15. Soḷasakanipāto · 15. 十六集义注
15. Soḷasakanipāto十六集
1. Aññāsikoṇḍaññattheragāthāvaṇṇanā一、阿念西果德念长老偈释
Soḷasakanipāte esa bhiyyotiādikā āyasmato aññāsikoṇḍaññattherassa gāthā. Kā uppatti? Ayampi padumuttarassa bhagavato kāle haṃsavatīnagare gahapatimahāsālakule nibbattitvā viññutaṃ patvā ekadivasaṃ satthu santike dhammaṃ suṇanto satthāraṃ ekaṃ bhikkhuṃ attano sāsane paṭhamaṃ paṭividdhadhammarattaññūnaṃ aggaṭṭhāne ṭhapentaṃ disvā sayampi taṃ ṭhānantaraṃ patthento satasahassabhikkhuparivārassa satthuno sattāhaṃ mahādānaṃ pavattetvā paṇidhānaṃ akāsi. Satthāpissa anantarāyataṃ disvā bhāviniṃ sampattiṃ byākāsi. So yāvajīvaṃ puññāni katvā satthari parinibbute cetiye patiṭṭhāpiyamāne antocetiye ratanagharaṃ kāresi, cetiyaṃ parivāretvā sahassaratanagghiyāni ca kāresi.
《十六部》中有这样一首诗,是尊长比库长老阿尼亚索孔年所作。其由来如何?此诗亦出自世尊果德玛时期,当时世尊住世于鸿沙城,出身于富有之家,修学觉悟成正觉者后,某日专注深入禅定,静心听闻世尊所说法义。见世尊独自一比库,广牒教法于诸比库中,成为开创第一正法执持者。自己亦见世尊庄严庄严地立于坛上,专注注视,率领上千比库僧团,随侍近前七周,广施大布施,严肃修发誓愿。世尊的即时现前威仪昭彰,宣说未来修行成果。因此,此比库终其一生,作广大利众功德,于世尊涅槃后建造宝舍于圣塔底座,围绕圣塔筑上千宝墙。
So evaṃ puññāni katvā, tato cavitvā, devamanussesu saṃsaranto vipassissa bhagavato kāle mahākālo nāma kuṭumbiko hutvā aṭṭhakarīsamatte khette sāligabbhaṃ phāletvā, gahitasālitaṇḍulehi asambhinnakhīrapāyāsaṃ sampādetvā, tattha madhusappisakkarādayo pakkhipitvā, buddhappamukhassa saṅghassa adāsi. Sāligabbhaṃ phāletvā gahitagahitaṭṭhānaṃ puna pūrati, puthukakāle puthukaggaṃ nāma adāsi. Lāyane lāyanaggaṃ, veṇikaraṇe veṇaggaṃ, kalāpādikaraṇe kalāpaggaṃ, khalaggaṃ, bhaṇḍaggaṃ, minaggaṃ, koṭṭhagganti; evaṃ ekasasse nava vāre aggadānaṃ nāma adāsi. Tampi sassaṃ atirekataraṃ sampannaṃ ahosi.
此比库毕生积累善业,最终辞别世间,转生于天人与人类之间。在世尊果德玛时代,以大户之身分为名为“大时”者,他承租八百目利田,种植稻谷,施放牛耕田,制备未掺杂其他物质的鲜牛乳甜米粥,并饲养蜜蜂投放百花花粉,在佛陀及其僧团前献上奉养。收获稻谷后,以所蒲积之地满填,历代均称赠此土地为蒲坎达。村落诸名如赖耶村、瓦乐元村、卡拉巴迪村、卡辣村、巴辣村、弥那村、毗陀村等。如此他生平于九十余年间多次布施,反复行善,故他本人福德极为充盛。
Evaṃ yāvajīvaṃ puññāni katvā, tato cuto devaloke nibbattitvā devesu ca manussesu ca saṃsaranto, amhākaṃ bhagavato uppattito puretarameva kapilavatthunagarassa avidūre doṇavatthunāmake brāhmaṇagāme brāhmaṇamahāsālakule nibbatti. Tassa koṇḍaññoti gottato āgataṃ nāmaṃ ahosi. So vayappatto tayo vede uggahetvā lakkhaṇamantesu ca pāraṃ agamāsi. Tena samayena amhākaṃ bodhisatto tusitapurato cavitvā kapilavatthupure suddhodanamahārājassa gehe nibbatti. Tassa nāmaggahaṇadivase aṭṭhuttarasatesu brāhmaṇesu upanītesu ye aṭṭha brāhmaṇā lakkhaṇapariggahaṇatthaṃ mahātalaṃ upanītā. So tesu sabbanavako hutvā, mahāpurisassa lakkhaṇanipphattiṃ disvā, ‘‘ekaṃsena ayaṃ buddho bhavissatī’’ti niṭṭhaṃ gantvā mahāsattassa abhinikkhamanaṃ udikkhanto vicarati.
此比库积集善业完满,往生天界后,转生于天人和人类之中。据传此人在世尊果德玛出世之前,生于靠近咖毕拉瓦图的一个婆罗门大户之家,名曰阿伽塔,三十岁时庄严嘉祥显现。他当时离开年少时代,前往任大国王苏提陀那家中转生。该日,八十八位婆罗门长者奉命携带宝盘前来庆贺。阿伽塔在人群中居首位,显现大丈夫之庄严预兆,说此人未来必成佛,讲完便离去,见证伟大觉者将要出世。
Bodhisattopi kho mahatā parivārena vaḍḍhamāno anukkamena vuddhippatto ñāṇaparipākaṃ gantvā ekūnatiṃsatime vasse mahābhinikkhamanaṃ nikkhamanto anomānadītīre pabbajitvā anukkamena uruvelaṃ gantvā padhānaṃ padahi. Tadā koṇḍañño māṇavo mahāsattassa pabbajitabhāvaṃ sutvā, lakkhaṇapariggāhakabrāhmaṇānaṃ puttehi vappamāṇavādīhi saddhiṃ attapañcamo pabbajitvā, anukkamena bodhisattassa santikaṃ upasaṅkamitvā, chabbassāni taṃ upaṭṭhahanto tassa oḷārikāhāraparibhogena nibbinno apakkamitvā isipatanaṃ agamāsi. Atha kho bodhisatto oḷārikāhāraparibhogena laddhakāyabalo vesākhapuṇṇamāyaṃ bodhirukkhamūle aparājitapallaṅke nisinno tiṇṇaṃ mārānaṃ matthakaṃ madditvā, abhisambuddho hutvā, sattasattāhaṃ bodhimaṇḍeyeva vītināmetvā, pañcavaggiyānaṃ ñāṇaparipākaṃ ñatvā, āsāḷhīpuṇṇamāyaṃ isipatanaṃ gantvā, tesaṃ dhammacakkapavattanasuttantaṃ (mahāva. 13 ādayo; saṃ. ni. 5.1081) desesi. Desanāpariyosāne koṇḍaññatthero aṭṭhārasahi brahmakoṭīhi saddhiṃ sotāpattiphale patiṭṭhāsi. Atha pañcamiyaṃ pakkhassa anattalakkhaṇasuttantadesanāya (mahāva. 20; saṃ. ni. 3.59) arahattaṃ sacchākāsi. Tena vuttaṃ apadāne (apa. thera 1.1.596-612) –
菩萨随着其大庄严逐渐增长,智慧渐成熟,三十岁时,于安那忧陀河畔剃度出家,前往乌鲁维罗修行精进。彼时婢尼孔年获悉菩萨剃度情形,与具有牙齿装饰的婆罗门之子们一同出家,前往菩萨所处,六年侍奉此菩萨,甚勤严敬,断绝贪嗔痴,离开俗家住处,回到仙人堕处。其时,菩萨身穿颜色浅黄的袈裟,坐于维萨咖足月树下不动摇的榻座,镇压三魔王之幻境,成正等觉,七周多时住于菩提树下,熟悉五支智慧,至八月望日在仙人堕处开转法轮。法轮所转的经典名为《大般涅槃经·第十三章》等,于经末孔年长老与其共十八万梵众共证初果。随后于第五个偏处讲述无我相经(《大般涅槃经·第二十章》等),证得阿拉汉果位。传言见于《阿阇世长者传记》篇。
‘‘Padumuttarasambuddhaṃ, lokajeṭṭhaṃ vināyakaṃ;
“我曾诣观世音如来,世间之尊,护法之主,
Buddhabhūmimanuppattaṃ, paṭhamaṃ addasaṃ ahaṃ.
出世佛陀,初次见彼佛土。”
‘‘Yāvatā bodhiyā mūle, yakkhā sabbe samāgatā;
诸夜叉聚集于菩提树根之下,
Sambuddhaṃ parivāretvā, vandanti pañjalīkatā.
围绕觉王,恭敬顶礼。
‘‘Sabbe devā tuṭṭhamanā, ākāse sañcaranti te;
群天皆心悦诚服,在空中翔游,
Buddho ayaṃ anuppatto, andhakāratamonudo.
此佛殊胜无比,破除黑暗无明之幽暗。
‘‘Tesaṃ hāsaparetānaṃ, mahānādo avattatha;
彼等笑声之上,发出大声响,
Kilese jhāpayissāma, sammāsambuddhasāsane.
将熄灭烦恼,依止正自觉者的教法。
‘‘Devānaṃ giramaññāya, vācāsabhimudīrihaṃ;
『天人领域』的知识深广,言语庄严展开;
Haṭṭho haṭṭhena cittena, ādibhikkhamadāsahaṃ.
彼此坐落聚集,心中清明专注,我奉献于初学比库。
‘‘Mama saṅkappamaññāya, satthā loke anuttaro;
『我的意念』坚固不动,导师于世无有匹敌;
Devasaṅghe nisīditvā, imā gāthā abhāsatha.
他端坐于天众中,说诵此偈语。
‘‘Sattāhaṃ abhinikkhamma, bodhiṃ ajjhagamaṃ ahaṃ;
我出世间之身,亲往觉悟之地;
Idaṃ me paṭhamaṃ bhattaṃ, brahmacārissa yāpanaṃ.
此为我首餐,是于出家人之供养。
‘‘Tusitā hi idhāgantvā, yo me bhikkhaṃ upānayi;
『图西塔天已来到此地,若有人为我迎接比库,』
Tamahaṃ kittayissāmi, suṇotha mama bhāsato.
『我当称赞彼比库,听我所言。』
‘‘Tiṃsakappasahassāni, devarajjaṃ karissati;
『三万劫之间,将建立天界王国,』
Sabbe deve abhibhotvā, tidivaṃ āvasissati.
『胜过诸天,居于三天之中。』
‘‘Devalokā cavitvāna, manussattaṃ gamissati;
『舍去天界,而入人间,』
Sahassadhā cakkavattī, tattha rajjaṃ karissati.
『千载为三界主,治理其国。』
‘‘Kappasatasahassamhi, okkākakulasambhavo;
『在一百千劫之中,鸦族中曾有共生,』
Gotamo nāma gottena, satthā loke bhavissati.
『果德玛以其种族之名,将成为世间的导师。』
‘‘Tidasā so cavitvāna, manussattaṃ gamissati;
『当那时代过去后,他将降生为人,』
Agārā pabbajitvāna, chabbassāni vasissati.
『舍弃家居而出家,修行六年。』
‘‘Tato sattamake vasse, buddho saccaṃ kathessati;
『第七年,佛陀将宣说真理,』
Koṇḍañño nāma nāmena, paṭhamaṃ sacchikāhiti.
『以名为阇耶难陀,成为最初的证悟者。』
‘‘Nikkhantenānupabbajiṃ, padhānaṃ sukataṃ mayā;
「我已舍弃世俗,出家修行,此为我所行善根第一要务;
Kilese jhāpanatthāya, pabbajiṃ, anagāriyaṃ.
为断除烦恼,舍弃俗世,于无主之地而出家修行。」
‘‘Abhigantvāna sabbaññū, buddho loke sadevake;
「世尊此时遍知世间一切,如全智者;
Isināme migāraññe, amatabherimāhani.
犹如虎王于森林中,无畏死灭的无上勇士。
‘‘So dāni patto amataṃ, santipadamanuttaraṃ;
如今已得不死之果,得至无上清净之道,
Sabbāsave pariññāya, viharāmi anāsavo.
断尽一切烦恼,我住于无染之境。」
‘‘Paṭisambhidā catasso…pe… kataṃ buddhassa sāsana’’nti.
『四种分别力……等……乃是佛陀教法所成』者。
Atha naṃ satthā aparabhāge jetavanamahāvihāre bhikkhusaṅghamajjhe paññattavarabuddhāsane nisinno paṭhamaṃ paṭividdhadhammabhāvaṃ dīpento, ‘‘etadaggaṃ, bhikkhave, mama sāvakānaṃ bhikkhūnaṃ rattaññūnaṃ yadidaṃ aññāsikoṇḍañño’’ti (a. ni. 1.188) etadagge ṭhapesi. So dvīhi aggasāvakehi attani karīyamānaṃ paramanipaccakāraṃ gāmantasenāsane ākiṇṇavihārañca pariharitukāmo, vivekābhiratiyā viharitukāmo ca attano santikaṃ upagatānaṃ gahaṭṭhapabbajitānaṃ paṭisanthārakaraṇampi papañcaṃ maññamāno satthāraṃ āpucchitvā himavantaṃ pavisitvā chaddantehi nāgehi upaṭṭhiyamāno chaddantadahatīre dvādasa vassāni vasi. Evaṃ tattha vasantaṃ theraṃ ekadivasaṃ sakko devarājā upasaṅkamitvā vanditvā ṭhito evamāha – ‘‘sādhu me, bhante, ayyo dhammaṃ desetū’’ti. Thero tassa catusaccagabbhaṃ tilakkhaṇāhataṃ suññatapaṭisaṃyuttaṃ nānānayavicittaṃ amatogadhaṃ buddhalīlāya dhammaṃ desesi. Taṃ sutvā sakko attano pasādaṃ pavedento –
然后,世尊于结集之处,即祇树给孤独园大寺僧团之中,端坐于指定之佛陀坐具上,首讲分别力功德,昭示道理,言:『诸比库,诸沙弥中此为至上之心识内观。』此乃极尊贵之教法。其后,世尊与两位主要弟子共认真执行至高正业,欲摧毁村落士兵聚集之占据地及其坏居,同时渴望以远离尘世安隐修行为务,亲自上山,近侍诸已归依自身、已出家家舍者,周旋处理各项纷争事端,终达成使命。于遮难火山虫松林,世尊住于十二载。如此长期栖宿时,有天帝萨咖一天来访,敬礼而立,谦恭称赞:『善哉尊长!尊者宜为我等宣说佛陀真法。』长老应声即兴演说,述诸圣谛之根本内涵,三相性质空义及苦集灭道之深邃教理,讲述时各相互生,因缘维系,无生无灭,超越分别,融无尽智巧妙法戏。彼听闻后,萨咖感悟得慰,自思:
§673
673.
673. 「诸比库」者,乃世尊于此处以此语唤起彼等之注意也。
‘‘Esa bhiyyo pasīdāmi, sutvā dhammaṃ mahārasaṃ;
『闻斯圣法,令我尤为欢喜;法已广说,解脱无著。』——第一偈,宣说如下:
Virāgo desito dhammo, anupādāya sabbaso’’ti. – paṭhamaṃ gāthamāha;
吾更欣然欢喜,闻圣教多次,于世尊前甚信受;法之无著已昭彰,放下诸著烦恼执;
Tattha esa bhiyyo pasīdāmi, sutvā dhammaṃ mahārasanti yadipi anekavāraṃ satthu santike dhammaṃ sutvā tattha abhippasanno. Idāni pana tumhehi kathitaṃ nānānayavicittatāya asecanakatāya ca mahārasaṃ dhammaṃ sutvā eso ahaṃ tato bhiyyo pasīdāmi. Virāgo desito dhammo, anupādāya sabbasoti sabbasaṃkilesato sabbasaṅkhārato ca virajjanato virāgajananato virāgo. Tato eva rūpādīsu kañci dhammaṃ anupādāya aggahetvā vimuttisādhanavasena pavattattā sabbaso anupādāya desito.
此处,吾更欢喜矣,闻圣教之广大趣味,以尔多次闻闻尊师法,我更为欢喜。法已诠述,无生无着,熄灭一切烦恼污染及诸造作。由此法教,离于色与诸法,远离执着,一念不生,作为达致解脱之方法,诸法尽皆由无著境界教诲而成。
Evaṃ sakko devarājā therassa desanaṃ thometvā theraṃ abhivādetvā sakaṭṭhānameva gato. Athekadivasaṃ thero micchāvitakkehi abhibhuyyamānānaṃ ekaccānaṃ puthujjanānaṃ cittācāraṃ disvā tappaṭipakkhabhūtañcassa anukkamaṃ anussaritvā, attano ca sabbaso tato vinivattitamānasataṃ āvajjetvā tadatthaṃ dīpetvā –
如来天帝在长老所作教诲毕、礼敬长老后,便当场返回座位。某一日,长老观察到一部分平凡人因妄念所困扰,见其心意行为迁变,依循苦乐之习,且自心全然回转后,便打发心意专注,宣扬此义曰──
§674
674.
674. 「有此四圣谛」者,此乃宣说其数量;「苦」等者,乃宣说其名称也。
‘‘Bahūni loke citrāni, asmiṃ pathavimaṇḍale;
“世间有许多色彩绚丽之物境,皆显现在这片尘土坛场中;
Mathenti maññe saṅkappaṃ, subhaṃ rāgūpasaṃhitaṃ.
我心思虑熏染其中,于美好爱欲交织的念头中纠缠;
§675
675.
675. 「如实」者,谓不颠倒、不虚妄,依其本然之状态也。「了知」者,谓以现观之智加以了知也。
‘‘Rajamuhatañca vātena, yathā meghopasammaye;
“尘埃飞扬及风吹拂之时,就如乌云渐渐聚集消散;
Evaṃ sammanti saṅkappā, yadā paññāya passatī’’ti. – dve gāthā abhāsi;
“如此谓念头成熟,谓之以智慧了知。”——有两句偈言。
Tattha bahūni loke citrānīti rūpādivasena tatthāpi nīlapītādivasena itthipurisādivasena ca anekāni loke cittavicittāni ārammaṇajātāni. Asmiṃ pathavimaṇḍaleti paccakkhabhūtaṃ manussalokaṃ sandhāya vadati. Mathenti maññe saṅkappanti tajjaṃ purisavāyāmasahitaṃ araṇisahitaṃ viya aggiṃ ayonisomanasikārābhisaṅkhātāni micchāsaṅkappāni mathenti maññe mathentāni viya tiṭṭhanti. Kīdisaṃ? Subhaṃ rāgūpasaṃhitaṃ, kāmavitakkanti attho. So hi subhākāraggahaṇena ‘‘subho’’ti voharīyati.
彼处谓世间众多形色等如色彩斑斓,亦如蓝色与黄色等,及男女众多,皆由心念所生所起。言此地乃因缘所现之人间世界。或曰,念头如同火焰,受风吹拂而熄灭,念头似乎被摧灭,实乃由离善根无正念所生之邪念所逐灭。观此念头停止如同燃火被灭而略存。何以故?所谓善之合聚,是欲念之意。以善法之聚集,称之为“善”。
Rajamuhatañcavātenāti ca-iti nipātamattaṃ. Yathā gimhānaṃ pacchime māse vātena ūhataṃ uṭṭhitaṃ rajaṃ mahāmegho vassanto upasammaye, vūpasameyya. Evaṃ sammanti saṅkappā, yadā paññāya passatīti yadā ariyasāvako tāni lokacitrāni samudayato, assādato, ādīnavato, nissaraṇato ca yathābhūtaṃ paññāya passati, atha yathā taṃ rajaṃ uhataṃ meghena, evaṃ sammanti paññāya sabbepi micchāsaṅkappā. Na hi uppannāya sammādiṭṭhiyā micchāsaṅkappā patiṭṭhaṃ labhanti. Yathā pana paññāya passati, taṃ dassento –
“被血风所吹动也”——此乃仅以语气助词言之。譬如晦日在午后之月中,被风吹动的血芒草竿,及雨季云层将止雨时将消散一样。如此谓念头成熟,谓之以智慧了知:当圣弟子以智慧真正见到世间种种幻彩产生、障碍、苦与灭尽之理,如观被风吹的草竿之血芒草竿时,亦如观此雨云消散,智慧亦能破除一切邪念。果真如此,邪思邪念不因正见而立住。就如以智慧洞察的所见——
§676
676.
676. 「长久」者,谓经历多生、多劫之流转也。「流转」者,谓于轮回中辗转往来,不得出离也。
‘‘Sabbe saṅkhārā aniccāti, yadā paññāya passati;
“一切行无常”,当以智慧观照时;
Atha nibbindati dukkhe, esa maggo visuddhiyā.
继之厌离苦,此径清净也。
§677
677.
第六百七十七节。
‘‘Sabbe saṅkhārā dukkhāti…pe… esa maggo visuddhiyā.
『一切行苦,诸行无常,诸行无我,诸行无我者,皆是苦。此为通向清净之道。』
§678
678.
第六百七十八节。
‘‘Sabbe dhammā anattāti, yadā paññāya passati;
『一切法无我,彼时以智慧见之;
Atha nibbindati dukkhe, esa maggo visuddhiyā’’ti. –
于是厌舍痛苦,此即通向清净之道。』——
Tisso gāthā abhāsi.
三句偈已说毕。
Tattha sabbe saṅkhārāti chaḷārammaṇasaṅgahā sabbe tebhūmakā pañcakkhandhā. Aniccāti ‘‘ādimajjhaantavantato, aniccantikato, tāvakālikato, tattha tattha bhijjanato na niccā’’ti yadā vipassanāpaññāya passati. Atha nibbindati dukkheti atha imasmiṃ vaṭṭadukkhe nibbindati, nibbindanto dukkhaparijānanādividhinā saccāni paṭivijjhati. Esa maggo visuddhiyāti esa yathāvutto vipassanāvidhi ñāṇadassanavisuddhiyā, accantavisuddhiyā ca maggo adhigamupāyo.
于彼处,一切行即六入处之所摄,诸皆以三界为本,五蕴为根本。无常者,谓从初至终、其中环环相续、暂时存在、时时破坏,彼皆不常。于此由观智见此理,继之生厌。厌即为此轮回苦生厌,由厌转苦知等修习方法,明了实义。这条道即为清净道,是讲述之如实出离智见清净及究竟清净的成就之道。
Dukkhāti sappaṭibhayato, udayabbayasampaṭipīḷanato, dukkhamato, sukhapaṭikkhepato ca dukkhā. Sesaṃ vuttanayameva.
苦者,是全面恐怖、起灭受迫、苦恼之心、舍乐而作苦,诸种皆含此义。其余前文已有说明。
Sabbe dhammā anattāti sabbepi catubhūmakā dhammā anattā. Idha pana tebhūmakadhammāva gahetabbā. Te hi asārato, avasavattanato, suññato, attapaṭikkhepato ca anattāti vipassitabbā. Sesaṃ purimasadisameva.
一切法无我,是说所有四大根本法皆无我。此处所当把握的是三界根本法,其无实体性、无自主性、空虚和无我的性质都应当由观智认识。其他义同前文所说。
Evaṃ vipassanāvidhiṃ dassetvā tena vidhinā katakiccaṃ attānaṃ aññaṃ viya katvā dassento –
如是示现观智方法,依此法而行,自视如他而示现—
§679
679.
679. 「故应修习」者,谓为断除苦之根本,应精勤修习八支圣道也。「无间」者,谓不间断、持续不懈地修习也。
‘‘Buddhānubuddho yo thero, koṇḍañño tibbanikkamo;
『随佛觉者者,长老为之,曰:鸠槃多三支禅』;
Pahīnajātimaraṇo, brahmacariyassa kevalī.
舍弃生死轮回,独守清净梵行。
§680
680.
第六百八十。
‘‘Oghapāso daḷhakhilo, pabbato duppadālayo;
「洪水如绳索坚固,岩石矗立难以动摇;
Chetvā khilañca pāsañca, selaṃ bhetvāna dubbhidaṃ;
斩断绳索与岩石,破除障碍极为困难;
Tiṇṇo pāraṅgato jhāyī, mutto so mārabandhanā’’ti. –
修至彼岸达到禅定者,断除魔缚终得解脱。」
Gāthādvayamāha.
此为双颂偈说。
Tattha buddhānubuddhoti buddhānaṃ anubuddho, sammāsambuddhehi bujjhitāni saccāni tesaṃ desanānusārena bujjhatīti attho. Thirehi asekkhehi sīlasārādīhi samannāgatoti, thero. Koṇḍaññoti gottakittanaṃ. Tibbanikkamoti daḷhavīriyo, thiraparakkamo. Jātimaraṇānaṃ pahīnakāraṇattā pahīnajātimaraṇo. Brahmacariyassa kevalīti maggabrahmacariyassa anavasesaṃ, anavasesato vā maggabrahmacariyassa pāripūrako, atha vā kevalī nāma kilesehi asammissatāya maggañāṇaṃ phalañāṇañca, taṃ imasmiṃ atthīti kevalī. Yasmā pana tadubhayampi maggabrahmacariyassa vasena hoti na aññathā, tasmā ‘‘brahmacariyassa kevalī’’ti vuttaṃ.
此处“佛陀觉知”意指众佛的觉悟,真实为正自觉者所觉悟诸真理,依其所说的教法而觉悟,此义即是。所谓“具足出家长老与未学者的戒法精华”等谓为长老。所谓“鞞迦牟那”为族姓名。“三次出家”谓勇猛精进,是坚定的勇猛毅力。由于断绝生死之因,生死亦随之断灭。所谓“纯净梵行”是指无余的道果梵行,或称无余地、圆满地的道果梵行,或纯净的道果智慧与果证,因其与烦恼不相应,故称纯净。因该二者皆为道果梵行之持有,无他义,故称纯净梵行者。
Oghapāsoti ‘‘kāmogho, bhavogho, diṭṭhogho, avijjogho’’ti (dha. sa. 1156; vibha. 938) evaṃ vuttā cattāro oghā – ‘‘antalikkhacaro pāso, yvāyaṃ carati mānaso’’ti (mahāva. 33; saṃ. ni. 1.151) evaṃ vutto rāgapāso ca. Daḷhakhiloti ‘‘satthari kaṅkhati, dhamme kaṅkhati, saṅghe kaṅkhati, sikkhāya kaṅkhati, sabrahmacārīsu kupito hoti anattamano āhatacitto khilajāto’’ti (ma. ni. 1.185; a. ni. 5.205) evaṃ vutto daḷho thiro pañcavidho cetokhilo ca. Pacurajanehi padāletuṃ asakkuṇeyyatāya duppadālayo. Tato eva pabbatasadisatāya pabbatoti ca saṅkhaṃ gato. ‘‘Dukkhe aññāṇa’’ntiādinā (vibha. 226; saṃ. ni. 2.2) vā nayena vutto aññāṇappabhedo ca. Iti etaṃ sabbaṃ chetvā khilañca pāsañcāti etesu catubbidhesu saṃkilesadhammesu yo khilañca pāsañca ariyamaggañāṇāsinā chinditvā. Selaṃ bhetvāna dubbhidanti yena kenaci ñāṇena chindituṃ asakkuṇeyyaṃ aññāṇaselaṃ vajirūpamañāṇena chinditvā, cattāropi oghe taritvā, tesaṃ paratīre nibbāne ṭhitattā tiṇṇo pāraṅgato. Ārammaṇūpanijjhānalakkhaṇena lakkhaṇūpanijjhānalakkhaṇenāti duvidhenapi jhāyī; mutto so mārabandhanāti so evarūpo khīṇāsavo sabbasmāpi kilesamārabandhanā mutto vippamutto visaṃyuttoti. Attānameva sandhāya thero vadati.
所谓“浪涛纽带”即“欲浪涛、存在浪涛、见浪涛、无明浪涛”(法集注等处有说)。此言四种浪涛,即“天空行者的纽带,心意流转于其中”(《大阿含经》、《相应部》),此即为贪欲的羁绊。所谓“坚定罪垢”,谓比库疑虑师师疑虑法、僧、戒律,且对同修者恼怒不悦,起诸恶心、心生烦恼污染,故名为坚定的五种内心罪垢(《中部》、阿难尼含等文)。这些谓五种顽固、坚固污垢之意。由此恶人难于克服,难以解除。故由此产生如山般阻碍,因此名为“山”。又因由“苦与无明”等引导,故名“无明之别”。如此,尽破除一切污垢、绊累中,于此四类污染法中,修习圣道智慧者断除所有污垢与绊累,譬如以金刚坚固心刺破无明坚石,渡过四种浪涛,于彼岸住稳,超越彼岸。由烦恼坚除的觉知,以及由标识坚除的觉知,两种禅习中修行者得解脱,如此无所染着,断除诸烦恼之锁,不动、不染、不缠、无碍,即自行作证,长老说此理。
Athekadivasaṃ thero, attano saddhivihārikaṃ ekaṃ bhikkhuṃ akalyāṇamittasaṃsaggena kusītaṃ hīnavīriyaṃ uddhataṃ unnaḷaṃ viharantaṃ disvā, iddhiyā tattha gantvā, taṃ ‘‘mā, āvuso, evaṃ kari, akalyāṇamitte pahāya kalyāṇamitte sevanto samaṇadhammaṃ karohī’’ti ovadi. So therassa vacanaṃ nādiyi. Thero tassa anādiyanena dhammasaṃvegappatto puggalādhiṭṭhānāya kathāya micchāpaṭipattiṃ garahanto sammāpaṭipattiṃ vivekavāsañca pasaṃsanto –
一日,一长老见一比库,因与恶友结交,懈怠软弱,怠惰堕落,遂用神通现身劝谏:“比库啊,不要如此,舍弃恶友而亲近善友,修习诸沙门法。”那比库不听从。长老因其不听,深生法悦,心生悲愍,称赞其正行修习,依止众生之所行,说明如是。
§681
681.
681. 「已现观」者,谓以出世间道智,照见四圣谛之实相也。「更无余生」者,谓于此最后之生,此后不复受生于三界之中也。
‘‘Uddhato capalo bhikkhu, mitte āgamma pāpake;
“懈怠轻浮的比库,亲近恶友;
Saṃsīdati mahoghasmiṃ, ūmiyā paṭikujjito.
在大难之中颓废落败,被世人轻蔑。”
§682
682.
第六百八十二条。
‘‘Anuddhato acapalo, nipako saṃvutindriyo;
『不躁不乱,心意专注,境界老练,根尘制御,』
Kalyāṇamitto medhāvī, dukkhassantakaro siyā.
『善友贤达,聪慧过人,如是者,当作苦灭之因。』
§683
683.
第六百八十三条。
‘‘Kālapabbaṅgasaṅkāso, kiso dhamanisanthato;
『时节适时,形体健壮,身端正勤,常随佛陀教法,』
Mattaññū annapānasmiṃ, adīnamanaso naro.
『知足于食饮之中,心不贪取,行人当如是。』
§684
684.
第六百八十四条。
‘‘Phuṭṭho ḍaṃsehi makasehi, araññasmiṃ brahāvane;
『被蚊虫叮咬,被蠓虫叮咬,处于森林圣林中;
Nāgo saṅgāmasīseva, sato tatrādhivāsaye.
如同巨蟒止于相斗之时一般,当守护念住于彼处。』
§685-6
685-6.
第六百八十五至八十六条。
‘‘Nābhinandāmi maraṇaṃ…pe… sampajāno patissato.
『我不喜爱死亡……如是……觉悟而专注于正念。』
§687
687.
第六百八十七条。
‘‘Pariciṇṇo mayā satthā…pe… bhavanetti samūhatā.
『由我所教导者已圆满……』等,谓佛陀住于此法教中完全具足。
§688
688.
六百八十八。
‘‘Yassa catthāya pabbajito, agārasmānagāriyaṃ;
『为其目的而出家者,从家宅离出行走沙门道;』
So me attho anuppatto, kiṃ me saddhivihārinā’’ti. –
此义我未得成就,我何以信心修行?』──此诗偈如是说。
Imā gāthā abhāsi.
此偈已被宣说。
Tattha uddhatoti uddhaccayutto asamāhito vikkhittacitto. Capaloti pattacīvaramaṇḍanādinā cāpalyena samannāgato lolapakatiko. Mitte āgamma pāpaketi akalyāṇamitte nissāya samaṇadhammaṃ akaronto. Saṃsīdati mahoghasmiṃ, ūmiyā paṭikujjitoti yathā mahāsamudde patitapuriso samuddavīcīhi otthaṭo sīsaṃ ukkhipituṃ alabhanto tattheva saṃsīdati, evaṃ saṃsāramahoghasmiṃ paribbhamanto kodhupāyāsaūmiyā paṭikujjito otthaṭo vipassanāvasena paññāsīsaṃ ukkhipituṃ alabhanto tattheva saṃsīdati.
其中,『焦躁』指心意散乱不安,未能专注;『动摇』谓因衣物装饰等外境而烦恼,心有所求善恶异友,若依恶友修行戒律则心退转。此心如沉沦于大海者,被波涛所覆,试图自其击浪中拔头而出,却不能成功,如是亦于轮回大海中受苦流转,带着愤怒与忧苦,甚为不安,虽心有观照般若之智尝试自苦海拔出,却未得胜利,仍然沉沦其中。
Nipakoti nipuṇo, attatthaparatthesu kusalo. Saṃvutindriyoti manacchaṭṭhānaṃ indriyānaṃ saṃvaraṇena pihitindriyo. Kalyāṇamittoti kalyāṇehi mittehi samannāgato. Medhāvīti dhammojapaññāya samaṅgībhūto. Dukkhassantakaro siyāti so tādiso sakalassāpi vaṭṭadukkhassa antakaro bhaveyya.
熟练者,精巧者,于自义他义皆善。所谓节制根者,是指心诸六处之根蕴节制而闭锁者。善友者,是具有善友为伴者。智慧者,其义乃以法念与智慧相统一。此人当为苦之终结者,乃是能够断绝一切轮回苦的那种人。
Kālapabbaṅgasaṅkāsotiādi vivekābhiratikittanaṃ. Nābhinandāmītiādi pana katakiccabhāvadassanaṃ. Taṃ sabbaṃ heṭṭhā (theragā. aṭṭha. 2.607) vuttatthameva. Osāne pana kiṃ me saddhivihārināti attano saddhivihārikaṃ sandhāya vuttaṃ. Tasmā edisena dubbacena anādarena saddhivihārinā kiṃ me payojanaṃ ekavihāroyeva mayhaṃ ruccatīti attho.
所谓远离时间段的阻碍等,是因离欲而受赞扬。所谓不喜爱等,则显示其行为性质的证据。以上诸义皆出自下文(长老歌谣第二卷607页)所说含义。至于『终我何用,信行何益?』,是关于自身信行的疑问。由此知晓,信行差劣、无礼执拗者无用,唯有独处一心者是令人悦纳的含义。
Evaṃ pana vatvā chaddantadahameva gato. Tattha dvādasa vassāni vasitvā upakaṭṭhe parinibbāne satthāraṃ upasaṅkamitvā parinibbānaṃ anujānāpetvā tattheva gantvā parinibbāyi.
如此说毕,如同蝉脱壳般离世。彼处住十二年之后,于临终之际,近付师主,获允般涅槃,随即赴彼处涅槃。
Aññāsikoṇḍaññattheragāthāvaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā. · 阿念西果德念长老偈释毕。
2. Udāyittheragāthāvaṇṇanā二、伍答夷长老偈释
Manussabhūtantiādikā āyasmato udāyittherassa gāthā. Kā uppatti? Ayampi purimabuddhesu katādhikāro tattha tattha bhave vivaṭṭūpanissayaṃ puññaṃ upacinitvā devamanussesu saṃsaranto imasmiṃ buddhuppāde kapilavatthusmiṃ brāhmaṇakule nibbattitvā udāyīti laddhanāmo vayappatto satthu ñātisamāgame buddhānubhāvaṃ disvā, paṭiladdhasaddho pabbajitvā vipassanāya kammaṃ karonto nacirasseva arahattaṃ pāpuṇi. Tayo hi ime udāyittherā amaccaputto pubbe āgato kāḷudāyī, kovariyaputto lāludāyī, ayaṃ brāhmaṇaputto mahāudāyīti. Svāyaṃ ekadivasaṃ satthārā setavāraṇaṃ sabbālaṅkārapaṭimaṇḍitaṃ mahājanena pasaṃsiyamānaṃ aṭṭhuppattiṃ katvā nāgopamasuttante (a. ni. 6.43) desite desanāpariyosāne attano ñāṇabalānurūpaṃ satthu guṇe anussaritvā, buddhārammaṇāya pītiyā samussāhitamānaso ‘‘ayaṃ mahājano imaṃ tiracchānagataṃ nāgaṃ pasaṃsati, na buddhamahānāgaṃ. Handāhaṃ buddhamahāgandhahatthino guṇe pākaṭe karissāmī’’ti satthāraṃ thomento –
所谓人间所生乃诸义开篇,是说长老伍答夷之歌谣。其由来何为?此人亦如往昔诸佛,有同样权能,于各地以正法传播,积功累福,游行于天人人间。此生于佛出现之时,在咖毕拉瓦图婆罗门家族中出生,名为伍答夷。于年老时,于佛亲属集会见佛踪迹,皈依出家勤修慧观,未久即得阿拉汉果。他是三位伍答长老之一,即阿摩茶子、哥王子及大伍答。其亲自于一日为师营设白布障障,饰以诸宝,令众人赞叹,确立名声。在《龙喻经》(增支部6.43)所宣说之法末,自身与智慧相应,随顺师德。因见佛光辉而生欢喜,心中由是生起誓愿:“此大信士赞扬此蜿蜒龙,非佛大龙。吾当宣说佛此大龙神之殊胜德行。”向师承诺如此——
§689
689.
第六百八十九条。
‘‘Manussabhūtaṃ sambuddhaṃ, attadantaṃ samāhitaṃ;
“人间所生之正觉,内心坚定专注;
Iriyamānaṃ brahmapathe, cittassūpasame rataṃ.
意欲进入梵道者,心已安定宁静,欢喜于此。
§690
690.
第六百九十。
‘‘Yaṃ manussā namassanti, sabbadhammāna pāraguṃ;
『诸人所敬仰者,诸法之超越者;
Devāpi taṃ namassanti, iti me arahato sutaṃ.
诸天亦敬仰之,此为我闻阿拉汉所说。』
§691
691.
第六百九十一。
‘‘Sabbasaṃyojanātītaṃ , vanā nibbanamāgataṃ;
『已断诸结,乃至森林涅槃者;
Kāmehi nekkhammarataṃ, muttaṃ selāva kañcanaṃ.
以无欲为乐,胜于金铁牢狱。
§692
692.
六百九十二。
‘‘Sa ve accaruci nāgo, himavāvaññe siluccaye;
『那恶龙啊,如同喜爱喜马拉雅雪山的岩石一般,
Sabbesaṃ nāganāmānaṃ, saccanāmo anuttaro.
所有龙中,其名信实最为无上。』
§693
693.
六百九十三。
‘‘Nāgaṃ vo kittayissāmi, na hi āguṃ karoti so;
『我将为你们称赞此龙,因其不作恶行;』
Soraccaṃ avihiṃsā ca, pādā nāgassa te duve.
毒蛇的前后两个足,具有慈悲且不伤害的特性。
§694
694.
六百九十四。
‘‘Sati ca sampajaññañca, caraṇā nāgassa tepare;
正念与正知,蛇的双足行履于地;
Saddhāhattho mahānāgo, upekkhāsetadantavā.
信心如大蛇之手,安忍如其犀牙。
§695
695.
六百九十五。
‘‘Sati gīvā siro paññā, vīmaṃsā dhammacintanā;
正念如舌,智慧如头,审察如法的思惟。
Dhammakucchisamāvāso, viveko tassa vāladhi.
法聚之处,乃此离欲清净独处之所。
§696
696.
第六百九十六偈。
‘‘So jhāyī assāsarato, ajjhattaṃ susamāhito;
“彼禅修者善守呼吸,内心安住,身心聚专,
Gacchaṃ samāhito nāgo, ṭhito nāgo samāhito.
如专注之龙行受护,立如龙般端正沉静。”
§697
697.
第六百九十七偈。
‘‘Sayaṃ samāhito nāgo, nisinnopi samāhito;
“龙自身端正沉静,坐亦不失定力;
Sabbattha saṃvuto nāgo, esā nāgassa sampadā.
处处被束缚的龙,这即是龙的财富。
§698
698.
第六百九十八。
‘‘Bhuñjati anavajjāni, sāvajjāni na bhuñjati;
『食用无罪的东西,自有罪者则不食;
Ghāsamacchādanaṃ laddhā, sannidhiṃ parivajjayaṃ.
获得草木、遮盖物,避开人群的不近。』
§699
699.
第六百九十九。
‘‘Saṃyojanaṃ aṇuṃ thūlaṃ, sabbaṃ chetvāna bandhanaṃ;
『烦恼之锁,无论微细粗重,悉皆斩断,破除一切束缚;'}
Yena yeneva gacchati, anapekkhova gacchati.
随顺缘起者,无所偏袒而行。
§700
700.
第七百节。
‘‘Yathāpi udake jātaṃ, puṇḍarīkaṃ pavaḍḍhati;
如水中生出的白莲,渐渐增长茁壮,
Nopalippati toyena, sucigandhaṃ manoramaṃ.
不染水垢,洁净芬芳令人赏心悦目。
§701
701.
第七百零一节。
‘‘Tatheva ca loke jāto, buddho loke viharati;
世尊如是世间生起,住于世间;
Nopalippati lokena, toyena padumaṃ yathā.
如水中莲花不为水染污一般,不为尘垢所染污。
§702
702.
七百零二。
‘‘Mahāgini pajjalito, anāhāropasammati;
『巨火焚烧之时,火能自行熄灭而不复燃起;
Aṅgāresu ca santesu, nibbutoti pavuccati.
当火中有余烬存在时,称为已入灭火。』『火焰熄灭有余烬时,谓之熄火。』
§703
703.
七百零三。
‘‘Atthassāyaṃ viññāpanī, upamā viññūhi desitā;
『为利义故所示说的譬喻,乃由智慧者所宣说;』
Viññissanti mahānāgā, nāgaṃ nāgena desitaṃ.
大龙显现时,龙由龙口宣说。
§704
704.
七百零四。
‘‘Vītarāgo vītadoso, vītamoho anāsavo;
「无贪无嗔,离痴无染;
Sarīraṃ vijahaṃ nāgo, parinibbissatyanāsavo’’ti. – imā gāthā abhāsi;
如龙脱身,灭尽一切染污,证得般涅槃。」──此为偈语所说。
Tattha manussabhūtanti manussesu bhūtaṃ, nibbattaṃ; manussattabhāvaṃ vā pattaṃ. Satthā hi āsavakkhayañāṇādhigamena sabbagativimuttopi carimattabhāve gahitapaṭisandhivasena ‘‘manusso’’tveva voharīyatīti. Guṇavasena pana devānaṃ atidevo, brahmānaṃ atibrahmā. Sambuddhanti sayameva bujjhitabbabuddhavantaṃ. Attadantanti attanāyeva dantaṃ. Bhagavā hi attanāyeva uppāditena ariyamaggena cakkhutopi…pe… manatopi uttamena damathena danto. Samāhitanti aṭṭhavidhena samādhinā maggaphalasamādhinā ca samāhitaṃ. Iriyamānaṃ brahmapatheti catubbidhepi brahmavihārapathe, brahme vā seṭṭhe phalasamāpattipathe samāpajjanavasena pavattamānaṃ. Kiñcāpi bhagavā na sabbakālaṃ yathāvutte brahmapathe iriyati, tattha iriyasāmatthiyaṃ pana tanninnatañca upādāya ‘‘iriyamāna’’nti vuttaṃ. Cittassūpasame ratanti cittassa upasamahetubhūte sabbasaṅkhārasamathe, nibbāne, abhirataṃ. Yaṃ manussā namassanti, sabbadhammāna pāragunti yaṃ sammāsambuddhaṃ sabbesaṃ khandhāyatanādidhammānaṃ abhiññāpāragū, pariññāpāragū, pahānapāragū, bhāvanāpāragū, sacchikiriyapāragū, samāpattipāragūti chadhā pāraguṃ paramukkaṃsagatasampattiṃ khattiyapaṇḍitādayo manussā namassanti. Dhammānudhammapaṭipattiyā pūjentā kāyena vācāya manasā ca tanninnā tappoṇā tappabbhārā honti. Devāpi taṃ namassantīti na kevalaṃ manussā eva, atha kho aparimāṇāsu lokadhātūsu devāpi taṃ namassanti. Iti me arahato sutanti evaṃ mayā ārakattādīhi kāraṇehi arahato, bhagavato, dhammasenāpatiādīnañca ‘‘satthā devamanussāna’’ntiādikaṃ vadantānaṃ santike evaṃ sutanti dasseti.
其中“人类者”指在人中得具足生处、息止之意,或谓为人之相貌。世尊因获断除烦恼之智,虽遍历诸趣,终归一处,故以自持因缘,恒以“人为”自称。性质上,众天中为天帝至尊,诸梵天中为梵主至尊,憍陈如来当以自觉者自称。自制者谓自我调伏者。世尊以自身乘圣道而生起之眼、心以最高调伏,称为自制。专注者指以八支禅定乃至道果禅定而专心一意者。所谓“进入梵道”谓由四梵住道得入梵界,或入梵界至尊之果行道道理运转。然世尊并非时时常入梵道,谓此处“进入”谓入法摄作用。心安静者,心因安定缘起,诸行皆息。此心乐于涅槃。人皆敬礼者,皆谓圣谛真理境界之到彼岸者,即正觉者,诸蕴、处界诸法之了知通达者,证于舍弃次第、修习次第、真实觉证乃至具足之圣行,及至究竟解脱果位。贵族智者诸人及人等皆恭敬礼拜。依法正行而礼敬者,身语意不染浊,不重负烦恼业。诸天亦敬礼,非独人间,遍及无限世界中诸天亦敬礼。此乃我阿拉汉所闻,缘诸护法师及眷属,如是闻于世尊、法军领袖等尊者,称曰「师为天人之师」等,于彼等前如是闻并得显示。
Sabbasaṃyojanātītanti sabbāni dasapi saṃyojanāni yathārahaṃ catūhi maggehi saha vāsanāya atikkantaṃ. Vanā nibbanamāgatanti kilesavanato tabbirahitaṃ nibbanaṃ upagataṃ. Kāmehi nekkhammaratanti sabbaso kāmehi nikkhamitvā pabbajjājhānavipassanādibhede nekkhamme abhirataṃ. Muttaṃ selāva kañcananti asārato nissaṭasārasabhāvattā selato nissaṭakañcanasadisaṃ devāpi taṃ namassantīti yojanā.
所谓“断尽诸缠”,谓断除十种缠累,如四圣道品随重破除染着。所谓“到舍灭”,指染污烦恼尽灭,得离一切烦恼而无垢净安乐涅槃。所谓“乐欲远离”,谓乐于离欲出家修习禅观等,乐于出离无漏。所谓“纯净金刚”,说该相离垢性无所粘著,如洁净无垢的金刚,故诸天亦礼敬此,殷勤顶礼奉敬。
Save accaruci nāgoti so ekaṃsato āguṃ na karoti, punabbhavaṃ na gacchati; nāgo viya balavāti. ‘‘Nāgo’’ti laddhanāmo sammāsambuddho, accarucīti attano kāyaruciyā ñāṇaruciyā ca sadevakaṃ lokaṃ atikkamitvā ruci, sobhi. Yathā kiṃ? Himavāvaññe siluccaye, yathā hi himavā pabbatarājā attano thiragarumahāsārabhāvādīhi guṇehi aññe pabbate atirocati, evaṃ atirocatīti attho. Sabbesaṃ nāganāmānanti ahināgahatthināgapurisanāgānaṃ , sekhāsekhapaccekabuddhanāgānaṃ vā. Saccanāmoti sacceneva nāganāmo. Taṃ pana saccanāmataṃ ‘‘na hi āguṃ karotī’’tiādinā sayameva vakkhati.
“不害他者”者,是指一心不作恶,永不再生者;如同龙强壮一般。‘龙’此称谓,是指正自觉者,谓其以自身身悦与智悦超越了世间一切众生之乐而端庄光明。譬如喜马拉雅山雪峰之白净;又如喜马拉雅山诸王以其坚固宏伟威严等诸善特胜而显超于他山,‘显超’即此义。所有称为‘龙’者,包括无鳞龙、象龙、人龙、鳞龙等各类龙族,以及依教修行的学龙、分龙、独觉龙。‘真’称谓即真诚、真实之意。至于‘真’之称谓,是因其不作恶行自证己身之故,此义由其自身亲自说示。
Idāni buddhanāgaṃ avayavato ca dassento nāmato tāva dassetuṃ ‘‘na hi āguṃ karoti so’’ti āha. Yasmā āguṃ, pāpaṃ, sabbena sabbaṃ na karoti, tasmā nāgoti attho. Soraccanti sīlaṃ. Avihiṃsāti karuṇā. Tadubhayaṃ sabbassapi guṇarāsissa pubbaṅgamanti, katvā buddhanāgassa purimapādabhāvo tassa yuttoti āha ‘‘pādā nāgassa te duve’’ti.
今当自整体观照佛陀此龙义名,特引其‘不作恶行’句以表其义。因其不作任何恶业故,称为‘龙’。其如兔戒清净。如非暴行,则为慈悲。此两者,彼一切善德之先导。由此成就佛陀之龙行,遂称‘你二足为龙足’之义。
Aparapādabhāvena vadanto ‘‘sati ca sampajaññañca, caraṇā nāgassa tepare’’ti āha. ‘‘Tyāpare’’ti vā pāṭho. Te aparetveva padavibhāgo. Anavajjadhammānaṃ ādāne saddhā hattho etassāti, saddhāhattho. Suparisuddhavedanā ñāṇappabhedā upekkhā setadantā te etassa atthīti, upekkhāsetadantavā.
论其他足之义,谓‘念及正知为龙之另一足’。有译本作‘另一足’。此‘他足’即足之部分。言信奉戒法纯净者,信心强大如象手,是谓信心之手。洁净觉知、智慧之差别及无喜无怒的平等心乃此义,称为‘平等心无喜无怒’。
Uttamaṅgaṃ paññā, tassā adhiṭṭhānaṃ satīti āha ‘‘sati gīvā siro paññā’’ti. Vīmaṃsā dhammacintanāti yathā khāditabbākhāditabbassa soṇḍāya parāmasanaṃ ghāyanañca hatthināgassa vīmaṃsā nāma hoti, evaṃ buddhanāgassa kusalādidhammacintanā vīmaṃsā. Samā vasanti etthāti, samāvāso, bhājanaṃ kucchi eva samāvāso, abhiññāsamathānaṃ ādhānabhāvato samathavipassanāsaṅkhāto dhammo kucchisamāvāso etassāti dhammakucchisamāvāso. Vivekoti upadhiviveko. Tassāti buddhanāgassa. Vāladhi, pariyosānaṅgabhāvato.
智慧为上足,其坚定为其根基,故言‘念为颈,头为智慧’。判断及法思量,譬如驯服拔毛、治病赶除寄生虫、清理象龙,谓之考察;佛陀之龙行则为善法之思维考察。‘同住于此’谓同一处所居,同食一钵,和合共处。由具足神通而能调伏心念,定与慧相称组合,故称此为法之钵中同住。‘独处’即离执着之独处,指佛陀之龙行亦如是。‘污秽远离’形容其完满。
Jhāyīti ārammaṇūpanijjhānena ca jhāyanasīlo. Assāsaratoti paramassāsabhūte nibbāne rato. Ajjhattaṃ susamāhitoti visayajjhatte phalasamāpattiyaṃ suṭṭhu samāhito tadidaṃ samādhānaṃ suṭṭhu sabbakālikanti dassetuṃ ‘‘gacchaṃ samāhito nāgo’’tiādi vuttaṃ. Bhagavā hi savāsanassa uddhaccassa pahīnattā vikkhepābhāvato niccaṃ samāhitova. Tasmā yaṃ yaṃ iriyāpathaṃ kappeti, taṃ taṃ samāhitova kappesīti.
禅修谓由精进心所生诸入为禅定之心品。‘不息息者’,乃指极高无上不间断的涅槃境乐。‘内心专注’者,是谓善观境界时心意安稳,能正确达成果报。此为正定内涵,故称‘定行龙矣’。世尊于末法中能断躁动散乱,常住如实专注。由此,凡其所行诸路径全为专注之行。
Sabbatthāti, sabbasmiṃ gocare, sabbasmiñca dvāre sabbaso pihitavutti. Tenāha – ‘‘sabbaṃ kāyakammaṃ ñāṇapubbaṅgamaṃ ñāṇānuparivatta’’ntiādi (netti. 15). Esā nāgassa sampadāti esā ‘‘na hi āguṃ karoti so’’tiādinā ‘‘sambuddha’’ntiādinā eva vā yathāvuttā vakkhamānā ca buddhagandhahatthino sampatti guṇaparipuṇṇā.
普遍遍及一切境界、之一切门户皆被守护严密。故言:‘一切身业皆由智慧所先导,智慧彼此推动’等语。此即龙之成就,为‘不作恶行’、‘正觉者’等尊称体现。俱足佛香慧力,满具殊胜功德。
Bhuñjatianavajjānīti sammājīvassa ukkaṃsapāramippattiyā bhuñjati agarahitabbāni, micchājīvassa sabbaso savāsanānañca pahīnattā sāvajjāni garahitabbāni na bhuñjati anavajjāni bhuñjanto ca sannidhiṃ parivajjayaṃ bhuñjatīti yojanā.
『不应取用』者,谓正当生活者因欲得清净境界而应远离所不应取用之物;邪生活者则全然失舍、废弃戒律所守,故应远离不正当之物,且取用不应取用之物而已,故此所说乃是『结』。
Saṃyojananti vaṭṭadukkhena saddhiṃ santānaṃ saṃyojanato vaṭṭe osīdāpanasamatthaṃ dasavidhampi saṃyojanaṃ. Aṇuṃ thūlanti khuddakañceva mahantañca. Sabbaṃ chetvāna bandhananti maggañāṇena anavasesaṃ kilesabandhanaṃ chinditvā. Yena yenāti yena yena disābhāgena.
『结』者,是谓随轮回苦一起作用,使众生同入轮回中。依轮回能灭除十种结。细小者如微尘,巨大者如大山。凡结若被切断,即以道之智,彻底断除烦恼束缚。『随何处』即随诸方位之义。
Yathā hi udake jātaṃ puṇḍarīkaṃ udake pavaḍḍhati nopalippati toyena, anupalepasabhāvattā, tatheva loke jāto buddho loke viharati, nopalippati lokena taṇhādiṭṭhimānalepābhāvatoti yojanā.
如莲花生于水中,水令其生长而不染著,因其不染著水之性质;彼如来亦于世间生起而不染着,故此谓『结』,即彼执著渴爱之污垢不染著也。
Ginīti aggi. Anāhāroti anindhano.
『火』是指火;『无食』则指不应责难、不受谴责之义。
Atthassāyaṃ viññāpanīti satthu guṇasaṅkhātassa upameyyatthassa viññāpanī, pakāsanī ayaṃ nāgūpamā. Viññūhīti satthu paṭividdhacatusaccadhammaṃ parijānantehi attānaṃ sandhāya vadati. Viññissantītiādi kāraṇavacanaṃ, yasmā nāgena mayā desitaṃ nāgaṃ tathāgatagandhahatthiṃ mahānāgā khīṇāsavā attano visaye ṭhatvā vijānissanti, tasmā aññesaṃ puthujjanānaṃ ñāpanatthaṃ ayaṃ upamā amhehi bhāsitāti adhippāyo.
为释义也,谓此为师赞扬之喻说、显示义理之说,不是秘密喻。谓智慧者,知晓师所说四圣谛真理者,以自觉为念而宣说,故曰『智慧者』。『知晓』等是作因缘表示,因为以我所说为如来、阿拉汉、正觉曾演说之龙象香象,立于自身境界如实知识,故谓也。此喻是为令他非出家人获知佛义,故本经以此为主旨。
Sarīraṃvijahaṃ nāgo, parinibbissatyanāsavoti bodhimūle saupādisesaparinibbānena anāsavo sammāsambuddhanāgo, idāni sarīraṃ attabhāvaṃ vijahanto khandhaparinibbānena parinibbāyissatīti.
身体堪称龙,必涅槃除尽烦恼;于觉悟树下,以少漏涅槃为功徳者,为无漏阿拉汉正觉龙;今则身体舍弃我执,依蕴滅尽涅槃入涅槃也。
Evaṃ cuddasahi upamāhi maṇḍetvā, soḷasahi gāthāhi, catusaṭṭhiyā pādehi satthu guṇe vaṇṇento anupādisesāya nibbānadhātuyā desanaṃ niṭṭhāpesi.
如此将十三篇的比喻归纳,十六篇颂歌,六十四脚韵,称颂世尊的功德,宣说无染污的涅槃境界,了结教法。
Udāyittheragāthāvaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā. · 伍答夷长老偈释毕。
Soḷasakanipātavaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā. · 十六集释毕。