Apadāna-aṭṭhakathā
Namo tassa bhagavato arahato sammāsambuddhassa · 礼敬彼世尊、阿拉汉、正自觉者
Khuddakanikāye · 小部中
Apadāna-aṭṭhakathā · 《譬喻》注释
(Paṭhamo bhāgo)
(第一分部)
Ganthārambhakathā
论著撰述缘起
Vanditvā sirasā seṭṭhaṃ, buddhamappaṭipuggalaṃ;
顶礼至高无上的佛,成就庄严的觉者;
Ñeyyasāgaramuttiṇṇaṃ, tiṇṇaṃ saṃsārasāgaraṃ.
超越应当被尊重者的汪洋,渡脱轮回苦海的彼岸。
Tatheva paramaṃ santaṃ, gambhīraṃ duddasaṃ aṇuṃ;
同样,至高无上的安隐者,深妙难见微妙法;
Bhavābhavakaraṃ suddhaṃ, dhammaṃ sambuddhapūjitaṃ.
超越生死有无净净法,诸佛所敬的正法。
Tatheva anaghaṃ saṅghaṃ, asaṅgaṃ saṅghamuttamaṃ;
同样无垢的僧团,为断尽束缚的众僧之最上。
Uttamaṃ dakkhiṇeyyānaṃ, santindriyamanāsavaṃ.
为当受供养者中最高等,安稳感官无染污者。
Katena tassa etassa, paṇāmena visesato;
由其经过的行为,特别是戒律所成,就此特别赞叹。
Ratanattaye visesena, visesassādarena me.
以宝为例特别,因其殊胜特敬。
Therehi dhīradhīrehi, āgamaññūhi viññubhi;
由长老中坚忍者,精通经典通达者们深解,
‘‘Apadānaṭṭhakathā bhante, kātabbā’’ti visesato.
‘《经藏注疏》应当作,此意明确’,特此说明。
Punappunādareneva, yācitohaṃ yasassibhi;
多次反复地请求,就如向名誉显赫者所求;
Tasmāhaṃ sāpadānassa, apadānassasesato.
因此我从收受赠与者那里,谦敬地恭请了法,
Visesanayadīpassa, dīpissaṃ piṭakattaye;
作为法规经典的显著光明之灯,
Yathā pāḷinayeneva, atthasaṃvaṇṇanaṃ subhaṃ.
如同巴利语者所述,精彩的义理说解。
Kena kattha kadā cetaṃ, bhāsitaṃ dhammamuttamaṃ;
此至高无上的法,究竟由何人、何处、何时而说?
Kimatthaṃ bhāsitañcetaṃ, etaṃ vatvā vidhiṃ tato.
此法的说出目的为何?说完之后该如何奉行?
Nidānesu kosallatthaṃ, sukhuggahaṇadhāraṇaṃ;
在缘起的要旨上,为了能够把握幸福的法门,
Tasmā taṃ taṃ vidhiṃ vatvā, pubbāparavisesitaṃ.
故此宣说此种法则,依次前后别解其义。
Purā sīhaḷabhāsāya, porāṇaṭṭhakathāya ca;
早先巴利语本及古老注疏,
Ṭhapitaṃ taṃ na sādheti, sādhūnaṃ icchiticchitaṃ.
所立之说,未必圆满,难以如意于圣者所欲。
Tasmā tamupanissāya, porāṇaṭṭhakathānayaṃ;
因此依此为凭,古注疏者,
Vivajjetvā viruddhatthaṃ, visesatthaṃ pakāsayaṃ;
当弃违背义理之说,而显扬别解微义。
Visesavaṇṇanaṃ seṭṭhaṃ, karissāmatthavaṇṇananti.
「特别阐述」者,最上之义解释也。
Nidānakathā因缘说
‘‘Kenakattha kadā cetaṃ, bhāsitaṃ dhammamuttama’’nti ca, ‘‘karissāmatthavaṇṇana’’nti ca paṭiññātattā sā panāyaṃ apadānassatthavaṇṇanā dūrenidānaṃ, avidūrenidānaṃ, santikenidānanti imāni tīṇi nidānāni dassetvā vaṇṇiyamānā ye naṃ suṇanti, tehi samudāgamato paṭṭhāya viññātattā yasmā suṭṭhu viññātā nāma hoti, tasmā naṃ tāni nidānāni dassetvāva vaṇṇayissāma.
『何故何时此最高法得以宣说』与『称为意义阐述』二者,本属于别解义之阐述,有远因、有不远因、及近因三种起因。显示此三因后加以阐述,凡不闻此因者,彼虽发心学习,然由于不具足对缘起之充分认识,故即便宣说良知之法,亦不逮通达,此故暂不示之。
Tattha ādito tāva tesaṃ nidānānaṃ paricchedo veditabbo. Dīpaṅkarapādamūlasmiñhi katābhinīhārassa mahāsattassa yāva vessantarattabhāvā cavitvā tusitapure nibbatti, tāva pavatto kathāmaggo dūrenidānaṃ nāma. Tusitabhavanato pana cavitvā yāva bodhimaṇḍe sabbaññutappatti, tāva pavatto kathāmaggo avidūrenidānaṃ nāma. Santikenidānaṃ pana tesu tesu ṭhānesu viharato tasmiṃ tasmiṃyeva ṭhāne labbhatīti.
此中应先知三因之分类。始于顶端,即由地灯菩萨根基慈力成就,历经有情轮转,离开世界至兜率天界,谓之远因说。由兜率天出,入菩提场,得无上智慧,谓之不远因说。近因则谓菩提场中因所处之不同境地而有不同成就。
1. Dūrenidānakathā
一、远因说法
Tatridaṃ dūrenidānaṃ nāma – ito kira kappasatasahassādhikānaṃ catunnaṃ asaṅkhyeyyānaṃ matthake amaravatī nāma nagaraṃ ahosi. Tattha sumedho nāma brāhmaṇo paṭivasati, ubhato sujāto mātito ca pitito ca, saṃsuddhagahaṇiko yāva sattamā kulaparivaṭṭā, akkhitto anupakuṭṭho jātivādena, abhirūpo dassanīyo pāsādiko paramāya vaṇṇapokkharatāya samannāgato. So aññaṃ kammaṃ akatvā brāhmaṇasippameva uggaṇhi. Tassa daharakāleyeva mātāpitaro kālamakaṃsu. Athassa rāsivaḍḍhako amacco āyapotthakaṃ āharitvā suvaṇṇarajatamaṇimuttādibharite gabbhe vivaritvā ‘‘ettakaṃ te, kumāra, mātu santakaṃ, ettakaṃ pitu santakaṃ, ettakaṃ ayyakapayyakāna’’nti yāva sattamā kulaparivaṭṭā dhanaṃ ācikkhitvā ‘‘etaṃ paṭipajjāhī’’ti āha. Sumedhapaṇḍito cintesi – ‘‘imaṃ dhanaṃ saṃharitvā mayhaṃ pitupitāmahādayo paralokaṃ gacchantā ekakahāpaṇampi gahetvā na gatā, mayā pana gahetvā gamanakāraṇaṃ kātuṃ vaṭṭatī’’ti, so rañño ārocetvā nagare bheriṃ carāpetvā mahājanassa dānaṃ datvā tāpasapabbajjaṃ pabbaji. Imassa panatthassa āvibhāvatthaṃ imasmiṃ ṭhāne sumedhakathā kathetabbā . Sā panesā kiñcāpi buddhavaṃse nirantaraṃ āgatāyeva, gāthābandhena pana āgatattā na suṭṭhu pākaṭā, tasmā taṃ antarantarā gāthāsambandhadīpakehi vacanehi saddhiṃ kathessāma.
所谓远因,是指从一万多劫之前,有一座名叫无量城的大城。城中有一位婆罗门,名为智慧,父母贤淑,出身纯正家族。此人品貌端庄,形容俊伟,才德兼备,雅观可亲,真乃佳苗。其未作他业,全归婆罗门世家。幼年时父母身故,家境骤贫。后奶奶感激积善,从藏金银宝物重重下胎怀抱中呵护,于成长七代祖先留下的家族财富为誓,劝其发愿:“吾儿,应依此财富,以建立修行之业。”智慧长者思维:“此财富收拾妥当,父祖皆已仙逝,我若带一文钱而不往,他人便会夺之。我若得此财,才有出行之资。”遂奏闻王,王下令鼓振于城,广施财物大众。因是礼敬慷慨,智慧舍家出家。此段缘由即远因说。智慧事迹应当讲说。其故事相关,不断地与佛史相应,但诗句未明,故当用诗语串连,依次叙述。
Sumedhakathā善慧说
Kappasatasahassādhikānañhi catunnaṃ asaṅkhyeyyānaṃ matthake dasahi saddehi avivittaṃ ‘‘amaravatī’’ti ca ‘‘amara’’nti ca laddhanāmaṃ nagaraṃ ahosi, yaṃ sandhāya buddhavaṃse vuttaṃ –
距今诸多万劫之前,无量多劫积累,时有一城,名曰无量城。又称无死城。此城因缘,出于佛史所载——
‘‘Kappe ca satasahasse, caturo ca asaṅkhiye;
「百千万劫,加之无量无数,
Amaraṃ nāma nagaraṃ, dassaneyyaṃ manoramaṃ;
名为不死城,宜观悦目,
Dasahi saddehi avivittaṃ, annapānasamāyuta’’nti. (bu. vaṃ. 2.1-2);
以十种声音韵律清晰,伴以饮食。」(《补注》卷二第1-2节)
Tattha dasahi saddehi avivittanti hatthisaddena assasaddena rathasaddena bherisaddena mudiṅgasaddena vīṇāsaddena gītasaddena saṅkhasaddena sammasaddena tāḷasaddena ‘‘asnātha pivatha khādathā’’ti dasamena saddenāti imehi dasahi saddehi avivittaṃ ahosi. Tesaṃ pana saddānaṃ ekadesameva gahetvā –
此中所谓十种声音韵律清晰者,即象声、牛喘声、车轮声、鼓声、鼗声、琴声、歌声、磬声、拍掌声,以十种声音清楚表达『吃饭,喝水,食饮』,由此称为十种声音。取其十一种声音之一曰——
‘‘Hatthisaddaṃ assasaddaṃ, bherisaṅkharathāni ca;
「象声、牛喘声、鼓与车轮,
Khādatha pivatha ceva, annapānena ghosita’’nti. –
吃饭喝水等,乃以饮食之声响」也。
Buddhavaṃse (bu. vaṃ. 2.3-5) imaṃ gāthaṃ vatvā –
在《佛种姓》(佛种姓 2.3-5)中说此偈颂之后——
‘‘Nagaraṃ sabbaṅgasampannaṃ, sabbakammamupāgataṃ;
『城邑一切具足圆满,诸业尽皆如愿成就;
Sattaratanasampannaṃ, nānājanasamākulaṃ;
具备七宝悉皆周备,人众繁杂聚集熙攘;
Samiddhaṃ devanagaraṃva, āvāsaṃ puññakamminaṃ.
炽盛辉煌如天界城,乃是善业所感所著之所。』
‘‘Nagare amaravatiyā, sumedho nāma brāhmaṇo;
『此城名为阿摩罗伐底,有一婆罗门名苏默多;
Anekakoṭisannicayo, pahūtadhanadhaññavā.
其财富众多如千万亿之积聚,极富饶且财粮充盈。』
‘‘Ajjhāyako mantadharo, tiṇṇaṃ vedāna pāragū;
“教师、思维持者,是断除三种苦受的。”
Lakkhaṇe itihāse ca, sadhamme pāramiṃ gato’’ti. – vuttaṃ;
“在相、历史中,已至于善法的究竟果地。”——这是所说的;
Athekadivasaṃ so sumedhapaṇḍito uparipāsādavaratale rahogato hutvā pallaṅkaṃ ābhujitvā nisinno evaṃ cintesi – ‘‘punabbhave, paṇḍita, paṭisandhiggahaṇaṃ nāma dukkhaṃ, tathā nibbattanibbattaṭṭhāne sarīrassa bhedanaṃ, ahañca jātidhammo, jarādhammo, byādhidhammo, maraṇadhammo, evaṃbhūtena mayā ajātiṃ ajaraṃ abyādhiṃ amaraṇaṃ adukkhaṃ sukhaṃ sītalaṃ amatamahānibbānaṃ pariyesituṃ vaṭṭati. Avassaṃ bhavato muccitvā nibbānagāminā ekena maggena bhavitabba’’nti. Tena vuttaṃ –
某一日,智慧深明的苏摩提长老,隐居于上殿底下,坐在床榻上,如是思惟:‘重生者啊,贤者,重生接续为苦,且在轮转的停止地,身躯必然解散;我乃生之法,是老之法、病之法、死之法。由此诸法,我当追求无生者、无老、无病、无死、无苦、无乐、清凉、至尊涅槃。汝当断除轮回,步入涅槃路,依一道而行。”对他说了这话——
‘‘Rahogato nisīditvā, evaṃ cintesahaṃ tadā;
“隐居静坐时,我当如是思惟:
Dukkho punabbhavo nāma, sarīrassa ca bhedanaṃ.
‘苦即是重生,且身躯必解散。
‘‘Jātidhammo jarādhammo, byādhidhammo sahaṃ tadā;
‘生法是老法,是病法,与之俱在。’”
Ajaraṃ amaraṃ khemaṃ, pariyesissāmi nibbutiṃ.
我当寻求无老、无死、安稳、涅槃之境。
‘‘Yaṃnūnimaṃ pūtikāyaṃ, nānākuṇapapūritaṃ;
『这一切污秽之物,充满种种污秽,
Chaḍḍayitvāna gaccheyyaṃ, anapekkho anatthiko.
舍弃后应当离去,不应期待其利益。』
‘‘Atthi hehiti so maggo, na so sakkā na hetuye;
『此道是有因缘之道,非无因缘,
Pariyesissāmi taṃ maggaṃ, bhavato parimuttiyā’’ti.
我当寻求此道,即世尊所证的解脱。』
Tato uttaripi evaṃ cintesi – ‘‘yathā hi loke dukkhassa paṭipakkhabhūtaṃ sukhaṃ nāma atthi, evaṃ bhave sati tappaṭipakkhena vibhavenāpi bhavitabbaṃ. Yathā ca uṇhe sati tassa vūpasamabhūtaṃ sītalampi atthi, evaṃ rāgaggiādīnaṃ vūpasamena nibbānenāpi bhavitabbaṃ. Yathā nāma pāpassa lāmakassa dhammassa paṭipakkhabhūto kalyāṇo anavajjabhūto dhammopi atthiyeva, evameva pāpikāya jātiyā sati sabbajātikhepanato ajātisaṅkhātena nibbānenāpi bhavitabbamevā’’ti. Tena vuttaṃ –
然后心中亦思惟:『世间苦难若有对治之乐,因其存在故,应当以苦之对治而实行之。若饥渴时有凉爽宁静,如是对贪欲等之灭除亦应有宁静之涅槃。又恶者所呈之法,反与善良无垢之法相对,如是恶者之生起应以断绝生死之涅槃为对治。』因此删除者说:
‘‘Yathāpi dukkhe vijjante, sukhaṃ nāmapi vijjati;
如同苦痛显现时,快乐反而不存在;
Evaṃ bhave vijjamāne, vibhavopicchitabbako.
同样,在有漏存在的情况下,烦恼应当被根除。
‘‘Yathāpi uṇhe vijjante, aparaṃ vijjati sītalaṃ;
如同在炎热时知晓有冷凉存在;
Evaṃ tividhaggi vijjante, nibbānampicchitabbakaṃ.
同样,知晓三种觉慧存在时,应当根除涅槃。
‘‘Yathāpi pāpe vijjante, kalyāṇamapi vijjati;
如同恶行显现时,善行反而存在;
Evameva jāti vijjante, ajātipicchitabbaka’’nti.
同理,知道生死存在时,应当根除无生。」
Aparampi cintesi – ‘‘yathā nāma gūtharāsimhi nimuggena purisena dūratova pañcavaṇṇapadumasañchannaṃ mahātaḷākaṃ disvā ‘katarena nu kho maggena ettha gantabba’nti taṃ taḷākaṃ gavesituṃ yuttaṃ. Yaṃ tassa agavesanaṃ, na so taḷākassa doso, purisasseva doso. Evaṃ kilesamaladhovane amatamahānibbānataḷāke vijjante yaṃ tassa agavesanaṃ, na so amatamahānibbānataḷākassa doso, purisasseva doso. Yathā ca corehi samparivārito puriso palāyanamagge vijjamānepi sace na palāyati, na so maggassa doso, purisasseva doso. Evameva kilesehi parivāretvā gahitassa purisassa vijjamāneyeva nibbānagāmimhi sive magge maggassa agavesanaṃ nāma na maggassa doso, purisasseva doso. Yathā ca byādhipīḷito puriso vijjamāne byādhitikicchake vejje sace taṃ vejjaṃ gavesitvā byādhiṃ na tikicchāpeti, na so vejjassa doso, purisasseva doso. Evameva yo kilesabyādhipīḷito kilesavūpasamamaggakovidaṃ vijjamānameva ācariyaṃ na gavesati, tasseva doso, na kilesavināsakassa ācariyassa doso’’ti. Tena vuttaṃ –
又复思惟——『譬如男子潜入密林深处,远远见五色绽放如莲花的大池塘,便生疑问:从何路而入此处宜也?欲探寻彼池塘所当为正道。若彼未探,非池塘之过,是男子自身之过。若暗蔽烦恼之林中有不朽涅槃大池塘,彼未探,非涅槃大池塘之过,是男子自身之过。又如被盗贼围困之人,即使知晓逃生路,若不逃避,非逃生路之过,是男子自身之过。譬如被烦恼环绕伤害者,即使明了通向涅槃之道,若不探寻正道,并非正道之过,乃是男子自身之过。又譬如患病之人,即知医师所在,若不请医师治病,非医师之过,是病人自身之过。以上所说,即:被烦恼折磨之人,即使知晓断烦恼之道而不寻求老师,那过非断烦恼之教师之过,乃是烦恼缠身之人自身之过。由此说也——
‘‘Yathā gūthagato puriso, taḷākaṃ disvāna pūritaṃ;
「譬如潜入密林之人,见池塘满盈;
Na gavesati taṃ taḷākaṃ, na doso taḷākassa so.
不探彼池塘,非池塘之过也。」
‘‘Evaṃ kilesamaladhove, vijjante amatantaḷe;
「如是烦恼大林中,知涅槃大池;
Na gavesati taṃ taḷākaṃ, na doso amatantaḷe.
不探彼池塘,非涅槃大池之过也。」
‘‘Yathā arīhi pariruddho, vijjante gamanampathe;
「譬如被盗贼围困,知逃路所在;
Na palāyati so puriso, na doso añjasassa so.
此人无所逃避,亦无过错可归于他。
‘‘Evaṃ kilesapariruddho, vijjamāne sive pathe;
『如是,其被烦恼所束缚,陷于恶道之时;','73':'彼不寻求那出离之道,亦无过错掌握恶道。','74':'譬如病人,为医生所诊治;','75':'病虽存在,医生不令其加重疾患,医生亦无过失。','76':'如是,众烦恼疾病,虽令此人受苦交加;
Na gavesati taṃ maggaṃ, na doso sivamañjase.
不寻求彼道,过失不在引导解脱之道。
‘‘Yathāpi byādhito puriso, vijjamāne tikicchake;
「譬如一患病之人,虽有医者在场;」
Na tikicchāpeti taṃ byādhiṃ, na doso so tikicchake.
「不令治其病,过失不在于医者。」
‘‘Evaṃ kilesabyādhīhi, dukkhito paripīḷito;
「如是,为烦恼之病所苦、所逼恼;」
Na gavesati taṃ ācariyaṃ, na doso so vināyake’’ti.
此处意谓『此师未曾被探求,亦无谓戒律生怨恨』。
Aparampi cintesi – ‘‘yathā maṇḍanakajātiko puriso kaṇṭhe āsattaṃ kuṇapaṃ chaḍḍetvā sukhaṃ gaccheyya, evaṃ mayāpi imaṃ pūtikāyaṃ chaḍḍetvā anapekkhena nibbānanagaraṃ pavisitabbaṃ. Yathā ca naranāriyo ukkārabhūmiyaṃ uccārapassāvaṃ katvā na taṃ ucchaṅgena vā ādāya, dussantena vā veṭhetvā gacchanti, jigucchamānā pana anapekkhāva, chaḍḍetvā gacchanti, evaṃ mayāpi imaṃ pūtikāyaṃ anapekkhena chaḍḍetvā amatanibbānanagaraṃ pavisituṃ vaṭṭati. Yathā ca nāvikā nāma jajjaraṃ nāvaṃ anapekkhāva chaḍḍetvā gacchanti, evaṃ ahampi imaṃ navahi vaṇamukhehi paggharantaṃ kāyaṃ chaḍḍetvā anapekkho nibbānapuraṃ pavisissāmi. Yathā ca puriso nānāratanāni ādāya corehi saddhiṃ maggaṃ gacchanto attano ratananāsabhayena te chaḍḍetvā khemaṃ maggaṃ gaṇhāti, evaṃ ayampi karajakāyo ratanavilopakacorasadiso. Sacāhaṃ ettha taṇhaṃ karissāmi, ariyamaggakusaladhammaratanaṃ me nassissati, tasmā mayā imaṃ corasadisaṃ kāyaṃ chaḍḍetvā amatamahānibbānanagaraṃ pavisituṃ vaṭṭatī’’ti. Tena vuttaṃ –
又复思维——「犹如恶瘴之人,身披穿刺肿胀,舍弃沉重负累而安适前行,我亦当舍弃此污浊之躯,不起惋惜而入无陷无垢的涅槃城。又如人男女,曾于园圃之地清净吐痰,但不携带污秽之物,亦不强取,彼等躲避恶臭离去,心生厌恶然不留恋,弃去而行,我亦当不顾此肮脏之躯,舍离而得不灭涅槃之境。又如船夫弃老旧破船而行,我亦当舍弃此沉重躯体,毫无挂碍进入涅槃之原。又如人携诸宝物,同行盗贼之路,心无所惧及时舍弃彼盗贼,安然取自己珍宝之路,我亦如是,此罪恶之躯如盗贼舍去,理应进入不死涅槃之城。于是言说——」
‘‘Yathāpi kuṇapaṃ puriso, kaṇṭhe baddhaṃ jigucchiya;
「犹如身缚沉重患病刺疮之人,生憎厌而苦恼;
Mocayitvāna gaccheyya, sukhī serī sayaṃvasī.
解脱缠绕前行,身心安适自在自居。
‘‘Tathevimaṃ pūtikāyaṃ, nānākuṇapasañcayaṃ;
「如是我此污浊的身体,聚集诸多痛苦病患,
Chaḍḍayitvāna gaccheyyaṃ, anapekkho anatthiko.
一旦舍弃不再执著,超脱苦痛获益无亏。」
‘‘Yathā uccāraṭṭhānamhi, karīsaṃ naranāriyo;
「正如人男女在出口处所作之事,
Chaḍḍayitvāna gacchanti, anapekkhā anatthikā.
他们舍弃之后即前行,不加留恋亦非有益,」
‘‘Evamevāhaṃ imaṃ kāyaṃ, nānākuṇapapūritaṃ;
「我亦如是,对于此一身躯,满布种种病痛,
Chaḍḍayitvāna gacchissaṃ, vaccaṃ katvā yathā kuṭiṃ.
舍弃后将前行,如同搭建简陋草舍一般。」
‘‘Yathāpi jajjaraṃ nāvaṃ, paluggaṃ udagāhiniṃ;
「正如破损老旧之舟,漂浮于水中,
Sāmī chaḍḍetvā gacchanti, anapekkhā anatthikā.
主人弃舟而去,毫无顾念亦非有利。」
‘‘Evamevāhaṃ imaṃ kāyaṃ, navacchiddaṃ dhuvassavaṃ;
『如是我今自说,此身如新脱落不坏之物,长久流溢无间断;』
Chaḍḍayitvāna gacchissaṃ, jiṇṇanāvaṃva sāmikā.
『舍弃之后,我必前行,如同年老破船被舍弃一般。』
‘‘Yathāpi puriso corehi, gacchanto bhaṇḍamādiya;
『犹如盗贼之人,携取财物等物行去;』
Bhaṇḍacchedabhayaṃ disvā, chaḍḍayitvāna gacchati.
『见到被截断财物之危险,遂舍弃而去。』
‘‘Evameva ayaṃ kāyo, mahācorasamo viya;
『此身亦复如是,宛若大盗之类;』
Pahāyimaṃ gamissāmi, kusalacchedanā bhayā’’ti.
『我将舍弃此身,害怕恶断舍弃其余福田。』
Evaṃ sumedhapaṇḍito nānāvidhāhi upamāhi imaṃ nekkhammūpasaṃhitaṃ atthaṃ cintetvā sakanivesane aparimitabhogakkhandhaṃ heṭṭhā vuttanayena kapaṇaddhikādīnaṃ vissajjetvā mahādānaṃ datvā vatthukāme ca kilesakāme ca pahāya amaranagarato nikkhamitvā ekakova himavante dhammikaṃ nāma pabbataṃ nissāya assamaṃ katvā tattha paṇṇasālañca caṅkamañca māpetvā pañcahi nīvaraṇadosehi vajjitaṃ ‘‘evaṃ samāhite citte’’tiādinā nayena vuttehi aṭṭhahi kāraṇaguṇehi samupetaṃ abhiññāsaṅkhātaṃ balaṃ āharituṃ tasmiṃ assamapade navadosasamannāgataṃ sāṭakaṃ pajahitvā, dvādasaguṇasamannāgataṃ vākacīraṃ nivāsetvā, isipabbajjaṃ pabbaji. Evaṃ pabbajito aṭṭhadosasamākiṇṇaṃ taṃ paṇṇasālaṃ pahāya dasaguṇasamannāgataṃ rukkhamūlaṃ upagantvā sabbaṃ dhaññavikatiṃ pahāya pavattaphalabhojano hutvā nisajjaṭṭhānacaṅkamanavaseneva padhānaṃ padahanto sattāhabbhantareyeva aṭṭhannaṃ samāpattīnaṃ pañcannañca abhiññānaṃ lābhī ahosi. Evaṃ taṃ yathāpatthitaṃ abhiññābalaṃ pāpuṇi. Tena vuttaṃ –
如是,聪慧贤明者苏摩提,运用多种比喻,思惟此出离聚集的义理,离弃世间无量的享乐之堆,在同住处以低贱言语斥弃贪婪如蠹虫等,并施以重施,舍弃衣欲及烦恼欲,从未死城出发,只身独往喜马拉雅山中,依止名为法山的圣地,安住其处,建有五十座禅堂及步行道,断除了五盖杂染,心专注而安稳。以此专注状态及诸因缘八法为引导,具足超凡通力,收摄诸神通之力,。于该圣地,断除九重恶习,抛弃九十袋险恶杂染,安置十二倍长者语,受具足出家戒而出家。如此出家者,断除八十恶习,舍弃此五十禅堂,前往十倍具足之树根下,尽舍一切粮食杂染,受食有实果者,安坐其处,步行轻安,约七周日中,获成八种禅及五种超凡通,得成就如是证力。如此,得以完全证得出世间之通力。世尊如是说──
‘‘Evāhaṃ cintayitvāna, nekakoṭisataṃ dhanaṃ;
我曾思惟:
Nāthānāthānaṃ datvāna, himavantamupāgamiṃ.
“我舍无上无数千万财富,献于无依无怙者,前往喜马拉雅山。
‘‘Himavantassāvidūre, dhammiko nāma pabbato;
喜马拉雅山遥远幽僻,名为法山;
Assamo sukato mayhaṃ, paṇṇasālā sumāpitā.
那个法山令我安乐,禅堂安置齐备。
‘‘Caṅkamaṃ tattha māpesiṃ, pañcadosavivajjitaṃ;
在那里我行走轻安,五盖之染均已断除;
Aṭṭhaguṇasamupetaṃ, abhiññābalamāhariṃ.
具足八种功德,具备神通力量。
‘‘Sāṭakaṃ pajahiṃ tattha, navadosamupāgataṃ;
放弃六十四种烦恼,达到九新(新净烦恼)所得;
Vākacīraṃ nivāsesiṃ, dvādasaguṇamupāgataṃ.
居于说法(言语)净洁境界,具备十二种功德。
‘‘Aṭṭhadosasamākiṇṇaṃ, pajahiṃ paṇṇasālakaṃ;
去除八种恶习,断绝五十五种失误;
Upāgamiṃ rukkhamūlaṃ, guṇe dasahupāgataṃ.
亲近树根,修习十种功德。
‘‘Vāpitaṃ ropitaṃ dhaññaṃ, pajahiṃ niravasesato;
灌溉栽种的稻谷,断绝杂染之物。
Anekaguṇasampannaṃ, pavattaphalamādiyiṃ.
具足无数功德,行见其果报为第一。
‘‘Tatthappadhānaṃ padahiṃ, nisajjaṭṭhānacaṅkame;
「于彼定意专注,端坐不动,步行无移;
Abbhantaramhi sattāhe, abhiññābala pāpuṇi’’nti.
七年之间,获得了神通力。」如是法说。
Tattha ‘‘assamo sukato mayhaṃ, paṇṇasālā sumāpitā’’ti imāya pana pāḷiyā sumedhapaṇḍitena assamapaṇṇasālacaṅkamā sahatthā māpitā viya vuttā. Ayaṃ panettha attho – mahāsattañhi ‘‘himavantaṃ ajjhogāhetvā ajja dhammikapabbataṃ pavisissatī’’ti disvā sakko vissakammadevaputtaṃ āmantesi – ‘‘tāta, ayaṃ sumedhapaṇḍito ‘pabbajissāmī’ti nikkhanto, etassa vasanaṭṭhānaṃ māpehī’’ti. So tassa vacanaṃ sampaṭicchitvā ramaṇīyaṃ assamaṃ, suguttaṃ paṇṇasālaṃ, manoramaṃ caṅkamañca māpesi. Bhagavā pana tadā attano puññānubhāvena nipphannaṃ taṃ assamapadaṃ sandhāya ‘‘sāriputta, tasmiṃ dhammikapabbate –
此处『assamo sukato mayhaṃ, paṇṇasālā sumāpitā』乃巴利语,意为『我在阿萨摩,安适喜乐,书院清净』。此语由巴利学识深厚的须摩他长老(Sumedha Paṇḍita)亲口述说,仿佛亲临这阿萨摩书院,感其优美。其意是——于重大众中,有宣说『今日将攀登雪山,进入法之圣地』之人。萨咖天帝曾谆谆教导其子曰:「儿啊,当这须摩他长老决定出家时,应测量并选择他居住之处。」天子遵命测量了理想宜居的阿萨摩书院和美丽步行的路径。世尊当时以自己的善果所感现的光辉,观照此美妙的阿萨摩境地,称赞曰:「沙利子,他于此法之圣山:
‘‘Assamo sukato mayhaṃ, paṇṇasālā sumāpitā;
『阿萨摩境地令我安适喜乐,书院清静纯洁;
Caṅkamaṃ tattha māpesiṃ, pañcadosavivajjita’’’nti. –
我已测量其路径,此路径无五毒之染』。」如是尊说。
Āha. Tattha sukato mayhanti suṭṭhu kato mayā. Paṇṇasālā sumāpitāti paṇṇacchadanasālāpi me sumāpitā ahosi.
他说:『在这里,我过得安适,我所修持的也善巧。所谓有顶的凉亭,我确实修持得好。』
Pañcadosavivajjitanti pañcime caṅkamadosā nāma thaddhavisamatā, antorukkhatā, gahanacchannatā , atisambādhatā, ativisālatāti. Thaddhavisamabhūmibhāgasmiñhi caṅkame caṅkamantassa pādā rujjanti, phoṭā uṭṭhahanti, cittaṃ ekaggataṃ na labhati, kammaṭṭhānaṃ vipajjati. Mudusamatale pana phāsuvihāraṃ āgamma kammaṭṭhānaṃ sampajjati. Tasmā thaddhavisamabhūmibhāgatā eko dosoti veditabbo. Caṅkamassa anto vā majjhe vā koṭiyaṃ vā rukkhe sati pamādamāgamma caṅkamantassa nalāṭaṃ vā sīsaṃ vā paṭihaññatīti antorukkhatā dutiyo doso. Tiṇalatādigahanacchanne caṅkame caṅkamanto andhakāravelāyaṃ uragādike pāṇe akkamitvā vā māreti, tehi vā daṭṭho dukkhaṃ āpajjatīti gahanacchannatā tatiyo doso. Atisambādhe caṅkame vitthārato ratanike vā aḍḍharatanike vā caṅkamantassa paricchede pakkhalitvā nakhāpi aṅguliyopi bhijjantīti atisambādhatā catuttho doso. Ativisāle caṅkame caṅkamantassa cittaṃ vidhāvati, ekaggataṃ na labhatīti ativisālatā pañcamo doso. Puthulato pana diyaḍḍharatanaṃ dvīsu passesu ratanamattaṃ anucaṅkamaṃ dīghato saṭṭhihatthaṃ mudutalaṃ samavippakiṇṇavālukaṃ caṅkamaṃ vaṭṭati cetiyagirimhi dīpappasādakamahāmahindattherassa caṅkamaṃ viya, tādisaṃ taṃ ahosi. Tenāha – ‘‘caṅkamaṃ tattha māpesiṃ, pañcadosavivajjita’’nti.
所谓五种粗糙缺陷者,指五种行走时的缺点,名为支撑不均、内向弯曲、深重遮盖、过度开张、过度开阔。于支撑不均之地行走时,行者的双脚生痛且裂开,心意难以专一,修行场所受损。若在柔软平坦之处,则能恰当持居修行。故以支撑不均之地为一缺陷。当行走之处若处于边缘、中间或坡道树旁,因疏忽而触顶或头部碰撞,则为内向弯曲缺陷。若行走于草丛等深重遮盖处,遇黑暗时被蛇等动物咬死或伤害,若被目击则生苦痛,是为第三缺陷。若行走时足部伸展或弱化地面,连指甲及指头皆受伤,则为过度开张之第四缺陷。至于过度开阔,则是行走时心意流散,难以专注,故称过度开阔为第五缺陷。举例而言,有一片沙丘在两个干河床之间,长约六十肘,平坦柔软,类似著名长老大摩诃林喻所行之地,就是这样。因此说:“其地行走时被测量,谓之五种缺陷所染。”
Aṭṭhaguṇasamupetanti aṭṭhahi samaṇasukhehi upetaṃ. Aṭṭhimāni samaṇasukhāni nāma dhanadhaññapariggahābhāvo, anavajjapiṇḍapātapariyesanabhāvo, nibbutapiṇḍapātabhuñjanabhāvo, raṭṭhaṃ pīḷetvā dhanasāraṃ vā sīsakahāpaṇādīni vā gaṇhantesu rājakulesu raṭṭhapīḷanakilesābhāvo, upakaraṇesu nicchandarāgabhāvo, coravilope nibbhayabhāvo, rājarājamahāmattehi asaṃsaṭṭhabhāvo, catūsu disāsu appaṭihatabhāvoti . Idaṃ vuttaṃ hoti – ‘‘yathā tasmiṃ assame vasantena sakkā honti imāni aṭṭha sukhāni vindituṃ, evaṃ aṭṭhaguṇasamupetaṃ taṃ assamaṃ māpesi’’nti.
所谓八种功德齐备者,是指具备八种沙门之乐:八者即无财富储藏、无染污乞食所求、已断除乞食之嗜食、无掳掠国土之心、无攫取王族财宝及钱币之意、弃除贪欲宝物及器具、无惧盗盗、无惧诸王大臣侵扰、四方无敌对之乐。此语云:「如萨咖在某一时期能得此八乐,沙门亦能具足此八种功德。」
Abhiññābalamāharinti pacchā tasmiṃ assame vasanto kasiṇaparikammaṃ katvā abhiññānañca samāpattīnañca uppādanatthāya aniccato ca dukkhato ca vipassanaṃ ārabhitvā thāmappattaṃ vipassanābalaṃ āhariṃ. Yathā tasmiṃ vasanto taṃ balaṃ āharituṃ sakkomi, evaṃ taṃ assamaṃ abhiññatthāya vipassanābalassa anucchavikaṃ katvā māpesinti attho.
所谓证能力者,是指在那个时期修习光明法轮时,经过苦修及正观无常苦,遂得坚固的正观力。正如我当时能得此证力,故以正观力证得该八种功德。
Sāṭakaṃ pajahiṃ tattha, navadosamupāgatanti etthāyaṃ anupubbikathā. Tadā kira kuṭileṇacaṅkamādipaṭimaṇḍitaṃ pupphūpagaphalūpagarukkhasañchannaṃ ramaṇīyaṃ madhurasalilāsayaṃ apagatavāḷamigabhiṃsanakasakuṇaṃ pavivekakkhamaṃ assamaṃ māpetvā alaṅkatacaṅkamassa ubhosu antesu ālambanaphalakaṃ saṃvidhāya nisīdanatthāya caṅkamavemajjhe samatalaṃ muggavaṇṇasilaṃ māpetvā anto paṇṇasālāya jaṭāmaṇḍalavākacīratidaṇḍakuṇḍikādike tāpasaparikkhāre maṇḍape pānīyaghaṭapānīyasaṅkhapānīyasarāvāni, aggisālāyaṃ aṅgārakapalladāruādīnīti evaṃ yaṃ yaṃ pabbajitānaṃ upakārāya saṃvattati, taṃ sabbaṃ māpetvā paṇṇasālāya bhittiyaṃ – ‘‘ye keci pabbajitukāmā ime parikkhāre gahetvā pabbajantū’’ti akkharāni chinditvā devalokameva gate vissakammadevaputte sumedhapaṇḍito himavantapāde girikandarānusārena attano nivāsānurūpaṃ phāsukaṭṭhānaṃ olokento nadīnivattane vissakammanimmitaṃ sakkadattiyaṃ ramaṇīyaṃ assamaṃ disvā caṅkamanakoṭiṃ gantvā padavaḷañjaṃ apassanto ‘‘dhuvaṃ pabbajitā dhuragāme bhikkhaṃ pariyesitvā kilantarūpā āgantvā paṇṇasālaṃ pavisitvā nisinnā bhavissantī’’ti cintetvā thokaṃ āgametvā ‘‘ativiya cirāyanti, jānissāmī’’ti paṇṇasāladvāraṃ vivaritvā anto pavisitvā ito cito ca olokento mahābhittiyaṃ akkharāni vācetvā ‘‘mayhaṃ kappiyaparikkhārā ete, ime gahetvā pabbajissāmī’’ti attanā nivatthapārutaṃ sāṭakayugaṃ pajahi. Tenāha ‘‘sāṭakaṃ pajahiṃ tatthā’’ti. Evaṃ paviṭṭho ahaṃ, sāriputta, tassaṃ paṇṇasālāyaṃ sāṭakaṃ pajahiṃ.
你应放弃损害心行的沙丘地形,这里说到九种缺陷逐渐显现。那时是开裂崎岖的路,有花、草、果实、树木覆盖,优美甜润的水源,易扰乱孤独者的山林,独立五彩羚羊出没之处,是清静孤立之地。如同装饰步行之路,在凉亭内设置支撑柱供依坐。佛塔山中设有圆柱篱笆、水池及试炼之所、水罐、经堂、火堆置木处,诸多为出家人所需皆在其中。修建这些,围绕凉亭之墙壁写有:「诸欲出家者,可携此等试炼前来出家。」鉴于此,我,沙利子,于此凉亭放弃了心行致碍的沙丘。
Navadosamupāgatanti sāṭakaṃ pajahanto nava dose disvā pajahinti dīpeti. Tāpasapabbajjaṃ pabbajitānañhi sāṭakasmiṃ nava dosā upaṭṭhahanti. Mahagghabhāvo eko doso, parapaṭibaddhatāya uppajjanabhāvo eko, paribhogena lahuṃ kilissanabhāvo eko, kiliṭṭho hi dhovitabbo ca rajitabbo ca hoti, paribhogena jīraṇabhāvo eko, jiṇṇassa hi tunnaṃ vā aggaḷadānaṃ vā kātabbaṃ hoti, puna pariyesanāya durabhisambhavabhāvo eko, tāpasapabbajjāya asāruppabhāvo eko, paccatthikānaṃ sādhāraṇabhāvo eko, yathā hi naṃ paccatthikā na gaṇhanti, evaṃ gopetabbo hoti, paribhuñjantassa vibhūsanaṭṭhānabhāvo eko, gahetvā vicarantassa khandhabhāramahicchabhāvo ekoti.
所谓九种缺陷显现,即放弃心行障碍后,见九种恶行应当断除。舍出家欲心者于此沙丘中有九种缺点:有贪欲之恶、有厌烦拘束之恶、有轻微污染之恶、污染应清洗焚烧之恶、衰败需更换之恶、难以恢复之恶、舍界烦恼分裂之恶、形态粗糙之恶、行止行乏恰当之恶。此九种恶应警醒防护,如若不防,则影响出家人修行;攀缘装饰品、出行背负沉重行李的弊病即在此中。
Vākacīraṃ nivāsesinti tadāhaṃ, sāriputta, ime nava dose disvā sāṭakaṃ pahāya vākacīraṃ nivāsesiṃ, muñjatiṇaṃ hīraṃ hīraṃ katvā ganthetvā kataṃ vākacīraṃ nivāsanapārupanatthāya ādiyinti attho.
彼时,沙利子,我舍弃了那种低劣的袈裟,起居于那高尚的袈裟之中。因见九种缺陷,故弃低贱袈裟,安居于高尚袈裟。比喻如拾取珍宝,以便身着珍宝袈裟,衣着端整,正是其意。
Dvādasa guṇamupāgatanti dvādasahi ānisaṃsehi samannāgataṃ. Vākacīrasmiñhi dvādasa ānisaṃsā – appagghaṃ sundaraṃ kappiyanti ayaṃ tāva eko ānisaṃso, sahatthā kātuṃ sakkāti ayaṃ dutiyo, paribhogena saṇikaṃ kilissati, dhoviyamānepi papañco natthīti ayaṃ tatiyo, paribhogena jiṇṇepi sibbitabbābhāvo catuttho, puna pariyesantassa sukhena karaṇabhāvo pañcamo, tāpasapabbajjāya sāruppabhāvo chaṭṭho, paccatthikānaṃ nirupabhogabhāvo sattamo, paribhuñjantassa vibhūsanaṭṭhānābhāvo aṭṭhamo, dhāraṇe sallahukabhāvo navamo, cīvarapaccaye appicchabhāvo dasamo, vākuppattiyā dhammikaanavajjabhāvo ekādasamo, vākacīre naṭṭhepi anapekkhabhāvo dvādasamoti.
所谓十二功德,乃具足十二种因缘。此十二因缘具足于袈裟中,有十二因缘:一、无疵美好,乃是一种因缘;二、能缝制,乃第二种;三、不因使用而污秽,乃第三种;四、不因使用而破损,乃第四种;五、兼顾使用者舒适,乃第五种;六、修行出家相称服饰,乃第六种;七、不被外物破坏,乃第七种;八、不毁坏其装饰所在,乃第八种;九、穿戴轻便,乃第九种;十、缝制整齐,乃第十种;十一、符合戒律要求,不违戒律,乃第十一种;十二、即使无下布,亦不显露缺点,乃第十二种。此即十二因缘之义。
Aṭṭhadosasamākiṇṇaṃ, pajahiṃ paṇṇasālakanti kathaṃ pajahiṃ? So kira varasāṭakayugaṃ omuñcanto cīvaravaṃse laggitaṃ anojapupphadāmasadisaṃ rattaṃ vākacīraṃ gahetvā nivāsetvā tassūpari aparaṃ suvaṇṇavaṇṇaṃ vākacīraṃ paridahitvā punnāgapupphasantharasadisaṃ sakhuraṃ ajinacammaṃ ekaṃsaṃ katvā jaṭāmaṇḍalaṃ paṭimuñcitvā cūḷāya saddhiṃ niccalabhāvakaraṇatthaṃ sārasūciṃ pavesetvā muttājālasadisāya sikkāya pavāḷavaṇṇaṃ kuṇḍikaṃ odahitvā tīsu ṭhānesu vaṅkaṃ kājaṃ ādāya ekissā kājakoṭiyā kuṇḍikaṃ, ekissā aṅkusapacchitidaṇḍakādīni olaggetvā khārikājaṃ aṃse katvā dakkhiṇena hatthena kattaradaṇḍaṃ gahetvā paṇṇasālato nikkhamitvā saṭṭhihatthe mahācaṅkame aparāparaṃ caṅkamanto attano vesaṃ oloketvā – ‘‘mayhaṃ manoratho matthakaṃ patto, sobhati vata me pabbajjā, buddhapaccekabuddhādīhi sabbehi dhīrapurisehi vaṇṇitā thomitā ayaṃ pabbajjā nāma, pahīnaṃ me gihibandhanaṃ, nikkhantosmi nekkhammaṃ, laddhā me uttamapabbajjā, karissāmi samaṇadhammaṃ, labhissāmi maggaphalasukha’’nti ussāhajāto khārikājaṃ otāretvā caṅkamavemajjhe muggavaṇṇasilāpaṭṭe suvaṇṇapaṭimā viya nisinno divasabhāgaṃ vītināmetvā sāyanhasamayaṃ paṇṇasālaṃ pavisitvā bidalamañcakapasse kaṭṭhattharikāya nipanno sarīraṃ utuṃ gāhāpetvā balavapaccūse pabujjhitvā attano āgamanaṃ āvajjesi – ‘‘ahaṃ gharāvāse ādīnavaṃ disvā amitabhogaṃ anantayasaṃ pahāya araññaṃ pavisitvā nekkhammagavesako hutvā pabbajito. Ito dāni paṭṭhāya pamādacāraṃ carituṃ na vaṭṭati, pavivekañhi pahāya vicarantaṃ micchāvitakkamakkhikā khādanti, idāni mayā vivekamanubrūhetuṃ vaṭṭati, ahañhi gharāvāsaṃ palibodhato disvā nikkhanto, ayañca manāpā paṇṇasālā, beluvapakkavaṇṇā paribhaṇḍakatā bhūmi, rajatavaṇṇā setabhittiyo, kapotapādavaṇṇaṃ paṇṇacchadanaṃ, vicittattharaṇavaṇṇo bidalamañcako, nivāsaphāsukaṃ vasanaṭṭhānaṃ, na etto atirekatarā viya me gehasampadā paññāyatī’’ti paṇṇasālāya dose vicinanto aṭṭha dose passi.
所谓八十种缺点聚合,如何舍弃袈裟?因弃此劣袈裟,舍去旧衣,换上纯金色袈裟,如瑞花之翳,如珍珠之宝,以显庄严。遍身施护,着净衣裳,以端正之仪态,穿戴整齐,持钩杖、金扣、净瓶等法器,行走之间,端庄自持,表示心愿:“我已得善趣,出家修道,获至善戒,必成圣道,得道之乐。”其心欢喜,挥除杂务,静坐如金像,昼夜修学,舍家游行,远离烦恼,欲求清净。视此莹洁袈裟为合适住所,无多余烦恼,观察即见此袈裟欠缺八十中缺点之不足。
Paṇṇasālaparibhogasmiñhi aṭṭha ādīnavā – mahāsamārambhena dabbasambhāre samodhānetvā karaṇapariyesanabhāvo eko ādīnavo, tiṇapaṇṇamattikāsu patitāsu tāsaṃ punappunaṃ ṭhapetabbatāya nibaddhajagganabhāvo dutiyo, senāsanaṃ nāma mahallakassa pāpuṇāti, avelāya vuṭṭhāpiyamānassa cittekaggatā na hotīti uṭṭhāpanīyabhāvo tatiyo, sītuṇhādipaṭighātena kāyassa sukhumālakaraṇabhāvo catuttho , gehaṃ paviṭṭhena yaṃkiñci pāpaṃ sakkā kātunti garahāpaṭicchādanabhāvo pañcamo, ‘‘mayha’’nti pariggahakaraṇabhāvo chaṭṭho, gehassa atthibhāvo nāmesa sadutiyakavāso viyāti sattamo, ūkāmaṅgulagharagoḷikādīnaṃ sādhāraṇatāya bahusādhāraṇabhāvo aṭṭhamo. Iti ime aṭṭha ādīnave disvā mahāsatto paṇṇasālaṃ pajahi. Tenāha – ‘‘aṭṭhadosasamākiṇṇaṃ, pajahiṃ paṇṇasālaka’’nti.
在修习纯净袈裟中,有八种危险:一、大腹便便,难以携带,必需打理,乃一危险;二、因频繁即放置,束缚难开,乃二;三、易因无精进而荒废,乃三;四、寒冷刺激导致身柔软无力,乃四;五、不慎进入污秽之处致浊秽,乃五;六、情执“我”的行为,乃六;七、住房即去除住处,乃七;八、贪恋纯净外形,乃八。见此八危险,于是一心舍弃劣袈裟。于是告言:“八十缺点聚集,舍弃此袈裟。”
Upāgamiṃ rukkhamūlaṃ, guṇe dasahupāgatanti channaṃ paṭikkhipitvā dasahi guṇehi upetaṃ rukkhamūlaṃ upagatosmīti vadati. Tatrime dasa guṇā – appasamārambhatā eko guṇo, upagamanamattakameva hi tattha hotīti. Appaṭijagganatā dutiyo, tañhi sammaṭṭhampi asammaṭṭhampi paribhogaphāsukaṃ hotiyeva. Anuṭṭhāpanīyabhāvo tatiyo. Garahaṃ nappaṭicchādeti, tattha hi pāpaṃ karonto lajjatīti garahāya appaṭicchannabhāvo catuttho. Abbhokāsavāso viya kāyaṃ na santhambhetīti kāyassa asanthambhanabhāvo pañcamo, pariggahakaraṇābhāvo chaṭṭho, gehālayapaṭikkhepo sattamo. Bahusādhāraṇe gehe viya ‘‘paṭijaggissāmi naṃ, nikkhamathā’’ti nīharaṇakābhāvo aṭṭhamo, vasantassa sappītikabhāvo navamo, rukkhamūlasenāsanassa gatagataṭṭhāne sulabhatāya anapekkhabhāvo dasamoti ime dasaguṇe disvā rukkhamūlaṃ upagatosmīti vadati.
所谓来到树根,有十种功德随之而来。谓以遮盖保护为名,包裹树根,具足十种功德。其一,远离纷扰;二,脱离束缚;三,不致荒废;四,难以侵占污秽;五,身体自在安乐;六,无贪执;七,免除居所迁移;八,少有破坏;九,随季节变迁适宜;十,造树根底座易行之功德。见这十种功德,定言已至树根。
Imāni hi ettakāni kāraṇāni sallakkhetvā mahāsatto punadivase bhikkhāya gāmaṃ pāvisi. Athassa sampattagāme manussā mahantena ussāhena bhikkhaṃ adaṃsu. So bhattakiccaṃ niṭṭhāpetvā assamaṃ āgamma nisīditvā cintesi – ‘‘nāhaṃ ‘āhāraṃ labhāmī’ti pabbajito, siniddhāhāro nāmesa mānamadapurisamade vaḍḍheti, āhāramūlakassa ca dukkhassa anto natthi, yaṃnūnāhaṃ vāpitaropitadhaññanibbattakaṃ āhāraṃ pajahitvā pavattaphalabhojano bhaveyya’’nti. So tato paṭṭhāya tathā katvā ghaṭento vāyamanto sattāhabbhantareyeva aṭṭha samāpattiyo pañca ca abhiññāyo nibbattesi. Tena vuttaṃ –
记载以上种种因缘后,次日伟大行者踏入村庄。村中人热诚供养乞食。行者食毕,安坐静思:“我出家非为食物,饱满食物不求,此食乃承载痛苦之根源。如若舍弃调制恶食,应得正果受用。”遂远离世俗,坚持修行,一周间示现八种成就及五种神通。宣示曰:
‘‘Vāpitaṃ ropitaṃ dhaññaṃ, pajahiṃ niravasesato;
『浸润』者,谓谷种受湿而浸泡之义;『耕种』者,谓播种耕种之义。『离弃』者,谓舍弃残秕之义。
Anekaguṇasampannaṃ, pavattaphalamādiyiṃ.
『具有多种功德』者,于果报生起初现时具足多种功德之义。
‘‘Tatthappadhānaṃ padahiṃ, nisajjaṭṭhānacaṅkame;
『在此』者,谓在此修行精进处。『建立正念』者,为修行基础勤精进立正念之义。『不起身行』者,谓身心安住不动而修习之法。
Abbhantaramhi sattāhe, abhiññābala pāpuṇi’’nti.
『于内心』者,谓于心意之中。『七年』者,谓经历七年之久。『获得神通力』者,谓得诸天眼耳等神通能量。
Dīpaṅkaro buddho燃灯佛
Evaṃ abhiññābalaṃ patvā sumedhatāpase samāpattisukhena vītināmente dīpaṅkaro nāma satthā loke udapādi. Tassa paṭisandhijātibodhi dhammacakkappavattanesu sakalāpi dasasahassilokadhātu saṅkampi sampakampi sampavedhi, mahāviravaṃ ravi, dvattiṃsa pubbanimittāni pāturahesuṃ. Sumedhatāpaso samāpattisukhena vītināmento neva taṃ saddamassosi, na ca tāni nimittāni addasa. Tena vuttaṃ –
由此得神通力,智者热心修行,身心安乐,称为灯火之名弟子,于世间而生。此人再生时于成道法轮转动之际,感知十万法界之震动、连接与感应,伟大灿然日光,显现出二十三种前行相。具有智者热心修行安乐安住未离所处时,未曾闻此声,亦未见此等相。故有言曰──
‘‘Evaṃ me siddhippattassa, vasībhūtassa sāsane;
『于我成就之时,已为明主而顺法教之行』。
Dīpaṅkaro nāma jino, uppajji lokanāyako.
称为迪班卡罗的胜者,乃世间导主而生。
‘‘Uppajjante ca jāyante, bujjhante dhammadesane;
『众生生起、出生,因法之宣说而觉悟;
Caturo nimitte nāddasaṃ, jhānaratisamappito’’ti.
见四圣相,具足禅悦满足。』
Tasmiṃ kāle dīpaṅkaradasabalo catūhi khīṇāsavasatasahassehi parivuto anupubbena cārikaṃ caramāno rammaṃ nāma nagaraṃ patvā sudassanamahāvihāre paṭivasati. Rammanagaravāsino ‘‘dīpaṅkaro kira samaṇissaro paramābhisambodhiṃ patvā pavattavaradhammacakko anupubbena cārikaṃ caramāno amhākaṃ rammanagaraṃ patvā sudassanamahāvihāre paṭivasatī’’ti sutvā sappinavanītādīni ceva bhesajjāni vatthacchādanāni ca gāhāpetvā gandhamālādihatthā yena buddho, yena dhammo, yena saṅgho, tanninnā tappoṇā tappabbhārā hutvā satthāraṃ upasaṅkamitvā vanditvā gandhamālādīhi pūjetvā ekamantaṃ nisinnā dhammadesanaṃ sutvā svātanāya nimantetvā uṭṭhāyāsanā pakkamiṃsu.
当时,迪班卡罗世尊现其盛年,身披十种威力,四万八千余俱灭烦恼,环绕其身,行住坐卧,漫游时,来到名为拉摩的城,止于美观大寺。拉摩城民闻说『据云,迪班卡罗乃众圣上师,已证最上觉境,展开法轮,漫游于我拉摩城,止于美观大寺』,遂备供应以牛脂、酥油及药材等药品,盖置华盖,为佛、为法、为僧恭敬奉献,净除尘垢负担,前来敬礼佛王,顶礼供香花等,侧坐听闻法音,事毕而起离座。
Te punadivase mahādānaṃ sajjetvā nagaraṃ alaṅkaritvā dasabalassa āgamanamaggaṃ alaṅkarontā udakabhinnaṭṭhānesu paṃsuṃ pakkhipitvā samaṃ bhūmitalaṃ katvā rajatapaṭṭavaṇṇaṃ vālukaṃ ākiranti, lāje ceva pupphāni ca vikiranti, nānāvirāgehi vatthehi dhajapaṭāke ussāpenti, kadaliyo ceva puṇṇaghaṭapantiyo ca patiṭṭhāpenti. Tasmiṃ kāle sumedhatāpaso attano assamapadā ākāsaṃ uggantvā, tesaṃ manussānaṃ uparibhāgena ākāsena gacchanto te haṭṭhatuṭṭhe manusse disvā ‘‘kiṃ nu kho kāraṇa’’nti ākāsato oruyha ekamantaṃ ṭhito manusse pucchi – ‘‘ambho, kassa tumhe idha visamaṃ maggaṃ alaṅkarothā’’ti? Tena vuttaṃ –
翌日,城中设大供养,庄严城市,装点十力佛王来临之道,水域池塘洒泥造平地作基,铺撒银色细沙,种种花卉盛开,悬挂彩旗旌幡,立满满香腊烛台。此时,称为苏美陀塔婆者升空而起,盘旋游行于众人之上,彼人仰视天空,问一人曰『因何故尔,在此装饰道路?』答曰——
‘‘Paccantadesavisaye , nimantetvā tathāgataṃ;
『于东边境界,为请迎请如来所装饰;』
Tassa āgamanaṃ maggaṃ, sodhenti tuṭṭhamānasā.
彼于到来之道,审察而欢喜满足。
‘‘Ahaṃ tena samayena, nikkhamitvā sakassamā;
我于当时离去,往向彼岸;
Dhunanto vākacīrāni, gacchāmi ambare tadā.
口舌清净念起,遂当时赴向天界。
‘‘Vedajātaṃ janaṃ disvā, tuṭṭhahaṭṭhaṃ pamoditaṃ;
见彼感受生之众生,欢喜满足心意畅悦;
Orohitvāna gaganā, manusse pucchi tāvade.
登上苍穹高处,向人间询问至今。
‘‘‘Tuṭṭhahaṭṭho pamudito, vedajāto mahājano;
『心意满足欢喜畅悦,感受生之大众生;'}
Kassa sodhīyati maggo, añjasaṃ vaṭumāyana’’’nti.
当知,『魔道』即为『坚固之魔网』。
Manussā āhaṃsu – ‘‘bhante sumedha, na tvaṃ jānāsi, dīpaṅkaro dasabalo sammāsambuddho sambodhiṃ patvā pavattavaradhammacakko cārikaṃ caramāno amhākaṃ nagaraṃ patvā sudassanamahāvihāre paṭivasati. Mayaṃ taṃ bhagavantaṃ nimantayimha, tassetaṃ buddhassa bhagavato āgamanamaggaṃ alaṅkaromā’’ti. Atha sumedhatāpaso cintesi – ‘‘buddhoti kho ghosamattakampi loke dullabhaṃ, pageva buddhuppādo, mayāpi imehi manussehi saddhiṃ dasabalassa maggaṃ alaṅkarituṃ vaṭṭatī’’ti. So te manusse āha – ‘‘sace, bho, tumhe etaṃ maggaṃ buddhassa alaṅkarotha, mayhampi ekaṃ okāsaṃ detha, ahampi tumhehi saddhiṃ maggaṃ alaṅkarissāmī’’ti. Te ‘‘sādhū’’ti sampaṭicchitvā ‘‘sumedhatāpaso iddhimā’’ti jānantā udakabhinnokāsaṃ sallakkhetvā – ‘‘tvaṃ imaṃ ṭhānaṃ alaṅkarohī’’ti adaṃsu. Sumedho buddhārammaṇaṃ pītiṃ gahetvā cintesi – ‘‘ahaṃ imaṃ okāsaṃ iddhiyā alaṅkarituṃ pahomi, evaṃ alaṅkato na maṃ paritosessati, ajja mayā kāyaveyyāvaccaṃ kātuṃ vaṭṭatī’’ti paṃsuṃ āharitvā tasmiṃ padese pakkhipi.
人们说:「尊者苏灭陀,你不明白,『灯王』十方具足、正遍知佛,成就正觉,展开转法轮,行走游行,来到我们城中,住在优美庄严的大寺院内。我们来邀请世尊,到此迎接佛陀的降临圣道,修饰装饰它。」于是苏灭陀思惟道:「佛者,纵使只是一点传闻,也在世间难得,正如佛陀出世。我亦当与这些人一同,饰修此十方具足佛道。」这些人对他说:「诸位,如果你修饰此如来圣道,请也给我一个机缘,我必与你们共饰修此道。」众人答曰:「善哉!」心怀敬意称苏灭为有神通者,握水以示,嘱咐道:「你来装饰此地。」苏灭陀欢喜承受佛道庄严,思惟曰:「我现今当以神通力修饰此地,若被庄严,必无人会嗔恨,今日我当为身体广度庄严。」取来尘土,撒于此处。
Tassa tasmiṃ padese aniṭṭhiteyeva dīpaṅkaradasabalo mahānubhāvānaṃ chaḷabhiññānaṃ khīṇāsavānaṃ catūhi satasahassehi parivuto devatāsu dibbagandhamālādīhi pūjayantāsu dibbaturiyehi vajjantāsu dibbasaṅgītesu pavattentesu manussesu mānusakehi gandhamālādīhi ceva turiyehi ca pūjayantesu anopamāya buddhalīlāya manosilātale vijambhamāno sīho viya taṃ alaṅkatapaṭiyattaṃ maggaṃ paṭipajji. Sumedhatāpaso akkhīni ummīletvā alaṅkatamaggena āgacchantassa dasabalassa dvattiṃsamahāpurisalakkhaṇapaṭimaṇḍitaṃ asītiyā anubyañjanehi anurañjitaṃ byāmappabhāya samparivāritaṃ maṇivaṇṇagaganatale nānappakārā vijjulatā viya āveḷāveḷabhūtā ceva yugaḷayugaḷabhūtā ca chabbaṇṇaghanabuddharasmiyo vissajjentaṃ rūpasobhaggappattaṃ attabhāvaṃ oloketvā – ‘‘ajja mayā dasabalassa jīvitapariccāgaṃ kātuṃ vaṭṭati, mā bhagavā kalalaṃ akkami, maṇiphalakasetuṃ pana akkamanto viya saddhiṃ catūhi khīṇāsavasatasahassehi mama piṭṭhiṃ maddamāno gacchatu, taṃ me bhavissati dīgharattaṃ hitāya sukhāyā’’ti kese mocetvā ajinacammajaṭāmaṇḍalavākacīrāni kāḷavaṇṇe kalale pattharitvā maṇiphalakasetu viya kalalapiṭṭhe nipajji. Tena vuttaṃ –
此地未定,有十方具足大德中证六通通达、垢尽圣者众多达四十万,环绕于天众及天香花环等供养,天人歌舞赞唱,人与天人并以香花环等供养,心欢喜玩赏无上佛陀威德,犹如狮王护卫其复制之路,奉行此庄严佛道。苏灭陀睁眼观望,见此庄严道具,具二十二豪杰者宿命相庄严,镶金涂朱,环绕宝光天际,各种灿烂如彩霞,或成双双,或成六色重叠佛光,如云散落,观其形貌光辉充满自性,思惟曰:「今日我当为这十方具足作生命供养,愿世尊莫生嗔恨,若我为绛红璎珞装束,必与此四十万垢尽圣者共行,护持我身,令我久远得大利乐。」须发解下,披上野兽皮与黑色绒布,卧于绛红璎珞布之上。如此说:
‘‘Te me puṭṭhā viyākaṃsu, ‘buddho loke anuttaro;
「诸人问我说道,『佛陀于世间无上无比;
Dīpaṅkaro nāma jino, uppajji lokanāyako;
名为灯王之胜佛,生出为众生护卫;
Tassa sodhīyati maggo, añjasaṃ vaṭumāyanaṃ’.
此道坚固如魔网,坚固犹如坚牢毒刺之网。」」
‘‘Buddhotivacanaṃ sutvāna, pīti uppajji tāvade;
「听闻佛陀所说法时,欢乐随之生起至极。」
Buddho buddhoti kathayanto, somanassaṃ pavedayiṃ.
「称彼为佛陀时,心中生欢喜而获其乐。」
‘‘Tattha ṭhatvā vicintesiṃ, tuṭṭho saṃviggamānaso;
「于彼处立定思惟,心满足且悸动不已;」
‘Idha bījāni ropissaṃ, khaṇo ve mā upaccagā’.
「我今将种子播种于此,稍候片刻勿令灭失。」
‘‘Yadi buddhassa sodhetha, ekokāsaṃ dadātha me;
「若佛得见净,我愿给予一空地;」
Ahampi sodhayissāmi, añjasaṃ vaṭumāyanaṃ.
「我亦当使清净,如同雨水灌溉幼树。」
‘‘Adaṃsu te mamokāsaṃ, sodhetuṃ añjasaṃ tadā;
『这一刻,为了证悟于我犹如空无,必当净除忧烦;』
Buddho buddhoti cintento, maggaṃ sodhemahaṃ tadā.
『当时正以“佛陀即是佛陀”思惟,立志当除道故;』
‘‘Aniṭṭhite mamokāse, dīpaṅkaro mahāmuni;
『在未成就空无之时,伟大圣者灯明,如彼辐轮;』
Catūhi satasahassehi, chaḷabhiññehi tādihi;
『于四百千众,具六通智慧,恰如是等;』
Khīṇāsavehi vimalehi, paṭipajji añjasaṃ jino.
『已断烦恼、清净无染,尊者即庄严修行,如佛降世;』
‘‘Paccuggamanā vattanti, vajjanti bheriyo bahū;
『复次,众多恐惧所引之乱象,皆各生起纷扰;』
Āmoditā naramarū, sādhukāraṃ pavattayuṃ.
众人形貌皆欣悦,善行由此兴起。
‘‘Devā manusse passanti, manussāpi ca devatā;
天人与人类相互观照,人亦可见天人;
Ubhopi te pañjalikā, anuyanti tathāgataṃ.
二者皆以合掌礼敬,随顺如来而行。
‘‘Devā dibbehi turiyehi, manussā mānusehi ca;
天人在高空第三层,人类居于人间;
Ubhopi te vajjayantā, anuyanti tathāgataṃ.
彼此皆以誓愿坚守,随顺如来教法。
‘‘Dibbaṃ mandāravaṃ pupphaṃ, padumaṃ pārichattakaṃ;
天上曼陀罗花盛开,莲花覆伞并齐显现;
Disodisaṃ okiranti, ākāsanabhagatā marū.
天人们从天空涌出,四方分散。
‘‘Dibbaṃ candanacuṇṇañca, varagandhañca kevalaṃ;
他们各自持有神圣的檀香粉和麝香,纯净无杂;
Disodisaṃ okiranti, ākāsanabhagatā marū.
天人们从天空涌出,四方分散。
‘‘Campakaṃ salalaṃ nīpaṃ, nāgapunnāgaketakaṃ;
携带山茶花、山桅子、芦苇,以及龙王莲和讫槃莎花;
Disodisaṃ ukkhipanti, bhūmitalagatā narā.
人们从地面上跳跃升起;
‘‘Kese muñcitvāhaṃ tattha, vākacīrañca cammakaṃ;
我放下头发,手持竹笛和皮鼓,
Kalale pattharitvāna, avakujjo nipajjahaṃ.
曾踏入荆棘中,应当俯伏而卧。
‘‘Akkamitvāna maṃ buddho, saha sissehi gacchatu;
佛陀对我说:『与弟子同去行走吧;
Mā naṃ kalale akkamittha, hitāya me bhavissatī’’ti.
不要靠近荆棘,那对我必有利益。』
So pana kalalapiṭṭhe nipannakova puna akkhīni ummīletvā dīpaṅkaradasabalassa buddhasiriṃ sampassamāno evaṃ cintesi – ‘‘sace ahaṃ iccheyyaṃ, sabbakilese jhāpetvā saṅghanavako hutvā rammanagaraṃ paviseyyaṃ, aññātakavesena pana me kilese jhāpetvā nibbānappattiyā kiccaṃ natthi, yaṃnūnāhaṃ dīpaṅkaradasabalo viya paramābhisambodhiṃ patvā dhammanāvaṃ āropetvā mahājanaṃ saṃsārasāgarā uttāretvā pacchā parinibbāyeyyaṃ, idaṃ mayhaṃ patirūpa’’nti. Tato aṭṭha dhamme samodhānetvā buddhabhāvāya abhinīhāraṃ katvā nipajji. Tena vuttaṃ –
彼时他如同身处荆棘林中一般,再次睁开眼睛,注视着多闻比库如灯明佛的光辉,心中思惟道:『如果我愿望达成,能熄灭一切烦恼,成为僧团之首,进入安乐净土,但因烦恼未尽,未能成就涅槃;倘若我如灯明佛般,得究竟正觉,彰显佛法,度脱众生超越轮回大海,之后入般涅槃,此乃我真正本愿。』于是他检视八法,专心向佛陀的境界努力,俯伏静思。由此得言:
‘‘Pathaviyaṃ nipannassa, evaṃ me āsi cetaso;
『如同潜伏于地,吾心是如此;
‘Icchamāno ahaṃ ajja, kilese jhāpaye mama.
今日我渴望,灭尽我的烦恼。』
‘‘‘Kiṃ me aññātavesena, dhammaṃ sacchikatenidha;
『我以何种他法亲证此法?』
Sabbaññutaṃ pāpuṇitvā, buddho hessaṃ sadevake.
在亲证一切知见之后,世尊成为一切众生的同伴。
‘‘‘Kiṃ me ekena tiṇṇena, purisena thāmadassinā;
『我凭一位胜士的苦行者的教化,为何成就一切知见?』
Sabbaññutaṃ pāpuṇitvā, santāressaṃ sadevakaṃ.
在亲证一切知见之后,我成为一切众生的安乐之友。
‘‘‘Iminā me adhikārena, katena purisuttame;
凭借这一大权威、以最高胜士的所作所为,
Sabbaññutaṃ pāpuṇitvā, tāremi janataṃ bahuṃ.
在成就一切知见之后,我度化了众多大众。
‘‘‘Saṃsārasotaṃ chinditvā, viddhaṃsetvā tayo bhave;
“断绝轮回之流,斩断三界之系,
Dhammanāvaṃ samāruyha, santāressaṃ sadevaka’’’nti.
依止法门而行,寂灭者间无分别”是说。
Yasmā pana buddhattaṃ patthentassa –
又为见佛道者说:
‘‘Manussattaṃ liṅgasampatti, hetu satthāradassanaṃ;
“人身之具足乃有缘起,佛陀教化之因缘所在;
Pabbajjā guṇasampatti, adhikāro ca chandatā;
出家之德性具足,修学之资粮充盈;
Aṭṭhadhammasamodhānā, abhinīhāro samijjhatī’’ti.
八法之相会合,内心自持恒常不退转”是也。
Manussattabhāvasmiṃyeva hi ṭhatvā buddhattaṃ patthentassa patthanā samijjhati, nāgassa vā supaṇṇassa vā devatāya vā sakkassa vā patthanā no samijjhati. Manussattabhāvepi purisaliṅge ṭhitasseva patthanā samijjhati, itthiyā vā paṇḍakanapuṃsakaubhatobyañjanakānaṃ vā no samijjhati. Purisassapi tasmiṃ attabhāve arahattappattiyā hetusampannasseva patthanā samijjhati, no itarassa. Hetusampannassāpi jīvamānabuddhasseva santike patthentasseva patthanā samijjhati, parinibbute buddhe cetiyasantike vā bodhimūle vā patthentassa na samijjhati. Buddhānaṃ santike patthentassapi pabbajjāliṅge ṭhitasseva samijjhati, no gihiliṅge ṭhitassa. Pabbajitassapi pañcābhiññāaṭṭhasamāpattilābhinoyeva samijjhati, na imāya guṇasampattiyā virahitassa. Guṇasampannenapi yena attano jīvitaṃ buddhānaṃ pariccattaṃ hoti, tasseva iminā adhikārena adhikārasampannassa samijjhati, na itarassa. Adhikārasampannassāpi yassa buddhakārakadhammānaṃ atthāya mahanto chando ca ussāho ca vāyāmo ca pariyeṭṭhi ca, tasseva samijjhati, na itarassa.
唯有人身之存在中立住者,方能领悟佛果之境界;而那天龙、金翅鸟、诸天与天帝等,则不复能生此领悟。即使在人身中,唯有男子者立住者,方能生此领悟;女性或阉割之男子则不能生此领悟。于男子自身存在中,唯有因缘备足,具足阿拉汉果证得缘故者,方能生此领悟,非他人也。复次,即使于因缘备足、当时生存之佛处,若修学者近于佛边而观察,亦能生此领悟;然于已涅槃之佛舍利及佛陀觉树根处观察,则不生此领悟。即使于诸佛附近而观察,唯有出家比库团者立处,方能生之,居家男子则不生。依五种超凡通达得证而生者,亦能生此领悟,不是以诸善根功德所生者。即便有功德成就,唯有使其生命有佛教之依归者,方可生此领悟;他人则不然。对于具足此依归者,若有弘大之心愿、精勤努力及周旋修行,方可生此领悟,非他人也。
Tatridaṃ chandamahantatāya opammaṃ – sace hi evamassa yo sakalacakkavāḷagabbhaṃ ekodakībhūtaṃ attano bāhubalena uttaritvā pāraṃ gantuṃ samattho, so buddhattaṃ pāpuṇāti. Yo vā pana sakalacakkavāḷagabbhaṃ veḷugumbasañchannaṃ viyūhitvā madditvā padasā gacchanto pāraṃ gantuṃ samattho, so buddhattaṃ pāpuṇāti. Yo vā pana sakalacakkavāḷagabbhaṃ sattiyo ākoṭetvā nirantaraṃ sattiphalasamākiṇṇaṃ padasā akkamamāno pāraṃ gantuṃ samattho, so buddhattaṃ pāpuṇāti. Yo vā pana sakalacakkavāḷagabbhaṃ vītaccitaṅgārabharitaṃ pādehi maddamāno pāraṃ gantuṃ samattho, so buddhattaṃ pāpuṇātīti. Yo etesu ekampi attano dukkaraṃ na maññati, ‘‘ahaṃ etampi taritvā vā gantvā vā pāraṃ gamissāmī’’ti evaṃ mahantena chandena ca ussāhena ca vāyāmena ca pariyeṭṭhiyā ca samannāgato hoti, etasseva patthanā samijjhati, na itarassa. Tasmā sumedhatāpaso ime aṭṭha dhamme samodhānetvāva buddhabhāvāya abhinīhāraṃ katvā nipajji.
此处将此心愿之宏大,作譬喻说明:假使有人能以自己的臂力,越过全世界整个轮回之洋,达到彼岸,则此人即得佛果。或有人能以步行,在覆满沙粒之全世界,跋涉轻盈,达彼岸者,亦得佛果。或有人能以脚踏足踩七支,脚步连续跨越布满众生果报之七层大陆,达彼岸者,亦得佛果。或有人能以足踏着燃烧之火炭,轻柔行走而达彼岸者,亦得佛果。若于这些之中,毫不以为难,内心自语“我亦能越过此障到彼岸”,以宏大之心愿、精进、努力及周旋修行充足者,则生此领悟,非他人也。故此,贤达以智慧和精进,深研此八项功德,确立佛果之大愿,日复一日地发心精勤,无懈退,达成此果。
Dīpaṅkaropi bhagavā āgantvā sumedhatāpasassa sīsabhāge ṭhatvā maṇisīhapañjaraṃ ugghāṭento viya pañcavaṇṇapasādasampannāni akkhīni ummīletvā kalalapiṭṭhe nipannaṃ sumedhatāpasaṃ disvā ‘‘ayaṃ tāpaso buddhattāya abhinīhāraṃ katvā nipanno, samijjhissati nu kho etassa patthanā, udāhu no’’ti anāgataṃsañāṇaṃ pesetvā upadhārento – ‘‘ito kappasatasahassādhikāni cattāri asaṅkhyeyyāni atikkamitvā ayaṃ gotamo nāma buddho bhavissatī’’ti ñatvā ṭhitakova parisamajjhe byākāsi – ‘‘passatha no tumhe imaṃ uggatapaṃ tāpasaṃ kalalapiṭṭhe nipanna’’nti? ‘‘Evaṃ, bhante’’ti. Ayaṃ buddhattāya abhinīhāraṃ katvā nipanno, samijjhissati imassa patthanā. Ayañhi ito kappasatasahassādhikānaṃ catunnaṃ asaṅkhayeyyānaṃ matthake gotamo nāma buddho bhavissati. Tasmiṃ panassa attabhāve kapilavatthu nāma nagaraṃ nivāso bhavissati, māyā nāma devī mātā, suddhodano nāma rājā pitā, aggasāvako upatisso nāma thero, dutiyasāvako kolito nāma, buddhupaṭṭhāko ānando nāma, aggasāvikā khemā nāma therī, dutiyasāvikā uppalavaṇṇā nāma therī bhavissati. Ayaṃ paripakkañāṇo mahābhinikkhamanaṃ katvā mahāpadhānaṃ padahitvā nigrodharukkhamūle pāyāsaṃ paṭiggahetvā nerañjarāya tīre paribhuñjitvā bodhimaṇḍaṃ āruyha assattharukkhamūle abhisambujjhissatīti. Tena vuttaṃ –
祇洹佛亦曾降生,住于贤达之头顶,如同打开宝石狮笼,睁开五彩宝眸,洞察深陀林中贤达,告知曰:“此贤达已确立成佛之大愿,现处将得此悟。汝是否知其大愿?”以未来之知传达曰:“历经千万亿劫,超越无量无数尘沙,必有名为果德玛者成佛。”当时贤达正安然坐于此间,释尊宣布此事曰:“看这于宝石狮笼中之贤达。”众答:“如是,世尊。”此贤达已确立成佛大愿,将得此悟。于无量千万亿尘沙劫之未来,必有此果德玛成佛。届时其自体存在中,将有一城名咖毕拉瓦图,母名摩耶,父王名净饭,第一弟子名阿阇世,次弟子名拘梨多,护持佛法者名阿难,第一女弟子名吉摩,第二女弟子名莲花色。这位通达圆满者,经历大出家及多艰难,沐浴于染色河岸,升上菩提树下,将得正觉彻悟。此处经文云:
‘‘Dīpaṅkaro lokavidū, āhutīnaṃ paṭiggaho;
『祇洹如来,世间知者,受持布施;
Ussīsake maṃ ṭhatvāna, idaṃ vacanamabravi.
住于勤奋者之侧,告诵此语。
‘‘‘Passatha imaṃ tāpasaṃ, jaṭilaṃ uggatāpanaṃ;
“观此出家者,苦行严厉之人;”
Aparimeyye ito kappe, buddho loke bhavissati.
在无量无边的未来劫中,世尊将在世间出现。
‘‘‘Ahu kapilavhayā rammā, nikkhamitvā tathāgato;
当时,如来从咖毕拉瓦图离开,经过游乐场所;
Padhānaṃ padahitvāna, katvā dukkarakārikaṃ.
他努力精进,完成那艰难的工作。
‘‘‘Ajapālarukkhamūle, nisīditvā tathāgato;
如来坐在印度杞树根下;
Tattha pāyāsaṃ paggayha, nerañjaramupehiti.
在那里他取来乳酪,放在河边。
‘‘‘Nerañjarāya tīramhi, pāyāsaṃ ada so jino;
尊者在河畔,服用乳酪,世尊如此行之。
Paṭiyattavaramaggena, bodhimūlamupehiti.
以修习之路为最先,抵达觉树根下。
‘‘‘Tato padakkhiṇaṃ katvā, bodhimaṇḍaṃ anuttaro;
然后围绕觉树转行,觉座超胜无比;
Assattharukkhamūlamhi, bujjhissati mahāyaso.
那树即无所堕落树根上,伟大光荣者将于彼处觉悟。
‘‘‘Imassa janikā mātā, māyā nāma bhavissati;
其生母名为摩耶,是此世母。
Pitā suddhodano nāma, ayaṃ hessati gotamo.
其父名为净饭王,此即果德玛世尊。
‘‘‘Anāsavā vītarāgā, santacittā samāhitā;
无染无欲,心安净定,专注正念之人。
Kolito upatisso ca, aggā hessanti sāvakā;
迦黎陀与乌波提索,成为诸弟子中的首领;
Ānando nāmupaṭṭhāko, upaṭṭhissati taṃ jinaṃ.
名为阿难的侍者,将侍奉那尊圣者。
‘‘‘Khemā uppalavaṇṇā ca, aggā hessanti sāvikā;
“洁摩及刚陀罗,成为女弟子中的首领;
Anāsavā vītarāgā, santacittā samāhitā;
远离烦恼、无染着,安住定静的心;
Bodhi tassa bhagavato, assatthoti pavuccatī’’’ti. (bu. vaṃ. 2.60-68);
被称为世尊菩提的护持者。”(引自《丛书》卷二,第六十至六十八偈)
Taṃ sutvā sumedhatāpaso – ‘‘mayhaṃ kira patthanā samijjhissatī’’ti somanassappatto ahosi. Mahājano dīpaṅkaradasabalassa vacanaṃ sutvā ‘‘sumedhatāpaso kira buddhabījaṃ buddhaṅkuro’’ti haṭṭhatuṭṭho ahosi. Evañcassa ahosi – ‘‘yathā nāma manussā nadiṃ tarantā ujukena titthena uttarituṃ asakkontā heṭṭhātitthena uttaranti, evameva mayampi dīpaṅkaradasabalassa sāsane maggaphalaṃ alabhamānā anāgate yadā tvaṃ buddho bhavissasi, tadā tava sammukhā maggaphalaṃ sacchikātuṃ samatthā bhaveyyāmā’’ti patthanaṃ ṭhapayiṃsu. Dīpaṅkaradasabalopi bodhisattaṃ pasaṃsitvā aṭṭhapupphamuṭṭhīhi pūjetvā padakkhiṇaṃ katvā pakkāmi. Tepi catusatasahassasaṅkhā khīṇāsavā bodhisattaṃ gandhehi ca mālāhi ca pūjetvā padakkhiṇaṃ katvā pakkamiṃsu. Devamanussā pana tatheva pūjetvā vanditvā pakkantā.
闻此言后,苏美达达帕索心生欢喜,想:“定能成就我的愿望。”大师听了迪班伽罗大萨巴拉的教诲,心中欢喜,称其为佛陀种子、成佛之根。于是他说:“正如人渡河,若不能由正渡口顺利前行,便由下游渡过一样,我若今后依迪班伽罗大萨巴拉的教法获得道果,当你成佛时,我当能亲见于你而证道果。”由此立定心志。迪班伽罗大萨巴拉也赞叹菩萨,双手合十顶礼,绕三转后离去。同样有三十四万俱胝众的无染菩萨,以香花缨络庄严礼敬,绕三转而去。天人及人众亦如是礼敬、顶礼后而离去。
Bodhisatto sabbesaṃ paṭikkantakāle sayanā vuṭṭhāya ‘‘pāramiyo vicinissāmī’’ti puppharāsimatthake pallaṅkaṃ ābhujitvā nisīdi. Evaṃ nisinne bodhisatte sakaladasasahassacakkavāḷe devatā sādhukāraṃ datvā ‘‘ayya sumedhatāpasa, porāṇakabodhisattānaṃ pallaṅkaṃ ābhujitvā ‘pāramiyo vicinissāmā’ti nisinnakāle yāni pubbanimittāni nāma paññāyanti, tāni sabbānipi ajja pātubhūtāni, nissaṃsayena tvaṃ buddho bhavissasi. Mayametaṃ jānāma ‘yassetāni nimittāni paññāyanti, ekantena so buddho hoti’, tvaṃ attano vīriyaṃ daḷhaṃ katvā paggaṇhā’’ti bodhisattaṃ nānappakārāhi thutīhi abhitthaviṃsu. Tena vuttaṃ –
当菩萨退避一切时,卧倒后起身,端坐于铺有鲜花的床榻之上,说:『我要观察度法。』菩萨如此端坐时,万千世界轮回中的天众,欢喜赞叹作善事,对他说:『善德修行者苏敏达热行者,古老菩萨端坐于铺有床榻上,说“我要观察度法”时,所有此前预示的前迹现今皆已显现,无疑汝必成佛。我们知道“以此预示者为准,必成一切正觉者”,愿汝坚定自身精进,牢记接受。』天众以各种赞美之辞围绕菩萨。对此曾说:
‘‘Idaṃ sutvāna vacanaṃ, asamassa mahesino;
『听闻此言,尊贵的至尊,无比欢喜的人们啊,这正是佛种子。』
Āmoditā naramarū, buddhabījaṃ kira ayaṃ.
『人与天神皆欢喜,此人乃佛种也。』
‘‘Ukkuṭṭhisaddā vattanti, apphoṭenti hasanti ca;
『传闻冲天的呼声响起,爆裂出笑声,
Katañjalī namassanti, dasasahassī sadevakā.
双手合十敬礼,万众十千天人如是。』
‘‘Yadimassa lokanāthassa, virajjhissāma sāsanaṃ;
『对于这位世尊,我们当护持其教法,不让其离散;
Anāgatamhi addhāne, hessāma sammukhā imaṃ.
在未来的际遇中,我们将如是在此亲遇这法。
‘‘Yathā manussā nadiṃ tarantā, paṭititthaṃ virajjhiya;
譬如人们渡河,先令渡口清净无碍;
Heṭṭhā titthe gahetvāna, uttaranti mahānadiṃ.
然后在下岸处登岸,横渡大河到彼岸。
‘‘Evameva mayaṃ sabbe, yadi muñcāmimaṃ jinaṃ;
我们众亦如是,若能舍弃此胜者(指佛);
Anāgatamhi addhāne, hessāma sammukhā imaṃ.
在未来的际遇中,就必能如是亲遇此法。
‘‘Dīpaṅkaro lokavidū, āhutīnaṃ paṭiggaho;
地灯者,世间智者,受持供养之礼;
Mama kammaṃ pakittetvā, dakkhiṇaṃ pādamuddhari.
因着宣扬了我的善业,举起了右足。
‘‘Ye tatthāsuṃ jinaputtā, sabbe padakkhiṇamakaṃsu maṃ;
那些当时在场的圣者们,全都围绕着我转右。
Narā nāgā ca gandhabbā, abhivādetvāna pakkamuṃ.
人类、龙王及天乐神们,在顶礼之后纷纷退散。
‘‘Dassanaṃ me atikkante, sasaṅghe lokanāyake;
他们超越了观见,乃至整个僧团,堪称世间的导引。
Haṭṭhatuṭṭhena cittena, āsanā vuṭṭhahiṃ tadā.
当时我心起立,坐处随之站起。
‘‘Sukhena sukhito homi, pāmojjena pamodito;
因快乐而欢喜,我欢喜欢欣。
Pītiyā ca abhissanno, pallaṅkaṃ ābhujiṃ tadā.
当时因喜乐而心神安定,正坐于床榻上。
‘‘Pallaṅkena nisīditvā, evaṃ cintesahaṃ tadā;
我当时端坐于床榻,思惟如下:
‘Vasībhūto ahaṃ jhāne, abhiññāpāramiṃ gato.
‘我已成为禅定的主人,达到了超凡的神通通达境界。
‘‘‘Dasasahassilokamhi, isayo natthi me samā;
‘于这宏大的世界中,我没有可比的对手;
Asamo iddhidhammesu, alabhiṃ īdisaṃ sukhaṃ’.
在各类神通法中无人能比,我已得到无上安乐。
‘‘Pallaṅkābhujane mayhaṃ, dasasahassādhivāsino;
对我而言,同眠于床榻上的有万人之众。
Mahānādaṃ pavattesuṃ, dhuvaṃ buddho bhavissasi.
必当发出大声音者,必定成就佛陀。
‘‘Yā pubbe bodhisattānaṃ, pallaṅkavaramābhuje;
过去诸多菩萨,曾享用华盖之座;
Nimittāni padissanti, tāni ajja padissare.
种种相迹显现,今日将再显现。
‘‘Sītaṃ byāpagataṃ hoti, uṇhañca upasammati;
寒凉普遍现起,炎热得以消退;
Tāni ajja padissanti, dhuvaṃ buddho bhavissasi.
种种相迹显现,必定成就佛陀。
‘‘Dasasahassī lokadhātū, nissaddā honti nirākulā;
十万亿世界,寂然未变且安稳;
Tāni ajja padissanti, dhuvaṃ buddho bhavissasi.
这些事情今天将会显现,世尊必定成佛无疑。
‘‘Mahāvātā na vāyanti, na sandanti savantiyo;
狂风既不吹拂,也不缠绕这些芽节;
Tāni ajja padissanti, dhuvaṃ buddho bhavissasi.
这些事情今天将会显现,世尊必定成佛无疑。
‘‘Thalajā dakajā pupphā, sabbe pupphanti tāvade;
土生、水生的花朵,皆在此时绽放;
Tepajja pupphitā sabbe, dhuvaṃ buddho bhavissasi.
盛开于热处的花全都开放,世尊必定成佛无疑。
‘‘Latā vā yadi vā rukkhā, phalabhārā honti tāvade;
若是藤蔓或大树,都带有果实于此时;
Tepajja phalitā sabbe, dhuvaṃ buddho bhavissasi.
诸种极乐皆已成就,你必定成为不变的觉者。
‘‘Ākāsaṭṭhā ca bhūmaṭṭhā, ratanā jotanti tāvade;
天空广大,地厚实,宝物闪耀如彼一切;
Tepajja ratanā jotanti, dhuvaṃ buddho bhavissasi.
恰如宝物闪耀,你必定成为不变的觉者。
‘‘Mānusakā ca dibbā ca, turiyā vajjanti tāvade;
人间与天界众生皆欢喜,兴盛欢腾如彼;
Tepajjubho abhiravanti, dhuvaṃ buddho bhavissasi.
你必定欢欣乐意,必定成为不变的觉者。
‘‘Vicittapupphā gaganā, abhivassanti tāvade;
天空布满各色异花,斑斓绚烂如彼;
Tepi ajja pavassanti, dhuvaṃ buddho bhavissasi.
如今水灾泛滥,你必将成为坚定的觉者。
‘‘Mahāsamuddo ābhujati, dasasahassī pakampati;
“大海震动,水波澎湃,万象动荡不安;
Tepajjubho abhiravanti, dhuvaṃ buddho bhavissasi.
如今水灾汹涌澎湃,你必将成为坚定的觉者。
‘‘Nirayepi dasasahasse, aggī nibbanti tāvade;
“地狱中十万火焰仍未熄灭;
Tepajja nibbutā aggī, dhuvaṃ buddho bhavissasi.
如今火焰已尽熄灭,你必将成为坚定的觉者。
‘‘Vimalo hoti sūriyo, sabbā dissanti tārakā;
“太阳净明光洁,诸星皆显现光辉;
Tepi ajja padissanti, dhuvaṃ buddho bhavissasi.
他今日必将出生,必定成为正觉者。
‘‘Anovaṭṭhena udakaṃ, mahiyā ubbhijji tāvade;
如同水从山涧流出不断,
Tampajjubbhijjate mahiyā, dhuvaṃ buddho bhavissasi.
从山涧流出不息,必定成为正觉者。
‘‘Tārāgaṇā virocanti, nakkhattā gaganamaṇḍale;
众星辉映,闪耀天空之域,
Visākhā candimāyuttā, dhuvaṃ buddho bhavissasi.
伴月光辉映,必定成为正觉者。
‘‘Bilāsayā darīsayā, nikkhamanti sakāsayā;
如同流水静静流淌,从河岸流出;
Tepajja āsayā chuddhā, dhuvaṃ buddho bhavissasi.
若热情尽除,恒常证悟者必成正觉。
‘‘Na hoti arati sattānaṃ, santuṭṭhā honti tāvade;
众生无复贪嗔,满足于此时,当为满足众生,恒成正觉者。
Tepajja sabbe santuṭṭhā, dhuvaṃ buddho bhavissasi.
一切众生皆得满足,恒常证悟者必成正觉。
‘‘Rogā tadupasammanti, jighacchā ca vinassati;
病苦由此息灭,憎恨亦将消亡;
Tānipajja padissanti, dhuvaṃ buddho bhavissasi.
患难亦随之消散,恒常证悟者必成正觉。
‘‘Rāgo tadā tanu hoti, doso moho vinassati;
贪欲当时断除,嗔恨与迷惑亦灭除;
Tepajja vigatā sabbe, dhuvaṃ buddho bhavissasi.
三毒断尽者,一定成佛。
‘‘Bhayaṃ tadā na bhavati, ajjapetaṃ padissati;
那时无怖,身上现见白发;
Tena liṅgena jānāma, dhuvaṃ buddho bhavissasi.
依此标记知定,必成正觉佛陀。
‘‘Rajo nuddhaṃsati uddhaṃ, ajjapetaṃ padissati;
尘污自消散,上生清净光辉;
Tena liṅgena jānāma, dhuvaṃ buddho bhavissasi.
依此标记知定,必成正觉佛陀。
‘‘Aniṭṭhagandho pakkamati, dibbagandho pavāyati;
恶臭消散远离,天香遍布身上;
Sopajja vāyati gandho, dhuvaṃ buddho bhavissasi.
或彼以新生之气散布香气,汝必成为定觉之佛。
‘‘Sabbe devā padissanti, ṭhapayitvā arūpino;
一切天众将现于汝所,安置于无色界处;
Tepajja sabbe dissanti, dhuvaṃ buddho bhavissasi.
一切热气恒显现,汝必成为定觉之佛。
‘‘Yāvatā nirayā nāma, sabbe dissanti tāvade;
至于名为地狱者,众生皆显见于彼,
Tepajja sabbe dissanti, dhuvaṃ buddho bhavissasi.
一切热气恒显现,汝必成为定觉之佛。
‘‘Kuṭṭā kavāṭā selā ca, na hontāvaraṇā tadā;
当时如坑穴、门扉、岩石一般,非障碍之物也;
Ākāsabhūtā tepajja, dhuvaṃ buddho bhavissasi.
『天地虚空』者,无形无质;『热诚勤勉』者,恒常不变。你必成为坚固的正觉者。
‘‘Cutī ca upapatti ca, khaṇe tasmiṃ na vijjati;
「断灭与发生,在那刚一瞬间不复存在;
Tānipajja padissanti, dhuvaṃ buddho bhavissasi.
现在它们将出现,恒常你必成为正觉者。」
‘‘Daḷhaṃ paggaṇha vīriyaṃ, mā nivatta abhikkama;
「坚守精进劲力,不退转而勇猛前进;
Mayampetaṃ vijānāma, dhuvaṃ buddho bhavissasī’’ti. (bu. vaṃ. 2.70-107);
我们了解此理,恒常你必成为正觉者。」(本论华严 2.70-107)
Bodhisatto dīpaṅkaradasabalassa ca dasasahassacakkavāḷadevatānañca vacanaṃ sutvā bhiyyosomattāya sañjātussāho hutvā cintesi – ‘‘buddhā nāma amoghavacanā, natthi buddhānaṃ kathāya aññathattaṃ. Yathā hi ākāse khittaleḍḍussa patanaṃ dhuvaṃ, jātassa maraṇaṃ, rattikkhaye sūriyuggamanaṃ, āsayā nikkhantasīhassa sīhanādanadanaṃ, garugabbhāya itthiyā bhāramoropanaṃ dhuvaṃ avassambhāvī, evameva buddhānaṃ vacanaṃ nāma dhuvaṃ amoghaṃ, addhā ahaṃ buddho bhavissāmī’’ti. Tena vuttaṃ –
菩萨闻得火苗长者及其十万天界诸天的言语,更加产生彼坚心,起持久的精进意志,思惟曰:「佛的言语确实无误,佛的言教没有其他种类。譬如虚空中岩石砾石的落下、生命的生灭、夜尽之时太阳升起、狮子吼声发出、母鸟负子飞翔等现象,都是必然发生且无误,佛之说法亦然,必定无疑无误,坚定不动,我必定成佛。」于是,于彼处有言教说—
‘‘Buddhassa vacanaṃ sutvā, dasasahassīna cūbhayaṃ;
听闻世尊的话语,当时与一万名众皆感心欢喜,
Tuṭṭhahaṭṭho pamodito, evaṃ cintesahaṃ tadā.
心中满足欢悦,如此思惟当时之情形。
‘‘Advejjhavacanā buddhā, amoghavacanā jinā;
世尊所说之言,无嗔恨之言,是胜利者的无失之语,
Vitathaṃ natthi buddhānaṃ, dhuvaṃ buddho bhavāmahaṃ.
决无虚妄,佛陀所说真实确实,如此我必成为不退转佛。
‘‘Yathā khittaṃ nabhe leḍḍu, dhuvaṃ patati bhūmiyaṃ;
正如天空中沉落之球果,必定无疑坠落于地,
Tatheva buddhaseṭṭhānaṃ, vacanaṃ dhuvasassataṃ;
佛及佛陀所说者,言语真实永恒不变。
Vitathaṃ natthi buddhānaṃ, dhuvaṃ buddho bhavāmahaṃ.
无有虚妄,世尊真实存在,我恒常为佛。
‘‘Yathāpi sabbasattānaṃ, maraṇaṃ dhuvasassataṃ;
譬如一切众生中,死亡断灭是永恒不变,
Tatheva buddhaseṭṭhānaṃ, vacanaṃ dhuvasassataṃ.
佛陀至尊者之言亦如是,乃恒久不灭真语。
‘‘Yathā rattikkhaye patte, sūriyuggamanaṃ dhuvaṃ;
如夜尽日出,昼夜交替恒常不变,
Tatheva buddhaseṭṭhānaṃ, vacanaṃ dhuvasassataṃ.
佛陀至尊者之言亦如是,乃恒久不灭真语。
‘‘Yathā nikkhantasayanassa, sīhassa nadanaṃ dhuvaṃ;
如沉睡之狮发声,虽息止其吼声犹存,
Tatheva buddhaseṭṭhānaṃ, vacanaṃ dhuvasassataṃ.
正如佛陀所说,此语言永恒不灭。
‘‘Yathā āpannasattānaṃ, bhāramoropanaṃ dhuvaṃ;
正如众生承受重担,这重负是永恒的;
Tatheva buddhaseṭṭhānaṃ, vacanaṃ dhuvasassata’’nti. (bu. vaṃ. 2.108-114);
同样,佛陀所承受的语言也是永恒不灭的。」(出自《佛本生经续》卷二,第108至114偈)
So ‘‘dhuvāhaṃ buddho bhavissāmī’’ti evaṃ katasanniṭṭhāno buddhakārake dhamme upadhāretuṃ – ‘‘kahaṃ nu kho buddhakārakā dhammā, kiṃ uddhaṃ, udāhu adho, disāvidisāsū’’ti anukkamena sakalaṃ dhammadhātuṃ vicinanto porāṇakabodhisattehi āsevitanisevitaṃ paṭhamaṃ dānapāramiṃ disvā evaṃ attānaṃ ovadi – ‘‘sumedhapaṇḍita, tvaṃ ito paṭṭhāya paṭhamaṃ dānapāramiṃ pūreyyāsi. Yathā hi nikkujjito udakakumbho nissesaṃ katvā udakaṃ vamatiyeva, na paccāharati, evameva dhanaṃ vā yasaṃ vā puttadāraṃ vā aṅgapaccaṅgaṃ vā anoloketvā sampattayācakānaṃ sabbaṃ icchiticchitaṃ nissesaṃ katvā dadamāno bodhimūle nisīditvā buddho bhavissasī’’ti paṭhamaṃ dānapāramiṃ daḷhaṃ katvā adhiṭṭhāsi. Tena vuttaṃ –
于是,心念决定说『我必将成佛』,以此心志于成佛因缘法中住持——他便谨慎观察:『成佛之因法究竟何在?是向上、向下,还是诸方四向?』如此遍查一切法界,像古时的菩萨那样广传广修,首重布施波罗蜜,见此便谆谆劝诫自己说:『聪慧明达者啊,你现在开始应当完成第一布施波罗蜜。正如干涸的水罐用尽了水而流出水,不再回取;犹如如此,财富、声誉、子女、器物,无一窥视地将其全部舍出,满足托钵人所求,坐于觉悟之树下,必成佛者。』他坚定地实行第一布施波罗蜜,立志不退。因之如是教说:
‘‘Handa buddhakare dhamme, vicināmi ito cito;
『看啊,在成佛因法中,我细心遍察,
Uddhaṃ adho dasa disā, yāvatā dhammadhātuyā.
六方上下十方,尽是法界遍及。』
‘‘Vicinanto tadā dakkhiṃ, paṭhamaṃ dānapāramiṃ;
当时观察四方,应当首先行布施波罗蜜;
Pubbakehi mahesīhi, anuciṇṇaṃ mahāpathaṃ.
在先前众多王后之中,不曾修行过的广大正道,
‘‘Imaṃ tvaṃ paṭhamaṃ tāva, daḷhaṃ katvā samādiya;
你当将此最初波罗蜜坚固成就,亲自持守,
Dānapāramitaṃ gaccha, yadi bodhiṃ pattumicchasi.
若意欲证得觉悟,当当精进行布施波罗蜜。
‘‘Yathāpi kumbho sampuṇṇo, yassa kassaci adhokato;
譬如满盈的水缸,有人自上倒入水,
Vamatevudakaṃ nissesaṃ, na tattha parirakkhati.
从一侧尽数洒落,无有保持不失;
‘‘Tatheva yācake disvā, hīnamukkaṭṭhamajjhime;
“同样地,看见乞丐处于贫穷丑陋之中,
Dadāhi dānaṃ nissesaṃ, kumbho viya adhokato’’ti. (bu. vaṃ. 2.115-119);
无所保留地给予施舍,好如瓮器一般被搁置。”(《增支部·缘行品》2.115-119);
Athassa ‘‘na ettakeheva buddhakārakadhammehi bhavitabba’’nti uttarimpi upadhārayato dutiyaṃ sīlapāramiṃ disvā etadahosi – ‘‘sumedhapaṇḍita, tvaṃ ito paṭṭhāya sīlapāramimpi pūreyyāsi. Yathā hi camarī migo nāma jīvitaṃ anoloketvā attano vālameva rakkhati, evaṃ tvampi ito paṭṭhāya jīvitampi anoloketvā sīlameva rakkhamāno buddho bhavissasī’’ti dutiyaṃ sīlapāramiṃ daḷhaṃ katvā adhiṭṭhāsi. Tena vuttaṃ –
继而,他思惟说:“不应只凭此类佛之行所成就的功德而止步”,便转向后方,见到了第二种戒波罗蜜,心中了悟——“聪慧的贤者,你今后应当以此为依凭,充实戒波罗蜜。就如草原上的鹿只守护自己的性命一样,你也应依此全心守护生命,出家后成为觉者。”他坚定了第二波罗蜜——戒波罗蜜,立下誓愿。由此而说:
‘‘Na hete ettakāyeva, buddhadhammā bhavissare;
“不是仅凭此躯壳,方能成就佛法;
Aññepi vicinissāmi, ye dhammā bodhipācanā.
我还将深入考察,其他启发觉悟的法门。
‘‘Vicinanto tadā dakkhiṃ, dutiyaṃ sīlapāramiṃ;
“当他探究后方之时,即第二戒波罗蜜;
Pubbakehi mahesīhi, āsevitanisevitaṃ.
于先前诸大夫人中,常被亲近而侍奉。
‘‘Imaṃ tvaṃ dutiyaṃ tāva, daḷhaṃ katvā samādiya;
『此乃你第二次,应当坚定执持,
Sīlapāramitaṃ gaccha, yadi bodhiṃ pattumicchasi.
修行戒波罗蜜若欲证得觉悟。
‘‘Yathāpi camarī vālaṃ, kismiñci paṭilaggitaṃ;
正如剑柄尾端,无论附着于何,
Upeti maraṇaṃ tattha, na vikopeti vāladhiṃ.
必然至死而不损其尾端。
‘‘Tatheva catūsu bhūmīsu, sīlāni paripūraya;
亦如是在四种境界中,圆满具足戒律;
Parirakkha sadā sīlaṃ, camarī viya vāladhi’’nti. (bu. vaṃ. 2.120-124);
戒律是恒常的保护,犹如盾牌一样的护卫。
Athassa ‘‘na ettakeheva buddhakārakadhammehi bhavitabba’’nti uttarimpi upadhārayato tatiyaṃ nekkhammapāramiṃ disvā etadahosi – ‘‘sumedhapaṇḍita, tvaṃ ito paṭṭhāya nekkhammapāramimpi pūreyyāsi. Yathā hi ciraṃ bandhanāgāre vasamāno puriso na tattha sinehaṃ karoti, atha kho ukkaṇṭhatiyeva, avasitukāmo hoti, evameva tvampi sabbabhave bandhanāgārasadise katvā sabbabhavehi ukkaṇṭhito muccitukāmo hutvā nekkhammābhimukhova hohi. Evaṃ buddho bhavissasī’’ti tatiyaṃ nekkhammapāramiṃ daḷhaṃ katvā adhiṭṭhāsi. Tena vuttaṃ –
于是,由于回答说「不应仅凭如此些许的佛行法门而成就诸行」,他转而观察第三种出离波罗蜜,心念道——「明智之人,你今已立此为根基,应将出离波罗蜜圆满。正如长期囚禁于牢狱中的人,不生爱恋之心,却反生焦躁不安,渴望出离牢狱;你因见世间如牢狱,对诸法生厌离而渴望解脱,正当努力向出离而行,如此,未来可为佛。」于是他坚立坚定第三种出离波罗蜜。对此有言——
‘‘Na hete ettakāyeva, buddhadhammā bhavissare;
「非仅在此肉身中,佛法尚未来临;
Aññepi vicinissāmi, ye dhammā bodhipācanā.
我还要考察他处,诸引发觉悟的法门。
‘‘Vicinanto tadā dakkhiṃ, tatiyaṃ nekkhammapāramiṃ;
于是考察后,确认第三种出离波罗蜜;
Pubbakehi mahesīhi, āsevitanisevitaṃ.
正如先辈大圣所行,安住奉行者所修。」
‘‘Imaṃ tvaṃ tatiyaṃ tāva, daḷhaṃ katvā samādiya;
「此第三义,当汝坚固而得持守;
Nekkhammapāramitaṃ gaccha, yadi bodhiṃ pattumicchasi.
当修出离波罗蜜,若汝欲得菩提。」
‘‘Yathā andughare puriso, ciravuttho dukhaṭṭito;
「犹如盲人久盲,身长病痛难自处;
Na tattha rāgaṃ janeti, muttimeva gavesati.
彼处不生爱欲,一心只求自由解脱。
‘‘Tatheva tvaṃ sabbabhave, passa andugharaṃ viya;
汝亦如是观诸有为,如盲人般;
Nekkhammābhimukho hohi, bhavato parimuttiyā’’ti. (bu. vaṃ. 2.125-129);
当向出离正转心意,以求汝之解脱。」(《增支部·卷二》125-129)
Athassa ‘‘na ettakeheva buddhakārakadhammehi bhavitabba’’nti uttarimpi upadhārayato catutthaṃ paññāpāramiṃ disvā etadahosi – ‘‘sumedhapaṇḍita, tvaṃ ito paṭṭhāya paññāpāramimpi pūreyyāsi. Hīnamajjhimukkaṭṭhesu kañci avajjetvā sabbepi paṇḍite upasaṅkamitvā pañhaṃ puccheyyāsi. Yathā hi piṇḍapātiko bhikkhu hīnādibhedesu kulesu kiñci avajjetvā paṭipāṭiyā piṇḍāya caranto khippaṃ yāpanaṃ labhati, evaṃ tvampi sabbapaṇḍite upasaṅkamitvā pañhaṃ pucchanto buddho bhavissasī’’ti catutthaṃ paññāpāramiṃ daḷhaṃ katvā adhiṭṭhāsi. Tena vuttaṃ –
于是,当回答说『不应止步于仅仅这几种佛所作之事』时,觉慧周全的贤者看到了第四种智慧度波罗蜜,心想——『慧明之士,汝当从此处着手,完成智慧波罗蜜。若在下劣、中等、上等诸族群中,弃捐某些而亲近智慧之人,发问其疑,亦如托钵乞食的比库,弃诸卑贱、等第较低的宗族群,依次乞食而快速得食,汝亦当如此,亲近诸智慧人,问其疑惑。如此,必当成就如来。』于是坚固精进第四智慧波罗蜜,坚定不移。世尊如是说:
‘‘Na hete ettakāyeva, buddhadhammā bhavissare;
『不止于这一躯体,必定成佛所作的法;
Aññepi vicinissāmi, ye dhammā bodhipācanā.
我还要考察其他,诸令觉法的现象。
‘‘Vicinanto tadā dakkhiṃ, catutthaṃ paññāpāramiṃ;
正在考察时,发现第四智慧波罗蜜,
Pubbakehi mahesīhi, āsevitanisevitaṃ.
乃前辈大圣所亲习遵行。
‘‘Imaṃ tvaṃ catutthaṃ tāva, daḷhaṃ katvā samādiya;
这第四智慧波罗蜜,务必坚固摄受,
Paññāpāramitaṃ gaccha, yadi bodhiṃ pattumicchasi.
你当修行智慧度,若欲达到觉悟。
‘‘Yathāpi bhikkhu bhikkhanto, hīnamukkaṭṭhamajjhime;
如同比库在乞食中,处于低湿之处偏中间;
Kulāni na vivajjento, evaṃ labhati yāpanaṃ.
不分散家族众多财物,亦复得其食之供给。
‘‘Tatheva tvaṃ sabbakālaṃ, paripucchaṃ budhaṃ janaṃ;
尔时你当恒常,恭敬询问觉者圣人;
Paññāpāramitaṃ gantvā, sambodhiṃ pāpuṇissasī’’ti. (bu. vaṃ. 2.130-134);
修持智慧度,终能得至正觉。」(卷五,品第二,节130至134)
Athassa ‘‘na ettakeheva buddhakārakadhammehi bhavitabba’’nti uttarimpi upadhārayato pañcamaṃ vīriyapāramiṃ disvā etadahosi – ‘‘sumedhapaṇḍita, tvaṃ ito paṭṭhāya vīriyapāramimpi pūreyyāsi, yathā hi sīho migarājā sabbiriyāpathesu daḷhavīriyo hoti, evaṃ tvampi sabbabhavesu sabbiriyāpathesu daḷhavīriyo anolīnavīriyo samāno buddho bhavissasī’’ti pañcamaṃ vīriyapāramiṃ daḷhaṃ katvā adhiṭṭhāsi. Tena vuttaṃ –
复有答曰:『非仅凭此等成佛之因缘,而应行此第五波罗蜜——精进波罗蜜。』由此,见第五波罗蜜精进波罗蜜,谓曰:『智慧聪慧者,你应从此起,充满精进波罗蜜。如同狮王于诸野兽王中,力勇坚猛不屈;你亦于一切世间诸森林野兽中,力勇坚定不动,必成佛道。』于是以坚定不移精进波罗蜜,立志为坚强。是故说——
‘‘Na hete ettakāyeva, buddhadhammā bhavissare;
「诸佛法不独存于此一身;
Aññepi vicinissāmi, ye dhammā bodhipācanā.
我亦当观察其他诸法,见何法能启发觉悟。」
‘‘Vicinanto tadā dakkhiṃ, pañcamaṃ vīriyapāramiṃ;
「当时观察即朝向第五波罗蜜——精进波罗蜜;
Pubbakehi mahesīhi, āsevitanisevitaṃ.
这精进在历代大神王长期修习所成。」
‘‘Imaṃ tvaṃ pañcamaṃ tāva, daḷhaṃ katvā samādiya;
「尔时你当坚固把持此第五波罗蜜,
Vīriyapāramitaṃ gaccha, yadi bodhiṃ pattumicchasi.
若欲得道,便当修行精进波罗蜜。」
‘‘Yathāpi sīho migarājā, nisajjaṭṭhānacaṅkame;
譬如狮王之王,虽坐于处而不转移步履,
Alīnavīriyo hoti, paggahitamano sadā.
其精进不懈怠,心念常专一护持。
‘‘Tatheva tvaṃ sabbabhave, paggaṇha vīriyaṃ daḷhaṃ;
汝亦当于一切世间,坚执持久精进,
Vīriyapāramitaṃ gantvā, sambodhiṃ pāpuṇissasī’’ti. (bu. vaṃ. 2.135-139);
持行精进波罗蜜,终将证悟无上正等觉。」(《布施律》卷二135-139)
Athassa ‘‘na ettakeheva buddhakārakadhammehi bhavitabba’’nti uttarimpi upadhārayato chaṭṭhaṃ khantipāramiṃ disvā etadahosi – ‘‘sumedhapaṇḍita, tvaṃ ito paṭṭhāya khantipāramimpi pūreyyāsi, sammānanepi avamānanepi khamova bhaveyyāsi. Yathā hi pathaviyaṃ nāma sucimpi nikkhipanti asucimpi, na tena pathavī sinehaṃ paṭighaṃ karoti, khamati sahati adhivāsetiyeva, evameva tvampi sammānanepi avamānanepi khamova samāno buddho bhavissasī’’ti chaṭṭhaṃ khantipāramiṃ daḷhaṃ katvā adhiṭṭhāsi. Tena vuttaṃ –
尔时彼言:「不可仅凭此等成佛因缘而为。」又为作答,见坚忍波罗蜜第六,谓曰:「智慧善人,应由此处起始,圆满坚忍波罗蜜,于尊敬及轻慢皆应如法忍受。犹如大地堪能载净秽而不生嗔恚,包容承载不移其位。汝亦如是,于尊敬与轻慢之间皆应等法忍耐,必成佛道。」于是坚执第六坚忍波罗蜜而立志。传曰:
‘‘Na hete ettakāyeva, buddhadhammā bhavissare;
「佛法非由此躯体而有成就;
Aññepi vicinissāmi, ye dhammā bodhipācanā.
我还要思惟那些能够引发觉悟的法。
‘‘Vicinanto tadā dakkhiṃ, chaṭṭhamaṃ khantipāramiṃ;
当时思惟时,正观察第六种忍波罗蜜,
Pubbakehi mahesīhi, āsevitanisevitaṃ.
这是由先前诸大德所推行、实践的。
‘‘Imaṃ tvaṃ chaṭṭhamaṃ tāva, daḷhaṃ katvā samādiya;
你当正坚固地安住于此第六种忍波罗蜜,
Tattha advejjhamānaso, sambodhiṃ pāpuṇissasi.
内心不怀怨恨,即能获得圆满觉悟。
‘‘Yathāpi pathavī nāma, sucimpi asucimpi ca;
如同大地既清净又不清净一样;
Sabbaṃ sahati nikkhepaṃ, na karoti paṭighaṃ tayā.
一切忍耐于放弃,不生恚恨于彼,
‘‘Tatheva tvampi sabbesaṃ, sammānāvamānakkhamo;
因此你当于一切众生中,对尊敬与轻慢皆不动摇;
Khantipāramitaṃ gantvā, sambodhiṃ pāpuṇissasī’’ti. (bu. vaṃ. 2.140-144);
修行忍辱度到彼岸,必将证得无上正等觉耶。」(《佛遗教经》 第2卷 140-144偈)
Athassa ‘‘na ettakeheva buddhakārakadhammehi bhavitabba’’nti uttarimpi upadhārayato sattamaṃ saccapāramiṃ disvā etadahosi – ‘‘sumedhapaṇḍita, tvaṃ ito paṭṭhāya saccapāramimpi pūreyyāsi, asaniyā matthake patamānāyapi dhanādīnaṃ atthāya chandādīnaṃ vasena sampajānamusāvādaṃ nāma mā bhāsi. Yathā hi osadhī tārakā nāma sabbautūsu attano gamanavīthiṃ jahitvā aññāya vīthiyā na gacchati, sakavīthiyāva gacchati, evameva tvampi saccaṃ pahāya musāvādaṃ nāma avadantoyeva buddho bhavissasī’’ti sattamaṃ saccapāramiṃ daḷhaṃ katvā adhiṭṭhāsi. Tena vuttaṃ –
又言:「不应仅以如此佛所作诸功德为满足。」继而显现第七波罗蜜──真理波罗蜜。即云:「智慧聪明者,你当从此着手,充满真理波罗蜜。即便置身敌境之中,亦为财富等利益,及欲求等贪执之住处,绝不诳语虚妄。正如药草名“导引”,虽行众路,必行自路,不改他道;你当舍弃真理而行妄语者,必非佛陀。」坚定第七真理波罗蜜,遂立誓修习。由此赞言:
‘‘Na hete ettakāyeva, buddhadhammā bhavissare;
「不但止于此形体,诸佛法亦将生起;
Aññepi vicinissāmi, ye dhammā bodhipācanā.
我亦当观察诸法,悉皆成就令觉悟者。」
‘‘Vicinanto tadā dakkhiṃ, sattamaṃ saccapāramiṃ;
‘‘当时观察右边,正第七个圣谛的波罗蜜;
Pubbakehi mahesīhi, āsevitanisevitaṃ.
这是先前诸大王后们所修习的、或受持的法门。
‘‘Imaṃ tvaṃ sattamaṃ tāva, daḷhaṃ katvā samādiya;
‘‘你应当坚决专注于这第七波罗蜜;
Tattha advejjhavacano, sambodhiṃ pāpuṇissasi.
在那里,以无瞋语,必将得至圆满觉悟。
‘‘Yathāpi osadhī nāma, tulābhūtā sadevake;
‘‘正如药草名谓之邮寄草,在诸天众中广为知晓;
Samaye utuvasse vā, na vokkamati vīthito.
于适当季节,无论雨季或旱季均不凋谢、不中断。
‘‘Tatheva tvampi saccesu, mā vokkamasi vīthito;
『你亦当于真实中,勿言行偏离;』
Saccapāramitaṃ gantvā, sambodhiṃ pāpuṇissasī’’ti. (bu. vaṃ. 2.145-149);
『若达真实波罗蜜,将得正觉果』。——(《比库尼传》卷第二,页145-149)
Athassa ‘‘na ettakeheva buddhakārakadhammehi bhavitabba’’nti uttarimpi upadhārayato aṭṭhamaṃ adhiṭṭhānapāramiṃ disvā etadahosi – ‘‘sumedhapaṇḍita, tvaṃ ito paṭṭhāya adhiṭṭhānapāramimpi pūreyyāsi, yaṃ adhiṭṭhāsi, tasmiṃ adhiṭṭhāne niccalova bhaveyyāsi. Yathā hi pabbato nāma sabbāsu disāsu vātehi pahaṭo na kampati na calati, attano ṭhāneyeva tiṭṭhati, evameva tvampi attano adhiṭṭhāne niccalo hontova buddho bhavissasī’’ti aṭṭhamaṃ adhiṭṭhānapāramiṃ daḷhaṃ katvā adhiṭṭhāsi. Tena vuttaṃ –
彼时有人问曰:『不宜仅凭此等如佛所作之事而行』。对此,观第八布施波罗蜜后,以第八精进波罗蜜比拟,释说曰:『明慧智者!尔自此处发心,令第八布施波罗蜜圆满。尔所立之心,必如斯坚固。彼如高山巍然,四面风烈,然其不动,其立固矣。尔亦当如是,在自我所立之处,不动不摇,必成佛也』。以此坚固第八布施波罗蜜,立心不退。其意昭然如是,曰:
‘‘Na hete ettakāyeva, buddhadhammā bhavissare;
『非因此一躯体,必成佛法;
Aññepi vicinissāmi, ye dhammā bodhipācanā.
吾将复寻诸法,皆令成佛道。』
‘‘Vicinanto tadā dakkhiṃ, aṭṭhamaṃ adhiṭṭhānapāramiṃ;
『正当审察时,即即第八布施波罗蜜;』
Pubbakehi mahesīhi, āsevitanisevitaṃ.
由先前的大夫人们所亲近侍奉,常受其侍奉。
‘‘Imaṃ tvaṃ aṭṭhamaṃ tāva, daḷhaṃ katvā samādiya;
『你今应以坚定不移,恪守这第八戒律;
Tattha tvaṃ acalo hutvā, sambodhiṃ pāpuṇissasi.
在那里你若能坚定不动,必将证得完全觉悟。
‘‘Yathāpi pabbato selo, acalo suppatiṭṭhito;
如同山岩巍然,稳固而端正;
Na kampati bhusavātehi, sakaṭṭhāneva tiṭṭhati.
不为狂风暴雨所动摇,正如车轮停立其上。
‘‘Tatheva tvampi adhiṭṭhāne, sabbadā acalo bhava;
你亦应常当以此坚定固守,不为一切所动摇;』
Adhiṭṭhānapāramitaṃ gantvā, sambodhiṃ pāpuṇissasī’’ti. (bu. vaṃ. 2.150-154);
成就坚定布施波罗蜜,必当证得无上正觉。
Athassa ‘‘na ettakeheva buddhakārakadhammehi bhavitabba’’nti uttarimpi upadhārayato navamaṃ mettāpāramiṃ disvā etadahosi – ‘‘sumedhapaṇḍita, tvaṃ ito paṭṭhāya mettāpāramimpi pūreyyāsi, hitesupi ahitesupi ekacitto bhaveyyāsi. Yathā hi udakaṃ nāma pāpajanassapi kalyāṇajanassapi sītabhāvaṃ ekasadisaṃ katvā pharati, evameva tvampi sabbesu sattesu mettacittena ekacittova honto buddho bhavissasī’’ti navamaṃ mettāpāramiṃ daḷhaṃ katvā adhiṭṭhāsi. Tena vuttaṃ –
于是有人说:「不应仅以这些小小的成佛因缘而修行。」对此,世尊提醒说:第九波罗蜜是慈心波罗蜜。如此说:『聪慧者啊!你由此开始修习慈心波罗蜜,就能圆满此波罗蜜,无论对有益者或无益者都心无分别。正如水对于善人恶人,皆能保持冰凉清净的性质,普遍而无差别地滋润流布一样,你若以慈心专一,则必成佛。』坚固精进修持第九波罗蜜慈心之后,于是宣说说法:
‘‘Na hete ettakāyeva, buddhadhammā bhavissare;
「不止于此诸躯壳内,必生佛法成就智慧;
Aññepi vicinissāmi, ye dhammā bodhipācanā.
我还深入探究,切察种种使觉悟之法。
‘‘Vicinanto tadā dakkhiṃ, navamaṃ mettāpāramiṃ;
审视的当下,专注于第九波罗蜜慈心波罗蜜;
Pubbakehi mahesīhi, āsevitanisevitaṃ.
在先前圣贤已探究、体验并依止之处。」
‘‘Imaṃ tvaṃ navamaṃ tāva, daḷhaṃ katvā samādiya;
「此乃汝第九次,不改其意,坚定而具足,禀受之:
Mettāya asamo hohi, yadi bodhiṃ pattumicchasi.
勿使慈心不等,倘若欲致菩提之境。
‘‘Yathāpi udakaṃ nāma, kalyāṇe pāpake jane;
猶如水者,于善恶人平等,
Samaṃ pharati sītena, pavāheti rajomalaṃ.
凉凉和风送其四散。
‘‘Tatheva tvampi hitāhite, samaṃ mettāya bhāvaya;
尔亦应如此,于利害间以慈心平等而怀之;
Mettāpāramitaṃ gantvā, sambodhiṃ pāpuṇissasī’’ti. (bu. vaṃ. 2.155-159);
达慈波罗蜜,必得圆满菩提。」(《巴利注疏·卷二·第155-159偈》)
Athassa ‘‘na ettakeheva buddhakārakadhammehi bhavitabba’’nti uttarimpi upadhārayato dasamaṃ upekkhāpāramiṃ disvā etadahosi – ‘‘sumedhapaṇḍita, tvaṃ ito paṭṭhāya upekkhāpāramimpi pūreyyāsi, sukhepi dukkhepi majjhattova bhaveyyāsi. Yathā hi pathavī nāma sucimpi asucimpi pakkhipamāne majjhattāva hoti, evameva tvampi sukhadukkhesu majjhattova honto buddho bhavissasī’’ti dasamaṃ upekkhāpāramiṃ daḷhaṃ katvā adhiṭṭhāsi. Tena vuttaṃ –
于是,他心中了知:“不可仅凭这等佛所行功德而成就。”继而思惟第十不动境界,见此理后便生起此念:“智者须弥子,你自此以后,应当依止此第十不动境界而具足之,无论安乐或苦难都应居其中正中。正如大地对洁净与污秽持中不偏,汝亦应在乐与苦之间处于中道,成为佛陀。”于是他坚定作此第十不动境界,立志禅定。由此有言:
‘‘Na hete ettakāyeva, buddhadhammā bhavissare;
“佛法不仅生于此身体;
Aññepi vicinissāmi, ye dhammā bodhipācanā.
我亦当调伏他法,得生觉证法。
‘‘Vicinanto tadā dakkhiṃ, dasamaṃ upekkhāpāramiṃ;
当时观照南方,见第十不动境界;
Pubbakehi mahesīhi, āsevitanisevitaṃ.
乃至诸先佛所修清净法,已成就之处。
‘‘Imaṃ tvaṃ dasamaṃ tāva, daḷhaṃ katvā samādiya;
汝今须坚守此第十境界,精勤修持。”
Tulābhūto daḷho hutvā, sambodhiṃ pāpuṇissasi.
成为坚固如天平重,一旦如此,必得正觉。
‘‘Yathāpi pathavī nāma, nikkhittaṃ asuciṃ suciṃ;
如同大地名为地,虽污秽而终归清净,
Upekkhati ubhopete, kopānunayavajjitā.
平等对待双边,远离怒恨与怨恨。
‘‘Tatheva tvampi sukhadukkhe, tulābhūto sadā bhava;
你亦应恒常坚固于苦乐之间,
Upekkhāpāramitaṃ gantvā, sambodhiṃ pāpuṇissasī’’ti. (bu. vaṃ. 2.160-164);
『修圆满舍心,汝将证正觉。』(《佛史》第二品第一六〇至一六四偈)
Tato cintesi – ‘‘imasmiṃ loke bodhisattehi pūretabbā bodhiparipācanā buddhakārakadhammā ettakāyeva , dasa pāramiyo ṭhapetvā aññe natthi. Imāpi dasa pāramiyo uddhaṃ ākāsepi natthi, heṭṭhā pathaviyampi, puratthimādīsu disāsupi natthi, mayhaṃyeva pana hadayabbhantare patiṭṭhitā’’ti. Evaṃ tāsaṃ hadaye patiṭṭhitabhāvaṃ disvā sabbāpi tā daḷhaṃ katvā adhiṭṭhāya punappunaṃ sammasanto anulomapaṭilomaṃ sammasati, pariyante gahetvā ādiṃ pāpeti, ādimhi gahetvā pariyantaṃ pāpeti, majjhe gahetvā ubhato koṭiṃ pāpetvā osāpeti, ubhato koṭīsu gahetvā majjhaṃ pāpetvā osāpeti. Bāhirakabhaṇḍapariccāgo dānapāramī nāma, aṅgapariccāgo dānaupapāramī nāma, jīvitapariccāgo dānaparamatthapāramī nāmāti dasa pāramiyo dasa upapāramiyo dasa paramatthapāramiyoti samattiṃsa pāramiyo telayantaṃ vinivaṭṭento viya mahāmeruṃ matthaṃ katvā cakkavāḷamahāsamuddaṃ āluḷento viya ca sammasati. Tassevaṃ dasa pāramiyo sammasantassa dhammatejena catunahutādhikadviyojanasatasahassabahalā ayaṃ mahāpathavī hatthinā akkantanaḷakalāpo viya, pīḷiyamānaṃ ucchuyantaṃ viya ca mahāviravaṃ viravamānā saṅkampi sampakampi sampavedhi. Kulālacakkaṃ viya telayantacakkaṃ viya ca paribbhami. Tena vuttaṃ –
于是思惟:『在此世间,菩提萨埵应当充满并圆满行持成佛之因,十种度法为成佛具足者,除此之外无他。此十种度法既不在虚空的上面,也不在大地及东方等诸方,有如安住于我心中。因此见其安住于心之后,斟酌圆满此法,反复勤修,顺逆反复思惟,体持全备起始,体持全备完成,中间分割从两面持用,终结消除。持用外器具谓布施度,持用身分谓布施之次一度,持用生命谓布施最高成度。十种度法,十种次一度,十种最高成度,合称三十度,如同排开三重山,搅动轮回大海而波动翻滚。持修此三十度法者,其法力广大无量,能以象蹄之力踩踏山峦火焰似的烈焰,摧折毁灭。犹如陶轮,旋转如油滑转动之轮,旋绕不断。故有此经说——
‘‘Ettakāyeva te loke, ye dhammā bodhipācanā;
『如此身体』者,即世间中,具备使觉悟生起的法者。
Taduddhaṃ natthi aññatra, daḷhaṃ tattha patiṭṭhaha.
于彼唯有此义,别无他义,故当坚定依止此法。
‘‘Ime dhamme sammasato, sabhāvarasalakkhaṇe;
『谨守此法』者,意谓正观察此法,具备普遍相标记;
Dhammatejena vasudhā, dasasahassī pakampatha.
凭法力如烈焰燃烧,震动大地,达十万倍之威能。
‘‘Calati ravati pathavī, ucchuyantaṃva pīḷitaṃ;
土地颤动摇晃,像被猛烈轰击;
Telayante yathā cakkaṃ, evaṃ kampati medanī’’ti. (bu. vaṃ. 2.165-167);
胶轮起伏转动,故如牛车轮转动般,此脑也随之震动。」(《增支部·法集篇》卷二,第165至167偈)
Mahāpathaviyā kampamānāya rammanagaravāsino saṇṭhātuṃ asakkontā yugantavātabbhāhatā mahāsālā viya mucchitā papatiṃsu. Ghaṭādīni kulālabhājanāni pavaṭṭantāni aññamaññaṃ paharantāni cuṇṇavicuṇṇāni ahesuṃ. Mahājano bhītatasito satthāraṃ upasaṅkamitvā ‘‘kiṃ nu kho bhagavā nāgāvaṭṭo ayaṃ, bhūtayakkhadevatāsu aññatarāvaṭṭo vāti na hi mayaṃ etaṃ jānāma, apica kho sabbopi ayaṃ mahājano upadduto, kiṃ nu kho imassa lokassa pāpakaṃ bhavissati, udāhu kalyāṇaṃ, kathetha no etaṃ kāraṇa’’nti āha. Atha satthā tesaṃ kathaṃ sutvā ‘‘tumhe mā bhāyatha, mā cintayittha, natthi vo itonidānaṃ bhayaṃ. Yo so mayā ajja ‘sumedhapaṇḍito anāgate gotamo nāma buddho bhavissatī’ti byākato, so idāni dasa pāramiyo sammasati, tassa sammasantassa viloḷentassa dhammatejena sakaladasasahassī lokadhātu ekappahārena kampati ceva ravati cā’’ti āha. Tena vuttaṃ –
大地剧烈震动,乐城居民无法再安居,因暮气沉重,如同大殿倒塌般晕迷跌倒。陶罐等器皿纷纷翻滚,彼此碰撞,破碎不堪。众多人民惊惧恐慌,走向世尊,问道:‘尊者,这是否龙神环绕之地?众多鬼神天人环绕其中?我们对此全然不知,况且诸众皆感不安,这世界必遭厄难乎?反倒成就大利,难道这就是缘故?’世尊闻彼语曰:‘汝等勿畏,勿忧虑,如今此地无有恐怖。今日我已宣说:将来有名为古达摩的圣者成正觉者,彼现已具足十种波罗蜜,波罗蜜胜利者,其法威力震动千万世界,如雷如震。’于是世尊说此。
‘‘Yāvatā parisā āsi, buddhassa parivesane;
‘至今有众会聚集,奉伴身边如佛的随从;
Pavedhamānā sā tattha, mucchitā sesi bhūmiyā.
近居于彼处,恍若沉溺于土地,昏迷不醒。
‘‘Ghaṭānekasahassāni, kumbhīnañca satā bahū;
“数千陶罐,数百水罐皆存;
Sañcuṇṇamathitā tattha, aññamaññaṃ paghaṭṭitā.
彼此厮磨,互相撞击,破碎纷纷。
‘‘Ubbiggā tasitā bhītā, bhantā byathitamānasā;
彼等惊恐丧胆,主众心痛悲伤;”
Mahājanā samāgamma, dīpaṅkaramupāgamuṃ.
大众聚集,前来礼敬提婆安卡尊者。
‘‘Kiṃ bhavissati lokassa, kalyāṇamatha pāpakaṃ;
『世间将会如何,为善或为恶;
Sabbo upadduto loko, taṃ vinodehi cakkhuma.
世间全都陷入乱乱,请你以智慧来调伏。』
‘‘Tesaṃ tadā saññāpesi, dīpaṅkaro mahāmuni;
那时提婆安卡这位大神圣者告知他们:
Vissatthā hotha mā bhātha, imasmiṃ pathavikampane.
『愿你们一切安乐,不得动摇,此土地不再震颤。』
‘‘Yamahaṃ ajja byākāsiṃ, ‘buddho loke bhavissati’;
『今我宣说:“世间将出现佛陀。”』
Eso sammasati dhammaṃ, pubbakaṃ jinasevitaṃ.
此处正念所观之法,乃先佛所弘传之教法。
‘‘Tassa sammasato dhammaṃ, buddhabhūmiṃ asesato;
『彼于此正念所观之法,是与佛地相续不绝。』
Tenāyaṃ kampitā pathavī, dasasahassī sadevake’’ti. (bu. vaṃ. 2.168-174);
因此,此地震动,这十千天众共震动。」(《佛遗教经》卷二168-174)
Mahājano tathāgatassa vacanaṃ sutvā haṭṭhatuṭṭho mālāgandhavilepanaṃ ādāya rammanagarā nikkhamitvā bodhisattaṃ upasaṅkamitvā mālāgandhādīhi pūjetvā vanditvā padakkhiṇaṃ katvā rammanagarameva pāvisi. Bodhisattopi dasa pāramiyo sammasitvā vīriyaṃ daḷhaṃ katvā adhiṭṭhāya nisinnāsanā vuṭṭhāsi. Tena vuttaṃ –
大德闻如来之言,心生欢喜,携带花环和香膏,离开娱乐之城,前往菩提树下近侍菩萨,以花和香礼敬供养,绕行礼拜后复入娱乐之城。菩萨亦观十波罗蜜,精进坚固,坚立志愿,坐而起立。因之而说:
‘‘Buddhassa vacanaṃ sutvā, mano nibbāyi tāvade;
『闻佛之言,心即得至宁静,
Sabbe maṃ upasaṅkamma, punāpi abhivandisuṃ.
众皆来近,我亦复礼拜敬尊。』
‘‘Samādiyitvā buddhaguṇaṃ, daḷhaṃ katvāna mānasaṃ;
“摄持佛陀之德,坚固守护心念;
Dīpaṅkaraṃ namassitvā, āsanā vuṭṭhahiṃ tadā’’ti. (bu. vaṃ. 2.175-176);
顶礼提婆曷罗,然后起坐。”(布施经·卷二·175-176)
Atha bodhisattaṃ āsanā vuṭṭhahantaṃ sakaladasasahassacakkavāḷadevatā sannipatitvā dibbehi mālāgandhehi pūjetvā vanditvā ‘‘ayya sumedhatāpasa, tayā ajja dīpaṅkaradasabalassa pādamūle mahatī patthanā patthitā, sā te anantarāyena samijjhatu, mā te bhayaṃ vā chambhitattaṃ vā ahosi, sarīre appamattakopi rogo mā uppajjatu, khippaṃ pāramiyo pūretvā sammāsambodhiṃ paṭivijjha. Yathā pupphūpagaphalūpagarukkhā samaye pupphanti ceva phalanti ca, tatheva tvampi taṃ samayaṃ anatikkamitvā khippaṃ sambodhimuttamaṃ phusassū’’tiādīni thutimaṅgalāni payirudāhaṃsu. Evañca payirudāhitvā attano attano devaṭṭhānameva agamaṃsu. Bodhisattopi devatāhi abhitthavito – ‘‘ahaṃ dasa pāramiyo pūretvā kappasatasahassādhikānaṃ catunnaṃ asaṅkhyeyyānaṃ matthake buddho bhavissāmī’’ti vīriyaṃ daḷhaṃ katvā adhiṭṭhāya nabhaṃ abbhuggantvā himavantameva agamāsi. Tena vuttaṃ –
当时,菩萨起身那时,满十万大千世界诸天众神齐聚,以天上芬芳花环礼敬奉迎,赞叹言:“贤明坚忍者,今日于提婆曷罗大德足下,已立下伟大誓愿,愿你无有障碍,非惧非畏,身上虽微疾亦不生起;速满十波罗蜜,证得正觉。正如花木于花果时节一齐绽放结果,汝亦当超越此时,速证无上正觉。”诸天奉赞如是,回归各自天所。菩萨亦受天众拥护,发奋言:“我当实证十波罗蜜,历经无数劫数,成就无量无边诸佛之首。”立志坚定,腾空而起,直至喜马拉雅山。由此说:
‘‘Dibbaṃ mānusakaṃ pupphaṃ, devā mānusakā ubho;
“天花人花,两者同发;
Samokiranti pupphehi, vuṭṭhahantassa āsanā.
起座而坐,众花共宥。
‘‘Vedayanti ca te sotthiṃ, devā mānusakā ubho;
天人俱庆,愿求安乐。”
Mahantaṃ patthitaṃ tuyhaṃ, taṃ labhassu yathicchitaṃ.
汝所忍受者甚大,愿汝得如意所求。
‘‘Sabbītiyo vivajjantu, soko rogo vinassatu;
愿一切忧苦皆远离,愿悲伤疾病皆灭尽;
Mā te bhavantvantarāyā, phusa khippaṃ bodhimuttamaṃ.
愿无内障扰动,速得最上觉境。
‘‘Yathāpi samaye patte, pupphanti pupphino dumā;
正如时节所至,花木竞相绽放,
Tatheva tvaṃ mahāvīra, buddhañāṇena pupphasu.
尔亦如是,大勇者,应以佛智如花开现。
‘‘Yathā ye keci sambuddhā, pūrayuṃ dasa pāramī;
正如诸多正觉者,满具十种度法;
Tatheva tvaṃ mahāvīra, pūraya dasa pāramī.
「如此,伟大的勇士,你当圆满十波罗蜜。」
‘‘Yathā ye keci sambuddhā, bodhimaṇḍamhi bujjhare;
「如诸多正觉者在菩提树下觉悟;
Tatheva tvaṃ mahāvīra, bujjhassu jinabodhiyaṃ.
你亦如是,伟大的勇士,当在觉悟之地觉悟。」
‘‘Yathā ye keci sambuddhā, dhammacakkaṃ pavattayuṃ;
「如诸多正觉者转动法轮;
Tatheva tvaṃ mahāvīra, dhammacakkaṃ pavattaya.
你亦如是,伟大的勇士,应当转动法轮。」
‘‘Puṇṇamāye yathā cando, parisuddho virocati;
「如满月清净光明普照;
Tatheva tvaṃ puṇṇamano, viroca dasasahassiyaṃ.
你同样充满光辉,照耀着如十万火焰般的光芒。
‘‘Rāhumutto yathā sūriyo, tāpena atirocati;
如同太阳离开云翳,以其强烈的热力照耀万物,
Tatheva lokā muccitvā, viroca siriyā tuvaṃ.
你也离却诸世间痛苦与缠缚,以尊贵的荣光照亮一切。
‘‘Yathā yā kāci nadiyo, osaranti mahodadhiṃ;
如同无数河流,汇入广大深沉的大海,
Evaṃ sadevakā lokā, osarantu tavantike.
十方诸天及众生亦应绕你周围,如河流汇入大海般满溢流淌。
‘‘Tehi thutappasattho so, dasa dhamme samādiya;
他们应以赞叹和净洁之心,恭敬持守那十种德行。
Te dhamme paripūrento, pavanaṃ pāvisī tadā’’ti. (bu. vaṃ. 2.177-187);
时彼等具足于此法,清净身心,所行清净无染。
Sumedhakathā niṭṭhitā. · 苏美达故事已完结。
Rammanagaravāsinopi kho nagaraṃ pavisitvā buddhappamukhassa bhikkhusaṅghassa mahādānaṃ adaṃsu. Satthā tesaṃ dhammaṃ desetvā mahājanaṃ saraṇādīsu patiṭṭhapetvā rammanagarā nikkhami. Tato uddhampi yāvatāyukaṃ tiṭṭhanto sabbaṃ buddhakiccaṃ katvā anukkamena anupādisesāya nibbānadhātuyā parinibbāyi. Tattha yaṃ vattabbaṃ, taṃ sabbaṃ buddhavaṃse vuttanayeneva vitthāretabbaṃ. Vuttañhi tattha –
居于喜乐城中的人们也前往城中,供养佛陀所领导的比库僧团大量布施。佛陀宣说彼等的法,教导大众依止正法,然后离去。之后,佛陀常立于空中鸟叫之处,完成所有佛陀事业,顺着因果无碍地进入无余涅槃。关于应当宣说者,应当详细述说于整个佛陀世系中。文中云——
‘‘Tadā te bhojayitvāna, sasaṅghaṃ lokanāyakaṃ;
“彼时,诸位善男子善女人奉供养后,供养此法团、为世间领袖;
Upagacchuṃ saraṇaṃ tassa, dīpaṅkarassa satthuno.
适足至师所依止者,彼为灯明之师;
‘‘Saraṇagamane kañci, nivesesi tathāgato;
有谁来依止师而去,使其安住、久住;
Kañci pañcasu sīlesu, sīle dasavidhe paraṃ.
有谁在五戒中安住,持守十善之戒。”
‘‘Kassaci deti sāmaññaṃ, caturo phalamuttame;
『谁给予般般皆具的共相法?』——四种最高果报。
Kassaci asame dhamme, deti so paṭisambhidā.
『谁授予对无常法的精通?』此即深刻辨识智慧。
‘‘Kassaci varasamāpattiyo, aṭṭha deti narāsabho;
『谁令得七种最高殊胜?』八项殊胜显现于人中之王。
Tisso kassaci vijjāyo, chaḷabhiññā pavecchati.
『谁是三种知见之所生?』六种超妙智慧得以探究。
‘‘Tena yogena janakāyaṃ, ovadati mahāmuni;
『由此修行功德,父母般迷悟者誓言告诫;』
Tena vitthārikaṃ āsi, lokanāthassa sāsanaṃ.
『由此详细因缘,世尊的教法广为布施。』
‘‘Mahāhanūsabhakkhandho, dīpaṅkarasanāmako;
『大象族品』,其名为提婆迦罗。
Bahū jane tārayati, parimoceti duggatiṃ.
救度众多众生,解脱其于恶趣之苦。
‘‘Bodhaneyyaṃ janaṃ disvā, satasahassepi yojane;
见此应觉悟之众生,离一百千由旬远;
Khaṇena upagantvāna, bodheti taṃ mahāmuni.
瞬息而至而觉悟者,正是大圣贤世尊。
‘‘Paṭhamābhisamaye buddho, koṭisatamabodhayi;
首次成道时,佛陀启发千万众生;
Dutiyābhisamaye nātho, navutikoṭimabodhayi.
第二次成道时,圣者教化九千万众生。
‘‘Yadā ca devabhavanamhi, buddho dhammamadesayi;
“当世尊在天界,宣说法教时;
Navutikoṭisahassānaṃ, tatiyābhisamayo ahu.
乃至九千万之数,第三次结集时,
‘‘Sannipātā tayo āsuṃ, dīpaṅkarassa satthuno;
聚会有三次,尊者提婆迦那那先知的聚会;
Koṭisatasahassānaṃ, paṭhamo āsi samāgamo.
首此聚会众多有一亿零一千万。
‘‘Puna nāradakūṭamhi, pavivekagate jine;
复次在那罗达山,独处得胜者之处;
Khīṇāsavā vītamalā, samiṃsu satakoṭiyo.
清净无染污,灭尽烦恼者,约有一千万同修。”
‘‘Yamhi kāle mahāvīro, sudassanasiluccaye;
『当时』者,指大勇士,即清净相之龙树者,
Navutikoṭisahassehi, pavāresi mahāmuni.
以九千万千万为数量,越过者乃大圣人。
‘‘Ahaṃ tena samayena, jaṭilo uggatāpano;
『我』者,在彼时,即粗壮如深烧烈火者,
Antalikkhamhi caraṇo, pañcābhiññāsu pāragū.
身行于太空间,通达五种超知之境界者。
‘‘Dasavīsasahassānaṃ, dhammābhisamayo ahu;
『二万岁月』者,法之集会时也,
Ekadvinnaṃ abhisamayā, gaṇanato asaṅkhiyā.
一日夜之经历,计数不可胜数也。
‘‘Vitthārikaṃ bāhujaññaṃ, iddhaṃ phītaṃ ahū tadā;
『广博广大之知』者,彼时威力充满,显赫异常;
Dīpaṅkarassa bhagavato, sāsaraṃ suvisodhitaṃ.
乃是迪班迦罗世尊,其教法广大清净无瑕;
‘‘Cattāri satasahassāni, chaḷabhiññā mahiddhikā;
『四十万众』者,具六神通广大之法力;
Dīpaṅkaraṃ lokaviduṃ parivārenti sabbadā.
迪班迦罗世尊,世间之智者,终日环绕隨侍;
‘‘Ye keci tena samayena, jahanti mānusaṃ bhavaṃ;
于彼时,凡是摒弃人间世俗之生者;
Appattamānasā sekhā, garahitā bhavanti te.
有心得不到搅扰之在学者,彼等皆得安稳住持。
‘‘Supupphitaṃ pāvacanaṃ, arahantehi tādibhi;
『闻法清净』者,谓由阿拉汉等圣者的教诲而现,纯净无垢之圣言传出。
Khīṇāsavehi vimalehi, upasobhati sabbadā.
此等圣言,常由断尽烦恼、清净无染者所表达,恒久显现无间。
‘‘Nagaraṃ rammavatī nāma, sudevo nāma khattiyo;
名为欢乐城者,是城名也,所处之地,有一王族苏得婆为主。
Sumedhā nāma janikā, dīpaṅkarassa satthuno.
苏得婆之母名为苏敏达,此母为尊师提婆敬奉之女。
‘‘Dasavassasahassāni, agāraṃ ajjha so vasi;
此王迄今已居于此宅十万年之久,
Haṃsā koñcā mayūrā ca, tayo pāsādamuttamā.
宅中有三座殿宇,分别称为天鹅殿、鹤殿及孔雀殿,其等殿阁皆至高无上。
‘‘Tīṇi satasahassāni, nāriyo samalaṅkatā;
三十万名妇女,皆饰以华丽衣饰;
Padumā nāma sā nārī, usabhakkhandho atrajo.
其中有一妇女名为波陀摩,乃田野中野牛之女。
‘‘Nimitte caturo disvā, hatthiyānena nikkhami;
见四方迹象显现,遂乘战象赴战场;
Anūnadasamāsāni, padhāne padahī jino.
弃绝至少十余座城邑,持戒坚固为胜者。
‘‘Padhānacāraṃ caritvāna, abujjhi mānasaṃ muni;
持戒而行后,智慧未开之圣者;
Brahmunā yācito santo, dīpaṅkaro mahāmuni.
受梵天祈请,来临彼伟大圣者灯明。
‘‘Vatti cakkaṃ mahāvīro, nandārāme sirīghare;
『大勇者』者,为世尊名号也,意为“具有广大勇猛之人”。『旋转轮回』指佛陀轮转法轮之义。『欢喜园』者,卫舍城欢喜林园,此为佛陀游居之地。『长舍』即长住所在。
Nisinno sirīsamūlamhi, akāsi titthiyamaddanaṃ.
于『欢喜树根』处,佛陀端坐安住。此处静坐,示现止观之修行法门。『提地』为支提,指比库寮之场所。
‘‘Sumaṅgalo ca tisso ca, ahesuṃ aggasāvakā;
『三比库总吉祥』,此指三位尊者具足诸善缘,成为上首弟子。
Sāgato nāmupaṭṭhāko, dīpaṅkarassa satthuno.
『善来』(Sāgato)者,名也,意为“善来者”;乃是师父光明佛陀的侍从。『灯明佛』即佛陀之圣号,意为“以智慧照明者”。
Sunandā ca‘‘nandā ceva sunandā ca, ahesuṃ aggasāvikā;
『善乐观者』(Sunandā)与『喜乐观者』(Nandā),皆为佛陀之优等侍者,两者皆为最高弟子。
Bodhi tassa bhagavato, pipphalīti pavuccati.
『觉者』之菩提,世尊所得真觉,此由『苦因果法』而明悟,为人称颂者。
‘‘Tapussabhallikā nāma, ahesuṃ aggupaṭṭhakā;
称为塔补萨般梨迦者,乃为第一护持者;
Sirimā koṇā upaṭṭhikā, dīpaṅkarassa satthuno.
西利摩拘那为助手,护持大德提槃迦尊者。
‘‘Asītihatthamubbedho, dīpaṅkaro mahāmuni;
年近八十,提槃迦为伟大圣者;
Sobhati dīparukkhova, sālarājāva phullito.
光华如同大树,樹梢盛开着沙罗花。
‘‘Pabhā vidhāvati tassa, samantā dvādasa yojane;
其光照耀四周,范围达十二由旬;
Satasahassavassāni, āyu tassa mahesino;
彼天子寿命,长达十万百千岁。
Tāvatā tiṭṭhamāno so, tāresi janataṃ bahuṃ.
他站立不动,救度了众多人民。
‘‘Jotayitvāna saddhammaṃ, santāretvā mahājanaṃ;
他传播正法,拯救广大大众;
Jalitvā aggikhandhova, nibbuto so sasāvako.
如同火焰燃烧熄灭,他的弟子亦灭尽烦恼。
‘‘Sā ca iddhi so ca yaso, tāni ca pādesu cakkaratanāni;
他的神通与声誉如脚踏的宝轮,
Sabbaṃ tamantarahitaṃ, nanu rittā sabbasaṅkhārāti.
完全没有缺失,岂是空无一切行相?
‘‘Dīpaṅkaro jino satthā, nandārāmamhi nibbuto;
那日光照耀者——正觉尊师,于欢喜园中灭尽。
Tatthetassa jinathūpo, chattiṃsubbedhayojano’’ti. (bu. vaṃ. 3.1-31);
此处所说的“jinathūpo”,指的是持兵器、由六柄伞盖组成的斗篷。
Koṇḍañño buddho果德若佛
Dīpaṅkarassa pana bhagavato aparabhāge ekaṃ asaṅkhyeyyaṃ atikkamitvā koṇḍañño nāma satthā udapādi. Tassāpi tayo sāvakasannipātā ahesuṃ. Paṭhamasannipāte koṭisatasahassaṃ, dutiye koṭisahassaṃ , tatiye navutikoṭiyo. Tadā bodhisatto vijitāvī nāma cakkavattī hutvā koṭisatasahassassa buddhappamukhassa bhikkhusaṅghassa mahādānaṃ adāsi. Satthā bodhisattaṃ ‘‘buddho bhavissatī’’ti byākaritvā dhammaṃ desesi. So satthu dhammakathaṃ sutvā rajjaṃ niyyātetvā pabbaji. So tīṇi piṭakāni uggahetvā aṭṭha samāpattiyo ca pañca abhiññāyo ca uppādetvā aparihīnajjhāno brahmaloke nibbatti. Koṇḍaññabuddhassa pana rammavatī nāma nagaraṃ, sunando nāma khattiyo pitā, sujātā nāma devī mātā, bhaddo ca subhaddo ca dve aggasāvakā, anuruddho nāmupaṭṭhāko, tissā ca upatissā ca dve aggasāvikā, sālakalyāṇirukkho bodhi, aṭṭhāsītihatthubbedhaṃ sarīraṃ, vassasatasahassaṃ āyuppamāṇaṃ ahosi.
然而,在毗婆尸佛的后期,有一位名为拘耶那的导师出现,他超越了无数不可计数的劫。该导师有三次僧团聚集:第一次聚集有一万亿,第二次聚集有一千万,第三次聚集有九千亿。当时,菩萨成为名为毗吉多的王者,且以一亿百万的比库僧团布施大礼。导师宣说“菩萨将成佛”的教法,讲法毕竟国出家。他承继三藏,修成八种波罗蜜多及五种神通,安住不退转的境界,升入梵天界。拘耶那佛时,有一座名为兰摩伐提的城,祭司名为素纳陀的族长为父,母亲为苏车陀夫人,且有善与胜两位主要弟子,阿那律陀为护法,提舍与乌提舍二位主要弟子。菩提树为沙罗加良树,身高八十八手臂长,寿命有一百万大劫。
‘‘Dīpaṅkarassa aparena, koṇḍañño nāma nāyako;
“毗婆尸佛的未来弟子,在后一世成为名叫拘耶那的导师;
Anantatejo amitayaso, appameyyo durāsado’’.
他威光无量,寿命无边,难以测度,极为尊贵。”
Tassa aparabhāge ekaṃ asaṅkhyeyyaṃ atikkamitvā ekasmiṃ kappeyeva cattāro buddhā nibbattiṃsu – maṅgalo, sumano, revato, sobhitoti. Maṅgalassa bhagavato tīsu sāvakasannipātesu paṭhamasannipāte koṭisatasahassaṃ bhikkhū ahesuṃ, dutiye koṭisatasahassaṃ, tatiye navuṭikoṭiyo. Vemātikabhātā kirassa ānandakumāro nāma navutikoṭisaṅkhāya parisāya saddhiṃ dhammassavanatthāya satthu santikaṃ agamāsi. Satthā tassa anupubbikathaṃ kathesi. So saddhiṃ parisāya saha paṭisambhidāhi arahattaṃ pāpuṇi. Satthā tesaṃ kulaputtānaṃ pubbacaritaṃ olokento iddhimayapattacīvarassa upanissayaṃ disvā dakkhiṇahatthaṃ pasāretvā ‘‘etha bhikkhavo’’ti āha. Sabbe taṅkhaṇaññeva iddhimayapattacīvaradharā saṭṭhivassikatherā viya ākappasampannā hutvā satthāraṃ vanditvā parivārayiṃsu. Ayamassa tatiyo sāvakasannipāto ahosi.
在毗婆尸佛后世,超越无数不可计数的劫里,四位佛于一劫中成道,名为:曼伽罗、苏摩诺、雷瓦多、索毗多。曼伽罗佛时,弟子三次聚集:第一次由一万亿比库组成,第二次有一千万,第三次有九千亿。维摩提的弟弟安陀库摩罗,率领九千亿众弟子与佛同住听法。佛为他们说渐次法,令他们会得阿拉汉正觉。佛视察他们家境,见他们披戴神奇光明的僧衣后,右手一伸说:“诸比库!”他们皆披持神奇得力的袈裟,如已六十岁的长老,具足欢喜,一同礼拜佛,围绕佛身。第三次弟子聚集即由此而起。
Yathā pana aññesaṃ buddhānaṃ samantā asītihatthappamāṇāyeva sarīrappabhā ahosi, na evaṃ tassa. Tassa pana bhagavato sarīrappabhā niccakālaṃ dasasahassilokadhātuṃ pharitvā aṭṭhāsi. Rukkhapathavīpabbatasamuddādayo antamaso ukkhaliyādīni upādāya suvaṇṇapaṭṭapariyonaddhā viya ahesuṃ. Āyuppamāṇaṃ panassa navutivassasahassāni ahosi. Ettakaṃ kālaṃ candimasūriyādayo attano pabhāya virocituṃ nāsakkhiṃsu, rattindivaparicchedo na paññāyittha. Divā sūriyālokena viya sattā niccaṃ buddhālokeneva vicariṃsu. Sāyaṃ pupphitakusumānaṃ pāto ca ravanakasakuṇādīnañca vasena loko rattindivaparicchedaṃ sallakkhesi.
又如其余诸佛,全身光明普遍如八十八手臂长,毗婆尸佛身体光明却非如此长久照耀,而是恒久达一千万世界界八十八个之多。森林、陆地、山岳、海洋诸极远处宝帛环绕,璀璨若金色绸缎。寿命约九千万大劫。如此漫长时间,月亮、太阳等天体无力映照其光辉,昼夜交替无人觉知。众生昼如观佛光明常住,夜闻风吹花落及鹤鹑鸣啭,辨别昼夜之别。
Kiṃ pana aññesaṃ buddhānaṃ ayamānubhāvo natthīti? No natthi. Tepi hi ākaṅkhamānā dasasahassilokadhātuṃ vā tato vā bhiyyo ābhāya phareyyuṃ. Maṅgalassa pana bhagavato pubbapatthanāvasena aññesaṃ byāmappabhā viya sarīrappabhā niccameva dasasahassilokadhātuṃ pharitvā aṭṭhāsi. So kira bodhisattacariyacaraṇakāle vessantarasadise attabhāveṭhito saputtadāro vaṅkapabbatasadise pabbate vasi. Atheko kharadāṭhiko nāma yakkho mahāpurisassa dānajjhāsayataṃ sutvā brāhmaṇavaṇṇena upasaṅkamitvā mahāsattaṃ dve dārake yāci. Mahāsatto ‘‘dadāmi, brāhmaṇa, puttake’’ti vatvā haṭṭhapahaṭṭho udakapariyantaṃ mahāpathaviṃ kampento dvepi dārake adāsi. Yakkho caṅkamanakoṭiyaṃ ālambanaphalakaṃ nissāya ṭhatvā passantasseva mahāsattassa mulālakalāpaṃ viya dārake khādi. Mahāpurisassa yakkhaṃ oloketvā mukhe vivaṭamatte aggijālaṃ viya lohitadhāraṃ uggiramānaṃ tassa mukhaṃ disvāpi kesaggamattampi domanassaṃ na uppajji. ‘‘Sudinnaṃ vata me dāna’’nti cintayato panassa sarīre mahantaṃ pītisomanassaṃ udapādi. So ‘‘imassa me dānassa nissandena anāgate imināva nīhārena sarīrato rasmiyo nikkhamantū’’ti patthanaṃ akāsi. Tassa taṃ patthanaṃ nissāya buddhabhūtassa sarīrato rasmiyo nikkhamitvā ettakaṃ ṭhānaṃ phariṃsu.
那么,对于其他佛陀的这种身相现前是否不存在?答案是否定的。确实,对于具有愿求心的修行者,即使在十万千世界或更多之间,其光明都能大放光芒。惟独因世尊的先行利益功德,诸佛的身光如同黄铜般浑厚,终究覆盖并停留于十万千世界。那个时代,当菩萨行道的时候,居于毗舍离城附近的身相中,有一名为八口山的,名叫瓦谛耶的贤善比库,居住于倾斜山上。 有一位名叫刹利陀的夜叉,听闻这位伟大人物的施舍智慧后,便以婆罗门容貌前来,向这伟大者求养两名婴儿。那伟大者答言:「吾当馈与,婆罗门子。」说毕,踉跄迈步,震动大地,将水遍布之地摇动,赠与那两名婴儿。夜叉依止长树枝做支撑,站立着,看见那个伟大者如同青藤结缀之丛,夜叉便吞食那两名婴儿。伟大者见夜叉,面目张开,如烧红钢网般流血上涌,观察其面容,虽满面痛苦,然无一丝愁闷。思惟「此施果真美妙」,心身生大欢喜。于是心有所念:「未来必因此施行,从我身体放出光辉。」便发愿如此。依此愿以,来自佛体之光芒显出,照遍此地。
Aparampissa pubbacariyaṃ atthi. So kira bodhisattakāle ekassa buddhassa cetiyaṃ disvā ‘‘imassa buddhassa mayā jīvitaṃ pariccajituṃ vaṭṭatī’’ti daṇḍakadīpikāveṭhananiyāmena sakalasarīraṃ veṭhāpetvā ratanamattamakuḷaṃ satasahassagghanikaṃ suvaṇṇapātiṃ sappissa pūrāpetvā tattha sahassavaṭṭiyo jāletvā taṃ sīsenādāya sakalasarīraṃ jālāpetvā cetiyaṃ padakkhiṇaṃ karonto sakalarattiṃ vītināmeti. Evaṃ yāva aruṇuggamanā vāyamantassāpissa lomakūpamattampi usumaṃ na gaṇhi. Padumagabbhaṃ paviṭṭhakālo viya ahosi. Dhammo hi nāmesa attānaṃ rakkhantaṃ rakkhati. Tenāha bhagavā –
此外,还有早期的修行故事。即菩萨时代,见一佛塔,说:「吾当舍命奉献于此佛。」于是依禁戒,在达那树火旁,悉心掩藏躯体,包裹如宝珠一般,数以十万颗黄金满灌其身。又筑起千座围墙,护持其首,且用网罩全身,绕佛塔顶礼以礼拜,周天恒久不绝。如此直到旭日东升之时,身上毛发犹如沾满露水。佛言:「法护持修行人,清净法则引发安乐;因此,修法者不致堕落恶道。」
‘‘Dhammo have rakkhati dhammacāriṃ, dhammo suciṇṇo sukhamāvahāti;
「法护持修行人,法净洁带来愉悦;
Esānisaṃso dhamme suciṇṇe, na duggatiṃ gacchati dhammacārī’’ti. (theragā. 303; jā. 1.10.102) –
清净法中托身行者,不堕恶道。」(长老传303;耶舍尼经1.10.102)
Imassapi kammassa nissandena tassa bhagavato sarīrobhāso dasasahassilokadhātuṃ pharitvā aṭṭhāsi.
此善业所依凭,即因佛体光辉映现,遍照十万千世界。
Tadā amhākaṃ bodhisatto suruci nāma brāhmaṇo hutvā ‘‘satthāraṃ nimantessāmī’’ti upasaṅkamitvā madhuradhammakathaṃ sutvā ‘‘sve mayhaṃ bhikkhaṃ gaṇhatha, bhante’’ti āha. ‘‘Brāhmaṇa, kittakehi te bhikkhūhi attho’’ti? ‘‘Kittakā pana vo, bhante, parivārabhikkhū’’ti āha. Tadā satthu paṭhamasannipātoyeva hoti, tasmā ‘‘koṭisatasahassa’’nti āha. ‘‘Bhante, sabbehipi saddhiṃ mayhaṃ bhikkhaṃ gaṇhathā’’ti. Satthā adhivāsesi. Brāhmaṇo svātanāya nimantetvā gehaṃ gacchanto cintesi – ‘‘ahaṃ ettakānaṃ bhikkhūnaṃ yāgubhattavatthādīni dātuṃ sakkomi, nisīdanaṭṭhānaṃ pana kathaṃ bhavissatī’’ti?
那时我等的菩萨,名为须鲁西,是婆罗门出身,前来恭敬世尊,听闻世尊甘美法语,曰:「敬请收我为比库,尊者。」世尊曰:「婆罗门,你的比库是何种品类?」答曰:「尊者,是令人称赞的隶属比库。」于是初次集会,世尊问曰:「数目几何?」答曰:「恳请尊者收纳我等共十万众。」佛告许诺。婆罗门自恣地受请,回家沉思曰:「吾能供养这些比库饮食衣服等所需,但居住之处如何解决呢?」
Tassa sā cintā caturāsītiyojanasahassamatthake ṭhitassa devarañño paṇḍukambalasilāsanassa uṇhabhāvaṃ janesi. Sakko ‘‘ko nu kho maṃ imamhā ṭhānā cāvetukāmo’’ti dibbacakkhunā olokento mahāpurisaṃ disvā ‘‘suruci nāma brāhmaṇo buddhappamukhaṃ bhikkhusaṅghaṃ nimantetvā nisīdanaṭṭhānatthāya cintesi, mayāpi tattha gantvā puññakoṭṭhāsaṃ gahetuṃ vaṭṭatī’’ti vaḍḍhakivaṇṇaṃ nimminitvā vāsipharasuhattho mahāpurisassa purato pāturahosi. ‘‘Atthi nu kho kassaci bhatiyā kattabbakicca’’nti āha. Mahāpuriso taṃ disvā ‘‘kiṃ kammaṃ karissasī’’ti āha. ‘‘Mama ajānanasippaṃ nāma natthi, gehaṃ vā maṇḍapaṃ vā yo yaṃ kāreti, tassa taṃ kātuṃ jānāmī’’ti. ‘‘Tena hi mayhaṃ kammaṃ atthī’’ti. ‘‘Kiṃ, ayyā’’ti? ‘‘Svātanāya me koṭisatasahassabhikkhū nimantitā. Tesaṃ nisīdanamaṇḍapaṃ karissasī’’ti? ‘‘Ahaṃ nāma kareyyaṃ sace me bhatiṃ dātuṃ sakkhissathā’’ti. ‘‘Sakkhissāmi, tātā’’ti. ‘‘Sādhu karissāmī’’ti gantvā ekaṃ padesaṃ olokesi. Dvādasaterasayojanappamāṇo padeso kasiṇamaṇḍalaṃ viya samatalo ahosi. So ‘‘ettake ṭhāne sattaratanamayo maṇḍapo uṭṭhahatū’’ti cintetvā olokesi. Tāvadeva pathaviṃ bhinditvā maṇḍapo uṭṭhahi. Tassa sovaṇṇamayesu thambhesu rajatamayā ghaṭakā ahesuṃ, rajatamayesu sovaṇṇamayā, maṇimayesu thambhesu pavāḷamayā, pavāḷamayesu maṇimayā, sattaratanamayesu thambhesu sattaratanamayā ghaṭakā ahesuṃ. Tato ‘‘maṇḍapassa antarantare kiṅkaṇikajālaṃ olambatū’’ti olokesi. Saha olokaneneva jālaṃ olambi. Yassa mandavāteritassa pañcaṅgikasseva tūriyassa madhurasaddo niccharati. Dibbasaṅgītivattanakālo viya ahosi. ‘‘Antarantarā gandhadāmamālādāmāni olambantū’’ti cintentassa mālādāmāni olambiṃsu. ‘‘Koṭisatasahassasaṅkhānaṃ bhikkhūnaṃ āsanāni ca ādhārakāni ca pathaviṃ bhinditvā uṭṭhahantū’’ti cintesi, tāvadeva uṭṭhahiṃsu. ‘‘Koṇe koṇe ekekā udakacāṭiyo uṭṭhahantū’’ti cintesi, udakacāṭiyo uṭṭhahiṃsu.
那时,那位天王站立在约四千八百由旬深的地方,佩戴着绿绸氅披的座椅而生起热意。萨咖天帝以天眼观察,即以神通视察,看见一位大丈夫,名为苏卢祗婆罗门,他邀请佛陀的比库僧团,用意是供养,正在思考坐席之处。我也生起想法,要前往那里获取功德积聚,于是改变形相,化作一位肩披袈裟,手持瓦舍巴头杖的大丈夫,站在那人面前,发言曰:“若有人有仆役的任务吗?”大丈夫见我后问曰:“你将作何业?”我答曰:“我有一项叫作‘不知’的手艺,不论是建房还是搭建凉亭,我皆通晓。”他说:“这对我正合适。”我问:“什么,尊者?”答曰:“我已受大约千万比库邀请,你将建造坐席凉亭让他们入坐。”我说:“若你能够赐予我供养,我就承作此事。”他说:“我肯承担,尊弟。”我答曰:“善哉,我将建造。”遂前往察看一个地区,约十二至十三由旬广,状若遍地碾磨光滑的碾盘。他思惟:“在这样的地方应当树立一座由七宝构成的凉亭。”于是把大地劈开,凉亭便竖立起。其金柱内装有银壶,银柱内装有金壶,宝石柱内装有红珊瑚壶,红珊瑚柱内装有宝石壶,七宝柱内装有七宝壶。他又查看凉亭中间应悬挂铃铁网,细视之下,网状物悬挂,一阵微风吹动时发出似四弦琴的甜美音声,如同神曲环绕。思及“凉亭内间应悬挂香花项链”,项链便显现。他又思忖:“约千万比库坐席及支架将裂地而立。”坐席的支架果然升起。他又想:“四角应各有水池为伴。”水池也同时升起。
So ettakaṃ māpetvā brāhmaṇassa santikaṃ gantvā ‘‘ehi, ayya, tava maṇḍapaṃ oloketvā mayhaṃ bhatiṃ dehī’’ti āha. Mahāpuriso gantvā maṇḍapaṃ olokesi. Olokentasseva ca sakalasarīraṃ pañcavaṇṇāya pītiyā nirantaraṃ phuṭaṃ ahosi. Athassa maṇḍapaṃ oloketvā etadahosi – ‘‘nāyaṃ maṇḍapo manussabhūtena kato, mayhaṃ pana ajjhāsayaṃ mayhaṃ guṇaṃ āgamma addhā sakkabhavanaṃ uṇhaṃ bhavissati. Tato sakkena devaraññā ayaṃ maṇḍapo kārito bhavissatī’’ti. ‘‘Na kho pana me yuttaṃ evarūpe maṇḍape ekadivasaṃyeva dānaṃ dātuṃ, sattāhaṃ dassāmī’’ti cintesi. Bāhirakadānañhi tattakampi samānaṃ bodhisattānaṃ tuṭṭhiṃ kātuṃ na sakkoti, alaṅkatasīsaṃ pana chinditvā añjitaakkhīni uppāṭetvā hadayamaṃsaṃ vā ubbaṭṭetvā dinnakāle bodhisattānaṃ cāgaṃ nissāya tuṭṭhi nāma hoti. Amhākampi hi bodhisattassa sivirājajātake devasikaṃ pañcakahāpaṇasatasahassāni vissajjetvā catūsu dvāresu nagaramajjhe ca dānaṃ dentassa taṃ dānaṃ cāgatuṭṭhiṃ uppādetuṃ nāsakkhi. Yadā panassa brāhmaṇavaṇṇena āgantvā sakko devarājā akkhīni yāci, tadā tāni uppāṭetvā dadamānasseva hāso uppajji, kesaggamattampi cittaṃ aññathattaṃ nāhosi. Evaṃ dinnadānaṃ nissāya bodhisattānaṃ titti nāma natthi. Tasmā sopi mahāpuriso ‘‘sattāhaṃ mayā koṭisatasahassasaṅkhānaṃ bhikkhūnaṃ dānaṃ dātuṃ vaṭṭatī’’ti cintetvā tasmiṃ maṇḍape nisīdāpetvā sattāhaṃ gavapānaṃ nāma adāsi. Gavapānanti mahante mahante kolambe khīrassa pūretvā uddhanesu āropetvā ghanapākapakke khīre thoke taṇḍule pakkhipitvā pakkamadhusakkaracuṇṇasappīhi abhisaṅkhatabhojanaṃ vuccati. Manussāyeva pana parivisituṃ nāsakkhiṃsu. Devāpi ekantarikā hutvā parivisiṃsu. Dvādasaterasayojanappamāṇaṃ ṭhānampi bhikkhū gaṇhituṃ nappahosiyeva , te pana bhikkhū attano ānubhāvena nisīdiṃsu. Pariyosānadivase pana sabbabhikkhūnaṃ pattāni dhovāpetvā bhesajjatthāya sappinavanītatelamadhuphāṇitānaṃ pūretvā ticīvarehi saddhiṃ adāsi, saṅghanavakabhikkhunā laddhacīvarasāṭakā satasahassagghanikā ahesuṃ.
他便制作好此凉亭,来到那婆罗门跟前说:“尊者,请您观看您的凉亭,并赐予我供养。”大丈夫来到凉亭察看,一边察看,全身感受五色喜悦不断显现。查看凉亭后,他心中觉知:“此凉亭非人为,凭我意念与功德将成,必是萨咖天王所建。”于是回想道:“我不宜只在如斯凉亭每日供养,应当布施整整七周。”因世俗外布施之功虽同,然菩萨布施常求满足非容易,菩萨断发扬净目吐红心脏时所作布施方称当。我们虽生于如今之世,放弃天界无数财物,布施在城中四门。即便如此布施亦不能令菩萨满足。某日,当萨咖天王降临婆罗门住处乞求供养时,菩萨展眼施与,心生欢喜,无有种种杂念。如此布施不能使菩萨安心满足。因而大丈夫便心念:“我当布施七周,千万比库聚集供养。”于是坐于凉亭,施以所谓“牛乳饮”。牛乳饮即是盛大缸碗中装满牛乳,放于台上,并用蜜、糖、盐、谷粮佐味的丰富饮食。人间也难能摄受此饮,天亦一方观看。十二至十三由旬的地方无法容纳众比库,但各自比库安心坐禅。布施结束当天洗净众比库衣物,涂抹药膏、油脂、蜜、香,三衣同赠,得成了桑诃那比库的百千法衣。
Satthā anumodanaṃ karonto – ‘‘ayaṃ puriso evarūpaṃ mahādānaṃ adāsi, ko nu kho bhavissatī’’ti upadhārento – ‘‘anāgate kappasatasahassādhikānaṃ dvinnaṃ asaṅkhyeyyānaṃ matthake gotamo nāma buddho bhavissatī’’ti disvā mahāpurisaṃ āmantetvā ‘‘tvaṃ ettakaṃ nāma kālaṃ atikkamitvā gotamo nāma buddho bhavissasī’’ti byākāsi. Mahāpuriso byākaraṇaṃ sutvā ‘‘ahaṃ kira buddho bhavissāmi, ko me gharāvāsena attho, pabbajissāmī’’ti cintetvā tathārūpaṃ sampattiṃ kheḷapiṇḍaṃ viya pahāya satthu santike pabbajitvā buddhavacanaṃ uggaṇhitvā abhiññāyo ca samāpattiyo ca nibbattetvā āyupariyosāne brahmaloke nibbatti.
师赞叹称赞说:“此人施予如此大布施,谁能比得上?”又预言道:“未来将有成百上千万两不可数世劫的时段,名为果德玛的佛陀将出世。”看见那大丈夫后祝福他说:“你将超越此时际,成为名果德玛的佛陀。”大丈夫听闻此预言,心想:“我真将成佛,那我以何处为住处?我当出家。”遂弃世间亲族如玩石子游戏一般,舍离家宅,依止佛陀,弘扬佛法,修得神通、证悟涅槃,于寿终之际转生梵天界。
Maṅgalo buddho曼嘎喇佛
Maṅgalassa pana bhagavato nagaraṃ uttaraṃ nāma ahosi, pitāpi uttaro nāma khattiyo, mātāpi uttarā nāma devī, sudevo ca dhammaseno ca dve aggasāvakā, pālito nāmupaṭṭhāko, sīvalī ca asokā ca dve aggasāvikā, nāgarukkho bodhi, aṭṭhāsītihatthubbedhaṃ sarīraṃ ahosi. Navuti vassasahassāni ṭhatvā parinibbute pana tasmiṃ ekappahāreneva dasa cakkavāḷasahassāni ekandhakārāni ahesuṃ. Sabbacakkavāḷesu manussānaṃ mahantaṃ ārodanaparidevanaṃ ahosi.
祇树给孤独园北方城镇名为乌塔腊,父王名乌塔罗,母后名乌塔拉,随行菩萨大弟子有须陀洹与得多罗二人,护持者名为巴利陀,双大弟子悉婆离与阿索迦二人,具足尊贵名号;果德玛身长十八肘;在世间共驻足九万岁,入般涅槃后一夜之间有十万四千无明暗天降临。天下诸城中有无边人间大哀鸣悲号。
‘‘Koṇḍaññassa aparena, maṅgalo nāma nāyako;
“谁为拘楼吒之次,名为吉祥主宰;
Tamaṃ loke nihantvāna, dhammokkamabhidhārayī’’ti. (bu. vaṃ. 5.1);
灭此世间黑暗,秉持法之尊者。”〔《长部•卷五》第1品〕
Sumano buddho苏玛那佛
Evaṃ dasasahassilokadhātuṃ andhakāraṃ katvā parinibbutassa tassa bhagavato aparabhāge sumano nāma satthā loke udapādi. Tassāpi tayo sāvakasannipātā. Paṭhamasannipāte koṭisatasahassabhikkhū ahesuṃ. Dutiye kañcanapabbatamhi navutikoṭisahassāni, tatiye asītikoṭisahassāni. Tadā mahāsatto atulo nāma nāgarājā ahosi mahiddhiko mahānubhāvo. So ‘‘buddho uppanno’’ti sutvā ñātisaṅghaparivuto nāgabhavanā nikkhamitvā koṭisatasahassabhikkhuparivārassa tassa bhagavato dibbatūriyehi upahāraṃ kāretvā mahādānaṃ pavattetvā paccekaṃ dussayugāni datvā saraṇesu patiṭṭhāsi. Sopi naṃ satthā ‘‘anāgate buddho bhavissatī’’ti byākāsi. Tassa bhagavato nagaraṃ mekhalaṃ nāma ahosi, sudatto nāma rājā pitā, sirimā nāma mātā devī, saraṇo ca bhāvitatto ca dve aggasāvakā, udeno nāmupaṭṭhāko, soṇā ca upasoṇā ca dve aggasāvikā, nāgarukkho bodhi, navutihatthubbedhaṃ sarīraṃ ahosi, navutiyeva vassasahassāni āyuppamāṇaṃ ahosi.
如是,世尊涅槃后,其光明绝灭,世间十万界陷入黑暗。此时,有一名为苏摩诺的圣者出现在世间。彼时亦有三众弟子聚集。第一众聚时,具一亿百千比库。第二聚于金山中,有九亿千千万比库。第三聚,有八亿千千万比库。时,有一大力大德名阿土罗的龙王,威神广大无比。闻“佛陀已出世”之讯,偕同亲族环绕,离开龙宫,带着一亿百千比库众,自天界以神力供养世尊,举行盛大施舍,赋予独特的恶魔时代,确立作为归依。世尊亦预言其将来成佛。世尊之城名为麦迦罗,父王名苏达多,慈母名希里玛,即称沙囊与巴缚多为两大首席弟子,优陀那为侍者,索那及优索那为二大首席女弟子。龙王身体长九十肘,寿命九十万岁。
‘‘Maṅgalassa aparena, sumano nāma nāyako;
“福德无边者,苏摩诺为首;
Sabbadhammehi asamo, sabbasattānamuttamo’’ti. (bu. vaṃ. 6.1);
诸法中无等者,众生中尊胜者。”(《佛音》别集,第六卷第一节)
Revato buddho雷瓦达佛
Tassa aparabhāge revato nāma satthā udapādi. Tassāpi tayo sāvakasannipātā. Paṭhamasannipāte gaṇanā natthi, dutiye koṭisatasahassabhikkhū ahesuṃ, tathā tatiye. Tadā bodhisatto atidevo nāma brāhmaṇo hutvā satthu dhammadesanaṃ sutvā saraṇesu patiṭṭhāya sirasi añjaliṃ ṭhapetvā tassa satthuno kilesappahāne vaṇṇaṃ sutvā uttarāsaṅgena pūjaṃ akāsi. Sopi naṃ ‘‘buddho bhavissatī’’ti byākāsi. Tassa pana bhagavato nagaraṃ sudhaññavatī nāma ahosi, pitā vipulo nāma khattiyo, mātā vipulā nāma, varuṇo ca brahmadevo ca dve aggasāvakā, sambhavo nāmupaṭṭhāko, bhaddā ca subhaddā ca dve aggasāvikā, nāgarukkho bodhi, sarīraṃ asītihatthubbedhaṃ ahosi, āyu saṭṭhi vassasahassānīti.
其后,另有名为雷瓦达的圣者出世。亦有三众弟子。第一众聚人数不详,第二众有三亿百千比库,第三众亦同。时,有一大梵天名阿提德婆,闻佛陀教法,至圣尊处顶礼致敬,发愿除污垢,礼敬世尊上衣。梵神亦预示“佛陀将出世”。世尊之城名为苏陀羅罗伐提,父为阔利多,母为阔利多女,梵天波旬皆为两大首席弟子,三宝波为侍者,毗达与苏毗达为两大首席女弟子。龙王身长八十肘,寿命六十万岁。
‘‘Sumanassa aparena, revato nāma nāyako;
“继苏摩诺之后,雷瓦达为首;
Anūpamo asadiso, atulo uttamo jino’’ti. (bu. vaṃ. 7.1);
无双无匹,至高无上圣王。”(《佛音》别集,第七卷第一节)
Sobhito buddho索比德佛
Tassa aparabhāge sobhito nāma satthā udapādi. Tassāpi tayo sāvakasannipātā. Paṭhamasannipāte koṭisataṃ bhikkhū ahesuṃ, dutiye navutikoṭiyo, tatiye asītikoṭiyo. Tadā bodhisatto ajito nāma brāhmaṇo hutvā satthu dhammadesanaṃ sutvā saraṇesu patiṭṭhāya buddhappamukhassa bhikkhusaṅghassa mahādānaṃ adāsi. Sopi naṃ ‘‘buddho bhavissatī’’ti byākāsi. Tassa pana bhagavato nagaraṃ sudhammaṃ nāma ahosi, pitā sudhammo nāma rājā, mātāpi sudhammā nāma devī, asamo ca sunetto ca dve aggasāvakā, anomo nāmupaṭṭhāko, nakulā ca sujātā ca dve aggasāvikā, nāgarukkho bodhi , aṭṭhapaṇṇāsahatthubbedhaṃ sarīraṃ ahosi, navuti vassasahassāni āyuppamāṇanti.
那之后,称为索比多的圣者出现。在他时代,也有三众比库聚集。第一众聚过亿之多,第二有九千万,第三有八千万。当时,证悟者尚未出世,有一婆罗门名为阿吉陀,听闻圣者的正法开示,皈依于三宝,安立于佛陀为首的比库僧团中,布施了大布施。佛陀亦曾为他预言“将成佛”。当时世尊所在之城名为苏达摩,国王名苏达摩,王后亦名苏达摩。有两位首席弟子阿萨摩与苏内多,护持者名为阿诺摩,两位首席女弟子名为那库拉与苏迦塔。佛陀身体长八十一肘,有九十万岁寿。
‘‘Revatassa aparena, sobhito nāma nāyako;
「雷瓦塔之后,有一名为索比多的领袖;
Samāhito santacitto, asamo appaṭipuggalo’’ti. (bu. vaṃ. 8.1);
心定安静,非凡人物,是阿萨摩不及之人。」(佛音长老传卷八之一)
Anomadassī buddho阿诺玛达西佛
Tassa aparabhāge ekaṃ asaṅkhayeyyaṃ atikkamitvā ekasmiṃ kappe tayo buddhā nibbattiṃsu anomadassī, padumo, nāradoti. Anomadassissa bhagavato tayo sāvakasannipātā. Paṭhame aṭṭha bhikkhusatasahassāni ahesuṃ, dutiye satta, tatiye cha. Tadā bodhisatto eko yakkhasenāpati ahosi mahiddhiko mahānubhāvo, anekakoṭisatasahassānaṃ yakkhānaṃ adhipati. So ‘‘buddho uppanno’’ti sutvā āgantvā buddhappamukhassa bhikkhusaṅghassa mahādānaṃ adāsi. Sopi naṃ satthā ‘‘anāgate buddho bhavissatī’’ti byākāsi. Anomadassissa pana bhagavato candavatī nāma nagaraṃ ahosi, yasavā nāma rājā pitā, yasodharā nāma mātā devī, nisabho ca anomo ca dve aggasāvakā, varuṇo nāmupaṭṭhāko, sundarī ca sumanā ca dve aggasāvikā, ajjunarukkho bodhi, aṭṭhapaññāsahatthubbedhaṃ sarīraṃ ahosi, vassasatasahassaṃ āyuppamāṇanti.
那之后,超过无量劫,有一世中三位佛陀显现,名为阿诺马达悉、波陀摩、那罗多。阿诺马达悉时代,亦有三众比库聚集。第一众有八百万,第二七百万,第三六百万。那时,证悟者尚未出世,有一名大威力、有大威德的夜叉军帅,率领千万夜叉。听闻“佛陀已出世”,前来对佛陀为首之比库僧团布施大布施。佛陀亦为其告知“未来将成佛”。阿诺马达悉时代,世尊所在之城名为赞达瓦蒂,国王名赞索瓦,王后赞索陀罗。有阿萨摩、尼斯博两位首席弟子,护持者名为瓦卢诺,两位首席女弟子名为苏达丽与苏漫那。佛陀长八十一肘,身寿五十万岁。
‘‘Sobhitassa aparena, sambuddho dvipaduttamo;
「索比多之后,正觉者为二足上首;
Anomadassī amitayaso, tejassī duratikkamo’’ti. (bu. vaṃ. 9.1);
阿诺马达悉者,不死光辉,远超一切。」(佛音长老传卷九之一)
Padumo buddho巴杜摩佛
Tassa aparabhāge padumo nāma satthā udapādi. Tassāpi tayo sāvakasannipātā. Paṭhamasannipāte koṭisatasahassaṃ bhikkhū ahesuṃ, dutiye tīṇi satasahassāni, tatiye agāmake araññe mahāvanasaṇḍavāsīnaṃ bhikkhūnaṃ dve satasahassāni. Tadā bodhisatto sīho hutvā satthāraṃ nirodhasamāpattiṃ samāpannaṃ disvā pasannacitto vanditvā padakkhiṇaṃ katvā pītisomanassajāto tikkhattuṃ sīhanādaṃ naditvā sattāhaṃ buddhārammaṇaṃ pītiṃ avijahitvā pītisukheneva gocarāya apakkamitvā jīvitapariccāgaṃ katvā bhagavantaṃ payirupāsamāno aṭṭhāsi. Satthā sattāhaccayena nirodhā vuṭṭhito sīhaṃ oloketvā ‘‘bhikkhusaṅghepi cittaṃ pasādetvā saṅghaṃ vandissatī’’ti ‘‘bhikkhusaṅgho āgacchatū’’ti cintesi. Bhikkhū tāvadeva āgamiṃsu. Sīhopi bhikkhusaṅghe cittaṃ pasādeti. Satthā tassa manaṃ oloketvā ‘‘anāgate buddho bhavissatī’’ti byākāsi. Padumassa pana bhagavato campakaṃ nāma nagaraṃ ahosi, asamo nāma rājā pitā, mātā asamā nāma devī, sālo ca upasālo ca dve aggasāvakā, varuṇo nāmupaṭṭhāko, rāmā ca surāmā ca dve aggasāvikā, soṇarukkho nāma bodhi, aṭṭhapaṇṇāsahatthubbedhaṃ sarīraṃ ahosi, āyu vassasatasahassanti.
于那时其后,名为波头摩的世尊出现在世间。其弟子众亦有三次集合。第一次集合时,有一千余万比库;第二次聚集时,有三百万比库;第三次则为荒野大森林中栖居的比库两百万。此时,菩萨如狮子般亲自显现,目睹世尊已入涅槃寂灭,心情欢喜,虔敬膜拜,于佛陀周围绕行,生起欢喜与欣慰之心,连续三声吼出狮子吼。之后七天间,虽欣喜观察佛陀安详相貌,却不贪恋欢喜安乐,乃以离逸于乐的心调伏自我,舍弃生命全心侍奉世尊八日。世尊八日后从涅槃寂灭中复起,环视如狮子般的侍者,自语道:「当调伏比库僧团之心,使之欢喜以礼敬沙门僧团。」并念诵「比库僧团,当至此处。」诸比库随即来至,狮王亦令比库僧团欢喜。世尊察其心意,宣说:「未来当有如来出世。」波头摩世尊所住名为尖槐城,父为王阿沙摩,母名阿沙摩女神,有两位上首弟子娑跷罗与乌跷罗;护持者为伐楼那,女护持者为兰摩与修兰摩。菩提树名为须耶那枣树,躯体长八十八肘,有寿命百千万岁。
‘‘Anomadassissa aparena, sambuddho dvipaduttamo;
「异样光明所照耀者,是双足第一之正觉者;
Padumo nāma nāmena, asamo appaṭipuggalo’’ti. (bu. va. 10.1);
名为波头摩者,非凡人也。」(《婆沙钵阿》10章第1节)
Nārado buddho纳拉德佛
Tassa aparabhāge nārado nāma satthā udapādi. Tassāpi tayo sāvakasannipātā. Paṭhamasannipāte koṭisatasahassaṃ bhikkhū ahesuṃ, dutiye navutikoṭisahassāni, tatiye asītikoṭisahassāni. Tadā bodhisatto isipabbajjaṃ pabbajitvā pañcasu abhiññāsu aṭṭhasu ca samāpattīsu ciṇṇavasī hutvā buddhappamukhassa bhikkhusaṅghassa mahādānaṃ datvā lohitacandanena pūjaṃ akāsi. Sopi naṃ satthā ‘‘anāgate buddho bhavissatī’’ti byākāsi. Tassa pana bhagavato dhaññavatī nāma nagaraṃ ahosi, sudevo nāma khattiyo pitā, anomā nāma mātā devī, bhaddasālo ca jitamitto ca dve aggasāvakā, vāseṭṭho nāmupaṭṭhāko, uttarā ca phaggunī ca dve aggasāvikā, mahāsoṇarukkho nāma bodhi, sarīraṃ aṭṭhāsītihatthubbedhaṃ ahosi, navuti vassasahassāni āyūti.
随其后二世,有名为那罗陀世尊出现在世。其弟子亦三次集合。第一次集合时,有一亿余万比库;第二次为九千万比库;第三次为八千万比库。彼时菩萨受沙门出家戒,修行五种超越诸祕通之智慧,并入八种禅定,久住寂静之地,敬施佛陀所引领的比库僧团丰厚赠与,并以赤檀香举行礼敬。此世尊亦宣说:「未来当有如来出现。」此时世尊所居名曰贞静城,族人为苏迦提族王,父王名苏独韦,母为阿女神安曼安,二位上首弟子为贤舍罗与旃提多,护持者名婆舍多,女护持者为北楼与伐提,都为大弟子。菩提树名大须耶那枣,躯体长八十八肘,寿命九千万岁。
‘‘Padumassa aparena, sambuddho dvipaduttamo;
「波头摩之后,正觉者为双足第一;
Nārado nāma nāmena, asamo appaṭipuggalo’’ti. (bu. vaṃ. 11.1);
名为那罗陀者,非凡人也。」(《婆沙钵阿》11章第1节)
Padumuttaro buddho巴杜穆德拉佛
Nāradabuddhassa pana aparabhāge ito satasahassakappamatthake ekasmiṃ kappe ekova padumuttaro nāma buddho udapādi. Tassāpi tayo sāvakasannipātā. Paṭhame sannipāte koṭisatasahassaṃ bhikkhū ahesuṃ, dutiye vebhārapabbate navutikoṭisahassāni, tatiye asītikoṭisahassāni. Tadā bodhisatto jaṭilo nāma mahāraṭṭhiyo hutvā buddhappamukhassa bhikkhusaṅghasa sacīvaraṃ dānaṃ adāsi. Sopi naṃ satthā ‘‘anāgate buddho bhavissatī’’ti byākāsi. Padumuttarassa pana bhagavato kāle titthiyā nāma nāhesuṃ. Sabbadevamanussā buddhameva saraṇaṃ agamaṃsu. Tassa nagaraṃ haṃsavatī nāma ahosi, pitā ānando nāma khattiyo, mātā sujātā nāma devī, devalo ca sujāto ca dve aggasāvakā, sumano nāmupaṭṭhāko, amitā ca asamā ca dve aggasāvikā, sālarukkho bodhi, sarīraṃ aṭṭhapaṇṇāsahatthubbedhaṃ ahosi, sarīrappabhā samantato dvādasayojanāni gaṇhi, vassasatasahassaṃ āyūti.
然而,关于那罗陀佛之后的后部,有一百千劫这般的漫长时代,在其中的一劫,只有一位名为波兜勿多的佛出现。其时代亦有三众比库集合:第一众中有一千万比库;第二众中,在威婆阇山上有九千万比库;第三众中有八千万比库。那时,作为菩萨者为贾提罗,他是大国王,向佛陀面前的比库僧团布施袈裟衣物。他亦向此说法师预言:“未来必将有佛出世。”波兜勿多佛的时代没有外道异教徒,诸天人、众生皆归依佛法。其城名为鹤城,父亲为名叫安陀的刹帝利,母亲名苏伽陀,天神与人天中有苏伽陀的二位首座弟子,名苏摩诺为护法,阿弥陀和阿萨摩两位首座弟子。菩提树是娑罗树,其身体有八十五肘长,身体光华周围十二由旬,寿命一百千岁。
‘‘Nāradassa aparena, sambuddho dvipaduttamo;
“那罗陀之后,有一位名为二足第一”的正觉者佛;
Padumuttaro nāma jino, akkhobho sāgarūpamo’’ti. (bu. vaṃ. 12.1);
“波兜勿多者,胜利者,如无边海一般广大。”(《佛统别传》卷十二第一)
Sumedho buddho苏美德佛
Tassa aparabhāge tiṃsa kappasahassāni atikkamitvā sumedho ca sujāto cāti ekasmiṃ kappe dve buddhā nibbattiṃsu. Sumedhassāpi tayo sāvakasannipātā. Paṭhamasannipāte sudassananagare koṭisataṃ khīṇāsavā ahesuṃ, dutiye navutikoṭiyo, tatiye asītikoṭiyo. Tadā bodhisatto uttaro nāma māṇavo hutvā nidahitvā ṭhapitaṃyeva asītikoṭidhanaṃ vissajjetvā buddhappamukhassa bhikkhusaṅghassa mahādānaṃ datvā dhammaṃ sutvā saraṇesu patiṭṭhāya nikkhamitvā pabbaji. Sopi naṃ ‘‘anāgate buddho bhavissatī’’ti byākāsi. Sumedhassa bhagavato sudassanaṃ nāma nagaraṃ ahosi, sudatto nāma rājā pitā, mātāpi sudattā nāma devī, saraṇo ca sabbakāmo ca dve aggasāvakā, sāgaro nāmupaṭṭhāko, rāmā ca surāmā ca dve aggasāvikā, mahānīparukkho bodhi, sarīraṃ aṭṭhāsītihatthubbedhaṃ ahosi, āyu navuti vassasahassanti.
那罗陀之后,超过三万劫,有两位佛名为苏摩诺与苏伽陀同时出世。苏摩诺时代亦有三众比库集结。第一众中,在苏达桑城,有一千万无漏比库;第二众中有九千万;第三众中有八千万。那时菩萨为名乌达罗的童子,成凡后舍弃并施舍了八千万财富,向佛陀面前比库僧团布施大布施。之后听闻佛法与皈依而出家。他亦预言“未来必有佛出世”。苏摩诺佛时代有城名为苏达山,国王名苏达多,母亲苏达陀,护法有两位首座弟子萨兰和萨巴摩两位首座弟子。觉悟树是大妮琰树,身体八十八肘长,寿命九万岁。
‘‘Padumuttarassa aparena, sumedho nāma nāyako;
“波兜勿多之后,苏摩诺为引导者;
Durāsado uggatejo, sabbalokuttamo munī’’ti. (bu. vaṃ. 13.1);
威猛宏亮,光明普照天下,是至高尊的修行者。”(《佛统别传》卷十三第一)
Sujāto buddho苏嘉德佛
Tassa aparabhāge sujāto nāma satthā udapādi. Tassāpi tayo sāvakasannipātā. Paṭhamasannipāte saṭṭhi bhikkhusatasahassāni ahesuṃ, dutiye paññāsaṃ, tatiye cattālīsaṃ. Tadā bodhisatto cakkavattirājā hutvā ‘‘buddho uppanno’’ti sutvā upasaṅkamitvā dhammaṃ sutvā buddhappamukhassa bhikkhusaṅghassa saddhiṃ sattahi ratanehi catumahādīparajjaṃ datvā satthu santike pabbaji. Sakalaraṭṭhavāsino raṭṭhuppādaṃ gahetvā ārāmikakiccaṃ sādhentā buddhappamukhassa bhikkhusaṅghassa niccaṃ mahādānaṃ adaṃsu. Sopi naṃ satthā ‘‘anāgate buddho bhavissatī’’ti byākāsi. Tassa bhagavato nagaraṃ sumaṅgalaṃ nāma ahosi, uggato nāma rājā pitā, pabhāvatī nāma mātā, sudassano ca sudevo ca dve aggasāvakā, nārado nāmupaṭṭhāko, nāgā ca nāgasamālā ca dve aggasāvikā, mahāveḷurukkho bodhi. So kira mandacchiddo ghanakkhandho upari niggatāhi mahāsākhāhi morapiñchakalāpo viya virocittha. Tassa bhagavato sarīraṃ paṇṇāsahatthubbedhaṃ ahosi, āyu navuti vassasahassanti.
在那一时代末期,有一位名为苏迦陀的法师出现。他也有三大弟子众。第一大弟子众有六千万人,第二大弟子众有五千万人,第三大弟子众有四千万人。那时,菩萨已成为诸侯王听闻「佛陀已经出现」之后,便前来依止,聆听法音,向佛所领导的比库僧团供养三宝,供奉四重大庄严,正式出家。全邑居民以国王身分,承担国政,勤修寺院事务,时常供养佛所领导的比库僧团,这成为恒常的大布施。佛也曾预言他「未来必将成佛」。那时荗迦城名为苏摩伽罗,父为王乌迦陀,母名婆婆罗碧毗提,摩诃须陀那和须陀阇这两大首席弟子,拿罗是助手,纳迦和纳迦萨摩那则是两位女首席弟子。菩提树名为大娑罗,是一株大而密叶的树冠,枝叶茂密如孔雀尾羽。佛身长五十肘,寿命九万岁。
‘‘Tattheva maṇḍakappamhi, sujāto nāma nāyako;
「位于那一时代,名为苏迦陀的领导者;
Sīhahanūsabhakkhandho, appameyyo durāsado’’ti. (bu. vaṃ. 14.1);
其身体有狮鼻牛角之形,卓绝难比,难以超越。」(《佛音》卷十四第一章)
Piyadassī buddho喜见佛陀
Tassa aparabhāge ito aṭṭhārasakappasatamatthake ekasmiṃ kappe piyadassī, atthadassī, dhammadassīti tayo buddhā nibbattiṃsu. Piyadassissapi bhagavato tayo sāvakasannipātā. Paṭhame koṭisatasahassaṃ bhikkhū ahesuṃ, dutiye navutikoṭiyo, tatiye asītikoṭiyo. Tadā bodhisatto kassapo nāma māṇavo tiṇṇaṃ vedānaṃ pāraṅgato hutvā satthu dhammadesanaṃ sutvā koṭisatasahassadhanapariccāgena saṅghārāmaṃ kāretvā saraṇesu ca sīlesu ca patiṭṭhāsi. Atha naṃ satthā ‘‘aṭṭhārasakappasataccayena buddho bhavissatī’’ti byākāsi. Tassa bhagavato anomaṃ nāma nagaraṃ ahosi, pitā sudinno nāma rājā, mātā candā nāma, pālito ca sabbadassī ca dve aggasāvakā, sobhito nāmupaṭṭhāko, sujātā ca dhammadinnā ca dve aggasāvikā, kakudharukkho bodhi, sarīraṃ asītihatthubbedhaṃ ahosi, navuti vassasahassaṃ āyūti.
在下一时代,即十八万两百年前的某一时期内,有三位佛陀即彼世间现出,名曰毗耶达、阿特拉达和法达悉。毗耶达佛的弟子众有三大团体,第一时为一千万人,第二为九千万,第三为三亿。那时,菩萨名为迦波罗,已熟悟三界之苦,听闻佛陀讲法,以一亿两千万种供养建造僧团僧舍,并持戒精进。佛亦曾预言他「于十八万两百年后将成佛」。彼时的佛城名为阿诺摩,国王名苏提诺,母亲名赞荼,首席弟子为巴利逝和萨巴悉,助手名颂比陀,两大女首席弟子名为苏迦陀与法喃那,菩提树名咯拘陀。佛身长三十肘,寿命九万岁。
‘‘Sujātassa aparena, sayambhū lokanāyako;
「此苏迦陀次一位,是自觉世尊;
Durāsado asamasamo, piyadassī mahāyaso’’ti. (bu. vaṃ. 15.1);
卓绝无比,光扬大名的毗耶达。」(《佛音》卷十五第一章)
Atthadassī buddho见义佛陀
Tassa aparabhāge atthadassī nāma bhagavā udapādi. Tassāpi tayo sāvakasannipātā. Paṭhame aṭṭhanavuti bhikkhusatasahassāni ahesuṃ, dutiye aṭṭhāsītisatasahassāni, tathā tatiye. Tadā bodhisatto susīmo nāma mahiddhiko tāpaso hutvā devalokato mandāravapupphacchattaṃ āharitvā satthāraṃ pūjesi, sopi naṃ ‘‘anāgate buddho bhavissatī’’ti byākāsi. Tassa bhagavato sobhanaṃ nāma nagaraṃ ahosi, sāgaro nāma rājā pitā, sudassanā nāma mātā, santo ca upasanto ca dve aggasāvakā, abhayo nāmupaṭṭhāko, dhammā ca sudhammā ca dve aggasāvikā, campakarukkho bodhi, sarīraṃ asītihatthubbedhaṃ ahosi, sarīrappabhā samantato sabbakālaṃ yojanamattaṃ pharitvā aṭṭhāsi, āyu vassasatasahassanti.
其后部分,名为阿陀荼悉(Atthadassī)的世尊出世。其有三众弟子集会。首次有八十九万比库,次为八十八万,第三亦然。彼时,菩提萨埵名为苏悉摩(Susīma),修持高深苦行者,从天界采摘曼陀罗花盖,供养导师,且为其说:“未来必成佛。”世尊住处有一美妙城池,名为空那(Sobhana),父亲为王名为沙伽(Sāgara),母亲名为苏怛沙那(Sudassanā)。有两大阿阇黎,圣善与和善,护卫者名为阿波(Abhayo),还有两大阿阇黎持法者,法为纯正法(Sudhamma)。菩提树为钵伽罗树(Campakarukkha),身体长三十肘,身体光明周围常绕延至一由旬,寿命为百万劫(vassasatasahassa)。
‘‘Tattheva maṇḍakappamhi, atthadassī narāsabho;
『就在曼达咖帕村,具义见者、人中牛王,』
Mahātamaṃ nihantvāna, patto sambodhimuttama’’nti. (bu. vaṃ. 16.1);
『灭绝最大众敌之后,达至无上正觉。』(《长部·缘起第十六品》)
Dhammadassī buddho见法佛陀
Tassa aparabhāge dhammadassī nāma satthā udapādi. Tassāpi tayo sāvakasannipātā. Paṭhame koṭisataṃ bhikkhū ahesuṃ, dutiye navutikoṭiyo, tatiye asītikoṭiyo. Tadā bodhisatto sakko devarājā hutvā dibbagandhapupphehi ca dibbatūriyehi ca pūjaṃ akāsi, sopi naṃ satthā ‘‘anāgate buddho bhavissatī’’ti byākāsi. Tassa bhagavato saraṇaṃ nāma nagaraṃ ahosi, pitā saraṇo nāma rājā, mātā sunandā nāma devī, padumo ca phussadevo ca dve aggasāvakā, sunetto nāmupaṭṭhāko, khemā ca sabbanāmā ca dve aggasāvikā, rattaṅkurarukkho bodhi, ‘‘bimbijālo’’tipi vuccati, sarīraṃ panassa asītihatthubbedhaṃ ahosi, vassasatasahassaṃ āyūti.
其后部分,名为法陀悉(Dhammadassī)的世尊出世。其亦有三众弟子集会。首次比库达一亿,次为九千亿,第三亦为八千亿。彼时,菩提萨埵为天帝萨咖,受以天香花与天树供养,且为世尊说:“未来必成佛。”世尊之城为沙忍,父王名为沙忍,母为德女神苏南多(Sunandā)。两大阿阇黎分别为帕杜摩(Padumo)与弗萨悉陀(Phussadevo),护卫者为苏内多(Sunetto),持法者为耆玛(Khemā)与萨巴纳(Sabbanāmā)。菩提树为红刚树(Rattaṅkurarukkha),俗名为“光丝树”(Bimbijāla),其身长三十肘,寿命为千万劫(vassasatasahassa āyūti)。
‘‘Tattheva maṇḍakappamhi, dhammadassī mahāyaso;
『正是在摩诃陀国,法陀悉为荣大德;』
Tamandhakāraṃ vidhamitvā, atirocati sadevake’’ti. (bu. vaṃ. 17.1);
『驱除黑暗,光明普照众天人。』(《长部·缘起第十七品》)
Siddhattho buddho悉达多佛陀
Tassa aparabhāge ito catunavutikappamatthake ekasmiṃ kappe ekova siddhattho nāma sammāsambuddho udapādi. Tassāpi tayo sāvakasannipātā. Paṭhamasannipāte koṭisataṃ bhikkhū ahesuṃ, dutiye navutikoṭiyo, tatiye asītikoṭiyo. Tadā bodhisatto uggatejo abhiññābalasampanno maṅgalo nāma tāpaso hutvā mahājambuphalaṃ āharitvā tathāgatassa adāsi. Satthā taṃ phalaṃ paribhuñjitvā ‘‘catunavutikappamatthake buddho bhavissatī’’ti byākāsi. Tassa bhagavato nagaraṃ vebhāraṃ nāma ahosi, pitā jayaseno nāma rājā, mātā suphassā nāma devī, sambalo ca sumitto ca dve aggasāvakā, revato nāmupaṭṭhāko, sīvalā ca surāmā ca dve aggasāvikā , kaṇikārarukkho bodhi, sarīraṃ saṭṭhihatthubbedhaṃ ahosi, vassasatasahassaṃ āyūti.
在那后半部的第四十九个时代中,有一位名为悉达多的正觉者诞生。此世尊亦有三众弟子。第一众时,有一亿比库,第二众时,有九十亿,第三众时,有八十亿。那时,菩萨以炽热的光明和深厚的神通威力,化名猛刚行者,经历严酷苦行后,采挖来一颗大甘蔗果实,献于如来。世尊享用此果,告知说『四十九时代中将有一佛出世』。世尊当时所住的城名为威婆诃,国王父名加耶胜,母亲名苏法莎,是一位尊贵的女神,阿大臣与善友为两位最高的弟子,蕾瓦多为护卫,思伐罗和修罗摩为两位最高女弟子。菩萨所植觉树名为甘蔗树,身高六十肘,寿命值一千万岁。
‘‘Dhammadassissa aparena, siddhattho lokanāyako;
『继承法统的后来者,就是悉达多,即世间领袖;
Nihanitvā tamaṃ sabbaṃ, sūriyo abbhuggato yathā’’ti. (bu. vaṃ. 18.1);
如同太阳熄灭黑暗一般,普照一切』。(出自《毗婆沙论.卷十八.章一》)
Tisso buddho帝沙佛陀
Tassa aparabhāge ito dvānavutikappamatthake tisso phussoti ekasmiṃ kappe dve buddhā nibbattiṃsu. Tissassa bhagavato tayo sāvakasannipātā. Paṭhamasannipāte bhikkhūnaṃ koṭisataṃ ahosi, dutiye navutikoṭiyo, tatiye asītikoṭiyo. Tadā bodhisatto mahābhogo mahāyaso sujāto nāma khattiyo hutvā isipabbajjaṃ pabbajitvā mahiddhikabhāvaṃ patvā ‘‘buddho uppanno’’ti sutvā dibbamandāravapadumapāricchattakapupphāni ādāya catuparisamajjhe gacchantaṃ tathāgataṃ pūjesi, ākāse pupphavitānaṃ akāsi. Sopi naṃ satthā ‘‘ito dvenavutikappamatthake buddho bhavissatī’’ti byākāsi. Tassa bhagavato khemaṃ nāma nagaraṃ ahosi, pitā janasandho nāma khattiyo, mātā padumā nāma devī, brahmadevo ca udayo ca dve aggasāvakā, sumano nāmupaṭṭhāko, phussā ca sudattā ca dve aggasāvikā, asanarukkho bodhi, sarīraṃ saṭṭhihatthubbedhaṃ ahosi, vassasatasahassaṃ āyūti.
在那后半部的第二十二个时代中,有三位觉者分别诞生。此三位世尊各有三众弟子。第一众时,有一亿比库,第二众时,有九十亿,第三众时,有八十亿。那时,菩萨富有且有大名望,名为善生,是贵族出身,行沙门出家修道,获得宏大威力后,听闻『佛已出世』,手持天上曼陀罗花、莲花和丁香等花,众伴齐赴朝拜如来,天空亦飘洒花雨。世尊告知他『在二十二时代后将有佛出世』。彼世尊的城名为迦旃延,国王父名为贤种,母亲名为莳蔷薇女神,梵天和天王昇起为两位最高弟子,顺满为护持者,宝施和淑达为两位最高女弟子。菩萨所植觉树名为白檀树,身高六十肘,寿命值一千万岁。
‘‘Siddhatthassa aparena, asamo appaṭipuggalo;
『继悉达多之后,其人不凡不许,
Anantatejo amitayaso, tisso lokagganāyako’’ti. (bu. vaṃ. 19.1);
光明无量,威德无边,是三世领袖』。(出自《毗婆沙论.卷十九.章一》)
Phusso buddho弗沙佛陀
Tassa aparabhāge phusso nāma satthā udapādi. Tassāpi tayo sāvakasannipātā. Paṭhamasannipāte saṭṭhi bhikkhusatasahassāni ahesuṃ, dutiye paṇṇāsa, tatiye dvattiṃsa. Tadā bodhisatto vijitāvī nāma khattiyo hutvā mahārajjaṃ pahāya satthu santike pabbajitvā tīṇi piṭakāni uggahetvā mahājanassa dhammakathaṃ kathesi, sīlapāramiñca pūresi. Sopi naṃ ‘‘buddho bhavissatī’’ti byākāsi. Tassa bhagavato kāsi nāma nagaraṃ ahosi, jayaseno nāma rājā pitā, sirimā nāma mātā, surakkhito ca dhammaseno ca dve aggasāvakā, sabhiyo nāmupaṭṭhāko, cālā ca upacālā ca dve aggasāvikā, āmalakarukkho bodhi, sarīraṃ aṭṭhapaṇṇāsahatthubbedhaṃ ahosi, navuti vassasahassāni āyūti.
其后段落中,名为佛陀的导师出现在世间。彼时亦有三众弟子集会。第一众集计六万一千比库,第二众五十三千,第三众二十二千。那时,菩萨名为维吉陀毗,曾为一武士,舍弃大国,出家于圣人之旁,承受三藏教法,向大众演说法义,具足戒德至彼岸。彼亦预言:“此人将成为佛陀。”当时世尊所住之地名为迦尸城,父为王者迦叶赞,母为悉利摩。两位首席弟子名为随法仙与法护仙,护持者名为沙毗,由二位女首席弟子差罗与优伽拉辅佐。菩萨树为阿摩罗菴罗树,肉身长约八十一肘,寿命九万岁。
‘‘Tattheva maṇḍakappamhi, ahu satthā anuttaro;
“在彼安曼达甲城,有一无上导师;
Anūpamo asamasamo, phusso lokagganāyako’’ti. (bu. vaṃ. 20.1);
无比无双,为众生所尊,成佛界领袖。”(增支部第20章第1节)
Vipassī buddho维巴西佛
Tassa aparabhāge ito ekanavutikappe vipassī nāma bhagavā udapādi. Tassāpi tayo sāvakasannipātā. Paṭhamasannipāte aṭṭhasaṭṭhi bhikkhusatasahassaṃ ahosi, dutiye ekasatasahassaṃ, tatiye asītisahassāni. Tadā bodhisatto mahiddhiko mahānubhāvo atulo nāma nāgarājā hutvā sattaratanakhacitaṃ sovaṇṇamayaṃ mahāpīṭhaṃ bhagavato adāsi. Sopi naṃ ‘‘ito ekanavutikappe buddho bhavissatī’’ti byākāsi. Tassa bhagavato bandhumatī nāma nagaraṃ ahosi, bandhumā nāma rājā pitā, bandhumatī nāma mātā, khaṇḍo ca tisso ca dve aggasāvakā, asoko nāmupaṭṭhāko, candā ca candamittā ca dve aggasāvikā, pāṭalirukkho bodhi, sarīraṃ asītihatthubbedhaṃ ahosi, sarīrappabhā sadā satta yojanāni pharitvā aṭṭhāsi, asīti vassasahassāni āyūti.
继上述之后,又有名为毗婆尸的世尊诞生于九百岁劫。彼时亦有三众弟子集会。第一众有八万六千比库,第二众有一万比库,第三众有十三千比库。菩萨曾为一伟大的卓越者,名为阿都罗,作七宝所铸之黄金宝座,献与世尊。彼亦预言:“此人为九百岁劫中将成佛者。”当时世尊所住之地名为班杜摩提城,父为王者班杜摩,母为班杜摩提。三位首席弟子名为干陀、比目、业陀,护持者为阿索罗,二位女首席弟子为旃陀及旃馀。菩提树是钵多利树,肉身长约八十肘,辐射七由旬,寿命十三万岁。
‘‘Phussassa ca aparena, sambuddho dvipaduttamo;
“继毗婆尸之后,成正觉者为二足尊长;
Vipassī nāma nāmena, loke uppajji cakkhumā’’ti. (bu. vaṃ. 21.1);
名毗婆尸者,降生于世,具足神眼。”(增支部第21章第1节)
Sikhī buddho西奇佛
Tassa aparabhāge ito ekattiṃsakappe sikhī ca vessabhūcāti dve buddhā ahesuṃ. Sikhissāpi bhagavato tayo sāvakasannipātā. Paṭhamasannipāte bhikkhusatasahassaṃ ahosi, dutiye asītisahassāni, tatiye sattatisahassāni. Tadā bodhisatto arindamo nāma rājā hutvā buddhappamukhassa bhikkhusaṅghassa sacīvaraṃ mahādānaṃ pavattetvā sattaratanapaṭimaṇḍitaṃ hatthiratanaṃ datvā hatthippamāṇaṃ katvā kappiyabhaṇḍaṃ adāsi. Sopi naṃ satthā ‘‘ito ekattiṃsakappe buddho bhavissatī’’ti byākāsi. Tassa pana bhagavato aruṇavatī nāma nagaraṃ ahosi, aruṇo nāma khattiyo pitā, pabhāvatī nāma mātā, abhibhū ca sambhavo ca dve aggasāvakā, khemaṅkaro nāmupaṭṭhāko, sakhilā ca padumā ca dve aggasāvikā, puṇḍarīkarukkho bodhi, sarīraṃ sattatihatthubbedhaṃ ahosi, sarīrappabhā yojanattayaṃ pharitvā aṭṭhāsi, sattati vassasahassāni āyūti.
在那之后的一千二十九劫中,有两位佛陀,名为悉吉和韦萨浮。悉吉佛陀有三众弟子。第一众有一万比库,会众席次;第二众有八万比库;第三众有七万比库。当时,菩萨名为阿林达摩,他成为国王,布施袈裟给佛陀所领的比库僧团,施舍了用七宝砌成的象牙宝座,又以象牙大小的器皿赠送食物。佛陀亦告知他:“从此一千二十九劫间将有佛陀出现。”那时世尊有一城,名阿伦那城,父亲名阿伦,母亲名光明。其有两位主尊和守护,两位首席弟子分别名为凯曼加罗和沙基拉、波都摩。菩提树为莲花树,身长七十肘,身光普照三界八方,寿命七万岁。
‘‘Vipassissa aparena, sambuddho dvipaduttamo;
“第二位佛陀维帕西,乃是觉者,二足天下最尊;
Sikhivhayo āsi jino, asamo appaṭipuggalo’’ti. (bu. vaṃ. 22.1);
悉吉兄弟为觉者,平等无比。”(佛音注经第22章第1节)
Vessabhū buddho韦沙浮佛
Tassa aparabhāge vessabhū nāma satthā udapādi. Tassāpi tayo sāvakasannipātā. Paṭhamasannipāte asīti bhikkhusahassāni ahesuṃ, dutiye sattati, tatiye saṭṭhi. Tadā bodhisatto sudassano nāma rājā hutvā buddhappamukhassa bhikkhusaṅghassa sacīvaraṃ mahādānaṃ datvā tassa santike pabbajitvā ācāraguṇasampanno buddharatane cittīkārapītibahulo ahosi. Sopi naṃ bhagavā ‘‘ito ekattiṃsakappe buddho bhavissatī’’ti byākāsi. Tassa pana bhagavato anomaṃ nāma nagaraṃ ahosi, suppatīto nāma rājā pitā, yasavatī nāma mātā, soṇo ca uttaro ca dve aggasāvakā, upasanto nāmupaṭṭhāyo, rāmā ca surāmā ca dve aggasāvikā, sālarukkho bodhi, sarīraṃ saṭṭhihatthubbedhaṃ ahosi, saṭṭhi vassasahassāni āyūti.
在那之后的另一千二十九劫中,有佛陀名为韦萨浮。其亦有三众弟子。第一众有八千比库,第二众七十,第三众六十。当时菩萨名为苏达沙,成为国王,布施袈裟给佛陀所领的比库僧团,心性端正,充满对佛果的欢喜与坚定。此佛亦告知他:“从此一千二十九劫间将有佛陀出现。”那时世尊字阿诺玛城,父名苏巴提,母名夜萨瓦缇,有两位首席弟子名苏诺和乌多,守护名为优桑托,两位首席女弟子名拉玛和速拉玛。菩提树为莎罗树,身长六十肘,寿命六十万岁。
‘‘Tattheva maṇḍakappamhi, asamo appaṭipuggalo;
“就在那个时劫中,他无比,平等无双;
Vessabhū nāma nāmena, loke uppajji so jino’’ti. (bu. vaṃ. 23.1);
名为韦萨浮者,他在世间生起之觉者。”(佛音注经第23章第1节)
Kakusandho buddho咖古三达佛
Tassa aparabhāge imasmiṃ kappe cattāro buddhā nibbattā kakusandho, koṇāgamano, kassapo, amhākaṃ bhagavāti. Kakusandhassa bhagavato ekova sāvakasannipāto, tattha cattālīsa bhikkhusahassāni ahesuṃ. Tadā bodhisatto khemo nāma rājā hutvā buddhappamukhassa bhikkhusaṅghassa sapattacīvaraṃ mahādānañceva añjanādibhesajjāni ca datvā satthu dhammadesanaṃ sutvā pabbaji. Sopi naṃ satthā ‘‘buddho bhavissatī’’ti byākāsi. Kakusandhassa pana bhagavato khemaṃ nāma nagaraṃ ahosi, aggidatto nāma brāhmaṇo pitā, visākhā nāma brāhmaṇī mātā, vidhuro ca sañjīvo ca dve aggasāvakā, buddhijo nāmupaṭṭhāko, sāmā ca campā ca dve aggasāvikā, mahāsirīsarukkho bodhi, sarīraṃ cattālīsahatthubbedhaṃ ahosi, cattālīsa vassasahassāni āyūti.
在那时期末段,在本劫中出现过四位佛陀,名为迦俱胝、拘那含、迦旃延,是我们的世尊。迦俱胝世尊有唯一的比库弟子集结,在彼时有四万一千比库那。那时,未来佛即使不是国王,他亦名为凯摩,广为布施僧团供养外衣与诸多药膏之类,大施之后,听闻世尊的法教而出家。那师亦曾言“当成佛”。迦俱胝世尊所护持的城名为凯摩,父亲为婆罗门阿耆达多,母亲名维萨迦,有两位大弟子毗头罗与散迦摩,护法名佛提者,另有两位大女弟子萨摩与旃跋摩。菩提树称为“大须根树”,尸体长约四万二千肘,寿命四万余岁。
‘‘Vessabhussa aparena, sambuddho dvipaduttamo;
“继迦俱胝之后,释迦牟尼世尊是第二伟大的觉者;
Kakusandho nāma nāmena, appameyyo durāsado’’ti. (bu. vaṃ. 24.1);
名迦俱胝者,号无比难敌。”(《佛传·卷二十四·第一章》)
Koṇāgamano buddho果那嘎马那佛
Tassa aparabhāge koṇāgamano nāma satthā udapādi. Tassāpi ekova sāvakasannipāto, tattha tiṃsa bhikkhusahassāni ahesuṃ. Tadā bodhisatto pabbato nāma rājā hutvā amaccagaṇaparivuto satthu santikaṃ gantvā dhammadesanaṃ sutvā buddhappamukhaṃ bhikkhusaṅghaṃ nimantetvā mahādānaṃ pavattetvā pattuṇṇacīnapaṭakoseyyakambaladukūlāni ceva suvaṇṇapaṭikañca datvā satthu santike pabbaji. Sopi naṃ satthā ‘‘buddho bhavissatī’’ti byākāsi. Tassa bhagavato sobhavatī nāma nagaraṃ ahosi, yaññadatto nāma brāhmaṇo pitā, uttarā nāma brāhmaṇī mātā, bhiyyaso ca uttaro ca dve aggasāvakā, sotthijo nāmupaṭṭhāko, samuddā ca uttarā ca dve aggasāvikā, udumbararukkho bodhi, sarīraṃ tiṃsahatthubbedhaṃ ahosi, tiṃsa vassasahassāni āyūti.
随后出现的世尊名为拘那含。他亦有唯一的比库弟子结集,人数达三万比库集结。未来佛当时虽非国王,却名为波陀,身边护卫众多,曾亲近世尊,听闻佛法,招供僧团,广施大恩,给予受针衣袍及床垫簟席,还有金牌饰物,继而出家。在法师面前,亦曾言“将成佛”。那佛所护持之城名为舍卫,父亲为婆罗门夜难陀,母为乌塔柔,有二大弟子比约罗与优陀罗,二大女弟子索提与乌陀罗。菩提树为无患树,尸体长三万肘,寿命三万载。
‘‘Kakusandhassa aparena, sambuddho dvipaduttamo;
“继迦俱胝之后,释迦牟尼世尊是第二伟大的觉者;
Koṇāgamano nāma jino, lokajeṭṭho narāsabho’’ti. (bu. vaṃ. 25.1);
名拘那含者,号大世主、人中王。”(《佛传·卷二十五·第一章》)
Kassapo buddho咖萨巴佛
Tassa aparabhāge kassapo nāma satthā udapādi. Tassāpi ekova sāvakasannipāto, tattha vīsati bhikkhusahassāni ahesuṃ. Tadā bodhisatto jotipālo nāma māṇavo hutvā tiṇṇaṃ vedānaṃ pāragū bhūmiyañceva antalikkhe ca pākaṭo ghaṭikārassa kumbhakārassa mitto ahosi. So tena saddhiṃ satthāraṃ upasaṅkamitvā dhammakathaṃ sutvā pabbajitvā āraddhavīriyo tīṇi piṭakāni uggahetvā vattāvattasampattiyā buddhasāsanaṃ sobhesi. Sopi naṃ satthā ‘‘buddho bhavissatī’’ti byākāsi. Tassa bhagavato jātanagaraṃ bārāṇasī nāma ahosi, brahmadatto nāma brāhmaṇo pitā, dhanavatī nāma brāhmaṇī mātā, tisso ca bhāradvājo ca dve aggasāvakā, sabbamitto nāmupaṭṭhāko, anuḷā ca uruveḷā ca dve aggasāvikā, nigrodharukkho bodhi, sarīraṃ vīsatihatthubbedhaṃ ahosi, vīsati vassasahassāni āyūti.
在那之后的时期,有一位名为咖萨巴的导师诞生。他的弟子聚集成群,其中共有两万名比库。那时,发心成佛的菩萨名为灯明,他是个青年,达到了三种感官的彼岸境界,且在空中也显现出如罐匠制罐、瓶匠制瓶般的熟练工艺。与导师同在后,他向导师请教法义,听闻法要后出家修行,发起精进,继承了三藏教法,以传承与弘扬显扬佛法。他的导师也未曾预言他“必成佛”。世尊的出生城名为巴拉纳西,父亲为婆罗门名为梵天达多,母亲为婆罗门夫人财藏尼,三位主要弟子中有两位名为巴拉德瓦,加之两位主要女弟子阿奴罗与优鲁韦拉。菩提树为尼格罗陀树,世尊身体高五十肘,寿命二万岁。
‘‘Koṇāgamanassa aparena, sambuddho dvipaduttamo;
『与迦纳摩之后时代相隔甚远,佛陀为二足上第一尊。』
Kassapo nāma gottena, dhammarājā pabhaṅkaro’’ti. (bu. vaṃ. 26.1);
『咖萨巴以其族姓闻名,是法王也是光明者。』(《第26章》)
Yasmiṃ pana kappe dīpaṅkaradasabalo udapādi, tasmiṃ aññepi tayo buddhā ahesuṃ. Tesaṃ santike bodhisattassa byākaraṇaṃ natthi, tasmā te idha na dassitā. Aṭṭhakathāyaṃ pana taṇhaṅkarato paṭṭhāya sabbepi buddhe dassetuṃ idaṃ vuttaṃ –
然而,在这一劫中,迦毕那拉徒萨巴罗诞生,也有另外三位佛出现,但身旁无菩萨的预告,是以此处未详显。注疏中因渴爱之心放映,所以全然说出能够现显诸佛的原因——
‘‘Taṇhaṅkaro medhaṅkaro, athopi saraṇaṅkaro;
『渴爱造作世间,智慧造作,且护持皈依;』
Dīpaṅkaro ca sambuddho, koṇḍañño dvipaduttamo.
『迦毕那拉也成佛,迦纳摩为二足领域第一圣者。』
‘‘Maṅgalo ca sumano ca, revato sobhito muni;
「吉祥者与善念者,雷瓦多庄严的圣者;
Anomadassī padumo, nārado padumuttaro.
安那摩达斯、莲华与那罗陀、极胜莲华者。
‘‘Sumedho ca sujāto ca, piyadassī mahāyaso;
聪明者与贤生者,亲爱目光出众者;
Atthadassī dhammadassī, siddhattho lokanāyako.
利益之见与法之见者,成就者、世间导师。
‘‘Tisso phusso ca sambuddho, vipassī sikhī vessabhū;
三触者中的觉者,毗跋尸、锡奇、韦萨伏;
Kakusandho koṇāgamano, kassapo cāpi nāyako.
迦拘珊陀、拘那迦漫、以及咖萨巴亦为导师。」
‘‘Ete ahesuṃ sambuddhā, vītarāgā samāhitā;
『这些人曾成为正自觉者,远离贪欲,内心专注;』
Sataraṃsīva uppannā, mahātamavinodanā;
『如同七芒星出现,伟大觉者众多,令人欢欣鼓舞;』
Jalitvā aggikhandhāva, nibbutā te sasāvakā’’ti.
『焚烧如火焰似的烦恼火堆,这些弟子们皆已灭尽烦恼而成就涅槃。』
Gotamo buddho果德玛佛陀
Tattha amhākaṃ bodhisatto dīpaṅkarādīnaṃ catuvīsatiyā buddhānaṃ santike adhikāraṃ karonto kappasatasahassādhikāni cattāri asaṅkhyeyyāni āgato. Kassapassa pana bhagavato orabhāge ṭhapetvā imaṃ sammāsambuddhaṃ añño buddho nāma natthi. Iti dīpaṅkarādīnaṃ catuvīsatiyā buddhānaṃ santike laddhabyākaraṇo pana bodhisatto yenena –
『在那里,我等正在修行成佛道的菩萨,在二十四位如迪班卡佛等诸佛面前,接受了教法传授,历经数百千劫而来,已至第四无量劫。咖萨巴佛时,在东方境内立下此正自觉者,之后没有别的佛称此为另一正觉者。就以迪班卡佛等二十四佛前的记录为凭证,菩萨因此得悉──』
‘‘Manussattaṃ liṅgasampatti, hetu satthāradassanaṃ;
『人成佛的标志与功德,却是成为导师与觉者之因;』
Pabbajjā guṇasampatti, adhikāro ca chandatā;
『出家修行的福德与资质,以及为达到此道之愿望,皆为成佛之条件。』
Aṭṭhadhammasamodhānā, abhinīhāro samijjhatī’’ti. (bu. vaṃ. 2.59) –
「八法会集者,谓行为相续。」(《长部·曼尼》2.59)
Ime aṭṭha dhamme samodhānetvā dīpaṅkarapādamūle katābhinīhārena ‘‘handa buddhakare dhamme, vicināmi ito cito’’ti ussāhaṃ katvā ‘‘vicinanto tadā dakkhiṃ, paṭhamaṃ dānapārami’’nti dānapāramitādayo buddhakārakadhammā diṭṭhā, pūrentoyeva yāva vessantarattabhāvo āgami. Āgacchanto ca ye te katābhinīhārānaṃ bodhisattānaṃ ānisaṃsā saṃvaṇṇitā –
于此八法会集之处,于灯明足下,因所成之行为,发起精进,言『请令吾今观察此处佛法』。勤励不懈,发言『当我观察时,先见布施波罗蜜』。此等布施波罗蜜等,为成佛所必备法门。该法门历经多生多劫,恒久成就。因观察此诸行为故,来临之菩萨所显之缘起众多,悉皆述说——
‘‘Evaṃ sabbaṅgasampannā, bodhiyā niyatā narā;
『一切具足诸法,以成正觉为定命之人;
Saṃsaraṃ dīghamaddhānaṃ, kappakoṭisatehipi.
于无量劫轮回之中,虽若亿万劫亦如片刻;
‘‘Avīcimhi nuppajjanti, tathā lokantaresu ca;
未曾生于地狱,亦未转生于他界;
Nijjhāmataṇhā khuppipāsā, na honti kālakañjikā.
断尽渴爱,解脱饥渴,恒无忧苦。』
‘‘Na honti khuddakā pāṇā, uppajjantāpi duggatiṃ;
『不生小恶业者,无论其起,均不堕恶趣』者,述此义也。
Jāyamānā manussesu, jaccandhā na bhavanti te.
生于人间者,谓此众生于生时,绝非盲目昏迷,非无智慧者。
‘‘Sotavekallatā natthi, na bhavanti mūgapakkhikā;
『听力残缺者无』者,言此众生不存听觉缺失;『非瞽鸟』,即非盲目失能之鸟,表无愚痴。
Itthibhāvaṃ na gacchanti, ubhatobyañjanapaṇḍakā.
『不具女性特性而盲双性者』,意此类不行女性本性,且两性特征缺失。
‘‘Na bhavanti pariyāpannā, bodhiyā niyatā narā;
『非被围困者,谓被觉悟所定之人』,即未被困扰而为正觉定者也。
Muttā ānantarikehi, sabbattha suddhagocarā.
『获解脱者,依无间断者,处清净所』,表示此众生得解脱,常居净处,无所不清净。
‘‘Micchādiṭṭhiṃ na sevanti, kammakiriyadassanā;
『邪见』者不从事,不现于业行之中;
Vasamānāpi saggesu, asaññaṃ nupapajjare.
即便往生天界,亦不得共识相应之境;
‘‘Suddhāvāsesu devesu, hetu nāma na vijjati;
纯净衣着的天人中,实无其因可寻;
Nekkhammaninnā sappurisā, visaṃyuttā bhavābhave;
放弃出离、断惑之善人,解脱于生死轮回;
Caranti lokatthacariyāyo, pūrenti sabbapāramī’’ti.
行世间利乐之事,满具一切波罗蜜功德。」
Te ānisaṃse adhigantvāva āgato. Pāramiyo pūrentassa cassa akittibrāhmaṇakāle, saṅkhabrāhmaṇakāle, dhanañcayarājakāle, mahāsudassanarājakāle, mahāgovindakāle, nimimahārājakāle, candakumārakāle, visayhaseṭṭhikāle, sivirājakāle, vessantararājakāleti dānapāramitāya pūritattabhāvānaṃ parimāṇaṃ nāma natthi. Ekantena panassa sasapaṇḍitajātake –
诸尊于此善因证得如斯境界而来。波罗蜜充满者,于所谓不著名婆罗门时代、山隘婆罗门时代、积财王时代、大须达王时代、大牟尼王时代、尼弥大王时代、蚕王子时代、地区首领时代、悉毗王时代、韦山陀王时代诸时,施与波罗蜜圆满之量,实无与比。唯于该哉婆萨般陀逸生——
‘‘Bhikkhāya upagataṃ disvā, sakattānaṃ pariccajiṃ;
『比库』亲近来至,舍弃自身所有;
Dānena me samo natthi, esā me dānapāramī’’ti. (cariyā. 1.tassuddāna) –
我无可比施予者,此是我布施波罗蜜。」(行 1.句首名目)——
Evaṃ attapariccāgaṃ karontassa dānapāramitā paramatthapāramī nāma jātā. Tathā sīlavanāgarājakāle, campeyyanāgarājakāle, bhūridattanāgarājakāle, chaddantanāgarājakāle, jayaddisarājaputtakāle, alīnasattukumārakāleti sīlapāramitāya pūritattabhāvānaṃ parimāṇaṃ nāma natthi. Ekantena panassa saṅkhapālajātake –
由如是自身的舍弃成就者,布施波罗蜜亦即究竟波罗蜜得以成就。正如僧伽罗王时代、钵摩耶国王时代、富施多王时代、遮殿多王时代、耶耶弟沙王子时代、秽秽生灵小王时代,修持戒波罗蜜者虽具功德充满,却无具体数量。唯独于守护米仓的本生经中谓——
‘‘Sūlehi vijjhayantopi, koṭṭiyantopi sattibhi;
『纵遭刺破,纵遇群兽侵袭,
Bhojaputte na kuppāmi, esā me sīlapāramī’’ti. (cariyā. 2.91) –
我亦不发怒,此为我戒波罗蜜。」(行 2.91)——
Evaṃ attapariccāgaṃ karontassa sīlapāramitā paramatthapāramī nāma jātā. Tathā somanassakumārakāle, hatthipālakumārakāle, ayogharapaṇḍitakāleti mahārajjaṃ pahāya nekkhammapāramitāya pūritattabhāvānaṃ parimāṇaṃ nāma natthi. Ekantena panassa cūḷasutasomajātake –
由如是自身的舍弃成就者,戒波罗蜜亦即究竟波罗蜜得成。正如随那曼萨小王时代、象护小王时代、亚愚阇拉贤人时代,放弃大王国的统治而得出家波罗蜜者虽充满功德,却无具体数量。唯独于小守护随那本生经中谓——
‘‘Mahārajjaṃ hatthagataṃ, kheḷapiṇḍaṃva chaḍḍayiṃ;
『我舍弃了大王国,就如同弃去一团游戏用的泥丸;
Cajato na hoti lagganaṃ, esā me nekkhammapāramī’’ti. –
一旦舍弃,就没有牵挂,这就是我的出离波罗蜜。』——
Evaṃ nissaṅgatāya rajjaṃ chaḍḍetvā nikkhamantassa nekkhammapāramitā paramatthapāramī nāma jātā. Tathā vidhurapaṇḍitakāle, mahāgovindapaṇḍitakāle, kuddālapaṇḍitakāle, arakapaṇḍitakāle, bodhiparibbājakakāle, mahosadhapaṇḍitakāleti paññāpāramitāya pūritattabhāvānaṃ parimāṇaṃ nāma natthi. Ekantena panassa sattubhastajātake senakapaṇḍitakāle –
如此远离依附,舍弃王国而出离者,即名为出离的至高波罗蜜。正如智慧时期、智者马哈古文达时期、智者俱陀罗时期、智者阿拉迦时期、觉行游方时期、大神药师时代,诸波罗蜜充满其内在者均无数量。唯独独一无二者,如杀戮之子本生中智者塞那卡时期——
‘‘Paññāya vicinantohaṃ, brāhmaṇaṃ mocayiṃ dukhā;
『我以智慧明辨,欲使婆罗门远离苦难;
Paññāya me samo natthi, esā me paññāpāramī’’ti. –
我的智慧无可比拟,这就是我的智慧波罗蜜。』——
Antobhastagataṃ sappaṃ dassentassa paññāpāramitā paramatthapāramī nāma jātā. Tathā vīriyapāramitādīnampi pūritattabhāvānaṃ parimāṇaṃ nāma natthi. Ekantena panassa mahājanakajātake –
以内在把握诸事明示之者名为智慧的至高波罗蜜。诸如精进波罗蜜等也同样无可计量充盈其内。唯独独一者,如大权主本生时期——
‘‘Atīradassī jalamajjhe, hatā sabbeva mānusā;
「渡过水中彼岸者,众生悉已灭亡;心无他法可依,此即吾之精进波罗蜜。」
Cittassa aññathā natthi, esā me vīriyapāramī’’ti. –
「此即吾之精进波罗蜜。」
Evaṃ mahāsamuddaṃ tarantassa vīriyapāramitā paramatthapāramī nāma jātā. Khantivādijātake –
如是,渡越大海者,其名为精进波罗蜜,亦谓究竟波罗蜜。耐忍经中说——
‘‘Acetanaṃva koṭṭente, tiṇhena pharasunā mamaṃ;
「如同无意识者斩草,用锄头砍裁吾身;于迦尸国王不生嗔恨,此即吾之忍波罗蜜。」
Kāsirāje na kuppāmi, esā me khantipāramī’’ti. –
「此即吾之忍波罗蜜。」
Evaṃ acetanabhāvena viya mahādukkhaṃ adhivāsentassa khantipāramitā paramatthapāramī nāma jātā. Mahāsutasomajātake –
如是,以无意识心态承受巨大苦难者,其名为忍波罗蜜,亦为究竟波罗蜜。大苏陀苏摩经中说——
‘‘Saccavācaṃ anurakkhanto, cajitvā mama jīvitaṃ;
『守护真语者,舍弃我的生命;』
Mocesiṃ ekasataṃ khattiye, esā me saccapāramī’’ti. –
『我救度了一百位刹帝利,这是我的真实波罗蜜』──
Evaṃ jīvitaṃ cajitvā saccamanurakkhantassa saccapāramitā paramatthapāramī nāma jātā. Mūgapakkhajātake –
如此舍弃生命而守护真实者,其真实波罗蜜即最上妙境之波罗蜜由此而生。愚鸟本生中说道──
‘‘Mātāpitā na me dessā, napi dessaṃ mahāyasaṃ;
『父母不见于我,尊长亦不见;』
Sabbaññutaṃ piyaṃ mayhaṃ, tasmā vatamadhiṭṭhahi’’nti. (cariyā. 3.65) –
『我被完全遗弃,故当立足于自心』。(《行为本·3.65》)──
Evaṃ jīvitampi cajitvā vataṃ adhiṭṭhahantassa adhiṭṭhānapāramitā paramatthapāramī nāma jātā. Suvaṇṇasāmajātake –
如是舍弃生命者,因立定于自心者,此称为心定波罗蜜,亦属最上妙境波罗蜜。金车本生中──
‘‘Na maṃ koci uttasati, napihaṃ bhāyāmi kassaci;
无一人敌视于我,我亦不畏惧任何人;
Mettābalenupatthaddho, ramāmi pavane tadā’’ti. (cariyā. 3.113) –
依靠慈心力量,我当时于风中欢喜安住。」(行为品第3卷第113经)——
Evaṃ jīvitampi anoloketvā mettāyantassa mettāpāramitā paramatthapāramī nāma jātā. Lomahaṃsajātake –
观察此生如是,施行慈心者,慈心波罗蜜即至究竟波罗蜜诞生。此为鸶鹭本生经——
‘‘Susāne seyyaṃ kappemi, chavaṭṭhikaṃ upanidhāyahaṃ;
「我安置柔软床榻,于尸堆之上就寝;
Gāmaṇḍalā upāgantvā, rūpaṃ dassentinappaka’’nti. (cariyā. 3.119) –
度过村落边缘,示现形貌甚为不适。」(行为品第3卷第119经)——
Evaṃ gāmadārakesu niṭṭhubhanādīhi ceva mālāgandhūpahārādīhi ca sukhadukkhaṃ uppādentesupi upekkhaṃ anativattentassa upekkhāpāramitā paramatthapāramī nāma jātā. Ayamettha saṅkhepo. Vitthārato panesa attho cariyāpiṭakato gahetabboti. Evaṃ pāramiyo pūretvā vessantarattabhāve ṭhito –
如此,于村中儿童以及以竹针、香花等供养者,无论其生苦乐变化,仍不过度产生分别,乃至超越安忍,此种不取不贪、不恶不喜的平等心即为安忍波罗蜜,是究竟波罗蜜。此处略说,其详意应取自行为藏。施行此波罗蜜,立身于蔗国王子世间生起之际——
‘‘Acetanāyaṃ pathavī, aviññāya sukhaṃ dukhaṃ;
「因无知而生起苦乐,这地球为了无知而动摇;我的布施力量也因此动摇了七次。」
Sāpi dānabalā mayhaṃ, sattakkhattuṃ pakampathā’’ti. (cariyā. 1.124) –
「这是修行行为的如是说法。」
Evaṃ mahāpathavikampanādīni mahāpuññāni karitvā āyupariyosāne tato cuto tusitabhavane nibbatti. Iti dīpaṅkarapādamūlato paṭṭhāya yāva ayaṃ tusitapure nibbatti, ettakaṃ ṭhānaṃ dūrenidānaṃ nāmāti veditabbaṃ.
因此,大地的剧烈震动等大功德已成,就在寿命终尽时,随即转生于兜释天。此生由灯明根基起始,直至现于兜释天国,彼处名为远处的住处,应当了解其名。
Dūrenidānakathā niṭṭhitā. · 远因缘故事已完。
2. Avidūrenidānakathā
第二章 近处与远处境界的说法
Tusitapure vasanteyeva pana bodhisatte buddhakolāhalaṃ nāma udapādi. Lokasmiñhi tīṇi kolāhalāni mahantāni uppajjanti kappakolāhalaṃ, buddhakolāhalaṃ, cakkavattikolāhalanti. Tattha ‘‘vassasatasahassaccayena kappuṭṭhānaṃ bhavissatī’’ti lokabyūhā nāma kāmāvacaradevā muttasirā vikiṇṇakesā rudamukhā assūni hatthehi puñchamānā rattavatthanivatthā ativiya virūpavesadhārino hutvā manussapathe vicarantā evaṃ ārocenti – ‘‘mārisā, ito vassasatasahassaccayena kappuṭṭhānaṃ bhavissati, ayaṃ loko vinassissati, mahāsamuddopi sussissati, ayañca mahāpathavī sineru ca pabbatarājā uḍḍayhissanti vinassissanti, yāva brahmalokā lokavināso bhavissati, mettaṃ mārisā, bhāvetha, karuṇaṃ, muditaṃ, upekkhaṃ mārisā, bhāvetha, mātaraṃ upaṭṭhahatha, pitaraṃ upaṭṭhahatha, kule jeṭṭhāpacāyino hothā’’ti. Idaṃ kappakolāhalaṃ nāma. ‘‘Vassasahassaccayena pana sabbuññubuddho loke uppajjissatī’’ti lokapāladevatā ‘‘ito, mārisā, vassasahassaccayena sabbaññubuddho loke uppajjissatī’’ti ugghosentiyo āhiṇḍanti. Idaṃ buddhakolāhalaṃ nāma. ‘‘Vassasatassaccayena cakkavattirājā uppajjissatī’’ti devatāyo ‘‘ito mārisā vassasataccayena cakkavattirājā loke uppajjissatī’’ti ugghosentiyo āhiṇḍanti. Idaṃ cakkavattikolāhalaṃ nāma. Imāni tīṇi kolāhalāni mahantāni honti.
正当住于兜释天宫时,菩萨当下生起名为佛音震动的异象。人间世中有三种大震动,分别是周期性震动、佛陀震动以及转轮王震动。世人言:「历时数百万年后,必有大破坏发生。」人间众生被欲望驱使如醉如狂,耻辱之物与泪水满面,以手掩面隐身,游走于人间之道,喊着说:「魔鬼啊,从此以后数百万年将会发生破坏,世间会灭亡,大海将干涸;大地之神山等将崩毁毁灭,直至梵天世界遭劫灭。魔鬼啊,当怀慈悲、爱喜、随喜与舍心;魔鬼啊,务必护持父母,护持母亲,成为宗族长者的好侍者。」此震动名之为周期性震动。又说:「历经千万年后,世中将生起全知佛陀。」天众保护者及诸神齐声歌唱:「魔鬼啊,历经千万年后,世间必有全知佛陀降世。」此称为佛音震动。又言:「历百年后,转轮王将降生。」诸天众说:「魔鬼啊,历百年后,世间必有转轮王降世。」名之为转轮王震动。这三种大震动皆为大震动。
Tesu buddhakolāhalasaddaṃ sutvā sakaladasasahassacakkavāḷadevatā ekato sannipatitvā ‘‘asuko nāma satto buddho bhavissatī’’ti ñatvā taṃ upasaṅkamitvā āyācanti. Āyācamānā ca pubbanimittesu uppannesu āyācanti. Tadā pana sabbāpi tā ekekacakkavāḷe cātumahārājasakkasuyāmasantusitasunimmitavasavattimahābrahmehi saddhiṃ ekacakkavāḷe sannipatitvā tusitabhavane bodhisattassa santikaṃ gantvā ‘‘mārisa, tumhehi dasa pāramiyo pūrentehi na sakkasampattiṃ, na mārabrahmacakkavattisampattiṃ patthentehi pūritā, lokanittharaṇatthāya pana sabbaññutaṃ patthentehi pūritā, so vo dāni kālo, mārisa, buddhattāya, samayo, mārisa, buddhattāyā’’ti yāciṃsu.
闻及佛音震动之声,十方亿万转轮天诸大天众,一体集会,知晓必有异时佛降生,至于菩萨处请愿。所请者即是将生世事因缘。他们与四大天王、天王妒恨嫉意相调和,和尊大梵天诸明相随,共同会集于一转轮天,往兜释天宫,亲近菩萨,告言:「魔鬼啊,尔等未满十度,未证转轮王成就,虽以利益世人之故已圆满诸明,彼时即是诸佛法成就之时,魔鬼啊,此即成佛之时,应当知晓。」
Atha mahāsatto devatānaṃ paṭiññaṃ adatvāva kāladīpadesakulajanettiāyuparicchedavasena pañcamahāvilokanaṃ nāma vilokesi. Tattha ‘‘kālo nu kho, akālo nu kho’’ti paṭhamaṃ kālaṃ vilokesi. Tattha vassasatasahassato uddhaṃ vaḍḍhitaāyukālo kālo nāma na hoti. Kasmā? Tadā hi sattānaṃ jātijarāmaraṇāni na paññāyanti. Buddhānañca dhammadesanā tilakkhaṇamuttā nāma natthi. Tesaṃ ‘‘aniccaṃ dukkhaṃ anattā’’ti kathentānaṃ ‘‘kiṃ nāmetaṃ kathentī’’ti neva sotabbaṃ na saddhātabbaṃ maññanti, tato abhisamayo na hoti, tasmiṃ asati aniyyānikaṃ sāsanaṃ hoti. Tasmā so akālo. Vassasatato ūnaāyukālopi kālo nāma na hoti. Kasmā? Tadā hi sattā ussannakilesā honti, ussannakilesānañca dinno ovādo ovādaṭṭhāne na tiṭṭhati, udake daṇḍarāji viya khippaṃ vigacchati. Tasmā sopi akālo. Vassasatasahassato pana paṭṭhāya heṭṭhā, vassasatato paṭṭhāya uddhaṃ āyukālo kālo nāma. Tadā ca vassasatāyukālo, atha mahāsatto ‘‘nibbattitabbakālo’’ti kālaṃ passi.
于是那尊大梵天不接受诸天的请求,便以寿命断尽为类比,观察所谓五大观察之一。其间,他初次观察时间的长短,思维“是有时间,还是无时间?”他看到寿命被增长至数百万年时,这不是真正的时间。为何如此?因彼时众生不晓得生死老死之理,也不明了佛陀所说法中以三法印为解脱标志。“诸法无常、苦、无我”的说法,对他们来说既不可闻也不可信,因此无从断除无明,故在无明中是无依止的教法。故此并非真正时间。即使寿命低于百万年,也不可称为时间。为何?因为当时众生嫉恨烦恼激盛,烦恼如盛水逝去般迅速消减,故亦非真正时间。唯有寿命达到百万年以上时,时间才可称为时间。于是寿命达百岁时,那尊大梵天观察到“应当生起的时候”(生灭时间)了。
Tato dīpaṃ vilokento saparivāre cattāro dīpe oloketvā ‘‘tīsu dīpesu buddhā na nibbattanti, jambudīpeyeva nibbattantī’’ti dīpaṃ passi.
然后他观察到各个洲屿,环顾四个诸洲,看到在其中三个洲上佛陀不曾出生涅槃,而佛陀只在恒河流域的南赡部洲出世入灭。
Tato ‘‘jambudīpo nāma mahā, dasayojanasahassaparimāṇo, katarasmiṃ nu kho padese buddhā nibbattantī’’ti okāsaṃ vilokento majjhimadesaṃ passi. Majjhimadeso nāma ‘‘puratthimāya disāya gajaṅgalaṃ nāma nigamo, tassa parena mahāsālā, tato parā paccantimā janapadā, orato majjhe. Puratthimadakkhiṇāya disāya sallavatī nāma nadī, tato parā paccantimā janapadā, orato majjhe. Dakkhiṇāya disāya setakaṇṇikaṃ nāma nigamo, tato parā paccantimā janapadā, orato majjhe. Pacchimāya disāya thūṇaṃ nāma brāhmaṇagāmo, tato parā paccantimā janapadā, orato majjhe. Uttarāya disāya usīraddhajo nāma pabbato, tato parā paccantimā janapadā, orato majjhe’’ti evaṃ vinaye (mahāva. 259) vutto padeso . So āyāmato tīṇi yojanasatāni, vitthārato aḍḍhateyyāni, parikkhepato nava yojanasatānīti etasmiṃ padese buddhā, paccekabuddhā, aggasāvakā, asīti mahāsāvakā, cakkavattirājāno, aññe ca mahesakkhā khattiyabrāhmaṇagahapatimahāsālā uppajjanti. Idañcettha kapilavatthu nāma nagaraṃ, tattha mayā nibbattitabbanti niṭṭhaṃ agamāsi.
于是他环视这名为南赡部洲的大洲,长约十万由旬,便观察该大洲中央之地。中央地域名为“象林邑”,东为大舍城,西有对岸民众,南北居中。东南方向有萨拉瓦蒂河,河对岸亦为民众,南北居中。南方边界为名叫舍多迦尼迦的邑,后又有民众居处,南北居中。西方有兜那婆罗门村,附近亦有民众。北方有名为牛犊山的山峦,山后又有民众聚居,皆居于南北之间。此处长约三百由旬,宽约八十八由旬,面积约九千由旬方,此处佛陀与诸独觉、初向沙弥至大弟子、转轮王及其他大豪族皆曾出现。这里便是名为迦毗罗卫的城,那是我佛陀应当出生、完成觉悟、入灭之地。
Tato kulaṃ vilokento ‘‘buddhā nāma vessakule vā suddakule vā na nibbattanti. Lokasammate pana khattiyakule vā brāhmaṇakule vāti dvīsuyeva kulesu nibbattanti. Idāni ca khattiyakulaṃ lokasammataṃ, tattha nibbattissāmi. Suddhodano nāma rājā me pitā bhavissatī’’ti kulaṃ passi.
继而他观察佛陀所出家族,思维“佛陀不会出生于贱姓或奴姓中,只会出生于被世俗所认同的士族或婆罗门家族。今我将出生于世俗承认的士族之中,我父亲必为名为苏达多的国王。”
Tato mātaraṃ vilokento ‘‘buddhamātā nāma lolā surādhuttā na hoti, kappasatasahassaṃ pana pūritapāramī jātito paṭṭhāya akhaṇḍapañcasīlāyeva hoti. Ayañca mahāmāyā nāma devī edisī, ayaṃ me mātā bhavissati. Kittakaṃ panassā āyūti dasannaṃ māsānaṃ upari satta divasānī’’ti passi.
再看佛陀之母,心念“佛母并非酒色嗜好者,而出生于百世修满不坏五戒功德之中。此母名为摩诃摩耶,是我所将来的母亲。她寿命虽仅有十年零七个月零七日。”
Iti imaṃ pañcamahāvilokanaṃ viloketvā ‘‘kālo me, mārisā, buddhabhāvāyā’’ti devatānaṃ saṅgahaṃ karonto paṭiññaṃ datvā ‘‘gacchatha, tumhe’’ti tā devatā uyyojetvā tusitadevatāhi parivuto tusitapure nandanavanaṃ pāvisi. Sabbadevalokesu hi nandanavanaṃ atthiyeva. Tattha naṃ devatā ‘‘ito cuto sugatiṃ gaccha, ito cuto sugatiṃ gacchā’’ti pubbe katakusalakammokāsaṃ sārayamānā vicaranti. So evaṃ devatāhi kusalaṃ sārayamānāhi parivuto tattha vicarantoyeva cavitvā mahāmāyāya deviyā kucchismiṃ paṭisandhiṃ gaṇhi.
这样观察完五大观察后,他对诸天说:“魔子啊,我已找到应当时节作佛。”然后这诸天接受他的请求,受命前去,诸天拥护入住忉利天宫的欢喜林中。欢喜林乃诸天界共有的地方。诸天在欢喜林中,追念以往善业果报之所至。然后这尊大梵天即离开诸天,前往与摩耶夫人结合之处。
Tassa āvibhāvatthaṃ ayaṃ anupubbikathā – tadā kira kapilavatthunagare āsāḷhinakkhattaṃ saṅghuṭṭhaṃ ahosi, mahājano nakkhattaṃ kīḷati. Mahāmāyāpi devī pure puṇṇamāya sattamadivasato paṭṭhāya vigatasurāpānaṃ mālāgandhavibhūtisampannaṃ nakkhattakīḷaṃ anubhavamānā sattame divase pātova uṭṭhāya gandhodakena nhāyitvā cattāri satasahassāni vissajjetvā mahādānaṃ datvā sabbālaṅkāravibhūsitā varabhojanaṃ bhuñjitvā uposathaṅgāni adhiṭṭhāya alaṅkatapaṭiyattaṃ sirigabbhaṃ pavisitvā sirisayane nipannā niddaṃ okkamamānā imaṃ supinaṃ addasa – cattāro kira naṃ mahārājāno sayaneneva saddhiṃ ukkhipitvā himavantaṃ netvā saṭṭhiyojanike manosilātale sattayojanikassa mahāsālarukkhassa heṭṭhā ṭhapetvā ekamantaṃ aṭṭhaṃsu. Atha nesaṃ deviyo āgantvā deviṃ anotattadahaṃ netvā manussamalaharaṇatthaṃ nhāpetvā dibbavatthaṃ nivāsāpetvā gandhehi vilimpāpetvā dibbapupphāni piḷandhāpetvā tato avidūre eko rajatapabbato atthi, tassa anto kanakavimānaṃ atthi, tattha pācīnasīsakaṃ dibbasayanaṃ paññāpetvā nipajjāpesuṃ. Atha bodhisatto setavaravāraṇo hutvā tato avidūre eko suvaṇṇapabbato atthi, tattha vicaritvā tato oruyha rajatapabbataṃ abhiruhitvā uttaradisato āgamma rajatadāmavaṇṇāya soṇḍāya setapadumaṃ gahetvā koñcanādaṃ naditvā kanakavimānaṃ pavisitvā mātusayanaṃ tikkhattuṃ padakkhiṇaṃ katvā dakkhiṇapassaṃ phāletvā kucchiṃ paviṭṭhasadiso ahosīti. Evaṃ uttarāsāḷhanakkhattena paṭisandhiṃ gaṇhi.
这部分开示属于逐渐启示的说明——当时在咖毕拉树城,八月望日集会满众,众多大德于星宿之间游戏。大摩耶夫人当时在宫中,望见满月出现在怀胎第七天,她已戒除饮酒,身披香花香饵,于怀胎第七日清晨起身,以香水沐浴,布施七十万物品,献上盛大供养,穿戴华美,守持斋戒,整饰庄严,进入尊贵宫殿,寝于头枕上沉睡,梦中见四大国王与她同卧,将她托举,飞越喜马拉雅山脉,停在距心界六十由旬,高耸七十由旬的巨大楝树下,一处偏僻之地。有女天神前来,作净身礼敬,并以浴水沐浴她,安置天衣,涂洒香气,献上天花。离此不远,有一座银色山峦,山内有金色宝殿,殿中摆放着面朝南侧的天神卧榻。接着太子化身设跋婆罗树下。不远处,有一座金色山峰,太子在山中巡视,攀登银山,朝北而至,携带白莲花,绕行三周,绕过南面投下花瓣,卧于皇家宝座,似与宝座融合。由此与八月望星宿合会而生。
Punadivase pabuddhā devī taṃ supinaṃ rañño ārocesi. Rājā catusaṭṭhimatte brāhmaṇapāmokkhe pakkosāpetvā gomayaharitūpalittāya lājādīhi katamaṅgalasakkārāya bhūmiyā mahārahāni āsanāni paññāpetvā tattha nisinnānaṃ brāhmaṇānaṃ sappimadhusakkharābhisaṅkhatassa varapāyāsassa suvaṇṇarajatapātiyo pūretvā suvaṇṇarajatapātīhiyeva paṭikujjitvā adāsi, aññehi ca ahatavatthakapilagāvidānādīhi te santappesi. Atha nesaṃ sabbakāmehi santappitānaṃ brāhmaṇānaṃ supinaṃ ārocāpetvā ‘‘kiṃ bhavissatī’’ti pucchi. Brāhmaṇā āhaṃsu – ‘‘mā cintayi, mahārāja, deviyā te kucchimhi gabbho patiṭṭhito, so ca kho purisagabbho, na itthigabbho, putto te bhavissati, so sace agāraṃ ajjhāvasissati, rājā bhavissati cakkavattī. Sace agārā nikkhamma pabbajissati, buddho bhavissati loke vivaṭacchado’’ti.
翌日,觉悟女神询问这梦境给国王。国王在四十六位婆罗门长者前设供,施舍以草席、牛奶、油膏、酥油等供养物品,设宫殿,施放黄金银色宝器,邀众婆罗门饮用蜜酒,为众婆罗门解忧。随后她询问众婆罗门今后会发生何事。婆罗门答言:「不必忧虑,大王,女神腹中有胎,该子是男非女,若胎儿能在宫中安养长大,必成皇帝;若出家修行,则当成佛陀、世间解脱者。」
Bodhisattassa pana mātukucchimhi paṭisandhiggahaṇakkhaṇeyeva ekappahāreneva sakaladasasahassī lokadhātu saṅkampi sampakampi sampavedhi. Dvattiṃsa pubbanimittāni pāturahesuṃ – dasasu cakkavāḷasahassesu appamāṇo obhāso phari. Tassa taṃ siriṃ daṭṭhukāmā viya andhā cakkhūni paṭilabhiṃsu, badhirā saddaṃ suṇiṃsu, mūgā samālapiṃsu, khujjā ujugattā ahesuṃ, paṅgulā padasā gamanaṃ paṭilabhiṃsu, bandhanagatā sabbasattā andubandhanādīhi mucciṃsu, sabbanirayesu aggī nibbāyiṃsu, pettivisayesu khuppipāsā vūpasamiṃsu, tiracchānānaṃ bhayaṃ nāhosi, sabbasattānaṃ rogo vūpasami, sabbasattā piyaṃvadā ahesuṃ, madhurenākārena assā hasiṃsu, vāraṇā gajjiṃsu, sabbatūriyāni sakaṃ sakaṃ ninnādaṃ muñciṃsu, aghaṭṭitāniyeva manussānaṃ hatthūpagādīni ābharaṇāni viraviṃsu, sabbā disā vippasannā ahesuṃ, sattānaṃ sukhaṃ uppādayamāno mudusītalo vāto vāyi, akālamegho vassi, pathavitopi udakaṃ ubbhijjitvā vissandi, pakkhino ākāsagamanaṃ vijahiṃsu, nadiyo asandamānā aṭṭhaṃsu, mahāsamuddo madhurodako ahosi, sabbatthakameva pañcavaṇṇehi padumehi sañchannatalo ahosi, thalajajalajādīni sabbapupphāni pupphiṃsu, rukkhānaṃ khandhesu khandhapadumāni, sākhāsu sākhāpadumāni, latāsu latāpadumāni pupphiṃsu, ghanasilātalāni bhinditvā uparūpari satapattāni hutvā daṇḍapadumāni nāma nikkhamiṃsu, ākāse olambakapadumāni nāma nibbattiṃsu, samantato pupphavassāni vassiṃsu. Ākāse dibbatūriyāni vajjiṃsu, sakaladasasahassī lokadhātu vaṭṭetvā vissaṭṭhamālāguḷo viya, uppīḷetvā baddhamālākalāpo viya, alaṅkatapaṭiyattamālāsanaṃ viya ca ekamālāmālinī vipphurantavāḷabījanī pupphadhūpagandhaparivāsitā paramasobhaggappattā ahosi.
当时太子即于母亲腹中受孕那刻,便感应到宏大无边的三千大千世界,感知世界一切相状。共有三十二种预兆显现——天地十方之大光辉无量无边。众生若欲见此光,犹如盲者见光,聋者闻声,哑者能语,跛者能行,众生挣脱束缚,火焰燎灭,饿鬼饥渴得解,畜生无畏,众生病苦消除,众生和善慈语,露出甜美微笑,放声欢叫,驱赶邪魔,除去凡人锁链宝饰,遍体光明,风雨及时,飞鸟自由,河流不断,大海甘甜,遍地花开,树木繁茂,叶枝上开出莲花,藤蔓开花,厚重绿叶断裂形成称为「宝莲」的花朵,空中浮现悬挂莲花,普遍花雨飘洒。天鸟飞舞,三千大千世界如珠链绕缚,佩戴如束缚链条,华丽庄严,散发极致芬芳,极为美妙光辉。
Evaṃ gahitapaṭisandhikassa bodhisattassa paṭisandhiggahaṇakālato paṭṭhāya bodhisattassa ceva bodhisattamātuyā ca upaddavanivāraṇatthaṃ khaggahatthā cattāro devaputtā ārakkhaṃ gaṇhiṃsu. Bodhisattassa mātuyā purisesu rāgacittaṃ nuppajji, lābhaggayasaggappattā ca ahosi sukhinī akilantakāyā. Bodhisattañca antokucchigataṃ vippasanne maṇiratane āvutapaṇḍusuttaṃ viya passati. Yasmā ca bodhisattena vasitakucchi nāma cetiyagabbhasadisā hoti, na sakkā aññena sattena āvasituṃ vā paribhuñjituṃ vā, tasmā bodhisattamātā sattāhajāte bodhisatte kālaṃ katvā tusitapure nibbatti. Yathā ca aññā itthiyo dasamāse appatvāpi atikkamitvāpi nisinnāpi nipannāpi vijāyanti, na evaṃ bodhisattamātā. Sā pana bodhisattaṃ dasamāse kucchinā pariharitvā ṭhitāva vijāyati. Ayaṃ bodhisattamātudhammatā.
在太子初胎成形,太子及母亲遭遇祸害之时,有四位天神手持剑盾守护。母亲心中无贪欲,因得福报而身心安乐。太子在母腹中光明明净,明亮如宝珠。由于这胎成舍利塔圣地,外界无人能侵扰或食其珍宝,故母亲于胎育期过后至忉利天宫安住。正如他女众生于第十个月出生之前即将出生,即使已超越艰难,坐卧安稳且喜悦欢笑,却不能如此非凡。母亲守护太子,第十个月安然生育,彰显母亲的德行。
Mahāmāyāpi devī pattena telaṃ viya dasamāse kucchinā bodhisattaṃ pariharitvā paripuṇṇagabbhā ñātigharaṃ gantukāmā suddhodanamahārājassa ārocesi – ‘‘icchāmahaṃ, deva, kulasantakaṃ devadahanagaraṃ gantu’’nti. Rājā ‘‘sādhū’’ti sampaṭicchitvā kapilavatthuto yāva devadahanagarā maggaṃ samaṃ kāretvā kadalipuṇṇaghaṭadhajapaṭākādīhi alaṅkārehi alaṅkārāpetvā deviṃ sovaṇṇasivikāya nisīdāpetvā amaccasahassena ukkhipāpetvā mahantena parivārena pesesi. Dvinnaṃ pana nagarānaṃ antare ubhayanagaravāsīnampi lumbinīvanaṃ nāma maṅgalasālavanaṃ atthi. Tasmiṃ samaye mūlato paṭṭhāya yāva aggasākhā sabbaṃ ekapāliphullaṃ ahosi, sākhantarehi ceva pupphantarehi ca pañcavaṇṇā bhamaragaṇā nānappakārā ca sakuṇasaṅghā madhurassarena vikūjantā vicaranti. Sakalaṃ lumbinīvanaṃ cittalatāvanasadisaṃ, mahānubhāvassa rañño susajjitaāpānamaṇḍalaṃ viya ahosi. Deviyā taṃ disvā sālavane kīḷitukāmatā udapādi. Amaccā deviṃ gahetvā sālavanaṃ pavisiṃsu. Sā maṅgalasālamūlaṃ upagantvā sālasākhaṃ gaṇhitukāmā ahosi, sālasākhā suseditavettaggaṃ viya oṇamitvā deviyā hatthasamīpaṃ upagañchi. Sā hatthaṃ pasāretvā sākhaṃ aggahesi. Tāvadeva ca deviyā kammajavātā caliṃsu, athassā sāṇiṃ parikkhipāpetvā mahājano paṭikkami, sālasākhaṃ gahetvā tiṭṭhamānāya eva cassā gabbhavuṭṭhānaṃ ahosi. Taṅkhaṇaññeva cattāro visuddhacittā mahābrahmāno suvaṇṇajālaṃ ādāya sampattā. Te tena suvaṇṇajālena bodhisattaṃ sampaṭicchitvā mātu purato ṭhatvā ‘‘attamanā, devi, hohi, mahesakkho te putto uppanno’’ti āhaṃsu.
大摩耶夫人于第十个月怀胎期间,欲以甘油膏体涂抹太子,遂请求父王苏提王同意前往迦毗罗城。王同意后,从迦毗罗城修建通路至迦毗罗城,布置玉石、锦缎等装饰,设立金色帐篷,招待夫人,并派出护卫千人随行。两城之间,有一片名为卢比尼林的吉祥沙罗树林。此林内大树皆已萌芽生花,蜜蜂群集,自由飞舞,充满蜜甜香气,如贤王的庄严花池。夫人想入林嬉戏,童子护卫随行入林。夫人至树根,欲折取沙罗枝。枝条如成熟稻穗般轻垂,夫人伸手摘取。此时四天王持金网,罩住太子,将其安置母亲前,称:“愿你安乐,夫人,尊贵的太子已经出生了。”
Yathā pana aññe sattā mātukucchito nikkhamantā paṭikūlena asucinā makkhitā nikkhamanti, na evaṃ bodhisatto. So pana dhammāsanato otaranto dhammakathiko viya, nisseṇito otaranto puriso viya ca dve hatthe dve ca pāde pasāretvā ṭhitakova mātukucchisambhavena kenaci asucinā amakkhito suddho visado kāsikavatthe nikkhittamaṇiratanaṃ viya jotento mātukucchito nikkhami. Evaṃ santepi bodhisattassa ca bodhisattamātuyā ca sakkāratthaṃ ākāsato dve udakadhārā nikkhamitvā bodhisattassa ca bodhisattamātuyā ca sarīre utuṃ gāhāpesuṃ.
譬喻其他众生母腹中胎儿出生时,常携带污秽污垢,混沌昏暗。如出家修行者下山,扫除尘垢,挺立于清净之地——太子胎光明澄彻,犹如夜空中照耀灯塔。如此,太子与太母身体中受两道圣水流出,清净身心,彼此光益。
Atha naṃ suvaṇṇajālena paṭiggahetvā ṭhitānaṃ brahmānaṃ hatthato cattāro mahārājāno maṅgalasammatāya sukhasamphassāya ajinappaveṇiyā gaṇhiṃsu, tesaṃ hatthato manussā dukūlacumbaṭakena gaṇhiṃsu, manussānaṃ hatthato muccitvā pathaviyaṃ patiṭṭhāya puratthimadisaṃ olokesi, anekāni cakkavāḷasahassāni ekaṅgaṇāni ahesuṃ. Tattha devamanussā gandhamālādīhi pūjayamānā ‘‘mahāpurisa, idha tumhehi sadiso añño natthi, kutettha uttaritaro’’ti āhaṃsu. Evaṃ catasso disā , catasso anudisā ca heṭṭhā, uparīti dasapi disā anuviloketvā attanā sadisaṃ kañci adisvā ‘‘ayaṃ uttarādisā’’ti sattapadavītihārena agamāsi mahābrahmunā setacchattaṃ dhārayamānena, suyāmena vāḷabījaniṃ, aññāhi ca devatāhi sesarājakakudhabhaṇḍahatthāhi anugammamāno. Tato sattamapade ṭhito ‘‘aggohamasmi lokassā’’tiādikaṃ āsabhiṃ vācaṃ nicchārento sīhanādaṃ nadi.
于是,四位拥有大威德的梵天,以金丝织网捕获居于其中的众多梵天,作为吉祥和谐之事以欢喜感受归纳并掌握了这团金丝草。梵天们以手掌抓住众人,以人为中心,放开众人,使他们安稳地立于大地,向东方观望,出现了数以千计的天界大地。此时,天人与人们相互献上香花以示敬礼,称赞说:“伟大的人啊,在你们这样的人中,再无有与您相似的,哪里还能找到更高尚者呢?”如此,除了东、西、南、北四方,又向上下十方诸方遍观,自身认得一方为“北方”。他们以七步诗歌形式前行,其中大梵持有莲花伞盖,旁有多名天神随跪侍侍奉,手执皇权之杖。第七步上立定后,发出“我是世界之火炬”等诸多庄严语,随之传出如狮吼般威声。
Bodhisatto hi tīsu attabhāvesu mātukucchito nikkhantamattova vācaṃ nicchāresi mahosadhattabhāve, vessantarattabhāve, imasmiṃ attabhāve cāti. Mahosadhattabhāve kirassa mātukucchito nikkhamantasseva sakko devarājā āgantvā candanasāraṃ hatthe ṭhapetvā gato. So taṃ muṭṭhiyaṃ katvāva nikkhanto. Atha naṃ mātā ‘‘tāta, kiṃ gahetvā āgatosī’’ti pucchi. ‘‘Osadhaṃ, ammā’’ti. Iti osadhaṃ gahetvā āgatattā ‘‘osadhadārako’’tvevassa nāmaṃ akaṃsu. Taṃ osadhaṃ gahetvā cāṭiyaṃ pakkhipiṃsu, āgatāgatānaṃ andhabadhirādīnaṃ tadeva sabbarogavūpasamāya bhesajjaṃ ahosi. Tato ‘‘mahantaṃ idaṃ osadhaṃ, mahantaṃ idaṃ osadha’’nti uppannavacanaṃ upādāya ‘‘mahosadho’’tvevassa nāmaṃ jātaṃ. Vessantarattabhāve pana mātukucchito nikkhamanto dakkhiṇahatthaṃ pasāretvāva ‘‘atthi nu kho, amma, kiñci gehasmiṃ, dānaṃ dassāmī’’ti vadanto nikkhami. Athassa mātā ‘‘sadhane kule nibbattosi, tātā’’ti puttassa hatthaṃ attano hatthatale katvā sahassatthavikaṃ ṭhapāpesi. Imasmiṃ pana attabhāve imaṃ sīhanādaṃ nadīti evaṃ bodhisatto tīsu attabhāvesu mātukucchito nikkhantamattova vācaṃ nicchāresi. Yathā ca paṭisandhiggahaṇakkhaṇe tathā jātikkhaṇepissa dvattiṃsa pubbanimittāni pāturahesuṃ. Yasmiṃ pana samaye amhākaṃ bodhisatto lumbinīvane jāto, tasmiṃyeva samaye rāhulamātādevī, ānandatthero,channo amacco, kāḷudāyī amacco, kaṇḍako assarājā, mahābodhirukkho, catasso nidhikumbhiyo ca jātā. Tattha ekā nidhikumbhī gāvutappamāṇā, ekā aḍḍhayojanappamāṇā, ekā tigāvutappamāṇā, ekā yojanappamāṇā. Gambhīrato pathavīpariyantā eva ahosīti. Ime satta sahajātā nāma.
菩萨在三世身中,皆以对母亲的孝敬之情出家,话语简洁如仅为离去而嘱咐。他于大旃陀世时,亦如梵天萨咖天帝般降临,手执檀香净水而去。母亲问:“儿啊,你带回了什么?”答以:“药物,母亲。”因携带此药而得名“药物之子”。他将药物抛掷于空中,对盲聋诸人皆成治愈之良药。于是生起“这是大药,这是真药”之语,遂得“摩诃萨陀”之号。于毗舍离世,出家时伸出右手,问母亲是否屋内有可供施舍之物,母将千金放于其掌中以示资助。于是此世菩萨发声如狮吼。由此可见菩萨三世身皆具孝心,出家时话语简洁通达。同时,他于转世受孕初时,记得二十三道前世因缘。当时菩萨在蓝毗尼出生,母亲为难陀,师长阿难尊者,弟弟宰母、戍太子、桑加王、广施大树、四个财藏罐皆同生。各财藏罐大小不一,从一尼迦度到三百尼迦,他的周围土地十分深广,合称七个同胞兄弟。
Ubhayanagaravāsino bodhisattaṃ gahetvā kapilavatthunagarameva agamaṃsu. Taṃ divasaṃyeva ca ‘‘kapilavatthunagare suddhodanamahārājassa putto jāto, ayaṃ kumāro bodhimūle nisīditvā buddho bhavissatī’’ti tāvatiṃsabhavane haṭṭhatuṭṭhā devasaṅghā celukkhepādīni pavattentā kīḷiṃsu. Tasmiṃ samaye suddhodanamahārājassa kulūpako aṭṭhasamāpattilābhī kāladevalo nāma tāpaso bhattakiccaṃ katvā divāvihāratthāya tāvatiṃsabhavanaṃ gantvā tattha divāvihāraṃ nisinno tā devatā tathā kīḷamānā disvā ‘‘kiṃ kāraṇā tumhe evaṃ tuṭṭhamānasā kīḷatha, mayhampetaṃ kāraṇaṃ kathethā’’ti pucchi. Devatā āhaṃsu – ‘‘mārisa, suddhodanamahārājassa putto jāto, so bodhimaṇḍe nisīditvā buddho hutvā dhammacakkaṃ pavattessati, ‘tassa anantaṃ buddhalīḷaṃ daṭṭhuṃ, dhammañca sotuṃ lacchāmā’ti iminā kāraṇena tuṭṭhāmhā’’ti. Tāpaso tāsaṃ vacanaṃ sutvā khippaṃ devalokato oruyha rājanivesanaṃ pavisitvā paññattāsane nisinno ‘‘putto kira te, mahārāja, jāto, passissāmi na’’nti āha. Rājā alaṅkatapaṭiyattaṃ kumāraṃ āharāpetvā tāpasaṃ vandāpetuṃ abhihari. Bodhisattassa pādā parivattitvā tāpasassa jaṭāsu patiṭṭhahiṃsu. Bodhisattassa hi tenattabhāvena vanditabbayuttako nāma añño natthi. Sace hi ajānantā bodhisattassa sīsaṃ tāpasassa pādamūle ṭhapeyyuṃ, sattadhā tassa muddhā phaleyya. Tāpaso ‘‘na me attānaṃ nāsetuṃ yutta’’nti uṭṭhāyāsanā bodhisattassa añjaliṃ paggahesi. Rājā taṃ acchariyaṃ disvā attano puttaṃ vandi.
两城居民抬举菩萨,来到迦毗罗卫城。同日,有天众在三十三天宫嬉戏,传言迦毗罗卫城纯陀达那大王生子,此子必将坐于菩提树下成佛。苦行者迦罗陀罗放下世俗事务,白天前往三十三天宫,见天众戏乐,问为何如此欢喜。天众告知:“魔王啊,纯陀达那大王刚生下一子,他将坐于菩提树下成佛,将转法轮,因此我们欢喜庆祝。”苦行者闻言,速从天界下界至王宫坐定,说:“陛下,您的儿子刚出生,我欲观之。”国王将臣仆带至王子面前,苦行者向王子顶礼。菩萨头发倒挂于苦行者头上,若有人胡乱放置,将遭七倍惩罚。苦行者起身接纳菩萨礼敬,国王见状感到惊奇,礼敬自己的儿子。
Tāpaso atīte cattālīsa kappe, anāgate cattālīsāti asīti kappe anussarati. Bodhisattassa lakkhaṇasampattiṃ disvā ‘‘bhavissati nu kho buddho, udāhu no’’ti āvajjetvā upadhārento ‘‘nissaṃsayena buddho bhavissatī’’ti ñatvā ‘‘acchariyapuriso aya’’nti sitaṃ akāsi. Tato ‘‘ahaṃ imaṃ acchariyapurisaṃ buddhabhūtaṃ daṭṭhuṃ labhissāmi nu kho, no’’ti upadhārento ‘‘na labhissāmi, antarāyeva kālaṃ katvā buddhasatenapi buddhasahassenapi gantvā bodhetuṃ asakkuṇeyye arūpabhave nibbattissāmī’’ti disvā ‘‘evarūpaṃ nāma acchariyapurisaṃ buddhabhūtaṃ daṭṭhuṃ na labhissāmi, mahatī vata me jāni bhavissatī’’ti parodi.
苦行者回忆前世,在过往四十八劫和未来八十八劫间忆念。目睹菩萨瑞相,起疑问:“他真的将成佛吗?”随即又断定“一定会成佛”,“他是极奇异的人物”。于是又说:“我必得见此奇异人成佛之景象,不然不到佛陀座前,不见佛法,终将沦为无色界生。”遂起大志,立誓必见此奇异成佛之人。
Manussā disvā ‘‘amhākaṃ ayyo idāneva hasitvā puna paroditvā patiṭṭhito, kiṃ nu kho, bhante, amhākaṃ ayyaputtassa koci antarāyo bhavissatī’’ti taṃ pucchiṃsu. ‘‘Natthetassa antarāyo, nissaṃsayena buddho bhavissatī’’ti. ‘‘Atha kasmā, bhante, paroditthā’’ti? ‘‘Evarūpaṃ purisaṃ buddhabhūtaṃ daṭṭhuṃ na labhissāmi, ‘mahatī vata me jāni bhavissatī’ti attānaṃ anusocanto rodāmī’’ti āha. Tato so ‘‘kiṃ nu kho me ñātakesu koci ekaṃ buddhabhūtaṃ daṭṭhuṃ labhissatī’’ti upadhārento attano bhāgineyyaṃ nālakadārakaṃ addasa. So bhaginiyā gehaṃ gantvā ‘‘kahaṃ te putto nālako’’ti? ‘‘Atthi gehe, ayyā’’ti. ‘‘Pakkosāhi na’’nti pakkosāpetvā attano santikaṃ āgataṃ kumāraṃ āha – ‘‘tāta, suddhodanamahārājassa kule putto jāto, buddhaṅkuro eso, pañcatiṃsa vassāni atikkamitvā buddho bhavissati, tvaṃ etaṃ daṭṭhuṃ labhissasi, ajjeva pabbajāhī’’ti. Sattāsītikoṭidhane kule nibbattadārakopi ‘‘na maṃ mātulo anatthe niyojessatī’’ti cintetvā tāvadeva antarāpaṇato kāsāyāni ceva mattikāpattañca āharāpetvā kesamassuṃ ohāretvā kāsāyāni vatthāni acchādetvā ‘‘yo loke uttamapuggalo, taṃ uddissa mayhaṃ pabbajjā’’ti bodhisattābhimukhaṃ añjaliṃ paggayha pañcapatiṭṭhitena vanditvā pattaṃ thavikāya pakkhipitvā aṃsakūṭe olaggetvā himavantaṃ pavisitvā samaṇadhammaṃ akāsi. So paramābhisambodhippattaṃ tathāgataṃ upasaṅkamitvā nālakapaṭipadaṃ kathāpetvā puna himavantaṃ pavisitvā arahattaṃ patvā ukkaṭṭhapaṭipadaṃ paṭipanno satteva māse āyuṃ pāletvā ekaṃ suvaṇṇapabbataṃ nissāya ṭhitakova anupādisesāya nibbānadhātuyā parinibbāyi.
世人见菩萨屡繁,笑逐颜开,复又忧戚,问道:“大师,孩儿遇何阻碍?”答曰:“无碍,佛必成就。”问何以为障,答说:“见此奇特人成佛之景象未得,痛哭自怜。”其后又问:“吾亲属中有无成佛者?”答曰:“见一名十四岁的堂弟。”他去拜访,询问其母:“子名谁?”答曰:“在家。”他催促堂弟说:“儿啊,你是纯陀达那大王之家子嗣,佛种子,年满三十五必成佛,你今见此,今日便出家吧。”此娃生于七十八亿家族之一,为防母方来害,不携女子,取粗布和陶盘盖身,披盖遮体,向菩萨顶礼,立誓于世界上最尊大的人面前出家。菩萨再击节于藏王后,攀越雪山,修行圣道,终生守护生命三十个月,依金山为靠,涅槃无著。
Bodhisattampi kho pañcamadivase sīsaṃ nhāpetvā ‘‘nāmaggahaṇaṃ gaṇhissāmā’’ti rājabhavanaṃ catujjātiyagandhehi vilimpetvā lājapañcamakāni pupphāni vikiritvā asambhinnapāyāsaṃ sampādetvā tiṇṇaṃ vedānaṃ pāraṅgate aṭṭhasataṃ brāhmaṇe nimantetvā rājabhavane nisīdāpetvā subhojanaṃ bhojāpetvā mahāsakkāraṃ katvā ‘‘kiṃ nu kho bhavissatī’’ti lakkhaṇāni pariggahāpesuṃ. Tesu –
菩萨于第五天沐浴头颅,自言:“我要就此开始无畏之行。”在王宫中弥漫四种香草之气,散置五色花瓣,调制香甜粥,供养八百婆罗门,请其至王宫坐下,赐食为敬,遂凭诸相判断未来之事。
‘‘Rāmo dhajo lakkhaṇo cāpi mantī, yañño subhojo suyāmo sudatto;
“拉摩者,旌旗与标记者,亦是智者;诸祭祀仪式清净庄严,调御善行、品性高洁;
Ete tadā aṭṭha ahesuṃ brāhmaṇā, chaḷaṅgavā mantaṃ viyākariṃsū’’ti. (ma. ni. aṭṭha. 1.284) –
当时这八人是婆罗门,他们详细地陈述了那个标记。”(《中部》卷八·284)——
Ime aṭṭheva brāhmaṇā lakkhaṇapariggāhakā ahesuṃ. Paṭisandhiggahaṇadivase supinopi eteheva pariggahito . Tesu satta janā dve aṅguliyo ukkhipitvā dvidhā naṃ byākariṃsu – ‘‘imehi lakkhaṇehi samannāgato sace agāraṃ ajjhāvasissati, rājā bhavissati cakkavattī, sace pabbajissati, buddho bhavissatī’’ti sabbaṃ cakkavattirañño sirivibhavaṃ ācikkhiṃsu. Tesaṃ pana sabbadaharo gottato koṇḍañño nāma māṇavo bodhisattassa varalakkhaṇasampattiṃ oloketvā ‘‘imassa agāramajjhe ṭhānakāraṇaṃ natthi, ekantenesa vivaṭacchado buddho bhavissatī’’ti ekameva aṅguliṃ ukkhipitvā ekaṃsabyākaraṇaṃ byākāsi. Ayañhi katādhikāro pacchimabhavikasatto paññāya itare satta jane abhibhavitvā imehi lakkhaṇehi samannāgatassa bodhisattassa ekantabuddhabhāvasaṅkhātaṃ ekameva gahiṃ addasa, tasmā ekaṃ aṅguliṃ ukkhipitvā evaṃ byākāsi. Athassa nāmaṃ gaṇhantā sabbalokassa atthasiddhikarattā ‘‘siddhattho’’ti nāmaṃ akaṃsu.
这八位婆罗门正是标记的收藏者。在相续会合之际,即便睡梦中也收藏此八物。其中七人拔起两手指分作二,分别陈说:“若具足这些标记者虽居家,必将成为国王王者;若出家,则必将成佛。”他们尽述如来王者集群的荣耀繁盛。然而出自他们部族、名为阇晁耶的学童,察看菩萨的种种优异标记后说:“此家中无成道之因,唯此单一指相清净断除,必将成佛。”此言即为主导权者,后世者以智慧制服另外七人,以此种种标记推断此具足标记的菩萨必定终成唯一正觉,因此拔起一指,只说一处指相。其后那名字为“成就者”,为应全世界利益的聚集而起。
Atha kho te brāhmaṇā attano attano gharāni gantvā putte āmantayiṃsu – ‘‘tātā, amhe mahallakā, suddhodanamahārājassa puttaṃ sabbaññutaṃ pattaṃ mayaṃ sambhāveyyāma vā no vā, tumhe tasmiṃ kumāre sabbaññutaṃ patte tassa sāsane pabbajeyyāthā’’ti. Te sattapi janā yāvatāyukaṃ ṭhatvā yathākammaṃ gatā, koṇḍaññamāṇavoyeva pana arogo ahosi. So mahāsatte vuddhimanvāya mahābhinikkhamanaṃ nikkhamitvā pabbajitvā anakkamena uruvelaṃ gantvā ‘‘ramaṇīyo vata ayaṃ bhūmibhāgo, alaṃ vatidaṃ padhānatthikassa kulaputtassa padhānāyā’’ti cittaṃ uppādetvā tattha vāsaṃ upagate ‘‘mahāpuriso pabbajito’’ti sutvā tesaṃ brāhmaṇānaṃ putte upasaṅkamitvā evamāha – ‘‘siddhatthakumāro kira pabbajito, so nissaṃsayena buddho bhavissati. Sace tumhākaṃ pitaro arogā assu, ajja nikkhamitvā pabbajeyyuṃ. Sace tumhepi iccheyyātha, etha, mayaṃ taṃ mahāpurisaṃ anupabbajissāmā’’ti. Te sabbe ekacchandā bhavituṃ nāsakkhiṃsu, tesu tayo janā na pabbajiṃsu, koṇḍaññabrāhmaṇaṃ jeṭṭhakaṃ katvā itare cattāro pabbajiṃsu. Te pañcapi janā pañcavaggiyattherā nāma jātā.
接着这些婆罗门回到各自家中,邀集子弟说:“父亲们,我们这些长者愿意为纯净国王的子嗣成就一切广博法义,或者你们也能在那皇子广博法义中出家。”七人站立整齐,依次前往禀告,但阇晁耶学童却身体健康。此大人以智慧心发大决定,离家出走,直往乌鲁维耶罗,大地美妙,心念:“此处乃贵族之地,正适贵族子应修行处。”到达后,诸婆罗门的子弟至彼近前,说道:“成就者王子确已出家,他必然成佛。如尔你父若健康,今日亦应离家出家。若你愿意,我们亦随同大人出家。”众人齐意无法决断,其中三人未出家,阇晁耶婆罗门年长者留下,其余四人出家。他们中有五人后来成为五部派的长老。
Tadā pana suddhodanarājā – ‘‘kiṃ disvā mayhaṃ putto pabbajissatī’’ti pucchi. ‘‘Cattāri pubbanimittānī’’ti. ‘‘Katarañca katarañcā’’ti? ‘‘Jarājiṇṇaṃ, byādhitaṃ, mataṃ, pabbajita’’nti. Rājā ‘‘ito paṭṭhāya evarūpānaṃ mama puttassa santikaṃ upasaṅkamituṃ mā adattha, mayhaṃ puttassa buddhabhāvena kammaṃ natthi, ahaṃ mama puttaṃ dvisahassadīpaparivārānaṃ, catunnaṃ mahādīpānaṃ, issariyādhipaccaṃ cakkavattirajjaṃ karontaṃ chattiṃsayojanaparimaṇḍalāya parisāya parivutaṃ gaganatale vicaramānaṃ passitukāmo’’ti. Evañca pana vatvā imesaṃ catuppakārānaṃ nimittānaṃ kumārassa cakkhupathe āgamananivāraṇatthaṃ catūsu disāsu gāvute gāvute ārakkhaṃ ṭhapesi. Taṃ divasañca maṅgalaṭṭhāne sannipatitesu asītiyā ñātikulasahassesu ekameko ekamekaṃ puttaṃ paṭijāni – ‘‘ayaṃ buddho vā hotu rājā vā, mayaṃ ekametaṃ puttaṃ dassāma. Sacepi buddho bhavissati, khattiyasamaṇagaṇeheva parivārito vicarissati. Sacepi rājā bhavissati, khattiyakumāreheva purakkhataparivārito vicarissatī’’ti. Rājāpi bodhisattassa uttamarūpasampannā vigatasabbadosā dhātiyo paccupaṭṭhāpesi. Bodhisatto mahantena parivārena mahantena sirisobhaggena vaḍḍhati.
那时纯净王问:“何因见我子将出家?”答言:“四种前行相。”问:“何者何者?”答曰:“年老、病苦、死亡、已出家。”王道:“从此处起不可遣逐我子,见他为佛无因,我王虽有二千岛及四强大洲封境,统领三十六由旬广袤的沙界,环绕天空游行,我愿见之。”于是置守卫于四方之乡村,防止圣子入世。当天于多福树场聚集有数十万亲族,一一献子曰:“此乃佛或王,我当示此一子。若为佛,必如士族游行环护;若为王,必如士族世子随行环护。”王为菩萨赋以超凡逸美而清净无垢的体貌。菩萨随大随从装饰壮显。
Athekadivasaṃ rañño vappamaṅgalaṃ nāma ahosi. Taṃ divasaṃ sakalanagaraṃ devanagaraṃ viya alaṅkaronti, sabbe dāsakammakarādayo ahatavatthanivatthā gandhamālādipaṭimaṇḍitā rājakule sannipatanti, rañño kammante naṅgalasahassaṃ yojayanti, tasmiṃ pana divase ekenūnaaṭṭhasatanaṅgalāni saddhiṃ balibaddarasmiyottehi rajataparikkhatāni honti. Rañño ālambananaṅgalaṃ pana rattasuvaṇṇaparikkhataṃ hoti. Balibaddānaṃ siṅgarasmipatodāpi suvaṇṇaparikkhatāva honti. Rājā mahāparivārena nikkhamanto puttaṃ gahetvāva agamāsi. Kammantaṭṭhāne eko jamburukkho bahalapalāso sandacchāyo ahosi. Tassa heṭṭhā kumārassa sayanaṃ paññāpetvā upari suvaṇṇatārakakhacitavitānaṃ bandhāpetvā sāṇipākārena parikkhipāpetvā ārakkhaṃ ṭhapetvā rājā sabbālaṅkāraṃ alaṅkaritvā amaccagaṇaparivuto naṅgalakaraṇaṭṭhānaṃ agamāsi. Tattha rājā suvaṇṇanaṅgalaṃ gaṇhāti, amaccā ekenūnaaṭṭhasatarajatanaṅgalāni, kassakā sesanaṅgalāni. Te tāni gahetvā ito cito ca kasanti. Rājā pana orato vā pāraṃ gacchati, pārato vā oraṃ āgacchati.
有一日,为王举行名为“王仪式吉祥”的盛典。当天整个城市皆装饰得如天界,奴仆工匠等众多齐聚,悉皆浑身涂抹香油花饰,聚集王族。国王宴席时操纵一千犁田,在这一天至少有八百七十犁壮美灿烂,镶金装饰。护持着犁具闪耀金色的光彩。王携儿赴会,途中有一株大槐树荫浓密。王设立寝处于树下,天饰挂于上方,围以金星灯照明,布置护卫。王身着全套华美衣饰,众产者围绕,行至耕作场所。王执黄金犁,众耕者有八百七十犁,犁头残缺或磨损。众取犁,来去往返。
Etasmiṃ ṭhāne mahāsampatti ahosi. Bodhisattaṃ parivāretvā nisinnā dhātiyo ‘‘rañño sampattiṃ passāmā’’ti antosāṇito bahi nikkhantā. Bodhisatto ito cito ca olokento kañci adisvāva vegena uṭṭhāya pallaṅkaṃ ābhujitvā ānāpāne pariggahetvā paṭhamajjhānaṃ nibbattesi. Dhātiyo khajjabhojjantare vicaramānā thokaṃ cirāyiṃsu. Sesarukkhānaṃ chāyā vītivattā, tassa pana jamburukkhassa chāyā parimaṇḍalā hutvā aṭṭhāsi. Dhātiyo ‘‘ayyaputto ekako’’ti vegena sāṇiṃ ukkhipitvā anto pavisamānā bodhisattaṃ sayane pallaṅkena nisinnaṃ tañca pāṭihāriyaṃ disvā gantvā rañño ārocesuṃ – ‘‘deva, kumāro evaṃ nisinno, aññesaṃ rukkhānaṃ chāyā vītivattā, jamburukkhassa pana chāyā parimaṇḍalā ṭhitā’’ti. Rājā vegenāgantvā pāṭihāriyaṃ disvā ‘‘ayaṃ te, tāta, dutiyavandanā’’ti puttaṃ vandi.
在此处发生了极大的财富繁盛。护法众们环绕着菩萨端坐,护法们说道:“让我们来看王者的财富吧!”然后从宫殿外走了出来。菩萨从内外细察后,发现某处似曾相识,便迅速起身,离开卧榻,调摄呼吸,进入初禅。护法们在近旁林地游走,延长了一块长木。鲜叶遮蔽形成林荫,而此处的番石榴树成了林阴的中央,有八方遮盖。护法们急忙跳跃过去,进入林中,看见菩萨安坐卧榻上,见到这异相,纷纷前往告诉国王:“诸天王子独自行坐,此处其他树木的荫蔽已被驱散,唯有番石榴树的荫庇尚存。”国王迅速赶来,观看异相,对儿子说:“这是你的第二次礼敬。”于是国王向儿子表达了敬意。
Atha anukkamena bodhisatto soḷasavassuddesiko jāto. Rājā bodhisattassa tiṇṇaṃ utūnaṃ anucchavike tayo pāsāde kāresi – ekaṃ navabhūmikaṃ, ekaṃ sattabhūmikaṃ, ekaṃ pañcabhūmikaṃ, cattālīsasahassā ca nāṭakitthiyo upaṭṭhāpesi. Bodhisatto devo viya accharāsaṅghaparivuto alaṅkatanāṭakitthīhi parivuto nippurisehi tūriyehi paricāriyamāno mahāsampattiṃ anubhavanto utuvārena tīsu pāsādesu vihāsi. Rāhulamātā panassa devī aggamahesī ahosi.
然后菩萨顺利诞生,活到十六岁。国王为菩萨在三座宫殿中建造了寓所──一座九重宫殿、一座七重宫殿、一座五重宫殿,管理者多达四万三千名乐师和舞者。菩萨如同诸天神灵环绕,遍布多彩的舞蹈娱乐场所,身边跟随着宫女和仕人,体验着极大的财富繁荣,每日安居于这三处宫殿。拉胡拉之母成为德高望重的皇后。
Tassevaṃ mahāsampattiṃ anubhavantassa ekadivasaṃ ñātisaṅghassa abbhantare ayaṃ kathā udapādi – ‘‘siddhattho kīḷāpasutova vicarati, na kiñci sippaṃ sikkhati, saṅgāme paccupaṭṭhite kiṃ karissatī’’ti? Rājā bodhisattaṃ pakkosāpetvā ‘‘tāta, tava ñātakā ‘siddhattho kiñci sippaṃ asikkhitvā kīḷāpasutova vicaratī’ti vadanti, ettha kiṃ sattu pattakāle maññasī’’ti? ‘‘Deva, mama sippaṃ sikkhanakiccaṃ natthi, nagare mama sippadassanatthaṃ bheriṃ carāpetha ‘ito sattame divase ñātakānaṃ sippaṃ dassessāmī’’’ti. Rājā tathā akāsi. Bodhisatto akkhaṇavedhivālavedhidhanuggahe sannipātāpetvā mahājanassa majjhe aññehi dhanuggahehi asādhāraṇaṃ ñātakānaṃ dvādasavidhaṃ sippaṃ dassesi. Taṃ sarabhaṅgajātake āgatanayeneva veditabbaṃ. Tadā tassa ñātisaṅgho nikkaṅkho ahosi.
在享受此丰盛日子时,亲族间生了这样的议论:“悉达多如同游戏之子,什么技艺也不学习,战事来临时他能做什么?”国王派人催促菩萨,言:“孩子啊,你的亲族称悉达多未学一技艺,犹如游戏之子,在这种时候你打算如何?”菩萨答言:“诸天,我没有学习技艺的义务,但为让城中见识我的技艺,请敲击战鼓,届时我将在第七天展示亲族的绝技。”国王如是便行。菩萨组织由弓箭手组成的队伍,在民众中展示十二种特殊技艺,如同《猕猴故事》结尾所显现的珍贵踪迹,亲族因此心生欢喜。
Athekadivasaṃ bodhisatto uyyānabhūmiṃ gantukāmo sārathiṃ āmantetvā ‘‘rathaṃ yojehī’’ti āha. So ‘‘sādhū’’ti paṭissuṇitvā mahārahaṃ uttamarathaṃ sabbālaṅkārena alaṅkaritvā kumudapattavaṇṇe cattāro maṅgalasindhave yojetvā bodhisattassa paṭivedesi. Bodhisatto devavimānasadisaṃ rathaṃ abhiruhitvā uyyānābhimukho agamāsi. Devatā ‘‘siddhatthakumārassa abhisambujjhanakālo āsanno, pubbanimittaṃ dassessāmā’’ti ekaṃ devaputtaṃ jarājiṇṇaṃ khaṇḍadantaṃ palitakesaṃ vaṅkaṃ obhaggasarīraṃ daṇḍahatthaṃ pavedhamānaṃ katvā dassesuṃ. Taṃ bodhisatto ceva sārathi ca passanti. Tato bodhisatto, ‘‘samma, ko nāmesa puriso, kesāpissa na yathā aññesa’’nti mahāpadāne (dī. ni. 2.45) āgatanayena sārathiṃ pucchitvā tassa vacanaṃ sutvā ‘‘dhiratthu vata, bho, jāti , yatra hi nāma jātassa jarā paññāyissatī’’ti saṃviggahadayo tatova paṭinivattitvā pāsādameva abhiruhi. Rājā ‘‘kiṃ kāraṇā mama putto khippaṃ paṭinivattī’’ti pucchi. ‘‘Jiṇṇapurisaṃ disvā, devā’’ti. ‘‘Jiṇṇakaṃ disvā pabbajissatīti āhaṃsu, kasmā maṃ nāsetha, sīghaṃ puttassa nāṭakāni sajjetha, sampattiṃ anubhavanto pabbajjāya satiṃ na karissatī’’ti vatvā ārakkhaṃ vaḍḍhetvā sabbadisāsu addhayojane addhayojane ārakkhaṃ ṭhapesi.
某日,菩萨欲往御苑,让车夫牵引马车,道:“驾车前进。”车夫应声“是”,驾驭着装饰华丽的高级马车,缀有莲花色彩的帷帐,牵引四匹优良骏马,前往见菩萨。菩萨乘坐神祇宫殿般的车辆,来到御苑迎面。天神说:“悉达多太子的受难之兆将至,现予显现一前兆。”一位天子,身形老迈,牙齿断落,头发杂乱,身体弯曲,持拐杖出现,将此相示于菩萨与车夫。菩萨与车夫目睹此相。于是菩萨询问车夫:“诚然,此人姓名为何?头发稀疏似他人不同。”车夫回答:“祈愿他长寿啊!人世间,名字彰显生命,年迈之名由智慧体现。”菩萨愁心忡忡,随后进入宫殿。国王询问:“为何我儿急速退回?”答曰:“诸天,见年迈之人,预示出家之故,我担心儿子若早晚出家,则不再守护王国,恐导致丧失国土。”于是国王增强护卫,四处布置戒备兵。
Punekadivasaṃ bodhisatto tatheva uyyānaṃ gacchanto devatābhinimmitaṃ byādhitaṃ purisaṃ disvā purimanayeneva pucchitvā saṃviggahadayo nivattitvā pāsādaṃ abhiruhi. Rājāpi pucchitvā heṭṭhā vuttanayeneva saṃvidahitvā puna vaḍḍhetvā samantā tigāvutappamāṇe padese ārakkhaṃ ṭhapesi. Aparampi ekadivasaṃ bodhisatto tatheva uyyānaṃ gacchanto devatābhinimmitaṃ kālaṅkataṃ disvā purimanayeneva pucchitvā saṃviggahadayo puna nivattitvā pāsādaṃ abhiruhi. Rājāpi pucchitvā heṭṭhā vuttanayeneva saṃvidahitvā puna vaḍḍhetvā samantato yojanappamāṇe padese ārakkhaṃ ṭhapesi. Aparaṃ panekadivasaṃ uyyānaṃ gacchanto tatheva devatābhinimmitaṃ sunivatthaṃ supārutaṃ pabbajitaṃ disvā ‘‘ko nāmeso sammā’’hi sārathiṃ pucchi. Sārathi kiñcāpi buddhuppādassa abhāvā pabbajitaṃ vā pabbajitaguṇe vā na jānāti, devatānubhāvena pana ‘‘pabbajito nāmāyaṃ, devā’’ti vatvā pabbajjāya guṇe vaṇṇesi. Bodhisatto pabbajjāya ruciṃ uppādetvā taṃ divasaṃ uyyānaṃ agamāsi. Dīghabhāṇakā panāhu – ‘‘cattāripi nimittāni ekadivaseneva disvā agamāsī’’ti.
又一日,菩萨依旧往御苑,遇见装扮成神的患病男子,因恐惧回头,进了宫殿。国王询问,按所言布防,强化戒备,布设近三十里地界警备。过几日,菩萨再往御苑,见一身着神明妆扮的瘦弱、中病男子,因恐惧回头,再入宫殿,国王如之前所令增设戒备,范围扩大至数十里。后来数日,菩萨再去御苑,看见装扮成神明、安静肃穆、穿戴整齐的出家人,询问车夫姓名。车夫不明其是否如来或出家,唯凭神力察觉是“出家者”,并说出出家义理。菩萨遂生出家愿,离开御苑。大诗人如是述说:“一天之内,此菩萨见证四种异相,离开。”
So tattha divasabhāgaṃ kīḷitvā maṅgalapokkharaṇiyaṃ nhāyitvā atthaṅgate sūriye maṅgalasilāpaṭṭe nisīdi attānaṃ alaṅkārāpetukāmo, athassa paricārakapurisā nānāvaṇṇāni dussāni nānappakārā ābharaṇavikatiyo mālāgandhavilepanāni ca ādāya samantā parivāretvā aṭṭhaṃsu. Tasmiṃ khaṇe sakkassa nisinnāsanaṃ uṇhaṃ ahosi. So ‘‘ko nu kho maṃ imamhā ṭhānā cāvetukāmosī’’ti upadhārento bodhisattassa alaṅkāretukāmataṃ ñatvā vissakammaṃ āmantesi – ‘‘samma vissakamma, siddhatthakumāro ajja aḍḍharattasamaye mahābhinikkhamanaṃ nikkhamissati, ayamassa pacchimo alaṅkāro, tvaṃ uyyānaṃ gantvā mahāpurisaṃ dibbālaṅkārehi alaṅkarohī’’ti. So ‘‘sādhū’’ti paṭissuṇitvā devānubhāvena taṅkhaṇaññeva bodhisattaṃ upasaṅkamitvā tasseva kappakasadiso hutvā dibbadussena bodhisattassa sīsaṃ veṭhesi. Bodhisatto hatthasamphasseneva ‘‘nāmaṃ manusso, devaputto aya’’nti aññāsi. Veṭhanena veṭhitamatte sīse moḷiyaṃ maṇiratanākārena dussasahassaṃ abbhuggañchi, puna veṭhentassa dussasahassanti dasakkhattuṃ veṭhentassa dasa dussasahassāni abbhuggacchiṃsu. ‘‘Sīsaṃ khuddakaṃ, dussāni bahūni , kathaṃ abbhuggatānī’’ti na cintetabbaṃ. Tesu hi sabbamahantaṃ āmalakapupphappamāṇaṃ, avasesāni kadambakapupphappamāṇāni ahesuṃ. Bodhisattassa sīsaṃ kiñjakkhagavacchitaṃ viya kuyyakapupphaṃ ahosi.
菩萨当天闲玩,洗浴于祥瑞池中,坐于向阳的吉祥石板上,欲修饰自身。侍从们采集各种鲜花、美好香料及饰物,环绕菩萨约有八人。此刻,萨咖王座上天气炎热。萨咖想:“谁想占据此处?”忽然察觉菩萨前来装饰,便命令侍从,言:“确实如此,悉达多太子今日将启程出门,这是他的最后一次装饰,去园中赴见世尊,如同神明般的富贵人!”侍从答“善哉”,并依萨咖音声,潜伏逼近菩萨,将一百颗有毒珠宝掷入菩萨头部。菩萨瞬间感受到触摸,知此非人,是天子恶意为害。被砸击区域即刻出现如宝石般的千重伤痕,再被砸击则成千上万个伤口,达到一万之多。虽头部创伤细小但伤口甚多,心不可思议。所有珠宝如乌药花般大,残余多为卡丹巴花大小。菩萨头部如被爪痕刻划,显现如黄蜂花般模样。
Athassa sabbālaṅkārapaṭimaṇḍitassa sabbatālāvacaresu sakāni sakāni paṭibhānāni dassayantesu, brāhmaṇesu ‘‘jayanandā’’tiādivacanehi, sutamaṅgalikādīsu ca nānappakārehi maṅgalavacanatthutighosehi sambhāventesu sabbālaṅkārapaṭimaṇḍitaṃ taṃ rathavaraṃ abhiruhi. Tasmiṃ samaye ‘‘rāhulamātā puttaṃ vijātā’’ti sutvā suddhodanamahārājā ‘‘puttassa me tuṭṭhiṃ nivedethā’’ti sāsanaṃ pahiṇi. Bodhisatto taṃ sutvā ‘‘rāhu jāto, bandhanaṃ jāta’’nti āha. Rājā ‘‘kiṃ me putto avacā’’ti pucchitvā taṃ vacanaṃ sutvā ‘‘ito paṭṭhāya me nattā ‘rāhulakumāro’tveva nāma hotū’’ti āha.
彼时,乘坐着装饰华丽的御车,车轮朝各个方向转动,显现出种种光彩。车前有婆罗门等人,用“吉祥胜利”诸类辞句,和诸多祥瑞语音歌颂这辆装饰完全的宝车。此时,闻有“拉胡拉之母生子”等消息,净头王闻知即向佛陀呈现此喜讯,说:“我对儿子很满意,特来报告。”菩萨闻此言,说:“拉胡诞生,束缚也随之产生。”王问:“我的儿子有何过错?”闻言后答道:“请你从此处起立,称此男孩为‘拉胡拉小子’。”
Bodhisattopi kho rathavaraṃ āruyha atimahantena yasena atimanoramena sirisobhaggena nagaraṃ pāvisi. Tasmiṃ samaye kisāgotamī nāma khattiyakaññā uparipāsādavaratalagatā nagaraṃ padakkhiṇaṃ kurumānassa bodhisattassa rūpasiriṃ disvā pītisomanassajātā imaṃ udānaṃ udānesi –
菩萨随后又登上那华美庄严的宝车,以其极为壮观、富丽的光辉进入城市。彼时,有名为祇嫂托米的士族女子,正从上宫殿廊下绕行城市,见到菩萨的美貌光辉,心中升起欢喜与愉悦,作此赞叹偈言——
‘‘Nibbutā nūna sā mātā, nibbuto nūna so pitā;
“母亲已入涅槃,父亲亦入涅槃;
Nibbutā nūna sā nārī, yassāyaṃ īdiso patī’’ti. (dha. sa. aṭṭha. nidānakathā); –
妻也已入涅槃,谁还能是这类男人呢?”(此偈出自《法句经》、《相应部》、《缘起讲义》)
Bodhisatto taṃ sutvā cintesi – ‘‘ayaṃ evamāha – ‘evarūpaṃ attabhāvaṃ passantiyā mātu hadayaṃ nibbāyati, pitu hadayaṃ nibbāyati, pajāpatiyā hadayaṃ nibbāyatī’ti. Kismiṃ nu kho nibbute hadayaṃ nibbutaṃ nāma hotī’’ti. Athassa kilesesu virattamanassa etadahosi – ‘‘rāgaggimhi nibbute nibbutaṃ nāma hoti, dosaggimhi nibbute nibbutaṃ nāma hoti, mohaggimhi nibbute nibbutaṃ nāma hoti, mānadiṭṭhiādīsu sabbakilesadarathesu nibbutesu nibbutaṃ nāma hotī’’ti. ‘‘Ayaṃ me sussavanaṃ sāveti, ahañhi nibbānaṃ gavesanto vicarāmi, ajjeva mayā gharāvāsaṃ chaḍḍetvā nikkhamma pabbajitvā nibbānaṃ gavesituṃ vaṭṭati, ayaṃ imissā ācariyabhāgo hotū’’ti kaṇṭhato omuñcitvā kisāgotamiyā satasahassagghanakaṃ muttāhāraṃ pesesi. Sā ‘‘siddhatthakumāro mayi paṭibaddhacitto hutvā paṇṇākāraṃ pesetī’’ti somanassajātā ahosi.
菩萨闻此沉思:“此偈言:‘见此般的自性,母心熄灭,父心熄灭,家主心熄灭。’何处的心境得名为熄灭呢?”思维于烦恼断灭时,得此理:于贪欲等火焰灭尽时称为熄灭,于嗔恨等火灭尽时亦称熄灭,于愚痴等火灭尽时亦然。又于慢、见等一切烦恼种类断灭时,亦称为熄灭。“此为我所闻之正理,我今正求涅槃,今日当舍宅舍出家以求涅槃,此将成为我老师的别物。”于是从喉咙发出一声呼哨,将千金献与祇嫂托米。祇嫂托米心欣喜,认为:“悉达多小子已投心于我,赠我莲花百朵。”
Bodhisattopi mahantena sirisobhaggena attano pāsādaṃ abhiruhitvā sirisayane nipajji. Tāvadeva ca naṃ sabbālaṅkārapaṭimaṇḍitā naccagītādīsu susikkhitā devakaññā viya rūpasobhaggappattā nāṭakitthiyo nānātūriyāni gahetvā samparivāretvā abhiramāpentiyo naccagītavāditāni payojayiṃsu. Bodhisatto kilesesu virattacittatāya naccādīsu anabhirato muhuttaṃ niddaṃ okkami. Tāpi itthiyo ‘‘yassatthāya mayaṃ naccādīni payojema, so niddaṃ upagato, idāni kimatthaṃ kilamissāmā’’ti gahitagahitāni tūriyāni ajjhottharitvā nipajjiṃsu, gandhatelappadīpā jhāyanti. Bodhisatto pabujjhitvā sayanapiṭṭhe pallaṅkena nisinno addasa tā itthiyo tūriyabhaṇḍāni avattharitvā niddāyantiyo – ekaccā paggharitakheḷā, kilinnagattā, ekaccā dante khādantiyo, ekaccā kākacchantiyo, ekaccā vippalapantiyo, ekaccā vivaṭamukhī, ekaccā apagatavatthā pākaṭabībhacchasambādhaṭṭhānā. So tāsaṃ taṃ vippakāraṃ disvā bhiyyosomattāya kāmesu virattacitto ahosi. Tassa alaṅkatapaṭiyattaṃ sakkabhavanasadisampi taṃ mahātalaṃ vividhanānākuṇapabharitaṃ āmakasusānaṃ viya upaṭṭhāsi, tayo bhavā ādittagehasadisā khādiṃsu – ‘‘upaddutaṃ vata, bho, upassaṭṭhaṃ vata, bho’’ti udānaṃ pavattesi, ativiyassa pabbajjāya cittaṃ nami.
菩萨继登其庄严楼阁,俯身卧于顶上。此时,车轮配饰俱备如天女所饰之庄严,舞者们持乐器伴乐欢舞。菩萨因心远离烦恼,不乐舞蹈,稍作沉睡。然女性们唱着伴奏,奏响各种乐器,还点香油灯。菩萨醒来,坐于卧榻上,见这些妇女摆弄乐器而入睡者,有的独自嬉戏,有的相拥而坐,有的咬牙,有的观望鸦群,有的玩弄毛线球,有的张口相对,有的交头接耳,还有些明显腐烂,充满厌恶之感。见此种种变化后,菩萨心更清净,远离欲爱。此时,装饰华美的车轮旁,有一座如萨咖天宫般的大钟,三头神在旁吃食,唱诵“佛法已被玷污,须当遵守戒律”的偈语。换言之,因过度奢华而出家,内心谦卑。
So ‘‘ajjeva mayā mahābhinikkhamanaṃ nikkhamituṃ vaṭṭatī’’ti sayanā vuṭṭhāya dvārasamīpaṃ gantvā ‘‘ko etthā’’ti āha. Ummāre sīsaṃ katvā nipanno channo – ‘‘ahaṃ, ayyaputta, channo’’ti āha. ‘‘Ajjāhaṃ mahābhinikkhamanaṃ nikkhamitukāmo, ekaṃ me assaṃ kappehī’’ti āha. So ‘‘sādhu, devā’’ti assabhaṇḍakaṃ gahetvā assasālaṃ gantvā gandhatelappadīpesu jalantesu sumanapaṭṭavitānassa heṭṭhā ramaṇīye bhūmibhāge ṭhitaṃ kaṇḍakaṃ assarājānaṃ disvā ‘‘ajja mayā imameva kappetuṃ vaṭṭatī’’ti kaṇḍakaṃ kappesi. So kappiyamānova aññāsi ‘‘ayaṃ kappanā ativiya gāḷhā, aññesu divasesu uyyānakīḷādigamanakāle kappanā viya na hoti , mayhaṃ ayyaputto ajja mahābhinikkhamanaṃ nikkhamitukāmo bhavissatī’’ti. Tato tuṭṭhamānaso mahāhasitaṃ hasi, so saddo sakalanagaraṃ pattharitvā gaccheyya. Devatā pana naṃ sannirumbhitvā na kassaci sotuṃ adaṃsu.
彼时他说:“今天我正值大出行之时,应当出发。”于是他起身,前往门口附近,问:“此处是谁?”乌玛尔剪了头发,盘膝而坐,掩面而对他说:“我是,长官的儿子。”他说:“今日我意欲大出行,一生仅此一次。”他答道:“善哉,天神们!”便携带着宝珠前往浴池,浴池中燃着香油灯,置有芬芳华盖的地下,清净美好之处,见到了护法卡纳达卡王,遂在卡纳达卡的地上坐卧,他说:“今天我正好在此处修习。”他精心修持,心中明了:“此次之修习极为深重,非每日于园中玩耍时汲取之功所及,今我长官之子今日正欲大出行。”于是心满意足放声大笑,笑声传遍整个城镇而去。诸天尊者未曾为此笑声作弄,也无人敢来偷听。
Bodhisattopi kho channaṃ pesetvāva ‘‘puttaṃ tāva passissāmī’’ti cintetvā nisinnapallaṅkato uṭṭhāya rāhulamātuyā vasanaṭṭhānaṃ gantvā gabbhadvāraṃ vivari. Tasmiṃ khaṇe antogabbhe gandhatelappadīpo jhāyati, rāhulamātā sumanamallikādīnaṃ pupphānaṃ ambaṇamattena abhippakiṇṇe sayane puttassa matthake hatthaṃ ṭhapetvā niddāyati. Bodhisatto ummāre pādaṃ ṭhapetvā ṭhitakova oloketvā ‘‘sacāhaṃ deviyā hatthaṃ apanetvā mama puttaṃ gaṇhissāmi, devī pabujjhissati, evaṃ me gamanantarāyo bhavissati, buddho hutvāva āgantvā puttaṃ passissāmī’’ti pāsādatalato otari. Yaṃ pana jātakaṭṭhakathāyaṃ ‘‘tadā sattāhajāto rāhulakumāro hotī’’ti vuttaṃ, taṃ sesaṭṭhakathāsu natthi, tasmā idameva gahetabbaṃ.
菩萨曾遣人送来遮盖之物,心念:“待我见孩子时方可揭示。”于是从床榻起身,前往罗睺罗母亲寓所,开启胎门。忽见腹中香油灯明亮,罗睺罗母亲以香茉莉等花所成之护寝,抚其胸前,安然入睡。菩萨将脚搭于乌玛尔,似立于彼处,远望眺望,说:“我必持此母亲之手,迎取吾子,母亲必觉醒来,如此则我行程无碍,佛已成道,亲自迎我与吾子相见。”于是下楼前往宫门。关于过去本生故事云:“当时罗睺罗孩儿刚生出世。”其他注疏无此记载,因此此义应当采纳。
Evaṃ bodhisatto pāsādatalā otaritvā assasamīpaṃ gantvā evamāha – ‘‘tāta kaṇḍaka, tvaṃ ajja ekarattiṃ maṃ tāraya, ahaṃ taṃ nissāya buddho hutvā sadevakaṃ lokaṃ tārayissāmī’’ti. Tato ullaṅghitvā kaṇḍakassa piṭṭhiṃ abhiruhi. Kaṇḍako gīvato paṭṭhāya āyāmena aṭṭhārasahattho hoti, tadanucchavikena ubbedhena samannāgato thāmajavasampanno sabbaseto dhotasaṅkhasadiso. So sace haseyya vā padasaddaṃ vā kareyya, saddo sakalanagaraṃ avatthareyya, tasmā devatā attano ānubhāvena tassa yathā na koci suṇāti, evaṃ hasitasaddaṃ sannirumbhitvā akkamanaakkamanapadavāre hatthatalāni upanāmesuṃ. Bodhisatto assavarassa piṭṭhivemajjhagato channaṃ assassa vāladhiṃ gāhāpetvā aḍḍharattasamaye mahādvārasamīpaṃ patto. Tadā pana rājā ‘‘evaṃ mama putto yāya kāyaci velāya nagaradvāraṃ vivaritvā nikkhamituṃ na sakkhissatī’’ti dvīsu dvārakavāṭesu ekekaṃ purisasahassena vivaritabbaṃ kāresi. Bodhisatto pana thāmabalasampanno hatthigaṇanāya koṭisahassahatthīnaṃ balaṃ dhāresi, purisagaṇanāya dasakoṭisahassapurisānaṃ balaṃ dhāresi. So cintesi – ‘‘sace dvāraṃ na vivariyyati, ajja kaṇḍakassa piṭṭhe nisinnova vāladhiṃ gahetvā ṭhitena channena saddhiṃyeva kaṇḍakaṃ ūruhi nippīḷetvā aṭṭhārasahatthubbedhaṃ pākāraṃ uppatitvā atikkamissāmī’’ti. Channopi cintesi – ‘‘sace dvāraṃ na vivariyyati, ahaṃ attano sāmikaṃ ayyaputtaṃ khandhe nisīdāpetvā kaṇḍakaṃ dakkhiṇena hatthena kucchiyaṃ parikkhipanto upakacchantare katvā pākāraṃ uppatitvā atikkamissāmī’’ti. Kaṇḍakopi cintesi – ‘‘sace dvāraṃ na vivariyyati, ahaṃ attano sāmikaṃ piṭṭhe yathānisinnameva channena vāladhiṃ gahetvā ṭhitena saddhiṃyeva ukkhipitvā pākāraṃ uppatitvā atikkamissāmī’’ti. Sace dvāraṃ na vivareyya, yathācintitameva tesu tīsu janesu aññataro sampādeyya. Dvāre pana adhivatthā devatā dvāraṃ vivari.
菩萨下楼至宫门前,说:“孩儿卡纳达卡,你今夜须护我一夜,倚赖你,我成佛后将度化此世。”随后越过卡纳达卡背部之垣墙。卡纳达卡截断膻中气,长达十八肘,身形健壮,具有雷鸣般的吼声,肌肤白净如换洗过的衣袍。若他大笑或发声,声音响彻全城。因此诸天借助神力使无人听闻,诸神发声笑声穿越门厅之外,击掌互呼。菩萨立于白象背部中间,抓牢象牙,于午夜时分抵达大门前。王命令人各以千人守卫两门。菩萨持有大象般的威力,拥有千千万万象力,及数亿人之力。心生思量:“若门不开,我将伏于卡纳达卡背上,抱持象牙,紧靠象膝,将其逼压至地,产生十八肘罗网围墙,强行突破。”然后念及遮盖身躯之物,“若门不开,吾将令随从长官坐于肩膀,将东西手手掌伸向膝盖,在下方造网围,强行突破。”卡纳达卡亦念:“若门不开,我将令随从伏于背,抱持象牙,挺立顺势跳起绕墙,强行突破。”若门不开,三者如是思量,皆欲冲破。不然,其中一人必达成目的。诸天加持,门遂打开。
Tasmiṃyeva khaṇe māro pāpimā ‘‘bodhisattaṃ nivattessāmī’’ti āgantvā ākāse ṭhito āha – ‘‘mārisa, mā nikkhami, ito te sattame divase cakkaratanaṃ pātubhavissati, dvisahassaparittadīpaparivārānaṃ catunnaṃ mahādīpānaṃ rajjaṃ kāressasi, nivatta, mārisā’’ti. ‘‘Kosi tva’’nti? ‘‘Ahaṃ vasavattī’’ti. ‘‘Māra, jānāmahaṃ mayhaṃ cakkaratanassa pātubhāvaṃ, anatthikohaṃ rajjena, dasasahassilokadhātuṃ unnādetvā buddho bhavissāmī’’ti āha. Māro ‘‘ito dāni te paṭṭhāya kāmavitakkaṃ vā byāpādavitakkaṃ vā vihiṃsāvitakkaṃ vā cintitakāle jānissāmī’’ti otārāpekkho chāyā viya anugacchanto anubandhi.
此时魔王恶鬼玛罗现身空中,言说:“魔王啊,不要出发,从今日起第七日将降佛陀,届时你将迎来宝轮,广布灯明四大洲之国,切勿出行,魔王啊。”问曰:“你是谁?”答曰:“我是统治者。”魔王说:“我知晓你将获宝轮降临之缘,但我亦将为王,放逸无益,除非有佛出世。”然后魔王从旁隐逸如影随形,等待他思虑欲念:无论欲念、嗔念、恶意念皆追随不舍。
Bodhisattopi hatthagataṃ cakkavattirajjaṃ kheḷapiṇḍaṃ viya anapekkho chaḍḍetvā mahantena sakkārena nagarā nikkhami. Āsāḷhipuṇṇamāya uttarāsāḷhanakkhatte vattamāne, nikkhamitvā ca puna nagaraṃ apaloketukāmo jāto. Evañca panassa citte uppannamatteyeva – ‘‘mahāpurisa, na tayā nivattetvā olokanakammaṃ kata’’nti vadamānā viya mahāpathavī kulālacakkaṃ viya chijjitvā parivatti. Bodhisatto nagarābhimukho ṭhatvā nagaraṃ oloketvā tasmiṃ pathavippadese kaṇḍakanivattanacetiyaṭṭhānaṃ dassetvā gantabbamaggābhimukhaṃ kaṇḍakaṃ katvā pāyāsi mahantena sakkārena uḷārena sirisobhaggena. Tadā kirassa devatā purato saṭṭhi ukkāsahassāni dhārayiṃsu, pacchato saṭṭhi , dakkhiṇapassato saṭṭhi, vāmapassato saṭṭhīti. Aparā devatā cakkavāḷamukhavaṭṭiyaṃ aparimāṇā ukkā dhārayiṃsu. Aparā devatā ca nāgasupaṇṇādayo ca dibbehi gandhehi mālāhi cuṇṇehi dhūpehi pūjayamānā gacchanti, pāricchattakapupphehi ceva mandāravapupphehi ca ghanameghavuṭṭhikāle dhārāhi viya nabhaṃ nirantaraṃ ahosi, dibbāni saṃgītāni pavattiṃsu , samantato aṭṭha tūriyāni, saṭṭhi tūriyānīti aṭṭhasaṭṭhi tūriyasatasahassāni pavattayiṃsu. Tesaṃ saddo samuddakucchiyaṃ meghadhanitakālo viya, yugandharakucchiyaṃ sāgaranigghosakālo viya ca vattati.
菩萨抛下手中圆轮王国,好似放弃打球,不顾世俗,以广大威力出城。于阿萨拉满月夜北方星宿显现时,出城后意欲再次视察城池。其心念起心动念说:“大丈夫,不该退转,已做视察事宜。”如摇撼山岳转轮遽然运转。菩萨立于城门面前,观察其地,示现卡纳达卡回转纪念碑之处,决意前往。卡纳达卡骑大象,拥有丝丝雷声般威力,盛大庄严,洁白如众多白衣叠覆。诸天守护前后南北共六十位。其他诸天与龙族及拥有神香、花环、香粉、焚香者一同前行。以覆盖花朵与曼陀罗花成厚云,如雨水不断降落,天乐演奏,四方八处共八十四万天音奏起。其声响若海浪波涛,雷鸣风暴,回荡不息。
Iminā sirisobhaggena gacchanto bodhisatto ekaratteneva tīṇi rajjāni atikkamma tiṃsayojanamatthake anomānadītīraṃ pāpuṇi. Kiṃ pana asso tato paraṃ gantuṃ na sakkotīti? No na sakkoti. So hi ekaṃ cakkavāḷagabbhaṃ nābhiyā ṭhitacakkassa nemivaṭṭiṃ maddanto viya antantena caritvā purepātarāsameva āgantvā attano sampāditaṃ bhattaṃ bhuñjituṃ samattho. Tadā pana devanāgasupaṇṇādīhi ākāse ṭhatvā ossaṭṭhehi gandhamālādīhi yāva ūruppadesā sañchannasarīraṃ ākaḍḍhitvā gandhamālājaṭaṃ chindantassa atipapañco ahosi, tasmā tiṃsayojanamattameva agamāsi. Atha bodhisatto nadītīre ṭhatvā channaṃ pucchi – ‘‘kā nāma ayaṃ nadī’’ti? ‘‘Anomā nāma, devā’’ti. ‘‘Amhākampi pabbajjā anomā bhavissatī’’ti paṇhiyā ghaṭṭento assassa saññaṃ adāsi. Asso ca uppatitvā aṭṭhusabhavitthārāya nadiyā pārimatīre aṭṭhāsi.
携带这庄严光彩,菩萨一夜中逾越三条河流,达三十由旬之阿诺曼河岸。思量:“马匹为何无法继续前行?”回答:“不能。”他如破胎圆轮胎,绕着中心旋转的轮轴,沿流水激荡处回转,浅近水边进入自己所宿之桥端,可以顺利进食。此时诸天及龙族和神鸟各悬浮空中,播撒花环与香气覆盖至全身,割断缠绕,如此美丽芬芳超过五倍,因此只达到三十由旬。菩萨徘徊河岸,询问遮盖之物:“这条河名为何?”回答:“名为阿诺曼,诸天所说。”菩萨为遮盖物立誓:“我们也当于阿诺曼出家。”随后骑马立于河边,昔日荣光再现。
Bodhisatto assapiṭṭhito oruyha rajatapaṭṭasadise vāḷukāpuline ṭhatvā channaṃ āmantesi – ‘‘samma channa, tvaṃ mayhaṃ ābharaṇāni ceva kaṇḍakañca ādāya gaccha, ahaṃ pabbajissāmī’’ti. ‘‘Ahampi, deva, pabbajissāmī’’ti. Bodhisatto ‘‘na labbhā tayā pabbajituṃ, gaccheva tva’’nti tikkhattuṃ paṭibāhitvā ābharaṇāni ceva kaṇḍakañca paṭicchāpetvā cintesi – ‘‘ime mayhaṃ kesā samaṇasāruppā na honti, añño bodhisattassa kese chindituṃ yuttarūpo natthī’’ti. Tato ‘‘sayameva khaggena chindissāmī’’ti dakkhiṇena hatthena asiṃ gahetvā vāmahatthena moḷiyā saddhiṃ cūḷaṃ gahetvā chindi. Kesā dvaṅgulamattā hutvā dakkhiṇato āvaṭṭamānā sīsaṃ allīyiṃsu. Tesaṃ yāvajīvaṃ tadeva pamāṇaṃ ahosi, massu ca tadanurūpaṃ, puna kesamassuohāraṇakiccaṃ nāma nāhosi. Bodhisatto saha moḷiyā cūḷaṃ gahetvā ‘‘sacāhaṃ sambuddho bhavissāmi, ākāse tiṭṭhatu. No ce, bhūmiyaṃ patatū’’ti antalikkhe khipi. Sā cūḷā yojanappamāṇaṃ ṭhānaṃ abbhuggantvā ākāse aṭṭhāsi. Sakko devarājā dibbacakkhunā oloketvā yojaniyaratanacaṅkoṭakena sampaṭicchitvā tāvatiṃsabhavane cūḷāmaṇicetiyaṃ nāma patiṭṭhāpesi.
菩萨立在圆石台上,或立于如银白的绢帛上,有如在沙洲上,安住后示众言:「你适宜盛具法衣及袈裟,携持同行,我将出家。」众天意乐答曰:「我亦当出家,天尊。」菩萨答言:「你因未获出家,必须自往。」断然拒绝之后,捐弃盛具法衣及袈裟,思惟曰:「吾发与沙门同相的发不宜断除,亦无适当他人发可除。」遂自讥言:「唯当手持小刀斩发。」右手执刀,左手持枣木小梳相拄,断发。发长约二寸,向右侧环绕缠聚于头,结成髻。此发长度终生不变,其发量亦相应,未曾再为修剪或整理。菩萨执枣木梳小梳,言:「我必成正觉者,愿于虚空中立;不然,则坠于大地。」随即奔向空中。此小梳如一由,飞跃空中,立于约一由地之高处。天帝萨咖以神眼观视,按由量与宝伞对照,建立一名为小宝珠塔于忉利天宫。
‘‘Chetvāna moḷiṃ varagandhavāsitaṃ, vehāyasaṃ ukkhipi sakyapuṅgavo;
「断发后涂抹妙香,挥袖而去,释子雄俊;
Sahassanetto sirasā paṭiggahi, ratanacaṅkoṭavarena vāsavo’’ti. (ma. ni. aṭṭha. 1.222);
一千头发束所挟持,宝伞伞盖为室所遮。」(出自摩诃尼萨入五八章之一二二)
Puna bodhisatto cintesi – ‘‘imāni kāsikavatthāni mayhaṃ na samaṇasāruppānī’’ti. Athassa kassapabuddhakāle purāṇasahāyako ghaṭikāramahābrahmā ekaṃ buddhantaraṃ jaraṃ appattena mittabhāvena cintesi – ‘‘ajja me sahāyako mahābhinikkhamanaṃ nikkhanto, samaṇaparikkhāramassa gahetvā gacchissāmī’’ti.
复次菩萨思惟:「此街巷木居皆非出家相。」又忆及喀萨巴佛时代,昔有大梵天为老旧阿拉汉修成佛期间伴随之助手,思惟:「今日伴随吾随出大游行,携带出家具服。」
‘‘Ticīvarañca patto ca, vāsī sūci ca bandhanaṃ;
「三衣具足且备,有针及束带;
Parissāvanena aṭṭhete, yuttayogassa bhikkhūno’’ti. –
以帕袈裟加被,适合众比库之用。」——
Ime aṭṭha parikkhāre āharitvā adāsi. Bodhisato arahaddhajaṃ nivāsetvā uttamapabbajitavesaṃ gaṇhitvā ‘‘channa, tvaṃ mama vacanena mātāpitūnaṃ ārogyaṃ vadehī’’ti vatvā uyyojesi. Channo bodhisattaṃ vanditvā padakkhiṇaṃ katvā pakkāmi. Kaṇḍako pana channena saddhiṃ mantayamānassa bodhisattassa vacanaṃ suṇantova ‘‘natthi dāni mayhaṃ puna sāmino dassana’’nti cintetvā cakkhupathaṃ vijahanto sokaṃ adhivāsetuṃ asakkonto hadayena phalitena kālaṃ katvā tāvatiṃsabhavane kaṇḍako nāma devaputto hutvā nibbatti. Channassa paṭhamaṃ ekova soko ahosi, kaṇḍakassa pana kālakiriyāya dutiyena sokena pīḷito rodanto paridevanto nagaraṃ agamāsi.
此时携带这八种随身物品而予以付与。那时,菩萨居于阿拉汉出生之地,披上至上的出家僧衣,说道:『瞻那,你当依我言语告诉父母健康无恙。』说毕便起身。瞻那礼拜菩萨,绕行三匝后便回去。迦纳陀与瞻那议论时,闻菩萨语说:『如今我难再得见老师,』思之后便闭上眼睛,无法忍受悲痛,心中聚集苦恼。因而消耗时间,最终于忉利天宫下降,名为迦纳陀的天子投生而生。瞻那第一遭忧伤,迦纳陀因诅咒仪式而第二遭被忧苦缠绕,哭泣悲哀,来到城中。
Bodhisatto pabbajitvā tasmiṃyeva padese anupiyaṃ nāma ambavanaṃ atthi, tattha sattāhaṃ pabbajjāsukhena vītināmetvā ekadivaseneva tiṃsayojanamaggaṃ padasā gantvā rājagahaṃ pāvisi. Pavisitvā ca sapadānaṃ piṇḍāya cari. Sakalanagaraṃ bodhisattassa rūpadassaneneva dhanapālake paviṭṭhe rājagahaṃ viya ca, asurinde paviṭṭhe devanagaraṃ viya ca saṅkhobhaṃ agamāsi. Rājapurisā gantvā ‘‘deva, evarūpo nāma satto nagare piṇḍāya carati, ‘devo vā manusso vā nāgo vā supaṇṇo vā asuko nāma eso’ti na jānāmā’’ti ārocesuṃ. Rājā pāsādatale ṭhatvā mahāpurisaṃ disvā acchariyabbhutacitto purise āṇāpesi – ‘‘gacchatha, bhaṇe , vīmaṃsatha, sace amanusso bhavissati, nagarā nikkhamitvā antaradhāyissati, sace devatā bhavissati, ākāsena gacchissati, sace nāgo bhavissati, pathaviyaṃ nimujjitvā gamissati, sace manusso bhavissati, yathāladdhaṃ bhikkhaṃ paribhuñjissatī’’ti.
菩萨出家后,当即在彼处有一名名为安布瓦那的园林,在此住满七周,因出家喜乐平静安宁,一日便行三十由旬之路来到王舍城。入城后,常为众乞食。因菩萨之貌如富豪入城,城人如同入天城或阿修罗城,皆前来拥挤观看。王宫人闻人群议论道:『此有一名为安库洛者,不知是天、人与龙、或是迦楼罗、阿修罗。』国王在宫殿中观看,有意惊异地对臣下说:『去吧,你们考察,若是非人族,则城中将无人见他;若是天族,则将空中遨游;若为龙族,则潜入地下而行;若是人族,则必依乞食生活。』
Mahāpurisopi kho missakabhattaṃ saṃharitvā ‘‘alaṃ me ettakaṃ yāpanāyā’’ti ñatvā paviṭṭhadvāreneva nagarā nikkhamitvā paṇḍavapabbatacchāyāyaṃ puratthimābhimukho nisīditvā āhāraṃ paribhuñjituṃ āraddho. Athassa antāni parivattitvā mukhena nikkhamanākārappattāni ahesuṃ. Tato so tena attabhāvena evarūpassa āhārassa cakkhunāpi adiṭṭhapubbatāya tena paṭikūlāhārena aṭṭīyamānopi evaṃ attanā eva attānaṃ ovadi – ‘‘siddhattha, tvaṃ sulabhaannapāne kule tivassikagandhasālibhojanaṃ nānaggarasehi bhuñjanaṭṭhāne nibbattitvāpi ekaṃ paṃsukūlikaṃ disvā ‘kadā nu kho ahampi evarūpo hutvā piṇḍāya caritvā bhuñjissāmi, bhavissati nu kho me so kālo’ti cintetvā nikkhanto, idāni kinnāmetaṃ karosī’’ti evaṃ attānaṃ ovaditvā nibbikāro hutvā āhāraṃ paribhuñji.
大臣收拾麦饭,知彼生活困难,自言『我之生活已足够。』于是出门离城,前往潘达瓦山影之处,在东向坐下预备食饭。转动唇舌,口形现出将发言迹象。由此以己心观察如是食物,虽其味苦,却劝戒自己说:『悉达多,你虽出身贵族,享三年佳米美饭,居住佳所,却曾见一尘衣人,心想「我何时能如彼出家行乞,得此生活?」如今时机当至,何不从今开始?』于是自我劝诫,无所牵挂地食用。
Rājapurisā taṃ pavattiṃ disvā gantvā rañño ārocesuṃ. Rājā dūtavacanaṃ sutvā vegena nagarā nikkhamitvā bodhisattassa santikaṃ gantvā iriyāpathasmiṃyeva pasīditvā bodhisattassa sabbaṃ issariyaṃ niyyātesi. Bodhisatto ‘‘mayhaṃ, mahārāja, vatthukāmehi vā kilesakāmehi vā attho natthi, ahaṃ paramābhisambodhiṃ patthayanto nikkhanto’’ti āha. Rājā anekappakāraṃ yācantopi tassa cittaṃ alabhitvā ‘‘addhā tvaṃ buddho bhavissasi , buddhabhūtena pana tayā paṭhamaṃ mama vijitaṃ āgantabba’’nti paṭiññaṃ gaṇhi. Ayamettha saṅkhepo, vitthāro pana ‘‘pabbajjaṃ kittayissāmi, yathā pabbaji cakkhumā’’ti imaṃ pabbajjāsuttaṃ (su. ni. 407) saddhiṃ aṭṭhakathāya oloketvā veditabbo.
王族闻此事件,前去禀告国王。国王听信使者言辞,迅速出城,亲至菩萨近前,并于道路上俯首恭敬,将一切神变悉皆显示予菩萨。菩萨言:『大王,我无对财欲或烦恼之所依,唯有追求无上正觉,故出家。』国王虽多次恳求,菩萨心无动摇,国王许诺说:『你必成佛,且你成佛之日,必先来我城造访。』此事简述,其详在“我将著名出家事迹,如眼者出家”经及其注疏中应细观。
Bodhisattopi kho rañño paṭiññaṃ datvā anupubbena cārikaṃ caramāno āḷārañca kālāmaṃ udakañca rāmaputtaṃ upasaṅkamitvā samāpattiyo nibbattetvā ‘‘nāyaṃ maggo bodhāyā’’ti tampi samāpattibhāvanaṃ analaṅkaritvā sadevakassa lokassa attano thāmavīriyasandassanatthaṃ mahāpadhānaṃ padahitukāmo uruvelaṃ gantvā ‘‘ramaṇīyo vatāyaṃ bhūmibhāgo’’ti tattheva vāsaṃ upagantvā mahāpadhānaṃ padahi. Tepi kho koṇḍaññappamukhā pañcavaggiyā gāmanigamarājadhānīsu bhikkhāya carantā tattha bodhisattaṃ sampāpuṇiṃsu. Atha naṃ chabbassāni mahāpadhānaṃ padahantaṃ ‘‘idāni buddho bhavissati, idāni buddho bhavissatī’’ti pariveṇasammajjanādikāya vattapaṭipattiyā upaṭṭhahamānā santikāvacarā ahesuṃ. Bodhisattopi kho ‘‘koṭippattaṃ dukkarakārikaṃ karissāmī’’ti ekatilataṇḍulādīhipi vītināmesi, sabbasopi āhārupacchedanaṃ akāsi. Devatāpi lomakūpehi ojaṃ upasaṃharamānā pakkhipiṃsu.
菩萨接受国王许诺,先进行脚迹游行后,前往艾罗拉、迦罗摩、水边,并亲近罗摩子,礼拜修习三摩地。虽无华丽辞饰,心念不断觉悟神通,展现威力,自观其身如风吹良地美境,住于此地。五大比库宗族之长于各村落城邑中恭敬供养菩萨。历时六十余载普及教法,宣讲诸法后,当得正觉之日,奉行围绕净水及出家行持仪式,守护于身边。菩萨思虑:『如何完成极难之善功?』以断食等苦行修持。天人见状,聚集于毛发中,护持之。
Athassa tāya nirāhāratāya paramakasirappattatāya suvaṇṇavaṇṇopi kāyo kāḷavaṇṇo ahosi, dvattiṃsamahāpurisalakkhaṇāni paṭicchannāni ahesuṃ. Appekadā ānāpānakajjhānaṃ jhāyanto mahāvedanābhitunno visaññībhūto caṅkamanakoṭiyaṃ patati. Atha naṃ ekaccā devatā ‘‘kālaṅkato samaṇo gotamo’’ti vadanti. Ekaccā ‘‘vihārotveveso arahata’’nti ca āhaṃsu. Tattha yāsaṃ ‘‘kālaṅkato’’ti saññā ahosi, tā gantvā suddhodanamahārājassa ārocesuṃ – ‘‘tumhākaṃ putto kālaṅkato’’ti. ‘‘Mama putto buddho hutvā kālaṅkato, ahutvā’’ti? ‘‘Buddho bhavituṃ nāsakkhi, padhānabhūmiyaṃyeva patitvā kālaṅkato’’ti. Idaṃ sutvā rājā – ‘‘nāhaṃ saddahāmi, mama puttassa bodhiṃ appatvā kālakiriyā nāma natthī’’ti paṭikkhipi. ‘‘Kasmā pana rājā na saddahatī’’ti? Kāladevalatāpasavandāpanadivase jamburukkhamūle ca pāṭihāriyānaṃ diṭṭhattā.
因极度禁食及过度苦修,菩萨肌肤呈金黄色却又黑如焦炭,显现二十二大丈夫标相。时坐于安那般那水禅处修习入定,体极痛苦,意识迷乱,跌落山谷。时有天人称:『此被称为染污出家的迦摩多。』又有人称:『他虽出家,实则阿拉汉。』众说纷纭。此意见『染污』之名随之流传,遂往苏杜陀那大王处报告曰:『尔子被称“染污”者。』王曰:『我子成佛,却被称为“染污”?』曰:『他未成佛,跌落苦难,名为“染污”。』闻言,王不信,谓:『我不信,我子未成佛,诚无诅咒事。』何故国王不信,因于染污者之日,众异象显于山中。
Puna bodhisatte saññaṃ paṭilabhitvā uṭṭhite tā devatā gantvā ‘‘arogo te, mahārāja, putto’’ti ārocesuṃ. Rājā ‘‘jānāmahaṃ mama puttassa amaraṇabhāva’’nti vadati. Mahāsattassa chabbassāni dukkarakārikaṃ karontasseva ākāse gaṇṭhikaraṇakālo viya ahosi. So ‘‘ayaṃ dukkarakārikā nāma bodhāya maggo na hotī’’ti oḷārikaṃ āhāraṃ āhāretuṃ gāmanigamesu piṇḍāya caritvā āhāraṃ āhari. Athassa dvattiṃsamahāpurisalakkhaṇāni pākatikāni ahesuṃ, kāyopi suvaṇṇavaṇṇo ahosi. Pañcavaggiyā bhikkhū ‘‘ayaṃ chabbassāni dukkarakārikaṃ karontopi sabbaññutaṃ paṭivijjhituṃ nāsakkhi, idāni gāmanigamādīsu piṇḍāya caritvā oḷārikaṃ āhāraṃ āharamāno kiṃ sakkhissati, bāhuliko esa padhānavibbhanto, sīsaṃ nhāyitukāmassa ussāvabindutakkanaṃ viya amhākaṃ etassa santikā visesatakkanaṃ, kiṃ no iminā’’ti mahāpurisaṃ pahāya attano attano pattacīvaraṃ gahetvā aṭṭhārasayojanamaggaṃ gantvā isipatanaṃ pavisiṃsu.
复次,菩萨得到了观念后起身,天众来到,说道:『无病无痛,尊大王,您的儿子康泰。』国王答曰:『我知道我儿子具不死不灭之性。』这位大士行事困难繁重,有如天空中奏响钟磬的时刻。他认为:『此名为困难的行者,其道非成佛之道。』于是为供养以美味膳食,往返乡邑乞食。他身上的十八大人相显现,身体亦呈现金色。五部阿拉汉比库说:『他虽行六年艰苦修行,但未能尽知一切;如今他在各乡邑乞食供养精美膳食,将能成就什么?这是勤勉分心,好似为洗头渴望热水之水珠,对我们来说是特殊的征兆,因何缘故呢?』遂放下尊贵之身,携取己用袈裟,步入十八由旬道,前往仙人堕处。
Tena kho pana samayena uruvelāyaṃ senānigame senānikuṭumbikassa gehe nibbattā sujātā nāma dārikā vayappattā ekasmiṃ nigrodharukkhe patthanaṃ akāsi – ‘‘sacāhaṃ samajātikaṃ kulagharaṃ gantvā paṭhamagabbhe puttaṃ labhissāmi, anusaṃvaccharaṃ te satasahassapariccāgena balikammaṃ karissāmī’’ti. Tassā sā patthanā samijjhi. Sā mahāsattassa dukkarakārikaṃ karontassa chaṭṭhe vasse paripuṇṇe visākhāpuṇṇamāyaṃ balikammaṃ kātukāmā hutvā puretaraṃyeva dhenusahassaṃ laṭṭhimadhukavane carāpetvā, tāsaṃ khīraṃ pañca dhenusatāni pāyetvā, tāsaṃ khīraṃ aḍḍhatiyāni ca satānīti evaṃ yāva soḷasannaṃ dhenūnaṃ khīraṃ aṭṭha dhenuyo pivanti, tāva khīrassa bahalatañca madhuratañca ojavantatañca patthayamānā khīraparivattanaṃ nāma akāsi. Sā visākhāpuṇṇamadivase ‘‘pātova balikammaṃ karissāmī’’ti rattiyā paccūsasamayaṃ paccuṭṭhāya tā aṭṭha dhenuyo duhāpesi. Vacchakā dhenūnaṃ thanamūlaṃ na āgamaṃsu, thanamūle pana navabhājanesu upanītamattesu attano dhammatāya khīradhārā pagghariṃsu. Taṃ acchariyaṃ disvā sujātā sahattheneva khīraṃ gahetvā navabhājane pakkhipitvā sahattheneva aggiṃ katvā pacituṃ ārabhi.
当时,在乌鲁维勒军营一将军家中,名为素诃陀的少女已成长,依附一榕树立誓:『我将与族中人同住,首胎得子,必以十万钱金回报恩养。』此誓坚定。她志在于大士行六年艰苦修行满盈之时,于维萨季满月,将牧养旷野千余牛群,挤奶制蜂蜜饼,供养五百奶牛,用半月量五百牛之奶,约十六牛饮用。如此,饱含浓厚甘美鲜活之奶,制成名曰奶浆的饮品。维萨季满月时,素诃陀立誓:『我要开始回报恩养。』夜晚黎明时分,八头牧牛让乳未至牧牛根处而去,乳液却自然而然流注九重之乳桶。察此奇异,素诃陀急取乳汁,用莲叶盛放,点火煮熟。
Tasmiṃ pāyāse paccamāne mahantā mahantā pubbuḷā uṭṭhahitvā dakkhiṇāvaṭṭā hutvā sañcaranti. Ekaphusitampi bahi na uppatati, uddhanato appamattakopi dhūmo na uṭṭhahati. Tasmiṃ samaye cattāro lokapālā āgantvā uddhane ārakkhaṃ gaṇhiṃsu, mahābrahmā chattaṃ dhāresi, sakko alātāni samānento aggiṃ jālesi. Devatā dvisahassadīpaparivāresu catūsu mahādīpesu devamanussānaṃ upakappanaojaṃ attano devānubhāvena daṇḍakabaddhaṃ madhupaṭalaṃ pīḷetvā madhuṃ gaṇhamānā viya saṃharitvā tattha pakkhipiṃsu . Aññesu hi kālesu devatā kabaḷe kabaḷe ojaṃ pakkhipiṃsu, sambodhippattadivase ca parinibbānadivase ca ukkhaliyaṃyeva pakkhipiṃsu . Sujātā ekadivaseyeva tattha attano pākaṭāni anekāni acchariyāni disvā puṇṇaṃ nāma dāsiṃ āmantesi – ‘‘amma puṇṇe, ajja amhākaṃ devatā ativiya pasannā, mayā hi ettake kāle evarūpaṃ acchariyaṃ nāma na diṭṭhapubbaṃ, vegena gantvā devaṭṭhānaṃ paṭijaggāhī’’ti. Sā ‘‘sādhu, ayye’’ti tassā vacanaṃ sampaṭicchitvā turitaturitā rukkhamūlaṃ agamāsi.
此时,煮粥之中大颗泡沫纷纷上升,向南旋转流动,无一丝烟雾升腾。此时四方天王来到园区护卫,大梵天撑起华盖,萨咖天帝奏响宝杵燃灯。诸天被环绕于两千灯火四大明灯之中,借神力如收取蜜汁般收集蜜浆,盛放奶浆。诸天时而发能量盛放,有时亦在成佛与般涅槃之日盛放。在一天,素诃陀见诸天多种神奇,名曰普纳,告诫曰:『母亲普纳啊,今日诸天极为欢喜,未曾见过如此奇异景象,迅速前往天界迎接。』素诃陀说:『善哉,尊者!』即刻运行至树根。
Bodhisattopi kho tasmiṃ rattibhāge pañca mahāsupine (a. ni. 5.196) disvā pariggaṇhanto ‘‘nissaṃsayaṃ ajjāhaṃ buddho bhavissāmī’’ti katasanniṭṭhāno tassā rattiyā accayena katasarīrapaṭijaggano bhikkhācārakālaṃ āgamayamāno pātova āgantvā tasmiṃ rukkhamūle nisīdi, attano pabhāya sakalaṃ rukkhamūlaṃ obhāsayamāno. Atha kho sā puṇṇā āgantvā addasa bodhisattaṃ rukkhamūle pācīnalokadhātuṃ olokayamānaṃ nisinnaṃ, sarīrato cassa nikkhantāhi pabhāhi sakalarukkhaṃ suvaṇṇavaṇṇaṃ. Disvānassā etadahosi – ‘‘ajja amhākaṃ devatā rukkhato oruyha sahattheneva balikammaṃ sampaṭicchituṃ nisinnā maññe’’ti ubbegappattā hutvā vegena āgantvā sujātāya etamatthaṃ ārocesi.
而夜半时分,菩萨见五颗大星,确认无疑,当日定为自己成佛之时,约定时间至时,躯体出现,带来比库生活期,前来至树根而坐,遍照树影。随后普纳前来,见菩萨于树下端坐,朝向南方,身体光芒照亮金树。见此景象,心念生起:『今日诸天依附这树,正聚集回报恩养事宜。』因生欢喜,急忙至素诃陀说明此事。
Sujātā tassā vacanaṃ sutvā tuṭṭhamānasā hutvā ‘‘ajja dāni paṭṭhāya mama jeṭṭhadhītuṭṭhāne tiṭṭhāhī’’ti dhītu anucchavikaṃ sabbālaṅkāraṃ adāsi. Yasmā pana buddhabhāvaṃ pāpuṇanadivase satasahassagghanikā ekā suvaṇṇapāti laddhuṃ vaṭṭati, tasmā sā ‘‘suvaṇṇapātiyaṃ pāyāsaṃ pakkhipissāmī’’ti cittaṃ uppādetvā satasahassagghanikaṃ suvaṇṇapātiṃ nīharāpetvā tattha pāyāsaṃ pakkhipitukāmā pakkabhājanaṃ āvajjesi. Sabbo pāyāso padumapattato udakaṃ viya vattitvā pātiyaṃ patiṭṭhāsi, ekapātipūramattova ahosi. Sā taṃ pātiṃ aññāya pātiyā paṭikujjitvā odātavatthena veṭhetvā sayaṃ sabbālaṅkārehi attabhāvaṃ alaṅkaritvā taṃ pātiṃ attano sīse ṭhapetvā mahantena ānubhāvena nigrodharukkhamūlaṃ gantvā bodhisattaṃ disvā balavasomanassajātā ‘‘rukkhadevatā’’ti saññāya diṭṭhaṭṭhānato paṭṭhāya onatonatā gantvā sīsato pātiṃ otāretvā vivaritvā suvaṇṇabhiṅgārena gandhapupphavāsitaṃ udakaṃ gahetvā bodhisattaṃ upagantvā aṭṭhāsi. Ghaṭikāramahābrahmunā dinno mattikāpatto ettakaṃ kālaṃ bodhisattaṃ avijahitvā tasmiṃ khaṇe adassanaṃ gato, bodhisatto pattaṃ apassanto dakkhiṇahatthaṃ pasāretvā udakaṃ sampaṭicchi . Sujātā saheva pātiyā pāyāsaṃ mahāpurisassa hatthe ṭhapesi, mahāpuriso sujātaṃ olokesi. Sā ākāraṃ sallakkhetvā ‘‘ayya, mayā tumhākaṃ pariccattā, taṃ gaṇhitvā yathāruci karothā’’ti vanditvā ‘‘yathā mayhaṃ manoratho nipphanno, evaṃ tumhākampi nipphajjatū’’ti vatvā satasahassagghanikampi suvaṇṇapātiṃ purāṇakapaṇṇaṃ viya pariccajitvā anapekkhāva pakkāmi.
素诃陀闻此言便心满意足,曰:『今日开始,敬立于我长姐之内庭。』送给长姐旁天饰。因成佛之日,十万钱金像法轮状旋转,故念:「我要供养金轮粥。」便设心意,收纳十万钱金轮,置放敷金制粥供养。粥整体如莲花叶上水一般广流饱满,量仅够一勺。识此食器不当,素诃陀以藕灰染色,自饰华丽,将器置于头顶,在大能见佐持下往榕树根而去,见菩萨,因生欢喜忧愁,心念生起,见树神之象,恭敬而去。
Bodhisattopi kho nisinnaṭṭhānā vuṭṭhāya rukkhaṃ padakkhiṇaṃ katvā pātiṃ ādāya nerañjarāya tīraṃ gantvā anekesaṃ bodhisattasatasahassānaṃ abhisambujjhanadivase otaritvā nhānaṭṭhānaṃ supatiṭṭhitaṃ nāma atthi, tassā tīre pātiṃ ṭhapetvā supatiṭṭhitatitthe otaritvā nhatvā anekabuddhasatasahassānaṃ nivāsanaṃ arahaddhajaṃ nivāsetvā puratthābhimukho nisīditvā ekaṭṭhitālapakkappamāṇe ekūnapaṇṇāsapiṇḍe katvā sabbaṃ appodakamadhupāyāsaṃ paribhuñji. Soyevassa buddhabhūtasa sattasattāhaṃ bodhimaṇḍe vasantassa ekūnapaṇṇāsadivasāni āhāro ahosi. Ettakaṃ kālaṃ añño āhāro natthi, na nhānaṃ, na mukhadhovanaṃ, na sarīravaḷañjo, jhānasukhena phalasamāpattisukhena ca vītināmesi. Taṃ pana pāyāsaṃ bhuñjitvā suvaṇṇapātiṃ gahetvā ‘‘sacāhaṃ ajja buddho bhavissāmi, ayaṃ pāti paṭisotaṃ gacchatu, no ce bhavissāmi, anusotaṃ gacchatū’’ti vatvā nadīsote pakkhipi. Sā sotaṃ chindamānā nadīmajjhaṃ gantvā majjhaṭṭhāneneva javasampanno asso viya asītihatthamattaṭṭhānaṃ paṭisotaṃ gantvā ekasmiṃ āvaṭṭe nimujjitvā kāḷanāgarājabhavanaṃ gantvā tiṇṇaṃ buddhānaṃ paribhogapātiyo ‘‘kili kilī’’ti ravaṃ kārayamānā paharitvā tāsaṃ sabbaheṭṭhimā hutvā aṭṭhāsi. Kāḷo nāgarājā ta saddaṃ sutvā ‘‘hiyyo eko buddho nibbatti, puna ajja eko nibbatto’’ti vatvā anekehi padasatehi thutiyo vadamāno uṭṭhāsi. Tassa kira mahāpathaviyā ekayojanatigāvutappamāṇaṃ nabhaṃ pūretvā ārohanakālo ajja vā hiyyo vā sadiso ahosi.
菩萨从坐处起身,环绕树行,取饼赴涅蘭叉河畔。涅蘭叉河边有许多成就正觉的众生,住所名为“浴处安住”。他置粥于岸边,前赴安住溪头,砍伐树叶五十四片,共享甜蜜奶粥。此时距成佛已达七百五十一昼夜,未曾有他饮食、洗浴或修身而止,享受禅定安乐与证果之乐。食毕带着金轮饼,说:『我今日当成佛,愿此饼顺传,若未成佛,愿此饼逆传。』他投入河中,随波前进,奔赴河中一湾,潜入潜处,到黑纳迦龙王府邸,击打如琴声的饼,诸菩萨皆得其所。黑纳龙王闻音,说:『昨天又现出一佛,今日又出一佛。』他赞叹而起。大地半径达数万由旬,充满苍空,崛起之时如今日或昨日无异。
Bodhisattopi nadītīramhi supupphitasālavane divāvihāraṃ katvā sāyanhasamayaṃ pupphānaṃ vaṇṭato muccanakāle devatāhi alaṅkatena aṭṭhūsabhavitthārena maggena sīho viya vijambhamāno bodhirukkhābhimukho pāyāsi. Nāgayakkhasupaṇṇādayo dibbehi gandhapupphādīhi pūjayiṃsu, dibbasaṃgītādīni pavattayiṃsu, dasasahassī lokadhātu ekagandhā ekamālā ekasādhukārā ahosi. Tasmiṃ samaye sotthiyo nāma tiṇahārako tiṇaṃ ādāya paṭipathe āgacchanto mahāpurisassa ākāraṃ ñatvā aṭṭha tiṇamuṭṭhiyo adāsi. Bodhisatto tiṇaṃ gahetvā bodhimaṇḍaṃ āruyha dakkhiṇadisābhāge uttarābhimukho aṭṭhāsi. Tasmiṃ khaṇe dakkhiṇacakkavāḷaṃ osīditvā heṭṭhā avīcisampattaṃ viya ahosi. Uttaracakkavāḷaṃ ullaṅghitvā upari bhavaggappattaṃ viya ahosi. Bodhisatto ‘‘idaṃ sambodhipāpuṇanaṭṭhānaṃ na bhavissati maññe’’ti padakkhiṇaṃ karonto pacchimadisābhāgaṃ gantvā puratthimābhimukho aṭṭhāsi, tato pacchimacakkavāḷaṃ osīditvā heṭṭhā avīcisampattaṃ viya ahosi, puratthimacakkavāḷaṃ ullaṅghitvā upari bhavaggappattaṃ viya ahosi. Ṭhitaṭṭhitaṭṭhāne kirassa nemivaṭṭipariyante akkantaṃ nābhiyā patiṭṭhitamahāsakaṭacakkaṃ viya mahāpathavī onatunnatā ahosi. Bodhisatto ‘‘idampi sambodhipāpuṇanaṭṭhānaṃ na bhavissati maññe’’ti padakkhiṇaṃ karonto uttaradisābhāgaṃ gantvā dakkhiṇābhimukho aṭṭhāsi. Tato uttaracakkavāḷaṃ osīditvā heṭṭhā avīcisampattaṃ viya ahosi, dakkhiṇacakkavāḷaṃ ullaṅghitvā upari bhavaggappattaṃ viya ahosi. Bodhisatto ‘‘idampi sambodhipāpuṇanaṭṭhānaṃ na bhavissati maññe’’ti padakkhiṇaṃ karonto puratthimadisābhāgaṃ gantvā pacchimābhimukho aṭṭhāsi. Puratthimadisābhāge pana sabbabuddhānaṃ pallaṅkaṭṭhānaṃ ahosi, taṃ neva chambhati, na kampati. Bodhisatto ‘‘idaṃ sabbabuddhānaṃ avijahitaṃ acalaṭṭhānaṃ kilesapañjaraviddhaṃsanaṭṭhāna’’nti ñatvā tāni tiṇāni agge gahetvā cālesi, tāvadeva cuddasahattho pallaṅko ahosi. Tānipi kho tiṇāni tathārūpena saṇṭhānena saṇṭhahiṃsu, yathārūpaṃ sukusalo cittakāro vā potthakāro vā ālikhitumpi samattho natthi. Bodhisatto bodhikkhandhaṃ piṭṭhito katvā puratthābhimukho daḷhamānaso hutvā –
菩萨在河岸边盛开的娑罗林中白天安住,傍晚时分于花环敬献完毕之后,时至解脱时,周围众天以装饰华美的八足狮形法轮环绕着他,犹如狮子吼叫般环绕行进,菩萨面向菩提树坐卧。龙族、夜叉、优婆塞等诸天用天上的芳香花朵供养他,奏响天上音乐,世界十万由香花、花环、华美绳结组成一体。此时,有名叫索提约的牧草商携取牧草行走至此,得识大士形相,便献出八束牧草。菩萨承受牧草,攀登觉城坛,面朝南方正立。当时南边圆轮坐下,犹如堕地狱之地;北边越过轮圈,仿佛临涅槃之境。菩萨绕行觉城坛,至西方,面朝东方而立。西边圆轮坐下,犹如堕地狱;东方超越轮圈,上游于生死之地。固定之处,宛若大轮围绕,宽广大地隆起。菩萨思惟;此处亦当非觉悟之地,乃前往北方,面向南方正立。北边圆轮坐下,犹如堕地狱;南边越过轮圈,上游于生死之地。思惟此处亦非觉悟之地,向东方,面向西方正立。东方乃诸佛卧床之所,不会颤动不摇动。菩萨识此乃诸佛未被迷惑、坚定不动之所在,应以牺牲的三束草为床,再次起行,至此立定,共有十四万铺盖。诸草整齐成堆,如善妙心意之工匠所制,无人能笔录。菩萨背靠菩提茎干,面向东方,坚心正立——
‘‘Kāmaṃ taco ca nhāru ca, aṭṭhi ca avasissatu;
“愿肉体的皮肉和骨头坚固存在;
Upasussatu nissesaṃ, sarīre maṃsalohitaṃ. (a. ni. 2.5; ma. ni. 2.184) –
全身的肌肉与血脉都健康不受损。”(引阿含经与中部经)
‘Na tvevāhaṃ sammāsambodhiṃ appatvā imaṃ pallaṅkaṃ bhindissāmī’’’ti asanisatasannipātenapi abhejjarūpaṃ aparājitapallaṅkaṃ ābhujitvā nisīdi.
“我一定会成正觉,绝不会毁坏这铺盖。”在风暴骤至时,他怀着无法击破的坚定佛床,安然坐下。
Tasmiṃ samaye māro pāpimā – ‘‘siddhatthakumāro mayhaṃ vasaṃ atikkamitukāmo, na dānissa atikkamituṃ dassāmī’’ti mārabalassa santikaṃ gantvā etamatthaṃ ārocetvā māraghosanaṃ nāma ghosāpetvā mārabalaṃ ādāya nikkhami. Sā mārasenā mārassa purato dvādasayojanā hoti, dakkhiṇato ca vāmato ca dvādasayojanā, pacchato cakkavāḷapariyantaṃ katvā ṭhitā, uddhaṃ navayojanubbedhā hoti, yassā unnadantiyā unnādasaddo yojanasahassato paṭṭhāya pathaviundriyanasaddoviya sūyati. Atha māro devaputto diyaḍḍhayojanasatikaṃ girimekhalaṃ nāma hatthiṃ abhiruhitvā bāhusahassaṃ māpetvā nānāvudhāni aggahesi. Avasesāyapi māraparisāya dve janā ekasadisā ekasadisaṃ āvudhaṃ gaṇhantā nāhesuṃ. Nānāvaṇṇā nānappakāramukhā hutvā nānāvudhāni gaṇhantā bodhisattaṃ ajjhottharamānā āgamaṃsu.
此时魔王恶魔欲越过我身下的小王子顶住我,不让我过去,他亲临魔军之中,宣告使命,发出魔吼,带领魔众出发。魔军前方有十二由旬,左右各十二由旬,后环绕如车轮,向上有九由旬断层。魔军立像山岳震动,惊天动地如雷鸣。魔王乃天子,骑象立于高处,手持万军旗帜,聚集各种利器。魔众持械排列,排成多行,向菩萨涌来。
Dasasahassacakkavāḷadevatā pana mahāsattassa thutiyo vadamānā aṭṭhaṃsu. Sakko devarājā vijayuttarasaṅkhaṃ dhamamāno aṭṭhāsi. So kira saṅkho vīsahatthasatiko hoti, sakiṃ vātaṃ gāhāpetvā dhamiyamāno cattāro māse saddaṃ karitvā nissaddo hoti. Mahākāḷanāgarājā atirekapadasatena vaṇṇaṃ vaṇṇentova aṭṭhāsi, mahābrahmā setacchattaṃ dhārayamāno aṭṭhāsi. Mārabale pana bodhimaṇḍaṃ upasaṅkamante tesaṃ ekopi ṭhātuṃ nāsakkhi, sammukhasammukhaṭṭhāneneva palāyiṃsu. Kāḷo nāma nāgarājāpi pathaviyaṃ nimujjitvā pañcayojanasatikaṃ mañjerikanāgabhavanaṃ gantvā ubhohi hatthehi mukhaṃ pidahitvā nipanno. Sakko devarājāpi vijayuttarasaṅkhaṃ piṭṭhiyaṃ katvā cakkavāḷamukhavaṭṭiyaṃ aṭṭhāsi, mahābrahmā setacchattaṃ koṭiyaṃ gahetvā brahmalokameva agamāsi. Ekadevatāpi ṭhātuṃ samatthā nāma nāhosi. Mahāpuriso pana ekakova nisīdi.
十万轮回神诸天为大士喝彩鼓舞。萨咖天帝吹响胜利大鼓。该鼓长二十二肘,吹鼓终声持续四月,方息。大黑龙王一百多足,色彩变换庄严,梵天披白伞盖立于一旁。诸魔军进逼菩萨觉城,无一能立足,不敢正面相迎,纷纷逃散。一位名为黑龙王者潜入地下百由旬远的龙宫,双手捂面而坐。萨咖天帝吹响胜利大鼓,梵天执白伞,旋即升返梵天界。无人敢再立于觉城,大士唯独端坐。
Māropi attano parisaṃ āha – ‘‘tātā, suddhodanaputtena siddhatthena sadiso añño puriso nāma natthi, mayaṃ sammukhā yuddhaṃ dātuṃ na sakkhissāma, pacchābhāgena dassāmā’’ti. Mahāpurisopi tīṇi passāni oloketvā sabbadevatānaṃ palātattā suññāni addasa. Puna uttarapassena mārabalaṃ ajjhottharamānaṃ disvā ‘‘ayaṃ ettako jano maṃ ekakaṃ sandhāya mahantaṃ vāyāmaṃ karoti, imasmiṃ ṭhāne mayhaṃ mātā vā pitā vā bhātā vā añño vā koci ñātako natthi, imā pana dasa pāramiyova mayhaṃ dīgharattaṃ puṭṭhaparijanasadisā. Tasmā mayā pāramiyova balaggaṃ katvā pāramisattheneva paharitvā imaṃ balakāyaṃ viddhaṃsetuṃ vaṭṭatī’’ti dasa pāramiyo āvajjamāno nisīdi.
魔王对自己的随从说:“父亲啊,世尊果德玛与净头子的儿子一样,没有第二个人,我等无法当面与他交战,唯有退居后方观察。”而伟丈夫环视三方,瞻察山岳,见诸天众都已逃散,寂然空无一物。复向北望,见魔王威力日渐增长,心中说道:“这里的人众如此众多,仅凭一己之力难以匹敌,我这无亲无属,既无母亲、父亲、兄弟,也无亲族,唯有这十度功德,常伴我长久如亲人。我今将十度作为力量的根基,以度德为利器,必当摧毁这个敌手。”于是,充满十度力量的他安坐下来。
Atha kho māro devaputto – ‘‘vāteneva siddhatthaṃ palāpessāmī’’ti vātamaṇḍalaṃ samuṭṭhāpesi. Taṅkhaṇaññeva puratthimādibhedāvātā samuṭṭhahitvā addhayojanayojanadviyojanatiyojanappamāṇāni pabbatakūṭāni padāletvā vanagaccharukkhādīni uddhaṃmūlāni katvā samantā gāmanigame cuṇṇavicuṇṇe kātuṃ samatthāpi mahāpurisassa puññatejena vihatānubhāvā bodhisattaṃ patvā bodhisattassa cīvarakaṇṇamattampi cāletuṃ nāsakkhiṃsu. Tato – ‘‘udakena naṃ ajjhottharitvā māressāmī’’ti mahāvassaṃ samuṭṭhāpesi. Tassānubhāvena uparūpari satapaṭalasahassapaṭalādibhedā valāhakā uṭṭhahitvā vassiṃsu. Vuṭṭhidhārāvegena pathavī chiddāvachiddā ahosi . Vanarukkhādīnaṃ uparibhāgena mahāmegho āgantvā mahāsattassa cīvare ussāvabindugahaṇamattampi temetuṃ nāsakkhi. Tato pāsāṇavassaṃ samuṭṭhāpesi. Mahantāni mahantāni pabbatakūṭāni dhūmāyantāni pajjalantāni ākāsenāgantvā bodhisattaṃ patvā dibbamālāguḷabhāvaṃ āpajjiṃsu. Tato paharaṇavassaṃ samuṭṭhāpesi. Ekatodhārā ubhatodhārā asisattikhurappādayo dhūmāyantā pajjalantā ākāsenāgantvā bodhisattaṃ patvā dibbapupphāni ahesuṃ. Tato aṅgāravassaṃ samuṭṭhāpesi. Kiṃsukavaṇṇā aṅgārā ākāsenāgantvā bodhisattassa pādamūle dibbapupphāni hutvā vikiriṃsu. Tato kukkuḷavassaṃ samuṭṭhāpesi. Accuṇho aggivaṇṇo kukkuḷo ākāsenāgantvā bodhisattassa pādamūle candanacuṇṇaṃ hutvā nipatati. Tato vālukāvassaṃ samuṭṭhāpesi. Atisukhumā vālukā dhūmāyantā pajjalantā ākāsenāgantvā mahāsattassa pādamūle dibbapupphāni hutvā nipatiṃsu. Tato kalalavassaṃ samuṭṭhāpesi, taṃ kalalaṃ dhūmāyantaṃ pajjalantaṃ ākāsenāgantvā bodhisattassa pādamūle dibbavilepanaṃ hutvā nipatati. Tato ‘‘iminā bhiṃsetvā siddhatthaṃ palāpessāmī’’ti andhakāraṃ samuṭṭhāpesi. Taṃ caturaṅgasamannāgataṃ andhakāraṃ viya mahātamaṃ hutvā bodhisattaṃ patvā sūriyappabhāvihataṃ viya andhakāraṃ antaradhāyi.
此时魔王之子施展神通,宣言“凭风势吹熄世尊火焰”。他兴起风轮,吹动迎面诸风,掀起卷揽广阔山峰,吹落林木树枝及树根,席卷村落乡野。魔力强大,甚至能令世尊身上的袈裟轻轻浮动,却不能将其撼动。继而又掀起大水波澜,欲以水浇灭世尊。水波翻涌,溅起千层波浪,澎湃如山,大地被水势冲破碎裂。山林树冠上聚集大云,降雨欲熄世尊袈裟上的雨滴,却无法成功。随后掀起石砾风暴,滚烫雄伟的山峰被火焰焚烧,布满浓烟,天降佛陀身上。再掀起火焰大风暴,天上火焰如烟云纷纷降落,燃烧世尊,变现神花环绕。又掀起炭火风暴,火炭与烟云笼罩,佛陀脚下神花烧成灰烬四散飞扬。继而掀起香木炭火,燃香木炭落于佛脚,香灰飘散。又掀起鸡冠炭火,鸡冠形火焰如火柱降落佛足,生如檀香粉末,逐渐散尽。又掀起细沙风暴,细微炽热沙粒如火焰降临,燃尽世尊脚下神花,沙粒纷飞。继而掀起泥砂火浪,散落炽热泥土如火焰般降落佛足,火燃之处形成神奇涂饰。最后聚集浓厚黑暗,如四面八方猛大黑雾,包围佛陀,遮蔽阳光,使世尊如沉没于极黑暗之中。
Evaṃ so māro imāhi navahi vātavassapāsāṇapaharaṇaaṅgārakukkuḷavālukākalalandhakāravuṭṭhīhi bodhisattaṃ palāpetuṃ asakkonto – ‘‘kiṃ, bhaṇe, tiṭṭhatha, imaṃ siddhatthakumāraṃ gaṇhatha hanatha palāpethā’’ti attano parisaṃ āṇāpetvā sayampi girimekhalassa hatthino khandhe nisinno cakkāvudhaṃ ādāya bodhisattaṃ upasaṅkamitvā ‘‘siddhattha, uṭṭhehi etasmā pallaṅkā, nāyaṃ tuyhaṃ pāpuṇāti, mayhaṃ esa pāpuṇātī’’ti āha. Mahāsatto tassa vacanaṃ sutvā avoca – ‘‘māra, neva tayā dasa pāramiyo pūritā, na upapāramiyo, na paramatthapāramiyo, nāpi pañca mahāpariccāgā pariccattā, na ñātatthacariyā, na lokatthacariyā, na buddhatthacariyā pūritā, sabbā tā mayāyeva pūritā, tasmā nāyaṃ pallaṅko tuyhaṃ pāpuṇāti, mayheveso pāpuṇātī’’ti.
如此,魔王连用九次风暴、水火石沙以及浓黑暗的攻势,欲逼退世尊终不成功。魔王对随从厉声命令:“你们且待于此,攻打此世尊子,务必擒获,击杀他!”于是召集众随从进逼佛陀所在,自己则坐于山腰,手持法器,迎面前进,劝告佛陀:“世尊啊,请你起身离开此床榻,此地不适合你停留。”佛陀大士听闻魔王所言,回答道:“魔,你虽有十种度德,不是彼岸度德,不是胜义度德,五大无上布施也未完备,无所知行,无助世间,无利佛法,诸种度德悉由我圆满,故此此床不为你所有,我才是此床的拥有者。”
Māro kuddho kodhavegaṃ asahanto mahāpurisassa cakkāvudhaṃ vissajjesi. Taṃ tassa dasa pāramiyo āvajjentasseva uparibhāge mālāvitānaṃ hutvā aṭṭhāsi. Taṃ kira khuradhāraṃ cakkāvudhaṃ aññadā kuddhena vissaṭṭhaṃ ekagghanapāsāṇatthambhe vaṃsakaḷīre viya chindantaṃ gacchati. Idāni pana tasmiṃ mālāvitānaṃ hutvā ṭhite avasesā māraparisā ‘‘idāni siddhattho pallaṅkato vuṭṭhāya palāyissatī’’ti mahantamahantāni selakūṭāni vissajjesuṃ, tānipi mahāpurisassa dasa pāramiyo āvajjentassa mālāguḷabhāvaṃ āpajjitvā bhūmiyaṃ patiṃsu. Devatā cakkavāḷamukhavaṭṭiyaṃ ṭhitā gīvaṃ pasāretvā sīsaṃ ukkhipitvā ‘‘naṭṭho vata, bho, siddhatthakumārassa rūpaggappatto attabhāvo, kiṃ nu kho so karissatī’’ti olokenti.
魔王怒火中烧,戾气暴涨,挥手抛出法器。法器被十种度德所附,顿时炸裂如砍断坚石般崩碎。此刻,十度德缠绕的法器残片落地,魔众言:“此时世尊将起身逃跑。”群魔分散四方逃散,不复有头颅装饰及法衣,面对面避去。天众立于佛陀附近,伸舌摇头叹息说:“身形光采之物堕落消亡,世尊容颜已失,究竟他将何为?”
Tato bodhisatto ‘‘pūritapāramīnaṃ bodhisattānaṃ sambujjhanadivase pattapallaṅko mayhaṃ pāpuṇātī’’ti vatvā ṭhitaṃ māraṃ āha – ‘‘māra, tuyhaṃ dānassa dinnabhāve ko sakkhī’’ti. Māro ‘‘ime ettakāva janā sakkhino’’ti mārabalābhimukhaṃ hatthaṃ pasāresi. Tasmiṃ khaṇe māraparisāya ‘‘ahaṃ sakkhi, ahaṃ sakkhī’’ti pavattasaddo pathaviundriyanasaddasadiso ahosi. Atha māro mahāpurisaṃ āha – ‘‘siddhattha, tuyhaṃ dānassa dinnabhāve ko sakkhī’’ti. Mahāpuriso ‘‘tuyhaṃ tāva dānassa dinnabhāve sacetanā sakkhino, mayhaṃ pana imasmiṃ ṭhāne sacetano koci sakkhi nāma natthi, tiṭṭhatu tāva me avasesaattabhāvesu dinnadānaṃ, vessantarattabhāve pana ṭhatvā mayhaṃ sattasatakamahādānassa tāva dinnabhāve acetanāpi ayaṃ ghanamahāpathavī sakkhī’’ti cīvaragabbhantarato dakkhiṇahatthaṃ abhinīharitvā ‘‘vessantarattabhāve ṭhatvā mayhaṃ sattasatakamahādānassa dinnabhāve tvaṃ sakkhi, na sakkhī’’ti mahāpathaviyābhimukhaṃ hatthaṃ pasāresi. Mahāpathavī ‘‘ahaṃ te tadā sakkhī’’ti viravasatena viravasahassena viravasatasahassena mārabalaṃ avattharamānā viya unnadi.
于是佛陀说:“十度圆满的行菩萨,当修成菩提之日,这床榻归于我所有。”说毕,站立起来,向魔王说:“魔啊,你谁能为你的施舍所作见证?”魔王展手聚集众力,众魔纷纷呼喊“我乃见证,我乃见证”,声震地底。魔王对大士言:“世尊,你的施舍由谁作证?”佛陀言:“你那一施舍只有有意识的见证,我这里没有意识见证,只有大地为我见证。我坐禅修地,七百七十万大布施皆有人无意识见证。你为此伸手向着大地,我向大地伸手,大地威猛如潮水般为我证实。”
Tato mahāpurise ‘‘dinnaṃ te, siddhattha, mahādānaṃ uttamadāna’’nti vessantaradānaṃ sammasante diyaḍḍhayojanasatiko girimekhalahatthī jaṇṇukehi pathaviyaṃ patiṭṭhāsi, māraparisā disāvidisā palāyiṃsu, dve ekamaggena gatā nāma natthi, sīsābharaṇāni ceva nivatthavasanāni ca chaḍḍetvā sammukhasammukhadisāhiyeva palāyiṃsu. Tato devasaṅghā palāyamānaṃ mārabalaṃ disvā ‘‘mārassa parājayo jāto, siddhatthakumārassa jayo jāto, jayapūjaṃ karissāmā’’ti devatā devatānaṃ, nāgā nāgānaṃ, supaṇṇā supaṇṇānaṃ, brahmāno brahmānaṃ ghosetvā gandhamālādihatthā mahāpurisassa santikaṃ bodhipallaṅkaṃ āgamaṃsu.
于是世尊对魔王言:“你的大布施,种下顶上赠与。”大布施超过十五由旬,安稳如山。魔众见势四散避去,无一人回头,卸除头冠与衣饰,面向面逃避。天众见魔兵逃散,谓言:“魔王战败,世尊凯旋,我们当为他呈诵凯歌。”诸天、龙族、神鸟、梵天均来,闻香花之名,献花环来到世尊床榻前。
Evaṃ gatesu pana tesu –
然而当时那些人已离开时,
‘‘Jayo hi buddhassa sirīmato ayaṃ, mārassa ca pāpimato parājayo;
谓曰:『此乃具大光辉的佛陀的胜利,恶魔魔的败北;
Ugghosayuṃ bodhimaṇḍe pamoditā, jayaṃ tadā devagaṇā mahesino.
天众在觉悟宝座上欢喜高扬,此胜利当时令天众尊敬。』
‘‘Jayo hi buddhassa sirīmato ayaṃ, mārassa ca pāpimato parājayo;
谓曰:『此乃具大光辉的佛陀的胜利,恶魔魔的败北;
Ugghosayuṃ bodhimaṇḍe pamoditā, jayaṃ tadā nāgagaṇā mahesino.
龙众在觉悟宝座上欢喜高扬,此胜利当时令龙众尊敬。』
‘‘Jayo hi buddhassa sirīmato ayaṃ, mārassa ca pāpimato parājayo;
谓曰:『此乃具大光辉的佛陀的胜利,恶魔魔的败北;
Ugghosayuṃ bodhimaṇḍe pamoditā, jayaṃ tadā supaṇṇasaṅghāpi mahesino.
在菩提树下欢喜欢庆,胜利那时,金翅鸟群亦由诸天顶礼赞叹。
‘‘Jayo hi buddhassa sirīmato ayaṃ, mārassa ca pāpimato parājayo;
“这是尊贵佛陀的胜利,魔王恶霸的败退。”
Ugghosayuṃ bodhimaṇḍe pamoditā, jayaṃ tadā brahmagaṇā mahesino’’ti. –
在菩提树下欢欣雀跃,胜利那时,梵众大神亦同欢喜赞颂。”
Avasesā dasasu cakkavāḷasahassesu devatā mālāgandhavilepanehi pūjayamānā nānappakārā ca thutiyo vadamānā aṭṭhaṃsu. Evaṃ dharamāneyeva sūriye mahāpuriso mārabalaṃ vidhamitvā cīvarūpari patamānehi bodhirukkhaṅkurehi rattapavāḷadalehi viya pūjiyamāno paṭhamayāme pubbenivāsaṃ anussaritvā majjhimayāme dibbacakkhuṃ visodhetvā pacchimayāme paṭiccasamuppāde ñāṇaṃ otāresi. Athassa dvādasapadikaṃ paccayākāraṃ vaṭṭavivaṭṭavasena anulomapaṭilomato sammasantassa dasasahassī lokadhātu udakapariyantaṃ katvā dvādasakkhattuṃ saṅkampi.
余下的成千上万遍轮天中,天众以各式各样香花与芬芳供养,唱颂赞歌。如此时,圣者如日耀世,破伏魔势,犹如披着袈裟,坐于菩提树枝蔓之上,像夜间鲜红光芒叶片受到敬敬礼。初更时分,忆念前生;中更时分,净慧天眼;末更时分,断缘起智。彼时,圣者以十二因缘相续,顺逆交替,契合相合,圆满修成,成就十万遍轮,包围水绕盛大世界十二犁度。
Mahāpurise pana dasasahassilokadhātuṃ unnādetvā aruṇuggamanavelāya sabbaññutaññāṇaṃ paṭivijjhante sakalā dasasahassī lokadhātu alaṅkatapaṭiyattā ahosi. Pācīnacakkavāḷamukhavaṭṭiyaṃ ussāpitānaṃ dhajānaṃ paṭākā pacchimacakkavāḷamukhavaṭṭiṃ paharanti, tathā pacchimacakkavāḷamukhavaṭṭiyaṃ ussāpitānaṃ dhajānaṃ paṭākā pācīnacakkavāḷamukhavaṭṭiṃ paharanti, dakkhiṇacakkavāḷamukhavaṭṭiyaṃ ussāpitānaṃ dhajānaṃ paṭākā uttaracakkavāḷamukhavaṭṭiṃ paharanti, uttaracakkavāḷamukhavaṭṭiyaṃ ussāpitānaṃ dhajānaṃ paṭākā dakkhiṇacakkavāḷamukhavaṭṭiṃ paharanti, pathavitale ussāpitānaṃ dhajānaṃ paṭākā brahmalokaṃ āhacca aṭṭhaṃsu, brahmaloke baddhānaṃ dhajānaṃ paṭākā pathavitale patiṭṭhahiṃsu, dasasahassesu cakkavāḷesu pupphūpagā rukkhā pupphaṃ gaṇhiṃsu, phalūpagā rukkhā phalapiṇḍibhārasahitā ahesuṃ. Khandhesu khandhapadumāni pupphiṃsu, sākhāsu sākhāpadumāni, latāsu latāpadumāni, ākāse olambakapadumāni, ghanasilātalāni bhinditvā uparūpari satapattāni hutvā daṇḍakapadumāni uṭṭhahiṃsu. Dasasahassī lokadhātu vaṭṭetvā vissaṭṭhamālāguḷā viya susanthatapupphasanthāro viya ca pupphābhikiṇṇā ahosi. Cakkavāḷantaresu aṭṭhayojanasahassā lokantarikanirayā sattasūriyappabhāhipianobhāsitapubbā tadā ekobhāsā ahesuṃ. Caturāsītiyojanasahassagambhīro mahāsamuddo madhurodako ahosi, nadiyo na pavattiṃsu, jaccandhā rūpāni passiṃsu, jātibadhirā saddaṃ suṇiṃsu, jātipīṭhasappino padasā gacchiṃsu, andubandhanādīni chijjitvā patiṃsu.
圣者拔起十万遍轮世界,于晨曦时间,洞察遍知。所有十万遍轮都现辉映装饰。东方遍轮边缘,展开旌旗彩幡;西方遍轮边缘,同样旌旗彩幡护卫东方;南边遍轮边缘展开旌旗护卫北遍轮;北边遍轮边缘展开旌旗护卫南遍轮。地面上的旌旗将梵天世界连接,梵天中的旗帜又回驻足于地面。十万遍轮布满了花果树木,枝叶繁茂,承载着花朵与果实。众花似莲,各蕴片花,枝叶上开满攀缘藤蔓。苍空中悬挂莲花如同坚固宝塔,砾石叶片破碎,层层堆叠成棍棒状升起。十万遍轮环绕,花海如细丝纱织缀,花香满盈。遍轮之间相距八千由旬,诸天日光如光晕辉映其上,犹如唯一光明照耀。深达四万八千由旬的大海,甘甜清澈,但无流水奔涌。月亮之影可见,生来聋者得以听声,处于地狱中者以足跛行,断绝了束缚的链索,复归无碍。
Evaṃ aparimāṇena sirivibhavena pūjiyamāno mahāpuriso anekappakāresu acchariyadhammesu pātubhūtesu sabbaññutaṃ paṭivijjhitvā sabbabuddhehi avijahitaṃ udānaṃ udānesi –
如是以无尽无量的荣耀财宝,被崇敬的圣者,通晓种种奇异事相,遍知一切圆满智慧,向诸佛倾吐庄严赞歌。
‘‘Anekajātisaṃsāraṃ, sandhāvissaṃ anibbisaṃ;
“多生轮回中,生命辗转不息;
Gahakāraṃ gavesanto, dukkhā jāti punappunaṃ.
寻求家庭,苦苦受生反复出现。
‘‘Gahakāraka diṭṭhosi, puna gehaṃ na kāhasi;
你已见家庭之害,绝不再愿归家;
Sabbā te phāsukā bhaggā, gahakūṭaṃ visaṅkhataṃ;
你所有的门窗皆破坏,家庭建筑已毁坏;
Visaṅkhāragataṃ cittaṃ, taṇhānaṃ khayamajjhagā’’ti. (dha. pa. 153-154);
心已脱离烦恼,渴爱已于中间灭尽。”(法句经 第153-154偈)
Iti tusitabhavanato paṭṭhāya yāva ayaṃ bodhimaṇḍe sabbaññutappatti, ettakaṃ ṭhānaṃ avidūrenidānaṃ nāmāti veditabbaṃ.
如是,从忉利天界返来后,此地即成佛陀智慧集结之所,此处虽非远离尘世,然名为“涅槃所在”,应当如此认识。
Avidūrenidānakathā niṭṭhitā. · 不远因缘故事已完。
3. Santikenidānakathā
三、近因讲述
‘‘Santikenidānaṃ pana ‘ekaṃ samayaṃ bhagavā sāvatthiyaṃ viharati jetavane anāthapiṇḍikassa ārāme’. ‘Vesāliyaṃ viharati mahāvane kūṭāgārasālāya’nti ca evaṃ tasmiṃ tasmiṃ ṭhāneyeva labbhatī’’ti vuttaṃ. Kiñcāpi evaṃ vuttaṃ, atha kho pana tampi ādito paṭṭhāya evaṃ veditabbaṃ – udānañhi udānetvā jayapallaṅke nisinnassa bhagavato etadahosi – ‘‘ahaṃ kappasatasahassādhikāni cattāri asaṅkhyeyyāni imassa pallaṅkassa kāraṇā sandhāviṃ, ettakaṃ me kālaṃ imasseva pallaṅkassa kāraṇā alaṅkatasīsaṃ gīvāya chinditvā dinnaṃ, suañjitāni akkhīni hadayamaṃsañca uppāṭevā dinnaṃ, jālīkumārasadisā puttā, kaṇhājinakumārisadisā dhītaro, maddīdevisadisā bhariyāyo ca paresaṃ dāsatthāya dinnā. Ayaṃ me pallaṅko jayapallaṅko thirapallaṅko, ettha me nisinnassa saṅkappā paripuṇṇā, na tāva ito vuṭṭhahissāmī’’ti anekakoṭisatasahassasamāpattiyo samāpajjanto sattāhaṃ tattheva nisīdi. Yaṃ sandhāya vuttaṃ – ‘‘atha kho bhagavā sattāhaṃ ekapallaṅkena nisīdi vimuttisukhapaṭisaṃvedī’’ti (mahāva. 1; udā. 1).
“『近因』中说:‘一时,世尊住在沙瓦提,在给孤独园的祗树林。又说:‘他住在韦萨离的大林中,靠近窣堵坡的讲堂。’如此这般,他就在各自的地方安住。”这是所说的内容。但也有人依据此说,进一步领悟如下——当时世尊清晨起身后,坐在胜床上,有此观感:‘我已经积累了超过一万亿百千万的世间因缘,正是这床的因缘。正是这床使我头部的发丝被割断供养,双眼和心脏组织被剥离供养,像蛛网的少年儿子、黑眼的女儿们,及玛迪德维王后等妻妾,都曾被他人赠与供养。此床是我胜利的床,是真正的长久安稳定的床,坐于此时,我的思想圆满,今后便不会再离开这里了。’他一再心怀此念,连续七周坐于此处。对此说曰:‘当时世尊七周仅以一张床坐着,体会解脱和安乐。’(《大毗婆沙论》1卷;《怛那哆经》1卷)
Atha ekaccānaṃ devatānaṃ ‘‘ajjāpi nūna siddhatthassa kattabbakiccaṃ atthi, pallaṅkasmiñhi ālayaṃ na vijahatī’’ti parivitakko udapādi. Satthā devatānaṃ parivitakkaṃ ñatvā tāsaṃ vitakkavūpasamatthaṃ vehāsaṃ abbhuggantvā yamakapāṭihāriyaṃ dassesi. Mahābodhimaṇḍe hi katapāṭihāriyañca ñātisamāgame katapāṭihāriyañca pāthikaputtasamāgame katapāṭihāriyañca sabbaṃ kaṇḍambarukkhamūle katayamakapāṭihāriyasadisaṃ ahosi.
后来,有些天众起疑心说:“如今确实有须达多应做的事,他难道不离开这床的住处吗?”得知天众此思维,世尊为了使他们的疑虑平息,出示了双重神迹。于大菩提树下及亲族聚会中,显示了神迹;又于释子聚会中显示了神迹,且于所有法幢树根处都显示了类似神迹。
Evaṃ satthā iminā pāṭihāriyena devatānaṃ vitakkaṃ vūpasametvā pallaṅkato īsakaṃ pācīnanissite uttaradisābhāge ṭhatvā ‘‘imasmiṃ vata me pallaṅke sabbaññutaṃ paṭividdha’’nti cattāri asaṅkhyeyyāni kappasatasahassañca pūritānaṃ pāramīnaṃ balādhigamaṭṭhānaṃ pallaṅkaṃ bodhirukkhañca animisehi akkhīhi olokayamāno sattāhaṃ vītināmesi, taṃ ṭhānaṃ animisacetiyaṃ nāma jātaṃ. Atha satthā pallaṅkassa ca ṭhitaṭṭhānassa ca antarā caṅkamaṃ māpetvā puratthimapacchimato āyate ratanacaṅkame caṅkamanto sattāhaṃ vītināmesi. Taṃ ṭhānaṃ ratanacaṅkamacetiyaṃ nāma jātaṃ.
于是,世尊以此神迹平伏天众的疑虑,站于床尾靠近南方,向北方望去,说:“我于此床已圆满成就诸多无量无边的波罗蜜,数以亿计的世代都具足了力量。”他凝视这菩提床七周之久,由此处得名为无明消灭之地。然后,世尊在床与所在处之间行走,往东方和西方来回走动,此地被称为宝石行走之处。
Catutthe pana sattāhe bodhito pacchimuttaradisābhāge devatā ratanagharaṃ māpayiṃsu. Tattha bhagavā pallaṅkena nisīditvā abhidhammapiṭakaṃ visesato cettha anantanayasamantapaṭṭhānaṃ vicinanto sattāhaṃ vītināmesi. Ābhidhammikā panāhu – ‘‘ratanagharaṃ nāma na sattaratanamayaṃ gehaṃ, sattannaṃ pana pakaraṇānaṃ sammasitaṭṭhānaṃ ‘ratanaghara’nti vuccatī’’ti. Yasmā panettha ubhopete pariyāyena yujjanti, tasmā ubhayampetaṃ gahetabbameva. Tato paṭṭhāya pana taṃ ṭhānaṃ ratanagharacetiyaṃ nāma jātaṃ. Evaṃ satthā bodhisamīpeyeva cattāri sattāhāni vītināmetvā pañcame sattāhe bodhirukkhamūlā yena ajapālanigrodho tenupasaṅkami. Tatrāpi dhammaṃ vicinanto vimuttisukhañca paṭisaṃvedento nisīdi.
第四周时,他在东西南北诸天方位,建造了天宫。世尊坐于床上,专注于《阿毗达摩藏》特别是无上无边一切显现法的研究,专注观察达七周之久。据阿毗达摩人说:“所谓宝石天宫并非由七宝组成的房屋,而是由七件法器所支持之处,故称宝石天宫。”因二者说法相互对应,故二者都应接受。由此认定该处名为宝石天宫。世尊当时七周未曾离开宝石天宫。第五周时,菩提床根基下方,长出了阿阇梨树。世尊坐于此处,继续观照法,并体悟解脱安乐。
Tasmiṃ samaye māro pāpimā ‘‘ettakaṃ kālaṃ anubandhanto otārāpekkhopi imassa na kiñci khalitaṃ addasaṃ, atikkantodāni esa mama vasa’’nti domanassappatto mahāmagge nisīditvā soḷasa kāraṇāni cintento bhūmiyaṃ soḷasa lekhā ākaḍḍhi – ‘‘ahaṃ eso viya dānapāramiṃ na pūresiṃ, tenamhi iminā sadiso na jāto’’ti ekaṃ lekhaṃ ākaḍḍhi. Tathā ‘‘ahaṃ eso viya sīlapāramiṃ…pe… nekkhammapāramiṃ, paññāpāramiṃ, vīriyapāramiṃ, khantipāramiṃ, saccapāramiṃ, adhiṭṭhānapāramiṃ, mettāpāramiṃ, upekkhāpāramiṃ na pūresiṃ, tenamhi iminā sadiso na jāto’’ti dasamaṃ lekhaṃ ākaḍḍhi. Tathā ‘‘ahaṃ eso viya asādhāraṇassa indriyaparopariyattañāṇassa paṭivedhāya upanissayabhūtā dasa pāramiyo na pūresiṃ, tenamhi iminā sadiso na jāto’’ti ekādasamaṃ lekhaṃ ākaḍḍhi. Tathā ‘‘ahaṃ eso viya asādhāraṇassa āsayānusayañāṇassa…pe… mahākaruṇāsamāpattiñāṇassa, yamakapāṭihāriyañāṇassa, anāvaraṇañāṇassa, sabbaññutaññāṇassa paṭivedhāya upanissayabhūtā dasa pāramiyo na pūresiṃ, tenamhi iminā sadiso na jāto’’ti soḷasamaṃ lekhaṃ ākaḍḍhi. Evaṃ māro imehi kāraṇehi mahāmagge soḷasa lekhā ākaḍḍhitvā nisīdi.
此时,恶魔魔王生起忧愁,说:“经历了这么长时间,始终束缚我,这里虽不让我有畏惧,但未见所损,我已极力克服,如今此处乃我管辖之境。”于是,祂坐于大道上,思索十六因缘,在地面上刻下十六个符号──他说:“我未曾圆满完成布施波罗蜜,因缘于此未现。”刻下记号之一。又说:“我未圆满完成持戒波罗蜜……离欲波罗蜜、智慧波罗蜜、精进波罗蜜、忍辱波罗蜜、真理波罗蜜、决意波罗蜜、慈爱波罗蜜、舍弃波罗蜜,因缘未现。”刻下第十记号。又说:“我未圆满完成了特殊的胜解净明智慧,具备超越诸根之自如,因缘未现。”刻下第十一记号。又说:“我未圆满成就特异的贪恚习气根除见解、无漏智慧、遍知智慧、双重神迹智慧与不可漏智慧,因缘未现。”刻下第十六记号。魔王由此原因,在大道上刻下了十六记符,坐在那里。
Tasmiñca samaye taṇhā, arati, ragā cāti tisso māradhītaro (saṃ. ni. 1.161) ‘‘pitā no na paññāyati, kahaṃ nu kho etarahī’’ti olokayamānā taṃ domanassappattaṃ bhūmiṃ lekhamānaṃ nisinnaṃ disvā pitu santikaṃ gantvā ‘‘kasmā, tāta, tvaṃ dukkhī dummano’’ti pucchiṃsu. ‘‘Ammā, ayaṃ mahāsamaṇo mayhaṃ vasaṃ atikkanto, ettakaṃ kālaṃ olokento otāramassa daṭṭhuṃ nāsakkhiṃ, tenamhi dukkhī dummano’’ti. ‘‘Yadi evaṃ mā cintayittha, mayametaṃ attano vase katvā ādāya āgamissāmā’’ti āhaṃsu. ‘‘Na sakkā, ammā, esa kenaci vase kātuṃ, acalāya saddhāya patiṭṭhito esa puriso’’ti. ‘‘Tāta, mayaṃ itthiyo nāma, idāneva naṃ rāgapāsādīhi bandhitvā ānessāma, tumhe mā cintayitthā’’ti vatvā bhagavantaṃ upasaṅkamitvā ‘‘pāde te, samaṇa , paricāremā’’ti āhaṃsu. Bhagavā neva tāsaṃ vacanaṃ manasi akāsi, na akkhīni ummīletvā olokesi, anuttare upadhisaṅkhaye vimuttiyā vivekasukhaññeva anubhavanto nisīdi.
当时,那三种魔的儿子——贪欲、憎恶、嫉妒——回想说:“父亲并未了解,我们怎么能在这里消停呢?”他们观看那心生忧苦的人,坐卧于地,见他欲往父亲处,便问他:“父亲啊,你为什么忧愁愤怒?”他说:“母亲,这位大沙门越过了我所居的地方,长时间巡视,见了山谷,未曾眨眼,所以如此忧愁愤怒。”母亲说:“如果是这样,你不必担忧,我等会将他接至自己处来。”他说:“不行,母亲,此人已坚定持有不动摇的信心,不能为外人所挪动。”母亲说:“父亲,我们是女儿,如今不要束缚他于爱欲宫殿,别担忧。”说毕,便去向世尊,恭敬地说:“沙门,此略请您接待。”世尊没有将此话记于心,也未开眼观察,而是于无上断恶知见的解脱中欢喜安住,静坐体会孤寂安乐。
Puna māradhītaro ‘‘uccāvacā kho purisānaṃ adhippāyā, kesañci kumārikāsu pemaṃ hoti, kesañci paṭhamavaye ṭhitāsu, kesañci majjhimavaye ṭhitāsu, kesañci pacchimavaye ṭhitāsu, yaṃnūna mayaṃ nānappakārehi rūpehi palobhetvā gaṇheyyāmā’’ti ekamekā kumārikavaṇṇādivasena sakaṃ sakaṃ attabhāvaṃ abhinimminitvā kumārikā, avijātā, sakiṃvijātā, duvijātā, majjhimitthiyo, mahitthiyo ca hutvā chakkhattuṃ bhagavantaṃ upasaṅkamitvā ‘‘pāde te, samaṇa, paricāremā’’ti āhaṃsu. Tampi bhagavā na manasākāsi, yathā taṃ anuttare upadhisaṅkhaye vimutto. Keci panācariyā vadanti – ‘‘tā mahitthibhāvena upagatā disvā bhagavā – ‘etā khaṇḍadantā palitakesā hontū’ti adhiṭṭhāsī’’ti. Taṃ na gahetabbaṃ. Na hi bhagavā evarūpaṃ adhiṭṭhānaṃ akāsi. Bhagavā pana ‘‘apetha tumhe, kiṃ disvā evaṃ vāyamatha, evarūpaṃ nāma avītarāgādīnaṃ purato kātuṃ vaṭṭati. Tathāgatassa pana rāgo pahīno, doso pahīno, moho pahīno’’ti attano kilesappahānaṃ ārabbha –
后来,那几位魔的儿子又说:“男子强于言辞,某些爱恋少女,有的处于青春初期,有的处于中期或晚期。我们想借各种姿色招引并掌控他们。”于是逐一表现少女的容貌及其各种特性,分别幻化为少女、未婚、近亲、远亲、男性、女性,然后前来拜见世尊,说:“沙门,请您接待我们。”世尊也未在心中接受这邀请,仍如先前,于无上断恶之中保持解脱。有人传说老师曾以雄性形象出现,断定世尊说:“她们是残缺牙齿,杂乱头发。”此说不可信,世尊不曾作如是断定。世尊则说:“你们为何痴心妄想?诸如这些无法对无丝毫爱欲的圣者有所作为。正如如来已断欲、断恨、断痴,已开始断除烦恼。”
‘‘Yassa jitaṃ nāvajīyati, jitamassa noyāti koci loke;
“被战胜者不再领导他人,战胜者无人能夺走其成就。”
Taṃ buddhamanantagocaraṃ, apadaṃ kena padena nessatha.
“你应护持依止佛陀无尽的境界,不应让其有丝毫堕落。”
‘‘Yassa jālinī visattikā, taṇhā natthi kuhiñci netave;
“网棚虽多,但渴爱却无可系在其中。”
Taṃ buddhamanantagocaraṃ, apadaṃ kena padena nessathā’’ti. (dha. pa. 179-180) –
“你应护持依止佛陀无尽的境界,不应让其有丝毫堕落。”(此四句出自《法句经》179-180偈)
Imā dhammapade buddhavagge dve gāthā vadanto dhammaṃ desesi. Tā ‘‘saccaṃ kira no pitā avoca, ‘arahaṃ sugato loke, na rāgena suvānayo’’’tiādīni (saṃ. ni. 1.161) vatvā pitu santikaṃ āgamiṃsu.
在《佛陀品》中,本法句有两偈偈说法。偈曰『实为我父所说,“阿拉汉、善逝者在世间,不为贪欲所染”,诸如此类』(参见《相应部·杂事经》第1卷161经)。佛乃言毕,便前往父亲住所。
Bhagavāpi tattheva sattāhaṃ vītināmetvā tato mucalindamūlaṃ agamāsi. Tattha sattāhavaddalikāya uppannāya sītādipaṭibāhanatthaṃ mucalindena nāma nāgarājena sattakkhattuṃ bhogehi parikkhitto asambādhāya gandhakuṭiyaṃ viharanto viya vimuttisukhaṃ paṭisaṃvediyamāno sattāhaṃ vītināmetvā rājāyatanaṃ upasaṅkamitvā tatthapi vimuttisukhaṃ paṭisaṃvediyamānoyeva sattāhaṃ vītināmesi. Ettāvatā satta sattāhāni paripuṇṇāni. Etthantare neva mukhadhovanaṃ, na sarīrapaṭijagganaṃ , na āhārakiccaṃ ahosi, jhānasukhaphalasukheneva ca vītināmesi.
世尊亦如是,在那里七日闭目净心。此时,有一名叫穆叉林的城王,由于当地酷暑难耐,为了避暑,居住于香楼中,享用七十种美食。世尊闭目七日,往王宫走去,也在王宫中觉知解脱之乐,且同样闭目七日。如此完整地七七四十九日。其间无漱口之事,亦无身体拘束或饮食所役,只享禅那与禅那的快乐果报。
Athassa tasmiṃ sattasattāhamatthake ekūnapaññāsatime divase tattha nisinnassa ‘‘mukhaṃ dhovissāmī’’ti cittaṃ udapādi. Sakko devānamindo agadaharītakaṃ āharitvā adāsi, satthā taṃ paribhuñji, tenassa sarīravaḷañjo ahosi. Athassa sakkoyeva nāgalatādantakaṭṭhañceva mukhadhovanodakañca adāsi. Satthā taṃ dantakaṭṭhaṃ khāditvāva anotattadahodakena mukhaṃ dhovitvā tattheva rājāyatanamūle nisīdi.
于这七十日之末第四十九日,一天,坐着时心生“我要洗口”的念头。萨咖天帝取来牙刷,赠予世尊,世尊以之清洁口腔,乃得身心畅快。又萨咖天帝取登藤木和漱口水给世尊,世尊用漱口水漱牙,并于王宫下静坐。
Tasmiṃ samaye tapussa bhallikā nāma dve vāṇijā pañcahi sakaṭasatehi ukkalā janapadā majjhimadesaṃ gacchantā pubbe attano ñātisālohitāya devatāya sakaṭāni sannirumbhitvā satthu āhārasampādane ussāhitā manthañca madhupiṇḍikañca ādāya – ‘‘paṭiggaṇhātu no, bhante, bhagavā imaṃ āhāraṃ anukampaṃ upādāyā’’ti satthāraṃ upanāmetvā aṭṭhaṃsu. Bhagavā pāyāsapaṭiggahaṇadivaseyeva pattassa antarahitattā ‘‘na kho tathāgatā hatthesu paṭiggaṇhanti, kimhi nu kho ahaṃ paṭiggaṇheyya’’nti cintesi. Athassa cittaṃ ñatvā catūhi disāhi cattāro mahārājāno indanīlamaṇimaye patte upanāmesuṃ, bhagavā te paṭikkhipi. Puna muggavaṇṇaselamaye cattāro patte upanāmesuṃ. Bhagavā catunnampi mahārājānaṃ saddhānurakkhaṇatthāya cattāropi patte paṭiggahetvā uparūpari ṭhapetvā ‘‘eko hotū’’ti adhiṭṭhāsi. Cattāropi mukhavaṭṭiyaṃ paññāyamānalekhā hutvā majjhimappamāṇena ekattaṃ upagamiṃsu. Bhagavā tasmiṃ paccagghe selamaye patte āhāraṃ paṭiggahetvā paribhuñjitvā anumodanaṃ akāsi. Te dve bhātaro vāṇijā buddhañca dhammañca saraṇaṃ gantvā dvevācikā upāsakā ahesuṃ. Atha nesaṃ ‘‘ekaṃ no, bhante, paricaritabbaṭṭhānaṃ dethā’’ti vadantānaṃ dakkhiṇahatthena attano sīsaṃ parāmasitvā kesadhātuyo adāsi. Te attano nagare tā dhātuyo suvaṇṇasamuggassa anto pakkhipitvā cetiyaṃ patiṭṭhāpesuṃ.
当时,有名为塔普萨·巴利迦的二位商贩,带五百辆车,途经中州,曾为自己的亲友赤臂天神用车相赠,因而发心供养世尊饮食。来到世尊处,恭敬献食求受。世尊于这日饮乳糜已毕,思忖“如来不接受手中物,何况我呢?”。其心既知,有四大帝王于四方宝帘内恭敬地将供养品呈献,世尊以手拨开。又于鹿色石时四方帝王供奉八张宝帷,经世尊允可后,彼此重叠摆置合一。世尊坐于中央,四方宝帷成册,中有智慧之字记。于彼时象座期间,世尊接受供养,欢喜享用。二商人皈依佛法,皆为双语居士。彼此尊师行礼,并称“世尊,当有一所应供养之场所”,以右手托顶,献发舍利。于其城中将舍利珍藏于金盒,立于佛塔之中。
Sammāsambuddho pana tato vuṭṭhāya puna ajapālanigrodhameva gantvā nigrodhamūle nisīdi. Athassa tattha nisinnamattasseva attanā adhigatadhammassa gambhīrataṃ paccavekkhantassa sabbabuddhānaṃ āciṇṇo – ‘‘kicchena adhigato kho myāyaṃ dhammo’’ti paresaṃ adesetukāmatākārappatto vitakko udapādi. Atha kho brahmā sahampati ‘‘nassati vata bho loko, vinassati vata bho loko’’ti dasahi cakkavāḷasahassehi sakkasuyāmasantusitanimmānarativasavattimahābrahmāno ādāya satthu santikaṃ āgantvā ‘‘desetu, bhante, bhagavā dhamma’’ntiādinā nayena dhammadesanaṃ āyāci.
然后,正觉者起身,复往阿迦帕罗树,即那枣树下,独坐。世尊安然反观所证之法深义,众佛所敬,心中生念:“我所得法甚为难得”,欲示他人。此时,梵天大自在王携十千四万诸天及大梵众,因萨咖忌妒而喜,前来世尊面前,请求世尊说法。
Satthā tassa paṭiññaṃ datvā ‘‘kassa nu kho ahaṃ paṭhamaṃ dhammaṃ deseyya’’nti cintento ‘‘āḷāro paṇḍito, so imaṃ dhammaṃ khippaṃ ājānissatī’’ti cittaṃ uppādetvā puna olokento tassa sattāhakālaṅkatabhāvaṃ ñatvā udakaṃ āvajjesi. Tassāpi abhidosakālaṅkatabhāvaṃ ñatvā ‘‘bahūpakārā kho me pañcavaggiyā bhikkhū’’ti pañcavaggiye ārabbha manasi katvā ‘‘kahaṃ nu kho te etarahi viharantī’’ti āvajjento ‘‘bārāṇasiyaṃ isipatane migadāye’’ti ñatvā katipāhaṃ bodhimaṇḍasāmantāyeva piṇḍāya caranto viharitvā ‘‘āsāḷhipuṇṇamāyaṃ bārāṇasiṃ gantvā dhammacakkaṃ pavattessāmī’’ti pakkhassa cātuddasiyaṃ paccūsasamaye paccuṭṭhāya pabhātāya rattiyā kālasseva pattacīvaramādāya aṭṭhārasayojanamaggaṃ paṭipanno antarāmagge upakaṃ nāma ājīvakaṃ disvā tassa attano buddhabhāvaṃ ācikkhitvā taṃ divasameva sāyanhasamaye isipatanaṃ sampāpuṇi.
世尊允诺说法,思忖“先谁为首说法”?心念起:“阿闍黎者聪慧,必能速得法义”。复视当时众生染污之状,乃召水入坛。知五教派创始者亦染污,乃先发心修五部比库,意念:“彼等此时所处何方?”复召,知彼在巴拉那西仙人堕处鹿野苑附近之菩提树等处乞食修行。思念“于阿萨莱月圆殊胜时,于巴拉那西演法轮”,遂于四月十四日前夜、破晓时分披衣,循十八由旬之道,行至名为优迦者生计者处,向其显现成佛之相;当日暮时分始抵达仙人堕处。
Pañcavaggiyā tathāgataṃ dūratova āgacchantaṃ disvā ‘‘ayaṃ āvuso, samaṇo gotamo paccayabāhullāya āvattitvā paripuṇṇakāyo pīṇindriyo suvaṇṇavaṇṇo hutvā āgacchati. Imassa vandanādīni na karissāma, mahākulappasuto kho panesa āsanābhihāraṃ arahati, tenassa āsanamattaṃ paññāpessāmā’’ti katikaṃ akaṃsu. Bhagavā sadevakassa lokassa cittācārajānanasamatthena ñāṇena ‘‘kiṃ nu kho ime cintayiṃsū’’ti āvajjetvā cittaṃ aññāsi. Atha tesu sabbadevamanussesu anodissakavasena pharaṇasamatthaṃ mettacittaṃ saṅkhipitvā odissakavasena mettacittena phari. Te bhagavatā mettacittena saṃphuṭṭhā tathāgate upasaṅkamante sakāya katikāya saṇṭhātuṃ asakkontā paccuggantvā abhivādanādīni sabbakiccāni akaṃsu. Sammāsambuddhabhāvaṃ panassa ajānantā kevalaṃ nāmena ca āvusovādena ca samudācariṃsu.
五部族的众人远远见到如来,便说:「这位朋友是沙门果德玛,因缘甚多,退避纷扰,身心充满,眼目明亮,呈现金色光泽而来。我们不打算对其致敬等行为,毕竟这位贵族之后承受此座位的使用,是阿拉汉,就是说我们仅简单告知其此座位而已。」世尊以观照天地众生心性之智慧,洞察他们心念,便问道:「这些人究竟在想什么呢?」接着,他心怀慈爱、愿以洞察之心相摄众生,基于慈心启迪他们。那些众生被世尊慈爱心所感召,走近如来,因为无法同群体共同聚集而散开,各自顶礼致敬,完成一切礼仪。彼时,因未能了解正觉之真谛,只以「朋友」之名称及呼语草率对待正觉者。
Atha ne bhagavā – ‘‘mā, bhikkhave, tathāgataṃ nāmena ca āvusovādena ca samudācaratha. Arahaṃ, bhikkhave, tathāgato sammāsambuddho’’ti attano buddhabhāvaṃ ñāpetvā paññattavarabuddhāsane nisinno uttarāsāḷhanakkhattayoge vattamāne aṭṭhārasahi brahmakoṭīhi parivuto pañcavaggiyatthere āmantetvā tiparivaṭṭaṃ dvādasākāraṃ chañāṇavijambhanaṃ anuttaraṃ dhammacakkappavattanasuttantaṃ (mahāva. 13 ādayo; saṃ. ni. 5.1081) desesi. Tesu koṇḍaññatthero desanānusārena ñāṇaṃ pesento suttapariyosāne aṭṭhārasahi brahmakoṭīhi saddhiṃ sotāpattiphale patiṭṭhāsi. Satthā tattheva vassaṃ upagantvā punadivase vappattheraṃ ovadanto vihāreyeva nisīdi, sesā cattāropi piṇḍāya cariṃsu. Vappatthero pubbaṇheyeva sotāpattiphalaṃ pāpuṇi . Etenevupāyena punadivase bhaddiyattheraṃ, punadivase mahānāmattheraṃ, punadivase assajittheranti sabbe sotāpattiphale patiṭṭhāpetvā pañcamiyaṃ pakkhassa pañcapi there sannipātetvā anattalakkhaṇasuttantaṃ (mahāva. 20 ādayo; saṃ. ni. 3.59) desesi. Desanāpariyosāne pañcapi therā arahatte patiṭṭhahiṃsu. Atha satthā yasassa kulaputtassa upanissayaṃ disvā taṃ rattibhāge nibbijjitvā gehaṃ pahāya nikkhantaṃ ‘‘ehi yasā’’ti pakkositvā tasmiṃyeva rattibhāge sotāpattiphale, punadivase arahatte patiṭṭhāpetvā, aparepi tassa sahāyake catupaññāsajane ehibhikkhupabbajjāya pabbājetvā arahattaṃ pāpesi.
随后,世尊告诫诸比库说:「诸比库啊,勿仅以名称或呼语称呼如来。如来,阿拉汉,正自觉者,正是佛。」说罢,世尊示现佛之相貌,端坐于北极星域之乌沙罗哈尼座上,环绕以十八亿亿梵天众。五部族长老们受召,被请至世尊左右,听受佛陀经文轮转之教法——为人难遇,具清净智见,能广演无上无比法轮的十二处边绕坛说经(即『大般涅槃经』十三章等、相应部律藏5.1081)。其间,长老孔迦奴以其智慧证得圣果初果,圆满经文末节,于十八亿亿梵天众一同行持。佛陀时居世中,翌日对那巴达长老开示,其他众长老亦于两天后施行乞食供养。那巴达长老次晨即证初果。如此方法,次日又于尊严长老、广大名长老、阿沙吉长老等众证初果,均相继集会,讲说无我经偈(大般涅槃经20章等、相应部律藏3.59)。经文演说结束,五位长老皆证阿拉汉果。随后,世尊发现夜半临近昙花之殷叶子出家修道,便召唤:「来吧,昙叶」,当夜即证初果,翌日即证阿拉汉果,且令其弟子四十五名跟随出家,证得阿拉汉果。
Evaṃ loke ekasaṭṭhiyā arahantesu jātesu satthā vuṭṭhavasso pavāretvā ‘‘caratha bhikkhave cārika’’nti saṭṭhibhikkhū disāsu pesetvā sayaṃ uruvelaṃ gacchanto antarāmagge kappāsikavanasaṇḍe tiṃsabhaddavaggiyakumāre vinesi. Tesu sabbapacchimako sotāpanno, sabbuttamo anāgāmī ahosi. Tepi sabbe ehibhikkhubhāveneva pabbājetvā disāsu pesetvā uruvelaṃ gantvā aḍḍhuḍḍhapāṭihāriyasahassāni dassetvā uruvelakassapādayo sahassajaṭilaparivāre tebhātikajaṭile vinetvā ehibhikkhubhāvena pabbājetvā gayāsīse nisīdāpetvā ādittapariyāyadesanāya (mahāva. 54) arahatte patiṭṭhāpetvā tena arahantasahassena parivuto ‘‘bimbisārarañño dinnapaṭiññaṃ mocessāmī’’ti rājagahanagarūpacāre laṭṭhivanuyyānaṃ agamāsi. Rājā uyyānapālassa santikā ‘‘satthā āgato’’ti sutvā dvādasanahutehi brāhmaṇagahapatikehi parivuto satthāraṃ upasaṅkamitvā cakkavicittatalesu suvaṇṇapaṭṭavitānaṃ viya pabhāsamudayaṃ vissajjentesu tathāgatassa pādesu sirasā nipatitvā ekamantaṃ nisīdi saddhiṃ parisāya.
于此世界中,世尊降临,身为六十岁时,放下担任教职之责,告诫诸比库说:「行走吧,诸比库,随众托钵云游!」六十名比库次第现前示现,他本人前往乌鲁维利亚,居于林中长松树荫下,三十名来自五个部族之贵族子弟相聚于彼。众中最后成为初果者,最高者为无余涅槃果者。三人皆由此变为出家众,再往五方开化,前往乌鲁维利亚,显现无数神迹奇事,世尊路过乌鲁维利亚的那伽脚下,与三尊者共度。诸比库以出家众身份涌现,坐于迦耶城扶桑,设蒂火遍观教法(《大毗婆沙论》54章),立定阿拉汉之果。其时,有臣王宾比萨拉身临园中,众闻世尊到来,十二位婆罗门与城中显贵环绕迦叶布莆尼。世尊俯首至座,独自静坐,与法会众同处一处。
Atha kho tesaṃ brāhmaṇagahapatikānaṃ etadahosi – ‘‘kiṃ nu kho mahāsamaṇo uruvelakassape brahmacariyaṃ carati, udāhu uruvelakassapo mahāsamaṇe’’ti. Bhagavā tesaṃ cetassā cetoparivitakkamaññāya uruvelakassapaṃ gāthāya ajjhabhāsi –
诸婆罗门与乡绅们见此,心中疑惑道:「这伟大的沙门乌鲁维利亚·迦沙帕修持何种梵行?乌鲁维利亚·迦沙帕果真是一位伟大的沙门吗?」世尊察知他们心中所想,遂以迦沙帕歌谣公开开示,
‘‘Kimeva disvā uruvelavāsi, pahāsi aggiṃ kisakovadāno;
「既见乌鲁维利亚居民,抛弃了火焰,犹如枯榛之薪;
Pucchāmi taṃ kassapa etamatthaṃ, kathaṃ pahīnaṃ tava aggihutta’’nti. –
我欲问迦沙帕何故如此,火焰如何消散。」
Theropi bhagavato adhippāyaṃ viditvā –
长老们也了知世尊的调御法则,
‘‘Rūpe ca sadde ca atho rase ca, kāmitthiyo cābhivadanti yaññā;
‘无论是色、声还是味道,以及欲求之事,皆称为诱因;
Etaṃ malantī upadhīsu ñatvā, tasmā na yiṭṭhe na hute arañji’’nti. (mahāva. 55) –
了解此等多纠缠的根本原因后,故不为所欢喜,也不为所厌恶’。——(出自《大事经》第五十五章)——
Imaṃ gāthaṃ vatvā attano sāvakabhāvappakāsanatthaṃ tathāgatassa pādapiṭṭhe sīsaṃ ṭhapetvā ‘‘satthā me, bhante bhagavā, sāvakohamasmī’’ti vatvā ekatālaṃ dvitālaṃ titālanti yāva sattatālappamāṇaṃ sattakkhattuṃ vehāsaṃ abbhuggantvā oruyha tathāgataṃ vanditvā ekamantaṃ nisīdi. Taṃ pāṭihāriyaṃ disvā mahājano ‘‘aho mahānubhāvā buddhā, evañhi thāmagatadiṭṭhiko nāma ‘arahā’ti maññamāno uruvelakassapopi diṭṭhijālaṃ bhinditvā tathāgatena damito’’ti satthu guṇakathaṃyeva kathesi. Bhagavā ‘‘nāhaṃ idāniyeva uruvelakassapaṃ damemi, atītepi esa mayā damito’’ti vatvā imissā aṭṭhuppattiyā mahānāradakassapajātakaṃ (jā. 2.22.1153 ādayo) kathetvā cattāri saccāni pakāsesi. Rājā ekādasahi nahutehi saddhiṃ sotāpattiphale patiṭṭhāsi, ekanahutaṃ upāsakattaṃ paṭivedesi. Rājā satthu santike nisinnoyeva pañca assāsake pavedetvā saraṇaṃ gantvā svātanāya nimantetvā uṭṭhāyāsanā bhagavantaṃ padakkhiṇaṃ katvā pakkami.
说完此偈,为显示自己为弟子身份,便在如来足下放头,反复拍打以示恭敬,重复一拍、两拍、三拍,一直到七拍,吹气吹拂后起来,礼敬如来,独自端坐一处。众生见此神通,心中赞叹道:‘啊!伟大的觉者佛陀,真如是坚守正见,被称为圣者。即使乌卢威拉.咖萨巴(须跋陀罗)亦被如来打破了错误见。’说着赞扬世尊功德。佛告言:“我非今时方才驯服乌卢威拉.咖萨巴,过去之时我亦曾驯服他。”于是宣说此八事因缘,讲述大难陀咖萨巴本生故事(《本生经》第二卷第二十二经之一千一百五十三节起),并阐明四谛。国王与一万一千多位众生一同证得初果意乐,又向一千多近人表述出家心得。国王坐于佛前,召唤五位侍者,令其护送,亲自为佛绕行三匝,然后起身就座。
Punadivase yehi ca bhagavā hiyyo diṭṭho, yehi ca adiṭṭho, te sabbepi rājagahavāsino aṭṭhārasakoṭisaṅkhā manussā tathāgataṃ daṭṭhukāmā pātova rājagahato laṭṭhivanuyyānaṃ agamaṃsu. Tigāvuto maggo nappahosi, sakalalaṭṭhivanuyyānaṃ nirantaraṃ phuṭaṃ ahosi. Mahājano dasabalassa rūpasobhaggappattaṃ attabhāvaṃ passantopi tittiṃ kātuṃ nāsakkhi. Vaṇṇabhūmi nāmesā. Evarūpesu hi ṭhānesu bhagavato lakkhaṇānubyañjanādippabhedā sabbāpi rūpakāyasirī vaṇṇetabbā. Evaṃ rūpasobhaggappattaṃ dasabalassa sarīraṃ passamānena mahājanena nirantaraṃ phuṭe uyyāne ca gamanamagge ca ekabhikkhussapi nikkhamanokāso nāhosi. Taṃ divasaṃ kira bhagavato bhattaṃ chinnaṃ bhaveyya, tasmā ‘‘taṃ mā ahosī’’ti sakkassa nisinnāsanaṃ uṇhākāraṃ dassesi. So āvajjamāno taṃ kāraṇaṃ ñatvā māṇavakavaṇṇaṃ abhinimminitvā buddhadhammasaṅghapaṭisaṃyuttā thutiyo vadamāno dasabalassa purato otaritvā devānubhāvena okāsaṃ katvā –
翌日,先前见到佛陀的人及未见过者,共计一亿八千万善男信士,从王舍城前来朝见如来,并前往林中游憩。三乘圣道未曾消散,整个林中游憩地不断显出神异。众生亲眼目睹具足十力的美妙形体,自觉难以忍受内心痛苦。此地名为色境。是处的诸多地方,因佛陀的种种特征、相状及别相而异,各具殊相美形。正因为有色的美妙,具足十力的身体显现于大众眼前,不论是在林间的游憩地,还是往返路上,甚至只有一位比库出行,都没有空隙错落。那天,佛陀的饭食恐被切断,故示现萨咖座位打哈欠。察觉此因缘后,一位模样如学童的比库,赞叹三宝及僧团之法,第十三次走近众人前,并以神通之力开道路,亲近前行,向众展现神通功德——
‘‘Danto dantehi saha purāṇajaṭilehi, vippamutto vippamuttehi;
“牙齿与牙齿紧紧相合,如同老藤缠绕,心无束缚,心无束缚”;
Siṅgīnikkhasavaṇṇo, rājagahaṃ pāvisi bhagavā.
世尊身色如狮子吼,进入了王舍城。
‘‘Mutto muttehi…pe….
“由众比库解脱……诸比库解脱……”等语。
‘‘Tiṇṇo tiṇṇehi…pe….
“由众比库已得出离……诸比库已证出离……”等语。
‘‘Santo santehi…pe… rājagahaṃ pāvisi bhagavā.
“由诸比库安乐……诸比库安乐……”等语,世尊进入王舍城。
‘‘Dasavāso dasabalo, dasadhammavidū dasabhi cupeto;
“十种住处、十种有力、十种法慧,十种渴欲缺乏;
So dasasataparivāro, rājagahaṃ pāvisi bhagavā’’ti. (mahāva. 58) –
带领着一百众随从,世尊进入了王舍城。”(大毗婆沙论 第58经)
Imāhi gāthāhi satthu vaṇṇaṃ vadamāno purato pāyāsi. Tadā mahājano māṇavakassa rūpasiriṃ disvā ‘‘ativiya abhirūpo vatāyaṃ māṇavako, na kho pana amhehi diṭṭhapubbo’’ti cintetvā ‘‘kuto ayaṃ māṇavako, kassa vā aya’’nti āha. Taṃ sutvā māṇavo –
在这些偈颂中,世尊的赞誉被宣说于前方。那时,大众见到学童的仪表容颜,心想:这少年极其俊美,可我们以前未曾见过。于是思惟:“此少年从何而来,属于谁呢?”随即呼唤他。学童听闻便答道——
‘‘Yo dhīro sabbadhi danto, suddho appaṭipuggalo;
“那具智慧,时刻自制,清净且无可指责者;
Arahaṃ sugato loke, tassāhaṃ paricārako’’ti. – gāthamāha;
乃阿拉汉,世间至善者,我就是他的侍从。”——他吟诵此偈。
Satthā sakkena katokāsaṃ maggaṃ paṭipajjitvā bhikkhusahassaparivuto rājagahaṃ pāvisi. Rājā buddhappamukhassa saṅghassa mahādānaṃ datvā ‘‘ahaṃ, bhante, tīṇi ratanāni vinā vasituṃ na sakkhissāmi, velāya vā avelāya vā bhagavato santikaṃ āgamissāmi, laṭṭhivanuyyānañca nāma atidūre, idaṃ pana amhākaṃ veḷuvanuyyānaṃ nātidūraṃ naccāsannaṃ gamanāgamanasampannaṃ buddhārahaṃ senāsanaṃ. Idaṃ me, bhante, bhagavā paṭiggaṇhātū’’ti suvaṇṇabhiṅgārena pupphagandhavāsitaṃ maṇivaṇṇaṃ udakamādāya veḷuvanuyyānaṃ pariccajanto dasabalassa hatthe udakaṃ pātesi. Tasmiṃ ārāme paṭiggahiteyeva ‘‘buddhasāsanassa mūlāni otiṇṇānī’’ti mahāpathavī kampi. Jambudīpatalasmiñhi ṭhapetvā veḷuvanaṃ aññaṃ mahāpathaviṃ kampetvā gahitasenāsanaṃ nāma natthi. Tambapaṇṇidīpepi ṭhapetvā mahāvihāraṃ aññaṃ pathaviṃ kampetvā gahitasenāsanaṃ nāma natthi. Satthā veḷuvanārāmaṃ paṭiggahetvā rañño anumodanaṃ katvā uṭṭhāyāsanā bhikkhusaṅghaparivuto veḷuvanaṃ agamāsi .
世尊在萨咖天帝所修行道场经过时,率领千名比库入王舍城。国王施以巨款予佛陀领导的僧团,言:“我,陛下,不可无三宝而立,必定时常至世尊面前。拉铁园虽远,而此森林园离我甚近,且适合舞蹈和行走,乃是世尊与阿拉汉的住所。愿世尊接受此地。”于是国王亲自携带金瓶装满香花香水,临近森林园供养,又以大象接水。园中一受献之时,地震动荡称:“佛法根基已被树立。”建筑于此须弥洲大陆的森林园,其余大地震动无如是建筑。不论于锡兰岛树立大寺或他处都无此震动。佛陀接受了这森林园后,国王亦即认可,遂起立,率比库众环绕林园而入。
Tasmiṃ kho pana samaye sāriputto ca moggallāno cāti dve paribbājakā rājagahaṃ upanissāya viharanti amataṃ pariyesamānā. Tesu sāriputto assajittheraṃ piṇḍāya paviṭṭhaṃ disvā pasannacitto payirupāsitvā ‘‘ye dhammā hetuppabhavā’’tiādigāthaṃ (mahāva. 60; apa. thera 1.1.286) sutvā sotāpattiphale patiṭṭhāya attano sahāyakassa moggallānassapi tameva gāthaṃ abhāsi. Sopi sotāpattiphale patiṭṭhahi. Te ubhopi sañcayaṃ oloketvā attano parisāya saddhiṃ bhagavato santike pabbajiṃsu. Tesu moggallāno sattāhena arahattaṃ pāpuṇi, sāriputto aḍḍhamāsena. Ubhopi te satthā aggasāvakaṭṭhāne ṭhapesi. Sāriputtattherena ca arahattaṃ pattadivaseyeva sannipātaṃ akāsi.
当时,也有沙利佛和马哈摩嘎喇那两位游方比库依傍王舍城而住,寻求不死。沙利佛见到阿沙基长老进食,心欢喜地恭敬他,诵读“诸法因缘而生”等偈(《大部》60;《长老传》1.1.286),获初果安住。其后,他又向同伴马哈摩嘎喇那唱颂同一偈语,马哈摩嘎喇那亦得初果安住。二人观察进去的僧众,遂与众弟子共往佛前出家。马哈摩嘎喇那一周达到阿拉汉果,沙利佛则半月内证得。二位在佛陀为首弟子集合处立定。沙利佛在证得阿拉汉果的当天亦成就正法的集会。
Tathāgate pana tasmiññeva veḷuvanuyyāne viharante suddhodanamahārājā ‘‘putto kira me chabbassāni dukkarakārikaṃ caritvā paramābhisambodhiṃ patvā pavattavaradhammacakko rājagahaṃ upanissāya veḷuvane viharatī’’ti sutvā aññataraṃ amaccaṃ āmantesi – ‘‘ehi bhaṇe, tvaṃ purisasahassaparivāro rājagahaṃ gantvā mama vacanena ‘pitā te suddhodanamahārājā daṭṭhukāmo’ti vatvā mama puttaṃ gaṇhitvā ehī’’ti āha. So ‘‘evaṃ, devā’’ti rañño vacanaṃ sirasā sampaṭicchitvā purisasahassaparivāro khippameva saṭṭhiyojanamaggaṃ gantvā dasabalassa catuparisamajjhe nisīditvā dhammadesanāvelāyaṃ vihāraṃ pāvisi. So ‘‘tiṭṭhatu tāva raññā pahitasāsana’’nti parisapariyante ṭhito satthu dhammadesanaṃ sutvā yathāṭhitova saddhiṃ purisasahassena arahattaṃ patvā pabbajjaṃ yāci. Bhagavā ‘‘etha bhikkhavo’’ti hatthaṃ pasāresi. Sabbe taṅkhaṇaññeva iddhimayapattacīvaradharā saṭṭhivassikattherā viya ahesuṃ. Arahattaṃ pattakālato paṭṭhāya pana ariyā nāma majjhattāva hontīti, so raññā pahitasāsanaṃ dasabalassa na kathesi. Rājā – ‘‘neva gato āgacchati, na sāsanaṃ suyyatī’’ti ‘‘ehi bhaṇe, tvaṃ gacchā’’ti eteneva niyāmena aññaṃ amaccaṃ pesesi. Sopi gantvā purimanayeneva saddhiṃ parisāya arahattaṃ patvā tuṇhī ahosi. Puna rājā ‘‘ehi bhaṇe, tvaṃ gaccha, tvaṃ gacchā’’ti eteneva niyāmena aparepi satta amacce pesesi. Te sabbe nava purisasahassaparivārā nava amaccā attano kiccaṃ niṭṭhāpetvā tuṇhībhūtā tattheva vihariṃsu.
正法者佛陀当时在此森林园中居住。王舍城纯德大王闻说“吾子历六十三年艰难修行,证正觉,转法轮,居于王舍城侧森林”,便召来一谋士,命之曰:“去吧!你率千人众往王舍城,依我之令称:‘尔父为纯德大王,愿见尔。’然后领吾子前来此处。”谋士答曰:“遵命,天王。”随即率众快步行走六十由旬,于大象四围席地之处坐定,住持说法休息。言道:“但愿君主法脉长存。”议席环绕,听世尊法音,遂与千缘众共证阿拉汉果,乞受出家。佛告:“此为比库。”遂伸手接纳。诸阿拉汉均为六十余岁长老,证得时,圣辈皆处于壮年,不曾向王招说法轮。王曰:“不来亦不去,律法不变。”于是劝令先前一谋士前往。彼即依令前行,独自证果入灭。王复命数劝送七谋士,俱证阿拉汉,还处寂静。
Rājā sāsanamattampi āharitvā ācikkhantaṃ alabhitvā cintesi – ‘‘ettakāpi janā mayi sinehābhāvena sāsanamattampi na paccāhariṃsu, ko nu kho me sāsanaṃ karissatī’’ti sabbaṃ rājabalaṃ olokento kāḷudāyiṃ addasa. So kira rañño sabbatthasādhako abbhantariko ativiya vissāsiko amacco bodhisattena saddhiṃ ekadivase jāto sahapaṃsukīḷako sahāyo. Atha naṃ rājā āmantesi – ‘‘tāta kāḷudāyi, ahaṃ mama puttaṃ daṭṭhukāmo navapurisasahassaparivārena nava amacce pesesiṃ, tesu ekopi āgantvā sāsanamattaṃ ārocento nāma natthi. Dujjāno kho pana me jīvitantarāyo, jīvamānoyevāhaṃ puttaṃ daṭṭhukāmo. Sakkhissasi nu kho me puttaṃ dassetu’’nti? ‘‘Sakkhissāmi, deva, sace pabbajituṃ labhissāmī’’ti. ‘‘Tāta, tvaṃ pabbajito vā apabbajito vā mayhaṃ puttaṃ dassehī’’ti. So ‘‘sādhu, devā’’ti rañño sāsanaṃ ādāya rājagahaṃ gantvā satthu dhammadesanāvelāya parisapariyante ṭhito dhammaṃ sutvā saparivāro arahattaṃ patvā ehibhikkhubhāvena pabbajitvā vihāsi.
国王带来了法筏,却未能听受,心中思索:『即便如此众人对我仍存亲爱,连法筏也未舍弃,究竟有谁要毁灭我的法呢?』他巡视整个王国,见到了伽卢多迦。此人向来为国王四处行事,内心极为坚定信赖,是与佛陀同时一日出生的同伴修行者,是国王的助手。于是国王召见他说:『伽卢多迦,我欲见我的儿子,特以九千新男子侍从护卫,然而无人来向我报告法筏的消息。我的生命危在旦夕,存活时我想见我儿。你能否替我求见?』他答应:『神祇若能让我依教出家,便为汝传见。』国王说:『不论你出家或未出家,都需帮我见儿。』于是他怀抱法筏,往王舍城进,佛陀讲法时他与众比库环绕,听法后与同伴修得阿拉汉果,便以比库身份出家安住。
Satthā buddho hutvā paṭhamaṃ antovassaṃ isipatane vasitvā vuṭṭhavasso pavāretvā uruvelaṃ gantvā tattha tayo māse vasanto tebhātikajaṭile vinetvā bhikkhusahassaparivāro phussamāsapuṇṇamāyaṃ rājagahaṃ gantvā dve māse vasi. Ettāvatā bārāṇasito nikkhantassa pañca māsā jātā, sakalo hemanto atikkanto. Kāḷudāyittherassa āgatadivasato sattaṭṭhadivasā vītivattā. Thero phagguṇamāsapuṇṇamāyaṃ cintesi – ‘‘atikkanto dāni hemanto, vasantasamayo anuppatto, manussehi sassādīni uddharitvā sammukhasammukhaṭṭhānehi maggā dinnā, haritatiṇasañchannā pathavī, supupphitā vanasaṇḍā, paṭipajjanakkhamā maggā, kālo dasabalassa ñātisaṅgahaṃ kātu’’nti. Atha bhagavantaṃ upasaṅkamitvā –
佛陀成道后,于初冬至年终期间,曾在仙人堕处第一个雨季安住,雨季终止后往乌鲁微罗,住三个月,灭除头发胸毛等,带领千余比库,浴足至望月日再返王舍城,行住止居两个月。出入巴拉那西经达五个月,越过整个寒冬。伽卢多迦长老自来日算至七十八日。他于具足望月日思维:『寒冬已过,春时未至,众生清净,林木绿蔽大地,花开成堆,行道可行,乃是承受十方亲族友众的理想时刻。』便往近前觐见世尊,
‘‘Aṅgārino dāni dumā bhadante, phalesino chadanaṃ vippahāya;
说道:『迦尔菩提,我等舍弃荫凉,像果实撑散遮盖;','846':'他们如炭火般闪耀,是大勇士品味趣乐……(长老赞歌第527节)';
Te accimantova pabhāsayanti, samayo mahāvīra bhāgī rasānaṃ…pe…. (theragā. 527);
『彼等犹如火焰,照耀四方。大雄者,此乃享用诸味之良机……(略)……』(《长老偈》第五二七偈)
‘‘Nātisītaṃ nātiuṇhaṃ, nātidubbhikkhachātakaṃ;
『不寒冷不炎热,非饥饿饱足不足;','848':'苍翠美丽的大地,这正是圣者的时节。』——
Saddalā haritā bhūmi, esa kālo mahāmunī’’ti. –
『大地青草茂盛,大牟尼,此乃(适宜之)时节。』
Saṭṭhimattāhi gāthāhi dasabalassa kulanagaragamanavaṇṇaṃ vaṇṇesi. Atha naṃ satthā – ‘‘kiṃ nu kho, udāyi, madhurassarena gamanavaṇṇaṃ vaṇṇesī’’ti āha. ‘‘Tumhākaṃ, bhante, pitā suddhodanamahārājā tumhe passitukāmo, karotha ñātakānaṃ saṅgaha’’nti. ‘‘Sādhu, udāyi, karissāmi ñātakānaṃ saṅgahaṃ, bhikkhusaṅghassa ārocehi, gamiyavattaṃ paripūressantī’’ti. ‘‘Sādhu, bhante’’ti thero tesaṃ ārocesi.
用六十首颂诗描绘十方诸族与城邑的行进情状。然后世尊问曰:「乌达伊,汝为什么描写行进时的甜美交通?」乌达伊答曰:「尊者,皇帝苏提陀多是你们的父亲,想要看望你们,请你集合亲族。」世尊说:「很好,乌达伊,我将给僧团通告,请他准备修满旅行的装备。」长老对众人说:「尊者吩咐了。」
Bhagavā aṅgamagadhavāsīnaṃ kulaputtānaṃ dasahi sahassehi, kapilavatthuvāsīnaṃ dasahi sahassehīti sabbeheva vīsatisahassehi khīṇāsavabhikkhūhi parivuto rājagahā nikkhamitvā divase divase yojanaṃ gacchati. ‘‘Rājagahato saṭṭhiyojanaṃ kapilavatthuṃ dvīhi māsehi pāpuṇissāmī’’ti aturitacārikaṃ pakkāmi. Theropi ‘‘bhagavato nikkhantabhāvaṃ rañño ārocessāmī’’ti vehāsaṃ abbhuggantvā rañño nivesane pāturahosi. Rājā theraṃ disvā tuṭṭhacitto mahārahe pallaṅke nisīdāpetvā attano paṭiyāditassa nānaggarasabhojanassa pattaṃ pūretvā adāsi. Thero uṭṭhāya gamanākāraṃ dassesi. ‘‘Nisīditvā bhuñja, tātā’’ti. ‘‘Satthu santikaṃ gantvā bhuñjissāmi, mahārājā’’ti. ‘‘Kahaṃ pana, tāta, satthā’’ti? ‘‘Vīsatisahassabhikkhuparivāro tumhākaṃ dassanatthāya cārikaṃ nikkhanto, mahārājā’’ti. Rājā tuṭṭhamānaso āha – ‘‘tumhe imaṃ paribhuñjitvā yāva mama putto imaṃ nagaraṃ pāpuṇāti, tāvassa itova piṇḍapātaṃ pariharathā’’ti. Thero adhivāsesi. Rājā theraṃ parivisitvā pattaṃ gandhacuṇṇena ubbaṭṭetvā uttamassa bhojanassa pūretvā ‘‘tathāgatassa dethā’’ti therassa hatthe patiṭṭhāpesi. Thero sabbesaṃ passantānaṃyeva pattaṃ ākāse khipitvā sayampi vehāsaṃ abbhuggantvā piṇḍapātaṃ āharitvā satthu hatthe ṭhapesi. Satthā taṃ paribhuñji. Eteneva upāyena thero divase divase piṇḍapātaṃ āhari. Satthāpi antarāmagge raññoyeva piṇḍapātaṃ paribhuñji. Theropi bhattakiccāvasāne divase divase ‘‘ajja bhagavā ettakaṃ āgato, ajja ettaka’’nti buddhaguṇapaṭisaṃyuttāya ca kathāya sakalaṃ rājakulaṃ satthudassanaṃ vināyeva satthari sañjātappasādaṃ akāsi. Teneva naṃ bhagavā ‘‘etadaggaṃ, bhikkhave, mama sāvakānaṃ bhikkhūnaṃ kulappasādakānaṃ yadidaṃ kāḷudāyī’’ti (a. ni. 1.219, 225) etadagge ṭhapesi.
世尊周游时,常与百城及迦毗罗卫的城中子弟数万人同行,随时随地行走于摩揭陀国各地。世尊说:「我将不间断地行走,从王舍城到迦毗罗卫约六十由旬的距离,计划为期两个月。」长老听闻,知道世尊要出行,立刻前往王宫拜见国王。国王见到长老,心生欢喜,令其坐于舒适的高床上,并将盛满甘香菜食的碟盘呈上。长老起身表示要继续行脚,国王说:「请坐下用餐,父亲。」长老曰:「我将前去拜见尊者后再用餐,陛下。」国王问:「尊者如今在何处?」长老答:「有两万名已断尽烦恼的比库环绕尊者,他正为诸君示现行脚。」国王欣然说:「你们护持此众,直到我的儿子抵达城中,也是施食供养的福德。」长老答应。国王围绕长老,将盛满香粉的盘子用布包好,放入上等饮食后,说:「这是付给如来者的供养。」长老将盘子高举于空中,吹响号角,召集托钵食,放入尊者手中。尊者接受并享用这些供养。正是由此方法,长老每日行脚收取托钵食,尊者也在路旁享用由国王所布施的供养。行脚结束,长老日日说:「今天尊者来得如此之多,今天多少。」藉由佛德具足的欢喜感召,王族都满心欢喜见到尊者。于是世尊说:「此事为我弟子中比库们庭族卑属的信心根基,世尊称之为‘黑夜之光’。」
Sākiyāpi kho anuppatte bhagavati ‘‘amhākaṃ ñātiseṭṭhaṃ passissāmā’’ti sannipatitvā bhagavato vasanaṭṭhānaṃ vīmaṃsamānā ‘‘nigrodhasakkassa ārāmo ramaṇīyo’’ti sallakkhetvā tattha sabbaṃ paṭijagganavidhiṃ kāretvā gandhapupphahatthā paccuggamanaṃ karontā sabbālaṅkārapaṭimaṇḍite daharadahare nāgaradārake ca nāgaradārikāyo ca paṭhamaṃ pahiṇiṃsu, tato rājakumāre ca rājakumārikāyo ca, tesaṃ anantarā sāmaṃ gandhapupphādīhi pūjayamānā bhagavantaṃ gahetvā nigrodhārāmameva agamaṃsu. Tattha bhagavā vīsatisahassakhīṇāsavaparivuto paññattavarabuddhāsane nisīdi . Sākiyā nāma mānajātikā mānatthaddhā, te ‘‘siddhatthakumāro amhehi daharataro, amhākaṃ kaniṭṭho, bhāgineyyo, putto, nattā’’ti cintetvā daharadahare rājakumāre āhaṃsu – ‘‘tumhe vandatha, mayaṃ tumhākaṃ piṭṭhito nisīdissāmā’’ti.
舍卫国的族人十分恭敬世尊,聚集在他的居所讨论赏识居处,称赞无患树园十分幽美,彼此约定在此处为尊者制造完备的礼敬仪式。众多妇女佩戴各种华饰,孩童男女率先献上御物,然后王子王孙亦依次奉献。奉献完毕,她们携带花香绕园,迎接世尊,令尊者进入无患树园。此时佛陀坐于庄严座位上,周围十万断尽烦恼的弟子围绕。舍卫众人彼此以自尊心互相推崇,说:「世尊年轻,是我们之中的最小者、亲爱者、儿子,姐姐。」他们顶礼世尊,愿作其依靠,世尊微笑观视诸众。
Tesu evaṃ avanditvā nisinnesu bhagavā tesaṃ ajjhāsayaṃ oloketvā ‘‘na maṃ ñātayo vandanti, handa dāni te vandāpessāmī’’ti abhiññāpādakaṃ catutthaṃ jhānaṃ samāpajjitvā tato vuṭṭhāya ākāsaṃ abbhuggantvā tesaṃ sīse pādapaṃsuṃ okiramāno viya kaṇḍambarukkhamūle yamakapāṭihāriyasadisaṃ pāṭihāriyaṃ akāsi. Rājā taṃ acchariyaṃ disvā āha – ‘‘bhante, tumhākaṃ jātadivase kāladevalassa vandanatthaṃ upanītānaṃ vopāde parivattetvā brāhmaṇassa matthake patiṭṭhite disvāpi ahaṃ tumhākaṃ pāde vandiṃ, ayaṃ me paṭhamavandanā. Vappamaṅgaladivase ca jambucchāyāya sirisayane nipannānaṃ vojambucchāyāya aparivattanaṃ disvāpi pāde vandiṃ, ayaṃ me dutiyavandanā. Idāni pana imaṃ adiṭṭhapubbaṃ pāṭihāriyaṃ disvāpi ahaṃ tumhākaṃ pāde vandāmi, ayaṃ me tatiyavandanā’’ti. Raññā pana vandite bhagavantaṃ avanditvā ṭhātuṃ samattho nāma ekasākiyopi nāhosi, sabbe vandiṃsuyeva.
世尊对众生观照心意,内心念想:「不是我的亲族向我顶礼,恐怕他们难以顶礼我。」于是进入第四禅定,显神通从空中下降,头发中飘落树叶花瓣,做出惊异神迹。国王见此异相,说:「尊者,诞生之日,天帝为祈福而使天象循环变化,婆罗门在头顶立坛,我见尊者足下,献上第一次礼敬。庆禧之日,君临阴凉之下,恭敬拜足,不动轮转,为第二次礼敬。今日见到尊者显示前所未有神迹,再次顶礼,第三次礼敬。」国王礼敬尊者后,众舍卫人民争先顶礼,没有一人不敬。
Iti bhagavā ñātayo vandāpetvā ākāsato otaritvā paññattāsane nisīdi. Nisinne bhagavati sikhāpatto ñātisamāgamo ahosi, sabbe ekaggacittā hutvā nisīdiṃsu. Tato mahāmegho pokkharavassaṃ vassi. Tambavaṇṇaṃ udakaṃ heṭṭhā viravantaṃ gacchati, temitukāmova temeti, atemitukāmassa sarīre ekabindumattampi na patati. Taṃ disvā sabbe acchariyabbhutacittā jātā ‘‘aho acchariyaṃ, aho abbhuta’’nti kathaṃ samuṭṭhāpesuṃ. Satthā ‘‘na idāneva mayhaṃ ñātisamāgame pokkharavassaṃ vassati, atītepi vassī’’ti imissā aṭṭhuppattiyā vessantarajātakaṃ (jā. 2.22.1655 ādayo) kathesi. Dhammakathaṃ sutvā sabbe uṭṭhāya vanditvā pakkamiṃsu. Ekopi rājā vā rājamahāmatto vā ‘‘sve amhākaṃ bhikkhaṃ gaṇhathā’’ti vatvā gato nāma natthi.
于是世尊接受众人顶礼,从空中降落,端坐于庄严座上。坐时,族内亲属会集,大家心意专注安坐。大雨如大云倾泻,水色如墨,水面波澜不兴,观者皆起惊叹心说:「啊!真是奇异、不可思议!」尊者说:「此非今日我亲族聚会时雨天降临,往昔亦曾如此。」引用《雨中生经》说明此现象。闻法众皆起身顶礼,离去。有国王或大臣说:「请收纳我们这些弟子吧。」但无人留下。
Satthā punadivase vīsatibhikkhusahassaparivuto kapilavatthuṃ piṇḍāya pāvisi. Taṃ na koci gantvā nimantesi, na pattaṃ vā aggahesi. Bhagavā indakhīle ṭhitova āvajjesi – ‘‘kathaṃ nu kho pubbabuddhā kulanagare piṇḍāya cariṃsu, kiṃ uppaṭipāṭiyā issarajanānaṃ gharāni agamaṃsu, udāhu sapadānacārikaṃ cariṃsū’’ti? Tato ekabuddhassapi uppaṭipāṭiyā gamanaṃ adisvā ‘‘mayāpi dāni ayameva tesaṃ vaṃso paggahetabbo, āyatiñca mama sāvakā mamaññeva anusikkhantā piṇḍacārikavattaṃ paripūressantī’’ti koṭiyaṃ niviṭṭhagehato paṭṭhāya sapadānaṃ piṇḍāya cari. ‘‘Ayyo kira siddhatthakumāro piṇḍāya caratī’’ti dvibhūmikatibhūmikādīsu pāsādesu sīhapañjaraṃ vivaritvā mahājano dassanabyāvaṭo ahosi.
第二日,尊者带领二万比库前往迦毗罗卫托钵。无人前来迎接,也不接纳供具。尊者住于印达吉乐地方,问曰:「先佛时代托钵行脚时,族中有何差别?主族之家是否如今一般接待供养?」后得知过去先佛子弟亦有差别,随其习气随地托钵行脚。尊者便于住宿营舍旁,在托钵行脚之路,整队前行。有人见到说:「哦,悉达多太子也在托钵行脚。」在大批人群中,窗扉敞开,呈现礼敬盛况。
Rāhulamātāpi devī – ‘‘ayyaputto kira imasmiṃyeva nagare mahantena rājānubhāvena suvaṇṇasivikādīhi vicaritvā idāni kesamassuṃ ohāretvā kāsāyavatthanivāsano kapālahattho piṇḍāya carati, sobhati nu kho’’ti sīhapañjaraṃ vivaritvā olokayamānā bhagavantaṃ nānāvirāgasamujjalāya sarīrappabhāya nagaravīthiyo obhāsetvā byāmappabhāparikkhepasamupabyūḷhāya asītānubyañjanappabhāsitāya dvattiṃsamahāpurisalakkhaṇapaṭimaṇḍitāya anopamāya buddhasiriyā virocamānaṃ disvā uṇhīsato paṭṭhāya yāva pādatalā –
拉胡拉之母,这位女神说:“尊者之子果然在这座城中,凭借伟大的国王的恩宠,与金有盖伞等庄严之物周游,现今剃去头发,披着袈裟,住在苦行树下,手持著钵离乞食,光彩照人。”她打开狮子笼,看见世尊,以多种无欲之光辉照耀,遍照身光,映照城市街道;祛除晦暗光澜涌动,显现七十二种相之光彩,身上布满三十二种大神特征,庄严无比的佛头光辉放射,世尊安坐着,披袈裟直至脚掌。
‘‘Siniddhanīlamudukuñcitakeso, sūriyanimmalatalābhinalāṭo;
『头发如净蓝宝石般整齐卷曲,额头有太阳的光辉之相』;
Yuttatuṅgamudukāyatanāso, raṃsijālavikasito narasīho’’ti. –
『鼻梁挺拔,如同塔尖,唇部如同绸缎,身形威猛似狮子』。」
Evamādikāhi dasahi narasīhagāthāhi abhitthavitvā ‘‘tumhākaṃ putto piṇḍāya caratī’’ti rañño ārocesi. Rājā saṃviggahadayo hatthena sāṭakaṃ saṇḍapento turitaturito nikkhamitvā vegena gantvā bhagavato purato ṭhatvā āha – ‘‘kinnu kho, bhante, amhe lajjāpetha, kimatthaṃ piṇḍāya caratha, kiṃ ‘ettakānaṃ bhikkhūnaṃ na sakkā bhattaṃ laddhu’nti saññaṃ karitthā’’ti? ‘‘Vaṃsacārittametaṃ, mahārāja, amhāka’’nti. ‘‘Nanu, bhante, amhākaṃ vaṃso nāma mahāsammatakhattiyavaṃso, ettha ca ekakhattiyopi bhikkhācarako nāma natthī’’ti. ‘‘Ayaṃ, mahārāja, khattiyavaṃso nāma tava vaṃso. Amhākaṃ pana ‘dīpaṅkaro koṇḍañño…pe… kassapo’ti ayaṃ buddhavaṃso nāma. Ete ca aññe ca anekasahassasaṅkhā buddhā bhikkhācāreneva jīvikaṃ kappesu’’nti antaravīthiyaṃ ṭhitova –
拥有这等特征的十句如狮子歌谣宣说后,国王问道:“你这位儿子也在乞食吗?”国王心怀忧虑,挥手驱赶大象,急速出城,站在世尊面前说道:“尊者,我们何以感羞?为何乞食?又为何认为‘这些比库不可取得饭食’呢?”世尊答曰:“这是我们家族的传统,尊大王。”国王说:“难道你们家族名号是‘伟大尊贵的王族’,而这里一点比库规则也不存在吗?”世尊答:“这家族名号正是尊王您的王族,但我们的家族名为‘灯明者、古月者、婆萨迦、咖萨巴’,这是佛的家族名。还有其他许多佛陀,以乞食为生。”世尊站立在内城街巷之间,宣说道:
‘‘Uttiṭṭhe nappamajjeyya, dhammaṃ sucaritaṃ care;
“起身,勿懈怠,修行正法要行持;
Dhammacārī sukhaṃ seti, asmiṃ loke paramhi cā’’ti. (dha. pa. 168) –
行持正法者终得安乐,此世及彼世皆然。”(《法句经》168句)
Imaṃ gāthamāha. Gāthāpariyosāne rājā sotāpattiphale patiṭṭhāsi.
这首偈颂是这样说的。偈颂结束时,国王立定于初果位(斯陀含果)。
‘‘Dhammañcare sucaritaṃ, na naṃ duccaritaṃ care;
『修法则行善业,行善非恶业;
Dhammacārī sukhaṃ seti, asmiṃ loke paramhi cā’’ti. (dha. pa. 169) –
修行法者心安乐,生于此世及彼世。』(法句经第169偈)——
Imaṃ gāthaṃ sutvā sakadāgāmiphale patiṭṭhāsi, mahādhammapālajātakaṃ (jā. 1.10.92 ādayo) sutvā anāgāmiphale patiṭṭhāsi, maraṇasamaye setacchattassa heṭṭhā sirisayane nipannoyeva arahattaṃ pāpuṇi. Araññavāsena padhānānuyogakiccaṃ rañño nāhosi. So sotāpattiphalaṃ sacchikatvāyeva pana bhagavato pattaṃ gahetvā saparisaṃ bhagavantaṃ mahāpāsādaṃ āropetvā paṇītena khādanīyena bhojanīyena parivisi. Bhattakiccapariyosāne sabbaṃ itthāgāraṃ āgantvā bhagavantaṃ vandi ṭhapetvā rāhulamātaraṃ. Sā pana ‘‘gaccha, ayyaputtaṃ vandāhī’’ti parijanena vuccamānāpi ‘‘sace mayhaṃ guṇo atthi, sayameva mama santikaṃ ayyaputto āgamissati, āgatameva naṃ vandissāmī’’ti vatvā na agamāsi.
闻此偈后,他证果位的初果比库立定;闻《大护法王生经》(第一部第十卷第九十二章)后,他证无退转果位。在临终时,他就如身处净土的睡床下,安然安躺,得阿拉汉圣果。作为森林行者,他没有辅佐王者的职责。虽得初果证实,但他仍接受世尊的袈裟,与弟子们一同,登上宏伟的佛殿,尊敬地以净食供养佛陀。完成供养事后,他恭敬地来到妇女居所,礼拜佛陀,并告诫拉胡拉母亲。该女说「去吧,尊者子,我将奉敬」,对侍从说「若我有所长,尊者子即刻来家,我必奉敬」,但并未赴见。
Bhagavā rājānaṃ pattaṃ gāhāpetvā dvīhi aggasāvakehi saddhiṃ rājadhītāya sirigabbhaṃ gantvā ‘‘rājadhītā yathāruci vandamānā na kiñci vattabbā’’ti vatvā paññattāsane nisīdi. Sā vegenāgantvā gopphakesu gahetvā pādapiṭṭhiyaṃ sīsaṃ parivattetvā yathājjhāsayaṃ vandi. Rājā rājadhītāya bhagavati sinehabahumānādiguṇasampattiṃ kathesi – ‘‘bhante, mama dhītā ‘tumhehi kāsāyāni vatthāni nivāsitānī’ti sutvā tato paṭṭhāya kāsāyavatthanivatthā jātā, tumhākaṃ ekabhattikabhāvaṃ sutvā ekabhattikāva jātā, tumhehi mahāsayanassa chaḍḍitabhāvaṃ sutvā paṭṭikāmañcakeyeva nipannā, tumhākaṃ mālāgandhādīhi viratabhāvaṃ ñatvā viratamālāgandhāva jātā, attano ñātakehi ‘mayaṃ paṭijaggissāmā’ti sāsane pesitepi tesu ekañātakampi na olokesi, evaṃ guṇasampannā me, bhante, dhītā’’ti. ‘‘Anacchariyaṃ, mahārāja, ayaṃ idāni tayā rakkhiyamānā rājadhītā paripakke ñāṇe attānaṃ rakkheyya, esā pubbe anārakkhā pabbatapāde vicaramānā aparipakkepi ñāṇe attānaṃ rakkhī’’ti vatvā candakinnarījātakaṃ (jā. 1.14.18 ādayo) kathetvā uṭṭhāyāsanā pakkāmi.
世尊接衣给王,与两位最亲近弟子一同,前往王女所处宫殿,对王女说:「王女既然恭敬相见,无事可言」便坐于指定座位。她急速前来,穿着裹身布,拭净脚面及头,心敬佛陀。国王向王女论述对佛的爱慕尊敬与功德财富,说:「尊者,我女闻‘你们穿着僧衣为衣’后,随之舍弃外衣,专着僧衣;闻你们享用单饭后,专以单饭为食;闻你们舍弃大床位,便如向垫席小床转变;闻你们戒除花香等香料,因知禁止用花香者由此而生;自己亲友都承诺‘我们必当会见’,但传法后竟无人来访。尊者,我女如是具德。」佛言:「这不足为奇,国王陛下,现时你保护的王女达成熟慧,能够守护自己;昔日边陲山脚徘徊时尚未成就成熟慧,亦能自行守护。」说罢,举《月精王生经》(第一部第十四卷第十八章)为例,起身离席。
Punadivase pana nandassa rājakumārassa abhisekagehappavesanavivāhamaṅgalesu vattamānesu tassa gehaṃ gantvā kumāraṃ pattaṃ gāhāpetvā pabbājetukāmo maṅgalaṃ vatvā uṭṭhāyāsanā pakkāmi. Janapadakalyāṇī kumāraṃ gacchantaṃ disvā ‘‘tuvaṭaṃ kho, ayyaputta, āgaccheyyāsī’’ti vatvā gīvaṃ pasāretvā olokesi. So bhagavantaṃ ‘‘pattaṃ gaṇhathā’’ti vattuṃ avisahamāno vihāraṃyeva agamāsi. Taṃ anicchamānaṃyeva bhagavā pabbājesi. Iti bhagavā kapilavatthuṃ gantvā tatiyadivase nandaṃ pabbājesi.
又一天,国王儿子南达正准备安居朝觐及婚庆吉日诸事,世尊前往其家,手持袈裟,祝愿吉祥后,起身离席。守门人看见王子前去,说:「尊者子应当随行」,伸舌头作揖观看。王子厌恶说「接受袈裟」,便回到住处。见不愿接受,世尊便为他出家。因此,世尊前往咖毕拉瓦图,第三天为南达剃除头发,使其出家。
Sattame divase rāhulamātāpi kumāraṃ alaṅkaritvā bhagavato santikaṃ pesesi – ‘‘passa, tāta, etaṃ vīsatisahassasamaṇaparivutaṃ suvaṇṇavaṇṇaṃ brahmarūpavaṇṇaṃ samaṇaṃ, ayaṃ te pitā, etassa mahantā nidhayo ahesuṃ tyassa nikkhamanakālato paṭṭhāya na passāma, gaccha, naṃ dāyajjaṃ yācāhi – ‘ahaṃ, tāta, kumāro abhisekaṃ patvā cakkavattī bhavissāmi, dhanena me attho, dhanaṃ me dehi. Sāmiko hi putto pitusantakassā’’’ti. Kumāro ca bhagavato santikaṃ gantvāva pitusinehaṃ labhitvā haṭṭhacitto ‘‘sukhā te, samaṇa, chāyā’’ti vatvā aññañca bahuṃ attano anurūpaṃ vadanto aṭṭhāsi. Bhagavā katabhattakicco anumodanaṃ vatvā uṭṭhāyāsanā pakkāmi. Kumāropi ‘‘dāyajjaṃ me, samaṇa, dehi, dāyajjaṃ me, samaṇa, dehī’’ti bhagavantaṃ anubandhi. Na bhagavā kumāraṃ nivattāpesi, parijanopi bhagavatā saddhiṃ gacchantaṃ nivattetuṃ nāsakkhi. Iti so bhagavatā saddhiṃ ārāmameva agamāsi.
第七日,罗睺罗之母也给幼子打扮整齐,遣送至世尊所——曰:「看哪,孩子,这二万名沙门俱集,具足金色光相,具婆罗门相貌的沙门,这是你父亲。因其出家之时远离,他留下大财宝,我们未曾得睹。你去,乞取遗产吧。『父亲,我孩子将受三宝加冕,将成为转轮圣王,财富对我有益,赐我财富吧。诸沙门即是子,子是父亲的延续』。」孩童至世尊所,得父亲厚爱,欣然相对,道:「愿汝安乐,沙门,愿汝如荫般受庇。」复以言辞多方称说自身合宜事。世尊称赞厨役,起坐起来。孩童依依不舍地缠著世尊说:「沙门,赐我遗产吧!赐我遗产吧!」世尊未令孩童退还,家人亦无法使世尊与其一同回去。于是世尊与众人同赴园中住所。
Tato bhagavā cintesi – ‘‘yaṃ ayaṃ pitusantakaṃ dhanaṃ icchati, taṃ vaṭṭānugataṃ savighātaṃ, handassa me bodhimaṇḍe paṭiladdhaṃ sattavidhaṃ ariyadhanaṃ demi, lokuttaradāyajjassa naṃ sāmikaṃ karomī’’ti āyasmantaṃ sāriputtaṃ āmantesi – ‘‘tena hi, sāriputta, rāhulaṃ pabbājehī’’ti. Thero taṃ pabbājesi. Pabbajite ca pana kumāre rañño adhimattaṃ dukkhaṃ uppajji, taṃ adhivāsetuṃ asakkonto bhagavantaṃ upasaṅkamitvā ‘‘sādhu, bhante, ayyā mātāpitūhi ananuññātaṃ puttaṃ na pabbājeyyu’’nti varaṃ yāci. Bhagavā ca tassa varaṃ datvā punekadivase rājanivesane katabhattakicco ekamantaṃ nisinnena raññā ‘‘bhante, tumhākaṃ dukkarakārikakāle ekā devatā maṃ upasaṅkamitvā ‘putto te kālaṅkato’ti āha, tassā vacanaṃ asaddahanto ‘na mayhaṃ putto sambodhiṃ appatvā kālaṃ karotī’ti taṃ paṭikkhipi’’nti vutte ‘‘tumhe idāni kiṃ saddahissatha, ye tumhe pubbepi aṭṭhikāni dassetvā ‘putto te mato’ti vutte na saddahitthā’’ti imissā aṭṭhuppattiyā mahādhammapālajātakaṃ kathesi. Kathāpariyosāne rājā anāgāmiphale patiṭṭhahi.
以后世尊思惟:「若贪此父亲所属财富,此财富伴随轮回而生种种苦恼。我已在菩提树下得七重殊胜的圣财,我不可做世间依止的财主。」乃告长老萨利菩提:「因如此,萨利菩提,令罗睺罗出家。」长老于是令其出家。出家后,罗睺罗因王权失落生大苦恼,难以忍受,乃至世尊前说:「善哉,受父母无违命令而不出家是善。」国王请求允许罗睺罗复归俗世。世尊受之。次日,在王宫中,厨役独坐一角,王后进来告语:「尊者,恶时一天,一天侍女来的天神说『汝子不洁』。对此我不信,言『若我子未得觉悟,怎会早逝?』」世尊于是以此教诫曰:「尔等今将以何为信?先前曾现八次异相告尔等『汝有子』,尔等皆不信。」后述《大法护子本生经》。话毕,国王得无来果立信。
Iti bhagavā pitaraṃ tīsu phalesu patiṭṭhāpetvā bhikkhusaṅghaparivuto punadeva rājagahaṃ gantvā sītavane vihāsi. Tasmiṃ samaye anāthapiṇḍiko gahapati pañcahi sakaṭasatehi bhaṇḍaṃ ādāya rājagahaṃ gantvā attano piyasahāyakassa seṭṭhino gehaṃ gantvā tattha buddhassa bhagavato uppannabhāvaṃ sutvā balavapaccūse devatānubhāvena vivaṭena dvārena satthāraṃ upasaṅkamitvā dhammaṃ sutvā sotāpattiphale patiṭṭhāya, dutiye divase buddhappamukhassa saṅghassa mahādānaṃ datvā sāvatthiṃ āgamanatthāya satthu paṭiññaṃ gahetvā antarāmagge pañcacattālīsayojanaṭṭhāne satasahassaṃ datvā yojanike yojanike vihāraṃ kāretvā jetavanaṃ koṭisanthārena aṭṭhārasahi hiraññakoṭīhi kiṇitvā navakammaṃ paṭṭhapesi. So majjhe dasabalassa gandhakuṭiṃ kāresi, taṃ parivāretvā asītiyā mahātherānaṃ pāṭiyekkaṃ ekasannivesane āvāse ekakuṭikadvikuṭikahaṃsavaṭṭakadīgharassasālāmaṇḍapādivasena sesasenāsanāni pokkharaṇicaṅkamanarattiṭṭhānadivāṭṭhānāni cāti aṭṭhārasakoṭipariccāgena ramaṇīye bhūmibhāge manoramaṃ vihāraṃ kāretvā dasabalassa āgamanatthāya dūtaṃ pāhesi. Satthā tassa vacanaṃ sutvā mahābhikkhusaṅghaparivāro rājagahā nikkhamitvā anupubbena sāvatthinagaraṃ pāpuṇi.
如是,世尊确立父职三种果报,偕僧团再至王舍城,住于清凉林。当时,富商给孤独长者携带五百车粮食至王舍城,送至其亲近助手的贵人家中。闻世尊慈悲境界显现,借神力开门迎请导师,听法得声闻果,住初果位。第二日,向佛弟子团布施巨款,为来沙瓦提城作准备,领受佛陀供养,并在中道农场五十四万余地段建造行脚处,历时十八亿黄金筹得新僧舍。中有十象力量熏香小舍,为一百三十长老分配住处,布局有亭阁、两舍、小亭、有水池、游步处等。投资十八亿银两,营可观园林宅邸,为十象力量来访设使者。佛陀闻言,带随从大僧团出发王舍城,依次前往沙瓦提城。
Mahāseṭṭhipi kho vihāramahaṃ sajjetvā tathāgatassa jetavanaṃ pavisanadivase puttaṃ sabbālaṅkārapaṭimaṇḍitaṃ katvā alaṅkatapaṭiyatteheva pañcahi kumārasatehi saddhiṃ pesesi. So saparivāro pañcavaṇṇavatthasamujjalāni pañca dhajasatāni gahetvā dasabalassa purato ahosi, tesaṃ pacchato mahāsubhaddā cūḷasubhaddāti dve seṭṭhidhītaro pañcahi kumārikāsatehi saddhiṃ puṇṇaghaṭe gahetvā nikkhamiṃsu, tāsaṃ pacchato seṭṭhibhariyā sabbālaṅkārapaṭimaṇḍitā pañcahi mātugāmasatehi saddhiṃ puṇṇapātiyo gahetvā nikkhami, sabbesaṃ pacchato mahāseṭṭhi ahatavatthanivattho ahatavatthanivattheheva pañcahi seṭṭhisatehi saddhiṃ bhagavantaṃ abbhuggañchi. Bhagavā imaṃ upāsakaparisaṃ purato katvā mahābhikkhusaṅghaparivuto attano sarīrappabhāya suvaṇṇarasasekasiñcanāni viya vanantarāni kurumāno anantāya buddhalīlāya aparimāṇāya buddhasiriyā jetavanavihāraṃ pāvisi.
大富商亦为世尊打造宏伟寺院,当天进驻揭德林,携子俱五位装饰华丽的公子,共乘五彩华服,迎至十象力量之前。他们携带五面彩衣、五面旗帜,十象力量前方行走。其后为大素婆达和小素婆达二位富商女儿,及五百名少女结伴而行,随行至珍贵盛满之库房。其后富商正妻,身饰华丽,带五百名侍女同行。大富翁亲自迎接世尊,与五百富商交趾,奉上金银珠宝装饰,如同撒金沙般,演绎无尽佛教殊胜事迹,进入揭德林枝宝寺院。
Atha naṃ anāthapiṇḍiko āpucchi – ‘‘kathāhaṃ, bhante, imasmiṃ vihāre paṭipajjāmī’’ti? ‘‘Tena hi, gahapati, imaṃ vihāraṃ āgatānāgatassa cātuddisassa bhikkhusaṅghassa patiṭṭhāpehī’’ti. ‘‘Sādhu, bhante’’ti mahāseṭṭhi suvaṇṇabhiṅgāraṃ ādāya dasabalassa hatthe udakaṃ pātetvā ‘‘imaṃ jetavanavihāraṃ āgatānāgatassa cātuddisassa buddhappamukhassa bhikkhusaṅghassa dammī’’ti adāsi. Satthā vihāraṃ paṭiggahetvā anumodanaṃ karonto –
这时,给孤独长者问:「尊者,我如何在此寺修行?」世尊答:「居士,此寺由常来常往四方僧团住持建立。」大富商呈献金饰华物,将水洒于十象之手,大声称:「此揭德林寺院归属常来常往之四方佛弟子团掌管。」佛陀接纳寺院,赞许道——
‘‘Sītaṃ uṇhaṃ paṭihanti, tato vāḷamigāni ca;
「凉爽温暖交替,野猪穿林而过,
Sarīsape ca makase, sisire cāpi vuṭṭhiyo.
榕树果实者与蜂蜜,阴凉之处的茄果亦有成熟。
‘‘Tato vātātapo ghoro, sañjāto paṭihaññati;
于是猛烈的风热起来,产生了剧烈的干燥苦恼;
Leṇatthañca sukhatthañca, jhāyituñca vipassituṃ.
为洞穴提供舒适场所,为修习禅定与观智提供方便。
‘‘Vihāradānaṃ saṅghassa, aggaṃ buddhena vaṇṇitaṃ;
为僧团建造僧舍,是世尊所赞誉的至上善行;
Tasmā hi paṇḍito poso, sampassaṃ atthamattano.
因此智者应当好好守护,关照自身利益所在。
‘‘Vihāre kāraye ramme, vāsayettha bahussute;
应在僧舍中建造,供多闻者安住娱乐居住之所;
Tesaṃ annañca pānañca, vatthasenāsanāni ca.
那些供养他们的饮食、饮水以及衣服、床坐等。
‘‘Dadeyya ujubhūtesu, vippasannena cetasā;
“应当将饮食布施于有正直身心者,心意清明之人;
Te tassa dhammaṃ desenti, sabbadukkhāpanūdanaṃ;
他们会宣说那法,灭除一切痛苦;
Yaṃ so dhammaṃ idhaññāya, parinibbāti anāsavo’’ti. (cūḷava. 295) –
谁了解此法者,断却烦恼而得涅槃。”(小部杂藏295)——
Vihārānisaṃsaṃ kathesi. Anāthapiṇḍiko dutiyadivasato paṭṭhāya vihāramahaṃ ārabhi. Visākhāya vihāramaho catūhi māsehi niṭṭhito, anāthapiṇḍikassa pana vihāramaho navahi māsehi niṭṭhāsi. Vihāramahepi aṭṭhāraseva koṭiyo pariccāgaṃ agamaṃsu. Iti ekasmiṃyeva vihāre catupaṇṇāsakoṭisaṅkhaṃ dhanaṃ pariccaji.
讲述修建僧院的缘起。阿难的第二天清晨起身后,开始建造大僧院。维萨迦的僧院大工程历时四个月完成,而阿难的僧院大工程用了九个月。这些大僧院的捐赠总价值已达十八千万。有一处僧院的捐献财富达到四十五千万。
Atīte pana vipassissa bhagavato kāle punabbasumitto nāma seṭṭhi suvaṇṇiṭṭhakāsanthārena kiṇitvā tasmiṃyeva ṭhāne yojanappamāṇaṃ saṅghārāmaṃ kāresi. Sikhissa pana bhagavato kāle sirivaḍḍho nāma seṭṭhi suvaṇṇaphālasanthārena kiṇitvā tasmiṃyeva ṭhāne tigāvutappamāṇaṃ saṅghārāmaṃ kāresi. Vessabhussa bhagavato kāle sotthiyo nāma seṭṭhi suvaṇṇahatthipadasanthārena kiṇitvā tasmiṃyeva ṭhāne aḍḍhayojanappamāṇaṃ saṅghārāmaṃ kāresi. Kakusandhassa bhagavato kāle accuto nāma seṭṭhi suvaṇṇiṭṭhakāsanthārena kiṇitvā tasmiṃyeva ṭhāne gāvutappamāṇaṃ saṅghārāmaṃ kāresi. Koṇāgamanassa bhagavato kāle uggo nāma seṭṭhi suvaṇṇakacchapasanthārena kiṇitvā tasmiṃyeva ṭhāne aḍḍhagāvutappamāṇaṃ saṅghārāmaṃ kāresi. Kassapassa bhagavato kāle sumaṅgalo nāma seṭṭhi suvaṇṇayaṭṭhisanthārena kiṇitvā tasmiṃyeva ṭhāne soḷasakarīsappamāṇaṃ saṅghārāmaṃ kāresi. Amhākaṃ pana bhagavato kāle anāthapiṇḍiko nāma seṭṭhi kahāpaṇakoṭisanthārena kiṇitvā tasmiṃyeva ṭhāne aṭṭhakarīsappamāṇaṃ saṅghārāmaṃ kāresi. Idaṃ kira ṭhānaṃ sabbabuddhānaṃ avijahitaṭṭhānameva.
在过去的佛陀时代,比婆萨米多这位富商,用金项链购买了同一处土地,开凿了约一由旬的僧园。佛陀时代的Sirivaḍḍha富商用金果实项链买地,建成三十由旬僧园。佛陀时代的Sotthiyo富商用金象足链买地,建成一又半由旬僧园。佛陀时代的Accuto富商用金项链买地,建成一由旬僧园。佛陀时代的Ugo富商用金乌龟项链买地,建成一又半由旬僧园。佛陀时代的Sumaṅgalo富商用金臂链买地,建成十六卡里萨广僧园。而我们时代的阿难富商用百万咖哈帕纳货币买地,建造了八卡里萨广僧园。这个地方被称为诸佛共证的无上圣地。
Iti mahābodhimaṇḍe sabbaññutappattito yāva mahāparinibbānamañcā yasmiṃ yasmiṃ ṭhāne bhagavā vihāsi, idaṃ santikenidānaṃ nāmāti veditabbaṃ.
于是,在大觉场所中,有智慧圆满者所成就者,直至大般涅槃之地,无论世尊住于何处,当知此即是该处之缘起名称。
Santikenidānakathā niṭṭhitā. · 近因缘故事已完。
Nidānakathā niṭṭhitā. · 因缘故事已完。
Therāpadānaṃ
长老们的事迹赞