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54. Kaccāyanavaggo · 54. 咖吒亚那品义注

110 段 · CSCD 巴利原典
54. Kaccāyanavaggo五十四、咖吒那品
1. Mahākaccāyanattheraapadānavaṇṇanā一、玛哈咖吒那长老本行注释
Catupaññāsamavagge paṭhamāpadāne padumuttaro nāma jinotiādikaṃ āyasmato mahākaccāyanattherassa apadānaṃ. Ayampi purimabuddhesu katādhikāro tattha tattha bhave vivaṭṭūpanissayāni puññāni upacinanto padumuttarassa bhagavato kāle gahapatimahāsālakule nibbattitvā vuddhippatto ekadivasaṃ satthu santike dhammaṃ suṇanto satthārā saṃkhittena bhāsitassa vitthārena atthaṃ vibhajantānaṃ aggaṭṭhāne ṭhapiyamānaṃ ekaṃ bhikkhuṃ disvā sayampi taṃ ṭhānantaraṃ patthento paṇidhānaṃ katvā dānādīni puññāni katvā devamanussesu saṃsaranto sumedhassa bhagavato kāle vijjādharo hutvā ākāsena gacchanto ekasmiṃ vanasaṇḍe nisinnaṃ bhagavantaṃ disvā pasannamānaso kaṇikārapupphehi pūjaṃ akāsi.
第一品第一敬拜偈中,有一偈赞叹名为波突多罗的尊者长老。此偈亦与古佛时代所作殊无不同,俱因其时各处经历业缘,各种善行得以增长而显现。波突多罗尊者世尊时代,生于地主大户之家,成熟老成。一日他亲近佛陀,聆听简略的开示,逐一细说义理。其时,有一僧人最尊崇他,以持戒为念,受持五戒,并发愿修行布施等诸善行;游走于天人与人间中。波突多罗于世尊时代,作为有学问的比库,身披袈裟,乘风而行。某日,他在森林边缘,见佛陀端坐,心境欢喜庄严,持手捧献细小而芳香的花朵以示供养。
So tena puññena aparāparaṃ sugatīsuyeva parivattento kassapadasabalassa kāle bārāṇasiyaṃ kulagehe nibbattitvā parinibbute bhagavati suvaṇṇacetiyakammaṭṭhāne satasahassagghanikāya suvaṇṇiṭṭhakāya pūjaṃ katvā ‘‘imassa nissandena nibbattanibbattaṭṭhāne sarīraṃ me suvaṇṇavaṇṇaṃ hotū’’ti patthanaṃ akāsi. Tato yāvajīvaṃ kusalakammaṃ katvā ekaṃ buddhantaraṃ devamanussesu saṃsaritvā imasmiṃ buddhuppāde ujjeniyaṃ rañño caṇḍapajjotassa purohitagehe nibbatti, tassa nāmaggahaṇadivase mātā ‘‘mayhaṃ putto suvaṇṇavaṇṇo, attano nāmaṃ gahetvā āgato’’ti kañcanamāṇavotveva nāmaṃ akāsi. So vuddhimanvāya tayo vede uggaṇhitvā pitu accayena purohitaṭṭhānaṃ labhi. So gottavasena kaccāyanoti paññāyittha. Atha rājā caṇḍapajjoto buddhuppādaṃ sutvā, ‘‘ācariya, tumhe tattha gantvā satthāraṃ idhānethā’’ti pesesi. So attaṭṭhamo satthu santikaṃ upagato tassa satthā dhammaṃ desesi, desanāpariyosāne sattahi janehi saddhiṃ saha paṭisambhidāhi arahatte patiṭṭhāsi.
正因为此善业故,他分别往返诸善道中,如净刹蓬勃增长。于迦耶贫农之家生起,一于涅槃般涅般那时,在世尊舍利安置金塔处,以百千宝金佐塔恭敬礼拜,祈愿“我的尸身于此金光辉地得生金色体相。”继而一生以种种善行积聚,往返天堂人间。在世尊出世那时,诞生于刹提族婆罗门家族。诞生当天,母亲称其曰“我儿子肤色金光灿然,此名可取‘金人’。”他知识渊博,识三藏,世袭担任婆罗门祭祀职务,名为迦迦延。时王颇陀瑜多闻闻世尊出世事,遣使者请老者前去引领尊师入城。老者恭敬前往,亲近佛陀讲法讲经。法会终了,与七百余人一道,依止践行智慧,将尊者确立为阿拉汉。
§1
1. So evaṃ pattaarahattaphalo attano pubbakammaṃ saritvā somanassajāto pubbacaritāpadānaṃ pakāsento padumuttaro nāma jinotiādimāha. Taṃ heṭṭhā vuttatthameva. Atha satthā ‘‘etha, bhikkhavo’’ti hatthaṃ pasāresi. Te tāvadeva dvaṅgulamattakesamassuiddhimayapattacīvaradharā vassasaṭṭhikattherā viya ahesuṃ. Evaṃ thero sadatthaṃ nipphādetvā, ‘‘bhante, rājā pajjoto tumhākaṃ pāde vandituṃ dhammañca sotuṃ icchatī’’ti ārocesi. Satthā ‘‘tvaṃyeva, kaccāna, tattha gaccha, tayi gate rājā pasīdissatī’’ti āha. Thero satthu āṇāya attaṭṭhamo tattha gantvā rājānaṃ pasādetvā avantīsu sāsanaṃ patiṭṭhāpetvā puna satthu santikameva āgato. Attano pubbapatthanāvasena kaccāyanappakaraṇaṃ mahāniruttippakaraṇaṃ nettippakaraṇanti pakaraṇattayaṃ saṅghamajjhe byākāsi. Atha santuṭṭhena bhagavatā ‘‘etadaggaṃ, bhikkhave, mama sāvakānaṃ saṃkhittena bhāsitassa vitthārena atthaṃ vibhajantānaṃ yadidaṃ mahākaccāno’’ti (a. ni. 1.188, 197) etadaggaṭṭhāne ṭhapito aggaphalasukhena vihāsīti.
1. 亦于此,获无上阿拉汉果,依自己先前业力,心中生生喜悦,彰显先世行善历史。波突多罗敬称是偈。佛陀随后向比库们展手宣说:“比库们,看,这是那位比库,身披光泽犹如两寸多长发束,历经六十年,犹如长老一般。”如此该长老,全面阐明了原理:“尊者大迦迦延,此法最尊上,我的弟子们简要宣说其义,此即佛陀果位高位所证之义。”于是以此为论点,欢喜安心而行。
Mahākaccāyanattheraapadānavaṇṇanā samattā. · 玛哈咖吒那长老本行注释完毕。
2. Vakkalittheraapadānavaṇṇanā二、瓦咖利长老本行注释
Dutiyāpadāne ito satasahassamhītiādikaṃ āyasmato vakkalittherassa apadānaṃ. Ayampi thero purimajinavaresu katādhikāro tattha tattha bhave vivaṭṭūpanissayāni puññāni upacinanto padumuttarassa bhagavato kāle haṃsavatīnagare kulagehe nibbatto viññutaṃ patto satthu santikaṃ gacchantehi upāsakehi saddhiṃ vihāraṃ gantvā parisapariyante ṭhito dhammaṃ suṇanto satthārā ekaṃ bhikkhuṃ saddhādhimuttānaṃ aggaṭṭhāne ṭhapitaṃ disvā sayampi taṃ ṭhānantaraṃ patthento sattāhaṃ buddhappamukhassa bhikkhusaṅghassa mahādānaṃ datvā paṇidhānaṃ akāsi. Satthā tassa anantarāyaṃ disvā byākari.
第二敬拜偈是称颂名为威迦利的尊者长老的赞偈。此尊者亦昔日诸佛时代所作敬拜偈中有著录。波突多罗尊者世尊时代,居于哈圣城天姓士家,出生家族。在证得涅槃后,常与比库、近事男众同行于佛陀身边,听闻佛法。尊者与信心坚定的比库们,见一僧人安坐于僧众首席,因而恭敬其位,供养大布施,常发愿广施功德。世尊即刻显现,并赞许其行为。
So yāvajīvaṃ kusalaṃ katvā devamanussesu saṃsaranto amhākaṃ bhagavato kāle sāvatthiyaṃ brāhmaṇakule nibbatti, tassa vakkalīti nāmaṃ kariṃsu. Tattha kalīti aparādhatilakāḷakādidosassa adhivacanaṃ. Niddhantasuvaṇṇapiṇḍasadisatāya apagato byapagato kali doso assāti va-kārāgamaṃ katvā vakkalīti vuccati. So vuddhippatto tayo vede uggaṇhitvā brāhmaṇasippesu nipphattiṃ gato, satthāraṃ disvā rūpakāyasampattidassanena atitto satthārā saddhiṃyeva vicarati. ‘‘Agāramajjhe vasanto niccakālaṃ satthu dassanaṃ na labhissāmī’’ti satthu santike pabbajitvā ṭhapetvā bhojanakālaṃ sarīrakiccakālañca sesakāle yattha ṭhitena sakkā dasabalaṃ passituṃ, tattha ṭhito aññaṃ kiccaṃ pahāya bhagavantaṃ olokentoyeva viharati. Satthā tassa ñāṇaparipākaṃ āgamento bahukālaṃ tasmiṃ rūpadassaneneva vicarante kiñci avatvā punekadivasaṃ – ‘‘kiṃ te, vakkali, iminā pūtikāyena diṭṭhena? Yo kho, vakkali, dhammaṃ passati, so maṃ passati; yo maṃ passati, so dhammaṃ passati. Dhammañhi, vakkali, passanto maṃ passatī’’ti (saṃ. ni. 3.87) āha. Satthari evaṃ vadantepi thero satthu dassanaṃ pahāya aññattha gantuṃ na sakkoti. Tato satthā, ‘‘nāyaṃ bhikkhu saṃvegaṃ alabhitvā bujjhissatī’’ti vassūpanāyikadivase – ‘‘apehi, vakkalī’’ti theraṃ paṇāmesi. So satthārā paṇāmito satthu sammukhe ṭhātuṃ asakkonto – ‘‘kiṃ mayhaṃ jīvitena, yohaṃ satthāraṃ daṭṭhuṃ na labhāmī’’ti gijjhakūṭe pabbate papātaṭṭhānaṃ abhiruhi? Satthā tassa taṃ pavattiṃ ñatvā – ‘‘ayaṃ bhikkhu mama santikā assāsaṃ alabhanto maggaphalānaṃ upanissayaṃ nāseyyā’’ti attānaṃ dassetvā obhāsaṃ vissajjento –
此人在世尊时代,称为威迦利,常行十善,游走于天人与人间。生在乔达摩族婆罗门家族,名曰“瓦迦利”。“瓦迦利”意为“蔑视罪恶,远离恶业者”。他知识增长,熟通三藏经典,世人称他为迦耶婆罗门。其时,见世尊具有神通变化,随佛巡行。则於寺院中常供养佛陀,侍奉仪轨。威迦利曾问佛陀:“威迦利啊,何以你见我此肮脏的身体?若有人见法,亦视见我;反之,若见我,亦见法。法中见者,法中得见佛。”佛回应其义理。然威迦利虽得听法,心却难离依止他方。一次,世尊于雨季居住前夕,劝导威迦利:“你若无悟,岂能觉悟?”威迦利恭敬答曰希愿依教难以自弃,因缘生起,遂于吉室山上发心修行。佛心知其进展,告知僧众此人必成法果。遂示现光明与愿力。
‘‘Pāmojjabahulo bhikkhu, pasanno buddhasāsane;
“此僧欢喜自在,心悦诚服于佛法之中……”
Adhigacche padaṃ santaṃ, saṅkhārūpasamaṃ sukha’’nti. (dha. pa. 381) –
“获得了安详的境界,彼处诸行已出,安乐宁静”,如是说。
Gāthaṃ vatvā ‘‘ehi, vakkalī’’ti (dha. pa. aṭṭha. 2.381) hatthaṃ pasāresi. Thero ‘‘dasabalo me diṭṭho, ‘ehī’ti avhāyanampi laddha’’nti balavapītisomanassaṃ uppādetvā ‘‘kuto gacchāmī’’ti attano gamanabhāvaṃ ajānitvāva satthu sammukhe ākāse pakkhanditvā paṭhamena pādena pabbate ṭhitoyeva satthārā vuttagāthāyo āvajjento ākāseyeva pītiṃ vikkhambhetvā saha paṭisambhidāhi arahattaṃ pāpuṇīti aṅguttaraṭṭhakathāyaṃ (a. ni. aṭṭha. 1.1.208) dhammapadavaṇṇanāyañca (dha. pa. aṭṭha. 2.381 vakkalittheravatthu) āgataṃ.
说完偈语“来吧,勇猛者”,举起手臂。一长老说:“我见十力现前,即便呼喊‘来吧’,欢喜得不到,心中燃起自信之喜,然而不知将何去处。”他在世尊面前腾空飞起,右脚立于山巅,应和佛的言教,颂扬偈语,令心喜悦,怀有欢喜并具深解,终达阿拉汉果位。此见记载于《中部增支经》及《法句经注疏》(勇猛长老传)。
Idha pana evaṃ veditabbaṃ – ‘‘kiṃ te, vakkalī’’tiādinā satthārā ovadito gijjhakūṭe viharanto vipassanaṃ paṭṭhapesi, tassa saddhāya balavabhāvato eva vipassanā vīthiṃ na otarati? Bhagavā taṃ ñatvā kammaṭṭhānaṃ sodhetvā adāsi. So puna vipassanaṃ matthakaṃ pāpetuṃ nāsakkhiyeva. Athassa āhāravekallena vātābādho uppajji, taṃ vātābādhena pīḷiyamānaṃ ñatvā bhagavā tattha gantvā pucchanto –
这里应当如此理解:世尊对名为“勇猛者”等人,在耶猴山中游住时,指导修习正观,因其信心坚定,正观之路不曾退减。佛知其禅修处,予以净治。彼得堪住正观而不衰退。后来,他独处饮食,患上风病,佛知其受风苦,亲往问讯:
‘‘Vātarogābhinīto tvaṃ, viharaṃ kānane vane;
“你为风疾所逼迫,怎样能在森林荒野中生活呢?”
Paviddhagocare lūkhe, kathaṃ bhikkhu karissasī’’ti. (theragā. 350) –
“住于荒野阴暗之处,如何能修行呢?”(长老偈语)
Āha. Taṃ sutvā thero –
世尊说完,长老听闻……
‘‘Pītisukhena vipulena, pharamāno samussayaṃ;
心中充满欢喜与安乐,强盛广大,无一疑惑;
Lūkhampi abhisambhonto, viharissāmi kānane.
即使有疾患临身,我亦将在树林中安住修行。
‘‘Bhāvento satipaṭṭhāne, indriyāni balāni ca;
修习念处之法,使感官具足力能,
Bojjhaṅgāni ca bhāvento, viharissāmi kānane.
又增长觉支诸功德,我亦将在树林中安住修行。
‘‘Āraddhavīriye pahitatte, niccaṃ daḷhaparakkame;
发起热勤精神之力,坚毅坚定恆常勇猛;
Samagge sahite disvā, viharissāmi kānane.
与同修和合相伴,我亦将在树林中安住修行。
‘‘Anussaranto sambuddhaṃ, aggaṃ dantaṃ samāhitaṃ;
「念诵正觉者,最上已制伏,专心一境界;
Atandito rattindivaṃ, viharissāmi kānane’’ti. (theragā. 351-354) –
不懈疲倦昼夜勤,我将安住林中。」(长老歌351-354)——
Catasso gāthāyo abhāsi. Tāsaṃ attho theragāthāvaṇṇanāyaṃ (theragā. aṭṭha. 2.351-354) vuttoyeva. Evaṃ thero vipassanaṃ ussukkāpetvā arahattaṃ pāpuṇi.
此四偈彰显其义,为长老歌注释所引(长老歌注释2·351-354)。如是,此长老经观激发,达至阿拉汉果。
§28
28. So arahattaṃ patvā attano pubbakammaṃ saritvā somanassajāto pubbacaritāpadānaṃ pakāsento ito satasahassamhītiādimāha. Tattha itoti kakusandhādīnaṃ uppannabhaddakappato heṭṭhā kappasatasahassamatthaketi attho.
28.彼得阿拉汉,观其过往业,生欢喜,宣说昔日行善功德,曰:『一百千之类等。』此中『此』字,谓迦拘萨那等诸不善业生恶果,于其下方即百万之意是故。
§29
29.Padumākāravadanoti supupphitapadumasassirīkamukho. Padumapattakkhoti setapadumapupphapaṇṇasadisaakkhīti attho.
29.莲面者,即盛开莲华之面部。莲颊者,谓白色莲花瓣状之脸颊意。
§30
30.Padumuttaragandhovāti padumagandhamukhoti attho.
30.莲上香者,意谓莲花馨香之面貌也。
§31
31.Andhānaṃnayanūpamoti cakkhuvirahitānaṃ sattānaṃ nayanasadiso, dhammadesanāya sabbasattānaṃ paññācakkhādicakkhudāyakoti attho. Santavesoti santasabhāvo santairiyāpatho. Guṇanidhīti guṇānaṃ nidhi, sabbaguṇagaṇānaṃ nidhānaṭṭhānabhūtoti attho. Karuṇāmatiākaroti sādhūnaṃ cittakampanasaṅkhātāya karuṇāya ca atthānatthaminanaparicchinnamatiyā ca ākaro ādhārabhūto.
三十一、光明遍照者,乃为无眼众生之眼之所依,义谓:法之宣说,为一切众生开启智慧之眼及诸智慧,故名之。圣众,谓圣者之性;圣道,谓圣者之行。功藏,谓功德之宝库,乃诸功德总汇之根本所在。悲意,谓称善者心之震动,基于悲悯及有益无益之分别而生之念头。
§32
32.Brahmāsurasuraccitoti brahmehi ca asurehi ca devehi ca accito pūjitoti attho.
三十二、梵天、魔王、天众敬礼者,意指被梵天、魔众及天神尊敬奉事者。
§33
33.Madhurena rutena cāti karavīkarutamadhurena saddena sakalaṃ janaṃ rañjayantīti sambandho. Santhavī sāvakaṃ sakanti attano sāvakaṃ madhuradhammadesanāya santhavī, thutiṃ akāsīti attho.
三十三、善言悦耳者,谓以甜美悦耳之音声使众生皆得欢喜,相关者。圣贤贻众弟子以甘美法语,使弟子称赞,此为意义。
§34
34.Saddhādhimuttoti saddahanasaddhāya sāsane adhimutto patiṭṭhitoti attho. Mama dassanalālasoti mayhaṃ dassane byāvaṭo tapparo.
三十四、信心坚固者,谓以坚固的信心立足教法。吾之渴慕见法之心极为强烈,意为“我对见闻法的热切渴望”。
§35
35.Taṃṭhānamabhirocayinti taṃ saddhādhimuttaṭṭhānantaraṃ abhirocayiṃ, icchiṃ patthesinti attho.
三十五、激励欲望者,谓信心之坚固使人内生欢喜,生起修学之意欲。
§40
40.Pītamaṭṭhanivāsananti siliṭṭhasuvaṇṇavaṇṇavatthe nivatthanti attho. Hemayaññopacitaṅganti suvaṇṇapāmaṅgalaggitagattanti attho.
四十、金色袈裟者,谓金黄色绸缎披衣,金色光辉璀璨,意为此意。黄金盛会供具,谓穿戴以金色之吉祥物品,指此义。
§47-48
47-48.Nonītasukhumālaṃ manti navanītamiva mudutaluṇahatthapādaṃ. Jātapallavakomalanti asokapallavapattakomalamiva mudukanti attho. Pisācībhayatajjitāti tadā evaṃbhūtaṃ kumāraṃ maṃ aññā pisācī ekā rakkhasī bhayena tajjesi bhiṃsāpesīti attho. Tadā mahesissa sammāsambuddhassa pādamūle maṃ sāyesuṃ nipajjāpesuṃ. Dīnamānasā bhītacittā mama mātāpitaro imaṃ dārakaṃ te dadāma, imassa saraṇaṃ patiṭṭhā hotu nātha nāyakāti sambandho.
47-48.『非谬细微而柔软,如同新鲜酥油一般,柔软似手足的触感』。「出生的嫩叶如同无忧树叶的出芽那样柔软」为义。『因恐怖鬼魅而感惧』,是指那时这般的少年轻子,因一鬼魅女而惧怕,由于恐怖而畏惧,含义是此。彼时于大圣世尊脚跟处,我获得了搀扶与托持。心意软弱、惊怖内心战栗者,我父母交付此孩子如是说:「愿他依止归依,成为主人、引导者。」此乃相关连意。
§49
49.Tadā paṭiggahi so manti so bhagavā tadā tasmiṃ mama mātuyā dinnakāle jālinā jālayuttena saṅkhālakena cakkalakkhaṇādīhi lakkhitena mudukomalapāṇinā mudukena visuddhena hatthatalena maṃ aggahesīti attho.
49.彼时那位心志坚定者即世尊,在我母亲赠与我之时,借用网具,用附带网具的圈囊,并凭以有眼纹等象征标记、柔软而细腻的手掌、纯净细软的掌心,将我抓取,即此义。
§52
52.Sabbapāramisambhūtanti sabbehi dānapāramitādīhi sambhūtaṃ jātaṃ. Nīlakkhinayanaṃ varaṃ puññasambhārajaṃ uttamanīlaakkhivantaṃ. Sabbasubhākiṇṇaṃ sabbena subhena vaṇṇena saṇṭhānena ākiṇṇaṃ gahanībhūtaṃ rūpaṃ bhagavato hatthapādasīsādirūpaṃ disvāti attho, tittiṃ apatto viharāmi ahanti sambandho.
52.『具足一切波罗蜜』者,是指具足一切布施波罗蜜等诸多波罗蜜而生起之意。蓝瞳堪称最佳者,为善根聚集所生,具有最上优良蓝色标志。全然沾染一切美妙之色彩,以其全然美丽且色泽和合庄严,形成深奥庄严的形相,乃指示世尊足跡所及之形状。观此而心安者,即是相关连意。
§61
61.Tadā maṃ caraṇantagoti tasmiṃ mayhaṃ arahattaṃ pattakāle sīlādipannarasannaṃ caraṇadhammānaṃ antago, pariyosānappatto paripūrakārīti attho. ‘‘Maraṇantago’’tipi pāṭho. Tassa maraṇassa antaṃ nibbānaṃ pattoti attho. Saddhādhimuttānaṃ aggaṃ paññapesīti sambandho. Atha satthā bhikkhusaṅghamajjhe nisinno ‘‘etadaggaṃ, bhikkhave, mama sāvakānaṃ saddhādhimuttānaṃ yadidaṃ, vakkalī’’ti (a. ni. 1.198, 208) maṃ etadaggaṭṭhāne ṭhapesīti vuttaṃ hoti. Sesaṃ suviññeyyamevāti.
61.『彼时我临终』者,是指我于阿拉汉果得成就之时,已实现了戒律等清净的足迹法,且已完成终结之义。『终死』三种读法皆在此处。其意谓于死亡后达至涅槃。对信仰坚定者而言,此为最高智慧之极点,是相关连义。后来世尊于比库僧团中坐时称:「此为尊者们信仰坚定者中最高者,诸比库啊!」(阿毗尼澄尼1.198、208)据此,我被置于最高席位,以彰显其尊崇。余下内容应明了无疑。
Vakkalittheraapadānavaṇṇanā samattā. · 瓦咖利长老本行注释完毕。
3. Mahākappinattheraapadānavaṇṇanā三、玛哈咖毕那长老本行注释
Padumuttaronāma jinotiādikaṃ āyasmato kappinattherassa apadānaṃ. Ayampi purimabuddhesu katādhikāro tattha tattha bhave vivaṭṭūpanissayāni puññāni upacinanto padumuttarassa bhagavato kāle haṃsavatīnagare kulagehe nibbatto viññutaṃ patvā satthu santike dhammadesanaṃ suṇanto satthārā ekaṃ bhikkhuṃ ovādakānaṃ aggaṭṭhāne ṭhapitaṃ disvā adhikārakammaṃ katvā taṃ ṭhānantaraṃ patthesi.
名为波闍罗多的尊者赞颂诸胜者等法,是阿阇梨咖毕那长老的事迹传记。此事迹传于先佛时代,因果报有所显现,诸功德不断增长。波闍罗多佛于鹤城贵族家中隐静修行,通达世界,亲近佛陀倾听宣讲法要。见佛陀为一比库僧众的代表导师,执行权威任务后,即迈步前往其它场所传教。
So tattha yāvajīvaṃ kusalaṃ katvā devamanussesu saṃsaranto bārāṇasito avidūre ekasmiṃ pesakāragāme jeṭṭhapesakāragehe nibbatto tadā sahassamattā paccekabuddhā himavante aṭṭha māse vasitvā vassike cattāro māse janapade vasanti. Te ekavāraṃ bārāṇasiyā avidūre otaritvā ‘‘senāsanaṃ karaṇatthāya hatthakammaṃ yācathā’’ti rañño santikaṃ aṭṭha paccekabuddhe pahiṇiṃsu. Tadā pana rañño vappamaṅgalaṃ ahosi. So ‘‘paccekabuddhā kira āgatā’’ti sutvā nikkhamitvā āgatakāraṇaṃ pucchitvā ‘‘ajja, bhante, okāso natthi sve amhākaṃ vappamaṅgalaṃ , tatiyadivase karissāmā’’ti vatvā paccekabuddhe animantetvāva pāvisi. Paccekabuddhā ‘‘aññaṃ gāmaṃ pavisissāmā’’ti pakkamiṃsu.
此人一生行诸善法,游历天人及人间,于巴拉那西附近某送货者村庄的长者家中圆寂。那时众多独觉圣人于喜马拉雅居住八个月,雨季期间四个月于各自国土居住。有一次,一独觉圣人从巴拉那西附近下山,前往国王处「请求暂借住处,作手工」。国王得知后大喜,听闻「独觉圣人果然远来」,遂亲自迎接。当被问及来由时,圣人答言:「今日无暇,为明日第三日之庆典而来。」说毕,未作停留便入境。独觉圣人答应另觅他乡住所,遂前往彼处。
Tasmiṃ samaye jeṭṭhapesakārassa bhariyā kenacideva karaṇīyena bārāṇasiṃ gacchantī te paccekabuddhe disvā vanditvā, ‘‘kiṃ, bhante, avelāya ayyā āgatā’’ti pucchi. Te ādito paṭṭhāya kathesuṃ. Taṃ sutvā saddhāsampannā buddhisampannā itthī ‘‘sve, bhante, amhākaṃ bhikkhaṃ gaṇhathā’’ti nimantesi. ‘‘Bahukā mayaṃ, bhaginī’’ti. ‘‘Kittakā, bhante’’ti? ‘‘Sahassamattā, bhaginī’’ti. ‘‘Bhante, imasmiṃ no gāme sahassamattā vasimhā, ekeko ekekassa bhikkhaṃ dassati, bhikkhaṃ adhivāsetha, ahameva vo vasanaṭṭhānaṃ kārāpessāmī’’ti āha. Paccekabuddhā adhivāsesuṃ.
彼时,一位年长沙坛护者的妻子,因某种必要事由前往巴拉纳西,见到了那等独觉者,便恭敬致礼,问曰:「尊者,贵姓几何,夫人远来此地,何事相访?」独觉者起身回礼后答之。听闻此话,信心坚定且智慧具足的女子对尊者说:「尊者,请收纳我们的比库团。」众女子应声:「甚多,姐妹啊。」女子又问:「多少?」答曰:「约有千人,姐妹。」女子说:「尊者,我们在此村子中安住千人,每人皆能见得一位比库,住锡于每位比库。吾愿为尊者创建住处。」独觉者即安住于其所筑之处。
Sā gāmaṃ pavisitvā ugghosesi – ‘‘ammatātā, ahaṃ sahassamatte paccekabuddhe disvā nimantesiṃ, ayyānaṃ nisīdanaṭṭhānaṃ saṃvidahatha, yāgubhattādīni sampādethā’’ti gāmamajjhe maṇḍapaṃ kārāpetvā āsanāni paññāpetvā punadivase paccekabuddhe nisīdāpetvā paṇītena khādanīyena bhojanīyena parivisitvā bhattakiccapariyosāne tasmiṃ gāme sabbā itthiyo ādāya tāhi saddhiṃ paccekabuddhe vanditvā temāsaṃ vasanatthāya paṭiññaṃ gaṇhitvā puna gāme ugghosesi – ‘‘ammatātā, ekekakulato ekekapuriso vāsipharasuādīni gahetvā araññaṃ pavisitvā dabbasambhāre āharitvā ayyānaṃ vasanaṭṭhānaṃ karotū’’ti. Gāmavāsino tassāyeva vacanaṃ sutvā ekeko ekekaṃ katvā saddhiṃ rattidivāṭṭhānehi paṇṇasālasahassaṃ niṭṭhāpetvā attano attano paṇṇasālāyaṃ upagataṃ paccekabuddhaṃ ‘‘ahaṃ sakkaccaṃ upaṭṭhahissāmi, ahaṃ sakkaccaṃ upaṭṭhahissāmī’’ti vatvā upaṭṭhahiṃsu. Sā vassaṃvuṭṭhakāle ‘‘attano attano paṇṇasālāya vassaṃvuṭṭhānaṃ paccekabuddhānaṃ cīvarasāṭake sajjethā’’ti samādapetvā ekekassa sahassa sahassamūlaṃ cīvaraṃ dāpesi. Paccekabuddhā vuṭṭhavassā anumodanaṃ katvā pakkamiṃsu. Gāmavāsinopi idaṃ puññakammaṃ katvā tato cuto tāvatiṃsadevaloke nibbattitvā gaṇadevatā nāma ahesuṃ.
该女子入村后呼告乡民说:「乡亲们,我见到了上千位独觉者,已请其入居,请安置其夫人座位,备齐食粮。」于是,村中设立了厅堂,配备坐席;又于次日请独觉者入座,奉上良食净饮。待饮食之事了结,诸女携带食物,前来恭敬礼拜独觉者,以方便其数月住锡,并受其回舍邀请,重返村落呼告曰:「乡亲们,请各家持各人合适之衣物进入森林,采集食物,供给夫人们居所。」村民闻命,分头行动,日夜皆至于一万余间草庐,依次造访前来独觉者,称曰:「我必谨守服侍责任,必尽力侍奉。」如此侍奉一年,女子们便依照这个安排,为每位独觉者发放一千多件袈裟。独觉者欢喜赞许,之后起程离开。村民亦以此功德,之后转生为四天王所在之天界,名曰众天众神。
Te tattha dibbasampattiṃ anubhavitvā kassapasammāsambuddhakāle kuṭumbikagehesu nibbattiṃsu. Pubbe jeṭṭhakapesakāro jeṭṭhakakuṭumbikassa putto ahosi. Bhariyāpissa ekassa jeṭṭhakakuṭumbikassa dhītā ahosi. Sesānaṃ bhariyāyo sesakuṭumbikānaṃ dhītaro ahesuṃ, tā sabbāpi vayappattā parakulaṃ gacchantiyo tesaṃ tesaṃyeva gehāni agamaṃsu. Athekadivasaṃ vihāre dhammassavane saṅghuṭṭhe ‘‘satthā dhammaṃ desessatī’’ti sutvā te sabbepi kuṭumbikā ‘‘dhammaṃ sossāmā’’ti bhariyāhi saddhiṃ vihāraṃ agamaṃsu. Tesaṃ vihāramajjhaṃ paviṭṭhakkhaṇe vassaṃ vassi. Yesaṃ kulūpakā vā ñātisāmaṇerādayo vā atthi, te tesaṃ pariveṇādīni pavisiṃsu. Te pana tathārūpānaṃ natthitāya katthaci pavisituṃ avisahantā vihāramajjheyeva aṭṭhaṃsu. Atha ne jeṭṭhakakuṭumbiko āha – ‘‘passatha, bho, amhākaṃ vippakāraṃ, kulaputtehi nāma ettakena lajjituṃ yutta’’nti. ‘‘Ayya, kiṃ karomā’’ti? ‘‘Mayaṃ vissāsikaṭṭhānassa abhāvena imaṃ vippakāraṃ pattā, sabbe dhanaṃ saṃharitvā pariveṇaṃ karissāmā’’ti. ‘‘Sādhu, ayyā’’ti jeṭṭhako sahassaṃ adāsi. Sesā pañca pañca satāni. Itthiyo aḍḍhateyyāni aḍḍhateyyāni satāni. Te taṃ dhanaṃ āharitvā sahassakūṭāgāraparivāraṃ satthu vasanatthāya mahāpariveṇaṃ nāma kārāpesuṃ. Navakammassa mahantatāya dhane appahonte pubbe dinnadhanato puna upaḍḍhūpaḍḍhaṃ adaṃsu. Niṭṭhite pariveṇe vihāramahaṃ karontā buddhappamukhassa bhikkhusaṅghassa sattāhaṃ mahādānaṃ datvā vīsatiyā bhikkhusahassānaṃ cīvarāni sajjayiṃsu.
他们于天界享受天华之乐后,于正觉卡萨巴时代,于有家之家转生。先前年长守护者为年长家族妇人之子;其妻为年长家族妇女之女。其余妇人为其余有家家族之女儿,皆已年老,外出致力于家族事务,各自返回家中。一日,聚集在寺内听法时,有传言曰:「导师将传讲法义。」众人,携妻同往寺中。聚会时,初入者众多,因人数众多而无法入内,于是就在寺庙外栖住宿止戒。年长守护者曰:「看啊,我等的耻辱啊,作为有家之子,竟如此害羞!」众人问曰:「长者,何故?」答曰:「吾等现无信仰支柱,故有此耻辱。吾等准备收起财物,建造围障。」众人说:「善哉,长者!」于是年长守护者捐赠千两黄金,其他妇女五百、八百两等不等。众妇女募得大量财富后,于寺废弃处兴建围墙,为导师住所和弟子僧众所用,该围墙称曰「大围墙」。因新建工程浩大,财物逐渐减少,之前所赠之资财陆续耗尽。围墙完工后,建造了宏伟寺刹,供奉佛陀及出家众七日、七夜,布施二万位比库袈裟。
Jeṭṭhakakuṭumbikassa pana bhariyā attano paññāya ṭhitā ahaṃ tehi samakaṃ akatvā atirekataraṃ katvā ‘‘satthāraṃ pūjessāmī’’ti anojapupphavaṇṇena sahassamūlena sāṭakena saddhiṃ anojapupphacaṅkoṭakaṃ gahetvā satthāraṃ anojapupphehi pūjetvā taṃ sāṭakaṃ satthu pādamūle ṭhapetvā, ‘‘bhante, nibbattanibbattaṭṭhāne anojapupphavaṇṇaṃyeva me sarīraṃ hotu, anojātveva ca nāmaṃ hotū’’ti patthanaṃ akāsi. Satthā ‘‘evaṃ hotū’’ti anumodanaṃ akāsi. Te sabbepi yāvatāyukaṃ ṭhatvā tato cutā devaloke nibbattiṃsu. Te imasmiṃ buddhuppāde devalokā cavitvā jeṭṭhako kukkuṭavatīnagare rājakule nibbattitvā viññutaṃ patto mahākappinarājā nāma ahosi. Sesā amaccakulesu nibbattiṃsu. Jeṭṭhakassa bhariyā maddaraṭṭhe sākalanagare rājakule nibbatti anojapupphavaṇṇamevassā sarīraṃ ahosi, tena anojātvevassā nāmaṃ akaṃsu, sā vayappattā mahākappinarañño gehaṃ gantvā anojādevīti pākaṭā ahosi.
年长守护者之妻,有卓越智慧,自知与丈夫平等,乃独自行动,造作诸多善行。她称奉导师为崇敬之事,手持一千株无忧无染的白莲花,结成白莲花环,献于导师,并将此花环置于佛陀足下,发愿曰:「愿尊者之身常如这无忧无染白莲花之色,名为无忧。」佛陀允诺:「如尔。」众人在此地皆寿命长久,之后转生天界。此后,于佛陀兴起之时,天界神人亦离去;年长守护者转生王宫净净城贵族家族,名叫大咖毕那王。其他转生入王室之士皆为世家子。年长守护者之妻转生于玛大拉国首都贵族之家,生于无忧姓名,因故而名彰显,称之为无忧女,众人皆知。
Sesitthiyopi amaccakulesu nibbattitvā vayappattā tesaṃyeva amaccaputtānaṃ gehāni agamaṃsu. Te sabbepi rañño sampattisadisaṃ sampattiṃ anubhaviṃsu. Yadā hi rājā alaṅkārapaṭimaṇḍito hatthiṃ abhiruhitvā vicarati, tadāpi te tatheva vicaranti. Tasmiṃ assena vā rathena vā vicarante tepi tatheva vicaranti. Evaṃ te ekato hutvā katānaṃ puññānaṃ balena ekatova sampattiṃ anubhaviṃsu. Rañño pana vālo, vālavāhano, puppho, pupphavāhano, supattoti pañceva assā honti. Tesu rājā supattaṃ assaṃ sayaṃ ārohati, itare cattāro asse assārohānaṃ sāsanāharaṇatthāya adāsi. Rājā te pātova bhojetvā ‘‘gacchatha , bhaṇe, dve vā tīṇi vā yojanāni āhiṇḍitvā buddhassa vā dhammassa vā saṅghassa vā uppannabhāvaṃ sutvā mayhaṃ sukhasāsanaṃ ārocethā’’ti pesesi. Te catūhi dvārehi nikkhamitvā dve tīṇi yojanāni āhiṇḍitvā kiñci sāsanaṃ alabhitvāva paccāgamiṃsu.
其他妇女亦转生于贵族之家,皆为有家之子所怀抱之家。众人享受与国王相等的财富荣耀。当国王身披华丽装饰,骑乘战象游行时,他们亦同行;不论坐乘象车或战车,皆共同往来。如此众人结为一体,共享此前所积累功德之财富。国王拥有五匹象,象之驾驭者,鲜花,花车和马匹。国王自乘善骑之象,其余四象由他人驾驭,为了佛法教团之安宁,赠与四象。国王宴请诸象时,命令曰:「汝等往返行走,距离二三由旬,无论闻知佛、法、僧任何事,皆当通知吾,以便吾享安乐法教。」象群由四个门出入,往返数由旬,若获法教信息即返还。
Athekadivasaṃ rājā supattaṃ āruhitvā amaccasahassaparivuto uyyānaṃ gacchanto kilantarūpe pañcasatamatte vāṇijake nagaraṃ pavisante disvā ‘‘ime addhānakilantā, addho imesaṃ santikā ekaṃ bhaddakaṃ sāsanaṃ sossāmī’’ti te pakkosāpetvā ‘‘kuto āgatatthā’’ti pucchi. ‘‘Atthi, deva, ito vīsatiyojanasatamatthake sāvatthi nāma nagaraṃ, tato āgatamhā’’ti. ‘‘Atthi pana vo dese kiñci sāsanaṃ uppanna’’nti. ‘‘Deva, aññaṃ kiñci natthi, sammāsambuddho uppanno’’ti. Rājā tāvadeva balavapītiyā phuṭṭhasarīro kiñci sallakkhetuṃ asakkonto muhuttaṃ vītināmetvā pana, ‘‘tātā, kiṃ vadethā’’ti pucchi. ‘‘Buddho, deva, uppanno’’ti. Rājā dutiyampi tatiyampi tatheva vītināmetvā catutthavāre ‘‘kiṃ vadetha, tātā’’ti pucchitvā ‘‘buddho uppanno’’ti vutte, ‘‘tātā, sukhasāsanasavanāya satasahassaṃ vo dammī’’ti vatvā ‘‘aparampi kiñci sāsanaṃ atthi, tātā’’ti pucchi. ‘‘Atthi, deva, dhammo uppanno’’ti. Rājā tampi sutvā purimanayeneva tayo vāre vītināmetvā catutthavāre ‘‘dhammo uppanno’’ti vutte – ‘‘idhāpi vo satasahassaṃ dammī’’ti vatvā ‘‘aparampi kiñci sāsanaṃ atthi, tātā’’ti pucchi. ‘‘Atthi, deva, saṅgho uppanno’’ti. Rājā tampi sutvā tatheva tayo vāre vītināmetvā catutthavāre ‘‘saṅgho uppanno’’ti vutte – ‘‘idhāpi vo satasahassaṃ dammī’’ti vatvā amaccasahassaṃ oloketvā, ‘‘tātā, kiṃ karissāmā’’ti pucchi. ‘‘Deva, tumhe kiṃ karissathā’’ti? ‘‘Ahaṃ, tātā, ‘buddho uppanno dhammo uppanno saṅgho uppanno’ti sutvā na puna nivattissāmi, bhagavantaṃ uddissa gantvā tassa santike pabbajissāmī’’ti. ‘‘Mayampi, deva, tumhehi saddhiṃ pabbajissāmā’’ti. Rājā suvaṇṇapaṭṭe akkharāni likhāpetvā vāṇijakānaṃ datvā ‘‘imaṃ anojāya nāma deviyā detha, sā tumhākaṃ tīṇi satasahassāni dassati, evañca pana naṃ vadeyyātha ‘raññā kira te issariyaṃ vissaṭṭhaṃ, yathāsukhaṃ sampattiṃ paribhuñjāhī’ti, sace pana ‘vo rājā kaha’nti pucchati, ‘satthāraṃ uddissa pabbajissāmī’ti vatvā gatoti āroceyyāthā’’ti āha. Amaccāpi attano attano bhariyānaṃ tatheva sāsanaṃ pahiṇiṃsu. Rājā vāṇijake uyyojetvā assaṃ abhiruyha amaccasahassaparivuto taṃkhaṇaññeva nikkhami.
一日,国王骑乘善象,率领千名家属,游园经过繁忙商业城市,谓曰:「此地繁忙忙碌,吾欲从此得善法,使吾心安。」命人寻问由来。答曰:「天神称此乃萨瓦提城,距此二十由旬,佛陀自此而来。」又问:「尔处是否有法教出现?」回答曰:「唯有正觉者出世。」国王因力气强健,难以表达,遂闭口不言。再三追问,答曰:「佛陀出世。」并闻讯三至四次,国王说:「愿闻千名佛法聆听者,以便祥和法教盛行。」复问是否仍有法教产生,答曰:「梵法刚兴起。」再三闻讯后,国王说:「僧团亦已兴起。」言毕,察视千名近臣,问曰:「尔等将何所为?」对曰:「吾等闻‘佛陀已出世,法已出世,僧团已出世’,不复回转,将奉佛心出家,愿同往至尊者处。」国王书写黄金牌,赠予商人,命曰:「此乃无忧女赠予尔,必展现三十万功德。尔等切莫言:‘王命尔等,看护宫室,享用所生荣华。’若有询问,应答曰:‘吾奉命出家修行。’」诸家属遂依教出家,国王命商人骑象护送,旋即启程出发。
Satthāpi taṃdivasaṃ paccūsakāle lokaṃ volokento mahākappinarājānaṃ saparivāraṃ disvā ‘‘ayaṃ mahākappino vāṇijakānaṃ santikā tiṇṇaṃ ratanānaṃ uppannabhāvaṃ sutvā tesaṃ vacanaṃ tīhi satasahassehi pūjetvā rajjaṃ pahāya amaccasahassaparivuto maṃ uddissa pabbajitukāmo sve nikkhamissati, so saparivāro saha paṭisambhidāhi arahattaṃ pāpuṇissati, paccuggamanaṃ karissāmī’’ti punadivase cakkavattī viya khuddakagāmabhojakaṃ rājānaṃ paccuggacchanto sayameva pattacīvaramādāya vīsayojanasataṃ maggaṃ paccuggantvā candabhāgāya nadiyā tīre nigrodharukkhamūle chabbaṇṇabuddharasmiyo vissajjetvā nisīdi. Rājāpi āgacchanto ekaṃ nadiṃ patvā ‘‘kā nāmāya’’nti pucchi. ‘‘Aparacchā nāma, devā’’ti. ‘‘Kimassā parimāṇaṃ, tātā’’ti? ‘‘Gambhīrato gāvutaṃ, puthulato dve gāvutāni, devā’’ti. ‘‘Atthi panettha nāvā vā uḷumpo vā’’ti? ‘‘Natthi, devā’’ti. ‘‘Nāvādīni olokente amhe jāti jaraṃ upaneti, jarā maraṇaṃ. Ahaṃ nibbematiko hutvā tīṇi ratanāni uddissa nikkhanto, tesaṃ me ānubhāvena ‘idaṃ udakaṃ udakaṃ viya mā hotū’ti ratanattayassa guṇaṃ āvajjetvā ‘itipi so bhagavā arahaṃ sammāsambuddho’’’ti buddhaguṇaṃ anussaranto saparivāro assasahassena udakapiṭṭhe pakkhandi. Sindhavā piṭṭhipāsāṇe viya pakkhandiṃsu. Khurānaṃ aggaṭṭhāneva temiṃsu.
世尊于初夏季节回顾世界时,见到大富商王玛哈咖毕那及其众随从,说道:「此人乃大富商之商人交往中心,三宝产生之处。闻其言语,三百千人敬奉他,抛弃国家,舍弃上千家人,愿随从我出家修行;他与众随从皆将共证阿拉汉果,我将为他们迎接。」次日,如同转轮圣王般,世尊离开小国王,取僧衣,沿着百余由旬的路程,来到犍陀河岸的尼拘陀树下,安坐于光明灿烂的六色佛光中。王从后方赶来,见河流,问曰:「此河何名?」对曰:「天人称为阿跋叉河。」又问:「其宽广几何?」答曰:「深远一耶输陀,宽广二耶输陀。」又问:「河中有舟或浮木乎?」答曰:「无。」王观河畔岸边,觉人类生老病死,死是终点,我虽为涅槃者,奉持三宝出行,因其光辉而忆念佛的品质,乃明白世尊者乃阿拉汉正觉故,与众随从众多如水中浪花,跳跃躍进,过像坚石沉水一样。
So taṃ uttaritvā purato gacchanto aparampi nadiṃ disvā ‘‘ayaṃ kā nāmā’’ti pucchi. ‘‘Nīlavāhā nāma, devā’’ti. ‘‘Kimassā parimāṇa’’nti? ‘‘Gambhīratopi puthulatopi aḍḍhayojanaṃ, devā’’ti. Sesaṃ purimasadisameva. Taṃ pana nadiṃ disvā ‘‘svākkhāto bhagavatā dhammo’’ti dhammānussatiṃ anussaranto pakkhandi. Tampi atikkamitvā gacchanto aparampi nadiṃ disvā ‘‘ayaṃ kā nāmā’’ti pucchi. ‘‘Candabhāgā nāma, devā’’ti. ‘‘Kimassā parimāṇa’’nti? ‘‘Gambhīratopi puthulatopi yojanaṃ, devā’’ti. Sesaṃ purimasadisameva. Taṃ pana nadiṃ disvā ‘‘suppaṭipanno bhagavato sāvakasaṅgho’’ti saṅghānussatiṃ anussaranto pakkhandi. Tampi nadiṃ atikkamitvā gacchanto satthu sarīrato nikkhantā chabbaṇṇabuddharasmiyo nigrodharukkhassa sākhāviṭapapalāsāni obhāsayamānā disvā cintesi – ‘‘ayaṃ obhāso neva candassa, na sūriyassa, na devamārabrāhmaṇasupaṇṇanāgānaṃ aññatarassa, addhā ahaṃ satthāraṃ uddissa āgacchanto sammāsambuddhena diṭṭho bhavissāmī’’ti. So tāvadeva assapiṭṭhito otaritvā onatasarīro rasmiyānusārena satthāraṃ upasaṅkamitvā manosilārase nimujjanto viya buddharasmīnaṃ anto pāvisi. So satthāraṃ vanditvā ekamantaṃ nisīdi saddhiṃ amaccasahassena. Satthā tesaṃ anupubbiṃ kathaṃ kathesi. Desanāpariyosāne saparivāro rājā sotāpattiphale patiṭṭhahi.
王渡过彼河,向前行进,再见一河,问其名曰:「名青车河,诸天称是。」又问其宽:「深远且宽各半由旬。」与前河状如一似。王见此河,忆念「此乃世尊所宣说之正法」。越过此河,见第三河曰:「此为犍陀河。」问其宽:「深且宽一由旬。」与前河状如一。见此河时心念「此为世尊弟子清净修行之团体」。越过河,思及佛身涂有六色光辉树枝如伞,心想:「此光非月光,非日光,非天神、魔王、婆罗门、仙龙中任何一尊光明,我将见如来正觉者而至。」随众而下,头如锁头,遵佛光而进,近佛而坐,与上千家人共住。世尊逐渐开讲,临结说法时,众随从及王皆得初果。
Atha sabbe uṭṭhahitvā pabbajjaṃ yāciṃsu. Satthā ‘‘āgamissati nu kho imesaṃ kulaputtānaṃ iddhimayapattacīvara’’nti upadhārento ‘‘ime kulaputtā paccekabuddhasahassānaṃ cīvarasahassaṃ adaṃsu, kassapabuddhakāle vīsatiyā bhikkhusahassānaṃ vīsaticīvarasahassānipi adaṃsu, anacchariyaṃ imesaṃ kulaputtānaṃ iddhimayapattacīvarāgamana’’nti ñatvā dakkhiṇahatthaṃ pasāretvā ‘‘etha, bhikkhavo, caratha brahmacariyaṃ sammā dukkhassa antakiriyāyā’’ti āha. Te tāvadeva aṭṭhaparikkhāradharā vassasaṭṭhikattherā viya hutvā vehāsaṃ abbhuggantvā paccorohitvā satthāraṃ vanditvā ekamantaṃ nisīdiṃsu.
众闻法已,一同起身乞求出家。世尊说:「这些王子皆持有神通迦叶式袈裟,此袈裟是数千辈外道赐于他们的,迦萨巴佛时代赐给有二千袈裟,是无奇异的神通袈裟。你们当受此袈裟,并精进修学正道,切断痛苦。」弟子们当时如八抟持戒六十年以上的长老,怀着欢喜,朝拜世尊,安坐一旁。
Te pana vāṇijakā rājagehaṃ gantvā deviyā raññā pahitasāsanaṃ ārocetvā deviyā ‘‘āgacchantū’’ti vutte pavisitvā ekamantaṃ aṭṭhaṃsu. Atha ne devī pucchi – ‘‘tātā, kiṃkāraṇā āgatatthā’’ti? ‘‘Mayaṃ raññā tumhākaṃ santikaṃ pesitā, tīṇi kira no satasahassāni dethā’’ti. ‘‘Bahuṃ, bhaṇe, bhaṇatha, kiṃ tumhehi rañño santike kataṃ, kismiṃ vo rājā pasanno ettakaṃ dhanaṃ dāpetī’’ti? ‘‘Devi, na aññaṃ kiñci kataṃ, ekaṃ pana sāsanaṃ ārocayimhā’’ti. ‘‘Sakkā pana, tātā, mayhampi taṃ ārocetu’’nti. ‘‘Sakkā, devī’’ti suvaṇṇabhiṅgārena mukhaṃ vikkhāletvā ‘‘devi, buddho loke uppanno’’ti. Sāpi taṃ sutvā pītiyā phuṭṭhasarīrā tikkhattuṃ kiñci asallakkhetvā catutthavāre ‘‘buddho uppanno’’ti sutvā ‘‘kiṃ, tātā, imasmiṃ pade raññā dinna’’nti ? ‘‘Satasahassaṃ, devī’’ti. ‘‘Tātā, ananucchavikaṃ raññā kataṃ evarūpaṃ sāsanaṃ sutvā tumhākaṃ satasahassadadamānena, ahaṃ vo mama duggatapaṇṇākāre tīṇi satasahassāni dammi. Aparaṃ kiñci tumhehi ārocita’’nti? Te idañca idañcāti itarānipi dve sāsanāni ārocesuṃ. Devī purimanayeneva tayo tayo vāre asallakkhetvā catutthacatutthavāre tīṇi tīṇi satasahassāni adāsi. Evaṃ te sabbāni dvādasasatasahassāni labhiṃsu.
众商人回王宫,向王后贵妇宣布王尊奉佛教法,王后闻之说:「来的人们为何而至?」答曰:「我们奉王后吩咐,带来三千万的礼物。」王后问:「你们在王面前做了什么,王为何欢喜而赏赐这般财物?」答曰:「王后,唯宣说一法教。」她说:「你们也能向我宣说吗?」答:「可。」于是她敞颜欢喜,说:「佛陀已现世。」王后听毕,喜不自胜,于第四日闻说佛陀出世的消息,问王:「王给了多少财物?」答:「三千万。」王后慎重宣说:“我为你等传授佛教,若你们为王乐施,愿我以三千万护法财报答。另有法义教,我亦愿奉上。”其他也宣说二法。王后三月间,每四天守奉三千万财物。如此共得一亿二千万。
Atha ne devī pucchi – ‘‘rājā kahaṃ, tātā’’ti? ‘‘Devi, rājā ‘satthāraṃ uddissa pabbajissāmī’ti vatvā gato’’ti. ‘‘Mayhaṃ tena kiṃ sāsanaṃ dinna’’nti? ‘‘Sabbaṃ kira issariyaṃ tumhākaṃ vissaṭṭhaṃ, ‘tumhe kira yathāsukhaṃ sampattiṃ anubhavathā’’’ti. ‘‘Amaccā pana kuhiṃ, tātā’’ti? ‘‘Tepi raññā saddhiṃ ‘pabbajissāmā’ti gatā, devī’’ti. Sā tesaṃ bhariyāyo pakkosāpetvā, ‘‘ammā, tumhākaṃ sāmikā raññā saddhiṃ ‘pabbajissāmā’ti gatā, tumhe kiṃ karissathā’’ti? ‘‘Kiṃ pana tehi amhākaṃ sāsanaṃ pahitaṃ, devī’’ti? ‘‘Tehi kira attano sampatti tumhākaṃ vissaṭṭhā ‘tumhe kira sampattiṃ yathāsukhaṃ paribhuñjathā’’’ti. ‘‘Tumhe pana, devi, kiṃ karissathā’’ti? ‘‘Amhākaṃ so tāva rājā magge ṭhito tīhi satasahassehi tīṇi ratanāni pūjetvā kheḷapiṇḍaṃ viya sampattiṃ pahāya ‘pabbajissāmī’ti nikkhanto, mayāpi tiṇṇaṃ ratanānaṃ sāsanaṃ sutvā tāni navahi satasahassehi pūjitāni, na kho panesā sampatti nāma raññoyeva dukkhā, mayhampi dukkhā eva. Ko raññā chaḍḍitakheḷapiṇḍaṃ jaṇṇukehi bhūmiyaṃ patiṭṭhahitvā mukhena gaṇhissati, na mayhaṃ sampattiyā attho, satthāraṃ uddissa pabbajissāmī’’ti. ‘‘Devi, mayampi tumhehi saddhiṃ pabbajissāmā’’ti. ‘‘Sace sakkotha, sādhū’’ti. ‘‘Sakkoma, devī’’ti. Tena hi ‘‘ethā’’ti rathasahassaṃ yojāpetvā rathaṃ āruyha tāhi saddhiṃ nikkhamitvā antarāmagge paṭhamaṃ nadiṃ disvā yathā raññā paṭhamaṃ pucchitā, tatheva pucchitvā sabbaṃ pavattiṃ sutvā ‘‘raññā gatamaggaṃ olokethā’’ti vatvā ‘‘sindhavānaṃ padavalañjaṃ na passāmā’’ti vutte rājā ‘‘tīṇi ratanāni uddissa nikkhantosmī’’ti saccakiriyaṃ karitvā tiṇṇaṃ ratanānaṃ guṇe anussaritvā gato bhavissati , ahampi tīṇi ratanāni uddissa nikkhantā, tesaṃ me ānubhāvena ‘‘idaṃ udakaṃ udakaṃ viya mā hotū’’ti tiṇṇaṃ ratanānaṃ guṇe anussarantī rathasahassaṃ pesesi. Udakaṃ piṭṭhipāsāṇasadisaṃ ahosi, cakkānaṃ aggaṭṭhāneva temiṃsu. Eteneva upāyena itarā dvepi nadiyo uttariṃsu.
王后又问:「王在哪里?」答曰:「王说要为世尊出家,已往去。」又问:「我给了什么法教?」答曰:「悉是王所赐最尊之法,愿你安享福报。」问:「上千家人如何?」答曰:「亦随王而出家。」她谴责诸妻女说:「夫人随王出家,你们将作何事?」答曰:「以法教令自身福乐,梦想你们亦如愿享自在。」她曰:「王立于路上,敬奉三百万三宝,抛弃财富如舍弃饭团,决定出家。我因闻佛教法,亦尊三宝各得九百万敬重,财富无益于王宫及我,我亦受苦。谁肯为已舍弃的财富而在尘世立足?我不畏财,唯愿随世尊出家。」答曰:「我亦与你同出家。」她答:「若能如此,可。」于是以一千车马出发,来到将要出家的第一河,问询河名如先,王告知去向,谓:「为三宝而出家。」记述出发,如前所述河水如坚石沉入水底,其他两河同是如此。
Satthā tāsaṃ āgatabhāvaṃ ñatvā yathā tā attano santike nisinne sāmike bhikkhū na passanti, tathā adhiṭṭhāsi. Devīpi āgacchantī satthu sarīrato nikkhantā rasmiyo disvā tatheva cintetvā satthāraṃ upasaṅkamitvā, vanditvā ekamantaṃ ṭhitā pucchi – ‘‘bhante, mahākappino rājā tumhe uddissa nikkhamitvā gato, kahaṃ nu kho so, amhākaṃ taṃ dassethā’’ti. ‘‘Nisīdatha tāva, idheva naṃ passissathā’’ti. Tā sabbāpi haṭṭhatuṭṭhā ‘‘idheva kira nisinnā sāmike no passissāmā’’ti nisīdiṃsu. Satthā anupubbiṃ kathaṃ kathesi. Anojādevī desanāpariyosāne tāhi saddhiṃ sotāpattiphalaṃ pāpuṇi. Mahākappino thero tāsaṃ desiyamānaṃ dhammadesanaṃ sutvā saparivāro saha paṭisambhidāhi arahattaṃ pāpuṇi. Tasmiṃ khaṇe satthā tāsaṃ te bhikkhū dassesi. Tāsañhi āgatakkhaṇeyeva attano sāmike kāsāvadhare muṇḍasīse disvā cittaṃ ekaggaṃ na bhaveyya, maggaphalaṃ nibbattetuṃ sakkā na bhaveyya. Tasmā acalasaddhāya patiṭṭhitakālato paṭṭhāya tāsaṃ te bhikkhū arahattappatte dassesi. Tāpi te disvā pañcapatiṭṭhitena vanditvā, ‘‘bhante, tumhākaṃ pabbajitakiccaṃ matthakappatta’’nti vatvā satthāraṃ vanditvā ekamantaṃ ṭhatvā pabbajjaṃ yāciṃsu.
世尊知彼众皆未见坐于我侧近僧伽的弟子,便起意住持。王后亦来,见世尊出家身体,见光辉显现,思惟世尊,近前礼拜,问曰:「尊者,大富商王早已为您而出家,今往何处?请告之我。」世尊曰:「请坐,此处可见他。」诸人闻言皆起坐:“此处坐官已久,为何不见我们所期待的?”答曰:“世尊正在逐步开示法义。”长老为王后讲法结束,王后共得初果。大富商王听佛说法及弟子果位,与众随从共证阿拉汉果。此时世尊显现秃顶袈裟,内心专注,不为法果所动,因固守坚固信解,于久经信受时显示遂证阿拉汉果。众目睹此景,五体投地,恭敬不已,说:「尊者,您引导我们归依法行,已见正道。」礼敬完毕,起立请教世尊出家。
Evaṃ vutte satthā uppalavaṇṇāya theriyā āgamanaṃ cintesi. Sā satthu cintitakkhaṇeyeva ākāsenāgantvā tā sabbā itthiyo gahetvā ākāsena bhikkhunupassayaṃ netvā pabbājesi. Tā sabbā nacirasseva arahattaṃ pāpuṇiṃsu. Satthā bhikkhusahassaṃ ādāya ākāsena jetavanaṃ agamāsi. Tatra sudaṃ āyasmā mahākappino rattiṭṭhānādīsu ‘‘aho sukhaṃ, aho sukha’’nti udānaṃ udānento vicarati. Bhikkhū bhagavato ārocesuṃ – ‘‘bhante, mahākappino ‘aho sukhaṃ, aho sukha’nti udānaṃ udānento vicarati, attano rajjasukhaṃ ārabbha udāneti maññe’’ti. Satthā taṃ pakkosāpetvā – ‘‘saccaṃ kira tvaṃ, kappina, kāmasukhaṃ ārabbha udānaṃ udānesī’’ti? ‘‘Bhagavā me, bhante, taṃ ārabbha udānabhāvaṃ vā aññaṃ ārabbha udānabhāvaṃ vā jānātī’’ti. Atha satthā – ‘‘na, bhikkhave, mama putto kāmasukhaṃ rajjasukhaṃ ārabbha udānaṃ udāneti, puttassa pana me dhammaṃ carato dhammapīti nāma uppajjati, so amatamahānibbānaṃ ārabbha evaṃ udānaṃ udānesī’’ti anusandhiṃ ghaṭetvā dhammaṃ desento imaṃ gāthamāha –
如是闻说,圣师思惟白莲色长老的出世。此人正当师所思惟之时,即从虚空而降,将诸女众悉皆摄取,以虚空为比库之所,予以引领而出家。此女众皆于不久彼已证得阿拉汉果。圣师带领一千比库,从虚空来至揭德林。那里,当夜,大咖毕那长老于居处等说:「啊,安乐,啊,安乐。」一边作声一边行。比库等问世尊:「尊者,大咖毕那边作声说‘啊,安乐,啊,安乐’,似乎开始发出自身国土之安乐赞叹。」世尊斥责他说:「诚然如言,大咖毕那,你确实从欲安乐、王国之安乐起而发出赞叹乎?」他说:「世尊,我不知是从欲安乐、王国安乐起讚,也不知是从别处起讚。」世尊曰:「比库们,我子非从欲安乐、王国安乐起赞,而是在子于法行之时,生起名为法喜。此乃无上涅槃初发之赞。」随即成就修习经行法,作此偈言:
‘‘Dhammapīti sukhaṃ seti, vippasannena cetasā;
「法喜是安乐,心清净欢喜;
Ariyappavedite dhamme, sadā ramati paṇḍito’’ti. (dha. pa. 79);
于圣谛所说之法中,智者恒常生欢悦。」(大品法句经第79偈)
Athekadivasaṃ satthā bhikkhū āmantesi – ‘‘kacci, bhikkhave, kappino bhikkhūnaṃ dhammaṃ desetī’’ti? ‘‘Appossukko, bhante, diṭṭhadhammasukhavihāraṃ anuyutto viharati, ovādamattampi na detī’’ti. Satthā theraṃ pakkosāpetvā – ‘‘saccaṃ kira tvaṃ, kappina, antevāsikānaṃ ovādamattampi na desī’’ti? ‘‘Saccaṃ, bhagavā’’ti. ‘‘Brāhmaṇa, mā evaṃ akāsi, ajja paṭṭhāya upagatānaṃ bhikkhūnaṃ dhammaṃ desehī’’ti. ‘‘Sādhu, bhante’’ti thero bhagavato vacanaṃ sirasā sampaṭicchitvā ekovādeneva samaṇasahassaṃ arahatte patiṭṭhāpesi. Tena naṃ satthā paṭipāṭiyā attano sāvake ṭhānantare ṭhapento ‘‘etadaggaṃ, bhikkhave, mama sāvakānaṃ bhikkhuovādakānaṃ yadidaṃ mahākappino’’ti (a. ni. 1.219, 231) etadagge ṭhapesi.
某日,世尊问比库们:「难道,大咖毕那向比库们说法乎?」比库答曰:「尊者,彼仅以亲见法乐之所安住,微言轻语,不广说法。」世尊责问长老:「诚然,如言,大咖毕那晚近时连轻微劝勉亦不宣说乎?」他答:「诚然,世尊。」世尊告诫:「婆罗门,勿如此行,今日当为初入入学比库宣讲法义。」长老首肯,恭敬受教,一声令下,立下成就阿拉汉之如来弟子千人。由此,世尊依序于弟子间立此最高,比库说法者之名:大咖毕那。(增支部1.219、231段释)
§66
66. Evaṃ thero pattaarahattaphalo attano pubbakammaṃ saritvā somanassajāto pubbacaritāpadānaṃ pakāsento padumuttaro nāma jinotiādimāha. Udito ajaṭākāseti sakalākāse udito uṭṭhito pākaṭabhūto. Saradambare saradakāle ākāse ravīva sūriyo ivāti attho.
六十六. 如是,长老披达阿拉汉证果,回顾自身前行,愉悦开启前世道业,名曰波突末多者敬称如来。"乌地多阿阇陀阿迦色":意为遍及天空而起,清晰显现。于秋雨季,秋叶时,如日出辉煌照耀于空中之意。
§70
70.Akkhadasso tadā āsinti tasmiṃ padumuttarassa bhagavato kāle sāradassī hitadassī ācariyo pākaṭo ahosinti attho.
七十. 阿迦达索长老在当时,波突末多佛时代,被称作秋色、善见、善护之导师,意即显现为教师。
§71
71.Sāvakassakatāvinoti tassa bhagavato me manaṃ mama cittaṃ, tappayantassa tosayantassa sāvakassa ovādakassa guṇaṃ pakāsayato aggaṭṭhāne ṭhapentassa katāvino sātaccakiccayuttassa vacanaṃ sutvāti sambandho.
修习法门者,谓世尊为我之心意、我之心念,悉心教导、令其欢喜者,谓为修习者之教诲功德显现,立于僧团中最上位者,具备种种善法,言语恰当——此即关联所在。
§73
73.Haṃsasamabhāgoti haṃsasadisagāmi. Haṃsadundubhinissanoti haṃsaravo dundubhibherisaddasadisavacano ‘‘etaṃ mahāmattaṃ passatha, bhikkhavo’’ti āhāti sambandho.
‘鸿鹄相似’者,谓鸿鹄般之同行者。‘鸿鹄鼓声’者,谓鸿鹄鸣啼似鼓声之言语,告诫曰『诸比库当观此至高法意』——此为关联。
§74
74.Samuggatatanūruhanti suṭṭhu uggatalomaṃ uddhaggalomaṃ, udagyamanaṃ vā. Jīmūtavaṇṇanti muttaphalasamānavaṇṇaṃ sundarasarīrapabhanti attho. Pīṇaṃsanti paripuṇṇaṃ aṃsaṃ. Pasannanayanānananti pasannaakkhipasannamukhanti attho.
‘肌肤坚实’者,谓肌肤毛发丰厚,毛发直立如棘,或朝向上方。‘麋鹿色’者,谓其颜色如成熟果实,体态美好光耀。‘丰满’者,谓肌肤圆润完整。‘目光安详’者,谓目光平和、目神清明面相柔和——是义。
§75
75.Katāvinoti katādhikārassa etadagge ṭhitassa bhikkhuno ṭhānaṃ so eso muditāya pahaṭṭhacittatāya patthetīti sambandho.
‘立于’者,谓具有权柄之比库所在位置于上首,此位置因喜悦与欢喜心而得,此为关联。
§81
81.Sataso anusāsiyāti dhammena samena vacanena kāraṇavasena anusāsitvāti attho. Bārāṇasiyamāsanneti bārāṇasiyā samīpe pesakāragāme. Jāto keniyajātiyanti tantavāyajātiyā pesakārakule jātoti attho. Sesaṃ suviññeyyamevāti.
‘以善法调伏’者,谓以法、语句、因缘为由调伏之意。‘巴拉那西近处’者,谓巴拉那西附近之寄居村落。‘生于肯尼乡族’者,谓出生于肯尼部落的寄居村。‘余者应明了’者,此意应通达明白。
Mahākappinattheraapadānavaṇṇanā samattā. · 玛哈咖毕那长老譬喻释义已竟。
4. Dabbamallaputtattheraapadānavaṇṇanā4. 答巴马喇子长老譬喻释义
Catutthāpadāne padumuttaro nāma jinotiādikaṃ āyasmato dabbamallaputtattherassa apadānaṃ. Ayampi purimabuddhesu katādhikāro tattha tattha bhave vivaṭṭūpanissayāni puññāni upacinanto padumuttarassa bhagavato kāle haṃsavatīnagare seṭṭhiputto hutvā jāto vibhavasampanno ahosi, satthari pasanno satthu dhammadesanaṃ suṇanto satthāraṃ ekaṃ bhikkhuṃ senāsanapaññāpakānaṃ aggaṭṭhāne ṭhapentaṃ disvā pasannamānaso buddhappamukhaṃ bhikkhusaṅghaṃ nimantetvā sattāhaṃ mahādānaṃ datvā sattāhaccayena bhagavato pādamūle nipatitvā taṃ ṭhānaṃ patthesi. Bhagavāpissa samijjhanabhāvaṃ ñatvā byākāsi. So yāvajīvaṃ kusalaṃ katvā tato cuto tusitādīsu devesu dibbasampattiṃ anubhavitvā tato cuto vipassissa bhagavato kāle ekasmiṃ kule nibbatto asappurisasaṃsaggena tassa sāvakaṃ bhikkhuṃ arahāti jānantopi abbhūtena abbhācikkhi. Tasseva sāvakānaṃ khīrasalākabhattaṃ adāsi. So yāvatāyukaṃ puññāni katvā devamanussesu saṃsaranto ubhayasampattiyo anubhavitvā kassapadasabalassa kāle kulagehe nibbatto osānakāle sāsane pabbajito parinibbute bhagavati sakalaloke kolāhale jāte satta bhikkhavo pabbajito paccantajanapade vanamajjhe ekaṃ pabbataṃ abhiruhitvā ‘‘jīvitāsā orohantu nirālayā nisīdantū’’ti nisseṇiṃ pātesuṃ. Tesaṃ ovādadāyako jeṭṭhakatthero satthāhabbhantare arahā ahosi. Tadanantaratthero anāgāmī, itare pañca parisuddhasīlā tato cutā devaloke nibbattā. Tattha ekaṃ buddhantaraṃ dibbasukhaṃ anubhavitvā imasmiṃ buddhuppāde pukkusāti (ma. ni. 3.342), sabhiyo (su. ni. sabhiyasutta), bāhiyo (udā. 10), kumārakassapoti (ma. ni. 1.249) ime cattāro tattha tattha nibbattiṃsu. Ayaṃ pana mallaraṭṭhe anupiyanagare nibbatti. Tasmiṃ mātukucchito anikkhanteyeva mātā kālamakāsi, atheko tassā sarīraṃ jhāpanatthāya citakasmiṃ āropetvā kumāraṃ dabbantare patitaṃ gahetvā jaggāpesi. Dabbe patitattā dabbo mallaputtoti pākaṭo ahosi. Aparabhāge pubbasambhāravasena pabbaji, so kammaṭṭhānamanuyutto nacirasseva saha paṭisambhidāhi arahattaṃ pāpuṇi.
第四部经集〈莲上行者〉名经,载于长老答巴马喇子尊者传记。彼尊者于昔佛时代亦属权柄之辈,其在各地善业流转,积累功德。彼于莲上行者如来时,生于鸿鸟城主子族,生后富饶显耀,心乐悦于师,承闻佛陀教法,尊敬佛陀教诲,作为僧团中讲法勇者,居于最上席位。彼心净明柔和,礼佛足下,修习如是法时,佛示现悲悯,亲说其生平。彼生时行善不辍,后转生于天界,享受神通之福,后又生于毗婆尸世间一贵族家庭。虽为不善人所亲近,知其为阿拉汉弟子而不显露。彼亦为弟子施予乳粥饭食。彼于世间努力修诸功德,于天人之间轮回享福。及至咖萨巴尊者时生,世间动乱,七比库出家安隐于他方。彼等攀登一山,欲望生存,不受无常苦难,遂入坐而止。其导师乃长老中最老年者,于导师圆寂前成为阿拉汉。后继师为不还来者,五长老皆具清净戒律,皆入灭后轮生天界。其间佛陀后一代,诸天享受天福,称名如:畜生胸山,萨比耶,包西,宫,及少年咖萨巴,此四皆在彼天境生起。此时在玛拉国之无忧城,有一母亲名卡玛拉,因怀孕不安,乃将胎儿放于囊中,托付一少年答巴马喇子代领养。答巴尊者如是显明。后世出家修行,不久即至阿拉汉果位,证得阿拉汉果。
Atha naṃ satthā majjhattabhāvena ānubhāvasampannabhāvena ca bhikkhūnaṃ senāsanaṃ paññāpane bhattuddesane ca niyojesi. Sabbo ca bhikkhusaṅgho taṃ samannesi. Taṃ vinayakhandhake (cūḷava. 189-190) āgatameva. Aparabhāge thero ekassa varasalākadāyakassa salākabhattaṃ mettiyabhūmajakānaṃ bhikkhūnaṃ uddisi. Te haṭṭhatuṭṭhā ‘‘sve mayhaṃ muggaghatamadhumissakabhattaṃ bhuñjissāmā’’ti ussāhajātā ahesuṃ. So pana upāsako tesaṃ vārappattabhāvaṃ sutvā dāsiṃ āṇāpesi – ‘‘ye, je, bhikkhū sve idha āgamissanti, te kaṇājakena bilaṅgadutiyena parivisāhī’’ti. Sāpi tatheva te bhikkhū āgate koṭṭhakapamukhe nisīdāpetvā bhojesi. Te bhikkhū anattamanā kopena taṭataṭāyantā there āghātaṃ bandhitvā ‘‘madhurabhattadāyakaṃ amhākaṃ amadhurabhattaṃ dāpetuṃ esova niyojesī’’ti dukkhī dummanā nisīdiṃsu. Atha te mettiyā nāma bhikkhunī ‘‘kiṃ, bhante, dummanā’’ti pucchi. Te, ‘‘bhagini, kiṃ amhe dabbena mallaputtena viheṭhiyamāne ajjhupekkhasī’’ti āhaṃsu. ‘‘Kiṃ, bhante, mayā sakkā kātu’’nti? ‘‘Tassa dosaṃ āropehī’’ti. Sā tattha tattha therassa abhūtāropanaṃ akāsi. Taṃ sutvā bhikkhū bhagavato ārocesuṃ. Atha bhagavā dabbaṃ mallaputtaṃ pakkosāpetvā – ‘‘saccaṃ kira tvaṃ, dabba, mettiyāya bhikkhuniyā vippakāramakāsī’’ti pucchi. ‘‘Yathā maṃ, bhante, bhagavā jānātī’’ti. ‘‘Na kho, dabba , dabbā evaṃ nibbeṭhenti, kārakabhāvaṃ vā akārakabhāvaṃ vā vadehī’’ti. ‘‘Akārako ahaṃ, bhante’’ti. Bhagavā – ‘‘mettiyaṃ bhikkhuniṃ nāsetvā te bhikkhū anuyuñjathā’’ti āha. Upālittherappamukhā bhikkhū taṃ bhikkhuniṃ uppabbājetvā mettiyabhūmajake bhikkhū anuyuñjitvā tehi ‘‘amhehi niyojitā sā bhikkhunī’’ti vutte bhagavato ekamatthaṃ ārocesuṃ. Bhagavā mettiyabhūmajakānaṃ bhikkhūnaṃ amūlakasaṅghādisesaṃ paññapesi.
于是,尊者以中道之身兼具功能的状态,受命为比库们安排驻处,并指导饮食供养。整个比库僧团对此均表示赞同。这在律部篇(小部第189-190节)中已有记载。在后半部分,一位长老把一把标示年份的标杆食物,专供居住于田地之边的比库们。他们兴奋地起身说:“我们将共享属于我们的蜂蜜饭。”然而,有居士听闻比库们愿意守约后,发放多数苹果含糊难堪2级分坐养食。比库们聚集在集会所门口席地而坐共进供养。他们心怀不满,愤怒闹着责问长老说:“你为我们安排的是甜饭,而你安排的却是不甜的饭。”情绪激动地坐下。此时一位名为同情的比库尼问道:“长老,何以如此愤怒?”他们说:“师姐,我们因答巴马喇子卑劣行为被戏弄,故发愤不平。”比库尼问:“我能有所作为吗?”长老说:“请你承担其责。”她当场为长老申辩。比库们将此事告知世尊。世尊召见答巴马喇子,说:“答巴,你确实对同情比库尼有不敬行为吗?”答巴马喇子答:“如实知晓,世尊。”世尊说:“答巴,你若语不真,或故意为非,应当受罚。”答巴马喇子答:“世尊,我并无恶意。”世尊指示比库们尊重同情比库尼。尊者乌波利等长老为这位比库尼辩护,号召其他田地边的比库们效法遵循。世尊给予田地边比库们无犯戒的训诲。
Tena ca samayena dabbatthero bhikkhūnaṃ senāsanaṃ paññāpento veḷuvanavihārassa sāmantā aṭṭhārasamahāvihāre sabhāge bhikkhū pesento rattibhāge andhakāre aṅguliyā padīpaṃ jāletvā tenevālokena aniddhimante bhikkhū pesesi. Evaṃ therassa senāsanapaññāpanabhattuddesanakicce pākaṭe jāte satthā ariyagaṇamajjhe dabbattheraṃ ṭhānantare ṭhapento ‘‘etadaggaṃ, bhikkhave, mama sāvakānaṃ bhikkhūnaṃ senāsanapaññāpakānaṃ yadidaṃ dabbo mallaputto’’ti (a. ni. 1.209, 214) etadagge ṭhapesi.
当时,尊者答巴马喇子为比库们安排驻处,派遣比库们前往瓦罗那寺及周边十八大寺的议事处。夜晚黑暗时,他点燃手指灯,用其光照明,为在寺内难以入眠的比库们服务。如此,尊者为安排驻处及饮食给予的工作明朗显现。于是,在圣众之中,将尊者答巴马喇子,与其他比库安排驻处者一同推举为首领,称其为“这是我众弟子中最尊贵,最能安排驻处的比库,答巴马喇子。”(见《论藏》《尼》一章209、214页)并由众人尊崇称颂。
§108
108. Thero attano pubbakammaṃ saritvā somanassajāto pubbacaritāpadānaṃ pakāsento padumuttaro nāma jinotiādimāha. Taṃ sabbaṃ heṭṭhā vuttatthameva. Ito ekanavute kappe vipassī nāma nāyako loke uppajjīti sambandho.
108. 尊者遵循自己以往的善业出生,有一位名叫苏摩那萨伽陀的比库,彰显出过去行善的功德。此事的详细缘由在后文载述。从此以后,在第十九劫,有一位出世领导世界的那赫希(Vipassī)诞生,此即相关缘起。
§125
125.Duṭṭhacittoti dūsitacitto asādhusaṅgamena apasannacittoti attho. Upavadiṃ sāvakaṃ tassāti tassa bhagavato khīṇāsavaṃ sāvakaṃ upavadiṃ, upari abhūtaṃ vacanaṃ āropesiṃ, abbhakkhānaṃ akāsinti attho.
125. “愚心”意谓心念污秽不清,因恶缘结而心烦乱,亦即不善恶境的作用使心变得不安定。这里所说的“谤毁弟子”,是指对世尊已断除烦恼的弟子诽谤,诋毁他们,甚至妄言污蔑,最终意图除灭他们的声誉。
§132
132.Dundubhiyoti dunduṃ iti saddāyanato dundubhisaṅkhātā bheriyo. Nādayiṃsūti saddaṃ kariṃsu. Samantato asaniyoti sabbadisābhāgato asane vināsane niyuttoti asaniyo, devadaṇḍā bhayāvahā phaliṃsūti sambandho.
132. “钟鼓”一词来源于“沉闷”之意,是用钟鼓发出的声音。它们发声。在四方,“雷鸣”意味着声响分布在四面八方,以破坏座位秩序,象征震怖之意,与天兵权杖和恐怖的果报有关联。
§133
133.Ukkā patiṃsu nabhasāti ākāsato aggikkhandhā ca patiṃsūti attho. Dhūmaketu ca dissatīti dhūmarājisahito aggikkhandho ca dissati paññāyatīti attho. Sesaṃ suviññeyyamevāti.
133. “扬起天空”指从天空中发出,如同天空燃烧一般,火焰部分随风而升起。又“烟火彗星”光明显现,并带有火焰部分,从此可知其所指。其余内容亦应如此理解。
Dabbamallaputtattheraapadānavaṇṇanā samattā. · 答巴马喇子长老譬喻释义已竟。
5. Kumārakassapattheraapadānavaṇṇanā5. 咖萨巴童子长老譬喻释义
Pañcamāpadāne ito satasahassamhītiādikaṃ āyasmato kumārakassapattherassa apadānaṃ. Ayaṃ kira padumuttarassa bhagavato kāle brāhmaṇakule nibbatto viññutaṃ patvā ekadivasaṃ satthu santike dhammaṃ suṇanto satthāraṃ ekaṃ bhikkhuṃ cittakathikānaṃ aggaṭṭhāne ṭhapentaṃ disvā sayampi taṃ ṭhānantaraṃ patthento paṇidhānaṃ katvā tadanurūpāni puññāni karonto yāvatāyukaṃ ṭhatvā tato cuto devamanussesu saṃsaranto ubhayasampattiyo anubhavitvā kassapassa bhagavato kāle kulagehe nibbatto tassa bhagavato sāsane pabbajitvā samaṇadhammaṃ katvā sugatīsuyeva saṃsaranto dibbasukhaṃ mānusasukhañca anubhavitvā imasmiṃ buddhuppāde rājagahe ekissā seṭṭhidhītāya kucchimhi nibbatto. Sā kira kumārikākāleyeva pabbajitukāmā mātāpitaro yācitvā pabbajjaṃ alabhamānā patikulaṃ gantvā gabbhaṃ gaṇhitvā taṃ ajānitvā ‘‘sāmikaṃ ārādhetvā pabbajjaṃ anujānāpessāmī’’ti cintesi. Sā sāmikaṃ ārādhentī, ayyaputta –
第五品果录,从百千余品起,记述具寿大长老库玛拉卡萨巴尊者的果录。此者记载,莲花长老世尊时代,于婆罗门家中涅槃后,觉悟而生,自一日中亲近佛陀,聆听佛法,见佛为一切比库中的心语者首领,设立规约。自见佛设立规约后,自己亦践行;发愿守持并依此行善,直至寿终。之后轮转于天人与人间,观享双重功德。及至尊者迦萨巴世尊时代,入婆罗门家涅槃,奉行世尊教法,出家修习沙门法,游转于善道,证得天堂与人间之乐。生于佛陀出世时的王舍城一富贵家中,为一国主之女。她欲出家,父母请求,欲得出家不遂,乃抱胎而隐忍不知,内心意念是“以尊者为师,仰望佛法,求得准许出家”。她努力倾心仰慕尊者,
‘‘Sace imassa kāyassa, anto bāhirako siyā;
“若此身终为内外两分,
Daṇḍaṃ nūna gahetvāna, kāke soṇe nivāraye’’ti. (visuddhi. 1.122) –
定当执罚,避除乌鸦和女人。”(净戒品1.122)
Ādinā sarīrassa dosaṃ dassentī taṃ ārādhesi.
以此身之过失先显明故而仰慕。
Sā sāmikena anuññātā gabbhinibhāvaṃ ajānantī devadattapakkhiyāsu bhikkhunīsu pabbaji. Tassā gabbhinibhāvaṃ disvā bhikkhuniyo devadattaṃ pucchiṃsu. So ‘‘assamaṇī’’ti āha. Sā ‘‘nāhaṃ devadattaṃ uddissa pabbajitā, bhagavantaṃ uddissa pabbajitā’’ti bhagavato santikaṃ gantvā dasabalaṃ pucchi. Satthā upālittheraṃ paṭicchāpesi. Thero sāvatthinagaravāsīni kulāni visākhañca upāsikaṃ pakkosāpetvā sarājikāya parisāya taṃ vinicchinanto ‘‘pure laddho gabbho, arogā pabbajjā’’ti āha. Taṃ sutvā satthā ‘‘sādhu suvinicchitaṃ upālinā adhikaraṇa’’nti therassa sādhukāraṃ adāsi.
她未得师命而不知胎孕之事,在天给特人护法的比库尼众中出家。众比库尼看她怀胎,问曰:“难道你是女沙门吗?”她答曰:“非也,我非为给特而出家,实为世尊出家而来。”遂亲近世尊,向十方护法请求。佛陀收留了长老优波离。此长老住于舍卫城,拜访诸家,并遣维萨迦女居士,询问世间事务,以贵族僧团察知“曾得孕育,健康而出家”之事。闻此,佛陀赞曰:“善哉!由优波离长老正确洞察而作决定。”
Sā bhikkhunī suvaṇṇabimbasadisaṃ puttaṃ vijāyi. Taṃ rājā pasenadi kosalo ‘‘dārakapariharaṇaṃ bhikkhunīnaṃ palibodho’’ti dhātīnaṃ dāpetvā posāpesi, kassapotissa nāmaṃ kariṃsu . Aparabhāge alaṅkaritvā satthu santikaṃ netvā pabbājesi. Kumārakāle pabbajitattā pana bhagavatā ‘‘kassapaṃ pakkosatha, idaṃ phalaṃ vā khādanīyaṃ vā kassapassa dethā’’ti vutte ‘‘katarakassapassā’’ti ‘‘kumārakassapassā’’ti evaṃ gahitanāmattā raññā posāvanīyaputtattā ca vuddhakālepi kumārakassapotveva paññāyittha.
此比库尼生下一金光相似之子。迦萨国王巴舍那帝视此为“比库尼教子之吉兆”,赐予血统符印并悉心抚养,名为迦萨波。稍后将其装饰后,引见佛陀而使之出家。在青年时代即曾出家,佛言“应当依迦萨巴出家,复由此得食果得福报”,故以“迦萨巴之子”名名之。及老时,人们仍称他为“库玛拉迦萨巴之子”,由贵女王荐养长存智慧。
So pabbajitakālato paṭṭhāya vipassanāya kammaṃ karoti, buddhavacanañca uggaṇhāti. Atha tena saddhiṃ pabbatamatthake samaṇadhammaṃ katvā anāgāmī hutvā suddhāvāse nibbattamahābrahmā ‘‘vipassanāya mukhaṃ dassetvā maggaphaluppattiyā upāyaṃ karissāmī’’ti pañcadasapañhe abhisaṅkharitvā andhavane vasantassa therassa ‘‘ime pañhe satthāraṃ puccheyyāsī’’ti ācikkhi. Tato so te pañhe bhagavantaṃ pucchi. Bhagavāpissa vissajjesi. Thero bhagavatā kathitaniyāmeneva te uggaṇhitvā vipassanaṃ gabbhaṃ gāhāpetvā arahattaṃ pāpuṇi.
由出家时起,他专心从事观智修行,并精勤诵持佛陀教法。随后,他与同伴一道,在山林深处践行沙门之法,成就了不还果,归于净宅。此时,大梵天对他说:“我将示现观智之面,随着道果之现起,当作此法。”然后,大梵天怀着十五个问题,嘱咐这位住于密林中的长老:“这十五个问题,当向师长请教。”于是,他便依次向世尊请问这些问题。世尊悉皆解答。长老按照世尊所教授的教诲,深入观智之理,终究证得阿拉汉果。
§150
150. So arahattaṃ patvā attano pubbakammaṃ saritvā somanassajāto pubbacaritāpadānaṃ pakāsento ito satasahassamhītiādimāha. Tattha yaṃ heṭṭhā vuttanayañca uttānatthañca, taṃ sabbaṃ na vaṇṇayissāma. Anuttānapadameva vaṇṇayissāma.
150. 证得阿拉汉果后,他回顾自己先前的业果,满心欢喜地宣说自己过往的行为功德,称为“自过去一百千劫以来”的功德等。他说:关于下面所述的因缘与涵义,本文不做详尽叙述。只着重叙说非凡境界的殊胜顶点。
§169
169.Āpannasattā me mātāti mayhaṃ mātā garugabbhā gabbhinī pasutāsannagabbhāti attho.
169.“来到的众生,是我的母亲”,意谓“我的母亲怀胎累月、生育时痛苦、临产临近”。
§173
173.Vammikasadisaṃkāyanti sarīraṃ nāma vammikasadisaṃ yathā vammiko ito cito ca chiddāvachiddo gharagoḷikaupacikādīnaṃ āsayo, evameva ayaṃ kāyo navachiddo dhuvassavoti buddhena bhagavatā desitaṃ pakāsitaṃ taṃ sutvā me cittaṃ āsave aggahetvā asesetvā kilesato vimucci, arahatte patiṭṭhāsīti attho. Aparabhāge tattha tattha bhikkhūnaṃ vicittadhammakathikabhāvaṃ sutvā satthā ‘‘etadaggaṃ, bhikkhave, mama sāvakānaṃ bhikkhūnaṃ cittakathikānaṃ yadidaṃ kumārakassapo’’ti (a. ni. 1.209, 217) etadagge ṭhapesīti.
173.称身体如蚁群,意指身体之整体如蚁穴般错综复杂,如同蚁穴由成百上千蚂蚁及其巢穴团聚而成,故称“蚁群身”。这身体是新的、未曾裂开的,恒常清净无染污。佛陀所说之义,听闻后,我心断除烦恼,终得解脱、证阿拉汉果。后半部分,当时闻弟子辩论时,世尊赞叹曰:“这位长老是我弟子中最优秀的心法辩说者,即是这位钵罗迦萨波。”因此该长老被尊为顶尖的辩论者。
Kumārakassapattheraapadānavaṇṇanā samattā. · 咖萨巴童子长老譬喻释义已竟。
6. Bāhiyattheraapadānavaṇṇanā6. 巴希亚长老譬喻释义
Chaṭṭhāpadāne ito satasahassamhītiādikaṃ āyasmato bāhiyassa dārucīriyattherassa apadānaṃ. Ayampi purimabuddhesu katādhikāro tattha tattha bhave vivaṭṭūpanissayāni puññāni upacinanto padumuttarassa bhagavato kāle brāhmaṇakule nibbatto brāhmaṇasippesu nipphattiṃ gantvā vedaṅgesu anavayo ekadivasaṃ satthu santikaṃ gantvā dhammaṃ suṇanto pasannamānaso satthāraṃ ekaṃ bhikkhuṃ khippābhiññānaṃ aggaṭṭhāne ṭhapentaṃ disvā taṃ ṭhānaṃ pattukāmo sattāhaṃ buddhappamukhassa bhikkhusaṅghassa mahādānaṃ datvā sattāhassa accayena bhagavato pādamūle nipanno ‘‘bhagavā, bhante, ito sattame divase yaṃ bhikkhuṃ khippābhiññānaṃ aggaṭṭhāne ṭhapesi, so viya ahampi anāgate ekassa buddhassa sāsane khippābhiññānaṃ aggo bhaveyya’’nti patthanaṃ akāsi . Bhagavā anāgataṃsañāṇena oloketvā samijjhanabhāvaṃ ñatvā ‘‘anāgate gotamassa bhagavato sāsane pabbajitvā khippābhiññānaṃ aggo bhavissatī’’ti byākāsi. So yāvatāyukaṃ puññāni katvā tato cuto devaloke nibbatto tattha cha kāmāvacarasampattiyo anubhavitvā puna manussesu cakkavattiādisampattiyo anekakappakoṭisatesu anubhavitvā kassapassa bhagavato kāle ekasmiṃ kule nibbatto, bhagavati parinibbute pabbajito yadā sāsane osakkamāne satta bhikkhū catunnaṃ parisānaṃ ajjhācāraṃ disvā saṃvegappattā araññaṃ pavisitvā ‘‘yāva sāsanassa antaradhānaṃ na hoti, tāva attano patiṭṭhaṃ karissāmā’’ti suvaṇṇacetiyaṃ vanditvā tattha araññe ekaṃ pabbataṃ disvā ‘‘jīvitasālayā nivattantu, nirālayā imaṃ pabbataṃ abhiruhantū’’ti nisseṇiṃ bandhitvā sabbe taṃ pabbataṃ abhiruyha nisseṇiṃ pātetvā samaṇadhammaṃ kariṃsu. Tesu saṅghatthero ekarattātikkamena arahattaṃ pāpuṇi. So anotattadahe nāgalatādantakaṭṭhaṃ khāditvā mukhaṃ dhovitvā uttarakuruto piṇḍapātaṃ āharitvā te bhikkhū āha – ‘‘āvuso, imaṃ piṇḍapātaṃ bhuñjathā’’ti. Te āhaṃsu – ‘‘kiṃ, bhante, amhehi evaṃ katikā katā ‘yo paṭhamaṃ arahattaṃ pāpuṇāti, tenābhataṃ piṇḍapātaṃ avasesā paribhuñjantū’’’ti? ‘‘No hetaṃ, āvuso’’ti. ‘‘Tena hi sace mayampi tumhe viya visesaṃ nibbattessāma, sayaṃ āharitvā bhuñjissāmā’’ti na icchiṃsu.
第六条圣迹中,自称为“一百千劫以来的巴西雅长老”的巴希耶巴里喻尊者的传记。此传记因其曾在多位前佛时代受持清净戒律,净化身心,修成广大利乐,生于婆罗门家族,精研吠陀经典,一日拜访佛前,专注听闻法音,喜悦敬服,视师为唯一,迅速证入神通之极。为表达对此尊者及其加持的崇敬,曾向佛陀及其僧团,至心布施巨财,祈祷佛陀继续传法。佛陀观看未来,知晓未来有尊者出家后,证得神通之极果。该尊者累积无量功德,最终舍弃天界再生,历经无数吉祥人世轮回,生于一阿拉汉家族。佛陀涅槃时,该尊者随四众人在一起礼敬祖制,心生感触,入荒郊林野,誓言:“在佛法不灭之前,誓守自身正法。”于是礼拜著名金塔,至林边一山,命令“放下俗事,登山修行。”众僧遂结界围绕此山,入山修行。该尊者夜半超越所有,证得阿拉汉果。后来他烧毁密集的竹林,洗净面颊,面向北方乞食;他对众僧说:“同伴们,请用此供养饭食。”众僧问:“尊者,何故在我们当中流传‘谁先证阿拉汉果,便可独享剩余供养’之说?”尊者答:“不然,若我证得特别果位,我必亲自取食自用。”众僧不欲强求。
Dutiyadivase dutiyatthero anāgāmī hutvā tatheva piṇḍapātaṃ āharitvā itare nimantesi. Te evamāhaṃsu – ‘‘kiṃ panāvuso, katikā katā, ‘mahātherena ābhataṃ piṇḍapātaṃ abhuñjitvā anutherena ābhataṃ bhuñjissāmā’’’ti? ‘‘No hetaṃ, āvuso’’ti. ‘‘Evaṃ sante tumhe viya mayampi visesaṃ nibbattetvā attano attano purisakārena bhuñjituṃ sakkontā bhuñjissāmā’’ti na icchiṃsu. Tesu arahattappattatthero parinibbāyi, dutiyo anāgāmī brahmaloke nibbatti, itare pañca visesaṃ nibbattetuṃ asakkontā sussitvā sattame divase kālaṃ katvā devaloke nibbattiṃsu. Tattha dibbasukhaṃ anubhavitvā imasmiṃ buddhuppāde tato cavitvā manussesu nibbattiṃsu. Tesu eko pukkusāti rājā ahosi, eko gandhāraraṭṭhe takkasilāyaṃ kumārakassapo, eko bāhiyo dārucīriyo, eko dabbo mallaputto, eko sabhiyo paribbājakoti. Tesu ayaṃ bāhiyo dārucīriyo suppārakapaṭṭane vāṇijakule nibbatto vāṇijakamme nipphattiṃ gato mahaddhano mahābhogo, so suvaṇṇabhūmiṃ gacchantehi vāṇijehi saddhiṃ nāvamāruyha videsaṃ gacchanto katipāhaṃ gantvā bhinnāya nāvāya sesesu macchakacchapabhakkhesu jātesu ekoyeva avasiṭṭho ekaṃ phalakaṃ gahetvā vāyamanto sattame divase suppārakapaṭṭanatīraṃ okkami. Tassa nivāsanapārupanaṃ natthi, so aññaṃ kiñci apassanto sukkhakaṭṭhadaṇḍake vākehi paliveṭhetvā nivāsetvā pārupitvā ca devakulato kapālaṃ gahetvā suppārakapaṭṭanaṃ agamāsi. Manussā taṃ disvā yāgubhattādīni datvā ‘‘ayaṃ eko arahā’’ti sambhāvesuṃ. So vatthesu upanītesu ‘‘sacāhaṃ nivāsemi, pārupāmi vā, lābhasakkāro me parihāyissatī’’ti tāni paṭikkhipitvā dārucīrāneva parihari.
第二日,另一位长老成就不还果,同样执持供养乞食,委婉拒绝他人邀请。僧团中一位不久后证阿拉汉,进入净梵天界,另五位未能成就殊胜道果,终寂灭于世。此中有王、公主、商人、长老护法等诸多不同身份者。那位被称为巴希耶巴里喻的长老,曾生长在富庶的商人家族,是一巨富豪。其随商贾出行往异乡,数月后单独留在船上,独自守持货物。他无住所,选择在竹林小屋中临时避宿,头顶由天界所赐的盔帽,返回商港。人们见其清净庄严,赠以珍馐赞其“此乃真正阿拉汉”。他也表明:“我将暂居此处,如遇损失与利益,皆随缘接受。”随后弃置竹屋,出入山林隐居修行。
Athassa ‘‘arahā, arahā’’ti bahūhi sambhāviyamānassa evaṃ cetaso parivitakko udapādi ‘‘ye keci loke arahanto vā arahattamaggaṃ vā samāpannā, ahaṃ tesaṃ aññataro’’ti so tena niyāmena kuhanakammena jīvikaṃ kappeti.
于是,他心中回绕反复念诵“阿拉汉,阿拉汉”二词,对于众多涌现此念头的人而言,生起这样思维:“这世间一切能够成为阿拉汉者,或者彻得阿拉汉之道者,我是其中之一。”他以此决断,施行密行,维持生命。
Kassapadasabalassa sāsane sattasu janesu pabbataṃ āruyha samaṇadhammaṃ karontesu eko anāgāmī hutvā suddhāvāsabrahmaloke nibbattitvā attano brahmasampattiṃ olokento āgataṭṭhānaṃ āvajjento pabbatamāruyha samaṇadhammaṃ karaṇaṭṭhānaṃ disvā sesānaṃ nibbattanaṭṭhānaṃ āvajjento ekassa parinibbutabhāvaṃ itaresañca pañcannaṃ kāmāvacaradevaloke nibbattabhāvaṃ ñatvā te kālānukālaṃ āvajjesi ‘‘imasmiṃ pana kāle kahaṃ nu kho te’’ti āvajjento dārucīriyaṃ suppārakapaṭṭanaṃ nissāya kuhanakammena jīvitaṃ kappentaṃ disvā ‘‘naṭṭho vatāyaṃ bālo, pubbe samaṇadhammaṃ karonto atiukkaṭṭhabhāvena arahatāpi ābhataṃ piṇḍapātaṃ aparibhuñjitvā idāni udarahetu anārahāva samāno arahattaṃ paṭijānitvā lokaṃ vañcento vicarati, dasabalassa uppannabhāvaṃ na jānāti, gacchāmi naṃ saṃvejetvā buddhuppādaṃ jānāpessāmī’’ti khaṇeneva brahmalokato otaritvā suppārakapaṭṭane rattibhāgasamanantare dārucīriyassa sammukhe pāturahosi. So attano vasanaṭṭhāne obhāsaṃ disvā bahi nikkhamitvā mahābrahmānaṃ disvā añjaliṃ paggayha ‘‘ke tumhe’’ti pucchi. ‘‘Ahaṃ tumhākaṃ porāṇakasahāyo anāgāmiphalaṃ patvā brahmaloke nibbatto, amhākaṃ sabbajeṭṭhako arahā hutvā parinibbuto, tumhe pana pañcajanā devaloke nibbattā. Svāhaṃ dāni taṃ imasmiṃ ṭhāne kuhanakammena jīvikaṃ kappentaṃ disvā damituṃ āgato’’ti vatvā idaṃ kāraṇaṃ āha – ‘‘neva kho tvaṃ, bāhiya, arahā nāpi arahattamaggaṃ vā samāpanno, sāpi te paṭipadā natthi, yāya tvaṃ arahā vā assa arahattamaggaṃ vā samāpanno’’ti. Athassa satthu uppannabhāvaṃ sāvatthiyaṃ vasanabhāvañca ācikkhitvā ‘‘satthu santikaṃ gacchā’’ti taṃ uyyojetvā brahmalokameva agamāsi.
迦萨巴婆娑婆萨同时代七人,曾攀登山峰修行比库法。其中一人菩萨为无来者,已转生于净居梵天界,审视自身所成之梵果,回访来处后,再登山峰修行比库法。当瞻望未证灭尽之他五人以及五欲之路灭尽于天界时,随时召唤他们:“如今何时可见汝等?”他又召唤居住在木柿利耶城、修行密行以维持生命者,说:“此人愚昧无知,昔日亦修行比库法,然以过恶之行为,粮食不善守护。如今因腹病而失德,为非阿拉汉,自知了悟阿拉汉,欺世迷人游行。此人不解三法印生起之本质。我欲去汝,觉知佛陀诞生。”他立刻自梵天界降临,日夜之间来到木柿利耶城。于城外现光出世,向一大梵天礼敬,问:“尔等何人?”答曰:“吾是尔昔日之助缘者,无来之果已成,生于梵天界;吾为一切之长老,已成阿拉汉,证得灭尽。尔五人则生天界。”他言:“汝今可见于此处,以密行维生,欲驯服尔。”继而说明原因:“汝非阿拉汉,亦未证阿拉汉之道,汝亦无通往证入阿拉汉果道之行。”随后以释迦佛出世之苦德与迦舍卫城住世之事实,指出释迦世尊初现之处,激励其前往佛陀近处,切莫迟延,遂离梵天界而去。
Bāhiyo pana ākāse ṭhatvā kathentaṃ mahābrahmānaṃ oloketvā cintesi – ‘‘aho bhāriyaṃ kammaṃ mayā kataṃ, anarahaṃ arahā ahanti cintesiṃ, ayañca maṃ ‘na tvaṃ arahā, nāpi arahattamaggaṃ vā samāpannāsī’ti vadati, atthi nu kho loke añño arahā’’ti. Atha naṃ pucchi – ‘‘atha ke carahi sadevake loke arahanto vā arahattamaggaṃ vā samāpannā’’ti. Athassa devatā ācikkhi – ‘‘atthi, bāhiya, uttaresu janapadesu sāvatthi nāma nagaraṃ, tattha so bhagavā etarahi viharati arahaṃ sammāsambuddho. So hi, bāhiya, bhagavā arahā ceva arahattāya ca dhammaṃ desesī’’ti. Bāhiyo rattibhāge devatāya kathaṃ sutvā saṃviggamānaso taṃkhaṇaṃyeva suppārakā nikkhamitvā ekarattivāsena sāvatthiṃ agamāsi, gacchanto ca pana devatānubhāvena buddhānubhāvena ca vīsayojanasatikaṃ maggaṃ atikkamitvā sāvatthiṃ anuppatto, tasmiṃ khaṇe satthā sāvatthiyaṃ piṇḍāya paviṭṭho hoti. So jetavanaṃ pavisitvā abbhokāse caṅkamante sambahule bhikkhū pucchi – ‘‘kuhiṃ etarahi satthā’’ti? Bhikkhū ‘‘sāvatthiyaṃ piṇḍāya paviṭṭho’’ti vatvā ‘‘tvaṃ pana kuto āgatosī’’ti pucchiṃsu. ‘‘Suppārakā āgatomhī’’ti. ‘‘Kadā nikkhantosī’’ti? ‘‘Hiyyo sāyanhasamaye nikkhantomhī’’ti. ‘‘Dūratopi āgato, nisīda tāva pāde dhovitvā telena makkhetvā thokaṃ vissamāhi, āgatakāle satthāraṃ dakkhissatī’’ti āhaṃsu. ‘‘Ahaṃ, bhante, satthu vā attano vā jīvitantarāyaṃ na jānāmi, katthaci aṭṭhatvā anisīditvā ekaratteneva vīsayojanasatikaṃ maggaṃ āgato, satthāraṃ passitvāva vissamissāmī’’ti āha. So evaṃ vatvā taramānarūpo sāvatthiṃ pavisitvā bhagavantaṃ anopamāya buddhasiriyā carantaṃ disvā ‘‘cirassaṃ vata me gotamo sammāsambuddho diṭṭho’’ti diṭṭhaṭṭhānato paṭṭhāya onatasarīro gantvā antaravīthiyaṃ pañcapatiṭṭhitena vanditvā gopphakesu daḷhaṃ gahetvā evamāha – ‘‘desetu, bhante bhagavā, dhammaṃ, desetu sugato dhammaṃ, yaṃ mamassa dīgharattaṃ hitāya sukhāyā’’ti. Atha naṃ satthā ‘‘akālo kho tāva, bāhiya, antaragharaṃ paviṭṭhamhā piṇḍāyā’’ti paṭikkhipi.
这时,他立于虚空,观看那大梵天,心中思惟:“我过去所造之业,今成阿拉汉算否?有人言我非阿拉汉,非阿拉汉道证得者。世间岂有他阿拉汉乎?”复问:“何人乃世间诸天中阿拉汉,或证阿拉汉道?”此时诸天告知:“有,巴希宛那境内有个名为舍卫之城,亦即世尊今住处,他为具足阿拉汉见证菩提正觉者,宣讲正法。”闻此语时刻,心生动荡,即刻离开木柿利耶,独居舍卫。往来途中,借助天与佛神力,超越百由旬路程至舍卫。至时,受于舍卫城市中饭食,进入祗树给孤独园,闲步时诸比库众多,问曰:“佛陀今安在?”比库答曰:“舍卫中饭食处。”复问:“尔自何处至?”答:“木柿利耶来。”复问:“何时出行?”答曰:“昨日傍晚时分出发。”比库言:“路遥远,暂坐休息,洗足涂油按摩,待佛至方可信服。”答曰:“吾不知佛陀及自身寿命,行至舍卫后安住一宿,亲见佛陀,决心信伏。”遂至舍卫,见佛如来无比光辉,立于所处之地,环身正法而行。对众礼拜,然后入佛陀法厅,从容宣说:“佛陀,世尊,应为我广宣法义,愿悦我久远之乐。”世尊告曰:“时未到,巴希宛那,尚居舍卫食处。”
Taṃ sutvā bāhiyo, ‘‘bhante, saṃsāre saṃsarantena kabaḷīkārāhāro na aladdhapubbo, tumhākaṃ vā mayhaṃ vā jīvitantarāyaṃ na jānāmi, desetu me, bhante bhagavā, dhammaṃ, desetu sugato dhamma’’nti puna yāci. Satthā dutiyampi tatheva paṭikkhipi. Evaṃ kirassa ahosi – ‘‘imassa diṭṭhakālato paṭṭhāya sakalasarīraṃ pītiyā nirantaraṃ ajjhotthaṭaṃ hoti, balavapītivego dhammaṃ sutvāpi na sakkhissati paṭivijjhituṃ, majjhattupekkhāya tāva tiṭṭhatu, ekaratteneva vīsayojanasatikaṃ maggaṃ āgatassapi cassa daratho balavā sopi tāva paṭippassambhatū’’ti. Tasmā dvikkhattuṃ paṭikkhipitvā tatiyaṃ yācito antaravīthiyaṃ ṭhitova ‘‘tasmātiha te, bāhiya, evaṃ sikkhitabbaṃ, diṭṭhe diṭṭhamattaṃ bhavissatī’’tiādinā (udā. 10) nayena anekapariyāyena dhammaṃ desesi. So satthu dhammaṃ suṇantoyeva sabbāsave khepetvā saha paṭisambhidāhi arahattaṃ pāpuṇi.
闻此,巴希宛那复言:“尊者,轮回中迁转苦恼无量,我不知尔及我寿命长短,愿尊者宣说佛陀正法,愿尊者再度开示。”佛陀第二次亦拒绝。于是如是说:“从目睹佛陀时起,整体身心恒生喜悦和乐,虽受佛法饱满力量,却不愿驳倒,宜以平常心观之。即使行至舍卫一宿,亦有足够气力安住清净智慧条件。”于是佛陀第三次应请,立于中庭,说:“尔当就此受持教训,所见即真实。”以此理法多样阐明佛法。彼时比库们听闻佛法,断除诸漏,善巧修习,证得阿拉汉果。
§178
178. So arahattaṃ pattakkhaṇeyeva pubbakammaṃ saritvā sañjātasomanasso pubbacaritāpadānaṃ pakāsento ito satasahassamhītiādimāha. Taṃ heṭṭhā vuttanayattā uttānatthameva. Anuttānapadavaṇṇanameva karissāma.
178. 即将成阿拉汉之时,如往昔所作善根,一面消除新生之忧恼,昭示先前行愿功德。以下诸句,皆依言说次第,作最高妙义之阐述。
§181
181.Hasanaṃ paccavekkhaṇanti paripuṇṇasomanassajātaṃ paccavekkhaṇaṃ, komāravaṇṇaṃ atikomalanti attho.
181.“笑容之回顾”者指由圆满欢喜生起之观照,意谓:幼童之柔和天真为其意义所在。
§182
182.Hemayaññopacitaṅganti suvaṇṇasuttayaññopacitasuttaavayavaṃ sarīraṃ dehanti attho. Palambabimbatamboṭṭhanti olambitabimbaphalasadisaṃ rattavaṇṇaṃ oṭṭhadvayasamannāgatanti attho. Setatiṇhasamaṃ dijanti sunisitatikhiṇaayalohaghaṃsanena ghaṃsitvā samaṃ kataṃ viya samadantanti attho.
182.「黄金所饰之物」是指与黄金经相应之法及其组成部分的身体。「身体」意指那如松脂般流动、如影像映现、如果实表皮般覆盖、呈现赤色光泽,且具有两条棱线者。其义又如同用白铁之坚利刀刃,将白铁锻砺切割整齐,显现出均齐无差的形状。
§183
183.Pītisamphullitānananti pītiyā suṭṭhu phullitaṃ vikasitaṃ ānanaṃ mukhaṃ ādāsatalasadisamukhavantanti attho.
183.「欢喜饱满的面容」是指由欢喜充盈而圆润、舒展的面孔,面貌如莲花盛开般饱满完整,具有明净光亮之面容。
§184
184.Khippābhiññassa bhikkhunoti khippaṃ desanāya samugghāṭitakkhaṇeyeva abhivisesena ñātuṃ samatthassa bhikkhunoti attho.
184.「迅速具足智慧的比库」意指那能迅速开启法门、顿时明了教义,且特别擅长解达真谛的比库。
§186
186.Saggaṃagaṃ sabhavanaṃ yathāti attano gehaṃ viya saggaṃ lokaṃ agamāsinti attho.
186.「升入天界居所」意谓如同自家房屋一般亲近,进入天界世界居住之义。
§196
196.Natvaṃ upāyamaggaññūti tvaṃ nibbānādhigamūpāyabhūtamaggaññū na ahosīti attho.
196.「未达涅槃,便不应称为‘通达涅槃途径者’」意指你尚未得已入涅槃,因此不能被称为已通达其达到涅槃之方法者。
§200
200.Satthuno sadā jinanti sadā sabbakālaṃ jinaṃ jinanto parājitakopo satthuno sammāsambuddhassa vimalānanaṃ ādāsatalasadisamukhaṃ passissāmi passituṃ nikkhamāmīti yojanā. Dije apucchiṃ kuhiṃ lokanandanoti kuhiṃ ṭhāne lokapasādakaro satthāti dije brāhmaṇe ahaṃ bhikkhū apucchinti attho.
200.「世尊恒常胜利者」意谓他恒常超越世间诸胜利者,我必观其纯净光明,如明净莲花面容而得见闻应供之圣者。弟子问曰:‘何处是乐天?何处是令世安稳之地?’此问辩士之意,即问:‘我是比库,愿于何处得见令大众欢悦的尊者?’
§201
201.Sasova khippaṃ munidassanussukoti munidassane tathāgatadassane ussuko ussāhajāto saso iva khippaṃ pāpuṇātīti attho.
201.『萨索瓦』意为迅速。此处表明圣人显现时,如来显现时所生的热诚和激励,也如闪电般迅疾而至。此义于此教法中,是指修行者因见圣人的启示而生起迅猛的动力。
§202
202.Tuvaṭaṃ gantvāti sīghaṃ gantvā. Piṇḍatthaṃ apihāgidhanti piṇḍapātaṃ paṭicca apihaṃ apagatapihaṃ agidhaṃ nittaṇhaṃ.
202.『图瓦塔姆甘塔』意为快行,迅速前往。『皮恩达塔』表示饭食、供养;『阿毗哈吉丹提』意谓放弃依赖供养的身居人世。此段指修行者迅速行进,虽离供养亦不依赖,而是自立自得。
§203
203.Alolakkhanti ito cito ca anolokayamānaṃ uttame sāvatthinagare piṇḍāya vicarantaṃ adakkhinti sambandho. Sirīnilayasaṅkāsanti siriyā lakkhaṇānubyañjanasobhāya nilayaṃ saṅkāsaṃ jalamānatoraṇasadisaṃ. Ravidittiharānananti vijjotamānasūriyamaṇḍalaṃ viya vijjotamānamukhamaṇḍalaṃ.
203.修行者既远视又近观,在上好的沙瓦提城里托钵乞食时,能观察事理其如系缚关联一般。此地福德所在处,如同从荣耀相的特征表现出的庄严宫殿,宛如水滴悬挂的廊檐。又如透亮的太阳光环,明亮耀眼之境界。
§204
204.Kupathe vippanaṭṭhassāti kucchitapathe sopaddavamagge mūḷhassa micchāpaṭipannassa me saraṇaṃ hohi patiṭṭhā hohi. Gotamāti bhagavantaṃ gottena ālapati.
204.『库帕特赫』意为弯曲小路;此谓愚痴者因错误行径,行弯曲而障碍之道。此时修学者祈愿:“愿我成为他的依止,坚固其所立也。”『果德玛』即尊贵的世尊,由此而称呼表示恭敬。
§218
218.Na tattha sukkā jotantīti sukkapabhāsampannā jotamānaosadhitārakādayo na jotanti nappabhāsanti. Sesaṃ uttānatthameva. So evaṃ pubbacaritāpadānaṃ pakāsetvā tāvadeva ca bhagavantaṃ pabbajjaṃ yāci. ‘‘Paripuṇṇaṃ te pattacīvara’’nti ca puṭṭho ‘‘na paripuṇṇa’’nti āha. Atha naṃ satthā ‘‘tena hi pattacīvaraṃ pariyesāhī’’ti vatvā pakkāmi. So kira vīsativassasahassāni samaṇadhammaṃ karonto ‘‘bhikkhunā nāma attanā paccaye labhitvā aññaṃ anoloketvā sayameva paribhuñjituṃ vaṭṭatī’’ti vatvā ekabhikkhussāpi pattena vā cīvarena vā saṅgahaṃ nākāsi, ‘‘na tenassa iddhimayaṃ pattacīvaraṃ uppajjissatī’’ti ñatvā bhagavā ehibhikkhubhāvena pabbajjaṃ nādāsi. Tampi pattacīvaraṃ pariyesamānameva saṅkāraṭṭhānato coḷakkhaṇḍāni saṃkaḍḍhentaṃ pubbaveriko amanusso ekissā taruṇavacchāya gāviyā sarīre adhimuccitvā vāmaūrumhi paharitvā jīvitakkhayaṃ pāpesi. Satthā piṇḍāya caritvā katabhattakicco sambahulehi bhikkhūhi saddhiṃ nikkhamanto bāhiyassa sarīraṃ saṅkāraṭṭhāne patitaṃ disvā ‘‘gaṇhatha, bhikkhave, etaṃ bāhiyaṃ dārucīriyanti ekasmiṃ gehadvāre ṭhatvā mañcakaṃ āharāpetvā imaṃ sarīraṃ nagaradvārato nīharitvā jhāpetvā dhātuyo gahetvā thūpaṃ karothā’’ti bhikkhū āṇāpesi.
218.此非干燥光明。意指具有光亮的药物并非真正发光,亦即不真正照耀。剩余之义为全面提升向上。如此,修行者揭示前世善根,向世尊请求出家,答曰其袈裟不完全。世尊语曰:以此袈裟可求,无需圆满。此人即持续二万多年修行,于比库道业中自得,未见他人依凭而独自受用。虽有一比库或一袈裟,亦不与众同藏。识知此不可思议之袈裟,世尊以比库身分未许其出家。该袈裟寻找之时,于业果中产生残余几断,堕为非人。在树荫下用牛奶浇洒,伤及性命而致死。世尊行乞时,与众多比库同往,于外尸处见分解的尸体,告诫:「比库们,拿取此外地木棺,置于一户门口,挖坑埋尸,用土覆盖,然后立塔以示敬仰。」众比库奉行。
Te bhikkhū dhātuṃ mahāpathe thūpaṃ kāretvā satthāraṃ upasaṅkamitvā attano katakammaṃ ārocesuṃ. Tato saṅghamajjhe kathā udapādi – ‘‘tathāgato bhikkhusaṅghena sarīrajhāpanakiccaṃ kāresi, dhātuyo ca gāhāpetvā cetiyaṃ kārāpesi, kataramaggo nu kho tena samadhigato, sāmaṇero nu kho so, bhikkhu nu kho’’ti. Satthā taṃ aṭṭhuppattiṃ katvā ‘‘patiṭṭhito, bhikkhave, bāhiyo dārucīriyo arahatto’’ti upari dhammadesanaṃ vaḍḍheti. Tassa parinibbutabhāvañca ācikkhitvā ‘‘etadaggaṃ, bhikkhave, mama sāvakānaṃ bhikkhūnaṃ khippābhiññānaṃ yadidaṃ bāhiyo dārucīriyo’’ti (a. ni. 1.209, 216) etadagge ṭhapesi.
这些比库在大路上立塔,召请世尊近前,向尊者述说自己所作。时众僧中起议论:「此因如来与比库团共作尸身火化事宜,所立之塔究竟如何定格?此埋骨者是沙玛内拉,还是比库?」世尊就此说明:「此外地之木棺,尔等应知是阿拉汉所用。」乃重申法义,以此确证其涅槃及超越状态,称此为「外地木棺」是我弟子中悟得最高境界者的速证象征,并以此典范收录讲述。
Atha naṃ bhikkhū pucchiṃsu – ‘‘tumhe, bhante, ‘bāhiyo dārucīriyo arahattaṃ patto’ti vadetha, kadā so arahattaṃ patto’’ti? ‘‘Mama dhammaṃ sutakāle, bhikkhave’’ti. ‘‘Kadā panassa, bhante, tumhehi dhammo kathito’’ti? ‘‘Bhikkhāya carantena antaravīthiyaṃ ṭhitenā’’ti. ‘‘Appamattako, bhante, tumhehi antaravīthiyaṃ ṭhatvā kathitadhammo; kathaṃ so tāvattakena visesaṃ nibbattesī’’ti? Atha ne satthā, ‘‘bhikkhave, mama dhammaṃ ‘appaṃ’ vā ‘bahuṃ vā’ti mā cintayittha. Anekānipi hi anatthapadasaṃhitāni gāthāsahassāni na seyyo, atthanissitaṃ pana ekampi gāthāpadaṃ seyyo’’ti vatvā anusandhiṃ ghaṭetvā dhammaṃ desento imaṃ gāthamāha –
彼时,比库们问曰:「尊者,汝等曾言‘外道木棍者得阿拉汉果’,请问此阿拉汉果,何时得成?」大师答曰:「比库们,于吾闻法之时。」又问:「尊者,何时由汝等说法?」答曰:「於比库行道中,立于引导之际。」复问:「尊者,汝等立于引导之际而慎密说法,其终止如何特异?」师曰:「比库们,于吾法尔无须虑‘少或多’。斯有多误导无益之偈诗千首,犹不及一句义理精确之偈。」于是乃续行讲法,作偈曰:
‘‘Sahassamapi ce gāthā, anatthapadasaṃhitā;
「即使偈诗千首,俱含无益之辞;
Ekaṃ gāthāpadaṃ seyyo, yaṃ sutvā upasammatī’’ti. (dha. pa. 101) –
一偈辞尤胜,闻之心解脱。」(《法句经·第101偈》)
Desanāpariyosāne caturāsītiyā pāṇasahassānaṃ dhammābhisamayo ahosīti.
法说已毕,忆录四万三千句。
Bāhiyattheraapadānavaṇṇanā samattā. · 巴希亚长老譬喻释注完毕。
7. Mahākoṭṭhikattheraapadānavaṇṇanā7. 玛哈果提德长老譬喻释注
Sattamāpadāne padumuttaro nāma jinotiādikaṃ āyasmato mahākoṭṭhikattherassa apadānaṃ. Kā uppatti? Ayampi purimabuddhesu katādhikāro tattha tattha bhave vivaṭṭūpanissayāni puññāni upacinanto padumuttarassa bhagavato kāle haṃsavatīnagare mahābhogakule nibbattitvā viññutaṃ patto mātāpitūnaṃ accayena kuṭumbaṃ saṇṭhapetvā gharāvāsaṃ vasanto ekadivasaṃ padumuttarassa bhagavato dhammadesanākāle haṃsavatīnagaravāsino gandhamālādihatthe yena buddho yena dhammo yena saṅgho, tanninne tappoṇe tappabbhāre gacchante disvā tehi saddhiṃ bhagavantaṃ upasaṅkamitvā, satthāraṃ ekaṃ bhikkhuṃ paṭisambhidāppattānaṃ aggaṭṭhāne ṭhapentaṃ disvā ‘‘ayaṃ imasmiṃ sāsane paṭisambhidāppattānaṃ aggo, yaṃnūnāhampi ekassa buddhassa sāsane ayaṃ viya paṭisambhidāppattānaṃ aggo bhaveyya’’nti cintetvā satthu desanāpariyosāne vuṭṭhitāya parisāya bhagavantaṃ upasaṅkamitvā, ‘‘bhante, sve mayhaṃ gehe bhikkhaṃ gaṇhathā’’ti nimantesi. Satthā adhivāsesi. So bhagavantaṃ abhivādetvā padakkhiṇaṃ katvā sakanivesanaṃ gantvā sabbarattiṃ buddhassa ca bhikkhusaṅghassa ca nisajjaṭṭhānaṃ gandhamālādīhi alaṅkaritvā khādanīyabhojanīyaṃ paṭiyādāpetvā tassā rattiyā accayena sakanivesane bhikkhusatasahassaparivāraṃ satthāraṃ vividhayāgukhajjakaparivāraṃ sasūpabyañjanaṃ gandhasālibhojanaṃ bhojāpetvā bhattakiccapariyosāne cintesi – ‘‘mahantaṃ kho ahaṃ ṭhānantaraṃ patthemi, na pana yuttaṃ mayā ekadivasameva dānaṃ datvā taṃ ṭhānantaraṃ patthetuṃ, anupaṭipāṭiyā sattāhaṃ dānaṃ datvā patthessāmī’’ti. So teneva niyāmena sattāhaṃ mahādānaṃ datvā bhattakiccapariyosāne dussakoṭṭhāgāraṃ vivarāpetvā uttamaṃ ticīvarappahonakaṃ sukhumavatthaṃ buddhassa pādamūle ṭhapetvā bhikkhusatasahassassa ca ticīvaraṃ datvā tathāgataṃ upasaṅkamitvā, ‘‘bhante, yo so bhikkhu tumhehi ito sattame divasamatthake paṭisambhidāppattānaṃ aggaṭṭhāne ṭhapito, ahampi so bhikkhu viya anāgate uppajjanakassa buddhassa sāsane pabbajitvā paṭisambhidāppattānaṃ aggo bhaveyya’’nti satthu pādamūle nipajjitvā patthanaṃ akāsi. Satthā tassa samijjhanabhāvaṃ ñatvā ‘‘anāgate ito kappasatasahassamatthake gotamo nāma buddho loke uppajjissati, tassa sāsane tava patthanā samijjhissatī’’ti byākāsi. So tattha yāvatāyukaṃ puññāni katvā tato cuto devasampattiṃ anubhavitvā aparāparaṃ devamanussesu paribbhami.
《第七篇传记》中记载有名帕都摩多为大师玛哈果提德长老传记。起因如何?此人与昔日诸佛中典范相同,时处各地土壤蕴成善根成熟。帕都摩多尊者于如来时期,为鸿达成家富贵之家子弟,母亲亲族皆完整安稳,以致家居安乐。一日及大师说法时,居住鸿达城诸居民手执香环等供养者,见其即与佛法、三宝同行,闻悉给与普遍尊宠。由此渴望,见佛与僧后,便至侍立一比库处,该比库于断观中的最高境界得阿拉汉定证,心念生起信解:「此人在此教法中为定证第一,犹如未来一佛教法中第一定证者。」于是於佛学说终了,向佛尊近而请曰:「尊者,试受我之家比库。」佛尊允诺。彼遂礼拜大师,绕佛顶礼,入居讲堂,供养佛及僧众,披挂香环等饰品,备粗细副食与主食。用毕夜间,便于府邸居住,率领百千僧众奉养导师,周围亦供奉多样猪畜饲养、多种调味与香料粮食。饱食完毕思惟:「我将遭遇长久安住境界,然单日布施难达此果,若依教训七日持续布施,则可达境。」依此约束,持续七日布施大施,于布施终时,揭开储粮库,安置上好细软袈裟于佛足下,并献百千袈裟供养百千比库。乃至亲近佛陀,言:「以若干七日,供养安住定证诸比库,我亦如是出家,彼教法中为第一定证。」於佛足前俯伏,作起行禅行。佛知其心住,宣说曰:「未来逾时百千劫后,名为果德玛者,将来世间出世当来佛,其教法将由汝传扬。」于是该人积攒善根,然后往生天界。有过此天界人间轮回,享福资粮丰盛,最终生于婆罗门大姓,名为果德弥。由何故称其名为果德弥或由父或由母?此须知其聪颖谙熟文法,精通韵律,博通正音,从口传至文义,亲近教师,一心研习,四方往返辩难探究,作称谓词。乃三十岁已成人,弃除婆罗门族俗,访求佛法,闻法生信,出家受具足戒,自受具足戒之时起,即勤作慧观修,得定证解脱,诸多长老慕名前来致问,所获法理殊胜皆问於他。他即于此为众长老为首之定证最高者。继而弟子于所得《大慧经》和《八支经》中制作注疏,为定证最高者而立言曰:「此即为诸比库大众定证中至尊者,名曰玛哈果提德。」
Evaṃ so devamanussesu saṃsaranto tattha tattha bhave puññañāṇasambhāre sambharanto imasmiṃ buddhuppāde sāvatthiyaṃ brāhmaṇamahāsālakule nibbatti, koṭṭhikotissa nāmaṃ akaṃsu. Kasmā mātuyā vā ayyakapayyakādīnaṃ vā nāmaṃ aggahetvā evaṃ nāmaṃ kariṃsūti ce? Attano paññavantatāya vedaṅgesu satakkaparatakkesu sanighaṇḍukeṭubhesu sākkharappabhedesu sakalabyākaraṇesu ca chekabhāvena ca diṭṭhadiṭṭhe jane mukhasattīhi koṭṭhento pakkoṭṭhento vitudanto vicaratīti anvatthanāmaṃ kariṃsūti veditabbaṃ. So vayappatto tayo vede uggahetvā brāhmaṇasippe nipphattiṃ patto ekadivasaṃ satthu santikaṃ gantvā dhammaṃ sutvā paṭiladdhasaddho pabbajitvā upasampannakālato paṭṭhāya vipassanāya kammaṃ karonto saha paṭisambhidāhi arahattaṃ patvā paṭisambhidāsu ciṇṇavasī hutvā abhīto mahāthere upasaṅkamitvā pañhaṃ pucchantopi dasabalaṃ upasaṅkamitvā paṭisambhidāsuyeva pañhaṃ pucchi. Evamayaṃ thero tattha katādhikāratāya tattha ciṇṇavasībhāvena ca paṭisambhidāppattānaṃ aggo jāto. Atha naṃ satthā mahāvedallasuttaṃ aṭṭhuppattiṃ katvā paṭisambhidāppattānaṃ aggaṭṭhāne ṭhapesi, ‘‘etadaggaṃ, bhikkhave, mama sāvakānaṃ bhikkhūnaṃ paṭisambhidāppattānaṃ yadidaṃ mahākoṭṭhiko’’ti (a. ni. 1.209, 218).
如此,彼于天人之间流转轮回,于彼彼诸有中积累福德与智慧之资粮,于此佛陀出世之时,生于沙瓦提一婆罗门大富之家,众人为其立名为「果提达」。若问:为何不取母名或祖父曾祖父等之名,而立此名?应知:乃因彼自身具有智慧之故——于吠陀支分、百论比较论、词典语法释义、音韵分析、以及完整文法诸学中皆精通娴熟,凡见识之人,皆以言辞之刃击破、反驳、刺穿而游行,故依义立名也。彼成年后,习得三吠陀,于婆罗门技艺获得成就,某日前往世尊处听法,生起信心,出家受达上,自达上之时起,修行观法,连同四无碍解,证得阿拉汉果,于四无碍解中成就自在。彼无所畏惧,虽亦前往大长老处发问,然前往具十力者处时,唯于四无碍解方面发问。如此,此长老因在彼处所作之积累,以及在彼处修习自在之故,成为证得四无碍解者中之第一。其后,世尊以《大广经》为缘起,将彼安立于证得四无碍解者之首位,宣说:『诸比库,于我声闻比库中,证得四无碍解者,玛哈果提德为第一。』
§221
221. So aparena samayena vimuttisukhaṃ paṭisaṃvedento somanassajāto attano pubbacaritāpadānaṃ pakāsento padumuttaro nāma jinotiādimāha. Taṃ sabbaṃ heṭṭhā vuttanayattā uttānatthameva.
221. 其后世尊回忆过去所行之善德,体悟解脱之乐,心生喜悦,名为波突摩多罗尊者说此胜义道。此段经文自下而上诠释,旨在阐明高深义理。
Itthaṃsudamāyasmā mahākoṭṭhikoti ettha sudanti nidassane nipāto. Āyasmāti gāravādhivacanaṃ, yathā taṃ āyasmā mahāmoggallānoti.
此处名为苏达摩长老,其昵称“摩果提多罗”,作为释示章节的护标题。长老之尊称用于尊敬,如称呼大摩诃迦叶为“长老”。
Mahākoṭṭhikattheraapadānavaṇṇanā samattā. · 玛哈果提德长老譬喻释注完毕。
8. Uruvelakassapattheraapadānavaṇṇanā8. 伍儒韦喇咖萨巴长老譬喻释注
Aṭṭhamāpadāne padumuttaro nāma jinotiādikaṃ āyasmato uruvelakassapattherassa apadānaṃ. Ayampi purimabuddhesu katādhikāro tattha tattha bhave vivaṭṭūpanissayāni puññāni upacinanto padumuttarassa bhagavato kāle kulagehe nibbatto vayappatto satthu santike dhammaṃ sutvā satthāraṃ ekaṃ bhikkhuṃ mahāparivārānaṃ aggaṭṭhāne ṭhapentaṃ disvā sayampi taṃ ṭhānantaraṃ patthento mahādānaṃ datvā paṇidhānaṃ akāsi. Bhagavā cassa anantarāyataṃ disvā ‘‘anāgate gotamabuddhassa sāsane mahāparivārānaṃ aggo bhavissatī’’ti byākāsi. So tattha yāvatāyukaṃ puññāni katvā tato cavitvā devamanussesu saṃsaranto ito dvenavutikappamatthake phussassa bhagavato vemātikakaniṭṭhabhātā hutvā nibbatto, aññepissa dve kaniṭṭhabhātaro ahesuṃ. Te tayo buddhappamukhabhikkhusaṅghaṃ nimantetvā paramāya pūjāya pūjetvā yāvajīvaṃ kusalaṃ katvā devamanussesu saṃsaranto amhākaṃ bhagavato uppattito puretarameva bārāṇasiyaṃ brāhmaṇakule tayo bhātaro hutvā nibbattā gottavasena tayopi kassapāti evaṃ nāmakā ahesuṃ. Te tayo vayappattā tayo vede uggaṇhiṃsu. Tesaṃ jeṭṭhabhātikassa pañcamāṇavakasatāni parivārā, majjhimassa tīṇi, kaniṭṭhassa dve, te attano ganthesu sāraṃ olokentā diṭṭhadhammikameva atthaṃ disvā pabbajjaṃ rocesuṃ. Tesu jeṭṭhabhātā attano parivārena saddhiṃ uruvelaṃ gantvā isipabbajjaṃ pabbajitvā uruvelakassapo nāma jāto, majjhimo gaṅgānadīvaṅke pabbajito nadīkassapo nāma jāto, kaniṭṭho gayāsīse pabbajito gayākassapo nāma jāto. Evaṃ tesu isipabbajjaṃ pabbajitvā tattha tattha vasantesu bahūnaṃ divasānaṃ accayena amhākaṃ bodhisatto mahābhinikkhamanaṃ nikkhamitvā paṭividdhasabbaññutaññāṇo anukkamena dhammacakkaṃ pavattetvā pañcavaggiyatthere arahatte patiṭṭhāpetvā yasakulaputtappamukhe pañcapaññāsajane sahāyake vinetvā saṭṭhi arahante ‘‘caratha, bhikkhave, cārika’’nti (mahāva. 32) vissajjetvā tiṃsabhaddavaggiye vinetvā uruvelakassapassa vasanaṭṭhānaṃ gantvā vasanatthāya agyāgāraṃ pavisitvā tattha gatanāgadamanādīhi aḍḍhuḍḍhasahassehi pāṭihāriyehi uruvelakassapaṃ saparivāraṃ vinetvā pabbājesi. Tassa pabbajjāvidhānañca iddhipāṭihāriyakaraṇañca sabbaṃ nadīkassapassa apadānaṭṭhakathāyaṃ āvi bhavissati. Tassa pabbajitabhāvaṃ sutvā itarepi dve bhātaro saparisā āgantvā satthu santike pabbajiṃsu. Sabbeva te iddhimayapattacīvaradharā ehibhikkhukā ahesuṃ. Satthā taṃ samaṇasahassaṃ ādāya gayāsīsaṃ gantvā piṭṭhipāsāṇe nisinno ādittapariyāyadesanāya (mahāva. 54) te sabbe arahatte patiṭṭhāpesi.
第八因缘文载名波突摩多罗尊者,为乌鲁维耶罗迦萨巴长老所作传记。此尊者在古佛世时即有殊胜业果,多次积集福报,终老于世尊果德玛住世之时,闻法得道,见证并辅佐世尊。后来他陨入涅槃,为五十余重才华卓越的阿拉汉之一,诸弟子亦成就阿拉汉,三位贤弟同出巴拉纳西婆罗门家族,以“迦萨巴”为氏名。三人老者、中生、少者皆成长,且各自观照自身修持之要点,纷纷求出家。老者随其教外众往乌鲁维耶罗迦萨巴受沙弥戒,名为乌鲁维耶罗迦萨巴。中生者于恒河边受戒,名恒河迦萨巴。幼者于迦耶山峰受戒,名为迦耶迦萨巴。三人均从乌如耶罗仙人处求出家,历经多日修习。终至我师高大法王,降伏一切无明与疑惑,转其转法轮,于五传长老群体确立迦萨巴为尊者,师问其侍者,用五十年尔身体力行法义,随侍六十阿拉汉,曾广游诸天人间,教化有情。后居住乌鲁维耶罗迦萨巴之舍,受齐缠净屋配备,与敌众争辩相斗之厉害非常,终成就出家者之威仪。此出家仪轨及神通威力,详见恒河迦萨巴传记注疏。闻其出家报,应时另有二贤弟等至师前出家。诸出家人皆着神通袈裟,尊师携千僧往迦耶山,坐于彼处岩壁,宣说入灭之义。众尊者皆成阿拉汉,终老成就涅槃。
§251
251. So evaṃ arahattaṃ patvā somanassajāto attano pubbacaritāpadānaṃ pakāsento padumuttaro nāma jinotiādimāha. Anuttānapadameva vaṇṇayissāma.
251. 他以此证悟阿拉汉果,心生欢喜,昭示其前世所行功德,名曰波突摩多罗尊者说此胜义道。必将总结其至高无上的修行境界。
§268
268.Soca sabbaṃ tamaṃ hantvāti so phusso bhagavā rāgadosamohādikilesandhakāraṃ viddhaṃsetvā. Vijaṭetvā mahājaṭanti taṇhāmānādīhi diyaḍḍhasahassehi kilesagaṇehi mahābyākulaṃ jaṭaṃ vijaṭetvā padāletvā phāletvāti attho. Sadevakaṃ devalokasahitaṃ sakalaṃ lokasannivāsaṃtappayanto santappayanto pīṇento amataṃ vuṭṭhiṃ mahānibbānavuṭṭhidhāraṃ vassate paggharāpetīti yojanā.
268. 世尊愤怒地斥责邪恶烦恼如贪欲、嗔恚、迷痴等,剥除剃除缠绕,如切断漫延根须般消灭多达一千五百余之烦恼,于天界众神及人间令其宽心安乐,揭示不生不灭之涅槃实相,乃维持涅槃庄严之道场规模宏大。
§269
269.Tadā hi bārāṇasiyanti ‘‘bārasa manussā’’tiādīsu viya bārasa dvādasarāsī hutvā purā, himavantato isayo ca paccekamunisaṅkhātā isayo ca gandhamādanato ākāsenāgantvā ettha gacchanti otaranti pavisantīti bārāṇasī, atha vā sammāsambuddhasaṅkhātānaṃ anekasatasahassānaṃ dhammacakkapavattanatthāya otaraṭṭhānaṃ nagaraṃ liṅgavipallāsaṃ katvā itthiliṅgavasena bārāṇasīti vuccati, tissaṃ bārāṇasiyaṃ.
269. 当时巴拉纳西居民称彼城为“巴拉萨诸人城”,其住民达十二座市集。昔日来自于喜马拉雅山的诸侯以及各森林隐修的独觉道人,一同从空中降临此城,往来进出。巴拉纳西因此被名为巴拉萨之城。后来众多正觉如来法轮初转者,聚集于此设立传法之地,因故形成异名。
§273
273.Nikkhittasatthaṃpaccantanti chaḍḍitasatthaṃ pātitaāvudhaṃ paccantajanapadaṃ nibbisevanaṃ katvā punarupaccatanti punarapi taṃ nagaraṃ upecca upagamma sampattāti attho. Sesaṃ suviññeyyamevāti.
273.『离开原地』意谓背离原先之地,『放弃原地』指弃置先地,『倒塌武器之地』说的是陷入混乱之地,『背离原民众』乃指离弃旧有众生所依处,『荒废』即放弃而废止,『重新进入』则是再次前往该城市并到达成功。此处意义即如此。这些事显然应当被清楚理解。
Uruvelakassapattheraapadānavaṇṇanā samattā. · 伍儒韦喇咖萨巴长老譬喻释注完毕。
9. Rādhattheraapadānavaṇṇanā9. 拉达长老譬喻释注
§296
296. Navamāpadāne padumuttaro nāma jinotiādikaṃ āyasmato rādhattherassa apadānaṃ. Taṃ sabbaṃ pāṭhānusārena nayānucintanena viññūhi suviññeyyameva. Kevalaṃ puññanānattamevāti.
296.《新谱阿巴达尼经》中记载一位名为『莲尊者』的比库长老的传记。全篇理应由明智者依顺经文脉络,逐句思惟解读,方可洞察其全义。其中仅关于善业之无上特性,尤为清晰显露。
Rādhattheraapadānavaṇṇanā samattā. · 拉达长老譬喻的注释完毕。
Dasamaṃ mogharājattheraapadānaṃ suviññeyyamevāti. · 第十《莫伽罗阇长老譬喻》甚易明了。
Catupaññāsamavaggavaṇṇanā samattā. · 第五十四品的注释完毕。