18. Cattālīsanipāto · 18. 四十集义注
18. Cattālīsanipāto十八、四十集
1. Mahākassapattheragāthāvaṇṇanā一、大咖萨巴长老偈注释
Cattālīsanipāte na gaṇena purakkhatotiādikā āyasmato mahākassapattherassa gāthā. Kā uppatti? Ayaṃ kira padumuttarassa bhagavato kāle haṃsavatīnagare vedeho nāma asītikoṭivibhavo kuṭumbiko ahosi. So buddhamāmako, dhammamāmako, saṅghamāmako upāsako hutvā viharanto ekasmiṃ uposathadivase pātova subhojanaṃ bhuñjitvā uposathaṅgāni adhiṭṭhāya gandhapupphādīni gahetvā vihāraṃ gantvā satthāraṃ pūjetvā vanditvā ekamantaṃ nisīdi.
在《四十四部集》中,并非作为部派先行者之类的是尊大咖萨巴长老的偈语。这是怎样产生的呢?据说这发生于如来莲花出世时,时代是在鹅舍那城,名为韦提陀,家财资产超过八千万的富有之家。他作为佛所善养的护法,法所善养的护法,僧所善养的护法,曾是居士。某一持浴日,他先食用洁净的主食,依法持守浴日规戒,手持香花前往住处,礼敬师长,敬礼后独自端坐一隅。
Tasmiñca khaṇe satthā mahānisabhattheraṃ nāma tatiyasāvakaṃ ‘‘etadaggaṃ, bhikkhave, mama sāvakānaṃ bhikkhūnaṃ dhutavādānaṃ, yadidaṃ nisabho’’ti etadagge ṭhapesi. Upāsako taṃ sutvā pasanno dhammakathāvasāne mahājane uṭṭhāya gate satthāraṃ vanditvā ‘‘sve mayhaṃ bhikkhaṃ adhivāsethā’’ti nimantesi. ‘‘Mahā kho, upāsaka , bhikkhusaṅgho’’ti. ‘‘Kittako, bhante’’ti? ‘‘Aṭṭhasaṭṭhibhikkhusatasahassa’’nti. ‘‘Bhante, ekaṃ sāmaṇerampi vihāre asesetvā mayhaṃ bhikkhaṃ adhivāsethā’’ti. Satthā adhivāsesi. Upāsako satthu adhivāsanaṃ viditvā gehaṃ gantvā mahādānaṃ sajjetvā punadivase satthu kālaṃ ārocāpesi. Satthā pattacīvaramādāya bhikkhusaṅghaparivuto upāsakassa gharaṃ gantvā paññattāsane nisinno dakkhiṇodakāvasāne yāguādīni sampaṭicchanto bhattavissaggaṃ akāsi. Upāsakopi satthu santike nisīdi.
此时世尊为名为大尼萨婆长老的第三位弟子,一面宣说“这最尊贵的,比库们,你们的比库弟子们中,真实纯净的言论,是这尊者”,并将他称为尊者。居士闻听此语,心悦诚服,在法会结束时起身,回向众多大众,礼敬世尊,然后请许:“愿我的比库弟子们住在我这里。”世尊答曰:“居士啊,这比库僧团广大宏盛。”“多少呢?”居士问。“八千六百名比库。”居士请:“大师,愿一名沙玛内拉单独居于此安住,让他们住我这里。”世尊应允。居士知悉世尊的许可后,归家施行大布施。翌日又至,于世尊时间,世尊持教衣,僧众相随,至居士家中坐于约定座位,接受供养祭祀,举行饭食供养。居士也在世尊左右端坐。
Tasmiṃ antare mahānisabhatthero piṇḍāya caranto tameva vīthiṃ paṭipajji. Upāsako disvā uṭṭhāya gantvā theraṃ vanditvā ‘‘pattaṃ, bhante, dethā’’ti āha. Thero pattaṃ adāsi. ‘‘Bhante, idheva pavisatha, satthāpi gehe nisinno’’ti. ‘‘Na vaṭṭissati, upāsakā’’ti. So therassa pattaṃ gahetvā piṇḍapātassa pūretvā adāsi. Tato theraṃ anugantvā nivatto satthu santike nisīditvā evamāha – ‘‘mahānisabhatthero, bhante, ‘satthāpi gehe nisinno’ti vuttepi pavisituṃ na icchi, atthi nu kho etassa tumhākaṃ guṇehi atirekaguṇo’’ti. Buddhānañca vaṇṇamaccheraṃ nāma natthi, tasmā satthā evamāha – ‘‘upāsaka, mayaṃ bhikkhaṃ āgamayamānā gehe nisīdāma, so pana bhikkhu na evaṃ nisīditvā bhikkhaṃ udikkhati, mayaṃ gāmantasenāsane vasāma, so araññasmiṃyeva vasati, mayaṃ channe vasāma, so abbhokāseyeva vasatī’’ti bhagavā ‘‘ayañca ayañcetassa guṇo’’ti mahāsamuddaṃ pūrayamāno viya tassa guṇaṃ kathesi.
此时大尼萨婆长老托钵乞食,顺着那条路而去。居士见之,起身前往,敬礼长老,请其接受符节。长老授予符节。居士说:“师父,请入内居住,世尊也坐于家中。”长老答:“不会造成不和谐的,居士啊。”居士取符节,装满乞食,呈上给长老。然后随长老回行,回到世尊左右端坐,言曰:“大尼萨婆长老,您曾说‘世尊也坐于家中’,但其实他不愿入内,有无您们弟子们所具的超越之德?”世尊答曰:“在诸佛中,无所谓较长短的差别。因此我虽在家中坐,却不依然坐,只住乡郊庄园,他住林中,我住洞穴,他住空旷,我住密居。”世尊称此为各自之德,如同充满大海般广大的德行。
Upāsako pakatiyāpi jalamānapadīpo telena āsitto viya suṭṭhutaraṃ pasanno hutvā cintesi – ‘‘kiṃ mayhaṃ aññāya sampattiyā, anāgate ekassa buddhassa santike dhutavādānaṃ aggabhāvatthāya patthanaṃ karissāmī’’ti. So punapi satthāraṃ nimantetvā teneva niyāmena satta divase mahādānaṃ datvā sattame divase buddhappamukhassa mahābhikkhusaṅghassa ticīvarāni datvā satthu pādamūle nipajjitvā evamāha – ‘‘yaṃ me, bhante, satta divase dānaṃ dentassa mettaṃ kāyakammaṃ, mettaṃ vacīkammaṃ, mettaṃ manokammaṃ paccupaṭṭhitaṃ, imināhaṃ na aññaṃ devasampattiṃ vā sakkamārabrahmasampattiṃ vā patthemi, idaṃ pana me kammaṃ anāgate ekassa buddhassa santike mahānisabhattherena pattaṭṭhānantaraṃ pāpuṇanatthāya terasadhutaṅgadharānaṃ aggabhāvassa adhikāro hotū’’ti. Satthā ‘‘mahantaṃ ṭhānaṃ iminā patthitaṃ, samijjhissati nu kho, no’’ti olokento samijjhanabhāvaṃ disvā āha – ‘‘manāpaṃ te ṭhānaṃ patthitaṃ, anāgate satasahassakappāvasāne gotamo nāma buddho uppajjissati , tassa tvaṃ tatiyasāvako mahākassapatthero nāma bhavissasī’’ti byākāsi. Taṃ sutvā upāsako ‘‘buddhānaṃ dve kathā nāma natthī’’ti punadivase pattabbaṃ viya taṃ sampattiṃ amaññittha. So yāvatāyukaṃ dānaṃ datvā, sīlaṃ samādāya rakkhitvā, nānappakāraṃ kalyāṇakammaṃ katvā, kālaṃ katvā, sagge nibbatti.
居士坐在池水边上的灯油瓶旁,心情安然愉悦,思惟道:“我今所作修行,若能为未来一佛时代,纯正言教弟子的首领奠基,即以此为起点。”于是请世尊回至己方,以此决定,七天内广行大布施。第七天,将三衣布施与佛陀、大比库众授。亲近世尊足下,作此愿言:“尊者,至心身语意善业随顺布施,使我未来为一佛时代世尊大尼萨婆长老符印之继承者。”世尊看之,视若大地稳固,予以赞叹说:“汝已夺得伟大的地位,若浊世末间,名为果德玛之佛出现,汝必是第三弟子长老大咖萨巴。”居士闻此,心念:“二佛之间无所传闻,”遂放下此功德,继续布施,持戒保护,成就善业,如期天生。
Tato paṭṭhāya devamanussesu sampattiṃ anubhavanto ito ekanavute kappe vipassisammāsambuddhe bandhumatīnagaraṃ upanissāya kheme migadāye viharante devalokā cavitvā aññatarasmiṃ parijiṇṇabrāhmaṇakule nibbatti. Tasmiñca kāle vipassī bhagavā sattame sattame saṃvacchare dhammaṃ kathesi, mahantaṃ kolāhalaṃ hoti. Sakalajambudīpe devatā ‘‘satthā dhammaṃ kathessatī’’ti ārocesuṃ. Brāhmaṇo taṃ sāsanaṃ assosi . Tassa ca nivāsanasāṭako ekoyeva hoti, tathā brāhmaṇiyā. Pārupanaṃ pana dvinnampi ekameva. So sakalanagare ‘‘ekasāṭakabrāhmaṇo’’ti paññāyi. So brāhmaṇānaṃ kenacideva kiccena sannipāte sati brāhmaṇiṃ gehe ṭhapetvā sayaṃ taṃ vatthaṃ pārupitvā gacchati. Brāhmaṇīnaṃ sannipāte sati sayaṃ gehe acchati, brāhmaṇī taṃ vatthaṃ pārupitvā gacchati. Tasmiṃ pana divase brāhmaṇo brāhmaṇiṃ āha – ‘‘bhoti, kiṃ rattiṃ dhammaṃ suṇissasi, divā’’ti? ‘‘Mayaṃ mātugāmajātikā nāma rattiṃ sotuṃ na sakkoma, divā sossāmā’’ti brāhmaṇaṃ gehe ṭhapetvā taṃ vatthaṃ pārupitvā upāsikāhi saddhiṃ divā gantvā satthāraṃ vanditvā ekamante nisinnā dhammaṃ sutvā upāsikāhiyeva saddhiṃ āgamāsi. Atha brāhmaṇo brāhmaṇiṃ gehe ṭhapetvā taṃ vatthaṃ pārupitvā vihāraṃ gato.
此后享受天人与人间之福,于一九百数劫后的果德玛正觉时代,生于亲近故世的城邑,安住于鹿野苑。时果德玛世尊七年七年宣说法教,极大威音轰动一切。然整个珍珠大陆诸天共语:“世尊将宣说法。”一婆罗门闻说法教。如其家庭规模,一处居室,仅有一室及婆罗门妻一人。邻近亦如此。城中传呼此人为“一处有居的婆罗门”。此婆罗门奉一项职责,邀妻入住家内,自备衣物穿着。妻供养衣物,离舍而往。那一天,婆罗门问妻:“夫人,夜间不可听法,白日如何?”妻答:“我们二人出生母族,夜间不能听,白日听之。”遂在家内供养衣物,伴随居士一同白日赴法敬礼,独坐一隅听世尊法,而妻同往听法。事毕,婆罗门亦依此而居家离去。
Tasmiṃ samaye satthā parisamajjhe alaṅkatadhammāsane nisinno cittabījaniṃ ādāya ākāsagaṅgaṃ otārento viya, sineruṃ manthaṃ katvā sāgaraṃ nimmathento viya, dhammakathaṃ kathesi. Brāhmaṇassa parisapariyante nisinnassa dhammaṃ suṇantassa paṭhamayāmasmiṃyeva sakalasarīraṃ pūrayamānā pañcavaṇṇā pīti uppajji. So pārutavatthaṃ saṅgharitvā ‘‘dasabalassa dassāmī’’ti cintesi. Athassa ādīnavasahassaṃ dassayamānaṃ maccheraṃ uppajji. So ‘‘brāhmaṇiyā mayhañca ekameva vatthaṃ, aññaṃ kiñci pārupanaṃ natthi, apārupitvā ca nāma bahi vicarituṃ na sakkā’’ti sabbathāpi adātukāmo ahosi, athassa nikkhante paṭhamayāme majjhimayāmepi tatheva pīti uppajji. Tatheva cintetvā tatheva adātukāmo ahosi. Athassa majjhimayāme nikkhante pacchimayāmepi tatheva pīti uppajji. Tadā so ‘‘yaṃ vā hotu taṃ vā pacchāpi jānissāmī’’ti vatthaṃ saṅgharitvā satthu pādamūle ṭhapesi. Tato vāmahatthaṃ ābhujitvā dakkhiṇena hatthena tikkhattuṃ apphoṭetvā ‘‘jitaṃ me, jitaṃ me’’ti tayo vāre nadi.
当时,世尊在法会之中端坐讲论饰法,收取心种,如同银河流注,犹若搅动甘露海,平息波浪一般,宣说法义。婆罗门坐于诸人的中央,初听法时,神思满身泛起五色喜悦。他整齐收藏衣物,念诵:“我要显现十种威力。”但随后生恼怒,如同被毒物缠绕。他不愿分散物品,也无法外出游行,因无异物可收藏,心境处处不舒适。次第进入法会之中,居中时亦生欢乐,念头如前,依然厌厌不欲。其后居中时退出,西边所在亦如欢乐。于是想:“无论如何,事后自然知晓。”他将衣物收好,置于世尊足前。右手展开后又缩拢,反复三次,称赞道:“我已获胜,我已获胜。”三次流泪于河畔。
Tasmiñca samaye bandhumarājā dhammāsanassa pacchato antosāṇiyaṃ nisinno dhammaṃ suṇāti. Rañño ca nāma ‘‘jitaṃ me’’ti saddo amanāpo hoti . So purisaṃ pesesi – ‘‘gaccha, etaṃ puccha kiṃ vadasī’’ti. So tena gantvā pucchito ‘‘avasesā hatthiyānādīni āruyha asicammādīni gahetvā parasenaṃ jinanti, na taṃ acchariyaṃ. Ahaṃ pana pacchato āgacchantassa kūṭagoṇassa muggarena sīsaṃ bhinditvā taṃ palāpento viya maccheracittaṃ madditvā pārutavatthaṃ dasabalassa adāsiṃ, taṃ me macchariyaṃ jita’’nti āha. So puriso āgantvā taṃ pavattiṃ rañño ārocesi. Rājā āha – ‘‘amhe, bhaṇe, dasabalassa anurūpaṃ na jānimha, brāhmaṇo jānī’’ti vatthayugaṃ pesesi. Taṃ disvā brāhmaṇo cintesi – ‘‘ayaṃ mayhaṃ tuṇhīnisinnassa paṭhamaṃ kiñci adatvā satthu guṇe kathentassa adāsi. Satthu guṇe paṭicca uppannena pana mayhaṃ ko attho’’ti tampi vatthayugaṃ dasabalasseva adāsi. Rājāpi ‘‘kiṃ brāhmaṇena kata’’nti pucchitvā ‘‘tampi tena vatthayugaṃ tathāgatasseva dinna’’nti sutvā aññānipi dve vatthayugāni pesesi, so tānipi adāsi. Rājā aññānipi cattārīti evaṃ yāva dvattiṃsavatthayugāni pesesi. Atha brāhmaṇo ‘‘idaṃ vaḍḍhetvā vaḍḍhetvā gahaṇaṃ viya hotī’’ti attano atthāya ekaṃ, brāhmaṇiyā ekanti dve vatthayugāni gahetvā tiṃsayugāni tathāgatasseva adāsi. Tato paṭṭhāya ca so satthu vissāsiko jāto.
彼时,亲王班都摩王坐于法座之后的内座上听闻法。国王心中念佛名“我已征服”,那声音清晰悦耳。他派人去问:“去,问他说了什么。”使者前去问讯,答曰:“他们正合力使用象牙等兵器,拿各种武器相斗,彼此争胜,这并不奇怪。我自己用棍棒打断了从背后来的凶狠盗贼的头颅,像诱捕鱼般镇服他,以十头象的力量给他以教训,这叫我征服他。”使者返还这个经过向国王报告。国王说:“我对此十头象的情况不甚了解,你去让婆罗门来告诉我。”使者便去叫来婆罗门。婆罗门思忖:“这位寂坐于我处,初次放出点滴恩典歌颂佛陀功德。既因佛陀德行生赞扬于我,那我又有何益?”于是也把这十头象的评价如法向国王回赠。国王问:“婆罗门说了什么?”得知婆罗门同样赠与一卷经文后,又赐给他另二卷。国王共赠四卷,反复送至三十二卷。婆罗门心想:“这些经卷愈加增多,像牢固的篱笆一样。”于是自己取一卷,交与一位婆罗门妇人,两人合计共三十卷,一并赏赐如来。由此,婆罗门对佛陀生起坚定信心。
Atha naṃ rājā ekadivasaṃ sītasamaye satthu santike dhammaṃ suṇantaṃ disvā satasahassagghanakaṃ attanā pārutarattakambalaṃ datvā āha – ‘‘ito paṭṭhāya imaṃ pārupitvā dhammaṃ suṇāhī’’ti. So ‘‘kiṃ me iminā kambalena imasmiṃ pūtikāye upanītenā’’ti cintetvā antogandhakuṭiyaṃ tathāgatassa mañcassa upari vitānaṃ katvā agamāsi. Athekadivasaṃ rājā pātova vihāraṃ gantvā antogandhakuṭiyaṃ satthu santike nisīdi. Tasmiñca samaye chabbaṇṇā buddharasmiyo kambale paṭihaññanti, kambalo ativiya virocati. Rājā ullokento sañjānitvā āha – ‘‘amhākaṃ, bhante, esa kambalo, amhehi ekasāṭakabrāhmaṇassa dinno’’ti. ‘‘Tumhehi, mahārāja, brāhmaṇo pūjito, brāhmaṇena mayaṃ pūjitā’’ti. Rājā ‘‘brāhmaṇo yuttaṃ aññāsi, na maya’’nti pasīditvā yaṃ manussānaṃ upakārabhūtaṃ, taṃ sabbaṃ aṭṭhaṭṭhakaṃ katvā sabbaṭṭhakaṃ nāma dānaṃ datvā purohitaṭṭhāne ṭhapesi. Sopi ‘‘aṭṭhaṭṭhakaṃ nāla catusaṭṭhi hotī’’ti catusaṭṭhi salākabhattāni upanibandhāpetvā yāvajīvaṃ dānaṃ datvā sīlaṃ rakkhitvā tato cuto sagge nibbatti.
后来一日,国王于凉爽季节,在佛陀面前听法,报答使者,送出一百千重的紫色最上等袈裟,说:“以后请披此袈裟听法。”佛陀思忖:“我为何受此袈裟,作为我的充分衣?”随即来到佛陀小屋的内室床榻上,展开此袈裟披盖其上。一日,国王一早前往佛寺,坐于佛陀内室。那时多彩佛光在袈裟上反射,袈裟色彩特别明亮。国王见此,了然有二月至三个月前一婆罗门赠者。国王说:“你们,国王大人,此袈裟乃受婆罗门供养,我们因婆罗门被尊敬而得此。”国王喜悦说:“婆罗门智慧甚高,非我也。”遂将一切人所供布施的东西,分八分结为八份,称其为分八布施,安置于国师之处。国师说:“分八约等于六十四。”用六十四根签绑成一束,终其一生布施,坚持持戒,之后往生天上。
Puna tato cuto imasmiṃ kappe koṇāgamanassa ca bhagavato kassapadasabalassa cāti dvinnaṃ buddhānaṃ antare bārāṇasiyaṃ kuṭumbiyaghare nibbatto. So vuddhimanvāya gharāvāsaṃ vasanto ekadivasaṃ araññe jaṅghavihāraṃ carati. Tasmiñca samaye paccekabuddho nadītīre cīvarakammaṃ karonto anuvāte appahonte saṅgharitvā ṭhapetuṃ āraddho. So disvā ‘‘kasmā, bhante, saṅgharitvā ṭhapethā’’ti āha. ‘‘Anuvāto nappahotī’’ti. ‘‘Iminā, bhante, karothā’’ti uttarasāṭakaṃ datvā ‘‘nibbattanibbattaṭṭhāne me kenaci parihāni mā hotū’’ti patthanaṃ paṭṭhapesi.
继而于此劫,枯那迦曼尊者与葛萨巴那尊者,二佛间有一佛在巴拉那西的家中出生。尊者于壮年期间常住家中,一日外出森林中行走。那时辟支佛正在河岸行持领取衣钵之仪式,边走边毗连他人,细心包扎折叠布衣。有人问辟支佛:“尊者,为何如此折叠?为何供奉?”辟支佛答曰:“这样对供养的衣物不便折叠。”那人则请他收下一条宽袍,并叮嘱:“勿令此地受损。”
Gharepissa bhaginiyā saddhiṃ bhariyāya kalahaṃ karontiyā paccekabuddho piṇḍāya pāvisi. Athassa bhaginī paccekabuddhassa piṇḍapātaṃ datvā tassa bhariyaṃ sandhāya ‘‘evarūpaṃ bālaṃ yojanasatena parivajjeyya’’nti patthanaṃ paṭṭhapesi. Sā gehaṅgaṇe ṭhitā sutvā ‘‘imāya dinnabhattaṃ mā esa bhuñjatū’’ti pattaṃ gahetvā piṇḍapātaṃ chaḍḍetvā kalalassa pūretvā adāsi. Itarā disvā ‘‘bāle, tvaṃ maṃ tāva akkosa vā pahara vā, evarūpassa pana dve asaṅkhyeyyāni pūritapāramissa pattato bhattaṃ chaḍḍetvā kalalaṃ dātuṃ na yutta’’nti āha. Athassa bhariyāya paṭisaṅkhānaṃ uppajji. Sā ‘‘tiṭṭhatha, bhante’’ti kalalaṃ chaḍḍetvā pattaṃ dhovitvā gandhacuṇṇena . Ubbaṭṭetvā paṇītabhattassa catumadhurassa ca pūretvā upari āsittena padumagabbhavaṇṇena sappinā vijjotamānaṃ paccekabuddhassa hatthe ṭhapetvā ‘‘yathā ayaṃ piṇḍapāto obhāsajāto, evaṃ obhāsajātaṃ me sarīraṃ hotū’’ti patthanaṃ paṭṭhapesi. Paccekabuddho anumoditvā ākāsaṃ pakkhandi.
在家妇人与妻子多有争执之时,辟支佛进入乞食。其姊赠与辟支佛乞食后,叮嘱他照料妻子。她留在家中听闻,遂拿起食盘,断绝乞食并填满盛饭器交付辟支佛。旁观者责备道:“愚人啊,你可以恼怒或击打我,却不应随意断绝乞食给苦行者。”妻子心中生起觉悟,答言:“请安然,在上尊处。”遂将食盘清洗,以香粉擦拭,并将美酒、四甘露斟满,涂以香灰如莲花色的漂亮粉末,置于辟支佛手中,说:“愿这乞食如光明现前,我身亦得光明。”辟支佛受赞,向空中扬念而去。
Tepi jāyampatikā yāvatāyukaṃ kusalaṃ katvā sagge nibbattitvā puna tato cavitvā upāsako kassapasammāsambuddhakāle bārāṇasiyaṃ asītikoṭivibhavassa seṭṭhino putto hutvā nibbatti, itarāpi tādisasseva seṭṭhino dhītā hutvā nibbatti. Tassa vuddhippattassa tameva seṭṭhidhītaraṃ ānayiṃsu. Tassā pubbe aniṭṭhavipākassa pāpakammassa ānubhāvena patikulaṃ paviṭṭhamattāya ummārabbhantare sakalasarīraṃ ugghāṭitavaccakuṭi viya duggandhaṃ jātaṃ. Seṭṭhikumāro ‘‘kassāyaṃ gandho’’ti pucchitvā, ‘‘seṭṭhikaññāyā’’ti sutvā, ‘‘nīharatha, nīharathā’’ti ābhataniyāmeneva kulagharaṃ pesesi. Sā eteneva nīhārena sattasu ṭhānesu paṭinivattitā.
三次转法轮的迦叶尊者,寿终正果后,于天上再度生于释迦牟尼佛的时代,是巴拉那西一巨富的长子。其他子女也相继出生为富商家女。其家庭因过去恶业感应,肉体发出污臭,如腐烂草棚。富家少主问:“这是什么臭味?”听闻是富家少女造成,命她将其净除。少女随之,从七处轮回返回净土。
Tena ca samayena kassapadasabalo parinibbāyi. Tassa ghanakoṭṭimāhi satasahassagghanikāhi rattasuvaṇṇiṭṭhakāhi yojanubbedhaṃ cetiyaṃ ārabhiṃsu. Tasmiṃ cetiye karīyamāne sā seṭṭhidhītā cintesi – ‘‘ahaṃ sattasu ṭhānesu paṭinivattitā, kiṃ me jīvitenā’’ti attano ābharaṇabhaṇḍaṃ bhañjāpetvā suvaṇṇiṭṭhakaṃ kāresi ratanāyataṃ vidatthivitthinnaṃ caturaṅgulubbedhaṃ. Tato haritālamanosilāpiṇḍaṃ gahetvā aṭṭha uppalahatthake ādāya cetiyakaraṇaṭṭhānaṃ gatā. Tasmiñca khaṇe ekā iṭṭhakāpanti parikkhipitvā āgacchamānā ghaṭaniṭṭhakāya ūnā hoti, seṭṭhidhītā vaḍḍhakiṃ āha – ‘‘imaṃ iṭṭhakaṃ ettha ṭhapethā’’ti. ‘‘Amma, bhaddake kāle āgatāsi, sayameva ṭhapehī’’ti. Sā āruyha telena haritālamanosilāpiṇḍaṃ yojetvā tena bandhanena iṭṭhakaṃ patiṭṭhapetvā upari aṭṭhahi uppalahatthakehi pūjaṃ katvā vanditvā ‘‘nibbattanibbattaṭṭhāne me kāyato candanagandho vāyatu, mukhato uppalagandho’’ti patthanaṃ katvā cetiyaṃ vanditvā padakkhiṇaṃ katvā agamāsi.
当时迦叶尊者圆寂,人们用厚重金器、百万宝珠金塔,建造寺庙,宽广数十余里。在寺塔附近,富家女思忖:“我已从七处轮回回转,有何用活命?”随即拆碎珠宝首饰,造金塔基座成四寸厚度。随后以绿玉、玛瑙、八支紫晶手铁锤,携至塔基处。不久,一块砖被扔来被压碎。富家女安慰道:“请将此砖置于此处。”“尊敬的,上时你来了,就妥善安置吧。”她将绿玉玛瑙块涂油合缝贴牢,用八支紫晶手锤修饰完毕,供养金塔,恭敬礼拜,绕塔三周,然后离去。
Atha tasmiṃyeva khaṇe yassa seṭṭhiputtassa paṭhamaṃ gehaṃ nītā, tassa taṃ ārabbha sati udapādi. Nagarepi nakkhattaṃ saṅghuṭṭhaṃ hoti. So upaṭṭhāke āha – ‘‘tadā idha ānītā seṭṭhidhītā atthi, kahaṃ sā’’ti? ‘‘Kulagehe sāmī’’ti. ‘‘Ānetha naṃ, nakkhattaṃ kīḷissāmā’’ti. Te gantvā taṃ vanditvā ṭhitā ‘‘kiṃ, tātā, āgatatthā’’ti tāya puṭṭhā taṃ pavattiṃ ācikkhiṃsu. ‘‘Tātā, mayā ābharaṇabhaṇḍena cetiyaṃ pūjitaṃ, ābharaṇaṃ me natthī’’ti . Te gantvā seṭṭhiputtassa ārocesuṃ. Ānetha naṃ, piḷandhanaṃ labhissatīti. Te ānayiṃsu. Tassā saha gharapavesanena sakalagehaṃ candanagandho ceva nīluppalagandho ca vāyi. Seṭṭhiputto taṃ pucchi – ‘‘paṭhamaṃ tava sarīrato duggandho vāyi, idāni pana te sarīrato candanagandho, mukhato uppalagandho vāyati. Kiṃ eta’’nti? Sā ādito paṭṭhāya attanā katakammaṃ ārocesi. Seṭṭhiputto ‘‘niyyānikaṃ vata buddhasāsana’’nti pasīditvā yojanikaṃ suvaṇṇacetiyaṃ kambalakañcukena parikkhipitvā tattha tattha rathacakkappamāṇehi suvaṇṇapadumehi alaṅkari. Tesaṃ dvādasahatthā olambakā honti.
于是,在那一刻,名为塞提普多的长者儿子初次被接入家中,他一进入,便生起了觉念。在城中即刻星辰聚集。守门者询问说:“那时这里有家主的妻子带来,在哪里呢?”答曰:“在家族宅邸内,夫人。”守门者说:“请带他去玩星辰游戏。”他们便前去,向他拜见后站立,问道:“孩子,来此何事?”于是他说明事情经过:“父亲,因为用宝物供养了佛塔,我却没有宝物。”他们便前去告诉塞提普多说:“带他去吧,他将获得宝物。”于是他们带领他入室,整个宅院弥漫着檀香和蓝莲香。塞提普多问道:“从你身上闻到的气味由何而来?开始时你身上是恶臭气味,而今身体却散发檀香,面部有蓝莲香。”她先向他坦白后,自述了自己的因缘和所为。塞提普多以为这是佛教法的预兆,便披上黄金宝袍,装饰金莲花轮般的战车,驾车游行。那车上装饰有十二肘长的帷幔。
So tattha yāvatāyukaṃ ṭhatvā sagge nibbattitvā tato cuto bārāṇasito yojanamatte ṭhāne aññatarasmiṃ amaccakule nibbatti, seṭṭhikaññāpi devalokato cavitvā rājakule jeṭṭhadhītā hutvā nibbatti. Tesu vayappattesu kumārassa vasanagāme nakkhattaṃ saṅghuṭṭhaṃ. So mātaraṃ āha – ‘‘sāṭakaṃ me, amma, dehi, nakkhattaṃ kīḷissāmī’’ti . Sā dhotavatthaṃ nīharitvā adāsi. ‘‘Amma, thūlaṃ ida’’nti āha. Sā aññaṃ nīharitvā adāsi, tampi paṭikkhipi. Atha naṃ mātā āha – ‘‘tāta, yādise gehe mayaṃ jātā, natthi no ito sukhumatarassa paṭilābhāya puñña’’nti. ‘‘Tena hi labhanaṭṭhānaṃ gacchāmi ammā’’ti. ‘‘Putta, ahaṃ ajjeva tuyhaṃ bārāṇasinagare rajjapaṭilābhampi icchāmī’’ti. So mātaraṃ vanditvā āha – ‘‘gacchāmi, ammā’’ti. ‘‘Gaccha, tātā’’ti. Evaṃ kirassā cittaṃ ahosi – ‘‘kahaṃ gamissati? Idha vā ettha vā gehe nisīdissatī’’ti. So pana puññaniyāmena nikkhamitvā bārāṇasiṃ gantvā uyyāne maṅgalasilāpaṭṭe sasīsaṃ pārupitvā nipajji. So ca bārāṇasirañño kālaṅkatassa sattamo divaso hoti.
他在那里待了整整一旬,飞升天界,后来又降生在距巴拉那西约一由旬之处的一个牧牛家族中。那个家族中的长女放弃了天界,成为王室中的长女。她们之间死了的人,男孩的住所村落中星辰聚集。他对母亲说:“母亲,给我沙袋,让我玩星星游戏吧。”母亲拿来一块湿布给他,他说:“母亲,这太大了。”又拿另一块布递给他,他将其推开。母亲说:“孩子,你自出生以来,我们没有获得如此细致的福报。”他答说:“因此我要去那里讨取福报。”母亲说:“孩子,我今天也想去巴拉那西城取得王绳的福报。”他敬礼母亲说:“我去吧,母亲。”母亲嘱咐道:“去吧,孩子。”心念如此:“他将往哪里去?是在此处还是在他处坐着呢?”他因福报缘起出发,往巴拉那西去,在园林祥瑞之地,月光洒落,静静地就坐。巴拉那西王正值第七天被玷污之时。
Amaccā rañño sarīrakiccaṃ katvā rājaṅgaṇe nisīditvā mantayiṃsu – ‘‘rañño ekā dhītāva atthi, putto natthi, arājakaṃ rajjaṃ nassati, ko rājā hotī’’ti? ‘‘Tvaṃ hohi, tvaṃ hohī’’ti āhaṃsu. Purohito āha – ‘‘bahuṃ oloketuṃ na vaṭṭati, phussarathaṃ vissajjemā’’ti. Te kumudavaṇṇe cattāro sindhave yojetvā pañcavidhaṃ rājakakudhabhaṇḍaṃ setacchattañca rathasmiṃyeva ṭhapetvā rathaṃ vissajjetvā pacchato tūriyāni paggaṇhāpesuṃ. Ratho pācīnadvārena nikkhamitvā uyyānābhimukho ahosi. ‘‘Paricayena uyyānābhimukho gacchati, nivattemā’’ti keci āhaṃsu. Purohito ‘‘mā nivattayitthā’’ti āha. Ratho kumāraṃ padakkhiṇaṃ katvā ārohanasajjo hutvā aṭṭhāsi, purohito pārupanakaṇṇaṃ apanetvā pādatalāni olokento, ‘‘tiṭṭhatu ayaṃ dīpo, dvisahassadīpaparivāresu catūsu mahādīpesu esa rajjaṃ kāretuṃ yutto’’ti vatvā ‘‘punapi tūriyāni paggaṇhatha, punapi paggaṇhathā’’ti tikkhattuṃ tūriyāni paggaṇhāpesi.
牧牛家的成员做完国王的身体事务,坐在王宫议论说:“国王只有一个女儿,没有儿子,国家若无王者,谁能作王?”“你来吧,你应当成为王。”他们说。大臣说:“我们不许多议,这样吧,让马车拉着王子绕行。”他们用莲花色的绳子供应了四匹白马,和五种皇家车马装备,盖着白色帐篷,御车上装有金莲花状装饰。马鞍长达十二肘。御车从西门出发,直面园林。有些人说:“他带领从容来到了园林前,不必回头。”大臣说:“不要让他回头。”御车绕行后停稳,准备登车。大臣视察车辐和车轮,说:“这里如同四大洲中间的岛屿,有能力治理这国家。”说完让他们再次检查车轮。
Atha kumāro mukhaṃ vivaritvā oloketvā, ‘‘kena kammena āgatatthā’’ti āha. ‘‘Deva, tumhākaṃ rajjaṃ pāpuṇātī’’ti. ‘‘Rājā kaha’’nti? ‘‘Devattaṃ gato, sāmī’’ti. ‘‘Kati divasā atikkantā’’ti? ‘‘Ajja sattamo divaso’’ti. ‘‘Putto vā dhītā vā natthī’’ti? ‘‘Dhītā atthi deva, putto natthī’’ti. ‘‘Karissāmi rajja’’nti. Te tāvadeva abhisekamaṇḍapaṃ kāretvā rājadhītaraṃ sabbālaṅkārehi alaṅkaritvā, uyyānaṃ ānetvā kumārassa abhisekaṃ akaṃsu. Athassa katābhisekassa satasahassagghanakaṃ vatthaṃ upahariṃsu. So ‘‘kimidaṃ, tātā’’ti āha. ‘‘Nivāsanavatthaṃ devā’’ti. ‘‘Nanu, tātā, thūla’’nti? ‘‘Manussānaṃ paribhogavatthesu ito sukhumataraṃ natthi, devā’’ti. ‘‘Tumhākaṃ rājā evarūpaṃ nivāsesī’’ti? ‘‘Āma, devā’’ti. ‘‘Na maññe puññavā tumhākaṃ rājā, suvaṇṇabhiṅgāraṃ āharatha, labhissāma vattha’’nti. Suvaṇṇabhiṅgāraṃ āhariṃsu. So uṭṭhāya hatthe dhovitvā mukhaṃ vikkhāletvā hatthena udakaṃ ādāya puratthimadisāyaṃ abbhukkiri. Tāvadeva ghanapathaviṃ bhinditvā aṭṭha kapparukkhā uṭṭhahiṃsu. Puna udakaṃ gahetvā dakkhiṇāyaṃ pacchimāyaṃ uttarāyanti evaṃ catūsu disāsu abbhukkiri. Sabbadisāsu aṭṭhaṭṭhakaṃ katvā dvattiṃsa kapparukkhā uṭṭhahiṃsu. So ekaṃ dibbadussaṃ nivāsetvā ekaṃ pārupitvā ‘‘nandarañño vijite suttakantikā itthiyo mā suttaṃ kantiṃsūti evaṃ bheriṃ carāpethā’’ti vatvā chattaṃ ussāpetvā alaṅkatapaṭiyatto hatthikkhandhavaragato nagaraṃ pavisitvā pāsādaṃ āruyha mahāsampattiṃ anubhavi.
这时王子揭开面纱张望,问道:“因何事而来?”答曰:“天神,你得以王国。”问:“王在哪里?”答:“去见了诸天,尊臣。”问:“已过多少天?”答:“正是第七天。”问:“是否有儿子或女儿?”答:“有女儿,无儿子。”他说:“我将担任执政。”于是他们搭建加冕典礼台,王的女儿以精美饰物装饰,带至园林,为王子加冕。加冕后赠送价值百万金块的袍服。他问:“这是什么?”答曰:“天宫的居所袍服。”他说:“不可思议这么大。”答曰:“在凡人所用衣物中,无比这件柔软。”又问:“你们的王使用这种居所衣服吗?”答:“是的,天神。”他说:“我认为你们的王是不善根者,我们给他带来黄金装饰,他将获得衣服。”他们取来黄金饰品。他站起,洗手开脸,拿水朝东方泼洒。这时八株大树破土而出。他又取水朝南、西、北四方泼洒。四方共泼灌八十八次,大约种植了三十二株大树。他留下一株神树,另一株开花树,说:“南方丛林的妇女,应当吟唱胜利歌,抚鼓跳舞。”点燃伞盖,装饰完毕,他手持伞杖进入城市楼阁,享受巨大财富。
Evaṃ kāle gacchante ekadivasaṃ devī rañño mahāsampattiṃ disvā, ‘‘aho tapassī’’ti kāruññākāraṃ dasseti. ‘‘Kimidaṃ, devī’’ti ca puṭṭhā ‘‘atimahatī te, deva, sampatti. Atīte buddhānaṃ saddahitvā kalyāṇaṃ akattha, idāni anāgatassa paccayaṃ kusalaṃ na karothā’’ti āha. ‘‘Kassa dassāma, sīlavanto natthī’’ti? ‘‘Asuñño, deva, jambudīpo arahantehi, tumhe dānameva sajjetha, ahaṃ arahante lacchāmī’’ti āha. Rājā punadivase pācīnadvāre dānaṃ sajjāpesi. Devī pātova uposathaṅgāni adhiṭṭhāya uparipāsāde puratthābhimukhā urena nipajjitvā ‘‘sace etissaṃ disāyaṃ arahanto atthi, sveva āgantvā amhākaṃ bhikkhaṃ gaṇhantū’’ti āha. Tassaṃ disāyaṃ arahanto nāhesuṃ, taṃ sakkāraṃ kapaṇayācakānaṃ adaṃsu. Punadivase dakkhiṇadvāre dānaṃ sajjetvā tatheva akāsi, punadivase pacchimadvāre. Uttaradvāre sajjitadivase pana deviyā tatheva nimantentiyā himavante vasantānaṃ padumavatiyā puttānaṃ pañcasatānaṃ paccekabuddhānaṃ jeṭṭhako mahāpadumapaccekabuddho bhātike āmantesi, ‘‘mārisā, nandarājā, tumhe nimanteti, adhivāsetha tassā’’ti. Te adhivāsetvā punadivase anotattadahe mukhaṃ dhovitvā, ākāsena āgantvā uttaradvāre otariṃsu. Manussā disvā gantvā ‘‘pañcasatā, deva, paccekabuddhā āgatā’’ti rañjo ārocesuṃ. Rājā saddhiṃ deviyā gantvā, vanditvā, pattaṃ gahetvā paccekabuddhe pāsādaṃ āropetvā, tatra nesaṃ dānaṃ datvā, bhattakiccāvasāne rājā saṅghattherassa, devī, saṅghanavakassa pādamūle nipajjitvā ‘‘ayyā paccayehi na kilamissanti, mayaṃ puññena na hāyissāma. Amhākaṃ yāvajīvaṃ idha nivāsāya paṭiññaṃ dethā’’ti paṭiññaṃ kāretvā uyyāne pañcapaṇṇasālāsatāni pañcacaṅkamanasatānīti sabbākārena nivāsanaṭṭhānāni sampādetvā tattha vasāpesuṃ.
当时一路行进,一天,王后看到王的巨大财富,表现出慈悲,说:“善男子。”她被问及这是什么,他答说:“重大的财富,天神啊。过去诸佛贤人同意使其广为弘扬。现今未遇未来的因缘,请勿作不善。”她说:“去看一看,有没有正行的阿拉汉。”答:“没有,天神,瞻b伽罗陀洲迦叶诸阿拉汉除外,你们只当供养,我也愿得阿拉汉。”王次日于西门施舍。王后严守五戒,坐于高楼正面,闭目念佛,说:“如果此方有阿拉汉,自当前来接受我们的布施。”然而天上无阿拉汉,妖魔们辱骂他们。次日于南门施舍,同样施行,次日于西门,次日于北门施舍。当王后住于北门日,召请喜马拉雅莲花谷中五百名各自独觉、长老独觉共来,并告诫说:“妇人们,南方之王召你们来,请坐这里。”他们入座,次日洗面以香净身,于空中降临北门。人们看见,走到那里,说:“五百名独觉,天神啊,已来。”王与王后共往拜见,呈献供养,将供养置于长老独觉座上,布施结束,王跪于僧长、王后、僧团书记处,承诺“不辜负各位因缘,恭敬不违,愿我们的生命长久住于此所。”在园林中建起五十五间厅堂,五十五座门,完善居住场所居住。
Evaṃ kāle gacchante rañño paccanto kupito. So ‘‘ahaṃ paccantaṃ vūpasametuṃ gacchāmi, tvaṃ paccekabuddhesu mā pamajjī’’ti deviṃ ovaditvā gato. Tasmiṃ anāgateyeva paccekabuddhānaṃ āyusaṅkhārā khīṇā. Mahāpadumapaccekabuddho tiyāmarattiṃ jhānakīḷaṃ kīḷitvā aruṇuggamane ālambanaphalakaṃ ālambitvā ṭhitakova anupādisesāya nibbānadhātuyā parinibbāyi. Etenupāyena sesāpīti sabbeva parinibbutā. Punadivase devī paccekabuddhānaṃ nisīdanaṭṭhānaṃ haritūpalittaṃ kāretvā pupphāni vikiritvā, dhūpaṃ datvā tesaṃ āgamanaṃ olokayantī nisinnā āgamanaṃ apassantī purisaṃ pesesi – ‘‘gaccha, tāta, jānāhi, kiṃ ayyānaṃ kiñci aphāsuka’’nti? So gantvā mahāpadumassa paṇṇasālāya dvāraṃ vivaritvā tattha apassanto caṅkamanaṃ gantvā ālambanaphalakaṃ nissāya ṭhitaṃ disvā vanditvā ‘‘kālo, bhante’’ti āha. ‘‘Parinibbutasarīraṃ kiṃ kathessati? So niddāyati maññe’’ti gantvā piṭṭhipāde hatthena parāmasitvā pādānaṃ sītalatāya ceva thaddhatāya ca parinibbutabhāvaṃ ñatvā, dutiyassa santikaṃ agamāsi. Evaṃ tatiyassāti sabbesaṃ parinibbutabhāvaṃ ñatvā rājakulaṃ gato. ‘‘Kahaṃ, tāta, paccekabuddhā’’ti puṭṭho ‘‘parinibbutā, devī’’ti āha. Devī kandantī rodantī nikkhamitvā nāgarehi saddhiṃ tattha gantvā sādhukīḷitaṃ kāretvā paccekabuddhānaṃ sarīrakiccaṃ kāretvā dhātuyo gahetvā cetiyaṃ patiṭṭhāpesi.
当时王的后方生气冲冲,说:“我要去平息后方,你不可懈怠于独觉。”劝诫王后后离开。在今未来之间,独觉生命终结。大莲花独觉在三夜间专修禅定,手执靠板而立,无所依止地达到涅槃。亦即已圆寂。次日王后整理独觉的座所,用绿松石粉饰,燃花香,守望着他们的归来,坐着观望,派人去问王子:“去吧,孩子,了解长者大德是否有些语言指示。”王子前往,揭开大莲花加盖预制厅门,见到后沿路行走,倚靠靠板站立,见礼说:“时至了,尊者。”问:“如何述说已涅槃之体?”答:“他已入灭,我想如此。”王子走去,用手撑发动脉处脚掌感知清凉与坚定,体认涅槃状态,次日又来见他,彻底了解第三次即已圆寂,进入安详境界,然后回到王室。被问及独觉在哪里,王后曰:“已涅槃。”悲伤哀哭,和人们一起出城,适当表演仪轨,举行独觉的肉体火葬,收存舍利,在佛塔中安置。
Rājā paccantaṃ vūpasametvā āgato paccuggamanaṃ āgataṃ deviṃ pucchi – ‘‘kiṃ, bhadde, paccekabuddhesu nappamajji, nirogā ayyā’’ti? ‘‘Parinibbutā devā’’ti. Rājā cinteti ‘‘evarūpānampi paṇḍitānaṃ maraṇaṃ uppajjati, amhākaṃ kuto mokkho’’ti. So nagaraṃ agantvā, uyyānameva pavisitvā jeṭṭhaputtaṃ pakkosāpetvā, tassa rajjaṃ niyyātetvā, sayaṃ samaṇapabbajjaṃ pabbaji. Devīpi ‘‘imasmiṃ pabbajite ahaṃ kiṃ karissāmī’’ti tattheva uyyāne pabbajitvā dvepi jhānaṃ bhāvetvā tato cutā brahmaloke nibbattiṃsu.
国王在背后将众生安顿后前来,见到了前来回访的夫人,便问道:『尊敬的,独觉圣者中难道没有复发病症的吗,女大德?』答曰:『众天神皆已涅槃了。』国王思惟道:『连这等智慧者亦终有死,吾等宁从何处得解脱?』于是回到本城,进入花园,召见长子后将政权交付他,自己则出家为沙门。夫人亦于当时在花园出家,二人共修习禅定,后断尽烦恼,升生梵天界。
Tesu tattheva vasantesu amhākaṃ satthā loke uppajjitvā pavattitavaradhammacakko anupubbena rājagahaṃ pāvisi. Satthari tattha paṭivasante ayaṃ pippalimāṇavo magadharaṭṭhe mahātitthabrāhmaṇagāme kapilabrāhmaṇassa aggamahesiyā kucchimhi nibbatto. Ayaṃ bhaddā kāpilānī maddaraṭṭhe sāgalanagare kosiyagottabrāhmaṇassa aggamahesiyā kucchismiṃ nibbattā. Tesaṃ anukkamena vaḍḍhamānānaṃ pippalimāṇavassa vīsatime, bhaddāya soḷasame vasse sampatte mātāpitaro puttaṃ oloketvā ‘‘tāta, tvaṃ vayappatto, kulavaṃso nāma patiṭṭhapetabbo’’ti ativiya nippīḷayiṃsu. Māṇavo āha ‘‘mayhaṃ sotapathe evarūpaṃ kathaṃ mā kathetha. Ahaṃ yāva tumhe dharatha, tāva paṭijaggissāmi, tumhākaṃ accayena nikkhamitvā pabbajissāmī’’ti. Te katipāhaṃ atikkamitvā puna kathayiṃsu. Sopi tatheva paṭikkhipi. Tato paṭṭhāya nirantaraṃ kathetiyeva.
就在那时,我师兴起于世间,转动无上法轮,渐次入王舍城。法师停留期间,有一位生长于摩揭陀国、住于大迦叶婆罗门村、属迦毗罗婆罗门氏族的长者,名曰胡罗。此贤女为摩多罗国沙伽蓝村、属迦尸族婆罗门氏的出身。因缘相续,胡罗诸族人三十世,贤女十六岁时,父母瞻仰儿子,言道:『儿啊,你已长大,应当立下家业显扬族姓。』胡罗答曰:『我心不适于世俗轨道。只要你们维护,我必追随你们,并当出家修道。』众人经过数番商议,均同意此言。胡罗依言守诺,不断慷慨申述道理。
Māṇavo ‘‘mama mātaraṃ saññāpessāmī’’ti rattasuvaṇṇassa nikkhasahassaṃ datvā sabbakāmehi santappetvā suvaṇṇakārehi ekaṃ itthirūpaṃ kārāpetvā tassa majjanaghaṭṭanādikammapariyosāne taṃ rattavatthaṃ nivāsāpetvā vaṇṇasampannehi pupphehi ceva nānāalaṅkārehi ca alaṅkārāpetvā mātaraṃ pakkosāpetvā āha ‘‘amma, evarūpaṃ ārammaṇaṃ labhanto gehe vasissāmi alabhanto na vasissāmī’’ti. Paṇḍitā brāhmaṇī cintesi – ‘‘mayhaṃ putto puññavā dinnadāno katābhinīhāro, puññaṃ karonto na ekakova akāsi, addhā etena sahakatapuññā suvaṇṇarūpapaṭibhāgāva bhavissatī’’ti aṭṭha brāhmaṇe pakkosāpetvā sabbakāmehi santappetvā suvaṇṇarūpakaṃ rathaṃ āropetvā ‘‘gacchatha, tātā, yattha amhākaṃ jātigottabhogehi samāne kule evarūpaṃ dārikaṃ passatha, imameva suvaṇṇarūpakaṃ paṇṇākāraṃ katvā ethā’’ti uyyojesi.
胡罗曰:『我将介绍我的母亲。』于夜金灯下,施予千金,令其满足诸欲。金匠制造出一女子像,于其一次浴缸清洗仪式末尾,设立灯织金织物厅堂。用美艳花卉及各样饰物装饰妥帖后,将母亲召来,言道:『母亲,得此因缘,我将在家中居住,失此则不得长留。』贤妇婆罗门内心思虑道:『我子行善布施,诚心修善,必不空劳。由此善根,必将获得相应善报,并因他力积累得此金质女子像。』遂示意八位婆罗门,令人安心,并用金质女子像造车奉行,唤道:『来吧,儿子,观此等女子与我族同姓同族,乃制作金质车轮于此,向那里驶去。』
Te ‘‘amhākaṃ nāma etaṃ kamma’’nti nikkhamitvā ‘‘kattha gamissāmā’’ti cintetvā ‘‘maddaraṭṭhaṃ nāma itthākaro, maddaraṭṭhaṃ gamissāmā’’ti maddaraṭṭhe sāgalanagaraṃ agamaṃsu. Tattha taṃ suvaṇṇarūpakaṃ nhānatitthe ṭhapetvā ekamante nisīdiṃsu. Atha bhaddāya dhātī bhaddaṃ nhāpetvā, alaṅkaritvā, sirigabbhe nisīdāpetvā sayaṃ nhāyituṃ udakatitthaṃ gatā tattha taṃ suvaṇṇarūpakaṃ disvā ‘‘kissāyaṃ avinītā idhāgantvā ṭhitā’’ti piṭṭhipasse paharitvā ‘‘suvaṇṇarūpaka’’nti ñatvā ‘‘ayyadhītā me’’ti saññaṃ uppādesiṃ, ‘‘ayaṃ pana me ayyadhītāya nivāsanapaṭiggāhikāyāpi asadisā’’ti āha. Atha naṃ te manussā parivāretvā ‘‘evarūpā te sāmidhītā’’ti pucchiṃsu. ‘‘Kiṃ esā, imāya suvaṇṇapaṭimāya sataguṇena sahassaguṇena mayhaṃ ayyadhītā abhirūpatarā, dvādasahatthe gabbhe nisinnāya padīpakiccaṃ natthi, sarīrobhāseneva tamaṃ vidhamatī’’ti. ‘‘Tena hi āgacchā’’ti taṃ khujjaṃ gahetvā suvaṇṇarūpakaṃ rathe āropetvā kosiyagottassa brāhmaṇassa gharadvāre ṭhatvā āgamanaṃ nivedayiṃsu.
众人曰:『这就是我们的随行。』离开时思量道:『到哪里去呢?』答曰:『到摩多罗国女子聚居之城沙伽兰。』抵达后,将金质车置于洗浴池边,坐于一侧。贤妇阿娘梳妆打扮后,安坐宫殿,前往浴池沐浴。观见金质女子像,思惟:『此像何以在此久立而不堕落?』觑视后摩挲之,称其为“金质女子像”,谓之吾妇。言曰:『此是我妇,虽居于十二月胎中,却无能为灯光之役,彷佛身体已死。』于是,将其牵起,置于金质车上,立于婆罗门族屋门,报知族人其来临。
Brāhmaṇo paṭisanthāraṃ katvā ‘‘kuto āgatatthā’’ti pucchi. ‘‘Magadharaṭṭhe mahātitthagāme kapilabrāhmaṇassa gharato’’ti. ‘‘Kiṃ kāraṇā āgatā’’ti? ‘‘Iminā nāma kāraṇenā’’ti. ‘‘Kalyāṇaṃ, tātā, samajātigottavibhavo amhākaṃ brāhmaṇo, dassāmi dārika’’nti paṇṇākāraṃ gaṇhi. Te kapilabrāhmaṇassa sāsanaṃ pahiṇiṃsu ‘‘laddhā dārikā , kattabbaṃ karothā’’ti. Taṃ sāsanaṃ sutvā pippalimāṇavassa ārocayiṃsu ‘‘laddhā kira dārikā’’ti. Māṇavo ‘‘ahaṃ ‘na labhissantī’ti cintesiṃ, ime ‘laddhā’ti vadanti, anatthiko hutvā paṇṇaṃ pesessāmī’’ti rahogato paṇṇaṃ likhi ‘‘bhaddā, attano jātigottabhogānurūpaṃ gharāvāsaṃ labhatu, ahaṃ nikkhamitvā pabbajissāmi, mā pacchā vippaṭisārinī ahosī’’ti. Bhaddāpi ‘‘asukassa kira maṃ dātukāmo’’ti sutvā ‘‘paṇṇaṃ pesessāmī’’ti rahogatā paṇṇaṃ likhi ‘‘ayyaputto attano jātigottabhogānurūpaṃ gharāvāsaṃ labhatu, ahaṃ pabbajissāmi, mā pacchā vippaṭisārī ahosī’’ti. Dvepi paṇṇāni antarāmagge samāgacchiṃsu. ‘‘Idaṃ kassa paṇṇa’’nti? ‘‘Pippalimāṇavena bhaddāya pahita’’nti. ‘‘Idaṃ kassā’’ti? ‘‘Bhaddāya pippalimāṇavassa pahita’’nti ca vutte te dvepi vācetvā ‘‘passatha dārakānaṃ kamma’’nti phāletvā araññe chaḍḍetvā aññaṃ taṃsamānaṃ paṇṇaṃ likhitvā ito etto ca pesesuṃ. Iti kumārassa kumārikāya ca sadisaṃ paṇṇaṃ lokassādarahitamevāti anicchamānānaṃyeva dvinnaṃ samāgamo ahosi.
婆罗门迎接后问:『从何处而来?』答曰:『自摩揭陀国大迦叶村迦毗罗婆罗门之家。』问曰:『因何而来?』答曰:『因缘如下。』曰:『善哉,父亲呀,本婆罗门族子孙中的贵族,我为你展示女子像。』拿起金质女子像示众。众人接受此奉,命曰:『既得女子,必当妥善处理。』听此教诲,闻致于胡罗,谓曰:『女子已得,请当设备屋宇同其族姓相配。如我离家出家,愿无反悔。』贤妇亦受闻,亦称:『渴望予我屋宇,愿随佛子,出家不返。』二封信在中途相遇,问曰:『此信归谁?』答曰:『胡罗赠与贤夫人。』曰:『此信归谁?』答曰:『胡罗由贤妇处赠出。』二者以言语相贺,释怀,弃舍森林,书写类似信件,彼此寄赠。由是两人虽不愿,然二者往来相会。
Taṃ divasaṃyeva pippalimāṇavo ekaṃ pupphadāmaṃ ganthāpesi bhaddāpi. Tāni sayanamajjhe ṭhapesuṃ bhuttasāyamāsā ubhopi ‘‘sayanaṃ āruhissāmā’’ti māṇavo dakkhiṇapassena sayanaṃ āruhi. Bhaddā vāmapassena abhiruhitvā āha – ‘‘yassa passe pupphāni milāyanti, tassa rāgacittaṃ uppannanti vijānissāma, imaṃ pupphadāmaṃ na alliyitabba’’nti. Te pana aññamaññaṃ sarīrasamphassabhayena tiyāmarattiṃ niddaṃ anokkamantāva vītināmenti, divā pana hasitamattampi nāhosi. Te lokāmisena asaṃsaṭṭhā yāva mātāpitaro dharanti, tāva kuṭumbaṃ avicāretvā tesu kālaṅkatesu vicārayiṃsu. Mahatī māṇavassa sampatti – ekadivasaṃ sarīraṃ ubbaṭṭetvā chaḍḍetabbaṃ suvaṇṇacuṇṇaṃ eva magadhanāḷiyā dvādasanāḷimattaṃ laddhuṃ vaṭṭati. Yantabaddhāni saṭṭhimahātaḷākāni, kammanto dvādasayojaniko, anurādhapurapamāṇā cuddasa gāmā, cuddasa hatthānīkāni, cuddasa assānīkāni, cuddasa rathānīkāni.
彼日暮时,胡罗织造花毯,贤妇置于卧榻之中。卧榻上,二者同言:『我们当睡床上安坐。』胡罗自南面起身赴卧,贤妇自西面就坐告之:『观花合时,放逸心生,当知此花毯不可玷污。』彼此因身触感厌恶,夜不安眠,白昼亦无欢颜。直到父母尚存时,审视家中一切,辨察时间诸恶习业。胡罗家境富足,一日予身体施舍,应弃金粉如膏十二匙,铸成圈纹。绑着六十余块大瓮,谓有十二由旬之工,约十三村庄,十三大象队,十三战马队,十三车队之庞大规模。
So ekadivasaṃ alaṅkataassaṃ āruyha mahājanaparivuto kammantaṃ gantvā khettakoṭiyaṃ ṭhito naṅgalehi bhinnaṭṭhānato kākādayo sakuṇe gaṇḍuppādādipāṇake uddharitvā khādante disvā, ‘‘tātā, ime kiṃ khādantī’’ti pucchi. ‘‘Gaṇḍuppāde, ayyā’’ti. ‘‘Etehi kataṃ pāpaṃ kassa hotī’’ti? ‘‘Tumhākaṃ, ayyā’’ti. So cintesi – ‘‘sace etehi kataṃ pāpaṃ mayhaṃ hoti, kiṃ me karissati sattaasītikoṭidhanaṃ, kiṃ dvādasayojano kammanto, kiṃ yantabaddhāni taḷākāni, kiṃ cuddasa gāmā, sabbametaṃ bhaddāya kāpilāniyā niyyātetvā nikkhamma pabbajissāmī’’ti.
有一日,他披戴完毕,登上高处,往众多民众聚集的作业地去。那时农夫站在田埂上,那些裸露的地方被农具破坏,乌鸦等鸟类拾取谷粒和其它果实进食。他们看见了,问道:“父亲,这些是什么在吃呢?”应答说:“是‘跺脚鸟’,尊敬的女士。”又问:“这些所作的恶业究竟是谁的呢?”答曰:“是你们的,尊敬的女士。”他心中思忖:“如果由这些所作的恶业归于我,值此困顿灾难,七十千万的财富,十二由旬长的作业地,羁缠的池塘,十七个村落,如此繁盛的迦毗罗卫城都要被没收,出家离去,我将如何是好?”
Bhaddāpi kāpilānī tasmiṃ khaṇe antaravatthumhi tayo tilakumbhe pattharāpetvā dhātīhi parivutā nisinnā kāke tilapāṇake khādamāne disvā, ‘‘ammā, kiṃ ime khādantī’’ti pucchi. ‘‘Pāṇake ayye’’ti. ‘‘Akusalaṃ kassa hotī’’ti? ‘‘Tumhākaṃ, ayye’’ti. Sā cintesi – ‘‘mayhaṃ catuhatthavatthaṃ nāḷikodanamattañca laddhuṃ vaṭṭati, yadi panetaṃ ettakena janena kataṃ akusalaṃ mayhaṃ hoti, bhavasahassenapi vaṭṭato sīsaṃ ukkhipituṃ na sakkā. Ayyaputte āgatamatteyeva sabbaṃ tassa niyyātetvā nikkhamma pabbajissāmī’’ti.
迦毗罗卫一位妇人此时正坐于屋内,用瓦片覆盖三只坛器,坛器密封紧闭。她看见乌鸦啄食坛器内的东西,问道:“母亲,这些是什么在吃呢?”回答说:“是‘鸟儿’,尊敬的先生。”她又问:“这其中有谁造恶业?”答曰:“是你们的,尊敬的先生。”她心中思惟:“我获得了四十四肘长竹筒和芦苇,但如果这些由这么多百姓所作的恶业加诸于我,即便度过千年之劫,也不能抬头逃离此难。尊敬的先生们,既然来了此处,我将一切留给他们,出家离去。”
Māṇavo āgantvā, nhatvā pāsādaṃ āruyha mahārahe pallaṅke nisīdi. Athassa cakkavattino anucchavikaṃ bhojanaṃ sajjayiṃsu. Dvepi bhuñjitvā parijane nikkhante rahogatā phāsukaṭṭhāne nisīdiṃsu. Tato māṇavo bhaddaṃ āha – ‘‘bhadde, imaṃ gharaṃ āgacchantī tvaṃ kittakaṃ dhanaṃ āharasī’’ti? ‘‘Pañcapaṇṇāsa sakaṭasahassāni, ayyā’’ti. ‘‘Taṃ sabbaṃ, yā ca imasmiṃ ghare sattaasītikoṭiyo yantabaddhasaṭṭhitaḷākādibhedā ca sampatti atthi, taṃ sabbañca tuyhaṃyeva niyyādemī’’ti. ‘‘Tumhe pana kahaṃ gacchatha, ayyā’’ti? ‘‘Ahaṃ pabbajissāmī’’ti. ‘‘Ayya, ahampi tumhākaṃyeva āgamanaṃ olokayamānā nisinnā. Ahampi pabbajissāmī’’ti. Tesaṃ ādittapaṇṇakuṭi viya tayo bhavā upaṭṭhahiṃsu. Te antarāpaṇato kasāyarasapītāni vatthāni mattikāpatte ca āharāpetvā aññamaññaṃ kese oropetvā ‘‘ye loke arahanto, te uddissa amhākaṃ pabbajjā’’ti pabbajitvā, thavikāsu patte pakkhipitvā aṃse laggetvā pāsādato otariṃsu. Gehe dāsesu vā kammakaresu vā na koci sañjāni.
有学童来到,沐浴后登上宫殿,坐在大臣的床上。那时,王的侍从准备了一顿盛宴。两人一同用餐后离开,隐匿于后殿的茅屋中坐下。学童便对妇人说:“尊敬的女士,你来这家是为了领取遗产吗?”“五十五万车的财富,尊敬的先生。”妇人答。学童说:“那全部包括这家有七十千万财富、十二由旬长的作业地、羁缠的池塘及其它财产,都归你专有。”“那你要去何处,尊敬的先生?”“我要出家。”妇人说:“我也看着你们的来临,决定一同出家。”他们如火焰旁的三位侍从般相伴。三人从屋檐收集颜色赭黄的染布和瓦片,相互披盖头发,说:“世尊者皆为出家人,我们为了出家而来。”遂修剪草叶,涂抹灰尘,脱离宫殿而去。家中仆人及作工者无人察觉。
Atha ne brāhmaṇagāmato nikkhamma dāsagāmadvārena gacchante ākappakuttavasena dāsagāmavāsino sañjāniṃsu. Te rodantā pādesu nipatitvā ‘‘kiṃ, amhe, anāthe karotha ayyā’’ti āhaṃsu. ‘‘Mayaṃ, ‘bhaṇe, ādittapaṇṇasālā viya tayo bhavā’ti pabbajimhā. Sace tumhesu ekekaṃ bhujissaṃ karoma, vassasatampi nappahoti. Tumheva tumhākaṃ sīsaṃ dhovitvā bhujissā hutvā jīvathā’’ti vatvā tesaṃ rodantānaṃyeva pakkamiṃsu.
后来,一位婆罗门村庄的主人出门,经过仆人村的村口,看见仆人们因饥饿且处于困窘状态,便生起慈悲。他们哭泣,跪倒于地,说:“唉,我们成了孤儿,能为我们做主吗,尊敬的主人?”主人答:“我曾说‘你们三人像火堆旁的火焰’,以此召唤你们来。若我分给你们每人一只手臂,百年也未必够。你们若洗净自己的头颅后用手臂持养,必能长命百岁。”说毕,主人便离开,因他们正哭泣。
Thero purato gacchanto nivattitvā olokento cintesi – ‘‘ayaṃ, bhaddā kāpilānī, sakalajambudīpagghanikā itthī mayhaṃ pacchato āgacchati, ṭhānaṃ kho panetaṃ vijjati, yaṃ kocideva evaṃ cinteyya ‘ime pabbajitāpi vinā bhavituṃ na sakkonti, ananucchavikaṃ karontī’ti, koci pāpena manaṃ padūsetvā apāyapūrako bhaveyya, imaṃ pahāya mayhaṃ gantuṃ vaṭṭatī’’ti cittaṃ uppādesi. So purato gacchanto dvedhāpathaṃ disvā tassa matthake aṭṭhāsi. Bhaddāpi āgantvā, vanditvā aṭṭhāsi. Atha naṃ āha – ‘‘bhadde, tādisiṃ itthiṃ mama pacchato āgacchantiṃ disvā ‘ime pabbajitāpi vinā bhavituṃ na sakkontī’ti cintetvā amhesu paduṭṭhacitto mahājano apāyapūrako bhaveyya. Imasmiṃ dvedhāpathe tvaṃ ekaṃ gaṇha, ahamekena gamissāmī’’ti. ‘‘Āma, ayya, pabbajitānaṃ mātugāmo palibodho, ‘pabbajitvāpi vinā na bhavantī’ti amhākaṃ dosaṃ dassessanti, tumhe ekaṃ maggaṃ gaṇhatha, vinā bhavissāmā’’ti tikkhattuṃ padakkhiṇaṃ katvā catūsu ṭhānesu pañcapatiṭṭhitena vanditvā dasanakhasamodhānasamujjalaṃ añjaliṃ paggayha ‘‘satasahassakappaparimāṇe addhāne kato mittasanthavo ajja bhijjatī’’ti vatvā ‘‘tumhe dakkhiṇajātikā nāma, tumhākaṃ dakkhiṇamaggo vaṭṭati, mayaṃ mātugāmā nāma vāmajātikā, amhākaṃ vāmamaggo vaṭṭatī’’ti vanditvā maggaṃ paṭipannā. Tesaṃ dvedhābhūtakāle ayaṃ mahāpathavī ‘‘ahaṃ cakkavāḷasinerupabbate dhāretuṃ sakkontīpi tumhākaṃ guṇe dhāretuṃ na sakkomī’’ti vadantī viya viravamānā kampi, ākāse asanisaddo viya pavatti, cakkavāḷasinerupabbato unnadi.
长老独自走在前面,回头观察,心念:“这位尊敬的迦毗罗卫妇人,遍及整个印度大陆,她是跟随我之后来的良妇。这里确有一处,正是禅比需要思考之处:‘这些出家人没有他们也不能生活,且无助理,若有人怀恶意心,恐令他们陷入恶趣,舍弃她,我应当前往。’于是他走在前面,来到分岔路口,在头上站立。妇人亦来,合掌礼拜站立。她对他言:“尊敬的长老,见此妇人从我后面跟来,心生疑虑‘这些出家人没有她也不能生活’以致众人大起恶念陷入恶趣。你掌管这处分岔路口,让我独行。”他说:“好的,先生,众出家人之母族在这里觉知‘即使出家也不能生活’,并向我们诉说怨言,你应独自走这条路,没有她能够活下去。”两人互绕三转,行礼四方五处,作礼拜合掌,宣说:“以一百千劫以来(今生)缔结之结缘,彼此今日得续缘。”两人道称彼此前路为“右路”,称他们母族为“左路”,并分别沿此道路前进。两人相互依偎之时,大地仿佛女神般激励,“我虽能支撑有轮如圈的山峰,却不能维系你们的功德。”她发出雷鸣般的响声,大地之山摇晃不止。
Sammāsambuddho veḷuvanamahāvihāre gandhakuṭiyaṃ nisinno pathavīkampanasaddaṃ sutvā ‘‘kissa nu kho pathavī kampatī’’ti āvajjento ‘‘pippalimāṇavo ca bhaddā ca kāpilānī maṃ uddissa appameyyaṃ sampattiṃ pahāya pabbajitā. Tesaṃ viyogaṭṭhāne ubhinnaṃ guṇabalena ayaṃ pathavīkampo jāto. Mayāpi etesaṃ saṅgahaṃ kātuṃ vaṭṭatī’’ti gandhakuṭito nikkhamma sayameva pattacīvaramādāya asītimahātheresu kañcipi anāmantetvā tigāvutaṃ maggaṃ paccuggamanaṃ katvā rājagahassa ca nālandāya ca antare bahuputtakanigrodharukkhamūle pallaṅkaṃ ābhujitvā nisīdi. Nisīdanto pana aññatarapaṃsukūliko viya anisīditvā buddhavesaṃ gahetvā asītihatthaghanabuddharasmiyo vissajjento nisīdi. Iti tasmiṃ khaṇe paṇṇacchattasakaṭacakkakūṭāgārādippamāṇā buddharasmiyo ito cito ca vippharantiyo vidhāvantiyo candasahassasūriyasahassauggamanakālo viya kurumānā taṃ vanantaṃ ekobhāsaṃ akaṃsu. Dvattiṃsamahāpurisalakkhaṇasiriyā samujjalatārāgaṇena viya gaganaṃ, supupphitakamalakuvalayena viya salilaṃ, vanantaṃ virocittha. Nigrodharukkhassa nāma khandho seto hoti, pattāni nīlāni, pakkāni rattāni. Tasmiṃ pana divase satasākho nigrodho suvaṇṇavaṇṇova ahosi.
正觉世尊端坐于竹林大寺中的芬芳小室,闻得大地震动之声,便问:“大地为何震动?”警觉后,发现竹林如妇人般及迦毗罗卫妇人离别出家,这二人因间别而具不同之神通功德,故生地震。我亦当努力护持他们。”随后,他起身,披上袈裟,未曾授名,沿三十三道行走,来到王舍城与那烂陀之间。诸多学生聚集于巨大的无花果树下布席而坐。众坐者中有一人如穿着破衣的沙门,持佛陀圣像安然坐禅。在那当日,有五十顶伞盖及车轮形峰顶建筑等相似物。佛光普照,散布广远,如月与晨星般照耀森林。三十二相大自在者的光辉闪耀犹如星群在天空,同时照映清澈湖水与莲花。无花果树的茎呈白色,叶青绿,枝叶带红色。当天内,百尺高无花果树,金光灿烂。
Mahākassapatthero ‘‘ayaṃ amhākaṃ satthā bhavissati, imaṃ ahaṃ uddissa pabbajito’’ti diṭṭhaṭṭhānato paṭṭhāya oṇatoṇatova gantvā tīsu ṭhānesu vanditvā ‘‘satthā me, bhante, bhagavā, sāvakohamasmi, satthā me, bhante, bhagavā sāvakohamasmī’’ti (saṃ. ni. 2.154) āha. Atha naṃ bhagavā āha ‘‘kassapa, sace tvaṃ imaṃ nipaccakāraṃ mahāpathaviyā kareyyāsi, sāpi dhāretuṃ na sakkuṇeyya. Tathāgatassa evaṃ guṇamahantataṃ jānatā tayā kato nipaccakāro mayhaṃ, lomampi cāletuṃ na sakkoti. Nisīda, kassapa, dāyajjaṃ te dassāmī’’ti. Athassa bhagavā tīhi ovādehi upasampadamadāsi. Datvā bahuputtakanigrodhamūlato nikkhamitvā theraṃ pacchāsamaṇaṃ katvā maggaṃ paṭipajji. Satthu sarīraṃ dvattiṃsamahāpurisalakkhaṇavicittaṃ, mahākassapassa sarīraṃ sattamahāpurisalakkhaṇapaṭimaṇḍitaṃ, so kañcanamahānāvāya pacchābaddho viya satthu padānupadikaṃ anugacchi. Satthā thokaṃ maggaṃ gantvā maggā okkamma aññatarasmiṃ rukkhamūle nisajjākāraṃ dassesi. Thero ‘‘nisīditukāmo satthā’’ti ñatvā attano pārupitapaṭapilotikasaṅghāṭiṃ catugguṇaṃ katvā paññapesi.
长老大咖萨巴曰:“这位将成为我们的老师,我正因他而出家。”他一见到便起身,像流水般迅速地在三个地方礼敬,合掌称言:“老师啊,世尊,我是弟子;老师啊,世尊,我是弟子。”(释迦毗尼传记 2.154)之后世尊告诫他说:“咖萨巴,若你以此深厚的根本大地修习此禅定,即使是世尊也难以承受其力。如来深知此定的广大功德,世尊也难以动毛发。坐吧,咖萨巴,我将示现给你眼前的礼物。”世尊以三种教诲赐予他上座弟子戒。得到戒后,他离开了多子尼葛罗陀树根,成为一长老,接着修行正道。师体甚伟,显现三十二相大丈夫相,且大咖萨巴身显七十相大丈夫相,宛如金光大艇紧随世尊以讷彬步伐随行。老师依循那条狭窄正道前进,到达某棵树根示现坐禅的境界。长老知悉“师欲坐下来”,便把自己用兽皮制成的袈裟折四倍,放置于身下作垫。
Satthā tattha nisīditvā hatthena cīvaraṃ parimajjanto ‘‘mudukā kho tyāyaṃ, kassapa, paṭapilotikasaṅghāṭī’’ti (saṃ. ni. 2.154) āha. Thero ‘‘satthā mama saṅghāṭiyā mudubhāvaṃ katheti, pārupitukāmo bhavissatī’’ti ñatvā ‘‘pārupatu, bhante, bhagavā saṅghāṭi’’nti āha. ‘‘Tvaṃ kiṃ pārupissasi, kassapā’’ti? ‘‘Tumhākaṃ nivāsanaṃ labhanto pārupissāmi, bhante’’ti. ‘‘Kiṃ pana tvaṃ, kassapa, imaṃ paribhogajiṇṇaṃ paṃsukūlaṃ dhāretuṃ sakkhissasi? Mayā hi imassa paṃsukūlassa gahitadivase udakapariyantaṃ katvā mahāpathavī kampi, imaṃ buddhānaṃ paribhogajiṇṇacīvaraṃ nāma na sakkā parittaguṇena dhāretuṃ, paṭibalenevidaṃ paṭipattipūraṇasamatthena jātipaṃsukūlikena dhāretuṃ vaṭṭatī’’ti vatvā therena saddhiṃ cīvaraṃ parivattesi.
师端坐于树下,用手拂拭袈裟,说:“咖萨巴,这兽皮袈裟真软和啊。”长老答言:“老师,我袈裟软,是准备被师覆披的。”他说:“施师,请覆披袈裟吧。”世尊问:“咖萨巴,你欲以何物覆披袈裟?”长老说:“我将为您得到住所,将袈裟覆披于其上,老师。”世尊又言:“咖萨巴,你岂能担负这用久而陈腐的兽皮袈裟?我曾使这袈裟在首次获得之日周围灌溉浸水,使大地震动,乃至此为诸佛弟子所使用的袈裟,非凡品,岂可以保护力不足之物披覆?必须实证践行完全之法,方能为用陈旧的兽皮袈裟遮护。”言毕,与长老共同转动袈裟。
Evaṃ pana cīvaraparivattanaṃ katvā therassa pārutacīvaraṃ bhagavā pārupi, satthu cīvaraṃ thero. Tasmiṃ samaye acetanāpi ayaṃ mahāpathavī ‘‘dukkaraṃ, bhante, akattha, attanā pārutacīvaraṃ sāvakassa dinnapubbo nāma natthi, ahaṃ tumhākaṃ guṇaṃ dhāretuṃ na sakkomī’’ti vadantī viya udakapariyantaṃ katvā kampi. Theropi ‘‘laddhaṃ dāni mayā buddhānaṃ paribhogacīvaraṃ, kiṃ me idāni uttari kattabbaṃ atthī’’ti unnatiṃ akatvā buddhānaṃ santikeyeva terasa dhutaguṇe samādāya sattadivasamattaṃ puthujjano ahosi, aṭṭhame divase saha paṭisambhidāhi arahattaṃ pāpuṇi. Tena vuttaṃ apadāne (apa. thera 1.1.398-420) –
如是转动袈裟后,世尊将纯净袈裟披覆于长老身上,长老披覆袈裟成为世尊袈裟。时大地若有意愿,似在言曰:“难事啊,老师,没有早先授予弟子使用的袈裟,而弟子又不能担负你的功德。”像是在行水而震动。长老即说:“我已得佛弟子使用袈裟,现今该作何修行最为要紧?”于佛所亲近者中发挥三种净相,七日内尚为凡夫,第八日与共精进,到达阿拉汉果。于此顶圣典籍记载谓(《阿波传长老传》1.1.398-420)——
‘‘Padumuttarassa bhagavato, lokajeṭṭhassa tādino;
“华冠佛陀世尊,世间第一大圣;
Nibbute lokanāthamhi, pūjaṃ kubbanti satthuno.
佛涅槃已成,世尊祇奉献礼赞。
‘‘Udaggacittā janatā, āmoditapamoditā;
“心清澈明的人们,欢欣喜悦欢欣。”
Tesu saṃvegajātesu, pīti se udapajjatha.
在这些激励生起时,喜悦便生起。
‘‘Ñātimitte samānetvā, idaṃ vacanamabraviṃ;
他与亲属和朋友聚集在一起,说出以下话语:
Parinibbuto mahāvīro, handa pūjaṃ karomase.
『伟大的勇士已入涅槃,我今天当恭敬供养。』
‘‘Sādhūti te paṭissutvā, bhiyyo hāsaṃ janiṃsu me;
听闻你说『善哉』后,我内心再起欢喜的笑容;
Buddhasmiṃ lokanāthamhi, kāhāma puññasañcayaṃ.
在佛这世间之主面前,我又增添了功德的积集。
‘‘Agghiyaṃ sukataṃ katvā, satahatthasamuggataṃ;
他曾行无上善行,集聚了百臂般广大的功德;
Diyaḍḍhahatthapatthaṭaṃ, vimānaṃ nabhamuggataṃ.
巨大的帐蓬如同悬挂的帷幕,飞翔于天空之中的宫殿。
‘‘Katvāna hammiyaṃ tattha, tālapantīhi cittitaṃ;
在那里,我曾用棕椰树叶编织,心意集聚于此;
Sakaṃ cittaṃ pasādetvā, cetiyaṃ pūjayuttamaṃ.
使内心安稳欢喜,敬奉那最宜供养的圣所。
‘‘Aggikkhandhova jalito, kiṃsuko iva phullito;
如同火焰燃烧的炭块,盛开的花朵一样;
Indalaṭṭhīva ākāse, obhāseti catuddisā.
好似天雷翻滚于天空,照耀四方八面。
‘‘Tattha cittaṃ pasādetvā, katvāna kusalaṃ bahuṃ;
在那里安稳内心,行无数善法;
Pubbakammaṃ saritvāna, tidasaṃ upapajjahaṃ.
在前世所造业中成熟后,我在这三个世界中出生。
‘‘Sahassayuttaṃ hayavāhiṃ, dibbayānamadhiṭṭhito;
我生于一千辆战车相应的神圣天宫之中,具有神圣庄严之相;
Ubbiddhaṃ bhavanaṃ mayhaṃ, sattabhūmaṃ samuggataṃ.
我居于高耸的宫殿,七重境界相继相成;
‘‘Kūṭāgārasahassāni, sabbasoṇṇamayā ahuṃ;
有千座楼阁,全部都是金色铸成的;
Jalanti sakatejena, disā sabbā pabhāsayaṃ.
在强烈的光辉中燃烧放热,四方都明亮辉煌;
‘‘Santi aññepi niyyūhā, lohitaṅgamayā tadā;
当时其他天空中也有群集,呈现血色光辉。
Tepi jotanti ābhāya, samantā caturo disā.
三者放光照明,光华普照四方。
‘‘Puññakammābhinibbattā, kūṭāgārā sunimmitā;
『由善业所生,形如楼阁庄严;
Maṇimayāpi jotanti, disā dasa samantato.
如宝石光辉,十方遍照无碍。』
‘‘Tesaṃ ujjotamānānaṃ, obhāso vipulo ahu;
彼等放光之物,耀然光明广大;
Sabbe deve abhibhomi, puññakammassidaṃ phalaṃ.
我能令诸天敬仰,此为善业所致果报。
‘‘Saṭṭhikappasahassamhi, ubbiddho nāma khattiyo;
『于六十千劫中,名为觉醒者之士族;』
Cāturanto vijitāvī, pathaviṃ āvasiṃ ahaṃ.
我曾住于四面皆被密林环绕的大地上。
‘‘Tatheva bhaddake kappe, tiṃsakkhattuṃ ahosahaṃ;
在善法时期,我为世王,统治三十年。
Sakakammābhiraddhomhi, cakkavattī mahabbalo.
凭借自己的功德,我成为了具有广大威力的天下霸主。
‘‘Sattaratanasampanno, catudīpamhi issaro;
我拥有七宝,统御四洲。
Tatthāpi bhavanaṃ mayhaṃ, indalaṭṭhīva uggataṃ.
即便如此,我的宫殿仍高耸如天空的云层。
‘‘Āyāmato catubbīsaṃ, vitthārena ca dvādasa;
其长二十四肘,其宽度为十二肘。
Rammaṇaṃ nāma nagaraṃ, daḷhapākāratoraṇaṃ.
有一城名为拉摩纳,其城门坚固如石砌。
‘‘Āyāmato pañcasataṃ, vitthārena tadaḍḍhakaṃ;
城长五百丈,宽广如田地开阔。
Ākiṇṇaṃ janakāyehi, tidasānaṃ puraṃ viya.
城墙由众多居民构筑,宛如谷仓般环绕。
‘‘Yathā sūcighare sūcī, pakkhittā paṇṇavīsati;
如针屋中针针立,二十五枚错落排布;
Aññamaññaṃ paghaṭṭenti, ākiṇṇaṃ hoti laṅkataṃ.
彼此紧贴相撞,围成环状,庄严坚固。
‘‘Evampi nagaraṃ mayhaṃ, hatthissarathasaṃkulaṃ;
我所居住之城,汇集象车之众多交织而成。
Manussehi sadākiṇṇaṃ, rammaṇaṃ nagaruttamaṃ.
在人间,常处于城邑中最为优美的游乐场所。
‘‘Tattha bhutvā pivitvā ca, puna devattanaṃ gato;
在那里曾居住、饮酒之后,再次往生天界。
Bhave pacchimake mayhaṃ, ahosi kulasampadā.
在西方国度,我曾拥有家族的财富。
‘‘Brahmaññakulasambhūto, mahāratanasañcayo;
出自婆罗门种姓,积聚了大量珍宝财富。
Asītikoṭiyo hitvā, hiraññassāpi pabbajiṃ.
耗费了八千万,甚至献出了金子而遁出家。
‘‘Paṭisambhidā catasso…pe… kataṃ buddhassa sāsana’’nti.
具足四种正断……余文略去……已成就佛陀的教法。
Atha naṃ satthā ‘‘kassapo, bhikkhave, candūpamo kulāni upasaṅkamati apakasseva kāyaṃ, apakassa cittaṃ, niccanavako kulesu appagabbho’’ti evamādinā (saṃ. ni. 2.146) pasaṃsitvā aparabhāge ariyagaṇamajjhe nisinno ‘‘etadaggaṃ, bhikkhave, mama sāvakānaṃ bhikkhūnaṃ dhutavādānaṃ yadidaṃ mahākassapo’’ti (a. ni. 1.188, 191) dhutaṅgadharānaṃ aggaṭṭhāne ṭhapesi. So vivekābhiratikittanamukhena bhikkhūnaṃ ovādaṃ dento attano paṭipattiṃ pakāsento –
于是世尊告诫比库们说:『咖萨巴,比库们,宛如月亮般洁净的家族中,有如身被剪除一般,心亦被剪除的,在世间家族中常怀清净者甚少。』以此为开端,(见经文)在后来成就圣者集体中端坐,宣说:『这就是我比库弟子中,洁净戒律者的最高典范——大咖萨巴。』将托钵比喻置于净坛之上。他以远离纷扰、欣乐清净之心,为比库们开示教诲,表明自己的实修之道——
§1054
1054.
一〇五四。
‘‘Na gaṇena purakkhato care, vimano hoti samādhi dullabho;
『不随众多而先行,静室中得定难成;
Nānājanasaṅgaho dukho, iti disvāna gaṇaṃ na rocaye.
见众生多烦恼苦,退避众群不随流。』
§1055
1055.
一〇五五。
‘‘Na kulāni upabbaje muni, vimano hoti samādhi dullabho;
『不因家世生出家,静室中得定难成;
So ussukko rasānugiddho, atthaṃ riñcati yo sukhāvaho.
于是,心意急躁、随欲流转者,执著于此乐谓之幸福。
§1056
1056.
一千零五十六。
‘‘Paṅkoti hi naṃ avedayuṃ, yāyaṃ vandanapūjanā kulesu;
“污秽难忍的,便是家族中的供养和礼敬;
Sukhumaṃ sallaṃ durubbahaṃ, sakkāro kāpurisena dujjaho.
细小的箭矢虽难避免,但被人所藐视乃大惭愧。
§1057
1057.
一千零五十七。
‘‘Senāsanamhā oruyha, nagaraṃ piṇḍāya pāvisiṃ;
“由军营离去,进入城中乞食;
Bhuñjantaṃ purisaṃ kuṭṭhiṃ, sakkaccaṃ taṃ upaṭṭhahiṃ.
应当食用的人,须谨慎地侍奉此患部。
§1058
1058.
一千零五十八。
‘‘So me pakkena hatthena, ālopaṃ upanāmayi;
『彼以手掌用力,将溃疡涂抹。』
Ālopaṃ pakkhipantassa, aṅguli cettha chijjatha.
『当溃疡被涂抹时,此处的指头应当割除。』
§1059
1059.
一千零五十九。
‘‘Kuṭṭamūlañca nissāya, ālopaṃ taṃ abhuñjisaṃ;
『在患处根根基之处,未曾食用此溃疡。』
Bhuñjamāne vā bhutte vā, jegucchaṃ me na vijjati.
「无论正在食用或已经食用,我心中无有罪过污秽。」
§1060
1060.
一千零六十。
‘‘Uttiṭṭhapiṇḍo āhāro, pūtimuttañca osadhaṃ;
「起身时的食物,干净并且熬熟的药物;
Senāsanaṃ rukkhamūlaṃ, paṃsukūlañca cīvaraṃ;
住处为树根,尘堆衣服作袈裟;
Yassete abhisambhutvā, sa ve cātuddiso naro.
若有人修习此等者,此人乃四方流转之人。」
§1061
1061.
一〇六一。
‘‘Yattha eke vihaññanti, āruhantā siluccayaṃ;
『有些人独自烦恼不安,攀缘戒律的束缚;』
Tattha buddhassa dāyādo, sampajāno paṭissato;
『在那里,佛陀的继承者以正知观察;』
Iddhibalenupatthaddho, kassapo abhirūhati.
『凭借神通力加持,咖萨巴菩萨攀登而上。』
§1062
1062.
一千零六十二。
‘‘Piṇḍapātapaṭikkanto, selamāruyha kassapo;
『持钵乞食后,咖萨巴攀登岩石;』
Jhāyati anupādāno, pahīnabhayabheravo.
『他入禅而无所住,解除惧怕和惊怖。』
§1063
1063.
‘‘Piṇḍapātapaṭikkanto, selamāruyha kassapo;
「接受食施后,咖萨巴攀上石头;
Jhāyati anupādāno, ḍayhamānesu nibbuto.
专注禅定、不住著相,已灭于心火中。」
§1064
1064.
‘‘Piṇḍapātapaṭikkanto, selamāruyha kassapo;
「接受食施后,咖萨巴攀上石头;
Jhāyati anupādāno, katakicco anāsavo.
专注禅定、不住著相,身勤修持、无染垢。」
§1065
1065.
一零六五。
‘‘Karerimālāvitatā, bhūmibhāgā manoramā;
『黄金灿烂穿成的美丽项圈,环绕在地面一隅;
Kuñjarābhirudā rammā, te selā ramayanti maṃ.
象群围绕其间嬉戏,坚硬的礁石为我带来欢乐。』
§1066
1066.
一零六六。
‘‘Nīlabbhavaṇṇā rucirā, vārisītā sucindharā;
『青蓝色的宝石光彩夺目,晶莹剔透且清净;
Indagopakasañchannā, te selā ramayanti maṃ.
被象群护卫般的云彩覆盖,这些坚硬岩石令我欢喜。』
§1067
1067.
‘‘Nīlabbhakūṭasadisā, kūṭāgāravarūpamā;
『如同青蓝堆积的山峰,形状宛若屋顶的建筑;','124':'仿佛用栏杆围绕而成的庭院,这些石头令我心悦神怡。』
Vāraṇābhirudā rammā, te selā ramayanti maṃ.
那众多的欢乐像美丽的女儿,这些欢乐令我心悦。
§1068
1068.
‘‘Abhivuṭṭhā rammatalā, nagā isibhi sevitā;
『高耸起伏,宛如繁茂的树冠,被诸龙所环绕;','127':'其顶部以尖锐的峰巅装饰,这些石头令我心悦神怡。』
Abbhunnaditā sikhīhi, te selā ramayanti maṃ.
那些被波涛拍打着的尖峰,它们带给我愉悦。
§1069
1069.
一零六九。
‘‘Alaṃ jhāyitukāmassa, pahitattassa me sato;
‘现在,我这个修习禅定之欲已远离,心已安住;
Alaṃ me atthakāmassa, pahitattassa bhikkhuno.
现在,我这个追求利益之欲已消失,作为比库的我心安住。
§1070
1070.
一零七零。
‘‘Alaṃ me phāsukāmassa, pahitattassa bhikkhuno;
‘现在,我这个追求言语之欲已远离,作为比库的我心安住;
Alaṃ me yogakāmassa, pahitattassa tādino.
现在,我这个追求禅定修习之欲已除,作为修行者,我心已安住。
§1071
1071.
一〇七一。
‘‘Umāpupphena samānā, gaganāvabbhachāditā;
『与莲花同类,彼等如覆满虚空,
Nānādijagaṇākiṇṇā, te selā ramayanti maṃ.
由各种山岱所布满,彼等之岩石令我欢喜。』
§1072
1072.
一〇七二。
‘‘Anākiṇṇā gahaṭṭhehi, migasaṅghanisevitā;
『未被房屋所遮蔽,得被兽群所护持;
Nānādijagaṇākiṇṇā, te selā ramayanti maṃ.
由各种山岱所布满,彼等之岩石令我欢喜。』
§1073
1073.
一〇七三。
‘‘Acchodikā puthusilā, gonaṅgulamigāyutā;
「断裂岩石如骨节状坚硬,犹如象鼻般粗壮坚固;
Ambusevālasañchannā, te selā ramayanti maṃ.
被水雾湿润覆盖,这些岩石令我心悦神怡。」
§1074
1074.
一〇七四。
‘‘Na pañcaṅgikena tūriyena, rati me hoti tādisī;
「我对此并无五种欢喜或第四禅的喜乐;
Yathā ekaggacittassa, sammā dhammaṃ vipassato.
唯如定一心者,于法正净观照时所生之欢悦。」
§1075
1075.
一〇七五。
‘‘Kammaṃ bahukaṃ na kāraye, parivajjeyya janaṃ na uyyame;
「不可造作多种业,宜远离他人不应起行;
Ussukko so rasānugiddho, atthaṃ riñcati yo sukhāvaho.
易于兴奋、随欲流逐者,追求安乐欲,随顺苦乐。」
§1076
1076.
一〇七六。
‘‘Kammaṃ bahukaṃ na kāraye, parivajjeyya anattaneyyametaṃ;
「不可造作多种业,当远离不可受者;
Kicchati kāyo kilamati, dukkhito so samathaṃ na vindati.
身受困难而痛苦,不能获得安宁自在。」
§1077
1077.
一〇七七。
‘‘Oṭṭhappahatamattena, attānampi na passati;
「一个人不过从睡眠中醒来,却不能观察自身;
Patthaddhagīvo carati, ahaṃ seyyoti maññati.
像木偶一样四处行走,却误以为自己正卧息。」
§1078
1078.
一〇七八。
‘‘Aseyyo seyyasamānaṃ, bālo maññati attānaṃ;
「愚人看自己躺卧在床上,误以为那是真实;
Na taṃ viññū pasaṃsanti, patthaddhamānasaṃ naraṃ.
智者不会称赞那个人,因其心如木偶般呆滞。」
§1079
1079.
一〇七九。
‘‘Yo ca seyyohamasmīti, nāhaṃ seyyoti vā pana;
『若有人说:“这是我,绝非他”,
Hīno taṃsadiso vāti, vidhāsu na vikampati.
这样的说法是低贱、卑劣的,这种想法在戒律中不动摇。』
§1080
1080.
一零八零。
‘‘Paññavantaṃ tathā tādiṃ, sīlesu susamāhitaṃ;
『有智者确如是,品行恭敬专心一致,
Cetosamathamanuyuttaṃ, tañce viññū pasaṃsare.
心意平和和顺依止,智者这样的人应当称赞。』
§1081
1081.
一〇八一。
‘‘Yassa sabrahmacārīsu, gāravo nūpalabbhati;
「若于出家众中,得不到应有的敬重,
Ārakā hoti saddhammā, nabhato puthavī yathā.
那时他就如同天与地一般,固守正法而庄严无比。」
§1082
1082.
一〇八二。
‘‘Yesañca hiri ottappaṃ, sadā sammā upaṭṭhitaṃ;
「若有人常常真实持守羞耻心和惭愧心,
Virūḷhabrahmacariyā te, tesaṃ khīṇā punabbhavā.
其出家的清净行持不断,彼等已断轮回重生之苦。」
§1083
1083.
一〇八三。
‘‘Uddhato capalo bhikkhu, paṃsukūlena pāruto;
『起床后躁动不安的比库,身披尘堆衣;
Kapīva sīhacammena, na so tenupasobhati.
像猴子披着狮皮,他因此不显庄严。』
§1084
1084.
一〇八四。
‘‘Anuddhato acapalo, nipako saṃvutindriyo;
『起床后不躁动不不安,精熟且节制根尘;
Sobhati paṃsukūlena, sīhova girigabbhare.
身披尘堆衣,庄严如狮卧山岩。』
§1085
1085.
一〇八五。
‘‘Ete sambahulā devā, iddhimanto yasassino;
这些众多的天人,具有神通,享有声名誉,
Dasadevasahassāni, sabbe te brahmakāyikā.
共有一万名天神,悉皆属于梵身天。
§1086
1086.
一〇八六。
‘‘Dhammasenāpatiṃ vīraṃ, mahājhāyiṃ samāhitaṃ;
向法军统帅、精神勇士、具大智慧、专注合一者,
Sāriputtaṃ namassantā, tiṭṭhanti pañjalīkatā.
沙利子,顶礼敬拜,双手合掌恭立。
§1087
1087.
一零八七。
‘‘Namo te purisājañña, namo te purisuttama;
敬礼你,诸人所知者,敬礼你,人中至善者;
Yassa te nābhijānāma, yampi nissāya jhāyati.
对你我不知悉的,对依止之处修习禅定的,皆敬礼。
§1088
1088.
一零八八。
‘‘Accheraṃ vata buddhānaṃ, gambhīro gocaro sako;
佛陀何等高深广大,善于观察世间,犹如猎豹深入丛林;
Ye mayaṃ nābhijānāma, vālavedhisamāgatā.
我们不曾了解,聚集在愚痴愚昧的众人之中。
§1089
1089.
一〇八九。
‘‘Taṃ tathā devakāyehi, pūjitaṃ pūjanārahaṃ;
「当时如众天子所共敬礼者,不应受礼之物;
Sāriputtaṃ tadā disvā, kappinassa sitaṃ ahu.
彼时见到沙利子,咖毕那心生欢喜。」
§1090
1090.
一零九零。
‘‘Yāvatā buddhakhettamhi, ṭhapayitvā mahāmuniṃ;
「在佛陀圣地之内,安置这位大圣者;
Dhutaguṇe visiṭṭhohaṃ, sadiso me na vijjati.
我以正行卓越无比,但无能与其等同。
§1091
1091.
一〇九一。
‘‘Pariciṇṇo mayā satthā, kataṃ buddhassa sāsanaṃ;
我所侍奉的老师已经圆寂,佛陀的教法已完成;
Ohito garuko bhāro, natthi dāni punabbhavo.
沉重的负担已被舍弃,现今无复来世。
§1092
1092.
一〇九二。
‘‘Na cīvare na sayane, bhojane nupalimpati;
于衣服、卧具、饮食上无半点玷污;
Gotamo anappameyyo, mūḷālapupphaṃ vimalaṃva;
果德玛无可比拟,如纯净的白莲花一般。
Ambunā nekkhammaninno, tibhavābhinissaṭo.
承受风雨出家人,厌弃三界沉溺。
§1093
1093.
一千零九十三。
‘‘Satipaṭṭhānagīvo so, saddhāhattho mahāmuni;
『专注念处之声,信心之手大圣;慧明智者广大,常行已断涅槃。』
Paññāsīso mahāñāṇī, sadā carati nibbuto’’ti. –
——此为偈语。
Imā gāthā abhāsi. Tattha ādito tisso gāthā gaṇesu kulesu ca saṃsaṭṭhe bhikkhū disvā tesaṃ ovādadānavasena vuttā.
此偈说出。起初,三首偈汇集于各团内,聚比库见此,以规劝与呵责之语传说。
Tattha na gaṇena purakkhato careti bhikkhugaṇehi purakkhato parivārito hutvā na careyya na vihareyya. Kasmā? Vimano hoti samādhi dullabho gaṇaṃ pariharantassa dukkhuppattiyā byākulamanatāya, uddesena ovādena anusāsaniyā anuggahaṃ karonto yathānusiṭṭhaṃ appaṭipattiyā ca vimano vikāribhūtacitto hoti, tato saṃsaggena ekaggataṃ alabhantassa samādhi dullabho hoti. Tathārūpassa hi upacārasamādhimattampi na ijjhati, pageva itaro. Nānājanasaṅgahoti nānajjhāsayassa nānārucikassa janassa peyyakhajjādinā saṅgaho. Dukhoti kiccho kasiro. Iti disvānāti evaṃ gaṇasaṅgahe bahuvidhaṃ ādīnavaṃ disvā ñāṇacakkhunā oloketvā. Gaṇaṃ gaṇavāsaṃ na rocaye na roceyya na iccheyya.
其中对比库团非以众数先行,非被众人包围后而行住。而是因定境难得,团集受苦难扰,躁动不安,为劝诫目的予以规谕,令遵守正法。若少有人修持,心有杂乱变化,则得定难成。如此定的功夫,无他人之欲妄散乱。所谓众多趣向,即多种相异喜好人等混杂聚会。如是如见,于此众聚,会生多种烦恼,智慧眼洞察其本不悦,故团众与团处非宜令人欢喜,亦不可爱或生爱欲。
Na kulāni upabbaje munīti imasmiṃ sāsane pabbajito khattiyādikulūpako hutvā na upagaccheyya. Kiṃkāraṇā? Vimano hoti samādhi dullabho. So ussukko kulūpasaṅkamane ussukkaṃ āpanno kulesu laddhabbesu madhurādirasesu anugiddho gedhaṃ āpanno tattha uppannesu kiccakaraṇīyesu attanāva yogaṃ āpajjanto. Atthaṃ riñcati yo sukhāvahoti yo attano maggaphalanibbānasukhāvaho taṃ sīlavisuddhiādisaṅkhātaṃ atthaṃ riñcati jahati, nānuyuñjatīti attho.
在此教法中,若有人不因家族而出家,即使身为王族之子孙,亦不应追随家族的习气而入道修行。其理由为何?这是因为心静定难得,若急切于家族之欲,便会被家族中易得之甘美等欲乐所迷惑,因而获得财富,陷于烦劳之事,自误其身。若有人以为这是快乐,或以为这是自己道果涅槃之乐,那是由于舍弃了以戒清净等为根本的正义,放弃了正确的修行,不合适宜融入法及戒律,故此其含义即是如此。
Tatiyagāthā heṭṭhā vuttā eva.
第三首偈文下文即述。
Senāsanamhā oruyhātiādikā catasso gāthā paccayesu attano santosadassanamukhena ‘‘bhikkhunā nāma evaṃ paṭipajjitabba’’nti bhikkhūnaṃ ovādadānavasena vuttā. Tattha senāsanamhā oruyhāti pabbatasenāsanattā vuttaṃ. Sakkaccaṃ taṃ upaṭṭhahinti taṃ kuṭṭhipurisaṃ uḷārasampattiṃ pāpetukāmatāya bhikkhāya atthiko hutvā paṇītabhikkhadāyakaṃ kulaṃ mahicchapuggalo viya ādarena upagantvā aṭṭhāsiṃ.
这是关于军营宿处及守夜等四事之偈文,乃根据自身条件和观照内心满足,用以示现:“比库应当如此修行。”这乃是以规劝比库们的法语发表。其中提及的军营宿处即为山地军营宿处。诚然,因欲修习傲慢可弃之粗暴内心,乃从贫苦支派中以优良比库礼敬视同世家子弟,被尊重而侍立。
Pakkenāti aṭṭhigatakuṭṭharogatāya upakkena kuthitena. Aṅguli cettha chijjathāti ettha patte tassa aṅguli chijjitvā āhārena saddhiṃ patatīti attho.
“背痛”(pakkena)是指因患有骨骼疾病而感到难受之痛楚。“指甲于此处掉落”,意指手指之指甲脱落而连带落地。
Kuṭṭamūlaṃ nissāyāti tassa purisassa pasādajananatthaṃ tādise gharabhittisamīpe nisīditvā ālopaṃ taṃ abhuñjisaṃ paribhuñjiṃ. Ayaṃ pana therassa paṭipatti sikkhāpade apaññatteti daṭṭhabbaṃ. Paṭikkūle ca appaṭikkūle iva appaṭikkūlasaññitāya ariyiddhiyā ukkaṃsagatattā therassa taṃ ajjhoharantassa jigucchā na uppajji, puthujjanassa pana tādisaṃ bhuñjantassa antāni nikkhameyyuṃ. Tenāha ‘‘bhuñjamāne vā bhutte vā, jegucchaṃ me na vijjatī’’ti.
“依靠树根”是指那位男子为求得安宁,坐于房屋基壁附近,放弃采食,只食持戒范围内之饮食。这种修持方式为长老遵守戒律时所不允许(非戒禁),可见其内涵。长老因拥有对恶非恶的真切见解,不生厌恶,而外行人若行此法则可能出离污染,因此说:“无论正在食用还是已经食用,我心中并无厌恶。”
Uttiṭṭhapiṇḍoti uttiṭṭhitvā paresaṃ gharadvāre ṭhatvā gahetabbapiṇḍo, jaṅghabalaṃ nissāya anugharaṃ gantvā laddhabbamissakabhikkhāti attho. Pūtimuttanti gomuttaparibhāvitaharīṭakādi ca. Yassete abhisambhutvāti, yo bhikkhu ete uttiṭṭhapiṇḍādayo cattāro paccaye antimantena abhiramitvā paribhuñjati. Sa ve cātuddiso naroti so puggalo ekaṃsena cātuddiso puratthimādicatudisāyogyo, katthaci appaṭigho yāya kāyaci disāya viharituṃ sakkotīti attho.
“起身乞食”是指比库起身后,在他人屋门前站立,待收取分得的乞食,并依靠小腿力量,借助他人攀扶,前往所得的乞食处。所谓“清净乳”是指经过滤净之牛乳以及羊乳等。所谓“他处起身乞食”的意思是,比库以这四处为条件,择一适处安心享用所受之乞食。此人四面八方皆通晓,能单独在任何方向或四个正面方位中活动游住,且无障碍,故而得名。
Atha thero attano mahallakakāle manussehi ‘‘kathaṃ, bhante, tumhe evarūpāya jarāya vattamānāya dine dine pabbataṃ abhiruhathā’’ti vutte ‘‘yattha eke’’tiādikā catasso gāthā abhāsi. Tattha yatthāti yasmiṃ pacchimavaye. Eketi ekacce. Vihaññantīti sarīrakilamathena cittena vighātaṃ āpajjanti. Siluccayanti pabbataṃ. Tatthāti tasmiṃ jarājiṇṇakālepi. Sampajāno paṭissatoti iminā cittakhedābhāvaṃ dasseti, iddhibalenupatthaddhoti iminā sarīrakhedābhāvaṃ.
尔时长老于自身卧病期间,众人问曰:『尊者,尔等如是老病之日,日日登山,如何能行?』答以四偈曰:『是处为彼人所至,』是所者,即老病后期之处也。『一人众出,』谓少数也。『身疲心苦,』分别指身体疲乏、心生忧苦。『攀登山峰,』即便于老弱之时仍能攀登。『觉知正念,』以此示心无烦恼之境界。『无心受损,』指身心未遭破坏。『得神通力,』谓此乃由神通加持,故身体未坏。
Bhayahetūnaṃ kilesānaṃ samucchinnattā pahīnabhayabheravo.
恐怖之故,使烦恼断除,恐怖亦除,免于恐惧。
Ḍayhamānesūti rāgaggiādīhi ekādasahi aggīhi sattesu ḍayhamānesu. Saṃkilesapariḷāhābhāvena nibbuto sītibhūto.
于历十一种火焰所燃烧者,即由贪欲等起之火种,共七火所焚烧者。因烦恼之熾盛,得解脱而转为凉凉清凉。
Puna manussehi ‘‘kiṃ, bhante, jiṇṇakālepi araññapabbateyeva viharatha, nanu ime veḷuvanādayo vihārā manoramā’’ti vutte araññapabbatā eva mayhaṃ manoramāti dassento ‘‘karerimālāvitatā’’tiādikā dvādasa gāthā abhāsi. Tattha karerimālāvitatāti varuṇarukkhapantīhi samāgatā. ‘‘Kālavaṇṇapupphehi otthaṭā’’tipi vadanti. Kuñjarābhirudāti paṭighosādiguṇībhūtehi hatthīnaṃ gocaresīnaṃ gajjitehi abhitthanitā.
又有人问曰:『尊者,老后于森林山野独处,岂非此等竹林等住处甚为美好乎?』答曰:森林山野实为我所爱,继以十二偈诵说。所谓竹林之处,谓聚生于水边的烂枣树列。又言:“时令花色鲜艳。”称为“起立之象”;指大象在象群中掀起狂响,象牙相击,群象轰鸣。
Abhivuṭṭhāti mahāmeghena abhippavuṭṭhā. Rammatalāti teneva rajojallapaṇṇeyyādīnaṃ apagamena ramaṇīyatalā. Nagāti desantaraṃ agamanato ‘‘nagā’’ti selamayatāya ‘‘selā’’ti ca laddhanāmā pabbatā. Abbhunnaditā sikhīhīti madhurassarena unnaditā.
“云起”,谓大云壮盛聚集。所谓“花果”,喻指露水、蕉叶等之凋落,表现生机之美。所谓“山”,指异域来往之山,山名“石”,合意为“岩石山”。“晨升赤日”,指晨曦光彩热烈,满山荡漾。
Alanti yuttaṃ samatthaṃ vā. Jhāyitukāmassa atthakāmassātiādīsupi iminā nayena yojetabbaṃ. Bhikkhunoti bhinnakilesabhikkhuno, meti sambandho.
“适于刷洗者”,指适合涤净身体或心意者。对欲入禅修及利益出离者,应将此法合用。比库者,谓断除烦恼之比库,此即与彼相关之人也。
Umāpupphenasamānāti mecakanibhatāya umākusumasadisā. Gaganāvabbha chāditāti tato eva saradassa gaganaabbhā viya kāḷameghasañchāditā, nīlavaṇṇāti attho.
“如乌玛花初放芳芬浓郁,乃指其如乌玛花般的色相。所谓‘天空蔽日’者,即指秋季天空如同浓云遮蔽,呈现深蓝色之意。”
Anākiṇṇāti asaṃkiṇṇā asambādhā. Pañcaṅgikenāti ātatādīhi pañcahi aṅgehi yuttena tūriyena parivāriyamānassa tādisīpi na hoti, yathā yādisī ekaggacittassa samāhitacittassa sammadeva rūpārūpadhammaṃ aniccādivasena vipassantassa rati hoti. Tenāha bhagavā –
“‘未混合’者,意指不混杂、不相依。如‘五部全具’者,谓四大诸根五处俱全,且以禅定力量环绕,但其色相不与四禅等同,如专注一境、心念住定者,仅以无常等法观察施令了知,故不生贪著。基于此,世尊说——”
‘‘Yato yato sammasati, khandhānaṃ udayabbayaṃ;
“‘随缘念起处,彼五蕴生灭,
Labhatī pītipāmojjaṃ, amataṃ taṃ vijānata’’nti. (dha. pa. 374)
获至喜乐悦,识得无上涅槃。’”(《法句经》卷二七四偈)
Kammaṃ bahukantiādinā dve gāthā kammārāmānaṃ paccayagiddhānaṃ bhikkhūnaṃ ovādadānavasena vuttā. Tattha kammaṃ bahukaṃ na kārayeti kammārāmo hutvā bahuṃ nāma kammaṃ na kāraye na adhiṭṭhahe, khaṇḍaphullapaṭisaṅkharaṇaṃ pana satthārā anuññātameva. Parivajjeyya jananti akalyāṇamittabhūtaṃ janaṃ vajjeyya. Na uyyameti paccayuppādanagaṇabandhādivasena vāyāmaṃ na kareyya.
“‘业多’二句是对行为安逸者之训诫,为劝导因业缠累而苦的比库们开示之言。此中‘业多’非谓业者过多,而是指作为业场者,虽不刻意造作许多行为,却常有杂蕴(如心蔽、烦恼)积聚,导师仅默许。故宜远离恶友恶人,切勿造恶业。亦不可因缘聚合、依附业力关系,施以努力。”
Anattaneyyametanti etaṃ navakammādhiṭṭhānādikaṃ attano atthāvahaṃ na hotīti attho. Tattha kāraṇamāha ‘‘kicchati kāyo kilamatī’’ti. Navakammādipasutassa hi tahaṃ tahaṃ vicarato kāyasukhādialābhena kicchappatto hoti kilamati khedaṃ āpajjati, tena ca kāyakilamathena dukkhito. Vatthuvisadaattaneyyakiriyādīnaṃ abhāvena so puggalo samathaṃ na vindati cittasamādhānaṃ na labhatīti.
“所谓’不可取他人业‘,指新业执着及相应执著非属自身利益。因业受制,身心疲惫而搅乱,虽欲取乐,反致烦恼痛苦。因缺乏恶境断除及净心业行,彼人难得止息与心定。”
Oṭṭhappahatamattenātiādinā dve gāthā sutaparamassa paṇḍitamānino garahavasena, tato parā dve paṇḍitassa pasaṃsāvasena vuttā. Tattha oṭṭhappahatamattenāti sajjhāyasīsena oṭṭhaparivattanamattena, buddhavacanaṃ sajjhāyakaraṇamattenāti attho. Attānampi na passatīti anatthaññutāya attano paccakkhabhūtampi atthaṃ na jānāti, yāthāvato attano pamāṇaṃ na paricchindatīti attho. Patthaddhagīvo caratīti ‘‘ahaṃ bahussuto, satimā, paññavā, na mayā sadiso añño atthī’’ti mānatthaddho hutvā garuṭṭhāniyānampi apacitiṃ adassento ayosalākaṃ gilitvā ṭhito viya thaddhagīvo carati. Ahaṃ seyyoti maññatīti ahameva seyyo uttamoti maññati.
「Oṭṭhappahatamattenā」等两句诗,是用来讥讽那些只自以为学识渊博者。接着,又用另外两句诗,以表示真正智慧者的赞叹。此中『Oṭṭhappahatamattenā』的意义是指向师长学习时缺乏专注,只是转身起立的态度,是对佛陀言教作师长导引缺乏专心的含义。此外,自己也看不见真实的自己,因不通达自己条件的缘故,也无法正确辨识自己,意指未能正确认识自身限度。比如说,有人自以为是多闻、具足念慧的圣者,目中无人,自视甚高却对他人不敬;就像咬住木棒站立不动的牛犊一样固执不化,摇摇晃晃地行走。又有这样的人自认躺卧最好,心中以为只有自己才是上上者。
Aseyyo seyyasamānaṃ, bālo maññati attānanti ayaṃ aseyyo hīno samāno aññena seyyena uttamena samānaṃ sadisaṃ katvā attānaṃ bālo mandabuddhi bālabhāveneva maññatīti. Na taṃ viññū pasaṃsantīti taṃ tādisaṃ bālaṃ paggahitacittatāya patthaddhamānasaṃ thambhitattaṃ naraṃ viññū paṇḍitā na pasaṃsanti, aññadatthu garahantiyeva.
“躺卧者”与躺卧无异,有愚者自以为自己如此,而低下无能的愚者竟将自己与他人随便躺卧状态相提并论,认为自己与卓越者同等,是愚痴之见。智者绝不会赞同此类愚痴的心态,智慧比库不以此来称赞愚人。反倒是在别的方面,愚人被轻视、嘲弄而已。
Seyyohamasmīti yo pana paṇḍito puggalo ‘‘seyyohamasmī’’ti vā hīnasadisamānavasena ‘‘nāhaṃ seyyo’’ti vā kañcipi mānaṃ ajappento vidhāsu navasu mānakoṭṭhāsesu kassacipi vasena na vikampati.
真有智慧的人,即使称自己“我是最好”的话,或自谦“我并非最好”,只要不是出于轻慢傲慢、也不是附和别人虚荣的言辞,在调伏七种烦恼时,心态坚固,不受动摇。
Paññavantanti aggaphalapaññāvasena paññavantaṃ iṭṭhādīsu tādibhāvappattiyā tādiṃ, asekkhaphalasīlesu suṭṭhu patiṭṭhitattā sīlesu susamāhitaṃ, arahattaphalasamāpattisamāpajjanena cetosamathamanuyuttanti tādisaṃ sabbaso pahīnamānaṃ khīṇāsavaṃ viññū buddhādayo paṇḍitā pasaṃsare vaṇṇenti thomentīti attho.
所谓“有智慧者”,是指具足智慧成就,如同首要果实的智慧,依止善法而修习身心,严持戒律而能安住其中,得到阿拉汉果的内心宁静与安稳,这类聪明智慧的世尊、圣人们,以其智慧高度而获得热爱赞叹,这就是含义。
Puna aññataraṃ dubbacaṃ bhikkhuṃ disvā dovacassatāya ādīnavaṃ, sovacassatāya ānisaṃsañca pakāsento ‘‘yassa sabrahmacārīsū’’tiādikā dve gāthā abhāsi. Tā vuttatthā eva.
又见一名行为恶劣的比库,他在言语上造作恶念,暴露其内在恶疾,佛陀以“两句诗”指出:『对持戒僧众者,当以警戒自重为先』,语意正是此理。
Puna uddhataṃ unnaḷaṃ ekaṃ bhikkhuṃ disvā uddhatādibhāve dosaṃ, anuddhatādibhāve ca guṇaṃ vibhāvento ‘‘uddhato capalo bhikkhū’’tiādikā dve gāthā abhāsi. Tattha kapīva sīhacammenāti sīhacammena pāruto makkaṭo viya. So uddhatādidosasaṃyutto bhikkhu tena paṃsukūlena ariyaddhajena na upasobhati ariyaguṇānaṃ abhāvato.
再见一比库,傲慢放逸,诸恶共存,佛陀以另外“两句诗”指出:“傲慢躁动的比库,犹如覆盖狮子皮的猴子”,意在形容此比库外表具僧衣,内心如同猴子,在德行上不配正法,因其缺少尊敬正法,无法精勤修行圣贤德行。
Yo pana upasobhati, taṃ dassetuṃ ‘‘anuddhato’’tiādi vuttaṃ;
若有人净除破坏,则称为『未违犯者』,以此语句明示。
Ete sambahulātiādikā pañca gāthā āyasmantaṃ sāriputtaṃ namassante brahmakāyike deve disvā āyasmato kappinassa sitapātukammanimittaṃ vuttā. Tattha eteti tesaṃ paccakkhatāya vuttaṃ . Sambahulāti bahubhāvato, taṃ pana bahubhāvaṃ ‘‘dasadevasahassānī’’ti paricchinditvā āha. Devāti upapattidevā. Taṃ tesaṃ devabhāvaṃ aññehi visesetvā dassento ‘‘sabbe te brahmakāyikā’’ti āha. Yasmā te attano upapattiddhiyā mahatiyā deviddhiyā samannāgatā parivārasampannā ca, tasmā āha ‘‘iddhimanto yasassino’’ti.
『众多』等五句偈颂,是敬礼长老沙利子时所说。观察婆罗门天众后,因见长老咖毕那有洁白袈裟修行之因缘,故说。此中『以是』者,表明因果关系。『众多』意为量多或多种意义,沙利子将其特指为『一万天众』。『天』指上生诸天。沙利子特殊指示其中天性,以明确为『诸婆罗门天众』,并称其具有生天根品、大神通力和随从,从而讴歌为『有神通且著名者』。
‘‘Ko nu senāpati bhoto’’ti pucchāya vissajjanavasena ‘‘mayā pavattitaṃ dhammacakkaṃ anuttaraṃ sāriputto anuvattetī’’ti (ma. ni. 2.399) vadantena bhagavatā āyasmato sāriputtattherassa dhammasenāpatibhāvo anuññātoti āha – ‘‘dhammasenāpatiṃ vīraṃ mahājhāyiṃ samāhitaṃ sāriputta’’nti. Tattha vīranti kilesamārādīnaṃ nimmathanena vīriyavantaṃ mahāvikkantaṃ. Mahājhāyinti dibbavihārādīnaṃ ukkaṃsagamanena mahantaṃ jhāyiṃ. Tato eva sabbaso vikkhepaviddhaṃsanavasena samāhitaṃ. Namassantāti sirasi añjaliṃ paggayha namassamānā tiṭṭhanti.
『将军是谁?』因提问者如释然般回答『沙利子承转我所转无上法轮』,(《大念处经》2.399)世尊因此称赞长老沙利子为法军统帅——『勇猛修习诸漏尽者,广大禅定沙利子』。其中『勇猛』指勇猛破除烦恼等;『广大』意指修行精进宏大不懈;『禅定大师』指具大神通,能够自在入出各种天禅。沙利子因而全然专注,身披正礼长跪行礼,头上合掌而立。
Yampinissāyāti yaṃ nu kho ārammaṇaṃ nissāya ārabbha jhāyatīti nābhijānāmāti puthujjanabhāvena brahmāno evaṃ āhaṃsu.
『依止什么?』意指依止何种所缘而起禅定,凡夫无知,天神亦然如是说。
Accheraṃ vatāti acchariyaṃ vata. Buddhānanti catusaccabuddhānaṃ. Gambhīro gocaro sakoti paramagambhīro atiduddaso duranubodho puthujjanehi asādhāraṇo avisayo. Idāni tassa gambhīrabhāve kāraṇaṃ dassetuṃ ‘‘ye maya’’ntiādi vuttaṃ. Tattha vālavedhisamāgatāti ye mayaṃ vālavedhidhanuggahasadisā atisukhumampi visayaṃ paṭivijjhituṃ samatthā āgatā upaparikkhantā nābhijānāma, gambhīro vata buddhānaṃ visayoti attho. Taṃ tathā devakāyehīti taṃ tathārūpaṃ sāriputtaṃ sadevakassa lokassa pūjanārahaṃ tehi brahmakāyikehi tadā tathā pūjitaṃ disvā āyasmato mahākappinassa sitaṃ ahosi. Imesaṃ lokasammatānaṃ brahmūnampi avisayo, yattha sāvakānaṃ visayoti.
『殊胜』即为殊胜之义。『佛』指四谛觉者。『深广所摄』即佛法深密难测,凡夫难以领会。于此『诸佛深广境界』有说『我等诸比库如敌如针,能探难解境界』,谓此义。此即称作『诸佛所摄深境界』。因此,长老沙利子在众天礼敬时,此处咖毕那心生欢喜。当世间公认的诸婆罗门天众皆属此深境界,乃是弟子所能入的境界。
Yāvatā buddhakhettamhīti gāthā therena attānaṃ ārabbha sīhanādaṃ nadantena bhāsitā. Tattha buddhakhettamhīti āṇākhettaṃ sandhāya vadati. Ṭhapayitvā mahāmuninti sammāsambuddhaṃ ṭhapetvā . Buddhā hi bhagavanto dhutaguṇehipi sabbasattehi paramukkaṃsagatā eva, kevalaṃ pana mahākaruṇāsañcoditamānasā sattānaṃ tādisaṃ mahantaṃ upakāraṃ oloketvā gāmantasenāsanavāsādiṃ anuvattantīti taṃ taṃ dhutadhammavirodhī hoti. Dhutaguṇeti kilesānaṃ dhutena guṇena āraññakādibhāvena apekkhitaguṇe. Karaṇatthe vā etaṃ bhummavacanaṃ. Sadiso me na vijjati, kuto pana uttarīti adhippāyo. Tathā hesa thero tattha aggaṭṭhāne ṭhapito.
『至佛领域』,此偈乃长老自号,如狮子吼般发声。『佛领域』指缘起界。『建立大圣人』即设立正自觉者。佛乃世尊,具正法纯净,为诸众生最高所归,仅因大悲心所感召,示现诸多利益遗世间,依次庄严村落、军营等。此举乃正法持续行持,不可谓违(无相对)。所谓正法,是以破执烦恼的功德来称。若为广义,则可视为地之名。此义难有他解释,乃长老之权威所立。
Na cīvareti gāthāya ‘‘ṭhapayitvā mahāmuni’’nti vuttamevatthaṃ pākaṭataraṃ karoti, cīvarādīsu taṇhāya anupalepo dhutaṅgaphalaṃ. Tattha na cīvare sampatte taṇhālepenāti yojanā. Sayaneti senāsane. Gotamoti bhagavantaṃ gottena kitteti. Anappameyyoti pamāṇakarakilesābhāvato aparimāṇaguṇatāya ca anappameyyo. Muḷālapupphaṃ vimalaṃva ambunāti yathā nimmalaṃ virajaṃ naḷinaṃ udakena na limpati, evaṃ gotamo bhagavā taṇhālepādinā na limpatīti attho. Nekkhammaninno abhinikkhammaninno tato eva tibhavābhinissaṭo bhavattayato vinissaṭo visaṃyutto.
“不以‘置于伟大圣人处’这句歌颂言辞而称赞衣服”,对衣服等中渴爱不污秽的净灭果进行明确解释。这里所说的“净灭渴爱不染”并非指衣服的净灭。所谓“安卧”指躺卧处;“Gotama”用“gotten”一词称谓世尊;“Anappameyyo”是指无量无边的无缺陷品质,因其无量无边之德,无比可及。譬如莲花净如露水,莲花不因水而染污,因其清净无尘,世尊亦如是,不被渴爱之污染。出家人是出家不退者,因而远离三界;从自性上说,断除贪嗔痴,远离一切束缚。
Yesaṃ satipaṭṭhānagīvādīnaṃ bhāvanāpāripūriyā yattha katthaci anupalitto nekkhammaninnova ahosi, te aṅgabhūte dassento ‘‘satipaṭṭhānagīvo’’ti osānagāthamāha. Tattha guṇarāsito uttamaṅgabhūtāya paññāya adhiṭṭhānabhāvato satipaṭṭhānaṃ gīvā etassāti satipaṭṭhānagīvo, anavajjadhammānaṃ ādāne saddhā hattho etassāti saddhāhattho. Guṇasarīrassa uttamaṅgabhāvato paññā sīsaṃ etassāti paññāsīso. Mahāsamudāgamanatāya mahāvisayatāya mahānubhāvatāya mahābalatāya ca mahantaṃ sabbaññutasaṅkhātaṃ ñāṇaṃ etassa atthīti mahāñāṇī. Sadā sabbakālaṃ nibbuto sītibhūto carati. ‘‘Susamāhito…pe… nāgo’’ti (a. ni. 6.43) suttapadañcettha nidassetabbaṃ. Yaṃ panettha atthato avibhattaṃ, taṃ heṭṭhā vuttanayameva.
凡修习念处诸法而修行完善,不曾沾染的有如出家人者,属于六根之先行,示现为“念处之先行”;其中因具足智慧,定心坚定,念处有力,如此称为念处之先行。信心如手引导皈依,故称为信心之手;智慧为主宰首领,称为智慧之首领。其智慧广大如大海,比库交往广泛,利益广大,力量强盛,具足无上通达之智,是为大智者。此大智者恒常涅槃,清凉安乐而行。『沙利子闻经』经文“正定…龙”句此处应当标示引用。自此显要义理,以下述说纯粹本质。
Mahākassapattheragāthāvaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā. · 大咖萨巴长老偈注释完毕。
Cattālīsanipātavaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā. · 四十集注释完毕。