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5. Pañcakanipāto · 5. 五集义注

700 段 · CSCD 巴利原典
5. Pañcakanipāto五集
1. Aññatarātherīgāthāvaṇṇanā一、某长老尼偈释
Pañcakanipāte paṇṇavīsati vassānītiādikā aññatarāya theriyā gāthā. Ayampi purimabuddhesu katādhikārā tattha tattha bhave vivaṭṭūpanissayaṃ kusalaṃ upacinantī imasmiṃ buddhuppāde devadahanagare mahāpajāpatigotamiyā dhātī hutvā vaḍḍhesi. Nāmagottato pana apaññātā ahosi. Sā mahāpajāpatigotamiyā pabbajitakāle sayampi pabbajitvā pañcavīsati saṃvaccharāni kāmarāgena upaddutā accharāsaṅghātamattampi kālaṃ cittekaggataṃ alabhantī bāhā paggayha kandamānā dhammadinnātheriyā santike dhammaṃ sutvā kāmehi vinivattitamānasā kammaṭṭhānaṃ gahetvā bhāvanamanuyañjantī na cirasseva chaḷabhiññā hutvā attano paṭipattiṃ paccavekkhitvā udānavasena –
在《五部集》中记载有一首关于年满二十五年及以后的某位女长老的歌。这同样是先代佛陀时代所作,反复叙述各地善法的产生、消失与依止。在此佛陀出世的天界城市,玛哈巴嘉巴娣果德弥成为了持有法法体,并且大为增长。她的姓名与族姓则不为人所知。该玛哈巴嘉巴娣果德弥比库尼在出家的时候,我也随其而出家,二十五年间虽受欲爱所扰,但离群独处,净心时刻只得片刻安宁。她带着双臂护抱,啼哭不止,念佛尼导师之教诲,听闻法音,心意远离欲乐,专心修持业处,渐渐达到不久即成对六通的果德,并由此观照自身的修行,且以其激励诵出如下偈语——
§67
67.
‘‘Paṇṇavīsati vassāni, yato pabbajitā ahaṃ;
『二十五个寒暑,乃是我出家时光;
Nāccharāsaṅghātamattampi, cittassūpasamajjhagaṃ.
虽无二群相扰,我心终得安详。
§68
68.
‘‘Aladdhā cetaso santiṃ, kāmarāgenavassutā;
承获内心安稳,尽断爱欲之霾;
Bāhā paggayha kandantī, vihāraṃ pāvisiṃ ahaṃ.
抱双臂啼哭声中,进入僧舍安住。
§69
69.
‘‘Sā bhikkhuniṃ upāgacchiṃ, yā me saddhāyikā ahu;
我往迎接一比库尼,其乃我信者也;
Sā me dhammamadesesi, khandhāyatanadhātuyo.
『在此教法中』,他为我宣说了五蕴、六入、十八界。
§70
70.
‘‘Tassā dhammaṃ suṇitvāna, ekamante upāvisiṃ;
听闻此法后,我独自安坐一处;
Pubbenivāsaṃ jānāmi, dibbacakkhu visodhitaṃ.
我了知自己前世,天眼亦得清净。
§71
71.
‘‘Cetopariccañāṇañca , sotadhātu visodhitā;
心境知见也明了,听根通达清净;
Iddhīpi me sacchikatā, patto me āsavakkhayo;
神通亦已证得,烦恼断除得成就;
Chaḷabhiññā sacchikatā, kataṃ buddhassa sāsana’’nti. –
六通皆已证实,成就佛陀教法所说。」——
Imā gāthā abhāsi.
此偈已说。
Tattha nāccharāsaṅghātamattampīti accharāghaṭitamattampi khaṇaṃ aṅguliphoṭanamattampi kālanti attho. Cittassūpasamajjhaganti cittassa upasamaṃ cittekaggaṃ na ajjhaganti yojanā, na paṭilabhinti attho.
其中‘非仅止于音节之断裂’的含义,是指音节之间的打断仅为瞬间、细微之断,犹如手指的弹动一般。所谓心之安住,乃心的宁静、心的统一,非心之分离,也非心之分裂。此处意指不是心的纽带被切断,也不是心所能达到的意义。
Kāmarāgenavassutāti kāmaguṇasaṅkhātesu vatthukāmesu daḷhatarābhinivesitāya bahalena chandarāgena tintacittā.
所谓欲爱之流,是指那些对欲界之质具浓厚迷恋、执着者,对于欲界种种对象抱有强烈的贪爱与执念,如同渴心水生,心意被欲望扰乱不宁。
Bhikkhuninti dhammadinnattheriṃ sandhāya vadati.
“比库尼”一词,是针对具德老比库尼所说。
Cetopariccañāṇañcāti cetopariyañāṇañca visodhitanti sambandho, adhigatanti attho. Sesaṃ vuttanayameva.
所谓心的出入相与智,乃指心的全面觉知与净化,意即心得以相应缘起、断除烦恼,获得了真正的领悟与智慧,此即“相应”与“所获”的义理。余下诸义,皆本结论而言。
Aññatarātherīgāthāvaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā. · 某长老尼偈释已毕。
2. Vimalātherīgāthāvaṇṇanā二、维玛拉长老尼偈释
Mattā vaṇṇena rūpenātiādikā vimalāya theriyā gāthā. Ayampi purimabuddhesu katādhikārā tattha tattha bhave vivaṭṭūpanissayaṃ kusalaṃ upacinitvā imasmiṃ buddhuppāde vesāliyaṃ aññatarāya rūpūpajīviniyā itthiyā dhītā hutvā nibbatti. Vimalātissā nāmaṃ ahosi. Sā vayappattā tatheva jīvikaṃ kappentī ekadivasaṃ āyasmantaṃ mahāmoggallānaṃ vesāliyaṃ piṇḍāya carantaṃ disvā paṭibaddhacittā hutvā therassa vasanaṭṭhānaṃ gantvā theraṃ uddissa palobhanakammaṃ kātuṃ ārabhi. ‘‘Titthiyehi uyyojitā tathā akāsī’’ti keci vadanti. Thero tassā asubhavibhāvanamukhena santajjanaṃ katvā ovādamadāsi. Taṃ heṭṭhā theragāthāya āgatameva, tathā pana therena ovāde dinne sā saṃvegajātā hirottappaṃ paccupaṭṭhapetvā sāsane paṭiladdhasaddhā upāsikā hutvā aparabhāge bhikkhunīsu pabbajitvā ghaṭentī vāyamantī hetusampannatāya na cirasseva arahattaṃ patvā attano paṭipattiṃ paccavekkhitvā udānavasena –
此是一首描述清净相貌与形体的长老女比库尼偈。此类偈文,昔时诸佛先祖皆有德行,时有依教法修习清净出世间,有胜妙缘起,生于世间。如同佛陀出世时,韦舍离城曾有一位女子,名为清净尊者执撒,是某贵族女子之女,为获生转轮圣王家族转世而生。她年老时,依然自制调心,一日见大长老摩嘎剌那近众乞食行脚,怀有坚实之意志,欲图作恶引诱长老。有人谓:“耶稣者多受高仰,且如虚空般自在。”此长老以其心灵的不净念为缘,向剃度人提出劝诫。此偈便是随之而出。受劝后,彼女子心生忏悔,消除傲慢,证得了教法中所应得的信心,乃至后来在比库尼众中出家修行,务求精进不懈。终不久便证得阿拉汉果,审视自身的修行,乃至于用偈语发愿——
§72
72.
‘‘Mattā vaṇṇena rūpena, sobhaggena yasena ca;
身披华美的色彩与形态,具有荣耀与威仪;
Yobbanena cupatthaddhā, aññāsamatimaññihaṃ.
以青春的美丽为装饰,自认为超越众人。
§73
73.
‘‘Vibhūsetvā imaṃ kāyaṃ, sucittaṃ bālalāpanaṃ;
打扮修饰这具身体,纯净无知地说着幼稚的话语;
Aṭṭhāsiṃ vesidvāramhi, luddo pāsamivoḍḍiya.
站立在大门口,如同孩子撕裂丝网般地挣扎。
§74
74.
‘‘Piḷandhanaṃ vidaṃsentī, guyhaṃ pakāsikaṃ bahuṃ;
揭示内心隐秘之事,广泛展示深藏的秘密;
Akāsiṃ vividhaṃ māyaṃ, ujjhagghantī bahuṃ janaṃ.
行施各种幻术,扰乱众生,令众人惊惶失措。
§75
75.
‘‘Sājja piṇḍaṃ caritvāna, muṇḍā saṅghāṭipārutā;
「当行为已毕供养饭食,剃成光头,披上桑迦底袈裟;
Nisinnā rukkhamūlamhi, avitakkassa lābhinī.
端坐于树根之下,不起妄念而安住。」
§76
76.
‘‘Sabbe yogā samucchinnā, ye dibbā ye ca mānusā;
「诸种禅定悉皆断尽,无论天人或凡夫;
Khepetvā āsave sabbe, sītibhūtāmhi nibbutā’’ti. –
一切烦恼皆已净除,凉爽安乐已然寂灭。」
Imā gāthā abhāsi.
此是偈语所宣说。
Tattha mattā vaṇṇena rūpenāti guṇavaṇṇena ceva rūpasampattiyā ca. Sobhaggenāti subhagabhāvena. Yasenāti parivārasampattiyā. Mattā vaṇṇamadarūpamadasobhaggamadaparivāramadavasena madaṃ āpannāti attho. Yobbanena cupatthaddhāti yobbanamadena uparūpari thaddhā yobbananimittena ahaṅkārena upatthaddhacittā anupasantamānasā. Aññāsamatimaññihanti aññā itthiyo attano vaṇṇādiguṇehi sabbathāpi atikkamitvā maññiṃ ahaṃ. Aññāsaṃ vā itthīnaṃ vaṇṇādiguṇe atimaññiṃ atikkamitvā amaññiṃ avamānaṃ akāsiṃ.
其中所说的『色相洁净』,指明净美好之色相与色相之功德。『庄严』者,谓美妙可喜之庄严。『有光辉』意指具备所依庄严之环绕光辉。『洁净光辉』之意乃为由此三者庄严所生之光明。『青年时期生起畏惧』,谓以青春相才刚健为由,由此青年相所生之尊敬心生起烦恼忧愁之意不安心念。『有些女子轻视自己』,谓别的女子因自身的色相及诸功德,普遍超越他女而自负。又或谓别的女子以其色相及诸功德超越他女而不肯承认轻视他女之意。
Vibhūsitvāimaṃ kāyaṃ, sucittaṃ bālalāpananti imaṃ nānāvidhaasucibharitaṃ jegucchaṃ ahaṃ mamāti bālānaṃ lāpanato vācanato bālalāpanaṃ mama kāyaṃ chavirāgakaraṇakesaṭṭhapanādinā sucittaṃ vatthābharaṇehi vibhūsitvā sumaṇḍitapasāditaṃ katvā. Aṭṭhāsiṃ vesidvāramhi, luddo pāsamivoḍḍiyāti migaluddo viya migānaṃ bandhanatthāya daṇḍavākurādimigapāsaṃ, mārassa pāsabhūtaṃ yathāvuttaṃ mama kāyaṃ vesidvāramhi vesiyā gharadvāre oḍḍiyitvā aṭṭhāsiṃ.
我以美饰这具身躯,思维正确,孩童之语说此多种纯洁言辞的言词,大人啊,他们谓此言如幼稚闲谈;我之形体因舍弃爱欲、捋理头发等诸事而清净,身着纯净衣饰,光洁美好。我曾立在村落之门口,绪乱如猛兽束缚之缰绳,那犹如猎人设置之弓箭陷阱,是魔设之缚具。遂于村门、屋门之下藏身立定。
Piḷandhanaṃ vidaṃsentī, guyhaṃ pakāsikaṃ bahunti ūrujaghanathanadassanādikaṃ guyhañceva pādajāṇusirādikaṃ pakāsañcāti guyhaṃ pakāsikañca bahuṃ nānappakāraṃ piḷandhanaṃ ābharaṇaṃ dassentī. Akāsiṃ vividhaṃ māyaṃ, ujjhagghantī bahuṃjananti yobbanamadamattaṃ bahuṃ bālajanaṃ vippalambhetuṃ hasantī gandhamālāvatthābharaṇādīhi sarīrasabhāvapaṭicchādanena hasavilāsabhāvādīhi tehi ca vividhaṃ nānappakāraṃ vañcanaṃ akāsiṃ.
饰品显露而斑斓,闪耀而雅致,有许多来自大腿粗壮皮肤的纹理,亦有足膝骨节的各类纹饰,装饰丰富多样。制造各种巧妙幻术,以千般妍丽诱惑少年之心,使许多童稚为之失色,举止和衣饰香气,掩盖身体本性,以欢笑戏谑之态施展种种百般迷惑之技。
Sājja piṇḍaṃ caritvāna…pe… avitakkassa lābhinīti sā ahaṃ evaṃ pamādavihārinī samānā ajja idāni ayyassa mahāmoggallānattherassa ovāde ṭhatvā sāsane pabbajitvā muṇḍā saṅghāṭipārutā hutvā piṇḍaṃ caritvāna bhikkhāhāraṃ bhuñjitvā nisinnā rukkhamūlamhi rukkhamūle vivittāsane nisinnā dutiyajjhānapādakassa aggaphalassa adhigamena avitakkassa lābhinī amhīti yojanā.
完成托钵行乞之后……受无染之果,我乃如是懈怠生活者。如今,我依照长老大摩诃迦摩菩萨之教诲,弃染受戒,剃发披袈裟。行托钵乞食,食毕之后,独坐树下,隐匿于树根之中,默坐安详。凭借第二禅底定所获第一果,成就无染之境,优游无念,谓自此而计。
Sabbe yogāti kāmayogādayo cattāropi yogā. Samucchinnāti paṭhamamaggādinā yathārahaṃ sammadeva ucchinnā pahīnā. Sesaṃ vuttanayameva.
诸所有禅法如欲法等,计为四种禅。断除者:第一禅等,由根本所应知,说是断除、放弃。余者,遵循上述教言而说。
Vimalātherīgāthāvaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā. · 维玛拉长老尼偈释已毕。
3. Sīhātherīgāthāvaṇṇanā三、西哈长老尼偈释
Ayoniso manasikārātiādikā sīhāya theriyā gāthā . Ayampi purimabuddhesu katādhikārā tattha tattha bhave vivaṭṭūpanissayaṃ kusalaṃ upacinitvā imasmiṃ buddhuppāde vesāliyaṃ sīhasenāpatino bhaginiyā dhītā hutvā nibbatti. Tassā ‘‘mātulassa nāmaṃ karomā’’ti sīhāti nāmaṃ akaṃsu. Sā viññutaṃ patvā ekadivasaṃ satthārā sīhassa senāpatino dhamme desiyamāne taṃ dhammaṃ sutvā paṭiladdhasaddhā mātāpitaro anujānāpetvā pabbaji. Pabbajitvā ca vipassanaṃ ārabhitvāpi bahiddhā puthuttārammaṇe vidhāvantaṃ cittaṃ nivattetuṃ asakkontī satta saṃvaccharāni micchāvitakkehi bādhīyamānā cittassādaṃ alabhantī ‘‘kiṃ me iminā pāpajīvitena , ubbandhitvā marissāmī’’ti pāsaṃ gahetvā rukkhasākhāyaṃ laggitvā taṃ attano kaṇṭhe paṭimuñcantī pubbāciṇṇavasena vipassanāya cittaṃ abhinīhari, antimabhavikatāya pāsassa bandhanaṃ gīvaṭṭhāne ahosi, ñāṇassa paripākaṃ gatattā sā tāvadeva vipassanaṃ vaḍḍhetvā saha paṭisambhidāhi arahattaṃ pāpuṇi. Arahattaṃ pattasamakālameva ca pāsabandho gīvato muccitvā vinivatti. Sā arahatte patiṭṭhitā udānavasena –
无理念处,狮子比库尼颂歌称讚。过去诸佛所作的功德,在此生中俗事颠覆、善法消失时,她以善法修行,生在佛兴之时的 Vesāli 王国,成为狮子军统领之妹。被称为「狮子」,由她亲友给予名号。她觉悟后得闻师长狮子军统领所说法,信心坚定,并经父母同意而出家。出家后修习内观,即使陷入外境的诱惑与干扰,内心无法回转,七年困于邪念无法获得喜悦感,悲叹于沉沦恶生,把束缚自己的绳索缠绕树枝,割断绑绳放开颈项,转向先前皈依的内观法门。终至生命尽头时绑绳束缚仍在喉头,因智慧成熟,遂恢复内观禅定,与解脱智慧增长,一并证得阿拉汉果。果位得证同一时刻,绳索束缚被颈上解脱,身心得以自由。她已建立于阿拉汉果,曾以歌赞述说–
§77
77.
‘‘Ayoniso manasikārā, kāmarāgena aṭṭitā;
『无理念处,由欲爱所牵引,奋锐精进者……』
Ahosiṃ uddhatā pubbe, citte avasavattinī.
心意先前已生起而后伏下,心意转动向内。
§78
78.
‘‘Pariyuṭṭhitā klesehi, subhasaññānuvattinī;
在烦恼之外,追随善观念;
Samaṃ cittassa na labhiṃ, rāgacittavasānugā.
不与染污色心相合而得,随顺贪爱心习。
§79
79.
‘‘Kisā paṇḍu vivaṇṇā ca, satta vassāni cārihaṃ;
面色苍白且无光泽,整整七年;
Nāhaṃ divā vā rattiṃ vā, sukhaṃ vindiṃ sudukkhitā.
我无论白昼或黑夜,未曾得到安乐,反常受苦。
§80
80.
‘‘Tato rajjuṃ gahetvāna, pāvisiṃ vanamantaraṃ;
于是执绳,进入林中。
Varaṃ me idha ubbandhaṃ, yañca hīnaṃ punācare.
愿我在此获解脱,无复受下劣之缚。
§81
81.
‘‘Daḷhapāsaṃ karitvāna, rukkhasākhāya bandhiya;
『紧系牢固的绳索,将树枝绑缚;
Pakkhipiṃ pāsaṃ gīvāyaṃ, atha cittaṃ vimucci me’’ti. –
将绳索系于衣襟上,然后心业得以解脱』——
Imā gāthā abhāsi.
此为偈语所说。
Tattha ayoniso manasikārāti anupāyamanasikārena, asubhe subhanti vipallāsaggāhena. Kāmarāgena aṭṭitāti kāmaguṇesu chandarāgena pīḷitā. Ahosiṃ uddhatā pubbe, citte avasavattinīti pubbe mama citte mayhaṃ vase avattamāne uddhatā nānārammaṇe vikkhittacittā asamāhitā ahosiṃ.
此中“无智之念”者,即无适当策略的用心,因染着不善法而反作善法,习于颠倒迷乱。受爱欲之苦,意谓因染着爱的心欲,于诸爱欲法中受苦。过去曾狂骄自大,心意不安定,即以往我心在我处时,狂躁于各异的相,心不专注,故显愚昧。
Pariyuṭṭhitā klesehi, subhasaññānuvattinīti pariyuṭṭhānapattehi kāmarāgādikilesehi abhibhūtā rūpādīsu subhanti pavattāya kāmasaññāya anuvattanasīlā. Samaṃ cittassa na labhiṃ, rāgacittavasānugāti kāmarāgasampayuttacittassa vasaṃ anugacchantī īsakampi cittassa samaṃ cetosamathaṃ cittekaggataṃ na labhiṃ.
因烦恼纠缠,随顺不净心识,是谓随烦恼诸染垢而覆盖,因爱欲等烦恼侵袭,在诸色相等美妙上仍行美好的习性。心无法得安定,爱欲意念之心因染着爱欲恒起心念,故心难得平等安定,猿猴之心不安亦无心意专一。
Kisā paṇḍu vivaṇṇā cāti evaṃ ukkaṇṭhitabhāvena kisā dhamanisanthatagattā uppaṇḍuppaṇḍukajātā tato eva vivaṇṇā vigatachavivaṇṇā ca hutvā. Satta vassānīti satta saṃvaccharāni. Cārihanti cariṃ ahaṃ. Nāhaṃ divā vārattiṃ vā, sukhaṃ vindiṃ sudukkhitāti evamahaṃ sattasu saṃvaccharesu kilesadukkhena dukkhitā ekadāpi divā vā rattiṃ vā samaṇasukhaṃ na paṭilabhiṃ.
『有些人面色暗淡、苍白无华』者,是因内心怀有焦虑之意;『有些人身形消瘦、神情憔悴』者,则因常处于恐惧不安的状态,因妄念起伏而生病。『七年』者,指七个轮回年。『我经历这轮回』者,指我亲自经历过。『我既非白天也非黑夜,未曾获得安乐,而是受苦受难』者,意味着我在这七个轮回年中,因烦恼之苦而受苦,未曾获得出家众的安乐,无论白昼黑夜都感苦恼。
Tatoti kilesapariyuṭṭhānena samaṇasukhālābhabhāvato. Rajjuṃ gahetvāna pāvisiṃ, vanamantaranti pāsarajjuṃ ādāya vanantaraṃ pāvisiṃ. Kimatthaṃ pāvisīti ce āha – ‘‘varaṃ me idha ubbandhaṃ, yañca hīnaṃ punācare’’ti yadahaṃ samaṇadhammaṃ kātuṃ asakkontī hīnaṃ gihibhāvaṃ puna ācare ācareyyaṃ anutiṭṭheyyaṃ, tato sataguṇena sahassaguṇena imasmiṃ vanantare ubbandhaṃ bandhitvā maraṇaṃ me varaṃ seṭṭhanti attho. Atha cittaṃ vimucci meti yadā rukkhasākhāya bandhapāsaṃ gīvāyaṃ pakkhipi, atha tadanantarameva vuṭṭhānagāminivipassanāmaggena ghaṭitattā maggapaṭipāṭiyā sabbāsavehi mama cittaṃ vimucci vimuttaṃ ahosīti.
于是因烦恼的放逸,导致未得出家众之安乐。带起绳索而入林深处,携绳索进入森林之间。『入林何故?』我曾言:『我愿于此捆绑束缚,不使贪欲再重犯』,因我不能行出家之道,故不复造作世俗生活,我应不退失之心行止。以极大功德,千倍功德,于这森林中束缚绳索,认为死亡为最善之事。随后当心解脱,若有时将绳索挂于树枝,待以内观之正道,依止八正道修行,断除一切烦恼,我心则得解脱、自由无碍。
Sīhātherīgāthāvaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā. · 西哈长老尼偈注释终了。
4. Sundarīnandātherīgāthāvaṇṇanā四、孙达莉难达长老尼偈注释
Āturaṃ asucintiādikā sundarīnandāya theriyā gāthā. Ayampi kira padumuttarassa bhagavato kāle haṃsavatīnagare kulagehe nibbattitvā viññutaṃ patvā, satthu santike dhammaṃ suṇantī satthāraṃ ekaṃ bhikkhuniṃ jhāyinīnaṃ aggaṭṭhāne ṭhapentaṃ disvā adhikārakammaṃ katvā taṃ ṭhānantaraṃ patthetvā kusalaṃ upacinantī kappasatasahassaṃ devamanussesu saṃsarantī imasmiṃ buddhuppāde sakyarājakule nibbatti. Nandātissā nāmaṃ akaṃsu. Aparabhāge rūpasampattiyā sundarīnandā, janapadakalyāṇīti ca paññāyittha. Sā amhākaṃ bhagavati sabbaññutaṃ patvā anupubbena kapilavatthuṃ gantvā nandakumārañca rāhulakumārañca pabbājetvā gate suddhodanamahārāje ca parinibbute mahāpajāpatigotamiyā rāhulamātāya ca pabbajitāya cintesi – ‘‘mayhaṃ jeṭṭhabhātā cakkavattirajjaṃ pahāya pabbajitvā loke aggapuggalo buddho jāto, puttopissa rāhulakumāro pabbaji, bhattāpi me nandarājā, mātāpi mahāpajāpatigotamī, bhaginīpi rāhulamātā pabbajitā, idānāhaṃ gehe kiṃ karissāmi, pabbajissāmī’’ti bhikkhunupassayaṃ gantvā ñātisinehena pabbaji, no saddhāya. Tasmā pabbajitvāpi rūpaṃ nissāya uppannamadā. ‘‘Satthā rūpaṃ vivaṇṇeti garahati, anekapariyāyena rūpe ādīnavaṃ dassetī’’ti buddhupaṭṭhānaṃ na gacchatītiādi sabbaṃ heṭṭhā abhirūpanandāya vatthusmiṃ vuttanayeneva veditabbaṃ. Ayaṃ pana viseso – satthārā nimmitaṃ itthirūpaṃ anukkamena jarābhibhūtaṃ disvā aniccato dukkhato anattato manasikarontiyā theriyā kammaṭṭhānābhimukhaṃ cittaṃ ahosi. Taṃ disvā satthā tassā sappāyavasena dhammaṃ desento –
此乃病苦忧虑等故,长老女居士美乐诵歌。此美乐乃据莲花长老佛陀时期述说,于鸿萨瓦提城一贵族之家诞生,达开悟渐悟,听法于佛前,作法者中唯一入禅者,常立于教坛。经过众多有德天人及人类,无数劫轮回,诞生于释迦族中。名为难达提莎。后因色身福报而得美名,意指美好的天下。她曾拜见佛陀,多所闻法,先前到咖毕拉城,带尼难达及尼拉胡拉出家,后往净王城,思念已出家的大摩诃波阇波提果德弥长老女,与她同为出家人,思忖:『我哥哥、世间之转轮圣王弃位出家,成为世上第一大觉者,儿子也出家,弟弟皆为难王,母亲为大摩诃波阇波提果德弥,妹妹也出家,现今我留家何为,我亦应当出家』。然以家人感情迷惑,于出家后因色身而生瞋恚。『世尊谓色身体多烦恼缺陷』,频频示现色身折损之苦。此乃特别之处——见佛陀示现女身因岁老衰变而苦无常无我,因而生起正念,死心出家,专注修行。佛陀见此,慈悲以教法开导之曰:
§82
82.
‘‘Āturaṃ asuciṃ pūtiṃ, passa nande samussayaṃ;
『病苦污秽,难达勿疑;
Asubhāya cittaṃ bhāvehi, ekaggaṃ susamāhitaṃ.
勿造不净心,专一杰定心。
§83
83.
‘‘Yathā idaṃ tathā etaṃ, yathā etaṃ tathā idaṃ;
『如是此亦彼,如彼此亦是;」
Duggandhaṃ pūtikaṃ vāti, bālānaṃ abhinanditaṃ.
臭秽腐败之气飘散,是愚人所欢喜的。
§84
84.
‘‘Evametaṃ avekkhantī, rattindivamatanditā;
『如是审察此法,日夜如临死地,
Tato sakāya paññāya, abhinibbijjha dakkhisa’’nti. –
由此自身智慧生起,勇猛精进精通观察。』——
Imā tisso gāthā abhāsi.
此三偈已然宣说。
Sā desanānusārena ñāṇaṃ pesetvā sotāpattiphale patiṭṭhahi. Tassā uparimaggatthāya kammaṭṭhānaṃ ācikkhanto ‘‘nande, imasmiṃ sarīre appamattakopi sāro natthi, maṃsalohitalepano jarādīnaṃ vāsabhūto, aṭṭhipuñjamatto evāya’’nti dassetuṃ –
按照此说,果报依智显现,于初果成就安住。为示上行修行,教示修道处曰:『难陀,于此身内,纵极注意,亦无实质,肉色枯败,受老病所染,唯骨为聚。』
‘‘Aṭṭhinaṃ nagaraṃ kataṃ, maṃsalohitalepanaṃ;
『骨如城池筑,肉色呈赤铜。』
Yattha jarā ca maccu ca, māno makkho ca ohito’’ti. (dha. pa. 150) –
此处谓“老死已降临,志气光辉已失。”(《律藏·巴利语句集》第150句)
Dhammapade imaṃ gāthamāha.
此法句为经中所诵之偈。
Sā desanāvasāne arahattaṃ pāpuṇi. Tena vuttaṃ apadāne (apa. therī 2.3.166-219) –
教法宣说终时,阿拉汉果证毕竟。故经记载,如《上座长老歌》卷二第三章第166至219节所述,
‘‘Padumuttaro nāma jino, sabbadhammāna pāragū;
“名为波头目多罗者,是诸法皆超越之尊。”
Ito satasahassamhi, kappe uppajji nāyako.
“于此百千劫中,生起为导师。”
‘‘Ovādako viññāpako, tārako sabbapāṇinaṃ;
“劝导者、宣说者,为众生之救护者。”
Desanākusalo buddho, tāresi janataṃ bahuṃ.
说法善巧的世尊,度脱了众多大众。
‘‘Anukampako kāruṇiko, hitesī sabbapāṇinaṃ;
悲愍世人、慈悲广大、利益一切众生者,
Sampatte titthiye sabbe, pañcasīle patiṭṭhapi.
一切修行者俱在,奉持五戒不失;
‘‘Evaṃ nirākulaṃ āsi, suññataṃ titthiyehi ca;
如此清净无碍,离欲空寂,众修行者俱具;
Vicittaṃ arahantehi, vasībhūtehi tādibhi.
诸阿拉汉分别,已成己身,皆有威德,
‘‘Ratanānaṭṭhapaññāsaṃ, uggatova mahāmuni;
翡翠五十四颗,如彼大圣崛起。
Kañcanagghiyasaṅkāso, bāttiṃsavaralakkhaṇo.
身相如金刚坚固,具足三十二相之特征。
‘‘Vassasatasahassāni, āyu vijjati tāvade;
「其寿命长达百万年,自有生命存在。
Tāvatā tiṭṭhamāno so, tāresi janataṃ bahuṃ.
他虽独自长存,仍能救渡众多百姓。
‘‘Tadāhaṃ haṃsavatiyaṃ, jātā seṭṭhikule ahuṃ;
那时我生为鸿鸟氏族之子,出身富商之家;
Nānāratanapajjote, mahāsukhasamappitā.
身披众宝饰,满具极大欢喜之相。
‘‘Upetvā taṃ mahāvīraṃ, assosiṃ dhammadesanaṃ;
遇见那伟大勇士,聆听其正法教诲;
Amataṃ paramassādaṃ, paramatthanivedakaṃ.
此为无上不死之乐,乃至究竟义趣之表达。
‘‘Tadā nimantayitvāna, sasaṅghaṃ lokanāyakaṃ;
当时请来大众,即那领世间众生之导者;
Datvā tassa mahādānaṃ, pasannā sehi pāṇibhi.
将其大布施施予,彼等施与者心欢喜安详。
‘‘Jhāyinīnaṃ bhikkhunīnaṃ, aggaṭṭhānamapatthayiṃ;
对深禅之比库尼众中,示现头陀苦行之标志;
Nipacca sirasā dhīraṃ, sasaṅghaṃ lokanāyakaṃ.
恭伏于智者之首,乃那领世间众生之导者。
‘‘Tadā adantadamako, tilokasaraṇo pabhū;
当时驯除猛兽者,众生皈依之所也;
Byākāsi narasārathi, lacchase taṃ supatthitaṃ.
车夫明白地说,将其很好地达到了目标。
‘‘Satasahassito kappe, okkākakulasambhavo;
『在十万劫之后,将有一族出世,』
Gotamo nāma gottena, satthā loke bhavissati.
『果德玛者,以果姓之名,将成为世间的导师。』
‘‘Tassa dhammesu dāyādā, orasā dhammanimmitā;
『他的教法中,将有护持者,并且法门将成为众生的引导。』
Nandāti nāma nāmena, hessati satthu sāvikā.
『名为南达者,将成为导师的侍者。』
‘‘Taṃ sutvā muditā hutvā, yāvajīvaṃ tadā jinaṃ;
『众人闻此,心生欢喜,并终其一生皆如此欢喜于那胜利者。』
Mettacittā paricariṃ, paccayehi vināyakaṃ.
持有慈心意念而修习,依因缘而承受引导。
‘‘Tena kammena sukatena, cetanāpaṇidhīhi ca;
由此善业善行,及以意念誓愿成就;
Jahitvā mānusaṃ dehaṃ, tāvatiṃsamagacchahaṃ.
舍弃人身之体,赴往三十界之天。
‘‘Tato cutā yāmamagaṃ, tatohaṃ tusitaṃ gatā;
尔后逝入夜叉界,尔时我至忉利天;
Tato ca nimmānaratiṃ, vasavattipuraṃ tato.
继而入受化自在乐,于萨婆提城中住;
‘‘Yattha yatthūpapajjāmi, tassa kammassa vāhasā;
我所投生之处,即是此业之载体。
Tattha tattheva rājūnaṃ, mahesittamakārayiṃ.
在彼处,即令诸王大王之中,皆受王业。
‘‘Tato cutā manussatte, rājānaṃ cakkavattinaṃ;
由是以来于人间,王者为轮王主宰;
Maṇḍalīnañca rājūnaṃ, mahesittamakārayiṃ.
诸王诸邦主皆受,皆受王业。
‘‘Sampattiṃ anubhotvāna, devesu manujesu ca;
享受所有财富福报,于天人及人界;
Sabbattha sukhitā hutvā, nekakappesu saṃsariṃ.
处处皆得安乐住,流转于无数劫。
‘‘Pacchime bhave sampatte, suramme kapilavhaye;
后世得福至高处,居于乌摩罗迦波提地。
Rañño suddhodanassāhaṃ, dhītā āsiṃ aninditā.
我曾为王苏陀多之女,生得无可指摘。
‘‘Siriyā rūpiniṃ disvā, nanditaṃ āsi taṃ kulaṃ;
见到荣华美丽的她,家族因之欢欣鼓舞;
Tena nandāti me nāmaṃ, sundaraṃ pavaraṃ ahu.
因此我名为楠陀,意为美好卓越。
‘‘Yuvatīnañca sabbāsaṃ, kalyāṇīti ca vissutā;
所有年轻女子皆被誉为贤良;
Tasmimpi nagare ramme, ṭhapetvā taṃ yasodharaṃ.
就在这怡然之城,我安置了那位名为耶输陀罗者。
‘‘Jeṭṭho bhātā tilokaggo, pacchimo arahā tathā;
长兄为毗漏迦,次兄亦为阿拉汉。
Ekākinī gahaṭṭhāhaṃ, mātarā paricoditā.
独自一人在家中,我受母亲的激励。
‘‘Sākiyamhi kule jātā, putte buddhānujā tuvaṃ;
你生于释迦族中,乃佛陀的弟子。
Nandenapi vinā bhūtā, agāre kinnu acchasi.
即便没有难陀,你在家中何以安立?
‘‘Jarāvasānaṃ yobbaññaṃ, rūpaṃ asucisammataṃ;
年老体衰,青春消逝,容貌被视为不净。
Rogantamapicārogyaṃ, jīvitaṃ maraṇantikaṃ.
疾病缠身,健康难保,生命必然趋向死亡。
‘‘Idampi te subhaṃ rūpaṃ, sasīkantaṃ manoharaṃ;
这也是你美丽的容貌,清凉镇静,令人欢喜。
Bhūsanānaṃ alaṅkāraṃ, sirisaṅghāṭasaṃnibhaṃ.
他们身着饰物装饰,头戴袈裟领具,如同穿着头巾般庄严。
‘‘Puñjitaṃ lokasāraṃva, nayanānaṃ rasāyanaṃ;
如同集聚了世间精华的宝珠,是眼睛的甘露妙药;
Puññānaṃ kittijananaṃ, ukkākakulanandanaṃ.
是功德的光辉之源,是护持修行者的安乐所在。
‘‘Na cireneva kālena, jarā samadhisessati;
时间不会长久留存,老病迟早必至,
Vihāya gehaṃ kāruññe, cara dhammamanindite.
抛弃家业怜悯众生,行于受法讥诮之道。
‘‘Sutvāhaṃ mātu vacanaṃ, pabbajiṃ anagāriyaṃ;
闻母亲言语之后,舍离家乡出家为行者;
Dehena natu cittena, rūpayobbanalāḷitā.
非以心识,非以色相的芬芳展开。
‘‘Mahatā ca payattena, jhānajjhena paraṃ mama;
由强大的努力,藉禅那而超越我者;
Kātuñca vadate mātā, na cāhaṃ tattha ussukā.
母亲说:‘不要在那里起贪念。’我对此不生烦恼。
‘‘Tato mahākāruṇiko, disvā maṃ kāmalālasaṃ;
于是那大悲者,见我贪欲之心;
Nibbandanatthaṃ rūpasmiṃ, mama cakkhupathe jino.
色身为缚的目的,在我眼路上取胜。
‘‘Sakena ānubhāvena, itthiṃ māpesi sobhiniṃ;
借由他的力量影响,令妇女赏识美丽;
Dassanīyaṃ suruciraṃ, mamatopi surūpiniṃ.
可见者久远而华美,亦是我之美貌者。
‘‘Tamahaṃ vimhitā disvā, ativimhitadehiniṃ;
我见此人时惊异,因其肉体尤为惊异;
Cintayiṃ saphalaṃ meti, nettalābhañca mānusaṃ.
思量其果效具足,且无所获人世间。
‘‘Tamahaṃ ehi subhage, yenattho taṃ vadehi me;
我言:来吧,吉祥者,告我此事之理;
Kulaṃ te nāmagottañca, vada me yadi te piyaṃ.
你家族姓氏及名讳,若你愿意,告我;
‘‘Na vañcakālo subhage, ucchaṅge maṃ nivāsaya;
不必急迫,吉祥者,请安坐于高处勿令我失色。
Sīdantīva mamaṅgāni, pasuppayamuhuttakaṃ.
如我手臂渐渐下垂,仿佛被铁钉生生钉住一般。
‘‘Tato sīsaṃ mamaṅge sā, katvā sayi sulocanā;
随后这头顱便仿佛被手臂遮盖,犹如明亮的眼睛安静躺卧;
Tassā nalāṭe patitā, luddhā paramadāruṇā.
眼眉下垂,面色变得极为惨淡凄厉。
‘‘Saha tassā nipātena, piḷakā upapajjatha;
同时因落下撞击,面上产生了淤青;
Pagghariṃsu pabhinnā ca, kuṇapā pubbalohitā.
瘀斑杂乱不堪,有如枝叶纷纷染上鲜红色。
‘‘Pabhinnaṃ vadanañcāpi, kuṇapaṃ pūtigandhanaṃ;
面部淤青遍布,并带有恶臭腐败的气息。
Uddhumātaṃ vinilañca, pubbañcāpi sarīrakaṃ.
躁动不安而又憔悴,过去身躯亦是如此。
‘‘Sā paveditasabbaṅgī, nissasantī muhuṃ muhuṃ;
『此身俱已被摧毁,时常无所依止;
Vedayantī sakaṃ dukkhaṃ, karuṇaṃ paridevayi.
常受苦痛感受,忧伤而极为悲怆。
‘‘Dukkhena dukkhitā homi, phusayanti ca vedanā;
因苦而苦恼,诸感受不断涌现;
Mahādukkhe nimuggamhi, saraṇaṃ hohi me sakhī.
我沉沦于大苦之中,愿汝为我皈依,吾友。','169':'鼻梁高挺何在?鼻孔何处?'}
‘‘Kuhiṃ vadanasotaṃ te, kuhiṃ te tuṅganāsikā;
『汝之言谈之流在何处,汝之高鼻在何处?』
Tambabimbavaroṭṭhante, vadanaṃ te kuhiṃ gataṃ.
汞珠饱满之处,汝口面向何方?
‘‘Kuhiṃ sasīnibhaṃ vaṇṇaṃ, kambugīvā kuhiṃ gatā;
何处如月光般清净之色,何处居于小鹿足迹?
Doḷā lolāva te kaṇṇā, vevaṇṇaṃ samupāgatā.
你的耳朵倾斜而低垂,色泽苍黄渐渐显现。
‘‘Makuḷakhārakākārā, kalikāva payodharā;
如藤萝果实苍老,乳房如烂熟之果;
Pabhinnā pūtikuṇapā, duṭṭhagandhittamāgatā.
裸露散乱如芦苇,污秽恶臭随之而来。
‘‘Vedimajjhāva sussoṇī, sūnāva nītakibbisā;
脐部细小圆润,臍孔深陷如无声蚯蚓。
Jātā amajjhabharitā, aho rūpamasassataṃ.
生已不净充满,唉,此色真污秽。
‘‘Sabbaṃ sarīrasañjātaṃ, pūtigandhaṃ bhayānakaṃ;
『全身由形所生,腐臭且令人怖;
Susānamiva bībhacchaṃ, ramante yattha bālisā.
犹如腐烂尸体,诸愚者于其中,安乐游戏。』
‘‘Tadā mahākāruṇiko, bhātā me lokanāyako;
『当时大慈悲者,吾兄世间领袖,
Disvā saṃviggacittaṃ maṃ, imā gāthā abhāsatha.
见我心惶恐乱,即为我诵此偈。』
‘‘Āturaṃ kuṇapaṃ pūtiṃ, passa nande samussayaṃ;
『看此病体污秽,苦恼烦恼交集;』
Asubhāya cittaṃ bhāvehi, ekaggaṃ susamāhitaṃ.
应令心不生不善之念,专注而稳,正一心而深定。
‘‘Yathā idaṃ tathā etaṃ, yathā etaṃ tathā idaṃ;
『就如这物,亦如彼物;如彼物,亦如这物。』
Duggandhaṃ pūtikaṃ vāti, bālānaṃ abhinanditaṃ.
难闻污秽之气流动,是愚人成群不喜之物。
‘‘Evametaṃ avekkhantī, rattindivamatanditā;
『如此观照,不论昼夜皆不懈怠,』
Tato sakāya paññāya, abhinibbijjha dakkhisaṃ.
继而凭借自身智慧,洞察透彻,无所障碍。
‘‘Tatohaṃ atisaṃviggā, sutvā gāthā subhāsitā;
于是我极为震惊,闻诵美妙诗偈,如沐甘露。
Tatraṭṭhitāvahaṃ santī, arahattamapāpuṇiṃ.
在那里坚定不移,我获得了阿拉汉果。
‘‘Yattha yattha nisinnāhaṃ, sadā jhānaparāyaṇā;
无论我坐在哪里,总是专心于禅定;
Jino tasmiṃ guṇe tuṭṭho, etadagge ṭhapesi maṃ.
胜者对那个功德心满意足,于是高举我于顶峰。
‘‘Kilesā jhāpitā mayhaṃ…pe… kataṃ buddhassa sāsana’’nti.
烦恼已被我镇伏……如是……所作,乃于佛陀教法中成就。
Arahattaṃ pana patvā attano paṭipattiṃ paccavekkhitvā udānavasena ‘‘āturaṃ asuci’’ntiādinā satthārā desitāhi tīhi gāthāhi saddhiṃ –
既得阿拉汉果,反观自己修行,以颂歌形式合诵三句——
§85
85.
‘‘Tassā me appamattāya, vicinantiyā yoniso;
愿彼以我精进不懈,恰当地深思熟虑;
Yathābhūtaṃ ayaṃ kāyo, diṭṭho santarabāhiro.
此身真实不虚,内外皆已现见。
§86
86.
‘‘Atha nibbindahaṃ kāye, ajjhattañca virajjahaṃ;
于是,我对身心生厌,内心全然净除;
Appamattā visaṃyuttā, upasantāmhi nibbutā’’ti. –
不放逸,断除一切,安住寂灭之境。
Imā dve gāthā abhāsi.
二句偈文如是诵说。
Tattha evametaṃ avekkhantī…pe… dakkhisanti etaṃ āturādisabhāvaṃ kāyaṃ evaṃ ‘‘yathā idaṃ tathā eta’’ntiādinā vuttappakārena rattindivaṃ sabbakālaṃ atanditā hutvā parato ghosahetukaṃ sutamayañāṇaṃ muñcitvā, tato taṃnimittaṃ attani sambhūtattā sakāyabhāvanāmayāya paññāya yāthāvato ghanavinibbhogakaraṇena abhinibbijjha, kathaṃ nu kho dakkhisaṃ passissanti ābhogapurecārikena pubbabhāgañāṇacakkhunā avekkhantī vicinantīti attho.
在此,观此之人如是仔细观察……如是行说:他们以“此身即然,彼亦如是”等等语句,坚持说法,于昼夜不停息,舍弃外缘声响等诸知识;继而据此相,凭自身而生的我见执着,由比身见(我执)产生的智慧,以正确审察之智,深究此身如何令有识者能够用往现知识之眼,端详昔所不及之处,细心推究其义,此即其意。
Tenāha ‘‘tassā me appamattāyā’’tiādi. Tassattho – tassā me satiavippavāsena appamattāya yoniso upāyena aniccādivasena vipassanāpaññāya vicinantiyā vīmaṃsantiyā, ayaṃ khandhapañcakasaṅkhāto kāyo sasantānaparasantānavibhāgato santarabāhiro yathābhūtaṃ diṭṭho.
又说:“我于此身不放逸”等语。其义者,是说因念觉知周期循环与不放逸,恰当地以无常等法的观智洞察,审思;此即由五蕴所构成的身,因包含过去、现在、未来诸刹那而分为内外,真实如实得见。
Atha tathā dassanato pacchā nibbindahaṃ kāye vipassanāpaññāsahitāya maggapaññāya attabhāve nibbindiṃ, visesatova ajjhattasantāne virajji virāgaṃ āpajjiṃ, ahaṃ yathābhūtāya appamādapaṭipattiyā matthakappattiyā appamattā sabbaso saṃyojanānaṃ samucchinnattā visaṃyuttā upasantā ca nibbutā ca amhīti.
于是,正见之后,我对身心生起厌离,凭借具有内观智慧与道理智慧的观察,对自性的真实觉知而生起厌弃。尤其对内在连续体中的净化,达到无染、无欲的境界。我以如实禅修之行,恪守正精进,彻底断除一切缠缚,得以解脱安住,断尽烦恼,成就涅槃,自证此理。
Sundarīnandātherīgāthāvaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā. · 孙达莉难达长老尼偈注释终了。
5. Nanduttarātherīgāthāvaṇṇanā五、难度答拉长老尼偈注释
Aggiṃcandañcātiādikā nanduttarāya theriyā gāthā. Ayampi purimabuddhesu katādhikārā tattha tattha bhave vivaṭṭūpanissayaṃ kusalaṃ upacinitvā imasmiṃ buddhuppāde kururaṭṭhe kammāsadhammanigame brāhmaṇakule nibbattitvā , ekaccāni vijjāṭṭhānāni sippāyatanāni ca uggahetvā nigaṇṭhapabbajjaṃ upagantvā, vādappasutā jambusākhaṃ gahetvā bhaddākuṇḍalakesā viya jambudīpatale vicarantī mahāmoggallānattheraṃ upasaṅkamitvā pañhaṃ pucchitvā parājayaṃ pattā therassa ovāde ṭhatvā sāsane pabbajitvā samaṇadhammaṃ karontī na cirasseva saha paṭisambhidāhi arahattaṃ patvā attano paṭipattiṃ paccavekkhitvā udānavasena –
关于火、月等诸相的长老颂歌,这些颂歌同样出现在古代诸佛时代。不同世代佛中,以具备正见的智慧为依据,各自依缘善法,教导众生。于世俗残暴的国家,生于婆罗门家族,修习业法义理,继承部分佛智与精巧之技艺,出家成为外道,习行辩论,持邪见,流转印支岛上。后亲近伟大的长老摩嘎剌那,向其请教,尽得教诲,乃断邪见,依教法出家,修行沙门正法。少时后,得现前般涅槃,成阿拉汉,自检自照行持,借由优陀那的一句偈语说,
§87
87.
‘‘Aggiṃ candañca sūriyañca, devatā ca namassihaṃ;
『我顶礼火焰、月亮与太阳,顶礼诸天神明,』
Nadītitthāni gantvāna, udakaṃ oruhāmihaṃ.
『往来江河湖泊,我饮用净水,』
§88
88.
‘‘Bahūvatasamādānā, aḍḍhaṃ sīsassa olikhiṃ;
『我多次采集,涂抹头顶泥土;』
Chamāya seyyaṃ kappemi, rattiṃ bhattaṃ na bhuñjahaṃ.
『我为自己敷凉,夜间不食,』
§89
89.
‘‘Vibhūsāmaṇḍanaratā, nhāpanucchādanehi ca;
“喜好装饰华丽,且以沐浴及涂抹净身为乐;
Upakāsiṃ imaṃ kāyaṃ, kāmarāgena aṭṭitā.
我曾纵容此身,沉溺于欲爱之中。”
§90
90.
‘‘Tato saddhaṃ labhitvāna, pabbajiṃ anagāriyaṃ;
“于是,得到了坚定信心,出家为无家者;
Disvā kāyaṃ yathābhūtaṃ, kāmarāgo samūhato.
见彼身如实相,欲爱便从心中断除。
§91
91.
‘‘Sabbe bhavā samucchinnā, icchā ca patthanāpi ca;
“一切生命皆被断绝,贪欲及攀缘亦然;
Sabbayogavisaṃyuttā, santiṃ pāpuṇi cetaso’’ti. –
身心均脱离一切缠绕,内心获得安乐。”
Imā pañca gāthā abhāsi.
这五偈已宣说。
Tattha aggiṃ candañca sūriyañca, devatā ca namassihanti aggippamukhā devāti indānaṃ devānaṃ ārādhanatthaṃ āhutiṃ paggahetvā aggiñca, māse māse sukkapakkhassa dutiyāya candañca, divase divase sāyaṃ pātaṃ sūriyañca, aññā ca bāhirā hiraññagabbhādayo devatā ca, visuddhimaggaṃ gavesantī namassihaṃ namakkāraṃ ahaṃ akāsiṃ. Nadītitthānigantvāna, udakaṃ oruhāmihanti gaṅgādīnaṃ nadīnaṃ pūjātitthāni upagantvā sāyaṃ pātaṃ udakaṃ otarāmi udake nimujjitvā aṅgasiñcanaṃ karomi.
在此,火、月、日及天众恭敬火之诸主天神,火为天众之首,为敬奉众天献祭而持献供养。每月每于净月之次月,白天每日晚上日落时,及他外道如黄金胎等天神,为求净道而拜敬致礼。我自持敬礼。渡河至渡口,入水而上,近河所敬之处,夕阳日落时入水,浸没身躯以湿身。
Bahūvatasamādānāti pañcātapatappanādi bahuvidhavatasamādānā. Gāthāsukhatthaṃ bahūti dīghakaraṇaṃ. Aḍḍhaṃ sīsassa olikhinti mayhaṃ sīsassa aḍḍhameva muṇḍemi. Keci ‘‘aḍḍhaṃ sīsassa olikhinti kesakalāpassa aḍḍhaṃ jaṭābandhanavasena bandhitvā aḍḍhaṃ vissajjesi’’nti atthaṃ vadanti. Chamāya seyyaṃ kappemīti thaṇḍilasāyinī hutvā anantarahitāya bhūmiyā sayāmi. Rattiṃ bhattaṃ na bhuñjahanti rattūparatā hutvā rattiyaṃ bhojanaṃ na bhuñjiṃ.
多所集取者谓之五种集取等多样集取。偈文意趣众多,因篇幅较长。『半截在头上书写』者谓我在头上半截而剃。有说者谓半截在头上书写者比作以头发束缚一半,然即放解一半之义。欲免偷懒,故卧于地面,衣为寒衣,随地而卧。夜间不食,因夜疲困,夜间亦不食。
Vibhūsāmaṇḍanaratāti cirakālaṃ attakilamathānuyogena kilantakāyā ‘‘evaṃ sarīrassa kilamanena natthi paññāsuddhi. Sace pana indriyānaṃ tosanavasena sarīrassa tappanena suddhi siyā’’ti mantvā imaṃ kāyaṃ anuggaṇhantī vibhūsāyaṃ maṇḍane ca ratā vatthālaṅkārehi alaṅkaraṇe gandhamālādīhi maṇḍane ca abhiratā. Nhāpanucchādanehi cāti sambāhanādīni kāretvā nhāpanena ucchādanena ca. Upakāsiṃ imaṃ kāyanti imaṃ mama kāyaṃ anuggaṇhiṃ santappesiṃ. Kāmarāgena aṭṭitāti evaṃ kāyadaḷhībahulā hutvā ayonisomanasikārapaccayā pariyuṭṭhitena kāmarāgena aṭṭitā abhiṇhaṃ upaddutā ahosiṃ.
挂饰宝物者谓久时以积劳身疲而成损坏之体『依此身体受损故无明智得净』。若以根欲满足及身体之热(烦恼)则得清净。思量是故修持此身,怡乐于装饰及衣服首饰香松等。修浴沐及涂膏等清洁行为。持此身即我身,修持慰藉。因欲爱甚重,身多病苦,因无善思维而陷恶行,乃因欲爱而生恼害。
Tato saddhaṃ labhitvānāti evaṃ samādinnavatāni bhinditvā kāyadaḷhībahulā vādappasutā hutvā tattha tattha vicarantī tato pacchā aparabhāge mahāmoggallānattherassa santike laddhovādānusāsanā saddhaṃ paṭilabhitvā. Disvā kāyaṃ yathābhūtanti saha vipassanāya maggapaññāya imaṃ mama kāyaṃ yathābhūtaṃ disvā anāgāmimaggena sabbaso kāmarāgo samūhato. Tato paraṃ aggamaggena sabbe bhavā samucchinnā, icchā ca patthanāpi cāti paccuppannavisayābhilāsasaṅkhātā icchā ca āyatibhavābhilāsasaṅkhātā patthanāpi sabbe bhavāpi samucchinnāti yojanā . Santiṃ pāpuṇi cetasoti accantaṃ santiṃ arahattaphalaṃ pāpuṇiṃ adhigacchinti attho.
继而得坚信者,即依正定所证之身,破除多种烦恼,生起谦逊柔顺。于彼时彼处周行。随后于後分处,得大摩嘎剌那长老之教诲并善讼,坚定信心。见身如实,与观慧及道智慧共证,见此我是如实,藉无还道,诸欲难生。继以最高道,诸有尽灭,欲念与心相续尽断。诸有悉灭,欲念亦断。此为结合。获究竟安乐,极大安乐,是阿拉汉果法之得。
Nanduttarātherīgāthāvaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā. · 难度答拉长老尼偈注释终了。
6. Mittākāḷītherīgāthāvaṇṇanā六、蜜达咖利长老尼偈注释
Saddhāyapabbajitvānātiādikā mittākāḷiyā theriyā gāthā. Ayampi purimabuddhesu katādhikārā tattha tattha bhave vivaṭṭūpanissayaṃ kusalaṃ upacinantī imasmiṃ buddhuppāde kururaṭṭhe kammāsadhammanigame brāhmaṇakule nibbattitvā viññutaṃ pattā mahāsatipaṭṭhānadesanāya paṭiladdhasaddhā bhikkhunīsu pabbajitvā satta saṃvaccharāni lābhasakkāragiddhikā hutvā samaṇadhammaṃ karontī tattha tattha vicaritvā aparabhāge yoniso ummujjantī saṃvegajātā hutvā vipassanaṃ paṭṭhapetvā na cirasseva saha paṭisambhidāhi arahattaṃ patvā attano paṭipattiṃ paccavekkhitvā udānavasena –
谓从信心出家者所作,此为昔日诸佛时长辈女比库尼诗偈。彼于过去诸佛时代,各各于以往生起轮回根本,行善增进。在此佛陀现世时,生于难产国家之婆罗门家,具大信心,出家于比库尼僧团,七年间增长成就,行杂修道,遍行各地方。在後分处善于觉悟生起精进,设立观慧,不久即与智慧共证阿拉汉果,洞察自修行,讽诵祈赞偈语──
§92
92.
‘‘Saddhāya pabbajitvāna, agārasmānagāriyaṃ;
舍弃家宅,凭信心出家游行,
Vicariṃhaṃ tena tena, lābhasakkāraussukā.
于各处行住,勤奋于所得、尊重与热忱。
§93
93.
‘‘Riñcitvā paramaṃ atthaṃ, hīnamatthaṃ asevihaṃ;
追求究竟利益,远离低劣利益;
Kilesānaṃ vasaṃ gantvā, sāmaññatthaṃ na bujjhihaṃ.
降服烦恼,未能见解和合之道。
§94
94.
‘‘Tassā me ahu saṃvego, nisinnāya vihārake;
我因此生起震惊,在所坐的止息处;
Ummaggapaṭipannāmhi, taṇhāya vasamāgatā.
于行入正道时,渴爱已生其内心。
§95
95.
‘‘Appakaṃ jīvitaṃ mayhaṃ, jarā byādhi ca maddati;
「我的生命已经衰败,老病折磨着我;
Purāyaṃ bhijjati kāyo, na me kālo pamajjituṃ.
身体渐渐腐烂,我无时无刻不警醒着,不敢懈怠。」
§96
96.
‘‘Yathābhūtamavekkhantī, khandhānaṃ udayabbayaṃ;
「如实观照五蕴的生起和灭尽;
Vimuttacittā uṭṭhāsiṃ, kataṃ buddhassa sāsana’’nti. – imā gāthā abhāsi;
心灵解脱而起,我已完成了世尊的教法。」——如此偈语宣说;
Tattha vicariṃhaṃ tena tena, lābhasakkāraussukāti lābhe ca sakkāre ca ussukā yuttappayuttā hutvā tena tena bāhusaccadhammakathādinā lābhuppādahetunā vicariṃ ahaṃ.
在此我思维着各种所得、敬重和精进,因所得、敬重和精进彼此相应,常以各类多方面的言论作为生起所得的缘起加以思惟。
Riñcitvā paramaṃ atthanti jhānavipassanāmaggaphalādiṃ uttamaṃ atthaṃ jahitvā chaḍḍetvā. Hīnamatthaṃ asevihanti catupaccayasaṅkhātaāmisabhāvato hīnaṃ lāmakaṃ atthaṃ ayoniso pariyesanāya paṭiseviṃ ahaṃ. Kilesānaṃ vasaṃ gantvāti mānamadataṇhādīnaṃ kilesānaṃ vasaṃ upagantvā sāmaññatthaṃ samaṇakiccaṃ na bujjhiṃ na jāniṃ ahaṃ.
弃捨乃至最究竟的禅定与观道果实等最高义理,我弃舍、舍弃之。对较低义理,我因缘着四缘条件而玩弄,反倒坏了,用无智的执迷胡乱探索。染污们的束缚加重,因傲慢、嗔恚等烦恼的束缚缠绕,我不理解、不知晓出家修行的意义。
Nisinnāyavihāraketi mama vasanakaovarake nisinnāya ahu saṃvego. Kathanti ce, āha ‘‘ummaggapaṭipannāmhī’’ti. Tattha ummaggapaṭipannāmhīti yāvadeva anupādāya parinibbānatthamidaṃ sāsanaṃ, tattha sāsane pabbajitvā kammaṭṭhānaṃ amanasikarontī tassa ummaggapaṭipannā amhīti. Taṇhāya vasamāgatāti paccayuppādanataṇhāya vasaṃ upagatā.
所谓“坐处修行者”,是因我在座上静坐时,生起急迫恭敬之心。若有人说:“我正行于解脱之路”,这里所谓解脱之路,即指依止无余涅槃之法的法教;在此教法中,出家人尽心专注修习彼业。由于渴爱被镇伏,便是指因缘生起的渴爱被抑制。
Appakaṃ jīvitaṃ mayhanti paricchinnakālā vajjitato bahūpaddavato ca mama jīvitaṃ appakaṃ parittaṃ lahukaṃ. Jarā byādhi ca maddatīti tañca samantato āpatitvā nippothentā pabbatā viya jarā byādhi ca maddati nimmathati. ‘‘Maddare’’tipi pāṭho. Purāyaṃ bhijjati kāyoti ayaṃ kāyo bhijjati purā. Yasmā tassa ekaṃsiko bhedo, tasmā na me kālo pamajjituṃ ayaṃ kālo aṭṭhakkhaṇavajjito navamo khaṇo, so pamajjituṃ na yuttoti tassāhuṃ saṃvegoti yojanā.
我的生命已趋短促,时限已至,正经历疾病及诸多障碍而短暂脆弱。我四肢百骸如同山岳受力沉重,疾病与老迈令我身体渐趋萎缩。“使缓”的读法,意指身体渐渐浸湿腐坏。因其变化瞬息无常,故我无时可怠惰,此刻严谨守持,故生起此急迫恭敬之心。
Yathābhūtamavekkhantīti evaṃ jātasaṃvegā vipassanaṃ paṭṭhapetvā aniccādimanasikārena yathābhūtamavekkhantī. Kiṃ avekkhantīti āha ‘‘khandhānaṃ udayabbaya’’nti. ‘‘Avijjāsamudayā rūpasamudayo’’tiādinā (paṭi. ma. 1.50) samapaññāsappabhedānaṃ pañcannaṃ upādānakkhandhānaṃ uppādanirodhañca udayabbayānupassanāya avekkhantī vipassanaṃ ussukkāpetvā maggapaṭipāṭiyā sabbaso kilesehi ca bhavehi ca vimuttacittā uṭṭhāsiṃ, ubhato uṭṭhānena maggena bhavattayato cāti vuṭṭhitā ahosiṃ. Sesaṃ vuttanayameva.
所谓“如实观察”,即是针对生死仓卒的急迫之心,观照无常等实相,正如所言观察“蕴界的起滅”。比如说“无明生则色生”等层义,依《相应部》所说,约有五类执着蕴的起与灭,从而觉察生灭的本质,精进修习观慧,循道行持,心除一切污垢,获得离欲,身体与心灵皆得解脱,故而“分别起”的慧逐得建立。余文亦作同义演说。
Mittākāḷītherīgāthāvaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā. · 弥德咖喇长老尼偈注释完毕。
7. Sakulātherīgāthāvaṇṇanā7. 萨古喇长老尼偈注释
Agārasmiṃvasantītiādikā sakulāya theriyā gāthā. Ayaṃ kira padumuttarassa bhagavato kāle haṃsavatīnagare ānandassa rañño dhītā hutvā nibbattā, satthu vemātikabhaginī nandāti nāmena. Sā viññutaṃ patvā ekadivasaṃ satthu santike dhammaṃ suṇantī satthārā ekaṃ bhikkhuniṃ dibbacakkhukānaṃ aggaṭṭhāne ṭhapentaṃ disvā ussāhajātā adhikārakammaṃ katvā sayampi taṃ ṭhānantaraṃ patthentī paṇidhānamakāsi. Sā tattha yāvajīvaṃ bahuṃ uḷāraṃ kusalakammaṃ katvā devaloke nibbattitvā aparāparaṃ sugatīsuyeva saṃsarantī kassapassa bhagavato kāle brāhmaṇakule nibbattitvā paribbājakapabbajjaṃ pabbajitvā ekacārinī vicarantī ekadivasaṃ telabhikkhāya āhiṇḍitvā telaṃ labhitvā tena telena satthu cetiye sabbarattiṃ dīpapūjaṃ akāsi. Sā tato cutā tāvatiṃse nibbattitvā suvisuddhadibbacakkhukā hutvā ekaṃ buddhantaraṃ devesuyeva saṃsaritvā imasmiṃ buddhuppāde sāvatthiyaṃ brāhmaṇakule nibbatti. Sakulātissā nāmaṃ ahosi. Sā viññutaṃ pattā satthu jetavanapaṭiggahaṇe paṭiladdhasaddhā upāsikā hutvā aparabhāge aññatarassa khīṇāsavattherassa santike dhammaṃ sutvā sañjātasaṃvegā pabbajitvā vipassanaṃ paṭṭhapetvā ghaṭentī vāyamantī na cirasseva arahattaṃ pāpuṇi. Tena vuttaṃ apadāne (apa. therī 2.3.131-165) –
关于“居家修行”始祖释尊时代的尼姑歌诗,记录释尊于鹤座城时,安那王之女出家性名南达,她了悟觉义,某日亲近世尊听法,见法师设立诸多天眼阿拉汉尼,生起欢喜,遂立誓终生勤修。此尼以丰富善行感得天上果报,轮转诸佛世界。释尊时于婆罗门家出家,独行修道。有一日采集油膏,供养世尊佛塔并点灯礼敬。她圆寂后生于三十三天,得辩才天眼神通,像诸佛为伴,轮转至释迦佛成道时,于沙瓦提城婆罗门家出生,名作苏库拉特issā。她既得信心成为居士,后拜见某净尽余垢的长老,闻法生起急迫之心,出家修习观慧,终证阿拉汉果。这在《阿婆·长老比库尼传》记载中有所证实。
‘‘Padumuttaro nāma jino, sabbadhammāna pāragū;
“名曰波陀摩多尊者,是诸法圆满通达者;
Ito satasahassamhi, kappe uppajji nāyako.
千百劫之前,此尊者便已作诸佛法的引导者。”
‘‘Hitāya sabbasattānaṃ, sukhāya vadataṃ varo;
「为利益一切众生、为了众生安乐,所说诸善法乃最尊贵;
Atthāya purisājañño, paṭipanno sadevake.
是为智识广大的人所寻求,行持此法之众圣同伴皆归依之。
‘‘Yasaggapatto sirimā, kittivaṇṇagato jino;
此尊者断绝放逸,具大威仪,名声远扬者,是真正的胜利者;
Pūjito sabbalokassa, disā sabbāsu vissuto.
受整个世间尊敬,遍布诸方,名声广被称扬。
‘‘Uttiṇṇavicikiccho so, vītivattakathaṃkatho;
此人已超越疑虑,远离猜疑与纷争之辩;
Sampuṇṇamanasaṅkappo, patto sambodhimuttamaṃ.
内心圆满如愿,已证得无上正觉最高悉知。」
‘‘Anuppannassa maggassa, uppādetā naruttamo;
『未曾生起的道路』者,是由众生中最优越者所建立者。
Anakkhātañca akkhāsi, asañjātañca sañjanī.
亦述说未被穷尽者,且能令未被认识者获得认识。
‘‘Maggaññū ca maggavidū, maggakkhāyī narāsabho;
『道路了知者』及『道路通晓者』,如车力雄壮的公牛一般的人;
Maggassa kusalo satthā, sārathīnaṃ varuttamo.
善于道路者,师长,即引导者中最尊胜者。
‘‘Mahākāruṇiko satthā, dhammaṃ deseti nāyako;
极具慈悲心者的导师,教导法的首领;
Nimugge kāmapaṅkamhi, samuddharati pāṇine.
于欲望污泥之深渊中,引导众生获救者。
‘‘Tadāhaṃ haṃsavatiyaṃ, jātā khattiyanandanā;
当时我出生于天鹅族,父亲是勇猛的刹帝利之子;
Surūpā sadhanā cāpi, dayitā ca sirīmatī.
母亲容貌端正,善于行善,且为德高望重的贤妇;
‘‘Ānandassa mahārañño, dhītā paramasobhanā;
伟大的国王阿难有一位最为美丽的亲女;
Vemātā bhaginī cāpi, padumuttaranāmino.
母亲名为维玛塔,是她的姐妹,名叫莲臻;
‘‘Rājakaññāhi sahitā, sabbābharaṇabhūsitā;
与众多王族之女为伴,皆佩戴华丽装饰;
Upāgamma mahāvīraṃ, assosiṃ dhammadesanaṃ.
我前往大勇士处,聆听佛陀的法教。
‘‘Tadā hi so lokagaru, bhikkhuniṃ dibbacakkhukaṃ;
当时,这位世间尊敬者,在众比库尼中,认可这位具天眼的比库尼,
Kittayaṃ parisāmajjhe, aggaṭṭhāne ṭhapesi taṃ.
在集会中,将她安置于首位。
‘‘Suṇitvā tamahaṃ haṭṭhā, dānaṃ datvāna satthuno;
我闻闻此,立即施予布施于尊者;
Pūjitvāna ca sambuddhaṃ, dibbacakkhuṃ apatthayiṃ.
恭敬供养那正觉者,护持这具天眼。
‘‘Tato avoca maṃ satthā, nande lacchasi patthitaṃ;
于是世尊对我说:难陀,你已获得正见;
Padīpadhammadānānaṃ, phalametaṃ sunicchitaṃ.
这是布施灯明正法所必得的果报,毫无疑义。
‘‘Satasahassito kappe, okkākakulasambhavo;
「百千劫之前,生于猪类中;
Gotamo nāma gottena, satthā loke bhavissati.
名为果德摩者,将成为世间导师。」
‘‘Tassa dhammesu dāyādā, orasā dhammanimmitā;
「于其法门中,有一传承者,以法为相;
Sakulā nāma nāmena, hessati satthu sāvikā.
名为沙库拉者,将成为导师之侍者。」
‘‘Tena kammena sukatena, cetanāpaṇidhīhi ca;
「以彼善业与坚定誓愿,
Jahitvā mānusaṃ dehaṃ, tāvatiṃsamagacchahaṃ.
舍弃人身,奔赴涅槃境界。」
‘‘Imamhi bhaddake kappe, brahmabandhu mahāyaso;
在此吉祥世代,有一位婆罗门族裔,具有极大名誉。
Kassapo nāma gottena, uppajji vadataṃ varo.
他名为咖萨巴,以其出身被称为尊贵贤者。
‘‘Paribbājakinī āsiṃ, tadāhaṃ ekacārinī;
当时我为一独行游方女比库尼,独自生活。
Bhikkhāya vicaritvāna, alabhiṃ telamattakaṃ.
行乞生活,获得了油脂适量之物。
‘‘Tena dīpaṃ padīpetvā, upaṭṭhiṃ sabbasaṃvariṃ;
以此油灯点燃灯火,尽心守护整夜。
Cetiyaṃ dvipadaggassa, vippasannena cetasā.
注视双足行者之圣迹,心怀清净安详。
‘‘Tena kammena sukatena, cetanāpaṇidhīhi ca;
以此善行及坚定的意志心,
Jahitvā mānusaṃ dehaṃ, tāvatiṃsamagacchahaṃ.
舍弃了人身,去往他方天界。
‘‘Yattha yatthūpapajjāmi, tassa kammassa vāhasā;
无论我降生于何处,皆因此业力驱使;
Pajjalanti mahādīpā, tattha tattha gatāya me.
诸如伟大灯火燃烧照耀,我之所至,亦复如是。
‘‘Tirokuṭṭaṃ tiroselaṃ, samatiggayha pabbataṃ;
当我越过深谷峭岩,登上高峰;
Passāmahaṃ yadicchāmi, dīpadānassidaṃ phalaṃ.
我即能见此处光明之果,随我意愿所求。
‘‘Visuddhanayanā homi, yasasā ca jalāmahaṃ;
‘‘愿我具足清净眼,有广大名声;
Saddhāpaññāvatī ceva, dīpadānassidaṃ phalaṃ.
信解俱备,得此布施果报。
‘‘Pacchime ca bhave dāni, jātā vippakule ahaṃ;
‘‘现于后世转生,我诞生于城邑间;
Pahūtadhanadhaññamhi, mudite rājapūjite.
富庶粮食充足,欢喜受国王敬奉。
‘‘Ahaṃ sabbaṅgasampannā, sabbābharaṇabhūsitā;
‘‘我具一切形体,身饰众宝华美;
Purappavese sugataṃ, vātapāne ṭhitā ahaṃ.
在东行地,立于风饮处,亲近圣者。”
‘‘Disvā jalantaṃ yasasā, devamanussasakkataṃ;
『见于辉煌光明,天人所敬仰,世间称颂;』
Anubyañjanasampannaṃ, lakkhaṇehi vibhūsitaṃ.
『具诸慈敬光辉,体征相好庄严;』
‘‘Udaggacittā sumanā, pabbajjaṃ samarocayiṃ;
『心坚定而欢喜,欢喜出家离俗;』
Na cireneva kālena, arahattamapāpuṇiṃ.
『非久远岁月之事,已证阿拉汉果;』
‘‘Iddhīsu ca vasī homi, dibbāya sotadhātuyā;
『于神通中我为王,具足神通微妙之力;』
Paracittāni jānāmi, satthusāsanakārikā.
『能知他心与自心,晓解世尊教行誓要。』
‘‘Pubbenivāsaṃ jānāmi, dibbacakkhu visodhitaṃ;
『我知前生业报,天眼已净明。』
Khepetvā āsave sabbe, visuddhāsiṃ sunimmalā.
『破除诸根尘垢,纯净无染灭。』
‘‘Pariciṇṇo mayā satthā, kataṃ buddhassa sāsanaṃ;
『我成就之师尊,已完成佛陀法;』
Ohito garuko bhāro, bhavanettisamūhatā.
『重担已抛却,迷惑众生苦。』
‘‘Yassatthāya pabbajitā, agārasmānagāriyaṃ;
『为此义起出家,舍弃家中住;』
So me attho anuppatto, sabbasaṃyojanakkhayo.
『达成我之目的,断尽一切结。』
‘‘Tato mahākāruṇiko, etadagge ṭhapesi maṃ;
『于是,这大慈悲者在此确立了我;』
Dibbacakkhukānaṃ aggā, sakulāti naruttamo.
『天眼诸上者中的首领,众人之最。』
‘‘Kilesā jhāpitā mayhaṃ…pe… kataṃ buddhassa sāsana’’nti.
『污垢已被擒制于我……如是,已为佛陀教法所行。』
Arahattaṃ pana patvā katādhikāratāya dibbacakkhuñāṇe ciṇṇavasī ahosi. Tena naṃ satthā dibbacakkhukānaṃ bhikkhunīnaṃ aggaṭṭhāne ṭhapesi. Sā attano paṭipattiṃ paccavekkhitvā pītisomanassajātā udānavasena –
证得阿拉汉果又顷,其于得天眼智极为篆刻住持。故此,世尊于天眼诸上比库尼领袖处安置之。彼察其自修行已,生起喜悦肃然之感,如偈欢赞曰——
§97
97.
‘‘Agārasmiṃ vasantīhaṃ, dhammaṃ sutvāna bhikkhuno;
『于家居士中此处,闻闻法者比库;』
Addasaṃ virajaṃ dhammaṃ, nibbānaṃ padamaccutaṃ.
『见见清净法者,即涅槃究竟境。』
§98
98.
‘‘Sāhaṃ puttaṃ dhītarañca, dhanadhaññañca chaḍḍiya;
『我舍弃有子有女者,亦舍弃财富粮食』;
Kese chedāpayitvāna, pabbajiṃ anagāriyaṃ.
『割断头发之后,出家作无家独住者』。
§99
99.
‘‘Sikkhamānā ahaṃ santī, bhāventī maggamañjasaṃ;
『我现为在学尼,修习通达圣道清净者;','326':'舍弃贪欲与嗔恚,亦破除所有烦恼之根本』。
Pahāsiṃ rāgadosañca, tadekaṭṭhe ca āsave.
我已断除贪与嗔,以及与彼同处之诸漏。
§100
100.
‘‘Bhikkhunī upasampajja, pubbajātimanussariṃ;
『比库尼已承具足戒,忆念过去生为人者』;
Dibbacakkhu visodhitaṃ, vimalaṃ sādhubhāvitaṃ.
天眼已然清净,为善之相纯洁。
§101
101.
一百零一。
‘‘Saṅkhāre parato disvā, hetujāte palokite;
「观察诸行在彼岸,见诸因缘所生起;
Pahāsiṃ āsave sabbe, sītibhūtāmhi nibbutā’’ti. –
诸垢皆已断除,安凉灭尽涅槃现。」
Imā gāthā abhāsi.
此为诗句所说。
Tattha agārasmiṃ vasantīhaṃ, dhammaṃ sutvāna bhikkhunoti ahaṃ pubbe agāramajjhe vasamānā aññatarassa bhinnakilesassa bhikkhuno santike catusaccagabbhaṃ dhammakathaṃ sutvā. Addasaṃ virajaṃ dhammaṃ, nibbānaṃ padamaccutanti rāgarajādīnaṃ abhāvena virajaṃ, vānato nikkhantattā nibbānaṃ, cavanābhāvato adhigatānaṃ accutihetutāya ca nibbānaṃ accutaṃ, padanti ca laddhanāmaṃ asaṅkhatadhammaṃ, sahassanayapaṭimaṇḍitena dassanasaṅkhātena dhammacakkhunā addasaṃ passiṃ.
其中,于此世俗居所,听闻法义,吾于往昔在俗家中居住时,曾于一位分别染污的比库身边,听闻四圣谛之正法义理。目睹寂净之法,无染为宁灭,谓涅槃为尽无贪恚痴诸染;因离欲念而得涅槃,因断绝著著而成涅槃,因了知无覆蔽故涅槃不灭;视为法之究竟境界,无生法体,凭千百重光轮照彻、以法眼辨明所见,得以亲见、阅观。
Sāhanti sā ahaṃ vuttappakārena sotāpannā homi.
我以所受教诲坚持故,成为了入流果者。
Sikkhamānā ahaṃ santīti ahaṃ sikkhamānāva samānā pabbajitvā vasse aparipuṇṇe eva. Bhāventī maggamañjasanti majjhimapaṭipattibhāvato añjasaṃ uparimaggaṃ uppādentī. Tadekaṭṭhe ca āsaveti rāgadosehi sahajekaṭṭhe pahānekaṭṭhe ca tatiyamaggavajjhe āsave pahāsiṃ samucchindiṃ.
我作为在学尼,言我为在学尼,乃至受具足戒后的满一年中,因修习中道修行,于修行的中道正路上,逐渐生起安宁感。此时一方面断除烦恼毒结,一方面断除染污,一方面依第三圣道判别法,断除了烦恼,得以解脱。
Bhikkhunīupasampajjāti vasse paripuṇṇe upasampajjitvā bhikkhunī hutvā. Vimalanti avijjādīhi upakkilesehi vimuttatāya vigatamalaṃ, sādhu sakkacca sammadeva bhāvitaṃ, sādhūhi vā buddhādīhi bhāvitaṃ uppāditaṃ dibbacakkhu visodhitanti sambandho.
到了满一年的比库尼受具戒,成为比库尼。因无明等烦染净除,得到解脱,圣洁纯净,正如智者所证实,亦为如来及圣众赞叹,因而生起天眼清净明慧之联系。
Saṅkhāreti tebhūmakasaṅkhāre. Paratoti anattato. Hetujāteti paccayuppanne. Palokiteti palujjanasabhāve pabhaṅgune paññācakkhunā disvā. Pahāsiṃ āsave sabbeti aggamaggena avasiṭṭhe sabbepi āsave pajahiṃ, khepesinti attho. Sesaṃ vuttanayameva.
“集”指五蕴汇聚。所谓“他法”是指无我法。所谓因缘生是因缘所生。一切现象因缘和合而生灭,善慧所见。断除一切烦恼,即断除三圣道余余烦恼,这就是破除烦恼的意思。残余只是一种约定说法而已。
Sakulātherīgāthāvaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā. · 萨古喇长老尼偈注释完毕。
8. Soṇātherīgāthāvaṇṇanā8. 索那长老尼偈注释
Dasa putte vijāyitvātiādikā soṇāya theriyā gāthā. Ayampi padumuttarassa bhagavato kāle haṃsavatīnagare kulagehe nibbattitvā viññutaṃ patvā ekadivasaṃ satthu santike dhammaṃ suṇantī satthāraṃ ekaṃ bhikkhuniṃ āraddhavīriyānaṃ bhikkhunīnaṃ aggaṭṭhāne ṭhapentaṃ disvā, adhikārakammaṃ katvā sayampi taṃ ṭhānantaraṃ patthetvā yāvajīvaṃ puññāni katvā, tato cutā kappasatasahassaṃ devamanussesu saṃsaritvā imasmiṃ buddhuppāde sāvatthiyaṃ kulagehe nibbattitvā vayappattā patikulaṃ gatā dasa puttadhītaro labhitvā bahuputtikāti paññāyittha. Sā sāmike pabbajite vayappatte puttadhītaro gharāvāse patiṭṭhāpetvā sabbaṃ dhanaṃ puttānaṃ vibhajitvā adāsi, na kiñci attano ṭhapesi. Taṃ puttā ca dhītaro ca katipāhameva upaṭṭhahitvā paribhavaṃ akaṃsu. Sā ‘‘kiṃ mayhaṃ imehi paribhavāya ghare vasantiyā’’ti bhikkhuniyo upasaṅkamitvā pabbajjaṃ yāci. Taṃ bhikkhuniyo pabbājesuṃ. Sā laddhūpasampadā ‘‘ahaṃ mahallikākāle pabbajitvā appamattāya bhavitabba’’nti bhikkhunīnaṃ vattapaṭivattaṃ karontī ‘‘sabbarattiṃ samaṇadhammaṃ karissāmī’’ti heṭṭhāpāsāde ekathambhaṃ hatthena gahetvā taṃ avijahamānā samaṇadhammaṃ karontī caṅkamamānāpi ‘‘andhakāre ṭhāne rukkhādīsu yattha katthaci me sīsaṃ paṭihaññeyyā’’ti rukkhaṃ hatthena gahetvā taṃ avijahamānāva samaṇadhammaṃ karoti. Tato paṭṭhāya sā āraddhavīriyatāya pākaṭā ahosi. Satthā tassā ñāṇaparipākaṃ disvā gandhakuṭiyaṃ nisinnova obhāsaṃ pharitvā sammukhe nisinno viya attānaṃ dassetvā –
十子得生等称谓,是颂歌中所提。此女比库尼出身莲华尊圣时期的世尊,生于鸿翔城一个家庭,出家后逐渐圆满,并专心听法,见世尊为导师,为拥有坚定精进的比库尼等立正团体,自己也担负起带领责任,终生行善修德。后来转世千万次在人天间轮回,于此世佛出世时在舍卫城出家,已老迈,舍弃家庭诸子女后的财产,全部布施给众子众女,自己未留任何财物。诸儿女侍奉不敬,她心生疑问:我若生活于此,毁辱我者何在?遂向诸比库尼请求出家。诸比库尼正式收受她,她说:“我于幼年即出家,应当谨慎修行,终日勤修出家法。”她立誓心坚定,手执柱子,在黑暗的树下徘徊称:“必须有处砍断我的头。”于是忍辱修行,其精进扬显。世尊见其智慧圆满,如同坐于香炉中,散发光明,亲临众前示现自身——
‘‘Yo ca vassasataṃ jīve, apassaṃ dhammamuttamaṃ;
“若有人活一百岁,却不见究竟法;
Ekāhaṃ jīvitaṃ seyyo, passato dhammamuttama’’nti. (dha. pa. 115) –
「一日的生命更胜一切,见到了至高法义。」
Gāthaṃ abhāsi. Sā gāthāpariyosāne arahattaṃ pāpuṇi. Tena vuttaṃ apadāne (apa. therī 2.3.220-243) –
如是歌唱此偈。歌终登至阿拉汉果。于是于律藏中说:
‘‘Padumuttaro nāma jino, sabbadhammāna pāragū;
『有一名为波闍波陀的圣者,尽通一切法,
Ito satasahassamhi, kappe uppajji nāyako.
于一百千劫中,成为导师引导众生。』
‘‘Tadā seṭṭhikule jātā, sukhitā pūjitā piyā;
『彼时生于富户之家,荣宠安乐,受人尊敬所爱,
Upetvā taṃ munivaraṃ, assosiṃ madhuraṃ vacaṃ.
见此至圣者,听闻其甘美妙语。』
‘‘Āraddhavīriyānaggaṃ, vaṇṇesi bhikkhuniṃ jino;
『精进勇猛者』者,是称颂比库尼的尊者;
Taṃ sutvā muditā hutvā, kāraṃ katvāna satthuno.
听闻此语欢喜而生,施行善法于师尊之中。
‘‘Abhivādiya sambuddhaṃ, ṭhānaṃ taṃ patthayiṃ tadā;
恭敬礼拜正觉者,于彼处立定当时;
Anumodi mahāvīro, sijjhataṃ paṇidhī tava.
大勇者赞同愿力,愿你的誓愿得成就。
‘‘Satasahassito kappe, okkākakulasambhavo;
亿劫之中,出生于世间家族;
Gotamo nāma gottena, satthā loke bhavissati.
名为果德玛者,必将成为世间导师。
‘‘Tassa dhammesu dāyādā, orasā dhammanimmitā;
『于彼法中,当有权利,当为法之缘起者。』
Soṇāti nāma nāmena, hessati satthu sāvikā.
『名为索那,乃师所降之天。』
‘‘Taṃ sutvā muditā hutvā, yāvajīvaṃ tadā jinaṃ;
『闻此语而欢喜生,终生欢悦彼胜者;』
Mettacittā paricariṃ, paccayehi vināyakaṃ.
『以慈心周旋侍奉,依止其主宰护持者。』
‘‘Tena kammena sukatena, cetanāpaṇidhīhi ca;
『依此善业与意愿坚固,』
Jahitvā mānusaṃ dehaṃ, tāvatiṃsamagacchahaṃ.
『舍弃此人身,往至天堂界中。』
‘‘Pacchime ca bhave dāni, jātā seṭṭhikule ahaṃ;
“在我前世时,我生于富商之家;
Sāvatthiyaṃ puravare, iddhe phīte mahaddhane.
住于沙瓦提城之富裕区,富有财富如山堆累。
‘‘Yadā ca yobbanappattā, gantvā patikulaṃ ahaṃ;
当我达到青年之龄,前往祖家之处;
Dasa puttāni ajaniṃ, surūpāni visesato.
我生育了十名子嗣,容貌俊美且出众。
‘‘Sukhedhitā ca te sabbe, jananettamanoharā;
这些子嗣皆安乐幸福,出身令人称羡;
Amittānampi rucitā, mama pageva te siyā.
即便非亲非故,也爱护喜好他们,宛若己有。”
‘‘Tato mayhaṃ akāmāya, dasaputtapurakkhato;
于是,那时候,有一位名叫十子的长者,出于无意,
Pabbajittha sa me bhattā, devadevassa sāsane.
他出家了,成为我的供养者,遵行天王之教法。
‘‘Tadekikā vicintesiṃ, jīvitenālamatthu me;
我曾专心思惟,那条生命的火焰确实属于我,
Cattāya patiputtehi, vuḍḍhāya ca varākiyā.
那是承继父业的四子和一位年长而贤德的夫人。
‘‘Ahampi tattha gacchissaṃ, sampatto yattha me pati;
我也将前往那里,赴那属于我的配偶,
Evāhaṃ cintayitvāna, pabbajiṃ anagāriyaṃ.
如此思惟之后,我出家于非乡村之地。
‘‘Tato ca maṃ bhikkhuniyo, ekaṃ bhikkhunupassaye;
于是比库尼们,有一个专注于比库尼所安住之处的准则,
Vihāya gacchumovādaṃ, tāpehi udakaṃ iti.
舍弃了随意游行的言说,用碗盛水等以作洁净,
‘‘Tadā udakamāhitvā, okiritvāna kumbhiyā;
当时盛好水,倒入瓦器,
Culle ṭhapetvā āsīnā, tato cittaṃ samādahiṃ.
轻放置于下侧,入座之后,调伏心念。
‘‘Khandhe aniccato disvā, dukkhato ca anattato;
观见五蕴无常,痛苦与无我,
Khepetvā āsave sabbe, arahattamapāpuṇiṃ.
断除一切染污,达到阿拉汉果位。
‘‘Tadāgantvā bhikkhuniyo, uṇhodakamapucchisuṃ;
「当时,比库尼们前来,请求供给热水;
Tejodhātumadhiṭṭhāya, khippaṃ santāpayiṃ jalaṃ.
她们正念调伏内心之火,迅速加热水罢。」
‘‘Vimhitā tā jinavaraṃ, etamatthamasāvayuṃ;
「这比库尼们迷惑受于此,尚未彻悟其义;
Taṃ sutvā mudito nātho, imaṃ gāthaṃ abhāsatha.
闻此后,护法者欢喜,诵读此偈言:」
‘‘Yo ca vassasataṃ jīve, kusīto hīnavīriyo;
「若有人存活百年,但懒惰无力衰退;
Ekāhaṃ jīvitaṃ seyyo, vīriyamārabhato daḷhaṃ.
不如活一天,奋发坚毅精进更胜。」
‘‘Ārādhito mahāvīro, mayā suppaṭipattiyā;
‘受敬仰者大勇士,由我以善行所成;
Āraddhavīriyānaggaṃ, mamāha sa mahāmuni.
被大勇气充满,彼尊伟大圣者为我所称。
‘‘Kilesā jhāpitā mayhaṃ…pe… kataṃ buddhassa sāsana’’nti.
‘烦恼已由我摒弃……作为佛法教诲所成就。’
Atha naṃ bhagavā bhikkhuniyo paṭipāṭiyā ṭhānantare ṭhapento āraddhavīriyānaṃ aggaṭṭhāne ṭhapesi. Sā ekadivasaṃ attano paṭipattiṃ paccavekkhitvā udānavasena –
于是世尊依教制,于坚持勇猛之处安立持力第一地位。此比库尼一日复审自行,以偈赞叹说:
§102
102.
‘‘Dasa putte vijāyitvā, asmiṃ rūpasamussaye;
‘十子降生后,于此身聚中;
Tatohaṃ dubbalā jiṇṇā, bhikkhuniṃ upasaṅkamiṃ.
于是我身心虚弱,前去向比库尼恭敬靠近。
§103
103.
‘‘Sā me dhammamadesesi, khandhāyatanadhātuyo;
她向我说法,宣讲五蕴、六入、十八界的教义;
Tassā dhammaṃ suṇitvāna, kese chetvāna pabbajiṃ.
听闻此法后,我剪断鬓发,出家修行。
§104
104.
‘‘Tassā me sikkhamānāya, dibbacakkhu visodhitaṃ;
她对我在学之时,天眼得到清净显现;
Pubbenivāsaṃ jānāmi, yattha me vusitaṃ pure.
我了知过去所居住之处,乃是我昔日栖身之所。
§105
105.
‘‘Animittañca bhāvemi, ekaggā susamāhitā;
我生起无相状态,专注一境,安住清净;
Anantarāvimokkhāsiṃ, anupādāya nibbutā.
当下即得解脱,无所取着,已入涅槃寂灭。
§106
106.
‘‘Pañcakkhandhā pariññātā, tiṭṭhanti chinnamūlakā;
五蕴皆已了达,无根断绝而存立。
Dhi tavatthu jare jamme, natthi dāni punabbhavo’’ti. – imā gāthā abhāsi;
「此智慧之处,老朽与衰败,现无再生」——如是歌词如是说。
Tattha rūpasamussayeti rūpasaṅkhāte samussaye. Ayañhi rūpasaddo ‘‘cakkhuñca paṭicca rūpe ca uppajjati cakkhuviññāṇa’’ntiādīsu (saṃ. ni. 4.60) rūpāyatane āgato. ‘‘Yaṃkiñci rūpaṃ atītānāgatapaccuppanna’’ntiādīsu (a. ni. 4.181) rūpakkhandhe. ‘‘Piyarūpe sātarūpe rajjatī’’tiādīsu (ma. ni. 1.409) sabhāve. ‘‘Bahiddhā rūpāni passatī’’tiādīsu (dī. ni. 3.338; a. ni. 1.427-434) kasiṇāyatane. ‘‘Rūpī rūpāni passatī’’tiādīsu (dī. ni. 3.339; a. ni. 1.435-442) rūpajhāne. ‘‘Aṭṭhiñca paṭicca nhāruñca paṭicca maṃsañca paṭicca cammañca paṭicca ākāso parivārito rūpantveva saṅkhaṃ gacchatī’’tiādīsu (ma. ni. 1.306) rūpakāye. Idhāpi rūpakāyeva daṭṭhabbo. Samussayasaddopi aṭṭhīnaṃ sarīrassa pariyāyo. ‘‘Satanti samussayā’’tiādīsu aṭṭhisarīrapariyāye. ‘‘Āturaṃ asuciṃ pūtiṃ, passa nande samussaya’’ntiādīsu (theragā. 19) sarīre. Idhāpi sarīre eva daṭṭhabbo. Tena vuttaṃ – ‘‘rūpasamussaye’’ti, rūpasaṅkhāte samussaye sarīreti attho. Ṭhatvāti vacanaseso. Asmiṃ rūpasamussayeti hi imasmiṃ rūpasamussaye ṭhatvā imaṃ rūpakāyaṃ nissāya dasa putte vijāyitvāti yojanā. Tatoti tasmā dasaputtavijāyanahetu. Sā hi paṭhamavayaṃ atikkamitvā puttake vijāyantī anukkamena dubbalasarīrā jarājiṇṇā ca ahosi. Tena vuttaṃ ‘‘tatohaṃ dubbalā jiṇṇā’’ti.
此处“形色聚集”指形色在集聚之中。所谓形色,即以形色构成的聚合体。如经中说:“形色依于眼识与眼境而生起”。形色根所在称为色界处。如经释:“诸形色,过去、未来、现在俱具”的形色蕴,以及“有爱色,有有情色”等体性,亦如阿毗达摩中所论外在可见之形色境界。还有《大念处经》称形色依骨、肉、皮、毛以及包围其外之虚空而成形色身。形色所在,需于形色身观察。聚集声也是骨身之名。如说:骨身因聚集故满盈,病苦、不净及腐烂,亦于身观察。依此可知“形色聚集”,即指形色聚合体即身身义。这里“体”一词指其本体。所谓“在此形色聚集”,即以此形色聚集为依止,生育十子。所谓“生育”,即为因缘故生起十子,超越初生,子女依次相继出生,衰弱而老。经言:“于是我体衰弱而老”。
Tassāti tato, tassāti vā tassā santike. Puna tassāti karaṇe sāmivacanaṃ, tāyāti attho. Sikkhamānāyāti tissopi sikkhā sikkhamānā.
「之故」意为“于是”;「之故」亦有“在其近处”之意。又“之故”表示具足作用之谓,即“在近处”;“此故”意指因缘。修学者即指三者修学中之修学行为。
Anantarāvimokkhāsinti aggamaggassa anantarā uppannavimokkhā āsiṃ. Rūpī rūpāni passatītiādayo hi aṭṭhapi vimokkhā anantaravimokkhā nāma na honti. Maggānantaraṃ anuppattā hi phalavimokkhā phalasamāpattikāle pavattamānāpi paṭhamamaggānantarameva samuppattito taṃ upādāya anantaravimokkhā nāma, yathā maggasamādhi ānantarikasamādhīti vuccati. Anupādāya nibbutāti rūpādīsu kiñcipi aggahetvā kilesaparinibbānena nibbutā āsiṃ.
所谓“即刻解脱”者,指殊胜道处即刻发生之解脱。经中“形色见形色”等八种解脱称为“非即解脱”,因须经历。果位之解脱未曾生起,但在果位生起且持续现前时,即称“即刻解脱”,如道集中初成定即刻解脱之义。谓无依止地,断除所有烦恼涅槃入灭者,谓之“无依止即涅槃”。
Evaṃ vijjāttayaṃ vibhāvetvā arahattaphalena kūṭaṃ gaṇhantī udānetvā, idāni jarāya cirakālaṃ upaddutasarīraṃ vigarahantī saha vatthunā tassa samatikkantabhāvaṃ vibhāvetuṃ ‘‘pañcakkhandhā pariññātā’’ti osānagāthamāha. Tattha dhi tavatthu jare jammeti aṅgānaṃ sithilabhāvakaraṇādinā jare jamme lāmake hīne tava tuyhaṃ dhi atthu dhikāro hotu. Natthi dāni punabbhavoti tasmā tvaṃ mayā atikkantā abhibhūtāsīti adhippāyo.
如此参彻种种智慧,以阿拉汉果为巅峰,高举之,今应察,于老朽损坏之身与其破坏之物,共应观慧超越。故云“诸蕴皆已达”。其中“智慧之处,老朽与衰败”,指因肢体松弛所致老朽,所言“衰败”,是指你的自身,愿此智慧拥有权益。今无再生,意指你已超越我力所及,已被我征服,实乃此意。
Soṇātherīgāthāvaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā. · 索那长老尼偈注释完毕。
9. Bhaddākuṇḍalakesātherīgāthāvaṇṇanā9. 跋达昆达喇给萨长老尼偈注释
Lūnakesītiādikā bhaddāya kuṇḍalakesāya theriyā gāthā. Ayampi padumuttarassa bhagavato kāle haṃsavatīnagare kulagehe nibbattitvā viññutaṃ patvā ekadivasaṃ satthu santike dhammaṃ suṇantī satthāraṃ ekaṃ bhikkhuniṃ khippābhiññānaṃ aggaṭṭhāne ṭhapentaṃ disvā, adhikārakammaṃ katvā taṃ ṭhānantaraṃ patthetvā yāvajīvaṃ puññāni katvā kappasatasahassaṃ devamanussesu saṃsaritvā kassapabuddhakāle kikissa kāsirañño gehe sattannaṃ bhaginīnaṃ abbhantarā hutvā, vīsati vassasahassāni dasa sīlāni samādāya komāribrahmacariyaṃ carantī saṅghassa vasanapariveṇaṃ kāretvā, ekaṃ buddhantaraṃ sugatīsuyeva saṃsaritvā imasmiṃ buddhuppāde rājagahe seṭṭhikule nibbatti. Bhaddātissā nāmaṃ ahosi. Sā mahatā parivārena vaḍḍhamānā vayappattā, tasmiṃyeva nagare purohitassa puttaṃ sattukaṃ nāma coraṃ sahoḍḍhaṃ gahetvā rājāṇāya nagaraguttikena māretuṃ āghātanaṃ niyyamānaṃ, sīhapañjarena olokentī disvā paṭibaddhacittā hutvā sace taṃ labhāmi, jīvissāmi; no ce, marissāmīti sayane adhomukhī nipajji.
关于“卢纳迦”等女长老之歌,是在尊者波隆头陀时代,于鸿萨瓦提城中贵族家诞生,生后不久父母去世,一日近师听法,见法师正置持由禅定而得之通达,授受权柄安顿后,毕生修福,周游三界千万世。至迦耶佛时,居于祇树给孤独园。其名为波多提莎女长老。因大归依故而衰老,在当城中,婆罗门婆罗门祠祭诸子中,有一名为萨土卡之盗贼兄弟被捕,欲令国王以城官处执刑,时被狮笼注视,心自誓言:“若能获此人,必能长命;不能则死”。
Athassā pitā taṃ pavattiṃ sutvā ekadhītutāya balavasineho sahassalañjaṃ datvā upāyeneva coraṃ vissajjāpetvā gandhodakena nhāpetvā sabbābharaṇapaṭimaṇḍitaṃ kāretvā pāsādaṃ pesesi. Bhaddāpi paripuṇṇamanorathā atirekālaṅkārena alaṅkaritvā taṃ paricarati. Sattuko katipāhaṃ vītināmetvā tassā ābharaṇesu uppannalobho bhadde, ahaṃ nagaraguttikena gahitamattova corapapāte adhivatthāya devatāya ‘‘sacāhaṃ jīvitaṃ labhāmi, tuyhaṃ balikammaṃ upasaṃharissāmī’’ti patthanaṃ āyāciṃ, tasmā balikammaṃ sajjāpehīti. Sā ‘‘tassa manaṃ pūressāmī’’ti balikammaṃ sajjāpetvā sabbābharaṇavibhūsitā sāmikena saddhiṃ ekaṃ yānaṃ abhiruyha ‘‘devatāya balikammaṃ karissāmī’’ti corapapātaṃ abhiruhituṃ āraddhā.
彼时,该人的父亲闻知此事,便赠与一名强壮的女童厚赐一件华丽衣物,以此为方便诱使盗贼放弃盗贼行径,又以香水洗浴,并使其佩戴满载各种饰物的配饰,派遣她前往宫殿。女童名叫宝弟,比库尼,心愿圆满,华饰加身,侍奉其主。当时有一盗贼名叫七苦,放弃多次抢夺,他对宝弟饰物生起贪欲,意图盗窃。此盗贼因深爱宝弟,立誓若能活命,必将还其所盗。由此他施展盗贼手段,带她佩饰满身,二人登乘一车,准备行窃。
Sattuko cintesi – ‘‘sabbesu abhiruhantesu imissā ābharaṇaṃ gahetuṃ na sakkā’’ti parivārajanaṃ tattheva ṭhapetvā tameva balibhājanaṃ gāhāpetvā pabbataṃ abhiruhanto tāya saddhiṃ piyakathaṃ na kathesi. Sā iṅgiteneva tassādhippāyaṃ aññāsi. Sattuko, ‘‘bhadde, tava uttarasāṭakaṃ omuñcitvā kāyārūḷhapasādhanaṃ bhaṇḍikaṃ karohī’’ti. Sā, ‘‘sāmi, mayhaṃ ko aparādho’’ti? ‘‘Kiṃ nu maṃ, bāle,‘balikammatthaṃ āgato’ti saññaṃ karosi? Balikammāpadesena pana tava ābharaṇaṃ gahetuṃ āgato’’ti. ‘‘Kassa pana, ayya, pasādhanaṃ, kassa aha’’nti? ‘‘Nāhaṃ etaṃ vibhāgaṃ jānāmī’’ti . ‘‘Hotu, ayya, ekaṃ pana me adhippāyaṃ pūrehi, alaṅkataniyāmena ca āliṅgituṃ dehī’’ti. So ‘‘sādhū’’ti sampaṭicchi. Sā tena sampaṭicchitabhāvaṃ ñatvā purato āliṅgitvā pacchato āliṅgantī viya pabbatapapāte pātesi. So patitvā cuṇṇavicuṇṇaṃ ahosi. Tāya kataṃ acchariyaṃ disvā pabbate adhivatthā devatā kosallaṃ vibhāventī imā gāthā abhāsi –
七苦心想:“在所有攀登的地方中,这饰物不可轻易夺取。”于是他在此地设下障碍,诡计安置盗贼粮食,却没有与宝弟说过话。他通过手势暗示其盘算。七苦对宝弟说:“宝弟,解开你的上衣披风,制做一个躯体护具。”宝弟问:“师父,我有何过失?”七苦答:“你为何这个愚人误以为‘为盗贼之事而来’?盗贼之事正是为夺取你之饰物而来。”宝弟又疑问:“师父,这躯体护具究竟为何?是何来由?”七苦答:“我对此不知。”宝弟说:“那好,请师父先披上我的护具,用此仪饰护身。”七苦答:“好。”于是,宝弟知其心意,先在前面拥抱七苦,随后像拥抱一样,二人登山攀缘。七苦跌倒,身首四散,受伤严重。观此怪异景象,山中神祇出现,在山巅显灵,吟诵偈语曰:
‘‘Na hi sabbesu ṭhānesu, puriso hoti paṇḍito;
「人非在所有之处皆为智慧,
Itthīpi paṇḍitā hoti, tattha tattha vicakkhaṇā.
女性亦是智慧,应于各处多加谨慎。
‘‘Na hi sabbesu ṭhānesu, puriso hoti paṇḍito;
人非在所有之处皆为智慧,
Itthīpi paṇḍitā hoti, lahuṃ atthavicintikā’’ti. (apa. therī. 2.3.31-32);
女性亦为智慧,善于探求微妙之理。」(阿婆罗那·比库尼篇 2.3.31-32)
Tato bhaddā cintesi – ‘‘na sakkā mayā iminā niyāmena gehaṃ gantuṃ, itova gantvā ekaṃ pabbajjaṃ pabbajissāmī’’ti nigaṇṭhārāmaṃ gantvā nigaṇṭhe pabbajjaṃ yāci. Atha naṃ te āhaṃsu – ‘‘kena niyāmena pabbajjā hotū’’ti? ‘‘Yaṃ tumhākaṃ pabbajjāya uttamaṃ, tadeva karothā’’ti. Te ‘‘sādhū’’ti tassā tālaṭṭhinā kese luñcitvā pabbājesuṃ. Puna kesā vaḍḍhantā kuṇḍalāvaṭṭā hutvā vaḍḍhesuṃ. Tato paṭṭhāya sā kuṇḍalakesāti nāma jātā. Sā tattha uggahetabbaṃ samayaṃ vādamaggañca uggahetvā ‘‘ettakaṃ nāma ime jānanti, ito uttari viseso natthī’’ti ñatvā tato apakkamitvā yattha yattha paṇḍitā atthi, tattha tattha gantvā tesaṃ jānanasippaṃ uggahetvā attanā saddhiṃ kathetuṃ samatthaṃ adisvā yaṃ yaṃ gāmaṃ vā nigamaṃ vā pavisati, tassa dvāre vālukārāsiṃ katvā tattha jambusākhaṃ ṭhapetvā ‘‘yo mama vādaṃ āropetuṃ sakkoti, so imaṃ sākhaṃ maddatū’’ti samīpe ṭhitadārakānaṃ saññaṃ datvā vasanaṭṭhānaṃ gacchati. Sattāhampi jambusākhāya tatheva ṭhitāya taṃ gahetvā pakkamati.
于是善男子思惟:「我不能依此约束入家,今既已来,当独自出家弃家。」于是前往尼拘陀林园向尼拘陀比库请求出家。他等问他:「凭什么约束才能出家?」他说:「你们出家的最高约束,正是这个。」他们说:「善哉!」便用手指头缠绕其发而使之出家。后来其发愈长,形成卷曲的辫发不断增长。于是凭依此事,便有「卷发辫子」此名。于时须当获得适当时机,晓知辩才便能出现,乃至于此:「众生知晓此事,此上无更特异」的智见生起,然后离去,往诸有智慧者所在之处,各处前往,学习并获得其知识。能自如地与人共说所学。一入村镇,便在门口筑起沙堆,上面插置相枝,讲明:「能应承我所说者,请拉此枝。」赋予近处儿童号令权后,即入居止。七日之间,相枝一直竖立,时而被拿起,又返回。
Tena ca samayena amhākaṃ bhagavā loke uppajjitvā pavattitavaradhammacakko anupubbena sāvatthiṃ upanissāya jetavane viharati. Kuṇḍalakesāpi vuttanayena gāmanigamarājadhānīsu vicarantī sāvatthiṃ patvā nagaradvāre vālukārāsimhi jambusākhaṃ ṭhapetvā dārakānaṃ saññaṃ datvā sāvatthiṃ pāvisi.
此时世尊应时而生,转动善法轮初转法轮,依止舍卫城,在祗树给孤独园居住。那卷发辫子也随口传闻,在诸城镇乡村游行,来到舍卫城,于城门处沙堆之中插置相枝,给儿童号令,入舍卫城内。
Athāyasmā dhammasenāpati ekakova nagaraṃ pavisanto taṃ sākhaṃ disvā taṃ dametukāmo dārake pucchi – ‘‘kasmāyaṃ sākhā evaṃ ṭhapitā’’ti? Dārakā tamatthaṃ ārocesuṃ. Thero ‘‘yadi evaṃ imaṃ sākhaṃ maddathā’’ti āha. Dārakā taṃ maddiṃsu. Kuṇḍalakesā katabhattakiccā nagarato nikkhamantī taṃ sākhaṃ madditaṃ disvā ‘‘kenidaṃ maddita’’nti pucchitvā therena maddāpitabhāvaṃ ñatvā ‘‘apakkhiko vādo na sobhatī’’ti sāvatthiṃ pavisitvā vīthito vīthiṃ vicarantī ‘‘passeyyātha samaṇehi sakyaputtiyehi saddhiṃ mayhaṃ vāda’’nti ugghosetvā mahājanaparivutā aññatarasmiṃ rukkhamūle nisinnaṃ dhammasenāpatiṃ upasaṅkamitvā paṭisanthāraṃ katvā ekamantaṃ ṭhitā ‘‘kiṃ tumhehi mama jambusākhā maddāpitā’’ti pucchi. ‘‘Āma, mayā maddāpitā’’ti. ‘‘Evaṃ sante tumhehi saddhiṃ mayhaṃ vādo hotū’’ti. ‘‘Hotu, bhadde’’ti. ‘‘Kassa pucchā, kassa vissajjanā’’ti? ‘‘Pucchā nāma amhākaṃ pattā, tvaṃ yaṃ attano jānanakaṃ pucchā’’ti. Sā sabbameva attano jānanakaṃ vādaṃ pucchi. Thero taṃ sabbaṃ vissajjesi. Sā upari pucchitabbaṃ ajānantī tuṇhī ahosi. Atha naṃ thero āha – ‘‘tayā bahuṃ pucchitaṃ, mayampi taṃ ekaṃ pañhaṃ pucchāmā’’ti. ‘‘Pucchatha, bhante’’ti. Thero ‘‘ekaṃ nāma ki’’nti imaṃ pañhaṃ pucchi. Kuṇḍalakesā neva antaṃ na koṭiṃ passantī andhakāraṃ paviṭṭhā viya hutvā ‘‘na jānāmi, bhante’’ti āha. ‘‘Tvaṃ ettakampi ajānantī aññaṃ kiṃ jānissasī’’ti vatvā dhammaṃ desesi. Sā therassa pādesu patitvā, ‘‘bhante, tumhe saraṇaṃ gacchāmī’’ti āha. ‘‘Mā maṃ tvaṃ, bhadde, saraṇaṃ gaccha, sadevake loke aggapuggalaṃ bhagavantameva saraṇaṃ gacchā’’ti. ‘‘Evaṃ karissāmi, bhante’’ti sā sāyanhasamaye dhammadesanāvelāyaṃ satthu santikaṃ gantvā pañcapatiṭṭhitena vanditvā ekamantaṃ aṭṭhāsi. Satthā tassā ñāṇaparipākaṃ ñatvā –
这时法军将军独自进入一城,见那相枝,想要弄断。召儿童问曰:「此枝何以如此插置?」儿童如实回答。长老说:「如果你们能折断此枝。」儿童折断。见此辫子被断,原本做厨事者出城,见枝被断,即问长老断枝之因。知长老教导此事并非闲谈,进入城中街道来回行走道:「望同沙门、释迦子弟为我作辩论。」高声招呼,群众聚集,彼坐大树下之法军将军前来应答,站于一侧问:「你们可曾折断我那卷发枝?」对曰:「是,弟子所折。」曰:「既然如此,愿我们之辩论同此枝般成立。」曰:「愿如是。」曰:「疑问由谁,解答者谁?」曰:「疑问来自我等,解答由汝所问知父。」此皆为自己问之辩论。长老悉心作答。以上问者不解遂静默。长老曰:「既有众多提问,我亦欲提一问。」曰:「请问,长老。」长老曰:「一问为何?」提问者如陷黑暗,无所见,曰:「不知,长老。」长老称:「你尚不知此,何以知他。」遂以法教授。彼伏于长老足下曰:「长老,愿皈依于您。」曰:「勿皈依于我,须皈依在世尊中,世尊为正觉第一之人。」曰:「我将如是。」暮时听法毕,亲近世尊礼拜,退居一隅站立。世尊知彼慧成熟,言:
‘‘Sahassamapi ce gāthā, anatthapadasaṃhitā;
「即便有千首偈歌,含无益句;
Ekaṃ gāthāpadaṃ seyyo, yaṃ sutvā supasammatī’’ti. –
唯有一偈最佳,闻则安喜。」
Imaṃ gāthamāha. Gāthāpariyosāne yathāṭhitāva saha paṭisambhidāhi arahattaṃ pāpuṇi. Tena vuttaṃ apadāne (apa. therī 2.3.1-54) –
本偈言说。偈末得真谛,随其本意具足辩解而至阿拉汉果。此亦经藏中传记(Apa. Therī 2.3.1-54)中所说。
‘‘Padumuttaro nāma jino, sabbadhammāna pāragū;
『莲花相』名为圣者,通达诸法无上;
Ito satasahassamhi, kappe uppajji nāyako.
在这十万劫中,曾作为导师出世。
‘‘Tadāhaṃ haṃsavatiyaṃ, jātā seṭṭhikule ahuṃ;
彼时我生于天鹅氏族,乃富豪之家;
Nānāratanapajjote, mahāsukhasamappitā.
拥有各种珍宝之光,满具极大安乐。
‘‘Upetvā taṃ mahāvīraṃ, assosiṃ dhammadesanaṃ;
亲近那伟大圣者,曾闻其法义讲说;
Tato jātappasādāhaṃ, upesiṃ saraṇaṃ jinaṃ.
于此生起虔敬心,归依那贤明导师。
‘‘Tadā mahākāruṇiko, padumuttaranāmako;
当时,有位大慈大悲者,名为波度摩迦罗,他
Khippābhiññānamagganti, ṭhapesi bhikkhuniṃ subhaṃ.
迅速通过了通达诸法之道,为比库尼立下妙善法位。
‘‘Taṃ sutvā muditā hutvā, dānaṃ datvā mahesino;
闻知此事,他心欢喜欢喜,施与尊者礼物;
Nipacca sirasā pāde, taṃ ṭhānamabhipatthayiṃ.
俯首以顶觑足,恭敬地面向该法位。
‘‘Anumodi mahāvīro, bhadde yaṃ tebhipatthitaṃ;
伟大勇士随喜赞叹道:贤者所建立者,
Samijjhissati taṃ sabbaṃ, sukhinī hohi nibbutā.
必能消除一切烦恼,愿其安乐,证得涅槃。
‘‘Satasahassito kappe, okkākakulasambhavo;
一亿世劫之前,生起了乌鸦鸟类,
Gotamo nāma gottena, satthā loke bhavissati.
名为果德玛者,将来世间的老师。
‘‘Tassa dhammesu dāyādā, orasā dhammanimmitā;
其教法中应作准信,其法印记显现,
Bhaddākuṇḍalakesāti, hessati satthu sāvikā.
如美好耳珰之众教法,将成如来之弟子。
‘‘Tena kammena sukatena, cetanāpaṇidhīhi ca;
由于基于此清净善业及意志誓愿,
Jahitvā mānusaṃ dehaṃ, tāvatiṃsamagacchahaṃ.
舍弃人身,往十方去。
‘‘Tato cutā yāmamagaṃ, tatohaṃ tusitaṃ gatā;
于是我从彼处往夜叉道去,随后又到忉利天。
Tato ca nimmānaratiṃ, vasavattipuraṃ tato.
之后往欲界天中最尊贵的梵天宫殿去。
‘‘Yattha yatthūpapajjāmi, tassa kammassa vāhasā;
每到一处,我都承受那处所的业力载体;
Tattha tattheva rājūnaṃ, mahesittamakārayiṃ.
在那里立刻为诸天王兴建威严的宫殿。
‘‘Tato cutā manussesu, rājūnaṃ cakkavattinaṃ;
然后离开人间,为诸轮王、诸国王兴建壮丽宫殿;
Maṇḍalīnañca rājūnaṃ, mahesittamakārayiṃ.
为诸轮王及诸国王中的众王公建造宏伟宫室。
‘‘Sampattiṃ anubhotvāna, devesu mānusesu ca;
「体验富足,诸天人与世间众生,皆得安乐;
Sabbattha sukhitā hutvā, nekakappesu saṃsariṃ.
处处皆享幸福,于无数劫中轮回游行。
‘‘Imamhi bhaddake kappe, brahmabandhu mahāyaso;
「此善劫中,有一极为显赫的梵缘重生,名为咖萨巴,
Kassapo nāma gottena, uppajji vadataṃ varo.
他以世系出身,出生时即受称赞。
‘‘Upaṭṭhāko mahesissa, tadā āsi narissaro;
当时是大梵主的侍从,名叫那利沙罗,
Kāsirājā kikī nāma, bārāṇasipuruttame.
迦尸王名为吉吉,为巴拉纳西城中王者。」
‘‘Tassa dhītā catutthāsiṃ, bhikkhudāyīti vissutā;
『那时其第四女儿,当为比库之义,已被皈依;』
Dhammaṃ sutvā jinaggassa, pabbajjaṃ samarocayiṃ.
『闻法后,向尊者出家,欢喜奉行。』
‘‘Anujāni na no tāto, agāreva tadā mayaṃ;
『尊者于是答言:『我等当初尚未闻此,仍在家中;』
Vīsavassasahassāni, vicarimha atanditā.
『历经二万年,勤勤恳恳而行道。』
‘‘Komāribrahmacariyaṃ, rājakaññā sukhedhitā;
『此为王女,修习梵行,身心安乐;』
Buddhopaṭṭhānaniratā, muditā satta dhītaro.
『专心奉事佛陀,七女皆生欢喜。』
‘‘Samaṇī samaṇaguttā ca, bhikkhunī bhikkhudāyikā;
沙门是沙门的子女,比库尼是比库的赐予者;
Dhammā ceva sudhammā ca, sattamī saṅghadāyikā.
正法以及纯正法,乃众生的赐与者。
‘‘Khemā uppalavaṇṇā ca, paṭācārā ahaṃ tadā;
那时我游行期间身穿宽袍色如莲花,
Kisāgotamī dhammadinnā, visākhā hoti sattamī.
受果德玛所授法,维萨卡是众生的赐予者。
‘‘Tehi kammehi sukatehi, cetanāpaṇidhīhi ca;
凭借这些善行、这些善妙的意愿和誓愿,
Jahitvā mānusaṃ dehaṃ, tāvatiṃsamagacchahaṃ.
舍弃人身,往生天界已满三十岁。
‘‘Pacchime ca bhave dāni, giribbajapuruttame;
“在过去的生命里,此时我生于山麓岭地之乡,
Jātā seṭṭhikule phīte, yadāhaṃ yobbane ṭhitā.
在富足商贾之家中长大,正值青壮之年时。
‘‘Coraṃ vadhatthaṃ nīyantaṃ, disvā rattā tahiṃ ahaṃ;
我见盗贼被捕、即将被处决之夜,当时我便奋力戒备,
Pitā me taṃ sahassena, mocayitvā vadhā tato.
我父亲以千金赎我,令我脱离被杀之苦。
‘‘Adāsi tassa maṃ tāto, viditvāna manaṃ mama;
父亲救我时亲切说:‘儿啊,吾知你心,’
Tassāhamāsiṃ visaṭṭhā, atīva dayitā hitā.
我深以为然,感念父亲关爱无比,深爱护我。”
‘‘So me bhūsanalobhena, balimajjhāsayo diso;
「因我无贪于土地,心意居于中央,
Corappapātaṃ netvāna, pabbataṃ cetayī vadhaṃ.
未能捕获盗贼,反聚意于山岳谋害。」
‘‘Tadāhaṃ paṇamitvāna, sattukaṃ sukatañjalī;
「于是我合掌致礼,奉行正道,
Rakkhantī attano pāṇaṃ, idaṃ vacanamabraviṃ.
护持自身之手,作如是语言。」
‘‘Idaṃ suvaṇṇakeyūraṃ, muttā veḷuriyā bahū;
「此为黄金臂饰,及许多珠贝,
Sabbaṃ harassu bhaddante, mañca dāsīti sāvaya.
诸君悉皆夺取,勿令为奴,谨慎在此。」
‘‘Oropayassu kalyāṇī, mā bāḷhaṃ paridevasi;
『善哉,喻妇!勿苦恼愚痴难事,』
Na cāhaṃ abhijānāmi, ahantvā dhanamābhataṃ.
『我不曾知晓,杀害他人而得财富也无益,』
‘‘Yato sarāmi attānaṃ, yato pattosmi viññutaṃ;
『因为我远离自我之见,因为我已证知真理,』
Na cāhaṃ abhijānāmi, aññaṃ piyataraṃ tayā.
『我不曾知晓,有他人比女士更为可爱者。』
‘‘Ehi taṃ upagūhissaṃ, katvāna taṃ padakkhiṇaṃ;
『来,我将亲近你,围绕你而行,』
Na ca dāni puno atthi, mama tuyhañca saṅgamo.
『今后,我与你已无所争斗。』
‘‘Na hi sabbesu ṭhānesu, puriso hoti paṇḍito;
「人不可能在一切处所都成为智慧者;
Itthīpi paṇḍitā hoti, tattha tattha vicakkhaṇā.
女性也有智慧者,彼此在各处俱是通达之人。」
‘‘Na hi sabbesu ṭhānesu, puriso hoti paṇḍito;
「人不可能在一切处所都成为智慧者;
Itthīpi paṇḍitā hoti, lahuṃ atthavicintikā.
女性也有智慧者,但多是轻薄不深思者。」
‘‘Lahuñca vata khippañca, nikaṭṭhe samacetayiṃ;
「确实轻薄且急促的人,能迅速地促使邻近者和睦相处;
Migaṃ uṇṇā yathā evaṃ, tadāhaṃ sattukaṃ vadhiṃ.
正如麻雀一样,我亦能击杀活物。」
‘‘Yo ca uppatitaṃ atthaṃ, na khippamanubujjhati;
『若有人所生起之义,不能速即了解,』
So haññate mandamati, corova girigabbhare.
『此人如愚痴,犹如山腹之盗贼而已。』
‘‘Yo ca uppatitaṃ atthaṃ, khippameva nibodhati;
『若有人所生起之义,能够快速了知,』
Muccate sattusambādhā, tadāhaṃ sattukā yathā.
『则能断脱诸苦缠缚,如同脱离苦难者。』
‘‘Tadāhaṃ pātayitvāna, giriduggamhi sattukaṃ;
『于是我令苦痛离去,去往山中之苦地,』
Santikaṃ setavatthānaṃ, upetvā pabbajiṃ ahaṃ.
『亲近出世清净之所,升起勇猛出离心,离俗出家。』
‘‘Saṇḍāsena ca kese me, luñcitvā sabbaso tadā;
『以手指抓挠我的头发,将其全部掀起;』
Pabbajitvāna samayaṃ, ācikkhiṃsu nirantaraṃ.
『出家之时,他们不断示现此等情状;』
‘‘Tato taṃ uggahetvāhaṃ, nisīditvāna ekikā;
『于是我将其抓起,独自坐下;』
Samayaṃ taṃ vicintesiṃ, suvāno mānusaṃ karaṃ.
『时常思惟那一会,安稳而持守人身。』
‘‘Chinnaṃ gayha samīpe me, pātayitvā apakkami;
『拔断近旁的发丝,将其抛下然后离去;』
Disvā nimittamalabhiṃ, hatthaṃ taṃ puḷavākulaṃ.
『见此相状后,手中执着箭簇与箭柄。』
‘‘Tato uṭṭhāya saṃviggā, apucchiṃ sahadhammike;
于是他起身,心神不安地询问同行的同法者:
Te avocuṃ vijānanti, taṃ atthaṃ sakyabhikkhavo.
他们回答说:比库们啊,知晓此义者是如此。
‘‘Sāhaṃ tamatthaṃ pucchissaṃ, upetvā buddhasāvake;
我将就此义提问,亲近佛陀的弟子们已来到,
Te mamādāya gacchiṃsu, buddhaseṭṭhassa santikaṃ.
他们接纳我一起前往,至坚定尊贵的佛陀面前。
‘‘So me dhammamadesesi, khandhāyatanadhātuyo;
彼为我开示法门,关于五蕴(身心)六入(根处)十二界,
Asubhāniccadukkhāti, anattāti ca nāyako.
揭示其为不净、苦、无我三法的本质所在。
‘‘Tassa dhammaṃ suṇitvāhaṃ, dhammacakkhuṃ visodhayiṃ;
“我闻此法时,净清法眼;
Tato viññātasaddhammā, pabbajjaṃ upasampadaṃ.
然后心识与法相应,出家得道;
‘‘Āyācito tadā āha, ehi bhaddeti nāyako;
当时他来求请,道友欢迎;
Tadāhaṃ upasampannā, parittaṃ toyamaddasaṃ.
我彼时已具戒,饮水得护;
‘‘Pādapakkhālanenāhaṃ, ñatvā saudayabbayaṃ;
由足洗凉,了知痛苦销灭;
Tathā sabbepi saṅkhāre, īdisaṃ cintayiṃ tadā.
于是对诸行法,依此生思惟。”
‘‘Tato cittaṃ vimucci me, anupādāya sabbaso;
于是心智完全解脱,无有任何执著。
Khippābhiññānamaggaṃ me, tadā paññāpayī jino.
当时得证迅速通达之正道,彼世尊将之开示。
‘‘Iddhīsu ca vasī homi, dibbāya sotadhātuyā;
我能施展神通,拥有天眼,乃天耳根。
Paracittāni jānāmi, satthusāsanakārikā.
能知他心,了达世尊所教法义。
‘‘Pubbenivāsaṃ jānāmi, dibbacakkhu visodhitaṃ;
知晓前世宿命,天眼已澄清明朗。
Khepetvā āsave sabbe, visuddhāsiṃ sunimmalā.
除灭了所有染污,净化无垢清净至极。
‘‘Pariciṇṇo mayā satthā, kataṃ buddhassa sāsanaṃ;
『导师已被我侍奉,何为佛陀之教法?』
Ohito garuko bhāro, bhavanetti samūhatā.
『沉重的重担已卸下,烦恼界已被战胜。』
‘‘Yassatthāya pabbajitā, agārasmānagāriyaṃ;
『因追求此义而出家,远离家宅、弃绝俗务;』
So me attho anuppatto, sabbasaṃyojanakkhayo.
『此义我已证得,断除一切束缚。』
‘‘Atthadhammaniruttīsu, paṭibhāne tatheva ca;
『在义理阐述上,理解迅速且确切;』
Ñāṇaṃ me vimalaṃ suddhaṃ, buddhaseṭṭhassa sāsane.
『智慧纯净无染清净,在佛陀至尊教法中。』
‘‘Kilesā jhāpitā mayhaṃ…pe… kataṃ buddhassa sāsana’’nti.
『烦恼已被净灭于我之中……所作所为皆为佛陀教法』如是说。
Arahattaṃ pana patvā tāvadeva pabbajjaṃ yāci. Satthā tassā pabbajjaṃ anujāni. Sā bhikkhunupassayaṃ gantvāna pabbajitvā phalasukhena nibbānasukhena ca vītināmentī attano paṭipattiṃ paccavekkhitvā udānavasena –
然得阿拉汉果之后,她即向佛陀请求出家。世尊准许了她的出家。她前往比库尼道场出家后,观察自身修行,寂灭于果乐涅槃之乐中,遂自省自身的修行,于颂歌中说道——
§107
107.
(颂歌序号)一百零七。
‘‘Lūnakesī paṅkadharī, ekasāṭī pure cariṃ;
『长发披散、满是泥污,昔日独自一人在城中游行;
Avajje vajjamatinī, vajje cāvajjadassinī.
她被众人轻视,她也轻视那些轻视她的人。
§108
108.
(颂歌序号)一百零八。
‘‘Divāvihārā nikkhamma, gijjhakūṭamhi pabbate;
白昼外出游行,于蛙山山峰之上,
Addasaṃ virajaṃ buddhaṃ, bhikkhusaṅghapurakkhataṃ.
见净洁的佛陀,乃比库僧团带首,
§109
109.
‘‘Nihacca jāṇuṃ vanditvā, sammukhā añjaliṃ akaṃ;
屈膝敬礼,面向佛陀合掌,
Ehi bhaddeti maṃ avaca, sā me āsūpasampadā.
佛言:‘来吧,吉祥者’,此即我的安慰与满足。
§110
110.
‘‘Ciṇṇā aṅgā ca magadhā, vajjī kāsī ca kosalā;
「切断的肢体有摩揭陀、伐阇、迦尸及国萨拉诸地,
Anakā paṇṇāsa vassāni, raṭṭhapiṇḍaṃ abhuñjahaṃ.
我未曾享用过五十余年的国家食粮。」
§111
111.
‘‘Puññaṃ vata pasavi bahuṃ, sappañño vatāyaṃ upāsako;
「善逝啊,许多功德,善护持此正智的居士;
Yo bhaddāya cīvaraṃ adāsi, vippamuttāya sabbaganthehī’’ti. –
彼为解脱,在众结缚中,布施了善法衣。」
Imā gāthā abhāsi.
以上偈语如是说。
Tattha lūnakesīti lūnā luñcitā kesā mayhanti lūnakesī, nigaṇṭhesu pabbajjāya tālaṭṭhinā luñcitakesā, taṃ sandhāya vadati. Paṅkadharīti dantakaṭṭhassa akhādanena dantesu malapaṅkadhāraṇato paṅkadharī. Ekasāṭīti nigaṇṭhacārittavasena ekasāṭikā. Pure carinti pubbe nigaṇṭhī hutvā evaṃ vicariṃ. Avajje vajjamatinīti nhānucchādanadantakaṭṭhakhādanādike anavajje sāvajjasaññī. Vajje cāvajjadassinīti mānamakkhapalāsavipallāsādike sāvajje anavajjadiṭṭhī.
言及“lūnakesī”者,指头发油脂污垢者,意即头发糠秕附着污垢者。谓新入尼众者发上如糠坠污垢者,此乃尼众出家时因剪发留下发根未净之象,据此为称。所谓“paṅkadharī”者,谓因咬断牙或牙具产生不洁污秽,此谓“paṅkadharī”。“ekasāṭī”者,以尼众戒行观,此类尼众为独身守戒之行者。昔日此类尼众,曾为尼众而行于世。所谓“不敬”即“不净”意,涵盖沐浴不净、咬断牙齿等类污秽行为,因此被视为不敬,而敬者则不为此等污染所染。“vajje cāvajjadassinī”者,谓心存傲慢、谤法失敬者,即有慢心、恶见、及三恶重染亦成不敬之根源。
Divāvihārā nikkhammāti attano divāvihāraṭṭhānato nikkhamitvā. Ayampi ṭhitamajjhanhikavelāyaṃ therena samāgatā tassa pañhassa vissajjanena dhammadesanāya ca nihatamānadabbā pasannamānasā hutvā satthu santikaṃ upasaṅkamitukāmāva attano vasanaṭṭhānaṃ gantvā divāṭṭhāne nisīditvā sāyanhasamaye satthu santikaṃ upasaṅkamitvā.
“divāvihārā nikkhammāti”者,谓离自身日间住止处也。此义由长老中间闲暇时分,集结于世尊前,镇静安心,心怀欢喜,静默安详,生起欢喜欲近世尊,于是往自身住处而坐,至傍晚时分,再诣世尊前。
Nihacca jāṇuṃ vanditvāti jāṇudvayaṃ pathaviyaṃ nihantvā patiṭṭhapetvā pañcapatiṭṭhitena vanditvā. Sammukhā añjaliṃ akanti satthu sammukhā dasanakhasamodhānasamujjalaṃ añjaliṃ akāsiṃ. Ehi, bhaddeti maṃ avaca, sā me āsūpasampadāti yaṃ maṃ bhagavā arahattaṃ patvā pabbajjañca upasampadañca yācitvā ṭhitaṃ ‘‘ehi, bhadde, bhikkhunupassayaṃ gantvā bhikkhunīnaṃ santike pabbaja upasampajjassū’’ti avaca āṇāpesi. Sā satthu āṇā mayhaṃ upasampadāya kāraṇattā upasampadā āsi ahosi.
“nihacca jāṇuṃ vanditvā”者,谓先放置双膝于地,然后恭敬稳重地而立,以五处支撑身体,向世尊合掌顶礼。合掌时心光明如破除十指甲污垢的清洗光华。世尊呼喊我曰:“来,善士。”我因求得世尊祇承了出家与受戒之行为,应声而来。她因世尊之召唤,成为我受比库尼具戒的助缘,此即受戒成就之缘由。
Ciṇṇātiādikā dve gāthā aññābyākaraṇagāthā. Tattha ciṇṇā aṅgā ca magadhāti ye ime aṅgā ca magadhā ca vajjī ca kāsī ca kosalā ca janapadā pubbe sāṇāya mayā raṭṭhapiṇḍaṃ bhuñjantiyā ciṇṇā caritā, tesuyeva satthārā samāgamato paṭṭhāya anaṇā niddosā apagatakilesā hutvā paññāsa saṃvaccharāni raṭṭhapiṇḍaṃ abhuñjiṃ ahaṃ.
有称“ciṇṇātiādikā”为两首无旁白之偈文,指的是前述有名的两首偈。此中“ciṇṇā”即为诸邦之名,分别是昂伽、玛加达、伐尸、迦尸、萨罗及国萨拉等地,乃古时众多国邦先前依旧旧有政权于此地生活。彼时,亦有与世尊相应正法相应相契而得无垢净慧,修习五十年法行,不染污垢而保持清凈。
Yena abhippasannamānasena upāsakena attano cīvaraṃ dinnaṃ, tassa puññavisesakittanamukhena aññaṃ byākarontī ‘‘puññaṃ vata pasavī bahu’’nti osānagāthamāha. Sā suviññeyyāva.
彼时,有一在家居士,以清净庄严之功德瑞相特异而声名远扬,他人称赞说:“妇人果然福德清净殊胜。”此种称誉极为珍贵。
Bhaddākuṇḍalakesātherīgāthāvaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā. · 跋德咖昆德喇盖萨长老尼偈注释完毕。
10. Paṭācārātherīgāthāvaṇṇanā10. 巴德佳拉长老尼偈注释
Naṅgalehi kasaṃ khettantiādikā paṭācārāya theriyā gāthā. Ayampi padumuttarassa bhagavato kāle haṃsavatīnagare kulagehe nibbattitvā viññutaṃ patvā, ekadivasaṃ satthu santike dhammaṃ suṇantī satthāraṃ ekaṃ bhikkhuniṃ vinayadharānaṃ aggaṭṭhāne ṭhapentaṃ disvā, adhikārakammaṃ katvā taṃ ṭhānantaraṃ patthesi. Sā yāvajīvaṃ kusalaṃ katvā devamanussesu saṃsarantī kassapabuddhakāle kikissa kāsirañño gehe paṭisandhiṃ gahetvā sattannaṃ bhaginīnaṃ abbhantarā hutvā vīsati vassasahassāni brahmacariyaṃ caritvā bhikkhusaṅghassa pariveṇaṃ akāsi. Sā tato cutā devaloke nibbattā, ekaṃ buddhantaraṃ dibbasampattiṃ anubhavitvā imasmiṃ buddhuppāde sāvatthiyaṃ seṭṭhigehe nibbattitvā vayappattā attano gehe ekena kammakārena saddhiṃ kilesasanthavaṃ akāsi. Taṃ mātāpitaro samajātikassa kumārassa dātuṃ divasaṃ saṇṭhapesuṃ. Taṃ ñatvā sā hatthasāraṃ gahetvā tena katasanthavena purisena saddhiṃ aggadvārena nikkhamitvā ekasmiṃ gāmake vasantī gabbhinī ahosi. Sā paripakke gabbhe ‘‘kiṃ idha anāthavāsena, kulagehaṃ gacchāma, sāmī’’ti vatvā tasmiṃ ‘‘ajja gacchāma, sve gacchāmā’’ti kālakkhepaṃ karonte ‘‘nāyaṃ bālo maṃ nessatī’’ti tasmiṃ bahi gate gehe paṭisāmetabbaṃ paṭisāmetvā ‘‘kulagharaṃ gatāti mayhaṃ sāmikassa kathethā’’ti paṭivissakagharavāsīnaṃ ācikkhitvā ‘‘ekikāva kulagharaṃ gamissāmī’’ti maggaṃ paṭipajji . So āgantvā gehe taṃ apassanto paṭivissake pucchitvā ‘‘kulagharaṃ gatā’’ti sutvā ‘‘maṃ nissāya kuladhītā anāthā jātā’’ti padānupadaṃ gantvā sampāpuṇi. Tassā antarāmagge eva gabbhavuṭṭhānaṃ ahosi. Sā pasutakālato paṭṭhāya paṭippassaddhagamanussukkā sāmikaṃ gahetvā nivatti. Dutiyavārampi gabbhinī ahosītiādi sabbaṃ purimanayeneva vitthāretabbaṃ.
关于“naṅgalehi kasaṃ khettanti”等颂文,是比库尼德尼玛前于哈姆萨瓦提城豪门出生,觉醒后听法,见证持守律藏,行持正法,并执行诸多善业,终身行善,历经二千年修行,在比库尼僧团中受人敬仰。她临终时生于天界,经历佛法兴盛之际,以天界功德降生于一富贵之家。生于父母、兄弟、族人之间,出家后,由恩师第一引导,使其承继净戒法行。怀孕时,母亲对其说:“何故孤儿居此,我们同往族宅。”其对答:“今日即往家中。”稍后家人出迎,知此女为寡妇,遂回归族中,进住族宅,以遵守教法之身在宅中修行。她胎动之日为深夜,生时安详、稳重,夫君亦悉心照料,仍以戒身净修为本。后述此诸事实,皆应详尽记述于前行传记中。
Ayaṃ pana viseso – yadā tassā antarāmagge kammajavātā caliṃsu, tadā mahāakālamegho udapādi. Samantato vijjulatāhi ādittaṃ viya meghathanitehi bhijjamānaṃ viya ca udakadhārānipātanirantaraṃ nabhaṃ ahosi. Sā taṃ disvā, ‘‘sāmi, me anovassakaṃ ṭhānaṃ jānāhī’’ti āha. So ito cito ca olokento ekaṃ tiṇasañchannaṃ gumbaṃ disvā tattha gantvā hatthagatāya vāsiyā tasmiṃ gumbe daṇḍake chinditukāmo tiṇehi sañchāditavammikasīsante uṭṭhitarukkhadaṇḍakaṃ chindi. Tāvadeva ca naṃ tato vammikato nikkhamitvā ghoraviso āsīviso ḍaṃsi. So tattheva patitvā kālamakāsi. Sā mahādukkhaṃ anubhavantī tassa āgamanaṃ olokentī dvepi dārake vātavuṭṭhiṃ asahamāne viravante urantare katvā, dvīhi jāṇukehi dvīhi hatthehi ca bhūmiṃ uppīḷetvā yathāṭhitāva rattiṃ vītināmetvā vibhātāya rattiyā maṃsapesivaṇṇaṃ ekaṃ puttaṃ pilotikacumbaṭake nipajjāpetvā hatthehi urehi ca pariggahetvā, itaraṃ ‘‘ehi, tāta, pitā te ito gato’’ti vatvā sāmikena gatamaggena gacchantī taṃ vammikasamīpe kālaṅkataṃ nisinnaṃ disvā ‘‘maṃ nissāya mama sāmiko mato’’ti rodantī paridevantī sakalarattiṃ devena vuṭṭhattā jaṇṇukappamāṇaṃ thanappamāṇaṃ udakaṃ savantiṃ antarāmagge nadiṃ patvā, attano mandabuddhitāya dubbalatāya ca dvīhi dārakehi saddhiṃ udakaṃ otarituṃ avisahantī jeṭṭhaputtaṃ orimatīre ṭhapetvā itaraṃ ādāya paratīraṃ gantvā sākhābhaṅgaṃ attharitvā tattha pilotikacumbaṭake nipajjāpetvā ‘‘itarassa santikaṃ gamissāmī’’ti bālaputtakaṃ pahātuṃ asakkontī punappunaṃ nivattitvā olokayamānā nadiṃ otarati.
此事的特殊之处在于:当时她处于院落深处,因业风流动,忽然降下了一场大时云。四周闪电交加,宛如被点燃的火焰一般,闪电和水滴不断从天空降落。她见此景象,便说:“善逝,我知道我寒冬的去处了。”他左右观望,见到一个草丛覆盖的茅屋,便前往,欲以手采割屋前用草堆叠而成的蚁堆中的枝枯树枝,以备取火。正当此时,一只蚁虫从里面出入后,又被一只毒蜱蜘蛛咬伤。他突然倒地,犹如大时云霜般死亡。她见此大苦,观望其来,两个孩童因承受风吹雨打而疲惫虚弱,在旷野中跑跳玩耍。用双膝和双手将地面践踏,将略带肉色的夜晚铺展,将一个婴儿放入布制的小篮中,用手搂抱其胸,又对他道:“来吧,孩子,父亲从那里去了。”她随行丈夫进入山谷,见坐于破草棚旁沾染尘垢者,哭喊道:“依靠我,我的丈夫看护着我。”整晚痛哭哀伤。神已起舞,婴儿如箭一般从山谷之间的水中滑落入河。因自身愚昧无智和软弱,和两个孩童一同下水,却无法游上岸。她将年长儿安放于河岸,携另一个儿子渡过河流,折断树枝,安置于布篮中说:“我要带他去别人那里。”但幼儿无法丢弃,不断返回,边返边观望河流,最后渡过河水。
Athassā nadīmajjhaṃ gatakāle eko seno taṃ dārakaṃ disvā ‘‘maṃsapesī’’ti saññāya ākāsato bhassi. Sā taṃ disvā ubho hatthe ukkhipitvā ‘‘sūsū’’ti tikkhattuṃ mahāsaddaṃ nicchāresi. Seno dūrabhāvena taṃ anādiyanto kumāraṃ gahetvā vehāsaṃ uppati. Orimatīre ṭhito putto ubho hatthe ukkhipitvā mahāsaddaṃ nicchārayamānaṃ disvā ‘‘maṃ sandhāya vadatī’’ti saññāya vegena udake pati. Iti bālaputtako senena, jeṭṭhaputtako udakena hato. Sā ‘‘eko me putto senena gahito, eko udakena vūḷho, panthe me pati mato’’ti rodantī paridevantī gacchantī sāvatthito āgacchantaṃ ekaṃ purisaṃ disvā pucchi – ‘‘kattha vāsikosi, tātā’’ti? ‘‘Sāvatthivāsikomhi, ammā’’ti. ‘‘Sāvatthiyaṃ asukavīthiyaṃ asukakulaṃ nāma atthi, taṃ jānāsi, tātā’’ti? ‘‘Jānāmi, amma, taṃ pana mā pucchi, aññaṃ pucchā’’ti. ‘‘Aññena me payojanaṃ natthi, tadeva pucchāmi, tātā’’ti. ‘‘Amma, tvaṃ attano anācikkhituṃ na desi, ajja te sabbarattiṃ devo vassanto diṭṭho’’ti? ‘‘Diṭṭho me, tāta, mayhameva so sabbarattiṃ vuṭṭho, taṃ kāraṇaṃ pacchā kathessāmi, etasmiṃ tāva me seṭṭhigehe pavattiṃ kathehī’’ti. ‘‘Amma, ajja rattiyaṃ seṭṭhi ca bhariyā ca seṭṭhiputto cāti tayopi jane avattharamānaṃ gehaṃ pati, te ekacitakāyaṃ jhāyanti, svāyaṃ dhūmo paññāyati, ammā’’ti. Sā tasmiṃ khaṇe nivatthavatthampi patamānaṃ na sañjāni. Sokummattattaṃ patvā jātarūpeneva –
当她涉水至河中时,有一支军队士兵见到那个孩子,认作“肉色者”。她见其举双手,大声吮吸发出尖锐响声。士兵远远地不加理会,拽起孩子,扬起尘土。站于岸边的儿子举双手发出巨大响声,似含义“与我会合”。他迅速地潜入水中寻父。如此,幼儿被军队夺去,年长儿被水夺去,两个儿子都死亡。她痛哭悲伤,哭诉“我有一儿被军队夺去,一被水夺去,我父亲死于路上。”悲痛万分前往沙瓦提,遇见一位男子,问道:“您住在哪里,父亲?”答曰:“我住在沙瓦提,母亲。”问:“沙瓦提有一条病巷和病村庄,你知道吗,父亲?”答:“知道,母亲,但请勿问此,问别的吧。”问:“我无他因,只问此,父亲。”答:“母亲,你不可自寻烦恼,今夜你将见神。”答曰:“已见,父亲,我在场,他整夜守护我,原因以后我会说。我正住在贵族之家。”答曰:“母亲,今夜主和主妇及长子等人,也都对你房屋构成危害,居家者都在察觉,屋中起烟,母亲。”她在那时跌倒下去,竟无所觉。倒地如纯白金刚身般无知,
‘‘Ubho puttā kālaṅkatā, panthe mayhaṃ patī mato;
“两个儿子皆被玷污,父亲死于途中;
Mātā pitā ca bhātā ca, ekacitamhi ḍayhare’’ti. (apa. therī 2.2.498) –
母亲、父亲与兄弟,皆同死在一日。”(长老比库尼传第二卷第二百九十八页)
Vilapantī paribbhamati.
她哭泣徘徊。
Tato paṭṭhāya tassā nivāsanamattenapi paṭena acaraṇato patitācārattā paṭācārātveva samaññā ahosi. Taṃ disvā manussā ‘‘gaccha, ummattike’’ti keci kacavaraṃ matthake khipanti, aññe paṃsuṃ okiranti, apare leḍḍuṃ khipanti. Satthā jetavane mahāparisāmajjhe nisīditvā dhammaṃ desento taṃ tathā paribbhamantiṃ disvā ñāṇaparipākañca oloketvā yathā vihārābhimukhī āgacchati, tathā akāsi. Parisā taṃ disvā ‘‘imissā ummattikāya ito āgantuṃ mādatthā’’ti āha. ‘‘Bhagavā mā naṃ vārayitthā’’ti vatvā avidūraṭṭhānaṃ āgatakāle ‘‘satiṃ paṭilabha bhaginī’’ti āha. Sā tāvadeva buddhānubhāvena satiṃ paṭilabhitvā nivatthavatthassa patitabhāvaṃ sallakkhetvā hirottappaṃ paccupaṭṭhapetvā ukkuṭikaṃ upanisajjāya nisīdi. Eko puriso uttarasāṭakaṃ khipi. Sā taṃ nivāsetvā satthāraṃ upasaṅkamitvā pañcapatiṭṭhitena vanditvā, ‘‘bhante, avassayo me hotha, ekaṃ me puttaṃ seno gaṇhi, eko udakena vūḷho, panthe pati mato, mātāpitaro bhātā ca gehena avatthaṭā matā ekacitakasmiṃ jhāyantī’’ti sā sokakāraṇaṃ ācikkhi. Satthā ‘‘paṭācāre, mā cintayi, tava avassayo bhavituṃ samatthasseva santikaṃ āgatāsi. Yathā hi tvaṃ idāni puttādīnaṃ maraṇanimittaṃ assūni pavattesi, evaṃ anamatagge saṃsāre puttādīnaṃ maraṇahetu pavattitaṃ assu catunnaṃ mahāsamuddānaṃ udakato bahutara’’nti dassento –
后来,她清醒过来,虽居于屋中,却因身败行恶而受报堕落,堕为堕落之人。世人见此,或呼叫“走吧,疯人”,有人乱扔石块,有人掷泥巴,有人抛掷石头。世尊坐于揭德林大僧众中讲法,见她在一旁徘徊,已达到智慧成熟的境界,便往寮舍方向前去,对众开示。众见她,劝说:“不要让这疯子从这里进来。”她说:“佛陀不曾阻止我。”不久她来到舍内,佛告诫她:“得持正念,我的姐姐。”她便获得正念,察觉自己堕落为堕落者,除去羞耻心和恐惧心,坐于石座之上。有人从北近处匆匆赶来,她让其安歇。那人向佛靠近,五体恭敬,称曰:“尊者,我有愿望。我的一个儿子为军队夺去,一个因水死,父亲死于路上,母亲和兄弟们为此伤心,家中忧愁烦扰。”遂陈述其忧。佛陀说:“汝莫忧虑,汝愿望必成,且我已临近。你现在悲恸儿女的死因,轮回中儿女死亡之因已生起,如同众多大海水流之众多哀伤一般。”佛以此教导。
‘‘Catūsu samuddesu jalaṃ parittakaṃ, tato bahuṃ assujalaṃ anappakaṃ;
四大海中水为防护,其间多为污浊不净;
Dukkhena phuṭṭhassa narassa socanā, kiṃ kāraṇā amma tuvaṃ pamajjasī’’ti. (dha. pa. aṭṭha. 1.112 paṭācārātherīvatthu) –
苦受触者心生悲伤,何因尔何懈怠乎?(摘自《法句经》及《乞食女尼传》中诗句)-
Gāthaṃ abhāsi.
诗句如是说。
Evaṃ satthari anamataggapariyāyakathaṃ (saṃ. ni. 2.125-126) kathente tassā soko tanutarabhāvaṃ agamāsi. Atha naṃ tanubhūtasokaṃ ñatvā ‘‘paṭācāre, puttādayo nāma paralokaṃ gacchantassa tāṇaṃ vā leṇaṃ vā saraṇaṃ vā bhavituṃ na sakkontī’’ti vijjamānāpi te na santi eva, tasmā paṇḍitena attano sīlaṃ visodhetvā nibbānagāmimaggoyeva sādhetabboti dassento –
如来以无上正等正觉之辞表现,述说此事时,她的忧愁轻微减退。及至此忧愁显现,知之曰:『离散之人,诸子等皆不足以成为往生彼方的救助、依止与庇护』,虽已觉悟亦未安住,于是智者展示净修戒行法,指引其修行涅槃之道以除忧愁,示言-
‘‘Na santi puttā tāṇāya, na pitā nāpi bandhavā;
『子非救护之因,父亦非眷属所依;
Antakenādhipannassa, natthi ñātīsu tāṇatā.
愚昧所纵者,亲属间无救护可言。』
‘‘Etamatthavasaṃ ñatvā, paṇḍito sīlasaṃvuto;
『了知此意者』,即为智者,持戒具足;
Nibbānagamanaṃ maggaṃ, khippameva visodhaye’’ti. (dha. pa. 288-289) –
『涅槃之道』,谓通向灭尽之途,迅速而净化心性。
Imāhi gāthāhi dhammaṃ desesi. Desanāvasāne paṭācārā sotāpattiphale patiṭṭhahitvā satthāraṃ pabbajjaṃ yāci. Satthā taṃ bhikkhunīnaṃ santikaṃ netvā pabbājesi. Sā laddhūpasampadā uparimaggatthāya vipassanāya kammaṃ karontī ekadivasaṃ ghaṭena udakaṃ ādāya pāde dhovantī udakaṃ āsiñci. Taṃ thokaṃ ṭhānaṃ gantvā pacchijji, dutiyavāraṃ āsittaṃ tato dūraṃ agamāsi, tatiyavāraṃ āsittaṃ tatopi dūrataraṃ agamāsi. Sā tadeva ārammaṇaṃ gahetvā tayo vaye paricchinditvā ‘‘mayā paṭhamaṃ āsittaudakaṃ viya ime sattā paṭhamavayepi maranti, tato dūraṃ gataṃ dutiyavāraṃ āsittaṃ udakaṃ viya majjhimavayepi, tato dūrataraṃ gataṃ tatiyavāraṃ āsittaṃ udakaṃ viya pacchimavayepi marantiyevā’’ti cintesi. Satthā gandhakuṭiyaṃ nisinnova obhāsaṃ pharitvā tassā sammukhe ṭhatvā kathento viya ‘‘evametaṃ, paṭācāre, sabbepime sattā maraṇadhammā, tasmā pañcannaṃ khandhānaṃ udayabbayaṃ apassantassa vassasataṃ jīvato taṃ passantassa ekāhampi ekakkhaṇampi jīvitaṃ seyyo’’ti imamatthaṃ dassento –
借此偈语宣说法义。于开示结束时,长行者向德行淳厚之比库尼请求出家。导师引领其至比库尼众所,令其出家。比库尼得授受具足戒,为上道修正观法行一日,持器取水洗足,洒水成污。至其积秽处,第一次坐下,之后远离;第二次坐下,又再远离;第三次坐下,远离尤甚。彼以此处为缘,破坏三折三次之水,思惟:“如我第一次坐下之水,众生于初果亦如是死灭;及远处第二次水,众生如中果而死;更远处第三次水,众生如后果而死。”导师坐于香室光明处,面对其,以教诲之语说:“长行者,此众生皆属死法,故彼五蕴之生灭不见者,活百年者不及见者,活者亦无一刹那能过于此。”示现此义——
‘‘Yo ca vassasataṃ jīve, apassaṃ udayabbayaṃ;
「若生百年,不见生灭,不及一日之生者,见者之生灭更胜一日。」
Ekāhaṃ jīvitaṃ seyyo, passato udayabbaya’’nti. (dha. pa. 113) –
(《法句经·巴利文注疏》113偈)
Gāthamāha. Gāthāpariyosāne paṭācārā saha paṭisambhidāhi arahattaṃ pāpuṇi. Tena vuttaṃ apadāne (apa. therī 2.2.468-511) –
此偈宣说毕,长行者与长行比库尼共证阿拉汉果。由此事迹记载于故事文中(《比库长老阿陀陀那》篇二·二四六至五一一偈)。
‘‘Padumuttaro nāma jino, sabbadhammāna pāragū;
“有一位名为波头磨多罗的净士,通达诸法之彼岸;
Ito satasahassamhi, kappe uppajji nāyako.
在此百千劫中,此净士作为导师而出世。”
‘‘Tadāhaṃ haṃsavatiyaṃ, jātā seṭṭhikule ahuṃ;
“当时我生于鹭族,属于富足的商贾世家;
Nānāratanapajjote, mahāsukhasamappitā.
家中富含各种宝物,充满无比的大欢喜。”
‘‘Upetvā taṃ mahāvīraṃ, assosiṃ dhammadesanaṃ;
“我亲近那伟大的勇士,聆听其法义开示;
Tato jātapasādāhaṃ, upesiṃ saraṇaṃ jinaṃ.
于是我从出家行者之家,皈依了这位净士。”
‘‘Tato vinayadhārīnaṃ, aggaṃ vaṇṇesi nāyako;
由此,持律者中,领袖宣说最尊贵者,称扬为首要者;
Bhikkhuniṃ lajjiniṃ tādiṃ, kappākappavisāradaṃ.
此女子比库尼,持净洁无愧,行持端正清净。
‘‘Tadā muditacittāhaṃ, taṃ ṭhānamabhikaṅkhinī;
当时,我以欢喜心,心念向往彼处;
Nimantetvā dasabalaṃ, sasaṅghaṃ lokanāyakaṃ.
便邀请十方力量,整个僧团,众生世尊聚集。
‘‘Bhojayitvāna sattāhaṃ, daditvāva ticīvaraṃ;
供养七日,赐与三衣;
Nipacca sirasā pāde, idaṃ vacanamabraviṃ.
俯首合掌,头足触地,作此言语。
‘‘Yā tayā vaṇṇitā vīra, ito aṭṭhamake muni;
『勇士如是称扬的那位,这位第八位圣者,』
Tādisāhaṃ bhavissāmi, yadi sijjhati nāyaka.
『我将成为那样的人,倘若善于领导。』
‘‘Tadā avoca maṃ satthā, bhadde mā bhāyi assasa;
『届时师长对我说:『贤者啊,勿恐惧;』』
Anāgatamhi addhāne, lacchase taṃ manorathaṃ.
『你在未来的世中,将获得那所愿望。』
‘‘Satasahassito kappe, okkākakulasambhavo;
『世代周回数百千,犹如鹳鸟家族再生般,』
Gotamo nāma gottena, satthā loke bhavissati.
『有一名为果德玛的圣者,将成为世间的导师。』
‘‘Tassa dhammesu dāyādā, orasā dhammanimmitā;
『在此教法中』谓于此法之品,有作为的主宰、法之因象;
Paṭācārāti nāmena, hessati satthu sāvikā.
名为波陀叉罗,此名者,将成为佛陀之女弟子。
‘‘Tadāhaṃ muditā hutvā, yāvajīvaṃ tadā jinaṃ;
当时我欢喜持守,企盼终生辅佐彼胜利者;
Mettacittā paricariṃ, sasaṅghaṃ lokanāyakaṃ.
以慈心侍奉,跟随那为众生所依止之僧团。
‘‘Tena kammena sukatena, cetanāpaṇidhīhi ca;
由于此善业,及持心所愿,
Jahitvā mānusaṃ dehaṃ, tāvatiṃsamagacchahaṃ.
舍弃此人身,往至涅槃之所。
‘‘Imamhi bhaddake kappe, brahmabandhu mahāyaso;
在这一吉祥劫中,有一位梵亲大名远扬者,
Kassapo nāma gottena, uppajji vadataṃ varo.
名为咖萨巴,出身族姓,成为贤士中第一。
‘‘Upaṭṭhāko mahesissa, tadā āsi narissaro;
当时他是世尊的侍者,称为副手;
Kāsirājā kikī nāma, bārāṇasipuruttame.
当时迦尸王名为吉吉,是巴拉那西城的尊贵君主。
‘‘Tassāsiṃ tatiyā dhītā, bhikkhunī iti vissutā;
他有第三女儿,被称为比库尼;
Dhammaṃ sutvā jinaggassa, pabbajjaṃ samarocayiṃ.
她听闻如来之法,遂欢喜出家。
‘‘Anujāni na no tāto, agāreva tadā mayaṃ;
『父亲,不要责怪我们,那时我们就在家中;』
Vīsavassasahassāni, vicarimha atanditā.
『已至二万多年,我们不断地周游而不懈怠。』
‘‘Komāribrahmacariyaṃ, rājakaññā sukhedhitā;
『公主持戒为童子,安乐喜悦;』
Buddhopaṭṭhānaniratā, muditā sattadhītaro.
『专心侍奉佛陀,对众生欢喜如七子。』
‘‘Samaṇī samaṇaguttā ca, bhikkhunī bhikkhudāyikā;
『出家女众乃出家中选,受持比库女戒;』
Dhammā ceva sudhammā ca, sattamī saṅghadāyikā.
『教法及净法,作为世间第七种僧团施主。』
‘‘Ahaṃ uppalavaṇṇā ca, khemā bhaddā ca bhikkhunī;
『我』是有青莲色的、安乐吉祥的比库尼;
Kisāgotamī dhammadinnā, visākhā hoti sattamī.
其名曰『婆利多姆迦底』,维萨迦是第七位;
‘‘Tehi kammehi sukatehi, cetanāpaṇidhīhi ca;
凭借这些善行和正念决意,
Jahitvā mānusaṃ dehaṃ, tāvatiṃsamagacchahaṃ.
舍弃了人身,往生他方净土。
‘‘Pacchime ca bhave dāni, jātā seṭṭhikule ahaṃ;
而今在后世,『我』生于富饶世家;
Sāvatthiyaṃ puravare, iddhe phīte mahaddhane.
在萨瓦提城的优越地方,拥有诸多奇异神通与丰厚财富。
‘‘Yadā ca yobbanūpetā, vitakkavasagā ahaṃ;
『当我青春正盛,意念随顺时,』
Naraṃ jārapatiṃ disvā, tena saddhiṃ agacchahaṃ.
『见一人如同老人一般,我便与他同行。』
‘‘Ekaputtapasūtāhaṃ, dutiyo kucchiyā mama;
『此人为父独子,我是他母腹中第二个胎儿,』
Tadāhaṃ mātāpitaro, okkhāmīti sunicchitā.
『那时我的父母已决意将我出家。』
‘‘Nārocesiṃ patiṃ mayhaṃ, tadā tamhi pavāsite;
『男子对我说:你夫婿,彼时使他离家远去;』
Ekikā niggatā gehā, gantuṃ sāvatthimuttamaṃ.
『唯一的女子离开宅邸,要前往沙瓦提城顶。』
‘‘Tato me sāmi āgantvā, sambhāvesi pathe mamaṃ;
「彼时主人来到我这里,伴我同行于路。
Tadā me kammajā vātā, uppannā atidāruṇā.
当时我由业力所生的风,猛烈刮起,非常凶猛。
‘‘Uṭṭhito ca mahāmegho, pasūtisamaye mama;
骤起如大黑云,我于临产之际;
Dabbatthāya tadā gantvā, sāmi sappena mārito.
彼时向兽道而去,主人以火焰将我烧灭。
‘‘Tadā vijātadukkhena, anāthā kapaṇā ahaṃ;
彼时我由于未得解脱的苦痛,孤苦无依,心怀怯懦;
Kunnadiṃ pūritaṃ disvā, gacchantī sakulālayaṃ.
望见满是污秽之地,前往有亲族居住之处。
‘‘Bālaṃ ādāya atariṃ, pārakūle ca ekakaṃ;
『携带幼儿穿越河流,单独在岸边停留;
Sāyetvā bālakaṃ puttaṃ, itaraṃ taraṇāyahaṃ.
渡过河去将小儿安置,自己则去寻找渡口。』
‘‘Nivattā ukkuso hāsi, taruṇaṃ vilapantakaṃ;
『有老人回转时发出笑声,年轻人则悲泣;
Itarañca vahī soto, sāhaṃ sokasamappitā.
溪流中还有其他声音,我自己心怀悲痛哀恸。』
‘‘Sāvatthinagaraṃ gantvā, assosiṃ sajane mate;
『到了沙瓦提城,听闻亲属的消息;
Tadā avocaṃ sokaṭṭā, mahāsokasamappitā.
于是,那忧愁的人说话,充满悲恸慨叹。』
‘‘Ubho puttā kālaṅkatā, panthe mayhaṃ patī mato;
『两子被玷污,行路归我所护』,
Mātā pitā ca bhātā ca, ekacitamhi ḍayhare.
母、父及兄弟,心念只有一念俱存。
‘‘Tadā kisā ca paṇḍu ca, anāthā dīnamānasā;
当时,既瘦弱又苍白,孤苦且心意凄怆,
Ito tato bhamantīhaṃ, addasaṃ narasārathiṃ.
在此彼处徘徊,我见一位车夫。
‘‘Tato avoca maṃ satthā, putte mā soci assasa;
于是导师对我说:『孩子啊,勿忧愁死去,』
Attānaṃ te gavesassu, kiṃ niratthaṃ vihaññasi.
『你要自己去寻求,为何徒然伤害自己?』
‘‘Na santi puttā tāṇāya, na ñātī nāpi bandhavā;
『子嗣』者,不为可恃,『亲属』及『亲戚』亦复不然;
Antakenādhipannassa, natthi ñātīsu tāṇatā.
即使是敬仰者,凡在亲戚中亦无可恃之人。
‘‘Taṃ sutvā munino vākyaṃ, paṭhamaṃ phalamajjhagaṃ;
闻此圣人语,初得果时分;
Pabbajitvāna naciraṃ, arahattamapāpuṇiṃ.
出家之後不久,遂证阿拉汉果。
‘‘Iddhīsu ca vasī homi, dibbāya sotadhātuyā;
在神通中我为能者,通晓天耳根;
Paracittāni jānāmi, satthusāsanakārikā.
他心境界悉知晓,为世尊法则解说者。
‘‘Pubbenivāsaṃ jānāmi, dibbacakkhu visodhitaṃ;
我了知先世所居,清净天眼显现;
Khepetvā āsave sabbe, visuddhāsiṃ sunimmalā.
诸烦恼皆已断除,净明清净如涅槃;
‘‘Tatohaṃ vinayaṃ sabbaṃ, santike sabbadassino;
于是我众律法,亲近智慧现前,
Uggahiṃ sabbavitthāraṃ, byāhariñca yathātathaṃ.
悉心广为宣说,依理尽其详尽;
‘‘Jino tasmiṃ guṇe tuṭṭho, etadagge ṭhapesi maṃ;
胜者欢喜于此功德,立我于此高位,
Aggā vinayadhārīnaṃ, paṭācārāva ekikā.
为诸持戒第一者,尤其依止供养。
‘‘Pariciṇṇo mayā satthā, kataṃ buddhassa sāsanaṃ;
『世尊已为我所舍弃,佛陀的教法成就了什么?』
Ohito garuko bhāro, bhavanetti samūhatā.
『沉重的负担被摒弃,出世之家心意已坚固。』
‘‘Yassatthāya pabbajitā, agārasmānagāriyaṃ;
『为了此义出家者,从家宅出离,』
So me attho anuppatto, sabbasaṃyojanakkhayo.
『正是我的利益所获,所有束缚悉皆断除。』
‘‘Kilesā jhāpitā mayhaṃ…pe… kataṃ buddhassa sāsana’’nti.
『烦恼已为我所安住……如是……佛陀的教法成就了。』
Arahattaṃ pana patvā sekkhakāle attano paṭipattiṃ paccavekkhitvā uparivisesassa nibbattitākāraṃ vibhāventī udānavasena –
论曰:正果既证,回顾修行者,于修习阶段自观自照,辨析超绝之所起,犹如赞歌般称述,
§112
112.
一百一十二。
‘‘Naṅgalehi kasaṃ khettaṃ, bījāni pavapaṃ chamā;
「穷农夫耕种何田,撒下种籽无怨怼;
Puttadārāni posentā, dhanaṃ vindanti māṇavā.
养育子女以为果,男子得财得其福。」
§113
113.
一百一十三。
‘‘Kimahaṃ sīlasampannā, satthusāsanakārikā;
「我今秉持具足戒,尊重世尊教法文;
Nibbānaṃ nādhigacchāmi, akusītā anuddhatā.
不求涅槃亦不退,戒清净无恶行。」
§114
114.
‘‘Pāde pakkhālayitvāna, udakesu karomahaṃ;
『洗净双足后,我在水中沐浴;
Pādodakañca disvāna, thalato ninnamāgataṃ.
见到脚下水光,便从岸边徐徐入水。』
§115
115.
‘‘Tato cittaṃ samādhesiṃ, assaṃ bhadraṃvajāniyaṃ;
『然后安住心念,心念庄严纯净;
Tato dīpaṃ gahetvāna, vihāraṃ pāvisiṃ ahaṃ;
持灯进入僧舍之中,我入定静处。』
Seyyaṃ olokayitvāna, mañcakamhi upāvisiṃ.
审视好后,便坐在床垫上。
§116
116.
‘‘Tato sūciṃ gahetvāna, vaṭṭiṃ okassayāmahaṃ;
然后拿起针头,开始绕线;
Padīpasseva nibbānaṃ, vimokkho ahu cetaso’’ti. – imā gāthā abhāsi;
就像灯火灭尽一样,心中产生解脱。」——此诗句如是说;
Tattha kasanti kasantā kasikammaṃ karontā. Bahutthe hi idaṃ ekavacanaṃ. Pavapanti bījāni vapantā. Chamāti chamāyaṃ. Bhummatthe hi idaṃ paccattavacanaṃ. Ayañhettha saṅkhepattho – ime māṇavā sattā naṅgalehi phālehi khettaṃ kasantā yathādhippāyaṃ khettabhūmiyaṃ pubbaṇṇāparaṇṇabhedāni bījāni vapantā taṃhetu taṃnimittaṃ attānaṃ puttadārādīni posentā hutvā dhanaṃ paṭilabhanti. Evaṃ imasmiṃ loke yoniso payutto paccattapurisakāro nāma saphalo saudayo.
这里说的“田夫”“耕田者”“耕作人”是谁呢?多数语境中此为单数。他们播种、扬撒种子。‘Chamāti’意为‘向某物积极播撒。’在这里此词为单数。此义在地面事理上即指个体。这是以简略表达——这些农夫用赤足耕作土地,犁田地意在如法管理土地,耕种土地上所播种的种子,分时分季,因时制宜以期获得结果。正因如此,他们养育儿孙等,获得财富。如此,在世间,明智连续努力形成的个体努力即谓真正有效、丰硕。
Tattha kimahaṃ sīlasampannā, satthusāsanakārikā. Nibbānaṃ nādhigacchāmi, akusītā anuddhatāti ahaṃ suvisuddhasīlā āraddhavīriyatāya akusītā ajjhattaṃ susamāhitacittatāya anuddhatā ca hutvā catusaccakammaṭṭhānabhāvanāsaṅkhātaṃ satthu sāsanaṃ karontī kasmā nibbānaṃ nādhigacchāmi, adhigamissāmi evāti.
那么我作为具戒者,虽持守世尊教法,却未得涅槃,因为我没有不善不退转。我以清净戒行为基,发起精进,内心极为专注稳定,未退转,身、口、意三业清净,乃犹如修习四圣谛境界相应的佛陀教法的修行人。但为何我未得涅槃,却能得其余果报呢?」
Evaṃ pana cintetvā vipassanāya kammaṃ karontī ekadivasaṃ pādadhovanaudake nimittaṃ gaṇhi. Tenāha ‘‘pāde pakkhālayitvānā’’tiādi . Tassattho – ahaṃ pāde dhovantī pādapakkhālanahetu tikkhattuṃ āsittesu udakesu thalato ninnamāgataṃ pādodakaṃ disvā nimittaṃ karomi.
于是反复思惟,为了内观修习而用功,一日取脚洗浴水为相。于是说:“在脚上清洗”等等。其理由是:我洗脚时,为了脚部清洁,急切地从水浅而停驻的地方取用脚水,以作修习相。
‘‘Yathā idaṃ udakaṃ khayadhammaṃ vayadhammaṃ, evaṃ sattānaṃ āyusaṅkhārā’’ti evaṃ aniccalakkhaṇaṃ, tadanusārena dukkhalakkhaṇaṃ, anattalakkhaṇañca upadhāretvā vipassanaṃ vaḍḍhentī tato cittaṃ samādhesiṃ, assaṃ bhadraṃvajāniyanti yathā assaṃ bhadraṃ ājāniyaṃ kusalo sārathi sukhena sāreti, evaṃ mayhaṃ cittaṃ sukheneva samādhesiṃ, vipassanāsamādhinā samāhitaṃ akāsiṃ. Evaṃ pana vipassanaṃ vaḍḍhentī utusappāyanijigisāya ovarakaṃ pavisantī andhakāravidhamanatthaṃ dīpaṃ gahetvā gabbhaṃ pavisitvā dīpaṃ ṭhapetvā mañcake nisinnamattāva dīpaṃ vijjhāpetuṃ aggaḷasūciyā dīpavaṭṭiṃ ākaḍḍhiṃ, tāvadeva utusappāyalābhena tassā cittaṃ samāhitaṃ ahosi, vipassanāvīthiṃ otari, maggena ghaṭṭesi. Tato maggapaṭipāṭiyā sabbaso āsavānaṃ khayo ahosi. Tena vuttaṃ – ‘‘tato dīpaṃ gahetvāna…pe… vimokkho ahu cetaso’’ti. Tattha seyyaṃ olokayitvānāti dīpālokena seyyaṃ passitvā.
“正如这水有流逝、消逝的本质,众生的生命组成亦然。”此乃无常之相,随之而起苦之相,继之产生无我之相。依此依序增长内观修习,进而摄心,其心如善驾驭者安稳地带领马,善巧引导轻松行进,我的心亦是如此,以愉悦安稳而摄受,借内观定力而专注。内观增长时,为求得定力无比,如同火炬入夜般,手持火炬入内室,置灯于台,坐于蒲团上令灯光闪耀,用针挑动灯芯旋转,对此禀报给予内心的定念。正是借助求得定的光明,其心亦得专注,推进内观之道,成功进入圣道。自此经过所行圣道,种种烦恼皆断除。故有言:“从而手执灯炬……心获得解脱。”此处所谓“床”者,即借灯火之光明观察床榻。
Sūcinti aggaḷasūciṃ. Vaṭṭiṃ okassayāmīti dīpaṃ vijjhāpetuṃ telābhimukhaṃ dīpavaṭṭiṃ ākaḍḍhemi. Vimokkhoti kilesehi vimokkho. So pana yasmā paramatthato cittassa santati, tasmā vuttaṃ ‘‘cetaso’’ti. Yathā pana vaṭṭitelādike paccaye sati uppajjanāraho padīpo tadabhāve anuppajjanato nibbutoti vuccati, evaṃ kilesādipaccaye sati uppajjanārahaṃ cittaṃ tadabhāve anuppajjanato vimuttanti vuccatīti āha – ‘‘padīpasseva nibbānaṃ, vimokkho ahu cetaso’’ti.
针者,即挑灯针也。台者,指点灯使油灯焰旋转之盘。解脱者,是指离烦恼的自由。之所以说“心”,乃因心为究竟依止。譬如在台与油等条件具足时灯焰生起;而无条件时不生起,故曰熄灭。烦恼等条件具足时心生起,无条件时心解脱。故云:‘心如灯火般的涅槃,即是解脱。’
Paṭācārātherīgāthāvaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā. · 巴德佳拉长老尼偈注释完毕。
11. Tiṃsamattātherīgāthāvaṇṇanā11. 三十偈长老尼偈注释
Musalānigahetvānātiādikā tiṃsamattānaṃ therīnaṃ gāthā. Tāpi purimabuddhesu katādhikārā tattha tattha bhave vivaṭṭūpanissayaṃ kusalaṃ upacinantiyo anukkamena upacitavimokkhasambhārā imasmiṃ buddhuppāde sakakammasañcoditā tattha tattha kulagehe nibbattitvā viññutaṃ patvā paṭācārāya theriyā santike dhammaṃ sutvā paṭiladdhasaddhā pabbajitvā parisuddhasīlā vattapaṭivattaṃ paripūrentiyo viharanti. Athekadivasaṃ paṭācārātherī tāsaṃ ovādaṃ dentī –
三十余位长老比库尼赞颂诗句。过去阿佛陀时代诸长老比库尼也多有类似,处处具备身业清净,世间清凉资粮,善行以防未生之恶,修行以获解脱之果。此类功德在诸佛出世时皆为善因果报,转生于家业清净之处,心智明达,于比库尼中任受护持,听闻法后坚信不疑,出家修行,持净戒律,圆满戒行,有如法的安住修行。或有一天,比库尼劝诫众人说:
§117
117.
‘‘Musalāni gahetvāna, dhaññaṃ koṭṭenti māṇavā;
“手执针线,割麦晒谷,少年男儿;
Puttadārāni posentā, dhanaṃ vindanti māṇavā.
人们养育子女,努力谋求财富。
§118
118.
‘‘Karotha buddhasāsanaṃ, yaṃ katvā nānutappati;
“当奉行佛陀的教法,行之后内心无悔恨;
Khippaṃ pādāni dhovitvā, ekamante nisīdatha;
迅速清净双足,端坐于一角;
Cetosamathamanuyuttā, karotha buddhasāsana’’nti. – imā dve gāthā abhāsi;
专心安住心境,努力修习佛陀的教法。”——此二偈说。
Tatthāyaṃ saṅkhepattho – ime sattā jīvitahetu musalāni gahetvā paresaṃ dhaññaṃ koṭṭenti, udukkhalakammaṃ karonti. Aññampi edisaṃ nihīnakammaṃ katvā puttadāraṃ posentā yathārahaṃ dhanampi saṃharanti. Taṃ pana nesaṃ kammaṃ nihīnaṃ gammaṃ pothujjanikaṃ dukkhaṃ anatthasañhitañca. Tasmā edisaṃ saṃkilesikapapañcaṃ vajjetvā karotha buddhasāsanaṃ sikkhattayasaṅkhātaṃ sammāsambuddhasāsanaṃ karotha sampādetha attano santāne nibbattetha. Tattha kāraṇamāha – ‘‘yaṃ katvā nānutappatī’’ti, yassa karaṇahetu etarahi āyatiñca anutāpaṃ nāpajjati. Idāni tassa karaṇe pubbakiccaṃ anuyogavidhiñca dassetuṃ, ‘‘khippaṃ pādāni dhovitvā’’tiādi vuttaṃ. Tattha yasmā adhovitapādassa avikkhālitamukhassa ca nisajjasukhaṃ utusappāyalābho ca na hoti, pāde pana dhovitvā mukhañca vikkhāletvā ekamante nisinnassa tadubhayaṃ labhati, tasmā khippaṃ imaṃ yathāladdhaṃ khaṇaṃ avirādhentiyo pādāni attano pāde dhovitvā ekamante vivitte okāse nisīdatha nisajjatha. Aṭṭhatiṃsāya ārammaṇesu yattha katthaci cittarucike ārammaṇe attano cittaṃ upanibandhitvā cetosamathamanuyuttā samāhitena cittena catusaccakammaṭṭhānabhāvanāvasena buddhassa bhagavato sāsanaṃ ovādaṃ anusiṭṭhiṃ karotha sampādethāti.
此处讲简略大意——这些众生因生活所需,携带农具,收割他人的庄稼,行恶劣之事。还有些因行卑劣之业,养育子女,将财富聚敛囤积。此等业虽为世俗所行,却为低劣之业,乃寻求痛苦而无益处的行为。因此应远离此等污染及恶业,修持佛陀的教法,此教已被诸佛正觉者所鉴别证实,应努力修习,使自身后代得善法。其因由云“行之而不悔”,意指此行为因当前与未来均无懊悔心。为显示过去或现存业力的相续,遂说“迅速清净双足”等偈文。因清洗双脚后,赤足静坐在平坦无遮蔽处,获得安适与清凉;坐时若双脚清洗,与露天无遮之地接触,感受宜人,因此应当迅速清洗双足,坐于一处孤独清静之处。于三十八处可有所趣缘,择适合心意之处,将心摄住,专注不散,安住于心静如此,修习四圣谛禅法,遵奉佛世尊之教诫,励行于实修,成就正行。
Atha tā bhikkhuniyo tassā theriyā ovāde ṭhatvā vipassanaṃ paṭṭhapetvā bhāvanāya kammaṃ karontiyo ñāṇassa paripākaṃ gatattā hetusampannatāya ca saha paṭisambhidāhi arahattaṃ patvā attano paṭipattiṃ paccavekkhitvā ovādagāthāhi saddhiṃ –
于是那比库尼们依止她这位比长老的教诲,保持内观修习,努力于修习,随着智慧的成熟与因缘具足,并结合审辨功德,证得阿拉汉果,反观自己的修行,于与教诲诗句相应而行——
§119
119.
‘‘Tassā tā vacanaṃ sutvā, paṭācārāya sāsanaṃ;
『听从她的话语,往来行持佛法;
Pāde pakkhālayitvāna, ekamantaṃ upāvisuṃ;
净足洗尘后,端坐于一侧;
Cetosamathamanuyuttā, akaṃsu buddhasāsanaṃ.
心心专一止静,专注于佛的教法。』
§120
120.
‘‘Rattiyā purime yāme, pubbajātimanussaruṃ;
‘夜晚的前更时分,应当忆念前世生人的境况;
Rattiyā majjhime yāme, dibbacakkhuṃ visodhayuṃ;
夜晚的中更时分,应当净除天眼的障碍;
Rattiyā pacchime yāme, tamokhandhaṃ padālayuṃ.
夜晚的后更时分,应当除灭无明的暗黑;
§121
121.
‘‘Uṭṭhāya pāde vandiṃsu, katā te anusāsanī;
起身用足礼敬你,这些都是你的教诫所规定的行为;
Indaṃva devā tidasā, saṅgāme aparājitaṃ;
如同天人一般,在战斗中不曾被敌人所败。
Purakkhatvā vihassāma, tevijjāmha anāsavā’’ti. –
我们先前前行住持,具足三明且除诸漏。
Imā gāthā abhāsiṃsu.
以上诸偈已被宣说。
Tattha tassā tā vacanaṃ sutvā, paṭācārāya sāsananti tassā paṭācārāya theriyā kilesapaṭisattusāsanaṭṭhena sāsanabhūtaṃ ovādavacanaṃ, tā tiṃsamattā bhikkhuniyo sutvā paṭissutvā sirasā sampaṭicchitvā.
闻听其语,作为经行者,此语为对应经教者之教义言说,乃长老比库尼因断除烦恼而堪称法义之训诫,三十余比库尼听闻后默照以头顶触礼。
Uṭṭhāyapāde vandiṃsu, katā te anusāsanīti yathāsampaṭicchitaṃ tassā sāsanaṃ aṭṭhiṃ katvā manasi katvā yathāphāsukaṭṭhāne nisīditvā bhāventiyo bhāvanaṃ matthakaṃ pāpetvā attanā adhigatavisesaṃ ārocetuṃ nisinnāsanato uṭṭhāya tassā santikaṃ gantvā ‘‘mahātheri tavānusāsanī yathānusiṭṭhaṃ amhehi katā’’ti vatvā tassā pāde pañcapatiṭṭhitena vandiṃsu. Indaṃva devā tidasā, saṅgāme aparājitanti devāsurasaṅgāme aparājitaṃ vijitāviṃ indaṃ tāvatiṃsā devā viya mahātheri, mayaṃ taṃ purakkhatvā viharissāma aññassa kattabbassa abhāvato. Tasmā ‘‘tevijjāmha anāsavā’’ti attano kataññubhāvaṃ pavedentī idameva tāsaṃ aññābyākaraṇaṃ ahosi. Yaṃ panettha atthato avibhattaṃ, taṃ heṭṭhā vuttanayameva.
起身踮脚合掌恭敬,证实你之教诫宜若实行,并心念确立此教法,安坐于席,调伏修行,除净妄念,自觉获得殊胜,起坐往近其处,言说:『大长老,你之教诫真切已随我等践行』,遂以五根坚定恭敬礼足。此情如天神般胜利无敌,天地争战虽激烈却无所败,犹如三十三天诸天围绕大长老,我辈将前行住持奉行此义,因无人可代为完成,是以『我们为具三明无漏者』,此乃感恩自白,别无他意。然如实者所言,其义如下详明。
Tiṃsamattātherīgāthāvaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā. · 三十偈长老尼偈注释完毕。
12. Candātherīgāthāvaṇṇanā12. 禅德长老尼偈注释
Duggatāhaṃ pure āsintiādikā candāya theriyā gāthā. Ayampi purimabuddhesu katādhikārā tattha tattha bhave vivaṭṭūpanissayaṃ kusalaṃ upacinantī anukkamena sambhatavimokkhasambhārā paripakkañāṇā imasmiṃ buddhuppāde aññatarasmiṃ brāhmaṇagāme apaññātassa brāhmaṇassa gehe paṭisandhiṃ gaṇhi. Tassā nibbattito paṭṭhāyaṃ taṃ kulaṃ bhogehi parikkhayaṃ gataṃ. Sā anukkamena viññutaṃ patvā dukkhena jīvati. Atha tasmiṃ gehe ahivātarogo uppajji. Tenassā sabbepi ñātakā maraṇabyasanaṃ pāpuṇiṃsu. Sā ñātikkhaye jāte aññattha jīvituṃ asakkontī kapālahatthā kule kule vicaritvā laddhaladdhena bhikkhāhārena yāpentī ekadivasaṃ paṭācārāya theriyā bhattavissaggaṭṭhānaṃ agamāsi. Bhikkhuniyo taṃ dukkhitaṃ khuddābhibhūtaṃ disvāna sañjātakāruññā piyasamudācārena saṅgahetvā tattha vijjamānena upacāramanoharena āhārena santappesuṃ. Sā tāsaṃ ācārasīle pasīditvā theriyā santikaṃ upasaṅkamitvā vanditvā ekamantaṃ nisīdi. Tassā therī dhammaṃ kathesi. Sā taṃ dhammaṃ sutvā sāsane abhippasannā saṃsāre ca sañjātasaṃvegā pabbaji . Pabbajitvā ca theriyā ovāde ṭhatvā vipassanaṃ paṭṭhapetvā bhāvanaṃ anuyuñjantī katādhikāratāya ñāṇassa ca paripākaṃ gatattā na cirasseva saha paṭisambhidāhi arahattaṃ patvā attano paṭipattiṃ paccavekkhitvā –
过去恶趣我曾安住,犹如月光长夜。该长老偈语,历世佛陀皆如是道理,时有禀赋殊胜者于各处,破除恶趣之因缘,悉修善法,因缘成熟得证解脱。此比库尼堕于一乡村不通达婆罗门之家,依止赢彩票,宅舍荣华业尽敝败。因其失势而沦为贫困,生活苦痛。其后家中生蛇蝎病害,亲属悉历经死难。亲属尽亡后,她不能他生,手持砍柴棒,在各家巡徘,日食乞讨维生。一日此比库尼因忧苦小贫,众比库尼见状生慈悲心,以柔和言语慰问,亦供食养护。此比库尼见其正行于持戒,则向长老近前,合掌敬礼,静坐一侧。长老讲解佛法教义,她听闻后欢喜于教法,因生出世信心而出家。出家后,依照长老教诲,修行正慧,设立内观;在修持正务与智慧成熟已竟之时,不久即证阿拉汉果,回观自己修行行持。
§122
122.
‘‘Duggatāhaṃ pure āsiṃ, vidhavā ca aputtikā;
『我过去生活堕落,寡居而无子,』
Vinā mittehi ñātīhi, bhattacoḷassa nādhigaṃ.
『没有亲友,没有兄弟姐妹,无法获得食食粮。』
§123
123.
‘‘Pattaṃ daṇḍañca gaṇhitvā, bhikkhamānā kulā kulaṃ;
『手持杖棍,四处托钵,游行乞食,』
Sītuṇhena ca ḍayhantī, satta vassāni cārihaṃ.
『靠寒冷风雨忍耐,行乞七年七载。』
§124
124.
‘‘Bhikkhuniṃ puna disvāna, annapānassa lābhiniṃ;
见比库尼即得饮食时,
Upasaṅkammaṃ avocaṃ, pabbajjaṃ anagāriyaṃ.
前来恳求,愿行出家非在家行。
§125
125.
‘‘Sā ca maṃ anukampāya, pabbājesi paṭācārā;
彼女出于悲悯我,遂令我舍家出家;
Tato maṃ ovaditvāna, paramatthe niyojayi.
继而教诲我,令我专于至果之道。
§126
126.
‘‘Tassāhaṃ vacanaṃ sutvā, akāsiṃ anusāsaniṃ;
我闻世尊教诲后,遵循其训诲而行;
Amogho ayyāyovādo, tevijjāmhi anāsavā’’ti. –
所谓对尊者无益的诤言,在正智慧圣者中是断灭烦恼的。
Udānavasena imā gāthā abhāsi.
此诗以偈颂形式宣说。
Tattha duggatāti daliddā. Pureti pabbajitato pubbe. Pabbajitakālato paṭṭhāya hi idha puggalo bhogehi aḍḍho vā daliddo vāti na vattabbo. Guṇehi pana ayaṃ therī aḍḍhāyeva. Tenāha ‘‘duggatāhaṃ pure āsi’’nti. Vidhavāti dhavo vuccati sāmiko, tadabhāvā vidhavā, matapatikāti attho. Aputtikāti puttarahitā. Vinā mittehīti mittehi bandhavehi ca parihīnā rahitā. Bhattacoḷassa nādhiganti bhattassa coḷassa ca pāripūriṃ nādhigacchiṃ, kevalaṃ pana bhikkhāpiṇḍassa pilotikākhaṇḍassa ca vasena ghāsacchādanamattameva alatthanti adhippāyo. Tenāha ‘‘pattaṃ daṇḍañca gaṇhitvā’’tiādi.
其中“duggata(堕落)”意为肮脏、污浊。前为出家之初,因出家之时本性未显,故此人不可说为因财物而堕落。此长老就其品性而言,确实如半净之人,故称‘我早先堕落’。‘寡妇’意为无夫之女,‘无子’谓无子女,‘无亲’即无亲友与家属,‘无饭饼’则食物不充足,既无充足的粮食饮水,仅靠施粥供食的破小块碎屑遮盖,充作被盖之用,此谓“执持袈裟与杖杖”等。
Tattha pattanti mattikābhājanaṃ. Daṇḍanti goṇasunakhādipariharaṇadaṇḍakaṃ. Kulā kulanti kulato kulaṃ. Sītuṇhena ca ḍayhantīti vasanagehābhāvato sītena ca uṇhena ca pīḷiyamānā.
其中“袈裟”指陶制的食器,“杖杖”即牧牛用的杖棒。“家族”意指家产与族人,出家后家园随之消逝。因无住所,既受寒冷也受酷热之苦。
Bhikkhuninti paṭācārātheriṃ sandhāya vadati. Punāti pacchā, sattasaṃvaccharato aparabhāge.
“比库尼”指沙玛内拉长老,论述其事蹟。随后又续,有七十六字的残余偈颂断章。
Paramattheti parame uttame atthe, nibbānagāminiyā paṭipadāya nibbāne ca. Niyojayīti kammaṭṭhānaṃ ācikkhantī niyojesi. Sesaṃ vuttanayameva.
『Paramattha』者,最高极之义也。谓之最高极义,是指以涅槃为归宿之道路及涅槃本身。『Niyojayīti』意为指示业道,亦作引导之意。此处说业道为所示教之处置。余者皆为前文所说之内容续述。
Candātherīgāthāvaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā. · 准德长老尼偈注释完毕。
Pañcakanipātavaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā. · 五集注释完毕。