因果荟萃。波德摩多于正觉如来涅槃之时,在大衰落时期,于贵族家庭出生,心念明了,祭拜佛陀遗物,以七宝堆成七由旬高塔。在塔顶盖上白盖部,插上旗帜,敬奉供养。为守护塔庙,一位名为阿毗萨马塔的夜叉众酋长率众天神守护。该酋长形貌庄严于空中持塔,多次绕塔巡行。见此盛状,众生欢喜发愿。波德摩多依靠此功德,转世于舍卫城婆罗门之家,名曰波德摩多。年老元气充足,长于智慧,远离俗世,专心修行,舍弃欲乐,发起苦行出家。常伴随世尊,听法受戒,承诺持戒,行观修习,以此而早速证得神通通达的阿拉汉果位。后来,波德摩多长老乃成为世尊的侍者。有时世尊病中受风寒。一位婆罗门,名为德瓦希多,在舍卫城教化善行,侍奉长老。如此,婆罗门照顾长老诸依缘。长老居处时脱下衣钵,前往婆罗门住所。婆罗门问曰:“以何理由,尊者您到来?”尊者便解说……
‘‘Arahaṃ sugato loke, vātehābādhiko muni;
『阿拉汉』者,于世间为『善逝』,是无风疾苦的圣者;
Sace uṇhodakaṃ atthi, munino dehi brāhmaṇa.
若有热水,请比卢摩,将其呈献。
‘‘Pūjito pūjaneyyānaṃ, sakkareyyāna sakkato;
『受敬者』是被敬礼者,诸天、大梵天及梵尊皆为受敬;
Apacitopaceyyānaṃ, tassa icchāmi hātave’’ti. (theragā. 185-186) –
『被轻慢者』为被轻慢对待者,愿为此除去他之轻慢。」(长老诗歌185-186)——
Gāthādvayaṃ abhāsi.
此两偈已说。
Tassattho – yo imasmiṃ loke pūjaneyyānaṃ pūjetabbehi sakkādīhi devehi mahābrahmādīhi ca brahmehi pūjito, sakkareyyānaṃ sakkātabbehi bimbisārakosalarājādīhi sakkato, apaceyyānaṃ apacāyitabbehi mahesīhi khīṇāsavehi apacito, kilesehi ārakattādinā arahaṃ, sobhanagamanādinā sugato sabbaññū muni mayhaṃ satthā devadevo sakkānaṃ atisakko brahmānaṃ atibrahmā, so dāni vātehi vātahetu vātakkhobhanimittaṃ ābādhiko jāto. Sace , brāhmaṇa, uṇhodakaṃ atthi, tassa vātābādhavūpasamanatthaṃ taṃ hātave upanetuṃ icchāmīti.
其意是:于此世间,众所当敬者,诸天、伟大梵天及诸梵尊俱为敬礼;应受尊敬者为释迦族王比姆比萨拉等诸王;被轻慢者为除尽烦恼之大德尊女,如洁净者般为轻慢;因烦恼障碍及其盘绕,阿拉汉者、净行者、光明行者为善逝,具足一切智,吾师是诸天之天、诸梵之梵,诸王之王,是无上最尊。今彼因风而生病。设有热水,比卢摩,请为他带来以解风疾。
Taṃ sutvā brāhmaṇo uṇhodakaṃ tadanurūpaṃ vātaharañca bhesajjaṃ bhagavato upanāmesi. Tena ca satthu rogo vūpasami. Tassa bhagavā anumodanaṃ akāsi.
闻此,婆罗门备齐净水及适合的解风热药,将之献与世尊。因而,佛陀的病得以缓解。世尊对此表示赞同。
§122
122. Athāyasmā upavāno aparabhāge attano pubbakammaṃ saritvā somanassajāto pubbacaritāpadānaṃ pakāsento padumuttaro nāma jinotiādimāha. Tattha padumuttarotiādīni pubbe vuttatthāneva.
122. 此后,尊者优跋难在早晨时分回忆自己前世所作之善业,心生欢喜,畅说前生所作善行,名曰波头摩多。当中,关于波头摩多的相关事迹,皆依前文所述之义。
§123
123.Mahājanā samāgammāti sakalajambudīpavāsino rāsibhūtāti attho. Citakaṃ katvāti yojanubbedhaṃ candanarāsicitakaṃ katvā bhagavato sarīraṃ tattha abhiropayiṃsūti sambandho.
123. "大众齐聚"者,指整个须弥山下诸族众民汇聚於一处。所谓"成团聚"之意。"造池"者,量以由旬为度,取甘露和檀香水混建,奉献佛陀肉身,此即关联故。
§124
124.Sarīrakiccaṃkatvānāti ādahanāti agginā dahanakiccaṃ katvāti attho.
124. "作肉身之事"者,指以火焰进行烧灼之事。
§127-28
127-28.Jaṅghā maṇimayā āsīti manussehi katathūpe jaṅghā pupphavāhatthaṃ caritaṭṭhānaṃ maṇimayā indanīlamaṇinā katāti attho. Mayampīti sabbe devā thūpaṃ karissāmāti attho.
127-128. "腿如宝石筑",意指人们以宝石打造如宝塔之腿。宝塔乃以宝石、青玉、蓝宝石构成。"我们诸天都将建造宝塔",是谓缘起。
§129
129.Dhātu āveṇikā natthīti devamanussehi visuṃ visuṃ cetiyaṃ kātuṃ āveṇikā visuṃ dhātu natthi, taṃ dassento sarīraṃ ekapiṇḍitanti āha. Adhiṭṭhānabalena sakalasarīradhātu ekaghanasilāmayapaṭimā viya ekameva ahosīti attho. Imamhi buddhathūpamhīti sakalajambudīpavāsīhi katamhi imamhi suvaṇṇathūpamhi mayaṃ sabbe samāgantvā kañcukathūpaṃ karissāmāti attho.
129. “无可侵犯之舍所”不存在者,是说在人天间,缺少能保护佛娃完好无损的舍所。此处论及肉身为一枚众多元素凝结成的完整宝石雕像。意谓拥有坚定根基力,单位整体坚若宝石,无有破损。此处所谓“佛塔”,即普遍须弥山下众生所共建之金塔,未来我们将共结成壳状宝塔。
§133
133.Indanīlaṃ mahānīlanti indīvarapupphavaṇṇābhaṃ maṇi indanīlamaṇi. Tato adhikavaṇṇatā mahāmaṇi indanīlamaṇayo ca mahānīlamaṇayo ca jotirasamaṇijātiraṅgamaṇayo ca ekato sannipātetvā rāsī katvā suvaṇṇathūpe kañcukathūpaṃ katvā achādayunti sambandho.
青黑色如碧蓝宝石,色彩如同蔓延的蔷薇花,宝石称为青碧宝石。其后,色彩愈加鲜明,呈现巨大的宝石——青碧宝石与大青宝石,以及光明般的宝石、玛尼天宝石等数种宝石汇聚成团,堆积成堆,像堆积的金塔、袈裟形的塔,覆盖其上而连结成一体。
§144
144.Paccekaṃbuddhaseṭṭhassāti buddhuttamassa pati ekaṃ visuṃ uparichadanena thūpaṃ akaṃsūti attho.
称为独觉佛至尊者,是指佛的智慧极盛者。关于一座完全由木材包覆的塔,称此为“无缺塔”。
§147
147.Kumbhaṇḍā guyhakātathāti kumbhamattāni aṇḍāni yesaṃ devānaṃ te kumbhaṇḍā, paṭicchādetvā niguhitvā paṭicchādanato garuḷā guyhakā nāma jātā, te kumbhaṇḍā guyhakāpi thūpaṃ akaṃsūti attho.
堕魔鬼及隐秘鬼,意指阴壳般状如蛋的魔鬼,它们为天众之魔鬼。这些魔鬼被遮蔽、隐藏。因遮蔽而出现在世间的隐秘鬼称为鸱鸮鬼。这些魔鬼鬼与隐秘鬼统称为木材包覆的塔的意涵。
§151
151.Atibhonti na tassābhāti tassa cetiyassa pabhaṃ candasūriyatārakānaṃ pabhā na atibhonti, na ajjhottharantīti attho.
塔的光辉并不超过其自身之辉光,太阳、月亮及星辰的光辉亦不胜此塔的光辉,亦不照破该塔。
§158
158.Ahampi kāraṃ kassāmīti tādino lokanāthassa thūpasmiṃ ahampi kāraṃ puññakiriyaṃ kusalakammaṃ dhajapaṭākapūjaṃ karissāmīti attho.
我也愿意为世主在此塔中建造功德事业,行善业,进行旌旗供养。
Upavānattheraapadānavaṇṇanā samattā. · 伍波瓦那长老譬喻义注完毕。
11. Raṭṭhapālattheraapadānavaṇṇanā11. 勒踏巴喇长老譬喻义注
Ekādasamāpadāne padumuttarassa bhagavatotiādikaṃ āyasmato raṭṭhapālattherassa apadānaṃ. Ayampi purimabuddhesu katādhikāro tattha tattha bhave vivaṭṭūpanissayāni puññāni upacinanto padumuttarassa bhagavato kāle tassa uppattito puretarameva haṃsavatīnagare gahapatimahāsālakule nibbattitvā vayappatto pitu accayena gharāvāse patiṭṭhito ratanakoṭṭhāgārakammikena dassitaṃ aparimāṇaṃ kulavaṃsānugataṃ dhanaṃ disvā ‘‘imaṃ ettakaṃ dhanarāsiṃ mayhaṃ ayyakapayyakādayo attanā saddhiṃ gahetvā gantuṃ nāsakkhiṃsu, mayā pana gahetvā gantuṃ vaṭṭatī’’ti cintetvā kapaṇaddhikādīnaṃ mahādānaṃ deti. So abhiññālābhiṃ ekaṃ tāpasaṃ upaṭṭhahanto tena devalokādhipacce uyyojito yāvajīvaṃ puññāni katvā tato cuto devo hutvā nibbatti. So tattha devaloke devarajjaṃ karonto yāvatāyukaṃ ṭhatvā tato cuto manussaloke bhinnaṃ raṭṭhaṃ sandhāretuṃ samatthassa kulassa ekaputto hutvā nibbatti. Tena ca samayena padumuttaro nāma bhagavā loke uppajjitvā pavattitavaradhammacakko veneyyasattaṃ nibbānamahānagarasaṅkhātakhemantabhūmiṃ sampāpesi. Atha so kulaputto anukkamena viññutaṃ patto ekadivasaṃ upāsakehi saddhiṃ vihāraṃ gato satthāraṃ dhammaṃ desentaṃ disvā pasannacitto parisapariyante nisīdi.
这是出自佛弟子尊者国主长老所作的传记之一,记载尊者之前生与过往佛陀的功德因缘。尊者最初生于鸿诚城贵族富饶之家,年老时以王室府库的管理人之子身份,见到无量继承家族财富,心念道:“这些财富如财富家族家人欲携走,我自己携走也没用。”于是以忍辱负重之心,布施旷世的大施。获得神通后,侍奉一位修行者,得以往神界为天王。终其一生不断积累功德,生天后死,轮回为人,能守护破碎国土,转生为有能力单一子嗣的家族中。那时世尊名曰波头灭,初出生世间,转动法轮,开示众生,安住于被称为大城缘起的界土生死;尊者即族子,游行于一日,与居士同住,见尊者宣说圣法,心怀喜悦,环坐听法。
Tena ca samayena satthā ekaṃ bhikkhuṃ saddhāpabbajitānaṃ aggaṭṭhāne ṭhapesi, taṃ disvā pasannamānaso tadatthāya cittaṃ ṭhapetvā satasahassabhikkhuparivārassa bhagavato mahatā sakkārena sattāhaṃ mahādānaṃ pavattetvā paṇidhānaṃ akāsi. Satthā tassa anantarāyena ijjhanabhāvaṃ disvā ‘‘anāgate gotamassa nāma sammāsambuddhassa sāsane saddhāpabbajitānaṃ aggo bhavissatī’’ti byākāsi. So satthāraṃ bhikkhusaṅghañca vanditvā uṭṭhāyāsanā pakkāmi. So tattha yāvatāyukaṃ puññāni katvā tato cavitvā devamanussesu saṃsaranto ito dvānavutikappe phussassa bhagavato kāle satthu vemātikabhātikesu tīsu rājaputtesu satthāraṃ upaṭṭhahantesu tesaṃ puññakiriyāya sahāyakiccaṃ akāsi. Evaṃ tattha tattha bhave taṃ taṃ bahuṃ kusalaṃ upacinitvā sugatīsuyeva saṃsaranto imasmiṃ buddhuppāde kururaṭṭhe thullakoṭṭhikanigame raṭṭhapālaseṭṭhigehe nibbatti, tassa bhinnaṃ raṭṭhaṃ sandhāretuṃ samatthe kule nibbattattā raṭṭhapāloti vaṃsānugatameva nāmaṃ ahosi. So mahatā parivārena vaḍḍhanto anukkamena yobbanaṃ patto mātāpitūhi patirūpena dārena saṃyojetvā mahante ca yase patiṭṭhāpito dibbasampattisadisaṃ sampattiṃ paccanubhoti. Atha bhagavā kururaṭṭhe janapadacārikaṃ caranto thullakoṭṭhikaṃ anupāpuṇi. Taṃ sutvā raṭṭhapālo kulaputto satthāraṃ upasaṅkamitvā satthu santike dhammaṃ sutvā paṭiladdhasaddho sattavāre bhattacchede katvā kicchena kasirena mātāpitaro anujānāpetvā satthāraṃ upasaṅkamitvā pabbajjaṃ yācitvā satthu āṇattiyā aññatarassa therassa santike pabbajitvā yonisomanasikārena kammaṃ karonto vipassanaṃ vaḍḍhetvā arahattaṃ pāpuṇi.
彼时,世尊在一处,为一位具足信心而出家比库安置立处。见此情景,心生欢喜,为此目的专一用心,率领百万比库众,于世尊的大威德前,于一星期之中,施予巨大布施,许下宏愿。世尊见到无碍之禅定相,告知曰:“未来时代中,名为果德玛的正觉者出世,信心坚定的出家比库,将成为尊首。”于是,世尊与比库僧团受礼,起身离座而去。彼时,他积累至多福德,离开后转生于天人与人间,历经两万年,适逢世尊时代,护持世尊的三位王子比库,辅助其修福作善。如此处处生于不断善业,周游诸圣人所,转生于此佛世间的古鲁之国中大族别墅,即大穷族集聚之处。由此族中出生,成为邦主,世族分治,邦主之名依族谱世袭传承。他随著广大随从,渐次成长为青年,以父母为重,以妻役为连结,建立了显赫大名,享受天界福报般之财富。后来,世尊游行古鲁国境,来至大穷族大族集居处。闻此,邦主之子护法,比库前来,近侍世尊,听闻佛法,笃信受持,历七周,断食施戒,得父母许可,向佛乞求受戒,承佛命于某长老面前出家,精进修行,增长观慧,遂证阿拉汉果。
§179-180
179-180. Athāyasmā aparabhāge attano pubbakammaṃ saritvā somanassajāto pubbacaritāpadānaṃ pakāsento padumuttarassa bhagavatotiādimāha. Sunāgo so mayā dinnoti tadā mahādhanaseṭṭhi hutvā sabbaṃ sāpateyyaṃ dānamukhe vissajjanasamaye sattappatiṭṭho sundaro nāgo hatthirājā mayā dinno ahosi. Taṃ dassento īsādantotiādimāha. Īsādanto rathaīsappamāṇadanto, so mayā dinno hatthināgo. Urūḷhavāti rājāvahanayoggasamattho, rājāraho vā. Setacchattoti alaṅkāratthāya upaṭṭhahanasetacchattasahitoti attho. Pasobhitoti ārohapariṇāhavā rūpasobhāhi sampannoti attho. Sakappano sahatthipoti hatthialaṅkārasahito hatthigopakasahitoti attho. Itthambhūto hatthināgo padumuttarassa bhagavato mayā dinnoti attho.
179-180。时,具寿比库回忆前世业缘,喜悦自在,述说先前生世行布施事迹,称颂尊者莲花长老为世尊。时,有富饶巨贾名唤苏那戈,宣称我颁施所赐。此人与富饶大富豪同处,布施场合,众多信众齐聚,壮丽如洁白天鹅。宣称象王王者赠我禀命,授予我大象。述象王赐予特质曰:牙似车辕,长牙兵器状,由我所赐。象能驾御马车,于王室驾御合宜。象拥有装饰贵族伞盖,是供养时使用之华丽装具。象胎胎生育,品貌非凡,佩戴象饰,乃供养于世尊莲花长老所生象之象。
§181
181.Mayā bhattaṃ kāretvānāti mayā kārāpitavihāre vasantānaṃ koṭisaṅkhānaṃ bhikkhūnaṃ niccabhattaṃ paṭṭhapetvā mahesino niyyādesinti sambandho.
181。我托付膳食之意为:我委托供养场所,设立常年供养十亿比库的固定膳食,且由大君主发布此命令。
§183
183.Jalajuttamanāmakoti jalato jāto jalajo, kiṃ taṃ? Padumaṃ, padumena samānanāmattā uttamattā ca padumuttaro nāma bhagavāti attho. Sesaṃ sabbattha uttānatthamevāti.
183。名曰『水生诸宝』,意谓生于水中之珍宝。所谓水生者,如莲花,意其名称与莲相同且品质优胜。称莲花为世尊莲花长老,此意及说法,皆指其品性卓越超绝。
Raṭṭhapālattheraapadānavaṇṇanā samattā. · 勒踏巴喇长老譬喻义注完毕。
Chappaññāsamamahāvaggavaṇṇanā samattā. · 五十六大品义注完毕。
Iti visuddhajanavilāsiniyā apadāna-aṭṭhakathāya · 如是清净人庄严中譬喻义注
Ettāvatā buddhapaccekabuddhasāvakattherāpadāna-aṭṭhakathā samattā. · 至此,佛陀、辟支佛、声闻长老譬喻注疏完毕。
Nigamanakathā结论
Sīhaḷadīpake appicchatādiguṇavantānaṃ theravaṃsappadīpānaṃ ānandattherādīnaṃ sabbasattānaṃ taṇhāmānadiṭṭhādayo chedananiggahavivecanādyatthaṃ sattahi māsehi ativiya ārādhanena laddhakosallena bodhisambhāraṃ gavesantena satidhitigativīriyaparakkamantena mahāsamantaguṇasobhanena tipiṭakadharena paṇḍitena ābhataṃ imaṃ apadāna-aṭṭhakathaṃ sabbo sadevaloko jānātūti.
锡兰岛上,持戒严谨且具多种善根的长老们,世传长老传记如安南长老等,众生断除渴爱与错谬见等多种烦恼之念头,修正止观,勇猛精进,广求菩提资粮。由具足慧解之大论师,具博大三藏学识与威仪,历经七个月极深精勤研习,遂尊证本经注释,令天下世尊弟子皆知晓于此。
Anena lobhādimalā pajānaṃ, cakkhādirogā vividhā ca dukkhā;
由此由慢贪起,生众多愚昧无明,人间诸病眼疾起,及种种苦楚纷纷而生。
Kalahādibhayā dukkhitā jātā, corādayonatthakarā ca loke.
因争斗等恐怖而生忧苦,且世间盗贼等为祸害。
Nassantu me pañca verā ca pāpā, nassantu gimhe yathā vuṭṭhivātā;
愿五恶缘与恶业俱灭,愿如风吹垮屋舍般摧毁。
Aṭṭhaṅgikamaggavarena patvā, nibbānapuraṃ paṭipādayāmi.
遵循八正道法,修行通往涅槃之境。
Sabbadiṭṭhiñca maddanto, rāgadosādipāpake;
摈弃一切邪见,断除令欲、嗔恨等恶法。
Saṃsāravaṭṭaṃ chinditvā, upemi saggamokkhake.
断绝生死轮回,奔向天界得解脱。
Āṇākhettamhi sabbattha, avīcimhi bhavaggato;
于无边地狱及三恶趣中,俱运受生死苦。
Sabbe dhammānuyāyantu, tayo lokā utupi cāti.
诸法皆随从,三界亦如是。
Apadāna-aṭṭhakathā samattā. · 譬喻注疏完毕。