3. Tikanipāto · 3. 三集义注
3. Tikanipāto三颂品
1. Aparāsāmātherīgāthāvaṇṇanā一、阿巴拉萨玛长老尼偈注释
Tikanipāte paṇṇavīsativassānītiādikā aparāya sāmāya theriyā gāthā. Ayampi purimabuddhesu katādhikārā tattha tattha bhave vivaṭṭūpanissayaṃ kusalaṃ upacinantī vipassissa bhagavato kāle candabhāgāya nadiyā tīre kinnarayoniyaṃ nibbatti. Sā tattha kinnarehi saddhiṃ kīḷāpasutā vicarati. Athekadivasaṃ satthā tassā kusalabījaropanatthaṃ tattha gantvā nadītīre caṅkami. Sā bhagavantaṃ disvā haṭṭhatuṭṭhā saḷalapupphāni ādāya satthu santikaṃ gantvā vanditvā tehi pupphehi bhagavantaṃ pūjesi. Sā tena puññakammena devamanussesu saṃsarantī imasmiṃ buddhuppāde kosambiyaṃ kulaghare nibbattitvā vayappattā sāmāvatiyā sahāyikā hutvā tassā matakāle saṃvegajātā pabbajitvā pañcavīsati vassāni cittasamādhānaṃ alabhitvā mahallikākāle sugatovādaṃ labhitvā vipassanaṃ vaḍḍhetvā saha paṭisambhidāhi arahattaṃ pāpuṇi. Tena vuttaṃ apadāne (apa. therī 2.2.22-29) –
此为小部第二十七年等诸阿拉汉长老偈语。此长老亦是在昔佛时代所作,其时各地皆有善缘因缘,世尊——正觉者毕竟慧者——时居于灿婆迦河畔,于河岸的乾陀罗种族中出生。彼处此乾陀罗族女与乾陀罗童子同嬉游。某日,世尊为种下善根,故往至河畔漫步。彼女见世尊,起身持莲花,携花至佛所,礼拜供养。因其善业,在天人和人中轮转后,于此佛出世时,生于迦毗罗卫国贵族之家,长成后成为沙弥女,及至母亲示寂时,起大念出家历二十五年,得心专一之定,于耆婆经年获圣者之说,修增慧,兼修三慧究竟阿拉汉果。于是法句经中记载此事(法句传第2.2.22-29偈)。
‘‘Candabhāgānadītīre, ahosiṃ kinnarī tadā;
「在灿婆迦河岸,我当时为乾陀罗女;
Addasāhaṃ devadevaṃ, caṅkamantaṃ narāsabhaṃ.
曾见天中之王,行走于人间骑牛之尊者——
‘‘Ocinitvāna saḷalaṃ, buddhaseṭṭhassadāsahaṃ;
礼奉顶礼佛世尊,我持莲花以示敬意;
Upasiṅghi mahāvīro, saḷalaṃ devagandhikaṃ.
伟大英雄世尊,莲花散发诸天香气。
‘‘Paṭiggahetvā sambuddho, vipassī lokanāyako;
经受佛陀亲授,正觉者维巴悉尊贵,乃世界之导师;
Upasiṅghi mahāvīro, pekkhamānāya me tadā.
当时吾大勇健者紧握拳头,注目凝视我。
‘‘Añjaliṃ paggahetvāna, vanditvā dvipaduttamaṃ;
合掌恭敬地持起,礼敬这两足尊者,
Sakaṃ cittaṃ pasādetvā, tato pabbatamāruhiṃ.
使心安悦欢喜,然后攀登那大山。
‘‘Ekanavutito kappe, yaṃ pupphamadadiṃ tadā;
彼时一千个劫以来,我曾献此花朵;
Duggatiṃ nābhijānāmi, buddhapūjāyidaṃ phalaṃ.
我不知有堕恶趣,此为供佛之福德。
‘‘Kilesā jhāpitā mayhaṃ…pe… kataṃ buddhassa sāsana’’nti.
烦恼悉皆燃尽……如此……已奉行佛陀教法。」
Arahattaṃ pana patvā attano paṭipattiṃ paccavekkhitvā udānavasena –
阿拉汉果已得,反观自行为,随念如兴起(于心)之感,
§39
39.
‘‘Paṇṇavīsati vassāni, yato pabbajitāya me;
『我出家以来,历经二十五个雨季,
Nābhijānāmi cittassa, samaṃ laddhaṃ kudācanaṃ.
未曾识得于心,得持平等常住之安乐。
§40
40.
‘‘Aladdhā cetaso santiṃ, citte avasavattinī;
『未得心安宁者,心中难以安住;
Tato saṃvegamāpādiṃ, saritvā jinasāsanaṃ.
继而生起精进,遵守世尊教法。
§41
41.
‘‘Bahūhi dukkhadhammehi, appamādaratāya me;
『多由诸苦之事,我心生无懈怠;」
Taṇhakkhayo anuppatto, kataṃ buddhassa sāsanaṃ;
渴爱已断已至灭,成就何为佛陀之教法?
Ajja me sattamī ratti, yato taṇhā visositā’’ti. –
今日为我第七夜,此时渴爱已消亡。
Imā gāthā abhāsi.
此偈如是说。
Tattha cittassa samanti cittassa vūpasamaṃ, cetosamathamaggaphalasamādhīti attho.
此中“心之平静”即心念的安宁、心念的止息之果、入定之义。
Tatoti tasmā cittavasaṃ vattetuṃ asamatthabhāvato. Saṃvegamāpādinti satthari dharantepi pabbajitakiccaṃ matthakaṃ pāpetuṃ asakkontī pacchā kathaṃ pāpayissāmīti saṃvegaṃ ñāṇutrāsaṃ āpajjiṃ. Saritvā jinasāsananti kāṇakacchapopamādisatthuovādaṃ (saṃ. ni. 5.1117; ma. ni. 3.252) anussaritvā. Sesaṃ vuttanayameva.
因“如此”故心力未及运作。谓急切心生起,即师虽受具足教戒,欲成比库而事未办,后将如何成就?心中生了急切与恐惧。忆念佛陀教法,如同听闻龟壳中老鼠之教诲(参见《相应部》5.1117;《增支部》3.252)而心得安住。余者不过重复释说。
Aparāsāmātherīgāthāvaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā. · 阿巴拉萨玛长老尼偈注释完毕。
2. Uttamātherīgāthāvaṇṇanā二、伍德玛长老尼偈注释
Catukkhattuṃ pañcakkhattuntiādikā uttamāya theriyā gāthā. Ayampi purimabuddhesu katādhikārā tattha tattha bhave vivaṭṭūpanissayaṃ kusalaṃ upacinantī vipassissa bhagavato kāle bandhumatīnagare aññatarassa kuṭumbikassa gehe gharadāsī hutvā nibbatti. Sā vayappattā attano ayyakānaṃ veyyāvaccaṃ karontī jīvati. Tena ca samayena bandhumarājā puṇṇamīdivase uposathiko hutvā purebhattaṃ dānāni datvā pacchābhattaṃ gantvā dhammaṃ suṇāti. Atha mahājanā yathā rājā paṭipajjati, tatheva puṇṇamīdivase uposathaṅgāni samādāya vattanti. Athassā dāsiyā etadahosi – ‘‘etarahi kho mahārājā mahājanā ca uposathaṅgāni samādāya vattanti, yaṃnūnāhaṃ uposathadivasesu uposathasīlaṃ samādāya vatteyya’’nti. Sā tathā karontī suparisuddhaṃ uposathasīlaṃ rakkhitvā tāvatiṃsesu nibbattā aparāparaṃ sugatīsuyeva saṃsarantī imasmiṃ buddhuppāde sāvatthiyaṃ seṭṭhikule nibbattitvā viññutaṃ patvā paṭācārāya theriyā santike dhammaṃ sutvā pabbajitvā vipassanaṃ paṭṭhapetvā taṃ matthakaṃ pāpetuṃ nāsakkhi. Paṭācārā therī tassā cittācāraṃ ñatvā ovādamadāsi. Sā tassā ovāde ṭhatvā saha paṭisambhidāhi arahattaṃ pāpuṇi. Tena vuttaṃ apadāne (apa. therī 2.2.1-21) –
四天王五天王等上座比库之偈。此亦诸先佛所作之法义讲解,分别时地依止明了、善巧之通达,明察正法佛陀时,生于班陀摩提那城一户他家,作仆妇出世。彼已年老,勤勉供养其所持有之主人,生活于彼地。时班陀王于满月日守浴节前,先施舍食物,后入座听法。大众随从王如法而行,在满月日收取守浴节功德。其仆妇如是念:“今大王及大众皆正行守浴节戒,我亦当于守浴日持守净洁之守浴戒。”遂如是行,在大海彼岸生起,轮转于善趣,如同淳熟者往返于净土。此时生于释迦族城,明了世间,得脱后而乞求出家,于长老中修习正念观,证得彼果,成就戒法。长老为说法展转,
‘‘Nagare bandhumatiyā, bandhumā nāma khattiyo;
「在城中有一名为班度玛提耶的,他族人中有一位名为班度玛的王族,
Divase puṇṇamāya so, upavasi uposathaṃ.
此人在月圆之日持守戒期,斋戒清净。
‘‘Ahaṃ tena samayena, kumbhadāsī ahaṃ tahiṃ;
我当时正是水罐女仆,
Disvā sarājakaṃ senaṃ, evāhaṃ cintayiṃ tadā.
见到那军人,我当时便这样思惟:
‘‘Rājāpi rajjaṃ chaḍḍetvā, upavasi uposathaṃ;
国王放弃王位,也在戒期日斋戒,
Saphalaṃ nūna taṃ kammaṃ, janakāyo pamodito.
这功德果报必定成就,生于人间者皆欢喜。」
‘‘Yoniso paccavekkhitvā, duggaccañca daliddataṃ;
「经由正当的审视,内心已破除恶行污秽,
Mānasaṃ sampahaṃsitvā, upavasiṃ uposathaṃ.
心理已离散散乱,时至清晨,我安坐于伍波萨他日。
‘‘Ahaṃ uposathaṃ katvā, sammāsambuddhasāsane;
我于此伍波萨他日已奉行正自觉者教法,
Tena kammena sukatena, tāvatiṃsamagacchahaṃ.
借由此善业,我已步入三十余载安稳之中。」
‘‘Tattha me sukataṃ byamhaṃ, ubbhayojanamuggataṃ;
「彼时我的善业稳固,超脱二结缚,
Kūṭāgāravarūpetaṃ, mahāsanasubhūsitaṃ.
如同僧伽屋的形制,庄严宏伟的座位相称。」
‘‘Accharā satasahassā, upatiṭṭhanti maṃ sadā;
『无数千众』者,恒常侍立于我身旁。
Aññe deve atikkamma, atirocāmi sabbadā.
我常超越诸天,恒恒光明照耀无量。
‘‘Catusaṭṭhidevarājūnaṃ, mahesittamakārayiṃ;
『四十六诸天王』者,皆受我大神力所感召。
Tesaṭṭhicakkavattīnaṃ, mahesittamakārayiṃ.
『四十六转轮圣王』者,亦受我大神力所感召。
‘‘Suvaṇṇavaṇṇā hutvāna, bhavesu saṃsarāmahaṃ;
化为金色光明,我于三界中周游无碍。
Sabbattha pavarā homi, uposathassidaṃ phalaṃ.
处处卓越无比,此乃守斋日之功德果报也。
‘‘Hatthiyānaṃ assayānaṃ, rathayānañca sīvikaṃ;
「象车、马车及乘马车者所持之兵器具,都随之具备;
Labhāmi sabbamevetaṃ, uposathassidaṃ phalaṃ.
我获得这一切果报,皆因持守伍波萨他戒。
‘‘Soṇṇamayaṃ rūpimayaṃ, athopi phalikāmayaṃ;
金器、银器及镀叶之器物,
Lohitaṅgamayañceva, sabbaṃ paṭilabhāmahaṃ.
以及铜蓝器物,我悉皆得受具足。
‘‘Koseyyakambaliyāni, khomakappāsikāni ca;
细麻布、粗麻布及普通纺布,
Mahagghāni ca vatthāni, sabbaṃ paṭilabhāmahaṃ.
大幅布料诸衣物,我一切皆得完备。」
‘‘Annaṃ pānaṃ khādanīyaṃ, vatthasenāsanāni ca;
『食物』者,饮食及副食,及衣物、床具坐具皆属之,
Sabbametaṃ paṭilabhe, uposathassidaṃ phalaṃ.
这一切皆可获得,此为守伍波萨他之果报。
‘‘Varagandhañca mālañca, cuṇṇakañca vilepanaṃ;
『香品』者,有上等香料及花环,及涂抹用的白粉,
Sabbametaṃ paṭilabhe, uposathassidaṃ phalaṃ.
这一切皆可获得,此为守伍波萨他之果报。
‘‘Kūṭāgārañca pāsādaṃ, maṇḍapaṃ hammiyaṃ guhaṃ;
『住所』者,如围屋、宫殿、露台、私室,
Sabbametaṃ paṭilabhe, uposathassidaṃ phalaṃ.
这一切皆可获得,此为守伍波萨他之果报。
‘‘Jātiyā sattavassāhaṃ, pabbajiṃ anagāriyaṃ;
『生』者,我出家非居士已七十载,
Aḍḍhamāse asampatte, arahattamapāpuṇiṃ.
未满半年即得阿拉汉果,
‘‘Kilesā jhāpitā mayhaṃ, bhavā sabbe samūhatā;
污垢已净尽,诸有业皆已断绝,
Sabbāsavaparikkhīṇā, natthi dāni punabbhavo.
诸漏皆除,现已无再生。
‘‘Ekanavutito kappe, yaṃ kammamakariṃ tadā;
一十九劫前,我当造业,
Duggatiṃ nābhijānāmi, uposathassidaṃ phalaṃ.
我不知此为过恶,乃因斋戒故得此果。
‘‘Kilesā jhāpitā mayhaṃ…pe… kataṃ buddhassa sāsana’’nti.
『烦恼已断于我……』如是,『于如来教法所作。』
Arahattaṃ pana patvā attano paṭipattiṃ paccavekkhitvā udānavasena –
然而,得阿拉汉果后,审察自行,作为激励如经所述——
§42
42.
‘‘Catukkhattuṃ pañcakkhattuṃ, vihārā upanikkhamiṃ;
『四时五时,安住于寂静住处;
Aladdhā cetaso santiṃ, citte avasavattinī.
得到心安,心中秩序井然。』
§43
43.
‘‘Sā bhikkhuniṃ upāgacchiṃ, yā me saddhāyikā ahu;
『有一比库尼前来,即是我所信之人;
Sā me dhammamadesesi, khandhāyatanadhātuyo.
她为我宣说法,关于蕴、处、界等。』
§44
44.
‘‘Tassā dhammaṃ suṇitvāna, yathā maṃ anusāsi sā;
『听闻彼时法已,如其教我者,』
Sattāhaṃ ekapallaṅkena, nisīdiṃ pītisukhasamappitā;
『我乃安坐于单床,具足喜乐与欢喜,』
Aṭṭhamiyā pāde pasāresiṃ, tamokhandhaṃ padāliyā’’ti. –
『于第八日伸展足,将无明蕴破坏于足底。』
Imā gāthā abhāsi.
此偈如是说。
Tattha sā bhikkhuniṃ upāgacchiṃ, yā me saddhāyikā ahūti yā mayā saddhātabbā saddheyyavacanā ahosi, taṃ bhikkhuniṃ sāhaṃ upagacchiṃ upasaṅkamiṃ, paṭācārātheriṃ saddhāya vadati. ‘‘Sā bhikkhunī upagacchi, yā me sādhayikā’’tipi pāṭho. Sā paṭācārā bhikkhunī anukampāya maṃ upagacchi, yā mayhaṃ sadatthassa sādhikāti attho. Sā me dhammamadesesi, khandhāyatanadhātuyoti sā paṭācārā therī ‘‘ime pañcakkhandhā, imāni dvādasāyatanāni, imā aṭṭhārasa dhātuyo’’ti khandhādike vibhajitvā dassentī mayhaṃ dhammaṃ desesi.
时彼(如是)前来比库尼者,即我信敬者,亦是我应当信敬者,具信敬之言已,至我而诣,我即以信敬告彼比库尼曰:『此比库尼所至者,即我心所成就者。』此三句偈。比库尼(婆)多察罗怀悲悯至我所,意谓我深解此义。她为我说法释义,谓蕴处界五者云:『此为五蕴,此为十二处,此为十八界。』依此分辨蕴等,向我说明法义。
Tassādhammaṃ suṇitvānāti tassā paṭisambhidāppattāya theriyā santike khandhādivibhāgapubbaṅgamaṃ ariyamaggaṃ pāpetvā desitasaṇhasukhumavipassanādhammaṃ sutvā. Yathā maṃ anusāsi sāti sā therī yathā maṃ anusāsi ovadi, tathā paṭipajjantī paṭipattiṃ matthakaṃ pāpetvāpi sattāhaṃ ekapallaṅkena nisīdiṃ. Kathaṃ? Pītisukhasamappitāti jhānamayena pītisukhena samaṅgībhūtā. Aṭṭhamiyā pāde pasāresiṃ, tamokhandhaṃ padāliyāti anavasesaṃ mohakkhandhaṃ aggamaggena padāletvā aṭṭhame divase pallaṅkaṃ bhindantī pāde pasāresiṃ. Idameva cassā aññābyākaraṇaṃ ahosi.
彼比库尼闻此法,遂得分解分别,于比库尼前证得由蕴等先得之圣道,闻闻所说细微之慧观法。彼比库尼如所教诲般谨守行持,于床一独坐七日为期,如何?以禅定所具乐喜彼此合一。于第八日伸足,破坏无余是迷蕴,用火焰般燃烧,至第八日将床破,以足向外伸展。此为无他释义。
Uttamātherīgāthāvaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā. · 伍德玛长老尼偈注释完毕。
3. Aparā uttamātherīgāthāvaṇṇanā三、另一位伍德玛长老尼偈注释
Ye ime satta bojjhaṅgātiādikā aparāya uttamāya theriyā gāthā. Ayampi purimabuddhesu katādhikārā tattha tattha bhave vivaṭṭūpanissayaṃ kusalaṃ upacinantī vipassissa bhagavato kāle bandhumatīnagare kuladāsī hutvā nibbatti. Sā ekadivasaṃ satthu sāvakaṃ ekaṃ khīṇāsavattheraṃ piṇḍāya carantaṃ disvā pasannamānasā tīṇi modakāni adāsi. Sā tena puññakammena devamanussesu saṃsarantī imasmiṃ buddhuppāde kosalajanapade aññatarasmiṃ brāhmaṇamahāsālakule nibbattitvā viññutaṃ pattā janapadacārikaṃ carantassa satthu santike dhammaṃ sutvā paṭiladdhasaddhā pabbajitvā nacirasseva saha paṭisambhidāhi arahattaṃ pāpuṇi. Tena vuttaṃ apadāne (apa. therī 2.2.30-36) –
这些七种觉支等及其他列为高等的长老尊者的偈颂,乃过去诸佛所作的功德行。此亦是早期佛陀时代的作品,指出于彼时拘萨摩城中有一名女仆人称为班徒玛蒂雅,因福德具足而转生于该处。她一日见到出家的尊长,一位已证尽漏的长老在托钵乞食,心生喜悦,遂赠与三颗甜食。此善业使她在人间与天中轮回,在此佛陀出世的迦毗罗卫国某婆罗门大家族内转生,智慧开显,行于乡间,得遇正法,闻法具足信心,遂生出家心志,不久即与佛陀同时代,同证分解智慧,证入阿拉汉果位。此事载于《长老传》经传中(Apa. Therī 2.2.30-36),如是宣说:
‘‘Nagare bandhumatiyā, kumbhadāsī ahosahaṃ;
『我曾为拘萨摩城中之女仆,名为坤婆达施;
Mama bhāgaṃ gahetvāna, gacchaṃ udakahārikā.
携我所持之物,前往河边取水;
‘‘Panthamhi samaṇaṃ disvā, santacittaṃ samāhitaṃ;
行至途中见一圣僧,安详念定具专注;
Pasannacittā sumanā, modake tīṇidāsahaṃ.
心生欢喜清净,乃赠与其三甜食;
‘‘Tena kammena sukatena, cetanāpaṇidhīhi ca;
凭此善业与宿愿,生生世世皆有依止;
Ekanavutikappāni, vinipātaṃ na gacchahaṃ.
我若堕入九十次的堕落,决不随流而去。
‘‘Sampatti taṃ karitvāna, sabbaṃ anubhaviṃ ahaṃ;
『成就一切业果后,我亲身体验无余;
Modake tīṇi datvāna, pattāhaṃ acalaṃ padaṃ.
施行布施三枚铜币后,我得证坚固无动摇的境界。
‘‘Kilesā jhāpitā mayhaṃ…pe… kataṃ buddhassa sāsana’’nti.
烦恼已被消伏……我已了了了悟佛陀教法。』
Arahattaṃ pana patvā attano paṭipattiṃ paccavekkhitvā udānavasena –
于证阿拉汉果后,反观自修之行时,如是以《发趣歌》言曰—
§45
45.
‘‘Ye ime satta bojjhaṅgā, maggā nibbānapattiyā;
『此七觉支者,是通向道与涅槃之途;
Bhāvitā te mayā sabbe, yathā buddhena desitā.
诸法皆由吾所修习,法如佛陀所说法门。
§46
46.
‘‘Suññatassānimittassa, lābhinīhaṃ yadicchakaṃ;
“我得于此愿所欲者,缘空相故,善获利。
Orasā dhītā buddhassa, nibbānābhiratā sadā.
如佛所系女儿,恒乐涅槃境界。
§47
47.
‘‘Sabbe kāmā samucchinnā, ye dibbā ye ca mānusā;
“诸欲皆已断除,无论天上人间,
Vikkhīṇo jātisaṃsāro, natthi dāni punabbhavo’’ti. –
轮回烦恼已绝,今无复生之理。”——
Imā gāthā abhāsi.
以上偈语如是宣说。
Tattha suññatassānimittassa, lābhinīhaṃ yadicchakanti suññatasamāpattiyā ca animittasamāpattiyā ca ahaṃ yadicchakaṃ lābhinī, tattha yaṃ yaṃ samāpajjituṃ icchāmi yattha yattha yadā yadā, taṃ taṃ tattha tattha tadā tadā samāpajjitvā viharāmīti attho. Yadipi hi suññatāppaṇihitādināmakassa yassa kassacipi maggassa suññatādibhedaṃ tividhampi phalaṃ sambhavati. Ayaṃ pana therī suññatānimittasamāpattiyova samāpajjati. Tena vuttaṃ – ‘‘suññatassānimittassa, lābhinīhaṃ yadicchaka’’nti. Yebhuyyavasena vā etaṃ vuttaṃ. Nidassanamattametanti apare.
其中关于空无相的成就,说的是:我愿得其所愿者,凭借空无相之成就与无相成就,我愿得其所愿;无论何时何地,无论何处何时,我都愿成就所愿,在彼处彼时住持不退。虽说空无等名是空之初因或起因,有三种不同的空果,这位长老则专成就空无相之缘。故有言:“空无相之缘,愿得我所欲。”或仅此而已,或言为示现,以示不同。
Ye dibbā ye ca mānusāti ye devalokapariyāpannā ye ca manussalokapariyāpannā vatthukāmā, te sabbepi tappaṭibaddhachandarāgappahānena mayā sammadeva ucchinnā, aparibhogārahā katā . Vuttañhi – ‘‘abhabbo, āvuso, khīṇāsavo bhikkhu kāme paribhuñjituṃ. Seyyathāpi pubbe agāriyabhūto’’ti. Sesaṃ vuttanayameva.
凡是天界与人间中的所有众生,凡是遍及天界和人间的有情,种种贪欲之心皆为我所正断断尽,完全断除所有受贪嗔痴缠绕的欲求,远离享乐无所觊觎。正如经上说:“不胜任、阿阇世!无烦恼的比库不能享受欲乐,如同昔日为农夫之人。”此言余已不再多说。
Aparā uttamātherīgāthāvaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā. · 另一位伍答玛长老尼偈颂注释完毕。
4. Dantikātherīgāthāvaṇṇanā4. 丹提咖长老尼偈颂注释
Divāvihārā nikkhammātiādikā dantikāya theriyā gāthā. Ayampi purimabuddhesu katādhikārā tattha tattha bhave vivaṭṭūpanissayaṃ kusalaṃ upacinantī buddhasuññakāle candabhāgāya nadiyā tīre kinnarayoniyaṃ nibbatti. Sā ekadivasaṃ kinnarehi saddhiṃ kīḷantī vicaramānā addasa aññataraṃ paccekabuddhaṃ aññatarasmiṃ rukkhamūle divāvihāraṃ nisinnaṃ. Disvāna pasannamānasā upasaṅkamitvā sālapupphehi pūjaṃ katvā vanditvā pakkāmi. Sā tena puññakammena devamanussesu saṃsarantī imasmiṃ buddhuppāde sāvatthiyaṃ kosalarañño purohitabrāhmaṇassa gehe nibbattitvā viññutaṃ patvā jetavanapaṭiggahaṇe paṭiladdhasaddhā upāsikā hutvā pacchā mahāpajāpatigotamiyā santike pabbajitvā rājagahe vasamānā ekadivasaṃ pacchābhattaṃ gijjhakūṭaṃ abhiruhitvā divāvihāraṃ nisinnā hatthārohakassa abhiruhanatthāya pādaṃ pasārentaṃ hatthiṃ disvā tadeva ārammaṇaṃ katvā vipassanaṃ vaḍḍhetvā saha paṭisambhidāhi arahattaṃ pāpuṇi. Tena vuttaṃ apadāne (apa. therī 2.2.86-96) –
“白日游行出门”之类,是牙齿已脱落长老所作的颂歌。这也是古佛时代所作的功德颂,处处宣说福德因缘。佛涅槃时,于月光明彻的河滨,仙人所生之地,月宿与午犻二天交会之时,这位长老与金翅鸟戏耍时,见一特异的辟支佛,坐于树下白日静坐。见彼面容自若,长老即前往,献上沙梨花礼敬后离去。于是念此功德,长老因修福,生于天人和人间轮回中,位于这佛出世时的国,沙瓦提城-迦尸国王波罗提婆之宫,成为王宫婆罗门的胎胎。其后转生为信心具足信女,在摩揭陀王舍城近于大摩耶夫人处出家修行。居时一日,午饭后登上吉祥山,坐于白日禅那处。见一大象为骑手所扶展脚,长老遂以此树为缘起,增长观慧,俱修三藏解脱,成阿拉汉果。释迦佛于此佛迹传记经中宣说如是(出处婆罗门长老传 abhidhamma刊本篇 2.2.86-96)。
‘‘Candabhāgānadītīre , ahosiṃ kinnarī tadā;
在月光明彻河畔,我当时化为金翅鸟。
Addasaṃ virajaṃ buddhaṃ, sayambhuṃ aparājitaṃ.
见无垢净佛,常觉自现,无法战胜。
‘‘Pasannacittā sumanā, vedajātā katañjalī;
心清净喜悦,双手合十顶礼。
Sālamālaṃ gahetvāna, sayambhuṃ abhipūjayiṃ.
承持沙罗树枝条,恭敬礼赞自觉者。
‘‘Tena kammena sukatena, cetanāpaṇidhīhi ca;
凭此善业与正志愿,
Jahitvā kinnarīdehaṃ, tāvatiṃsamagacchahaṃ.
舍弃半人半鸟的形体,至尽未来世往。
‘‘Chattiṃsadevarājūnaṃ, mahesittamakārayiṃ;
为三十四天王,大自在者造作;
Manasā patthitaṃ mayhaṃ, nibbattati yathicchitaṃ.
此法臣服于我心,随心所欲而生。
‘‘Dasannaṃ cakkavattīnaṃ, mahesittamakārayiṃ;
为十方诸转轮圣王,大自在者所造;
Ocitattāva hutvāna, saṃsarāmi bhavesvahaṃ.
由于生起了厌离之心,我于现世轮回中离群出走。
‘‘Kusalaṃ vijjate mayhaṃ, pabbajiṃ anagāriyaṃ;
我有善法可得,已舍离俗世,出家为无家行者;
Pūjārahā ahaṃ ajja, sakyaputtassa sāsane.
今我舍弃供养,奉行释迦子教法。
‘‘Visuddhamanasā ajja, apetamanapāpikā;
今日心意清净,不住恶念。
Sabbāsavaparikkhīṇā, natthi dāni punabbhavo.
诸漏悉已断尽,现今无再生之虑。
‘‘Catunnavutito kappe, yaṃ buddhamabhipūjayiṃ;
在已历四十九劫中,我所礼敬的佛,
Duggatiṃ nābhijānāmi, sālamālāyidaṃ phalaṃ.
我不识得堕入恶趣,此果如枣莲果般显现。
‘‘Kilesā jhāpitā mayhaṃ…pe… kataṃ buddhassa sāsana’’nti.
曰:「烦恼已被我断尽……已随佛法所行。」
Arahattaṃ pana patvā attano paṭipattiṃ paccavekkhitvā pītisomanassajātā udānavasena –
然于证得阿拉汉果后,审视自身修行,生起喜乐安慰,如忉利天声起言——
§48
48.
‘‘Divāvihārā nikkhamma, gijjhakūṭamhi pabbate;
「白昼出游,登上鳩阇峰顶;
Nāgaṃ ogāhamuttiṇṇaṃ, nadītīramhi addasaṃ.
见越过龙王,临河岸边所在。
§49
49.
‘‘Puriso aṅkusamādāya, ‘dehi pāda’nti yācati;
有人持钯杖,以请脚蹬之状乞求;
Nāgo pasārayī pādaṃ, puriso nāgamāruhi.
龙伸展其足,人则登龙而上。
§50
50.
‘‘Disvā adantaṃ damitaṃ, manussānaṃ vasaṃ gataṃ;
『见狮子已被驯服,人类已归于其支配下;
Tato cittaṃ samādhesiṃ, khalu tāya vanaṃ gatā’’ti. – imā gāthā abhāsi;
于是心专注,甚是进入那树林,』此偈言说完毕。
Tattha nāgaṃ ogāhamuttiṇṇanti hatthināgaṃ nadiyaṃ ogāhaṃ katvā ogayha tato uttiṇṇaṃ. ‘‘Ogayha muttiṇṇa’’nti vā pāṭho. Ma-kāro padasandhikaro. Nadītīramhi addasanti candabhāgāya nadiyā tīre apassiṃ.
这里龙指涉越过江河的意,象龙越过江河后便上岸。『越过越得』之说或者是『越河而得解脱』,此为词尾接续之变。于江岸,见于月光照耀之江水边上。
Kiṃ karontanti cetaṃ dassetuṃ vuttaṃ ‘‘puriso’’tiādi. Tattha ‘dehi pāda’nti yācatīti ‘‘pādaṃ dehi’’iti piṭṭhiārohanatthaṃ pādaṃ pasāretuṃ saññaṃ deti, yathāparicitañhi saññaṃ dento idha yācatīti vutto.
『人做何事?』为此得见,故云『人』等。在此,『把脚给我』为乞求,也即『伸足而出』之意,为登山之善法观念。如同熟悉此义故求于此,故云乞求。
Disvā adantaṃ damitanti pakatiyā pubbe adantaṃ idāni hatthācariyena hatthisikkhāya damitadamathaṃ upagamitaṃ. Kīdisaṃ damitaṃ? Manussānaṃ vasaṃ gataṃ yaṃ yaṃ manussā āṇāpenti, taṃ taṃ disvāti yojanā. Tatocittaṃ samādhesiṃ, khalu tāya vanaṃ gatāti khalūti avadhāraṇatthe nipāto. Tato hatthidassanato pacchā, tāya hatthino kiriyāya hetubhūtāya, vanaṃ araññaṃ gatā cittaṃ samādhesiṃyeva. Kathaṃ? ‘‘Ayampi nāma tiracchānagato hatthī hatthidamakassa vasena damathaṃ gato, kasmā manussabhūtāya cittaṃ purisadamakassa satthu vasena damathaṃ na gamissatī’’ti saṃvegajātā vipassanaṃ vaḍḍhetvā aggamaggasamādhinā mama cittaṃ samādhesiṃ accantasamādhānena sabbaso kilese khepesinti attho.
『见狮子已被驯服』是从舌辩以前的狮子,如今由大象师以大象训狮之法所降伏。为何说为降伏?谓见到归于人类支配范围以内,任何人召唤的,均能响应,此为比喻。『于是心专注森林』中『甚是』有强调之意,谓由之前见象之观,自大象的行为而发,于森林入心专注。怎么说?『甚至此名为横行之大象,已因大象之驯服归于支配,何以心不能因为人之师资驯服而归入支配』?由此生起强烈正观,增长正见,以如入至上道之定,此心专注极为安住,彻底斩断诸贪欲,含义如此。
Dantikātherīgāthāvaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā. · 丹提咖长老尼偈颂注释完毕。
5. Ubbiritherīgāthāvaṇṇanā5. 伍比莉长老尼偈颂注释
Amma, jīvātiādikā ubbiriyā theriyā gāthā. Ayampi purimabuddhesu katādhikārā tattha tattha bhave vivaṭṭūpanissayaṃ kusalaṃ upacinantī padumuttarassa bhagavato kāle haṃsavatīnagare kulagehe nibbattitvā viññutaṃ pattā ekadivasaṃ mātāpitūsu maṅgalaṃ anubhavituṃ gehantaragatesu adutiyā sayaṃ gehe ohīnā upakaṭṭhāya velāya bhagavato sāvakaṃ ekaṃ khīṇāsavattheraṃ gehadvārasamīpena gacchantaṃ disvā bhikkhaṃ dātukāmā, ‘‘bhante, idha pavisathā’’ti vatvā there gehaṃ paviṭṭhe pañcapatiṭṭhitena theraṃ vanditvā gonakādīhi āsanaṃ paññāpetvā adāsi. Nisīdi thero paññatte āsane. Sā pattaṃ gahetvā piṇḍapātassa pūretvā therassa hatthe ṭhapesi. Thero anumodanaṃ katvā pakkāmi. Sā tena puññakammena tāvatiṃsesu nibbattitvā tattha yāvatāyukaṃ uḷāradibbasampattiṃ anubhavitvā tato cutā sugatīsuyeva saṃsarantī imasmiṃ buddhuppāde sāvatthiyaṃ gahapatimahāsālakule nibbattitvā ubbirīti laddhanāmā abhirūpā dassanīyā pāsādikā ahosi. Sā vayappattakāle kosalaraññā attano gehaṃ nītā, katipayasaṃvaccharātikkamena ekaṃ dhītaraṃ labhi. Tassā jīvantīti nāmaṃ akaṃsu . Rājā tassā dhītaraṃ disvā tuṭṭhamānaso ubbiriyā abhisekaṃ adāsi. Dhītā panassā ādhāvitvā paridhāvitvā vicaraṇakāle kālamakāsi. Mātā yattha tassā sarīranikkhepo kato, taṃ susānaṃ gantvā divase divase paridevati. Ekadivasaṃ satthu santikaṃ gantvā vanditvā thokaṃ nisīditvā gatā aciravatīnadiyā tīre ṭhatvā dhītaraṃ ārabbha paridevati. Taṃ disvā satthā gandhakuṭiyaṃ yathānisinnova attānaṃ dassetvā ‘‘kasmā vippalapasī’’ti pucchi. ‘‘Mama dhītaraṃ ārabbha vippalapāmi, bhagavā’’ti. ‘‘Imasmiṃ susāne jhāpitā tava dhītaro caturāsītisahassamattā, tāsaṃ katara sandhāya vippalapasī’’ti. Tāsaṃ taṃ taṃ āḷāhanaṭṭhānaṃ dassetvā –
尊母,称为『生命者』的河流之长老史诗。这些诗歌同样是过去诸佛时代做过的功德,其中分别记载了善因的展开缘起。于世尊舍卫城中汉莎瓦提的贵族之家诞生,得以觉悟。某日,在家中,为使父母获得吉祥而修福,第二次亲自回家,见佛陀的弟子中一位已断有漏的长老从家门前经过。偶遇之下,渴望布施给比库说:“比库啊,请入内。”言毕,抚迎长老入家中,以五名家人恭敬顶礼,安排座位。长老座于安排的座位。她接过布施蓖叶,盛满布施食物,置于长老手中。长老受得赞同,便退席离开。此善业福报,使她生于天界享受多劫天福;又因福德圆满,后生净土如来世界,转生世尊之下的舍卫城大富贵人家中,名为乌碧利娑,容貌端正,恭敬合宜,甚得人见。年老时,随从寡妇将其安置于迦萨国森林之中,日常游走于乡间。其母见她身体日渐衰败,便悲泣每日往来于坟场。一天,前往世尊处,顶礼坐下,随后往河畔站立,悲怆呼唤自己的女儿。世尊见之,坐于香亭示现,以问:“为何叹息?”答道:“我女儿已起悲叹,比库们。”世尊言:“此坟中埋有你女儿八万四千名众,她为谁哀叹?”随而示现众生轮转悲苦的情景——
§51
51.
‘‘Amma jīvāti vanamhi kandasi, attānaṃ adhigaccha ubbiri;
“母啊,生命者在森林中哭泣,求得觉悟吧,乌碧利娑;这八十四万众——皆为有生命者;她于此坟中沉眠,正为他们忧伤。”长老诵歌如此。
Cullāsītisahassāni, sabbā jīvasanāmikā;
这里,“尊母”指称以『生命者』名义哀悼女儿,这就是她悲叹的缘由。“森林中哭泣”谓于森林中悲伤啼哭。“求得觉悟吧,乌碧利娑”意指“乌碧利娑啊,你应当深知你自身为真理觉者。”“八十四万众”即八万四千众多生命者。“皆为有生命者”意谓凡一切有名者皆具生命。“她于此坟中沉眠”,即在此坟墓中安住沉眠。“正为他们忧伤”,是其流露悲悲恸恸之意。若由此推察可知,长老引导观者循着佛陀说法,依教理逐渐获得智慧,勤勉修习观照,借由佛陀教导,启发慧观止静,深知真实,从而坚定精进成就道果阿拉汉。这点在《阿阇世传》中有所记载。
Etamhāḷāhane daḍḍhā, tāsaṃ kamanusocasī’’ti. – saupaḍḍhagāthamāha;
“我昔在汉莎瓦提城中,那时还是一名少女。”——此为史诗的开始。
Tattha, amma, jīvāti mātupacāranāmena dhītuyā ālapanaṃ, idañcassā vippalapanākāradassanaṃ. Vanamhi kandasīti vanamajjhe paridevasi. Attānaṃ adhigaccha ubbirīti ubbiri tava attānameva tāva bujjhassu yāthāvato jānāhi. Cullāsītisahassānīti caturāsītisahassāni. Sabbā jīvasanāmikāti tā sabbāpi jīvanti, yā samānanāmikā. Etamhāḷāhane daḍḍhāti etamhi susāne jhāpitā. Tāsaṃ kamanusocasīti tāsu jīvantīnāmāsu caturāsītisahassamattāsu kaṃ sandhāya tvaṃ anusocasi anusokaṃ āpajjasīti evaṃ satthārā dhamme desite desanānusārena ñāṇaṃ pesetvā vipassanaṃ ārabhitvā satthu desanāvilāsena attano ca hetusampattiyā yathāṭhātāva vipassanaṃ ussukkāpetvā maggapaṭipāṭiyā aggaphale arahatte patiṭṭhāsi. Tena vuttaṃ apadāne (apa. therī 2.2.37-60) –
故此,此处尊母之称谓为『生命者』,以哀悼其女儿,这即是悲叹的由来。她在森林中哭泣,即于林中悲伤。说“你要觉悟,乌碧利娑”是劝她彻知自性,明察自我真相。八万四千众即八十四万众,是指数量众多的生命者。『皆为有生命者』是说所有有名者皆是生命者。说“沉眠在此坟中”,意谓众生在此生死轮回中安住此境。说“忧伤他们”,即为众生悲苦哀悼。长老借此示现众生轮转的苦难,让人依佛陀教理,领受智慧,引导修行内观,逐渐通达真理,发起正见和正精进,速证阿拉汉果位。此事在《古德婆萨那经》(apadāna)记载中亦有体现。
‘‘Nagare haṃsavatiyā, ahosiṃ bālikā tadā;
“我昔在汉莎瓦提城中,尚为一少女。”
Mātā ca me pitā ceva, kammantaṃ agamaṃsu te.
我母亲与我父亲,二人践行了因果业报。
‘‘Majjhanhikamhi sūriye, addasaṃ samaṇaṃ ahaṃ;
我在中午时分的太阳当空之际,见到了一名沙门;
Vīthiyā anugacchantaṃ, āsanaṃ paññapesahaṃ.
他沿着街道行进,我以智慧向他示现了座位;
‘‘Gonakāvikatikāhi, paññapetvā mamāsanaṃ;
他用季羯梨果供养我座,我欢喜奉献我的坐具;
Pasannacittā sumanā, idaṃ vacanamabraviṃ.
这时他心怀宁静、喜乐,向我说出了这些话;
‘‘Santattā kuthitā bhūmi, sūro majjhanhike ṭhito;
勇士站立于中午时分,土地沉寂安宁;
Mālutā ca na vāyanti, kālo cevettha mehiti.
湿气不吹动,时间也在此处安住。
‘‘Paññattamāsanamidaṃ, tavatthāya mahāmuni;
『这是指定的座位,为了你的利益,大圣者;
Anukampaṃ upādāya, nisīda mama āsane.
因慈悲之心,请坐于我的座位。』
‘‘Nisīdi tattha samaṇo, sudanto suddhamānaso;
那时沙门端坐,心清净心清明;
Tassa pattaṃ gahetvāna, yathārandhaṃ adāsahaṃ.
他接过那座位垫,放置得合适如先前。
‘‘Tena kammena sukatena, cetanāpaṇidhīhi ca;
以这善业和意愿的决心行事;
Jahitvā mānusaṃ dehaṃ, tāvatiṃsamagacchahaṃ.
舍弃了人身,前往塔婆提地方。
‘‘Tattha me sukataṃ byamhaṃ, āsanena sunimmitaṃ;
在那里我享受快乐,座位安稳华美;
Saṭṭhiyojanamubbedhaṃ, tiṃsayojanavitthataṃ.
浸溺于六十由旬之内,三十由旬之外的开阔境界。
‘‘Soṇṇamayā maṇimayā, athopi phalikāmayā;
金制宝玉装饰的,亦或是树叶制成的;
Lohitaṅgamayā ceva, pallaṅkā vividhā mama.
又有红绳制的各式床榻,是我所有。
‘‘Tūlikāvikatikāhi, kaṭṭissacittakāhi ca;
以刷子和尺子及竹签等细微工具,制成心意所欲之物;
Uddhaekantalomī ca, pallaṅkā me susaṇṭhitā.
头发直立,两鬓蓬松,床榻安稳整洁。
‘‘Yadā icchāmi gamanaṃ, hāsakhiḍḍasamappitā;
每当我愿意起身,伴随欢笑嬉戏的心情,
Saha pallaṅkaseṭṭhena, gacchāmi mama patthitaṃ.
便与床上的主宰同行,去往我所依止之地。
‘‘Asītidevarājūnaṃ, mahesittamakārayiṃ;
这是七十位天王中,最尊贵的天王所造之物;
Sattaticakkavattīnaṃ, mahesittamakārayiṃ.
亦是七十位世间主宰中,最尊贵的主宰所造之物。
‘‘Bhavābhave saṃsarantī, mahābhogaṃ labhāmahaṃ;
在生死轮回中周转,我获得极大的享乐。
Bhoge me ūnatā natthi, ekāsanassidaṃ phalaṃ.
「所受的享乐无所不具,无人不获一坐果报。」
‘‘Duve bhave saṃsarāmi, devatte atha mānuse;
「我生于两种世界,或为天界,或为人间;
Aññe bhave na jānāmi, ekāsanassidaṃ phalaṃ.
对别的世间我不知,只知此一坐果报。」
‘‘Duve kule pajāyāmi, khattiye cāpi brāhmaṇe;
「我生于两种家庭,或为士族,或为婆罗门;
Uccākulīnā sabbattha, ekāsanassidaṃ phalaṃ.
无论高贵出身何处,到处皆得一坐果报。」
‘‘Domanassaṃ na jānāmi, cittasantāpanaṃ mama;
「我不识苦恼之境,这是我内心痛苦之因。」
Vevaṇṇiyaṃ na jānāmi, ekāsanassidaṃ phalaṃ.
我不知此为何色,此乃单处所果。
‘‘Dhātiyo maṃ upaṭṭhanti, khujjā celāpikā bahū;
众多病苦侍我周围,背驼而瘦削者众多;
Aṅkena aṅkaṃ gacchāmi, ekāsanassidaṃ phalaṃ.
我以肢节行走,单处所结此果。
‘‘Aññā nhāpenti bhojenti, aññā ramenti maṃ sadā;
有人为我洗涤供养,有人时常以我娱乐;
Aññā gandhaṃ vilimpanti, ekāsanassidaṃ phalaṃ.
有人以香气涂抹我,此乃单处所结之果。
‘‘Maṇḍape rukkhamūle vā, suññāgāre vasantiyā;
于堂阁、树根之下,或于空室中住宿者也。
Mama saṅkappamaññāya, pallaṅko upatiṭṭhati.
我在念头察觉之际,床榻便已竖立。
‘‘Ayaṃ pacchimako mayhaṃ, carimo vattate bhavo;
『这是我西方之处,是我最后的所依;
Ajjāpi rajjaṃ chaḍḍetvā, pabbajiṃ anagāriyaṃ.
即使今日放弃国家,出家为无城游方者。』
‘‘Satasahassito kappe, yaṃ dānamadadiṃ tadā;
『在百千劫之前,我曾布施于他;
Duggatiṃ nābhijānāmi, ekāsanassidaṃ phalaṃ.
今于此坐所果报,我不识恶趣。』
‘‘Kilesā jhāpitā mayhaṃ…pe… kataṃ buddhassa sāsana’’nti.
『我之烦恼已被镇压……如是……已作佛陀教法所宣。』
Arahatte pana patiṭṭhāya attanā adhigatavisesaṃ pakāsentī –
然则阿拉汉已确立自身,显现所证特异境界,
§52
52.
‘‘Abbahī tava me sallaṃ, duddasaṃ hadayassitaṃ;
『父亲啊,你是我心中难见之箭,
Yaṃ me sokaparetāya, dhītusokaṃ byapānudi.
这箭由忧伤之外生,深及女儿的悲恸。
§53
53.
‘‘Sājja abbūḷhasallāhaṃ, nicchātā parinibbutā;
我即持那布满污砾的箭,已然止息灭绝;
Buddhaṃ dhammañca saṅghañca, upemi saraṇaṃ muni’’nti. –
我皈依佛、法与僧,皈依圣者』。
Imā dve gāthā abhāsi.
这两偈诵已被说出。
Tattha abbahī vata me sallaṃ, duddasaṃ hadayassitanti anupacitakusalasambhārehi yāthāvato duddasaṃ mama cittasannissitaṃ pīḷājananato dunnīharaṇato anto tudanato ca ‘‘salla’’nti laddhanāmaṃ sokaṃ taṇhañca abbahī vata nīhari vata. Yaṃ me sokaparetāyāti yasmā sokena abhibhūtāya mayhaṃ dhītusokaṃ byapānudi anavasesato nīhari, tasmā abbahī vata me sallanti yojanā.
那里,我实实在在地遭受痛苦苦楚,因心中聚集众多未净的恶不善法而困扰,这苦楚明显地作用于我心,使心受苦、受阻、闭塞、憋闷,内心如被针刺般痛苦。所谓“针刺”,即忧伤与渴爱,确实令我感到痛苦困扰。所谓令我忧伤至极者,乃是因忧伤凶猛地侵袭,使我难以摆脱内心由女儿的忧伤而生之痛苦,因此这“针刺”痛楚深重犹如度量单位“由旬”般广大。
Sājja abbūḷhasallāhanti sā ahaṃ ajja sabbaso uddhaṭataṇhāsallā tato eva nicchātā parinibbutā. Muninti sabbaññubuddhaṃ tadupadesitamaggaphalanibbānapabhedaṃ navavidhalokuttaradhammañca, tattha patiṭṭhitaṃ aṭṭhaariyapuggalasamūhasaṅkhātaṃ saṅghañca, anuttarehi tehi yojanato sakalavaṭṭadukkhavināsanato ca saraṇaṃ tāṇaṃ leṇaṃ parāyaṇanti, upemi upagacchāmi bujjhāmi sevāmi cāti attho.
我今日从忧伤的痛苦中完全解脱,就是说我已从狂躁的渴爱痛苦完全消退,随之归于宁静灭尽。称为圣者者,谓能通达一切的佛,即悉达多佛所说的教法、果位、涅槃的差别,特别是以八尊圣人(八圣人群)的名字所确立的僧团。经由这无上尊圣者们的联系,僧团成为度脱轮回苦难的依怙、避难所、遮护和终极归依,我依止该僧团,往来接近,深入理解,勤恳服务,这便是其义。
Ubbiritherīgāthāvaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā. · 伍比莉长老尼偈颂注释完毕。
6. Sukkātherīgāthāvaṇṇanā6. 苏咖长老尼偈颂注释
Kiṃme katā rājagahetiādikā sukkāya theriyā gāthā. Ayampi purimabuddhesu katādhikārā tattha tattha bhave vivaṭṭūpanissayaṃ kusalaṃ upacinantī vipassissa bhagavato kāle bandhumatīnagare kulagehe nibbattitvā viññutaṃ pattā upāsikāhi saddhiṃ vihāraṃ gantvā satthu santike dhammaṃ sutvā paṭiladdhasaddhā pabbajitvā bahussutā dhammadharā paṭibhānavatī ahosi. Sā tattha bahūni vassasahassāni brahmacariyaṃ caritvā puthujjanakālakiriyameva katvā tusite nibbatti. Tathā sikhissa bhagavato, vessabhussa bhagavato kāleti evaṃ tiṇṇaṃ sammāsambuddhānaṃ sāsane sīlaṃ rakkhitvā bahussutā dhammadharā ahosi, tathā kakusandhassa, koṇāgamanassa, kassapassa ca bhagavato sāsane pabbajitvā visuddhasīlā bahussutā dhammakathikā ahosi.
有关“我在王舍城曾作何功德”等开头的长老女比库颂诗说,这些功德也曾在古佛时代完成,是在各方的生命终结处,善巧地接纳并推重正见善法。婆罗门女子出身,在如来时期于拘尸那城内的亲族家庭中出生,因具智慧而领悟真理,结伴诸近事信士同住,听闻佛陀教法,生起坚固信心,便捨家出家,广泛听闻精通法义,成为精勤修习教法的人。她在那里度过许多千年苦行生活,最终于忉利天生成,该如此,谓彼如来、韦萨帕如来及迦叶如来时代,女子终持清净戒律,广闻法义,成为讲法者。
Evaṃ sā tattha tattha bahuṃ puññaṃ upacinitvā sugatīsuyeva saṃsarantī imasmiṃ buddhuppāde rājagahanagare gahapatimahāsālakule nibbatti, sukkātissā nāmaṃ ahosi. Sā viññutaṃ pattā satthu rājagahapavesane laddhappasādā upāsikā hutvā aparabhāge dhammadinnāya theriyā santike dhammaṃ sutvā sañjātasaṃvegā tassā eva santike pabbajitvā vipassanāya kammaṃ karontī nacirasseva saha paṭisambhidāhi arahattaṃ pāpuṇi. Tena vuttaṃ apadāne (apa. therī 2.4.111-142) –
她不断积累大量善业而成就安乐,生生世世往返轮回,如同众善之汇聚。她在这一佛出现之时,于拘尸那城的大家族中出生,名为苏迦提莎。她觉悟佛陀进入拘尸那城,乃是因得信心成为近事女,随后在长老女比库前听法时生起极大尘净恭敬,便于彼处出家,专修观法,不久便与佛同时证得般涅槃。佛典中如此记载(阿泼法尼长老女集第二篇111至142节)——
‘‘Ekanavutito kappe, vipassī nāma nāyako;
『第九百十劫,有名为毗婆尸的导者;
Uppajji cārudassano, sabbadhammavipassako.
他名为慈洁明朗者,善于观察一切法。』
‘‘Tadāhaṃ bandhumatiyaṃ, jātā aññatare kule;
当时我出生于亲戚之家,世代传承于别的家族中;
Dhammaṃ sutvāna munino, pabbajiṃ anagāriyaṃ.
听闻圣者的教法后,出家成为丛林中的游方行者;
‘‘Bahussutā dhammadharā, paṭibhānavatī tathā;
我广闻博学,承持法义,且具美妙的应答能力;
Vicittakathikā cāpi, jinasāsanakārikā.
并且善于不同的说法,皆是如来圣教的阐释者;
‘‘Tadā dhammakathaṃ katvā, hitāya janataṃ bahuṃ;
当时讲说佛法,为广大众生利益而作;
Tato cutāhaṃ tusitaṃ, upapannā yasassinī.
然后我离世,往生于兜率天,获得殊胜的荣耀。
‘‘Ekattiṃse ito kappe, sikhī viya sikhī jino;
“在三十三劫之前,有一位胜利者如同僧伽罗鸟般显赫;
Tapanto yasasā loke, uppajji vadataṃ varo.
他以威德而在世间照耀,成为诸人赞叹的尊者。
‘‘Tadāpi pabbajitvāna, buddhasāsanakovidā;
那时虽然已出家,且精通佛陀教法;
Jotetvā jinavākyāni, tatopi tidivaṃ gatā.
能广宣胜利者的言教,甚至飞升于三天之上。
‘‘Ekattiṃseva kappamhi, vessabhū nāma nāyako;
就在第九十三劫中,有一位名为婆沙佛的圣者;
Uppajjittha mahāñāṇī, tadāpi ca tathevahaṃ.
他生于世间具大智慧,当时我亦同处于彼时。
‘‘Pabbajitvā dhammadharā, jotayiṃ jinasāsanaṃ;
出家之后,承持法法,光明照耀圣者教法;
Gantvā marupuraṃ rammaṃ, anubhosiṃ mahāsukhaṃ.
往往来往于欢娱的尘世,曾体验极大安乐。
‘‘Imamhi bhaddake kappe, kakusandho jinuttamo;
于此吉祥劫中,迦拘施多乃圣者至上;
Uppajji narasaraṇo, tadāpi ca tathevahaṃ.
人道之所依,彼时我亦如此。
‘‘Pabbajitvā munimataṃ, jotayitvā yathāyukaṃ;
出家从圣哲之见,光明照耀正当之道;
Tato cutāhaṃ tidivaṃ, agaṃ sabhavanaṃ yathā.
然后于三天之后,超越一切有情生处而入灭。
‘‘Imasmiṃyeva kappamhi, koṇāgamananāyako;
「就在这同一劫中,群山之主出现;
Uppajji lokasaraṇo, araṇo amataṅgato.
此者是世间的归依者,森林中的至乐者,超越生死者。」
‘‘Tadāpi pabbajitvāna, sāsane tassa tādino;
「虽然如此,当时出家者依教法修行;
Bahussutā dhammadharā, jotayiṃ jinasāsanaṃ.
多闻而持法者,光明照耀如来教法。」
‘‘Imasmiṃyeva kappamhi, kassapo munimuttamo;
「就在这同一劫中,尊者咖萨巴为最上圣人出现;
Uppajji lokasaraṇo, araṇo maraṇantagū.
此者是世间的避难所,森林中的安乐者,灭尽生灭者。」
‘‘Tassāpi naravīrassa, pabbajitvāna sāsane;
又复次,彼人中丈夫,出家于此教法中时,
Pariyāpuṭasaddhammā, paripucchā visāradā.
于圆满信解、彻悟询问上极为精通。
‘‘Susīlā lajjinī ceva, tīsu sikkhāsu kovidā;
品行端正且不羞耻,于三种修习皆善巧,
Bahuṃ dhammakathaṃ katvā, yāvajīvaṃ mahāmune.
广演法义至诚至恳,终其一生,尊者如是。
‘‘Tena kammavipākena, cetanāpaṇidhīhi ca;
以斯业果报与意愿誓愿,
Jahitvā mānusaṃ dehaṃ, tāvatiṃsamagacchahaṃ.
弃弃人身,往至那由他寿命。
‘‘Pacchime ca bhave dāni, giribbajapuruttame;
“现在,在西方国度,位于吉利婆扎城的至高之处;
Jātā seṭṭhikule phīte, mahāratanasañcaye.
出身于富有的商贾之家,积聚了大量珍宝。
‘‘Yadā bhikkhusahassena, parivuto lokanāyako;
当时,有一千比库,作为天下的领导者环绕围绕;
Upāgami rājagahaṃ, sahassakkhena vaṇṇito.
来到王舍城,以千位的规模被称颂称誉。
‘‘Danto dantehi saha purāṇajaṭilehi, vippamutto vippamuttehi;
世尊与其门徒们一同,披着旧发狂野蓬乱,完全解脱、已得解脱;
Siṅgīnikkhasavaṇṇo, rājagahaṃ pāvisi bhagavā.
呈现出独特的鬃毛形态与金色光辉,世尊进入了王舍城。
‘‘Disvā buddhānubhāvaṃ taṃ, sutvāva guṇasañcayaṃ;
『见世尊如实教法之光显现,闻其具足德行之积聚,』
Buddhe cittaṃ pasādetvā, pūjayiṃ taṃ yathābalaṃ.
『心悦敬重于佛,恭敬供养,尽己之力。』
‘‘Aparena ca kālena, dhammadinnāya santike;
『继之于后时,亲近正法施与,』
Agārā nikkhamitvāna, pabbajiṃ anagāriyaṃ.
『出离家门,出家为无依无著之游方者。』
‘‘Kesesu chijjamānesu, kilese jhāpayiṃ ahaṃ;
『于发须毛时断除烦恼,努力修习禅定,』
Uggahiṃ sāsanaṃ sabbaṃ, pabbajitvā cirenahaṃ.
『广弘完整教法,长久修行出家生活。』
‘‘Tato dhammamadesesiṃ, mahājanasamāgame;
于是,在大众聚集之处,我宣说了法;
Dhamme desiyamānamhi, dhammābhisamayo ahu.
正在宣说法时,法的契会已然成就。
‘‘Nekapāṇasahassānaṃ, taṃ viditvātivimhito;
数千众生知道此事,心生疑虑,
Abhippasanno me yakkho, bhamitvāna giribbajaṃ.
然我意愿坚定的魔王,攀登山顶而来。
‘‘Kiṃme katā rājagahe manussā, madhuṃ pītāva acchare;
我问他们:在王舍城中,人们做了什么事,如同喝了蜜一般甜美;
Ye sukkaṃ na upāsanti, desentiṃ amataṃ padaṃ.
那些不敬奉佛法的人,无法听闻那不灭的涅槃境界。
‘‘Tañca appaṭivānīyaṃ, asecanakamojavaṃ;
『此者』者,不应责难之事,犹如未点燃的火种般微弱。
Pivanti maññe sappaññā, valāhakamivaddhagū.
饮之者,我意其皆智慧,犹如久日积存的陈酒。
‘‘Iddhīsu ca vasī homi, dibbāya sotadhātuyā;
在神通中,我曾具有主宰,乃具天耳根之能力。
Cetopariyañāṇassa, vasī homi mahāmune.
在心识的内在知识上,我亦为主人,大贤者啊。
‘‘Pubbenivāsaṃ jānāmi, dibbacakkhu visodhitaṃ;
我知前生所有住处,天眼已净无垢。
Sabbāsavaparikkhīṇā, natthi dāni punabbhavo.
所有烦恼皆已灭尽,现在不复有后世。
‘‘Atthadhammaniruttīsu, paṭibhāne tatheva ca;
『在义法的阐说中,及即席自发的说法,也如是。』
Ñāṇaṃ mama mahāvīra, uppannaṃ tava santike.
『我这大勇士的智识,已在您面前显现。』
‘‘Kilesā jhāpitā mayhaṃ…pe… kataṃ buddhassa sāsana’’nti.
『烦恼已被我抑制……如是……完成了佛陀的教法。』」
Arahattaṃ pana patvā pañcasatabhikkhuniparivārā mahādhammakathikā ahosi. Sā ekadivasaṃ rājagahe piṇḍāya caritvā katabhattakiccā bhikkhunupassayaṃ pavisitvā sannisinnāya mahatiyā parisāya madhubhaṇḍaṃ pīḷetvā sumadhuraṃ pāyentī viya amatena abhisiñcantī viya dhammaṃ deseti. Parisā cassā dhammakathaṃ ohitasotā avikkhittacittā sakkaccaṃ suṇāti. Tasmiṃ khaṇe theriyā caṅkamanakoṭiyaṃ rukkhe adhivatthā devatā dhammadesanāya pasannā rājagahaṃ pavisitvā rathiyāya rathiyaṃ siṅghāṭakena siṅghāṭakaṃ vicaritvā tassā guṇaṃ vibhāventī –
乃至在证得阿拉汉果之后,跟随五百比库众的法师长老成为伟大的讲法者。某日他在王舍城托钵行脚,完成叫饭供养的工作后,进入比库弟子住所,端坐于广大的僧众中,击碎蜂蜜器皿,如饮甘甜美味,涂抹佛法,恭敬讲说佛法。众僧听闻此法,不分散心,专心听法。他时刻,一位长老遮荫于长老訶摩树下,天神欢喜其讲法,进入王舍城,夜与夜,披着袈裟漫步,引申其美德-
§54
54.
‘‘Kiṃme katā rājagahe manussā, madhuṃ pītāva acchare;
『人们在王舍城做了什么,犹如饮蜜般甜美,
Ye sukkaṃ na upāsanti, desentiṃ buddhasāsanaṃ.
却不加恭敬地尊敬佛法。』
§55
55.
‘‘Tañca appaṭivānīyaṃ, asecanakamojavaṃ;
『那即为不容轻慢,具微妙迅速之义;』
Pivanti maññe sappaññā, valāhakamivaddhagū’’ti. –
『聪明者饮之,宛如灵药滋养滋长。』–
Imā dve gāthā abhāsi.
此两偈文如是宣说。
Tattha kiṃme katā rājagahe manussāti ime rājagahe manussā kiṃ katā, kismiṃ nāma kicce byāvaṭā. Madhuṃ pītāva acchareti yathā bhaṇḍamadhuṃ gahetvā madhuṃ pītavanto visaññino hutvā sīsaṃ ukkhipituṃ na sakkonti , evaṃ imepi dhammasaññāya visaññino hutvā maññe sīsaṃ ukkhipituṃ na sakkonti, kevalaṃ acchantiyevāti attho. Ye sukkaṃ naupāsanti, desentiṃ buddhasāsananti buddhassa bhagavato sāsanaṃ yāthāvato desentiṃ pakāsentiṃ sukkaṃ theriṃ ye na upāsanti na payirupāsanti. Te ime rājagahe manussā kiṃ katāti yojanā.
所谓『彼乃何为?在王舍城作何事?』即问此等『王舍城之人究竟作何事?于何事上有所牵挂?』譬如取蜜与饮蜜者,若蜂蜜器皿中取蜜饮用者,虽识蜜之味,却不能挤压破坏,于此义亦同,谓若亦识法理而不能毁损破坏,仅保持轻微之见解。此所谓唯有牵挂之义。若有人不乐于远离正法,诸如教诲佛陀圣法而诚如实宣说者,谓此为清净之尊者;反之若不乐不尊不奉行者,则是此王舍城众生所行之事,绵延有余之义。
Tañcaappaṭivānīyanti tañca pana dhammaṃ anivattitabhāvāvahaṃ niyyānikaṃ, abhikkantatāya vā yathā sotujanasavanamanoharabhāvena anapanīyaṃ, asecanakaṃ anāsittakaṃ pakatiyāva mahārasaṃ tato eva ojavantaṃ. ‘‘Osadha’’ntipi pāḷi. Vaṭṭadukkhabyādhitikicchāya osadhabhūtaṃ. Pivanti maññe sappaññā, valāhakamivaddhagūti valāhakantarato nikkhantaṃ udakaṃ nirudakakantāre pathagā viya taṃ dhammaṃ sappaññā paṇḍitapurisā pivanti maññe pivantā viya suṇanti.
所谓不容轻慢者,是指此法无可逆转之性,意在去邪恶,若如听闻众生之乐声诱人,非应爱欲;此法微妙迅速,不可玷污,不可染污,如大毒味;所谓灵药,是指能治愈轮回中苦业之毒。谓此法智者如饮其水,如行于旷野之井水,其声清澈可闻,智者闻已亦如饮受,此乃喻贤智者护持佛法智慧也。
Manussā taṃ sutvā pasannamānasā theriyā santikaṃ upasaṅkamitvā sakkaccaṃ dhammaṃ suṇiṃsu. Aparabhāge theriyā āyupariyosāne parinibbānakāle sāsanassa niyyānikabhāvavibhāvanatthaṃ aññaṃ byākarontī –
众生闻此法而生欢喜心,尊者们遂恭敬出入而听法。后段有一尊者于寿终临般涅槃时,为了发明证实此法不可违逆之性,作他种说明。
§56
56.
‘‘Sukkā sukkehi dhammehi, vītarāgā samāhitā;
『乐于安乐的法中,远离贪爱而专注,』
Dhāreti antimaṃ dehaṃ, jetvā māraṃ savāhana’’nti. – imaṃ gāthaṃ abhāsi;
『护持此最终之身,胜过魔王及其众徒。』——此偈如是说:
Tattha sukkāti sukkātherī attānameva paraṃ viya dasseti. Sukkehi dhammehīti suparisuddhehi lokuttaradhammehi. Vītarāgā samāhitāti aggamaggena sabbaso vītarāgā arahattaphalasamādhinā samāhitā. Sesaṃ vuttanayameva.
其中“乐”者,显示自我与他者的分别;“安乐的法”者,指世间之上清净的法;“远离贪爱而专注”者,借由最上级的阿拉汉果圣定而得全然远离贪爱之意。此乃对句中诸义的说明。
Sukkātherīgāthāvaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā. · 苏咖长老尼偈注释完毕。
7. Selātherīgāthāvaṇṇanā7. 谢喇长老尼偈注释
Natthinissaraṇaṃ loketiādikā selāya theriyā gāthā. Ayampi purimabuddhesu katādhikārā tattha tattha bhave vivaṭṭūpanissayaṃ kusalaṃ upacinantī haṃsavatīnagare kulagehe nibbattitvā viññutaṃ pattā mātāpitūhi samānajātikassa kulaputtassa dinnā, tena saddhiṃ bahūni vassasatāni sukhasaṃvāsaṃ vasitvā tasmiṃ kālaṅkate sayampi addhagatā vayoanuppattā saṃvegajātā kiṃkusalagavesinī kālena kālaṃ ārāmena ārāmaṃ vihārena vihāraṃ anuvicarati ‘‘samaṇabrāhmaṇānaṃ santike dhammaṃ sossāmī’’ti. Sā ekadivasaṃ satthu bodhirukkhaṃ upasaṅkamitvā ‘‘yadi buddho bhagavā asamo asamasamo appaṭipuggalo, dassetu me ayaṃ bodhi pāṭihāriya’’nti nisīdi. Tassā tathā cittuppādasamanantarameva bodhi pajjali, sabbasovaṇṇamayā sākhā uṭṭhahiṃsu, sabbā disā virociṃsu. Sā taṃ pāṭihāriyaṃ disvā pasannamānasā garucittīkāraṃ upaṭṭhapetvā sirasi añjaliṃ paggayha sattarattindivaṃ tattheva nisīdi. Sattame divase uḷāraṃ pūjāsakkāraṃ akāsi. Sā tena puññakammena devamanussesu saṃsarantī imasmiṃ buddhuppāde āḷavīraṭṭhe āḷavikassa rañño dhītā hutvā nibbatti. Selātissā nāmaṃ ahosi. Āḷavikassa pana rañño dhītāti katvā āḷavikātipi naṃ voharanti. Sā viññutaṃ pattā satthari āḷavakaṃ dametvā tassa hatthe pattacīvaraṃ datvā tena saddhiṃ āḷavīnagaraṃ upagate dārikā hutvā raññā saddhiṃ satthu santikaṃ upagantvā dhammaṃ sutvā paṭiladdhasaddhā upāsikā ahosi. Sā aparabhāge sañjātasaṃvegā bhikkhunīsu pabbajitvā katapubbakiccā vipassanaṃ paṭṭhapetvā saṅkhāre sammasantī upanissayasampannattā paripakkañāṇā nacirasseva arahattaṃ pāpuṇi. Tena vuttaṃ apadāne (apa. therī 2.2.61-85) –
“无缚解脱之世”等初始词,是由僧侣以铁器所作之偈。此偈亦曾由古佛时代的高僧所造,目的在各处诠释善法解脱缘起。她于海鹭城一贵族之家出生,由父母与同族赐有自由身份,年复数百载安居,届乎终老,觉得忧虑生起,乃以时光为尺度,游走于寺院之间,心念行者、婆罗门的法。她一日到佛陀树下,谓佛陀曰:“若佛为世尊,非凡非俗君,必显现此觉之威力。”遂坐定。心念缘起,顿悟觉境,金色树枝甫现,各方光明遍照。见此灵异迹象,她欢喜恭敬,心念清净,双手合十,坐于彼处七日。第七日虽气喘吁吁,犹行大礼敬奉。因其福业,生于天人、人间诸界,成为阿拉汉女,是阿拉罕长期修行者。名为铁器(塞拉)。她生时驯服诸师,接受袈裟衣钵,随师入舍,行未了事,先修观法,熄灭业缠,证得究竟阿拉汉果。此事记载于本生传记篇(亚洲长老传记卷2,61-85)。
‘‘Nagare haṃsavatiyā, cārikī āsahaṃ tadā;
『我昔居于海鹭城,乃是托钵女,』
Ārāmena ca ārāmaṃ, carāmi kusalatthikā.
『在寺院中流转,修习善法为事。』
‘‘Kāḷapakkhamhi divase, addasaṃ bodhimuttamaṃ;
「于黑鸟之日,我见最胜觉处;
Tattha cittaṃ pasādetvā, bodhimūle nisīdahaṃ.
于彼处安慰心志,坐于觉树根下。
‘‘Garucittaṃ upaṭṭhetvā, sire katvāna añjaliṃ;
秉持庄重之心,合掌奉首叩礼;
Somanassaṃ pavedetvā, evaṃ cintesi tāvade.
引发欢喜之念,思维至此如是。
‘‘Yadi buddho amitaguṇo, asamappaṭipuggalo;
若佛乃无量德者,非圆满具足之人;
Dassetu pāṭihīraṃ me, bodhi obhāsatu ayaṃ.
愿示我以疑惑证据,此觉理当昭彰。」
‘‘Saha āvajjite mayhaṃ, bodhi pajjali tāvade;
『与我同受阻碍者,愿觉知之光照耀至此时;』
Sabbasoṇṇamayā āsi, disā sabbā virocati.
『全身如黄金铸成,四方皆光明普照。』
‘‘Sattarattindivaṃ tattha, bodhimūle nisīdahaṃ;
『如同夜已七重,我于觉树根坐;』
Sattame divase patte, dīpapūjaṃ akāsahaṃ.
『至第七天时,点灯供养不曾息。』
‘‘Āsanaṃ parivāretvā, pañcadīpāni pajjaluṃ;
『整理好坐具,点燃五灯照明;』
Yāva udeti sūriyo, dīpā me pajjaluṃ tadā.
『直到太阳升起,彼时灯火依然明亮。』
‘‘Tena kammena sukatena, cetanāpaṇidhīhi ca;
凭借那善行,以及意愿的坚定决心,
Jahitvā mānusaṃ dehaṃ, tāvatiṃsamagacchahaṃ.
舍弃了人间的肉身,我前往那他维世。
‘‘Tattha me sukataṃ byamhaṃ, pañcadīpāti vuccati;
在那里,我获得了极大的善福,被称为五大陆。
Saṭṭhiyojanamubbedhaṃ, tiṃsayojanavitthataṃ.
其宽广绵延至六十由旬,三十由旬之宽阔。
‘‘Asaṅkhiyāni dīpāni, parivāre jaliṃsu me;
无数岛屿环绕其中,围绕着我的家园,
Yāvatā devabhavanaṃ, dīpālokena jotati.
直到天界宫殿,都被这群岛的光辉所照耀。
‘‘Parammukhā nisīditvā, yadi icchāmi passituṃ;
『头面朝前端坐』者,若我愿意观察时,
Uddhaṃ adho ca tiriyaṃ, sabbaṃ passāmi cakkhunā.
我以眼观察一切,上下前后三面皆尽见。
‘‘Yāvatā abhikaṅkhāmi, daṭṭhuṃ sugataduggate;
『我所欲尽观』者,无论善道恶道,
Tattha āvaraṇaṃ natthi, rukkhesu pabbatesu vā.
于其中无障碍,树林山岳皆通达。
‘‘Asītidevarājūnaṃ, mahesittamakārayiṃ;
『七十位天王』,称『至高天王』者,
Satānaṃ cakkavattīnaṃ, mahesittamakārayiṃ.
称『百位天王』,亦称『至高天王』。
‘‘Yaṃ yaṃ yonupapajjāmi, devattaṃ atha mānusaṃ;
『我每次投生』者,无论于天界或于人间,
Dīpasatasahassāni, parivāre jalanti me.
数千灯塔灯盏常围绕我燃烧。
‘‘Devalokā cavitvāna, uppajjiṃ mātukucchiyaṃ;
『离开诸天界后』,我于母胎中重新降生;
Mātukucchigatā santī, akkhi me na nimīlati.
於母胎中,我尚存时,眼睛却不曾关闭。
‘‘Dīpasatasahassāni, puññakammasamaṅgitā;
『千座灯塔』,因善业功德集聚而成;
Jalanti sūtikāgehe, pañcadīpānidaṃ phalaṃ.
它们在我母亲家的产室内点燃,作为这五灯的果报。
‘‘Pacchime bhave sampatte, mānasaṃ vinivattayiṃ;
「于前世终结之时,心志得以回转;
Ajarāmataṃ sītibhāvaṃ, nibbānaṃ phassayiṃ ahaṃ.
于无老死之清凉境界,我证得了涅槃。」
‘‘Jātiyā sattavassāhaṃ, arahattamapāpuṇiṃ;
「历经七十生,我得阿拉汉果;
Upasampādayī buddho, guṇamaññāya gotamo.
由如来亲授沙弥戒,悉知德行者果德玛。」
‘‘Maṇḍape rukkhamūle vā, suññāgāre vasantiyā;
「或居于亭阁,或栖于树根,或止于空屋;
Tadā pajjalate dīpaṃ, pañcadīpānidaṃ phalaṃ.
彼时点燃的灯火,五灯作为其果报显现。」
‘‘Dibbacakkhuvisuddhaṃ me, samādhikusalā ahaṃ;
‘我具足纯净天眼,善于禅定,
Abhiññāpāramippattā, pañcadīpānidaṃ phalaṃ.
通达神通境界,此即五灯之果。
‘‘Sabbavositavosānā, katakiccā anāsavā;
远离一切烦恼,完成该办之事,清净无染;
Pañcadīpā mahāvīra, pāde vandāmi cakkhuma.
我敬礼五灯伟岸,智慧妙眼足者。
‘‘Satasahassito kappe, yaṃ dīpamadadiṃ tadā;
于百千劫之前,当授此五灯时,
Duggatiṃ nābhijānāmi, pañcadīpānidaṃ phalaṃ.
我未曾堕恶道,此即五灯果报。
‘‘Kilesā jhāpitā mayhaṃ…pe… kataṃ buddhassa sāsana’’nti.
『烦恼被我所除……已于佛陀教法中所作之事』者。
Arahattaṃ pana patvā therī sāvatthiyaṃ viharantī ekadivasaṃ pacchābhattaṃ sāvatthito nikkhamitvā divāvihāratthāya andhavanaṃ pavisitvā aññatarasmiṃ rukkhamūle nisīdi. Atha naṃ māro vivekato vicchedetukāmo aññātakarūpena upagantvā –
比库尼得证阿拉汉果,常住舍卫城。一日饭后,从舍卫出城,入暗林,坐于一树根下。此时魔因内心寂静,欲断其离欲,化作他形亲近她,言曰:
§57
57.
‘‘Natthi nissaraṇaṃ loke, kiṃ vivekena kāhasi;
『世间无解脱,尔为何欲寂静?
Bhuñjāhi kāmaratiyo, māhu pacchānutāpinī’’ti. – gāthamāha;
当享受欲乐,勿后悔不安。』如是偈言。
Tassattho – imasmiṃ loke sabbasamayesupi upaparikkhīyamānesu nissaraṇaṃ nibbānaṃ nāma natthi tesaṃ tesaṃ samaṇabrāhmaṇānaṃ chandaso paṭiññāyamānaṃ vohāramattamevetaṃ, tasmā kiṃ vivekena kāhasi evarūpe sampannapaṭhamavaye ṭhitā iminā kāyavivekena kiṃ karissasi? Atha kho bhuñjāhi kāmaratiyo vatthukāmakilesakāmasannissitā khiḍḍāratiyo paccanubhohi. Kasmā? Māhu pacchānutāpinī ‘‘yadatthaṃ brahmacariyaṃ carāmi, tadeva nibbānaṃ natthi, tenevetaṃ nādhigataṃ, kāmabhogā ca parihīnā, anattho vata mayha’’nti pacchā vippaṭisārinī mā ahosīti adhippāyo.
于是说:在此世间,虽观诸时刻,解脱即涅槃实无;各部众沙门婆罗门之所追求者,唯止于行活之表象。故尔尔为何欲寂静?尔身已达最高离欲之境,将以身寂静作何用?然世间欲乐之者,基于色欲烦恼,尚沉迷戏乐。缘何如是?勿后悔不安者谓:『我修学梵行,彼即涅槃无有,业乐皆灭,我孤独无益。』后生反悔无所益故。
Taṃ sutvā therī ‘‘bālo vatāyaṃ māro, yo mama paccakkhabhūtaṃ nibbānaṃ paṭikkhipati. Kāmesu ca maṃ pavāreti, mama khīṇāsavabhāvaṃ na jānāti. Handa naṃ taṃ jānāpetvā tajjessāmī’’ti cintetvā –
闻此,彼比库尼思惟曰:「此魔真愚痴,恶念颠倒,诋毁我所证涅槃;引吾入欲,我具断尽烦恼之体性而不知。今日宜令其知晓。」渐起此念。
§58
58.
‘‘Sattisūlūpamā kāmā, khandhāsaṃ adhikuṭṭanā;
『欲』如三十三根针,积聚于蕴中;
Yaṃ tvaṃ kāmaratiṃ brūsi, aratī dāni sā mama.
你所称为欲乐之事,现在已对我无益。
§59
59.
‘‘Sabbattha vihatā nandī, tamokkhandho padālito;
『喜乐』已遍处破坏,蕴体已被摧残;
Evaṃ jānāhi pāpima, nihato tvamasi antakā’’ti. – imaṃ gāthādvayamāha;
恶人,当知如此,你已被终结者击杀。——此为两句偈语的内容;
Tattha sattisūlūpamā kāmāti kāmā nāma yena adhiṭṭhitā, tassa sattassa vinivijjhanato nisitasatti viya sūlaṃ viya ca daṭṭhabbā. Khandhāti upādānakkhandhā. Āsanti tesaṃ. Adhikuṭṭanāti chindanādhiṭṭhānā, accādānaṭṭhānanti attho. Yato khandhe accādāya sattā kāmehi chejjabhejjaṃ pāpuṇanti. Yaṃ tvaṃ kāmaratiṃ brūsi, arati dāni sā mamāti, pāpima, tvaṃ yaṃ kāmaratiṃ ramitabbaṃ sevitabbaṃ katvā vadasi, sā dāni mama niratijātikattā mīḷhasadisā, na tāya mama koci attho atthīti.
此处,所谓『欲如三十三根针』,指的是由欲分别所生,其断灭之时,就像三十三长根针一样该观察。『蕴』指执持之蕴,彼此盘踞。『积聚』意为结合积累,指蕴受、行、识被切断。因蕴界被斩断,众生由欲爱所支配,陷于痛苦难忍。『你所称为欲乐之事,现已对我无益』,此语意谓恶人言说他可随意行欲乐之事,但现今对我来说,这已无意义,无任何利益可得。
Tattha kāraṇamāha ‘‘sabbattha vihatā nandī’’tiādinā. Tattha evaṃ jānāhīti ‘‘sabbaso pahīnataṇhāvijjā’’ti maṃ jānāhi, tato eva balavidhamanavisayātikkamanehi antaka lāmakācāra, māra, tvaṃ mayā nihato bādhito asi, na panāhaṃ tayā bādhitabbāti attho.
又说『喜乐已遍处破坏』等,是指『完全断除渴取与无明』的境界。应知恶人,因超越四力斩断世间烦恼的终结者,即魔,已被我击杀压制,非彼能胜我。
Evaṃ theriyā māro santajjito tatthevantaradhāyi. Therīpi phalasamāpattisukhena andhavane divasabhāgaṃ vītināmetvā sāyanhe vasanaṭṭhānameva gatā.
如此,长老女比库们所遭遇的魔,真实确实为扰乱者。该长老女比库亦以得果之乐,度过森林中的白昼,至傍晚时分仅至所居之处。
Selātherīgāthāvaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā. · 谢喇长老尼偈注释完毕。
8. Somātherīgāthāvaṇṇanā8. 索玛长老尼偈注释
Yaṃtaṃ isīhi pattabbantiādikā somāya theriyā gāthā. Ayampi purimabuddhesu katādhikārā tattha tattha bhave vivaṭṭūpanissayaṃ kusalaṃ upacinantī sikhissa bhagavato kāle khattiyamahāsālakule nibbattitvā viññutaṃ patvā aruṇarañño aggamahesī ahosīti sabbaṃ atītavatthu abhayattheriyā vatthusadisaṃ. Paccuppannavatthu pana ayaṃ therī tattha tattha devamanussesu saṃsarantī imasmiṃ buddhuppāde rājagahe bimbisārassa rañño purohitassa dhītā hutvā nibbatti. Tassā somāti nāmaṃ ahosi. Sā viññutaṃ pattā satthu rājagahapavesane paṭiladdhasaddhā upāsikā hutvā aparabhāge sañjātasaṃvegā bhikkhunīsu pabbajitvā katapubbakiccā vipassanāya kammaṃ karontī na cirasseva saha paṭisambhidāhi arahattaṃ pāpuṇi. Tena vuttaṃ apadāne (apa. therī 2.1.71, 80-90) –
这段为赞颂如月长老女比库的颂歌。她曾于前佛时代在王族之中出生,出身王族即贵胄,是善行的依止,经历世间欢乐与苦难而觉悟。她于阿伦那野所称最尊贵的王族中出生,得闻佛法后成觉,如勇猛的优秀象王,故得此称号。传说过去及现在的缘起中,她在人间与天上众生间轮回,在此次佛出世王舍城时成为宾比萨拉王的祭司女儿,得名如月。得见佛陀入城时呈现了至尊信心,出家为比库尼,行善禅修观法,未久随佛同证阿拉汉果。据《阿陀那》中记有此传说(阿陀2.1.71、80-90)。
‘‘Nagare aruṇavatiyā, aruṇo nāma khattiyo;
『在阿伦那城,名为阿伦那的勇士;』
Tassa rañño ahuṃ bhariyā, vāritaṃ vārayāmahaṃ.
『其王之妻是我,我为其守护保护者。』
‘‘Yāvatā…pe… kataṃ buddhassa sāsana’’nti. –
『直到…(此处为省略)…佛陀之教法已成就。』
Sabbaṃ abhayattheriyā apadānasadisaṃ.
以上均为如月长老女比库的《阿陀那经》中记载的传说。
Arahattaṃ pana patvā vimuttisukhena sāvatthiyaṃ viharantī ekadivasaṃ divāvihāratthāya andhavanaṃ pavisitvā aññatarasmiṃ rukkhamūle nisīdi. Atha naṃ māro vivekato vicchedetukāmo adissamānurūpo upagantvā ākāse ṭhatvā –
比库已得阿拉汉果,安住于沙瓦提,身心得解脱之乐。一天白昼外出游行,进入森林之中,坐于一株树根下。此时魔欲断其独处之意,适意现身,立于虚空。
§60
60.
‘‘Yaṃ taṃ isīhi pattabbaṃ, ṭhānaṃ durabhisambhavaṃ;
『那独处处所为比库所当修行,然此处难以获得,罕有之地;
Na taṃ dvaṅgulapaññāya, sakkā pappotumitthiyā’’ti. – imaṃ gāthamāha;
非凭区区两指智慧,男子不得涉足其中。』此偈如是说;
Tassattho – sīlakkhandhādīnaṃ esanaṭṭhena ‘‘isī’’ti laddhanāmehi buddhādīhi mahāpaññehi pattabbaṃ, taṃ aññehi pana durabhisambhavaṃ dunnipphādanīyaṃ. Yaṃ taṃ arahattasaṅkhātaṃ paramassāsaṭṭhānaṃ, na taṃ dvaṅgulapaññāya nihīnapaññāya itthiyā pāpuṇituṃ sakkā. Itthiyo hi sattaṭṭhavassakālato paṭṭhāya sabbakālaṃ odanaṃ pacantiyo pakkuthite udake taṇḍule pakkhipitvā ‘‘ettāvatā odanaṃ pakka’’nti na jānanti, pakkuthiyamāne pana taṇḍule dabbiyā uddharitvā dvīhi aṅgulīhi pīḷetvā jānanti, tasmā dvaṅgulipaññāyāti vuttā.
作者释义——比库及如来诸大智慧圣者以“独处”之名,为引诱如律之戒法蕴等诸法修持者,而谓此为当得之处。然对他人而言,此处极难得,难以成就、难以荏苒。此为阿拉汉名列极上之六十处,非凭区区两拇指之智慧,女子以愚钝无慧不能涉足。女子因于七十年来,日常燃饭,每时用水煮饭,置于锅中曰『饭已熟』而不知,唯煮时采取饭食,以两指捻压而知熟,故名二指智慧。
Taṃ sutvā therī māraṃ apasādentī –
长老妇人闻此,心生恶感,对魔说:
§61
61.
‘‘Itthibhāvo no kiṃ kayirā, cittamhi susamāhite;
『女子境况怎会作此?心神非常专注,……』
Ñāṇamhi vattamānamhi, sammā dhammaṃ vipassato.
于智识中起用时,正知正见法得究竟观照。
§62
62.
‘‘Sabbattha vihatā nandī, tamokkhandho padālito;
『处处无所羁绊喜乐已灭,黑暗烦恼根本堕落毁坏;』
Evaṃ jānāhi pāpima, nihato tvamasi antakā’’ti. –
如是应知恶者,你已被灭绝而为终结者。」
Itarā dve gāthā abhāsi.
又说两偈。
Tattha itthibhāvo no kiṃ kayirāti mātugāmabhāvo amhākaṃ kiṃ kareyya, arahattappattiyā kīdisaṃ vibandhaṃ uppādeyya. Cittamhi susamāhiteti citte aggamaggasamādhinā suṭṭhu samāhite. Ñāṇamhi vattamānamhīti tato arahattamaggañāṇe pavattamāne. Sammā dhammaṃ vipassatoti catusaccadhammaṃ pariññādividhinā sammadeva passato. Ayañhettha saṅkhepo – pāpima, itthī vā hotu puriso vā, aggamagge adhigate arahattaṃ hatthagatamevāti.
此中说『女性性别者不可如何』之意,实为女性群体对我等无益。谓阿拉汉果已得,何以增加阻碍?意指心已安住,心中得最胜正行禅定而善调伏。于智识运转亦然,是指入阿拉汉道智身份之时,正智照法而全面洞达四圣谛法义,真实明了。如是简要说:恶者,无论女或男,已入最胜道且得阿拉汉果已成事实也。
Idāni tassa attanā adhigatabhāvaṃ ujukameva dassentī ‘‘sabbattha vihatā nandī’’ti gāthamāha. Sā vuttatthāyeva.
此时显露其自身已得果身,直言示现『处处无羁绊喜乐已灭』之句。此偈所言正是该义。
Somātherīgāthāvaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā. · 索玛长老尼偈注释完毕。
Tikanipātavaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā. · 三集注释完毕。