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26. Brāhmaṇavaggo

381 段 · CSCD 巴利原典
26. Brāhmaṇavaggo二十六、婆罗门品
1. Pasādabahulabrāhmaṇavatthu一、多净信婆罗门事
Chindasotanti imaṃ dhammadesanaṃ satthā jetavane viharanto pasādabahulaṃ brāhmaṇaṃ ārabbha kathesi.
世尊住于耶达伐那,常以安详庄重之心对众多婆罗门讲说此法。
So kira brāhmaṇo bhagavato dhammadesanaṃ sutvā pasannacitto attano gehe soḷasamattānaṃ bhikkhūnaṃ niccabhattaṃ paṭṭhapetvā bhikkhūnaṃ āgatavelāya pattaṃ gahetvā ‘‘āgacchantu bhonto arahanto, nisīdantu bhonto arahanto’’ti yaṃkiñci vadanto arahantavādapaṭisaṃyuttameva vadati. Tesu puthujjanā ‘‘ayaṃ amhesu arahantasaññī’’ti cintayiṃsu, khīṇāsavā ‘‘ayaṃ no khīṇāsavabhāvaṃ jānātī’’ti. Evaṃ te sabbepi kukkuccāyantā tassa gehaṃ nāgamiṃsu. So dukkhī dummano ‘‘kinnu kho, ayyā, nāgacchantī’’ti vihāraṃ gantvā satthāraṃ vanditvā tamatthaṃ ārocesi. Satthā bhikkhū āmantetvā ‘‘kiṃ etaṃ, bhikkhave’’ti pucchitvā tehi tasmiṃ atthe ārocite ‘‘sādiyatha pana tumhe, bhikkhave, arahantavāda’’nti āha. ‘‘Na sādiyāma mayaṃ, bhante’’ti. ‘‘Evaṃ sante manussānaṃ etaṃ pasādabhaññaṃ, anāpatti , bhikkhave, pasādabhaññe, api ca kho pana brāhmaṇassa arahantesu adhimattaṃ pemaṃ, tasmā tumhehipi taṇhāsotaṃ chetvā arahattameva pattuṃ yutta’’nti vatvā dhammaṃ desento imaṃ gāthamāha –
一位婆罗门听闻世尊的法教,心生欢喜,回家时为家中十六位比库备办供养,及当比库来时接迎,持斋请言:‘来吧,比库们,阿拉汉们,坐下吧,阿拉汉们。’无论说何,皆出自与阿拉汉之言相应。普通人便因心生怀疑,想‘他是我们当中的阿拉汉吗?’已断滅之辈则想‘他自知我们已断灭法相。’如此皆生烦恼,不入其家。那婆罗门忧愁愠怒,想‘他们为何不来?’遂往寺院,礼敬导师,陈说意愿。导师召比库问曰:‘这为何事,比库们?’答曰:‘愿聆听,比库们,阿拉汉论说。’导师告之:‘我们虽不同意,但此为人常所乐闻、无过失,且婆罗门对阿拉汉生莫大爱敬。你等亦应断除此烦恼之流,得阿拉汉果位。’说法后颂曰——
§383
383.
三百八十三。
‘‘Chinda sotaṃ parakkamma, kāme panuda brāhmaṇa;
‘毅然断其烦恼流,婆罗门舍欲界;
Saṅkhārānaṃ khayaṃ ñatvā, akataññūsi brāhmaṇā’’ti.
了知五蕴灭尽,婆罗门称无所愿。’
Tattha parakkammāti taṇhāsotaṃ nāma na appamattakena vāyāmena chindituṃ sakkā, tasmā ñāṇasampayuttena mahantena parakkamena parakkamitvā taṃ sotaṃ chinda. Ubhopi kāme panuda nīhara. Brāhmaṇāti khīṇāsavānaṃ ālapanametaṃ. Saṅkhārānanti pañcannaṃ khandhānaṃ khayaṃ jānitvā. Akataññūti evaṃ sante tvaṃ suvaṇṇādīsu kenaci akatassa nibbānassa jānanato akataññū nāma hosīti.
其中‘毅然断流’者,即决意断除烦恼之流,而非随意勉强,乃由具足智解所成之大勇断流。‘舍欲’则指断除贪欲。‘婆罗门’者乃已断烦恼者之称呼。‘五蕴灭尽’即知五蕴灭已。‘不所愿’指如同不了知世间财宝者,不再生贪欲特称‘不所愿’。
Desanāvasāne bahū sotāpattiphalādīni pāpuṇiṃsūti.
说法结束时,众多比库皆得得流果等多种果报。
Pasādabahulabrāhmaṇavatthu paṭhamaṃ. · 多净信婆罗门事为第一。
2. Sambahulabhikkhuvatthu二、众多比库事
Yadādvayesūti imaṃ dhammadesanaṃ satthā jetavane viharanto sambahule bhikkhū ārabbha kathesi.
“二谛”者,世尊在结提婆林中,与众多比库同住时所始讲的此法说也。
Ekadivasañhi tiṃsamattā disāvāsikā bhikkhū āgantvā satthāraṃ vanditvā nisīdiṃsu. Sāriputtatthero tesaṃ arahattassa upanissayaṃ disvā satthāraṃ upasaṅkamitvā ṭhitakova imaṃ pañhaṃ pucchi – ‘‘bhante, dve dhammāti vuccanti, katame nu kho dve dhammā’’ti? Atha naṃ satthā ‘‘dve dhammāti kho, sāriputta, samathavipassanā vuccantī’’ti vatvā imaṃ gāthamāha –
一日,大约三十余名居住在多天之地的比库们来到世尊所,礼敬已毕坐下。长老沙利弗见其得阿拉汉果的依止,前往世尊所,站立状似问此问——「世尊,所谓二法者,为哪二法?」世尊答曰:「二法者,沙利弗,谓止与观。」随后称诵此偈曰:
§384
384.
三百八十四偈。
‘‘Yadā dvayesu dhammesu, pāragū hoti brāhmaṇo;
『当婆罗门善了二法时,
Athassa sabbe saṃyogā, atthaṃ gacchanti jānato’’ti.
他诸习结合,则自知达其义。』
Tattha yadāti yasmiṃ kāle dvidhā ṭhitesu samathavipassanādhammesu abhiññāpāragādivasena ayaṃ khīṇāsavo pāragū hoti, athassa vaṭṭasmiṃ saṃyojanasamatthā sabbe kāmayogādayo saṃyogā evaṃ jānantassa atthaṃ parikkhayaṃ gacchantīti attho.
此中谓,在于何时,二法中立,止与观之基,依此超越智慧等,此无垢者成就超越,彼时其业所缚之结皆能断尽。诸欲结等结,皆为结缚。彼明知此义者,谓是涤除而去。
Desanāvasāne sabbepi te bhikkhū arahatte patiṭṭhahiṃsūti.
说法结尾,所有比库皆立于阿拉汉果,无害于己与他。
Sambahulabhikkhuvatthu dutiyaṃ. · 众多比库事为第二。
3. Māravatthu三、魔事
Yassa pāranti imaṃ dhammadesanaṃ satthā jetavane viharanto māraṃ ārabbha kathesi.
曾者,世尊在祇树给孤独园讲法,有一人起身向魔诉说。
So kirekasmiṃ divase aññataro puriso viya hutvā satthāraṃ upasaṅkamitvā pucchi – ‘‘bhante , pāraṃ pāranti vuccati, kinnu kho etaṃ pāraṃ nāmā’’ti. Satthā ‘‘māro aya’’nti viditvā, ‘‘pāpima, kiṃ tava pārena, tañhi vītarāgehi pattabba’’nti vatvā imaṃ gāthamāha –
一日,有一人如是,至世尊前问曰:『尊者,所谓超越,何为超越?』世尊知其为魔,谓曰:『恶者,尔何所超越?应于彼处无爱境而住。』且称此偈曰:
§385
385.
三百八十五。
‘‘Yassa pāraṃ apāraṃ vā, pārāpāraṃ na vijjati;
『超越与不超越,彼岸实不存在;
Vītaddaraṃ visaṃyuttaṃ, tamahaṃ brūmi brāhmaṇa’’nti.
“除去缠缚、断除烦恼,我如是说,婆罗门。”
Tattha pāranti ajjhattikāni cha āyatanāni. Apāranti bāhirāni cha āyatanāni. Pārāpāranti tadubhayaṃ. Na vijjatīti yassa sabbampetaṃ ‘‘aha’’nti vā ‘‘mama’’nti vā gahaṇābhāvena natthi, taṃ kilesadarathānaṃ vigamena vītaddaraṃ sabbakilesehi visaṃyuttaṃ ahaṃ brāhmaṇaṃ vadāmīti attho.
其中有内在的六处境界,有外在的六处境界。这两者彼此间相互超越、无间断。倘若无所有一切由“我”或“我的”契合所执著的所有界限,则谓没有,正是由染污极盛的根除、断除之后,断除了烦恼、除尽一切污垢,我谓婆罗门者,是此义也。
Desanāvasāne bahū sotāpattiphalādīni pāpuṇiṃsūti.
说法结束时,诸多弟子得到了初果入流果等多种果报。
Māravatthu tatiyaṃ. · 魔事第三。
4. Aññatarabrāhmaṇavatthu4. 某婆罗门事
Jhāyinti imaṃ dhammadesanaṃ satthā jetavane viharanto aññataraṃ brāhmaṇaṃ ārabbha kathesi.
教法阐述时,在祇树给孤独园卫住的尊者,对某一婆罗门开始讲说此法。
So kira cintesi – ‘‘satthā attano sāvake, ‘brāhmaṇā’ti vadati, ahañcamhi jātigottena brāhmaṇo, mampi nu kho evaṃ vattuṃ vaṭṭatī’’ti. So satthāraṃ upasaṅkamitvā tamatthaṃ pucchi. Satthā ‘‘nāhaṃ jātigottamattena brāhmaṇaṃ vadāmi, uttamatthaṃ arahattaṃ anuppattameva panevaṃ vadāmī’’ti vatvā imaṃ gāthamāha –
彼婆罗门思惟:‘老师称自己的弟子为“婆罗门”,而我也出于种姓姓氏是婆罗门,这样的称呼对我可适用乎?’于是他前往近佛处询问。佛告之:“我并非凭种姓姓氏称谓婆罗门,唯彼高贵的阿拉汉果实成就者,我如此称之。”佛言辞后,诵此偈语说:
§386
386.
三百八十六。
‘‘Jhāyiṃ virajamāsīnaṃ, katakiccamanāsavaṃ;
『禅定者』者,纯净而安住者,无有烦恼者,
Uttamatthamanuppattaṃ, tamahaṃ brūmi brāhmaṇa’’nti.
至最高义未曾生起者,我今如是说,婆罗门!
Tattha jhāyinti duvidhena jhānena jhāyantaṃ kāmarajena virajaṃ vane ekakamāsīnaṃ catūhi maggehi soḷasannaṃ kiccānaṃ katattā katakiccaṃ āsavānaṃ abhāvena anāsavaṃ uttamatthaṃ arahattaṃ anuppattaṃ ahaṃ brāhmaṇaṃ vadāmīti attho.
此中『禅定』者谓二种:禅悦禅定除欲热而清净,单独安住于林中,依四圣道八正道分,行十六种功德,已作功德,诸烦恼无碍而无烦恼,至最高义即阿拉汉寂灭境界,我今称之为婆罗门,此义也。
Desanāvasāne so brāhmaṇo sotāpattiphale patiṭṭhahi, sampattānampi sātthikā dhammadesanā ahosīti.
法说终结时,此婆罗门已于须陀洹果稳固,以目前性质而说真实法教。
Aññatarabrāhmaṇavatthu catutthaṃ. · 某婆罗门事第四。
5. Ānandattheravatthu5. 阿难长老事
Divātapatīti imaṃ dhammadesanaṃ satthā migāramātupāsāde viharanto ānandattheraṃ ārabbha kathesi.
『日月暗灭时』者,此法说由世尊于鹿母林精舍中,起始对阿难长老说。
Pasenadi kosalo kira mahāpavāraṇāya sabbābharaṇapaṭimaṇḍito gandhamālādīni ādāya vihāraṃ agamāsi. Tasmiṃ khaṇe kāḷudāyitthero jhānaṃ samāpajjitvā parisapariyante nisinno hoti, nāmameva panassetaṃ, sarīraṃ suvaṇṇavaṇṇaṃ. Tasmiṃ pana khaṇe cando uggacchati, sūriyo atthameti. Ānandatthero atthamentassa ca sūriyassa uggacchantassa ca candassa obhāsaṃ olokento rañño sarīrobhāsaṃ therassa sarīrobhāsaṃ tathāgatassa ca sarīrobhāsaṃ olokesi. Tattha sabbobhāse atikkamitvā satthāva virocati. Thero satthāraṃ vanditvā, ‘‘bhante, ajja mama ime obhāse olokentassa tumhākameva obhāso ruccati. Tumhākañhi sarīraṃ sabbobhāse atikkamitvā virocatī’’ti āha. Atha naṃ satthā, ‘‘ānanda, sūriyo nāma divā virocati, cando rattiṃ, rājā alaṅkatakāleyeva, khīṇāsave gaṇasaṅgaṇikaṃ pahāya antosamāpattiyaṃyeva virocati, buddhā pana rattimpi divāpi pañcavidhena tejena virocantī’’ti vatvā imaṃ gāthamāha –
悉昙迦国王巴舍那帝于大安居时,佩服饰香花等,来至精舍。时,有一黑胆长老入禅定已,围坐而安,是名犹如此,身体金色。又其时日升而月没。阿难长老观其月灭日现之光辉,与王身、长老身、如来身光辉相视。诸光辉超越众光,世尊光辉自显耀。长老敬礼世尊曰:「尊者,今日我观看此光辉,唯尔光辉最妙。尔身光辉超诸众光而耀。」世尊告之:「阿难,太阳日间出现,月亮夜间现身,国王饰备时显现,断尽染污已达内寂自现,如来则昼夜显五种光明。」说此偈曰——
§387
387.
三百八十七。
‘‘Divā tapati ādicco, rattimābhāti candimā;
『白昼如火炽热,夜晚如月光明;
Sannaddho khattiyo tapati, jhāyī tapati brāhmaṇo;
披挂铠甲的战士炽热,修习禅定的婆罗门亦炽热;
Atha sabbamahorattiṃ, buddho tapati tejasā’’ti.
而于全天昼夜中,如来以光辉燃烧。』
Tattha divā tapatīti divā virocati, rattiṃ panassa gatamaggopi na paññāyati. Candimāti candopi abbhādīhi vimutto rattimeva virocati, no divā. Sannaddhoti suvaṇṇamaṇivicittehi sabbābharaṇehi paṭimaṇḍito caturaṅginiyā senāya parikkhittova rājā virocati, na aññātakavesena ṭhito. Jhāyīti khīṇāsavo pana gaṇaṃ vinodetvā jhāyantova virocati. Tejasāti sammāsambuddho pana sīlatejena dussīlyatejaṃ, guṇatejena nigguṇatejaṃ, paññātejena duppaññatejaṃ, puññatejena apuññatejaṃ, dhammatejena adhammatejaṃ pariyādiyitvā iminā pañcavidhena tejasā niccakālameva virocatīti attho.
此中,白昼炽热者,谓白昼发光;对于夜晚,则行踪虽存在,然不被知晓。所谓月亮者,月光释放光明于无云之夜,仅于夜间照耀,非白昼。披挂者,譬如身著金银宝石装饰、配备战车四具战象之军队,君主光耀,非处于陌生装束。修习禅定者,意指断尽染污而心神安乐,故其如同禅定时光辉显现。光辉,指正觉者以持戒所生之威仪,不纯之威仪,智慧圆满与不圆满威仪,善与不善威仪,法与非法之威仪,俱被此五种光辉维持恒时闪现之意。
Desanāvasāne bahū sotāpattiphalādīni pāpuṇiṃsūti.
此处说法结束时,佛陀曾授多种得初果等圣果者。
Ānandattheravatthu pañcamaṃ. · 阿难长老事第五。
6. Aññatarabrāhmaṇapabbajitavatthu6. 某婆罗门出家者事
Bāhitapāpoti imaṃ dhammadesanaṃ satthā jetavane viharanto aññataraṃ brāhmaṇapabbajitaṃ ārabbha kathesi.
外道恶徒者,指的是那一法的宣说者世尊在祗树给孤独园住持时,有一婆罗门出家人起初便开始讲说的。
Eko kira brāhmaṇo bāhirakapabbajjāya pabbajitvā ‘‘samaṇo gotamo attano sāvake ‘pabbajitā’ti vadati, ahañcamhi pabbajito, mampi kho evaṃ vattuṃ vaṭṭatī’’ti cintetvā satthāraṃ upasaṅkamitvā etamatthaṃ pucchi. Satthā ‘‘nāhaṃ ettakena ‘pabbajito’ti vadāmi, kilesamalānaṃ pana pabbājitattā pabbajito nāma hotī’’ti vatvā imaṃ gāthamāha –
曾有一个婆罗门,因外道之出家法而出家,他思惟道:『出家者萨摩努·果德玛的弟子称自己“已出家”,我亦已出家,论说亦当如此。』于是前往世尊处问此义。世尊答言:『我不称自己“已出家”,唯有染污之除故,谓之出家者。』继而说此偈——
§388
388.
(此处为偈文编号)
‘‘Bāhitapāpoti brāhmaṇo, samacariyā samaṇoti vuccati;
“外道恶徒者婆罗门,正行一致称为沙门;
Pabbājayamattano malaṃ, tasmā pabbajitoti vuccatī’’ti.
自净其染污故,故称为已出家者。”
Tattha samacariyāti sabbākusalāni sametvā caraṇena. Tasmāti yasmā bāhitapāpatāya brāhmaṇo, akusalāni sametvā caraṇena samaṇoti vuccati, tasmā yo attano rāgādimalaṃ pabbājayanto vinodento carati, sopi tena pabbājanena pabbajitoti vuccatīti attho.
其中“正行一致”者,是指集诸一切善法而以行持。故此因外道恶徒者,集诸不善而行持者,方称为沙门。故凡驱除自身贪执等污垢而修行者,即因其出家,名为已出家者。
Desanāvasāne so brāhmaṇapabbajito sotāpattiphale patiṭṭhahi, sampattānampi sātthikā dhammadesanā ahosīti.
教诲结束时,那位婆罗门出家者已具足了初果圣者的确立,也得到了真实有效的法教诲。
Aññatarabrāhmaṇapabbajitavatthu chaṭṭhaṃ. · 某婆罗门出家者事,第六。
7. Sāriputtattheravatthu7. 沙利子长老事
Nabrāhmaṇassāti imaṃ dhammadesanaṃ satthā jetavane viharanto sāriputtattheraṃ ārabbha kathesi.
所谓“非婆罗门”者,是指此法教诲由世尊在耆阇崛园传授,尤其是对长老沙利子开示。
Ekasmiṃ kira ṭhāne sambahulā manussā ‘‘aho amhākaṃ , ayyo, khantibalena samannāgato, aññesu akkosantesu vā paharantesu vā kopamattampi natthī’’ti therassa guṇe kathayiṃsu. Atheko micchādiṭṭhiko brāhmaṇo ‘‘ko esa na kujjhatī’’ti pucchi. ‘‘Amhākaṃ thero’’ti. ‘‘Naṃ kujjhāpento na bhavissatī’’ti? ‘‘Natthetaṃ, brāhmaṇā’’ti. ‘‘Tena hi ahaṃ naṃ kujjhāpessāmī’’ti? ‘‘Sace sakkosi, kujjhāpehī’’ti. So ‘‘hotu, jānissāmissa kattabba’’nti theraṃ bhikkhāya paviṭṭhaṃ disvā pacchābhāgena gantvā piṭṭhimajjhe mahantaṃ pāṇippahāramadāsi. Thero ‘‘kiṃ nāmeta’’nti anoloketvāva gato. Brāhmaṇassa sakalasarīre ḍāho uppajji. So ‘‘aho guṇasampanno, ayyo’’ti therassa pādamūle nipajjitvā ‘‘khamatha me, bhante’’ti vatvā ‘‘kiṃ eta’’nti ca vutte ‘‘ahaṃ vīmaṃsanatthāya tumhe pahari’’nti āha. ‘‘Hotu khamāmi te’’ti. ‘‘Sace me, bhante, khamatha, mama geheyeva nisīditvā bhikkhaṃ gaṇhathā’’ti therassa pattaṃ gaṇhi, theropi pattaṃ adāsi. Brāhmaṇo theraṃ gehaṃ netvā parivisi.
一时,在某处众多大众说:‘啊,我们这位长老,具有坚忍的力量,对于他人的责骂、攻击、甚至愤怒毫无动摇。’当时一位邪见婆罗门问道:‘这人谁不生气?’众人答道:‘是我们的长老。’他又问:‘他真的不会生气吗?’众答:‘不是的,婆罗门。’他说:‘那么我必定激怒他。’众答:‘你若做得到,就去试试吧。’他于是迈向为比库的长老,转身离去,在肚腹之中施以重拳。长老问:‘这是什么?’一转身就过去了。婆罗门身现全身热痛燃烧,说:‘啊,贤德者,长老!’他跪在长老足下说:‘请大德宽恕我。’长老问:‘此为何事?’他答:‘我是为试验你,特地击打你。’长老言:‘愿宽恕你。’婆罗门又说:‘若大德许可,我愿坐在家中供养比库。’长老接受了供养布施,也将供养布施还给他。婆罗门护送长老回家。
Manussā kujjhitvā ‘‘iminā amhākaṃ niraparādho ayyo pahaṭo, daṇḍenapissa mokkho natthi, ettheva naṃ māressāmā’’ti leḍḍudaṇḍādihatthā brāhmaṇassa gehadvāre aṭṭhaṃsu. Thero uṭṭhāya gacchanto brāhmaṇassa hatthe pattaṃ adāsi. Manussā taṃ therena saddhiṃ gacchantaṃ disvā, ‘‘bhante, tumhākaṃ pattaṃ gahetvā brāhmaṇaṃ nivattethā’’ti āhaṃsu. Kiṃ etaṃ upāsakāti? Brāhmaṇena tumhe pahaṭā, mayamassa kattabbaṃ jānissāmāti. Kiṃ pana tumhe iminā pahaṭā, udāhu ahanti? Tumhe, bhanteti. ‘‘Maṃ esa paharitvā khamāpesi, gacchatha tumhe’’ti manusse uyyojetvā brāhmaṇaṃ nivattāpetvā thero vihārameva gato. Bhikkhū ujjhāyiṃsu ‘‘kiṃ nāmetaṃ sāriputtatthero yena brāhmaṇena pahaṭo, tasseva gehe nisīditvā bhikkhaṃ gahetvā āgato. Therassa pahaṭakālato paṭṭhāya idāni so kassa lajjissati, avasese pothento vicarissatī’’ti. Satthā āgantvā ‘‘kāya nuttha, bhikkhave, etarahi kathāya sannisinnā’’ti pucchitvā ‘‘imāya nāmā’’ti vutte, ‘‘bhikkhave, brāhmaṇo brāhmaṇaṃ paharanto nāma natthi, gihibrāhmaṇena pana samaṇabrāhmaṇo pahaṭo bhavissati, kodho nāmesa anāgāmimaggena samugghātaṃ gacchatī’’ti vatvā dhammaṃ desento imā gāthā abhāsi –
人们大怒,对那婆罗门说:‘这是我们无辜之人啊贤者!谁能惩罚他呢?我们就地杀他吧!’于是众人执大棒,围困婆罗门家门。长老起身行去,将供养布施交还婆罗门。人们见长老与之同行,说:‘大德,既带了你的供养,就快送这婆罗门回去吧!’他们问:“这叫什么居士?”含意是:“我们对婆罗门很严厉,但对此处你知道该如何行事。”长老答:“不要击打我,若我伤害你们,快走吧!”众人惊惶,将婆罗门送回,长老便进入静处。比库们议论说:“这长老沙利子带着被击打的婆罗门去他家中供养,待他起来时,将羞愧谁呢?他将如何在开经讲法时持守?“世尊来临,问道:“比库们,现在这里你们聚集议论什么?”有人答:“是此事。”世尊言:“比库们,婆罗门间彼此攻击无有,唯有家居婆罗门与出家婆罗门才会生恼,愤怒有如逆流而上的病苦,其名为忿怒。”随后世尊以法句加以说法——
§389
389.
三百八十九。
‘‘Na brāhmaṇassa pahareyya, nāssa muñcetha brāhmaṇo;
“不应击打婆罗门,亦不可放纵婆罗门;
Dhī brāhmaṇassa hantāraṃ, tato dhī yassa muñcati.
智慧即是婆罗门的守护者,智慧即是那个放弃杀害者的保护。
§390
390.
三百九十。
‘‘Na brāhmaṇassetadakiñci seyyo, yadā nisedho manaso piyehi;
“婆罗门无有比此更为善美者,当心不违逆所喜爱者;
Yato yato hiṃsamano nivattati, tato tato sammatimeva dukkha’’nti.
乃至暴力之人若能回转归止,彼处即是苦之正当。”
Tattha pahareyyāti ‘‘khīṇāsavabrāhmaṇohamasmī’’ti jānanto khīṇāsavassa vā aññatarassa vā jātibrāhmaṇassa na pahareyya. Nāssa muñcethāti sopi pahaṭo khīṇāsavabrāhmaṇo assa paharitvā ṭhitassa veraṃ na muñcetha, tasmiṃ kopaṃ na kareyyāti attho. Dhī brāhmaṇassāti khīṇāsavabrāhmaṇassa hantāraṃ garahāmi. Tato dhīti yo pana taṃ paharantaṃ paṭipaharanto tassa upari veraṃ muñcati, taṃ tatopi garahāmiyeva.
此处“当打击”者,指“我为断烦恼婆罗门”的自觉者,知晓断烦恼者或某一婆罗门种姓者不应被打击。亦即,他应无所提舍,即便被打击仍当无恨,彼时不应生嗔恨意。智慧即谓我轻蔑断烦恼婆罗门的杀害者;反之,智慧又是对那加害者生嗔恨者,我亦轻蔑其人。
Etadakiñci seyyoti yaṃ khīṇāsavassa akkosantaṃ vā apaccakkosanaṃ, paharantaṃ vā appaṭipaharaṇaṃ, etaṃ tassa khīṇāsavabrāhmaṇassa na kiñci seyyo, appamattakaṃ seyyo na hoti, adhimattameva seyyoti attho. Yadā nisedho manaso piyehīti kodhanassa hi kodhuppādova manaso piyo nāma. Kodho hi panesa mātāpitūsupi buddhādīsupi aparajjhati. Tasmā yo assa tehi manaso nisedho kodhavasena uppajjamānassa cittassa niggaho, etaṃ na kiñci seyyoti attho. Hiṃsamanoti kodhamano. So tassa yato yato vatthuto anāgāmimaggena samugghātaṃ gacchanto nivattati . Tato tatoti tato tato vatthuto sakalampi vaṭṭadukkhaṃ nivattatiyevāti attho.
此所谓无有比此更善者,是指对那个断烦恼者发怒或轻怒,或打击而无反击者,对彼断烦恼婆罗门无有任何良善,非适度良善,而是过度恶劣。言“不违逆所喜爱者”,意即愤怒即心所喜,不可违逆。愤怒者心为所恶;愤怒乃至于父母及如来等亦不可容忍。故对其心存违逆愤怒,正如对心生愤怒般无有善益。言“暴力者”,谓愤怒者。愤怒者若就所破坏的众生路径中转回,则一一皆除除诸苦楚,即此义也。
Desanāvasāne bahū sotāpattiphalādīni pāpuṇiṃsūti.
在说法结束时,众多比库们获得了初果以上诸多果位。
Sāriputtattheravatthu sattamaṃ. · 沙利子长老事,第七。
8. Mahāpajāpatigotamīvatthu8. 玛哈巴嘉巴娣果德弥事
Yassa kāyena vācāyāti imaṃ dhammadesanaṃ satthā jetavane viharanto mahāpajāpatiṃ gotamiṃ ārabbha kathesi.
用身体和语言者,指的是当时在竹林精舍住持的世尊对大摩耶比库尼果德弥起首说法。
Bhagavatā hi anuppanne vatthusmiṃ paññatte aṭṭha garudhamme maṇḍanakajātiyo puriso surabhipupphadāmaṃ viya sirasā sampaṭicchitvā saparivārā mahāpajāpati gotamī upasampadaṃ labhi, añño tassā upajjhāyo vā ācariyo vā natthi. Evaṃ laddhūpasampadaṃ theriṃ ārabbha aparena samayena kathaṃ samuṭṭhāpesuṃ ‘‘mahāpajāpatiyā gotamiyā ācariyupajjhāyā na paññāyanti, sahattheneva kāsāyāni gaṇhī’’ti. Evañca pana vatvā bhikkhuniyo kukkuccāyantiyo tāya saddhiṃ neva uposathaṃ na pavāraṇaṃ karonti, tā gantvā tathāgatassapi tamatthaṃ ārocesuṃ. Satthā tāsaṃ kathaṃ sutvā ‘‘mayā mahāpajāpatiyā gotamiyā aṭṭha garudhammā dinnā, ahamevassācariyo, ahameva upajjhāyo. Kāyaduccaritādivirahitesu khīṇāsavesu kukkuccaṃ nāma na kātabba’’nti vatvā dhammaṃ desento imaṃ gāthamāha –
世尊确实在此事中以所知悉的八种严厉规矩(八种如鹰的教导)摄受这位如香花园中鲜花般的男子头颅似的佛陀弟子大摩耶比库尼受具戒,且无他师父监督。这般受具戒的长老时期,后来又有人起疑,说『大摩耶比库尼果德弥为师监督及师父不明,有人当天直接拿取袈裟。』如此说法之后,比库尼们便生嗔恨心,彼此同住时既不修持守斋日,也不作开示,于是便去向如来告状。世尊闻而告说:『我已赐大摩耶比库尼八种严规教诫,我即是她的导师,我即是她的师监督。对弃恶行为等已灭欲爱烦恼者,不应生嗔恨之心』。如是说后,世尊开示说以下偈颂——
§391
391.
三百九十一。
‘‘Yassa kāyena vācāya, manasā natthi dukkaṭaṃ;
『身口意诸处无恶意,
Saṃvutaṃ tīhi ṭhānehi, tamahaṃ brūmi brāhmaṇa’’nti.
三处受束缚,彼我谓婆罗门』。
Tattha dukkaṭanti sāvajjaṃ dukkhudrayaṃ apāyasaṃvattanikaṃ kammaṃ. Tīhi ṭhānehīti etehi kāyādīhi tīhi kāraṇehi kāyaduccaritādipavesanivāraṇatthāya dvāraṃ pihitaṃ, taṃ ahaṃ brāhmaṇaṃ vadāmīti attho.
所谓恶业,是指带有耻辱的恶行,通向苦难与堕落。因其产生恶果而使身心受苦。这些恶业发生于身、语、意三门;因身业等三因,故须防止身行不善诸恶,以避免堕入恶道,故此恶行之门应当关闭,这就是我称之为婆罗门的义意。
Desanāvasāne bahū sotāpattiphalādīni pāpuṇiṃsūti.
说法结束后,多数人便获得了初果等圣果。
Mahāpajāpatigotamīvatthu aṭṭhamaṃ. · 玛哈巴嘉巴娣果德弥事,第八。
9. Sāriputtattheravatthu9. 沙利子长老事
Yamhāti imaṃ dhammadesanaṃ satthā jetavane viharanto sāriputtattheraṃ ārabbha kathesi.
如此者,谓当时世尊住于耶达伽那林时,开始对沙利多长老说此法。
So kirāyasmā assajittherassa santike dhammaṃ sutvā sotāpattiphalaṃ pattakālato paṭṭhāya ‘‘yassaṃ disāyaṃ thero vasatī’’ti suṇāti, tato añjaliṃ paggayha tatova sīsaṃ katvā nipajjati. Bhikkhū ‘‘micchādiṭṭhiko sāriputto, ajjāpi disā namassamāno vicaratī’’ti tamatthaṃ tathāgatassa ārocesuṃ. Satthā theraṃ pakkosāpetvā ‘‘saccaṃ kira tvaṃ, sāriputta, disā namassanto vicarasī’’ti pucchitvā , ‘‘bhante, mama disā namassanabhāvaṃ vā anamassanabhāvaṃ vā tumheva jānāthā’’ti vutte ‘‘na, bhikkhave, sāriputto disā namassati, assajittherassa pana santikā dhammaṃ sutvā sotāpattiphalaṃ pattatāya attano ācariyaṃ namassati. Yañhi ācariyaṃ nissāya bhikkhu dhammaṃ vijānāti, tena so brāhmaṇena aggi viya sakkaccaṃ namassitabboyevā’’ti vatvā dhammaṃ desento imaṃ gāthamāha –
这是说,某日,于长老阿萨吉面前听闻法,立时证得初果,发现‘长老住于此方’,于是合掌作礼,当即低头而伏。比库们说:“有邪见者沙利多,今日还在向方域礼拜游行。”众人向如来如此告状。世尊召见沙利多长老,问曰:“沙利多,尔确实行礼于方域乎?”回答曰:“世尊啊,关于我行礼与否,众师自知。”世尊说:“不也,比库!沙利多并非行礼于方域,而是因为听闻阿萨吉长老证得初果,乃向己师长行礼。比库依此理解,应恭敬礼拜婆罗门,如同敬火一般。”说罢而宣说此偈-
§392
392.
三百九十二。
‘‘Yamhā dhammaṃ vijāneyya, sammāsambuddhadesitaṃ;
‘凡能通达此法,正觉所宣说者;
Sakkaccaṃ taṃ namasseyya, aggihuttaṃva brāhmaṇo’’ti.
“应当恭敬地礼拜他,如同婆罗门恭敬点燃圣火一样。”
Tattha aggihuttaṃvāti yathā brāhmaṇo aggihuttaṃ sammā paricaraṇena ceva añjalikammādīhi ca sakkaccaṃ namassati, evaṃ yamhā ācariyā tathāgatapaveditaṃ dhammaṃ vijāneyya, taṃ sakkaccaṃ namasseyyāti attho.
此中“如同点燃圣火”意指婆罗门恭敬奉事圣火,持正信、合掌礼敬等方法,恭敬致意。同理,修习者若领悟导师所宣说如来所示现的法,应当依此诚敬礼拜,这即是其义。
Desanāvasāne bahū sotāpattiphalādīni pāpuṇiṃsūti.
““在说法结束时,众多修习者即获得初果等果位。”
Sāriputtattheravatthu navamaṃ. · 沙利子长老事第九。
10. Jaṭilabrāhmaṇavatthu10. 结发婆罗门事
Na jaṭāhīti imaṃ dhammadesanaṃ satthā jetavane viharanto ekaṃ jaṭilabrāhmaṇaṃ ārabbha kathesi.
所谓“不是婆罗门”,此处记述一则故事:佛陀在祇树给孤独园讲法时,曾针对一位顽固婆罗门开始开示。
So kira ‘‘ahaṃ mātito ca pitito ca sujāto brāhmaṇakule nibbatto. Sace samaṇo gotamo attano sāvake brāhmaṇāti vadati, mampi nu kho tathā vattuṃ vaṭṭatī’’ti satthu santikaṃ gantvā tamatthaṃ pucchi. Atha naṃ satthā ‘‘nāhaṃ, brāhmaṇa, jaṭāmattena, na jātigottamattena brāhmaṇaṃ vadāmi, paṭividdhasaccameva panāhaṃ brāhmaṇoti vadāmī’’ti vatvā dhammaṃ desento imaṃ gāthamāha –
此婆罗门自言:“我是母亲和父亲所出,生于婆罗门族群。如果比库果德玛称其弟子为婆罗门,我是否也应如此被称呼呢?”于是他到佛陀面前请教此事。佛陀答曰:“婆罗门啊,我不会因出生家族或族姓而称一人为婆罗门,唯有其真理的反证置信,故我称其为婆罗门。”讲法时作此偈言——
§393
393.
三百九十三。
‘‘Na jaṭāhi na gottena, na jaccā hoti brāhmaṇo;
『不因父母之生,不因家族之出身,不因出生之缘故,婆罗门亦不成就,』
Yamhi saccañca dhammo ca, so sucī so ca brāhmaṇo’’ti.
『惟有于真理与法俱具者,彼清净,彼即婆罗门』是也。
Tattha saccanti yasmiṃ puggale cattāri saccāni soḷasahākārehi paṭivijjhitvā ṭhitaṃ saccañāṇañceva navavidho ca lokuttaradhammo atthi, so suci, so brāhmaṇo cāti attho.
此中『真理』者,当于人中,证知四圣谛及十六因缘,识破八支圣道,具足奇异九法之超世功德者,是为清净,亦是婆罗门之义。
Desanāvasāne bahū sotāpattiphalādīni pāpuṇiṃsūti.
于说法之终,多有获得初果入流果等胜利之实例是也。
Jaṭilabrāhmaṇavatthu dasamaṃ. · 结发婆罗门事第十。
11. Kuhakabrāhmaṇavatthu11. 诈欺婆罗门事
Kiṃ teti imaṃ dhammadesanaṃ satthā kūṭāgārasālāyaṃ viharanto ekaṃ vaggulivataṃ kuhakabrāhmaṇaṃ ārabbha kathesi.
云何?彼时世尊住于竹屋之堂,起一伪婆罗门之说,曰:
So kira vesālinagaradvāre ekaṃ kakudharukkhaṃ āruyha dvīhi pādehi rukkhasākhaṃ gaṇhitvā adhosiro olambanto ‘‘kapilānaṃ me sataṃ detha, kahāpaṇe detha, paricārikaṃ detha, no ce dassatha, ito patitvā maranto nagaraṃ anagaraṃ karissāmī’’ti vadati. Tathāgatassa bhikkhusaṅghaparivutassa nagaraṃ pavisanakāle bhikkhū taṃ brāhmaṇaṃ disvā nikkhamanakālepi naṃ tatheva olambantaṃ passiṃsu. Nāgarāpi ‘‘ayaṃ pātova paṭṭhāya evaṃ olambanto patitvā maranto nagaraṃ anagaraṃ kareyyā’’ti cintetvā nagaravināsabhītā ‘‘yaṃ so yācati, sabbaṃ demā’’ti paṭissuṇitvā adaṃsu. So otaritvā sabbaṃ gahetvā agamāsi. Bhikkhū vihārūpacāre taṃ gāviṃ viya viravitvā gacchantaṃ disvā sañjānitvā ‘‘laddhaṃ te , brāhmaṇa, yathāpatthita’’nti pucchitvā ‘‘āma, laddhaṃ me’’ti sutvā antovihāraṃ gantvā tathāgatassa tamatthaṃ ārocesuṃ. Satthā ‘‘na, bhikkhave, idāneva so kuhakacoro, pubbepi kuhakacoroyeva ahosi. Idāni panesa bālajanaṃ vañceti, tadā pana paṇḍite vañcetuṃ nāsakkhī’’ti vatvā tehi yācito atītamāhari.
彼伪婆罗门登维萨利城门之柯枯树,双足悬挂,执树枝首下垂,言『请赐我百钱、十钱、侍者;若不见赐,必自坠死,将城变为荒城』时。世尊比库僧众入城,见其状,出城时仍见其悬挂不变。城民亦思『其必自倾坠,恐城生灾,随其所求,悉以赐之』遂以悉物奉与。彼公从树下而下,悉取所求而去。比库见彼如离群牛般游走,知之而问曰『婆罗门,得所求乎?』答曰『得之』遂入聚落,向世尊具述此事。世尊言『诸比库!此今乃伪婆罗盗,昔亦为伪盗,今乃欺骗无知童子;然昔日智慧者不能被其欺』而接受他人所求,前事遂得回顾。
Atīte ekaṃ kāsikagāmaṃ nissāya eko kuhakatāpaso vāsaṃ kappesi. Taṃ ekaṃ kulaṃ paṭijaggi. Divā uppannakhādanīyabhojanīyato attano puttānaṃ viya tassapi ekaṃ koṭṭhāsaṃ deti, sāyaṃ uppannakoṭṭhāsaṃ ṭhapetvā dutiyadivase deti. Athekadivasaṃ sāyaṃ godhamaṃsaṃ labhitvā sādhukaṃ pacitvā tato koṭṭhāsaṃ ṭhapetvā dutiyadivase tassa adaṃsu. Tāpaso maṃsaṃ khāditvāva rasataṇhāya baddho ‘‘kiṃ maṃsaṃ nāmeta’’nti pucchitvā ‘‘godhamaṃsa’’nti sutvā bhikkhāya caritvā sappidadhikaṭukabhaṇḍādīni gahetvā paṇṇasālaṃ gantvā ekamantaṃ ṭhapesi. Paṇṇasālāya pana avidūre ekasmiṃ vammike godharājā viharati. So kālena kālaṃ tāpasaṃ vandituṃ āgacchati. Taṃdivasaṃ panesa ‘‘taṃ vadhissāmī’’ti daṇḍaṃ paṭicchādetvā tassa vammikassa avidūre ṭhāne niddāyanto viya nisīdi. Godharājā vammikato nikkhamitvā tassa santikaṃ āgacchantova ākāraṃ sallakkhetvā ‘‘na me ajja ācariyassa ākāro ruccatī’’ti tatova nivatti. Tāpaso tassa nivattanabhāvaṃ ñatvā tassa māraṇatthāya daṇḍaṃ khipi, daṇḍo virajjhitvā gato. Godharājāpi dhammikaṃ pavisitvā tato sīsaṃ nīharitvā āgatamaggaṃ olokento tāpasaṃ āha –
从前,有一个人在城郊一个村庄依止,作为苦行修行者住着。他俯身投契于某一家族。白天他因起食难得的食物,像养育自己儿子那样,白天给予对方一箱食物,晚上放置第二箱,第二天再给予。某日傍晚他得到了小麦肉,善加烹调后,放好一箱,第二天交还给那家族。苦行者食用了肉之后,因味渴受束缚,便问:‘这是什么肉?’听闻是‘小麦肉’,就行乞收集各种新鲜蔬菜苦味菜等,前往一处瓦舍独自安置。瓦舍附近不远有一只蚂蚁王栖居。时光流逝,这尊蚂蚁王来朝拜苦行者。那年,某人举剑欲行刑,便在蚂蚁王不远处坐卧如睡眠。蚂蚁王出门欲前往苦行者处,将形相表示说:‘我今日不喜师长形象。’于是退回。苦行者了解他的回避意图,为了杀生,他投掷木杖,木杖折断后离去。蚂蚁王也进入佛法后,低头察看归来道路,对苦行者说——
‘‘Samaṇaṃ taṃ maññamāno, upagacchimasaññataṃ;
‘以为你为沙门,特地来接近我。’
So maṃ daṇḍena pāhāsi, yathā asamaṇo tathā.
‘你用杖击我,如同不值一沙门的贱人一般。’
‘‘Kiṃ te jaṭāhi dummedha, kiṃ te ajinasāṭiyā;
‘你的头发为何如此愚昧?你为何一味愚癡无知?’
Abbhantaraṃ te gahanaṃ, bāhiraṃ parimajjasī’’ti. (jā. 1.4.97-98);
‘你内心深邃难测,外表却杂乱无章。’(《故事集》1.4.97-98)
Atha naṃ tāpaso attano santakena palobhetuṃ evamāha –
于是苦行者因贪恋自身生命,说道——
‘‘Ehi godha nivattassu, bhuñja sālīnamodanaṃ;
“来吧,蜥蜴们,回来吧,享用稻谷的喜悦;
Telaṃ loṇañca me atthi, pahūtaṃ mayha pipphalī’’ti. (jā. 1.4.99);
我这里有油和盐,还有大量的胡椒。”(《本生经》1.4.99)
Taṃ sutvā godharājā ‘‘yathā yathā tvaṃ kathesi, tathā tathā me palāyitukāmatāva hotī’’ti vatvā imaṃ gāthamāha –
听闻此语,蜥蜴王说:“无论你如何述说,我心中的逃避之意便生起。”于是他说出此偈:
‘‘Esa bhiyyo pavekkhāmi, vammikaṃ sataporisaṃ;
“我反复观看那小小的蚯蚓,如同庙宇中的神圣之物;
Telaṃ loṇañca kittesi, ahitaṃ mayha pipphalī’’ti. (jā. 1.4.100);
你涂抹油和盐,给我带来无益的胡椒。”(《本生经》1.4.100)
Evañca pana vatvā ‘‘ahaṃ ettakaṃ kālaṃ tayi samaṇasaññaṃ akāsiṃ, idāni pana te maṃ paharitukāmatāya daṇḍo khitto, tassa khittakāleyeva asamaṇo jāto. Kiṃ tādisassa duppaññassa puggalassa jaṭāhi, kiṃ sakhurena ajinacammena. Abbhantarañhi te gahanaṃ, kevalaṃ bāhirameva parimajjasī’’ti āha. Satthā imaṃ atītaṃ āharitvā ‘‘tadā esa kuhako tāpaso ahosi, godharājā pana ahamevā’’ti vatvā jātakaṃ samodhānetvā tadā godhapaṇḍitena tassa niggahitakāraṇaṃ dassento imaṃ gāthamāha –
又如此说:“我曾荡涤这等长时间的游方出家人之相,而现在为了惩罚你,兵器已起,杀意明显,在兵戎交加之时,恶出家人就此诞生。何故,愚昧之人头上生疮,或因内心混淆,甚至由亲人作非义之事?你内心忧郁深重,却外表独自闲逸。”导师了知此往事说:“彼时那个苦行者是伪君子,而吾当时即是蜥蜴王。”于是依据智者蜥蜴王的揭示,揭示其被束缚之因,开示此本生偈:
§394
394.
三百九十四。
‘‘Kiṃ te jaṭāhi dummedha, kiṃ te ajinasāṭiyā;
『你为何头发蓬乱无知愚昧?你为何满口谤毁他人?
Abbhantaraṃ te gahanaṃ, bāhiraṃ parimajjasī’’ti. (jā. 1.4.98);
你内心幽深难测,外表却颓败邋遢』。(《羯磨经》1章4节98)
Tattha kiṃ te jaṭāhīti ambho duppañña tava baddhāhipi imāhi jaṭāhi sakhurāya nivatthāyapi imāya ajinacammasāṭikāya ca kimatthoti. Abbhantaranti abbhantarañhi te rāgādikilesagahanaṃ, kevalaṃ hatthilaṇḍaṃ assalaṇḍaṃ viya maṭṭhaṃ bāhiraṃ parimajjasīti attho.
此处所谓头发蓬乱者,像水流混浊不清,犹如愚昧者心中的烦恼束缚一般;亦如干枯的树枝枯败无生机,外表骯脏腐烂污秽。所谓内心幽深者,是指你内心因贪欲等烦恼如浓密荆棘般深重而复杂;而外表邋遢则如枯死腐烂的木杈树枝,仅剩骨架空壳无生机。
Desanāvasāne bahū sotāpattiphalādīni pāpuṇiṃsūti.
教导结束时,说道众多已得须陀洹果等圣果者出席聆听。
Kuhakabrāhmaṇavatthu ekādasamaṃ. · 诈欺婆罗门事第十一。
12. Kisāgotamīvatthu12. 吉萨果德弥事
Paṃsukūladharanti imaṃ dhammadesanaṃ satthā gijjhakūṭe pabbate viharanto kisāgotamiṃ ārabbha kathesi.
披着尘堆衣的老师,正住于吉甲库提山,开始向祇树给孤独园的吉萨哥多米讲说此法。
Tadā kira sakko paṭhamayāmāvasāne devaparisāya saddhiṃ satthāraṃ upasaṅkamitvā vanditvā ekamante sāraṇīyadhammakathaṃ suṇanto nisīdi. Tasmiṃ khaṇe kisāgotamī ‘‘satthāraṃ passissāmī’’ti ākāsenāgantvā sakkaṃ disvā nivatti. So taṃ vanditvā nivattantiṃ disvā satthāraṃ pucchi – ‘‘kā nāmesā , bhante, āgacchamānāva tumhe disvā nivattatī’’ti? Satthā ‘‘kisāgotamī nāmesā, mahārāja, mama dhītā paṃsukūlikattherīnaṃ aggā’’ti vatvā imaṃ gāthamāha –
彼时,萨咖天帝于第一月圆之夜,偕众天人聚集,向世尊顶礼,然后在一旁听闻具足胜法的弘说而坐。就在那时,名为果德弥之女性沙玛内拉比库尼 Kisāgotamī 从空中降临,见到天帝便返回。天帝向她顶礼后,见她回转,便问世尊:『尊者,请问这位是谁,因何见之就回转?』世尊答曰:『这位名为 Kisāgotamī,是我女儿,尘堆持者长老之首领。』于是,经文引颂一句:
§395
395.
三百九十五。
‘‘Paṃsukūladharaṃ jantuṃ, kisaṃ dhamanisanthataṃ;
『持尘堆者形相畜生者,谁故沉着忍耐行;独处林中禅修者,我今称赞此婆罗门。』
Ekaṃ vanasmiṃ jhāyantaṃ, tamahaṃ brūmi brāhmaṇa’’nti.
某人在森林中修习禅定,我于是说:『婆罗门啊。』
Tattha kisanti paṃsukūlikā hi attano anurūpaṃ paṭipadaṃ pūrentā appamaṃsalohitā ceva honti dhamanisanthatagattā ca, tasmā evamāha. Ekaṃ vanasminti vivittaṭṭhāne ekakaṃ vanasmiṃ jhāyantaṃ tamahaṃ brāhmaṇaṃ vadāmīti attho.
此处所称『持尘堆者』,即比库尼以相称自我道行,长期布施红土及忍辱坚固于法故称之。故释云:『独处林间』意谓在清净处单独禅修者是婆罗门。
Desanāvasāne bahū sotāpattiphalādīni pāpuṇiṃsūti.
结教之时,众生获得初果圣向、听闻圣向等多种得证。
Kisāgotamīvatthu dvādasamaṃ. · 瘦果德弥事第十二。
13. Ekabrāhmaṇavatthu十三、一位婆罗门事。
Nacāhanti imaṃ dhammadesanaṃ satthā jetavane viharanto ekaṃ brāhmaṇaṃ ārabbha kathesi.
那时,居住于祇树给孤独园的世尊,面对一位婆罗门开始说法。
So kira ‘‘samaṇo gotamo attano sāvake brāhmaṇāti vadati ahañcamhi brāhmaṇayoniyaṃ nibbatto, mampi nu kho evaṃ vattuṃ vaṭṭatī’’ti satthāraṃ upasaṅkamitvā tamatthaṃ pucchi. Atha naṃ satthā ‘‘nāhaṃ, brāhmaṇa, brāhmaṇayoniyaṃ nibbattamattenevaṃ vadāmi, yo pana akiñcano agahaṇo, tamahaṃ brāhmaṇaṃ vadāmī’’ti vatvā imaṃ gāthamāha –
这婆罗门说:“沙门果德玛称他的弟子为婆罗门。我自己也生于婆罗门家族,请问尊者,这种说法是真的吗?”于是他前去问世尊。世尊对他说:“不是,婆罗门,我并不说生于婆罗门家的人就是婆罗门;只有那些没有任何污垢之人,我才称他为婆罗门。”接着世尊说了这首偈子──
§396
396.
三百九十六。
‘‘Na cāhaṃ brāhmaṇaṃ brūmi, yonijaṃ mattisambhavaṃ;
我不称为婆罗门,唯称由心所生;
Bhovādi nāma so hoti, sace hoti sakiñcano;
他如果具足家世,也许是婆罗门;
Akiñcanaṃ anādānaṃ, tamahaṃ brūmi brāhmaṇa’’nti.
无所有、无占有,我才称他为婆罗门。」
Tattha yonijanti yoniyaṃ jātaṃ. Mattisambhavanti brāhmaṇiyā mātu santake udarasmiṃ sambhūtaṃ. Bhovādīti so pana āmantanādīsu ‘‘bho, bho’’ti vatvā vicaranto bhovādi nāma hoti, sace rāgādīhi kiñcanehi sakiñcano. Ahaṃ pana rāgādīhi akiñcanaṃ catūhi upādānehi anādānaṃ brāhmaṇaṃ vadāmīti attho.
其处有生命由所生之处而生。婆罗门之母腹中所生之子由此诞生。『哺』者,于称呼等中以『哺哺』之声相呼,称为哺者,若以爱欲等某些东西聚集而生。我则谓不取爱欲诸根之物,不着四种取执,为婆罗门之义。
Desanāvasāne so brāhmaṇo sotāpattiphale patiṭṭhahi, sampattānampi sātthikā dhammadesanā ahosīti.
此处意谓,经行一切教法之后,此婆罗门业已立于初果果位,且教法真实善巧、契合义理。
Ekabrāhmaṇavatthu terasamaṃ. · 一位婆罗门事第十三。
14. Uggasenaseṭṭhiputtavatthu十四、乌嘎谢那长者子事。
Sabbasaṃyojananti imaṃ dhammadesanaṃ satthā veḷuvane viharanto uggasenaṃ nāma seṭṭhiputtaṃ ārabbha kathesi. Vatthu ‘‘muñca pure muñca pacchato’’ti (dha. pa. 348) gāthāvaṇṇanāya vitthāritameva.
世尊在竹林园修行时,从名为优伽塞那的长老主持人子开始讲说此教法,谓之诸结皆断者。此理由经文‘‘先放后放’’(《法句经》348偈)详加阐释。
Tadā hi satthā, ‘‘bhante, uggaseno ‘na bhāyāmī’ti vadati, abhūtena maññe aññaṃ byākarotī’’ti bhikkhūhi vutte, ‘‘bhikkhave, mama puttasadisā chinnasaṃyojanā na bhāyantiyevā’’ti vatvā imaṃ gāthamāha –
当时世尊告曰:『比库们,乌迦塞那称“我不恐惧”,彼者妄言也。比库们,虽如我子者断绝烦恼者,尚无所畏。』说此偈语——
§397
397.
三百九十七。
‘‘Sabbasaṃyojanaṃ chetvā, yo ve na paritassati;
『断除一切绳结者,彼不生忧愁。』
Saṅgātigaṃ visaṃyuttaṃ, tamahaṃ brūmi brāhmaṇa’’nti.
『断除结缚』者,吾于尔时如此为说,婆罗门。
Tattha sabbasaṃyojananti dasavidhasaṃyojanaṃ. Na paritassatīti taṇhāya na bhāyati. Tamahanti taṃ ahaṃ rāgādīnaṃ saṅgānaṃ atītattā saṅgātigaṃ, catunnampi yogānaṃ abhāvena visaṃyuttaṃ brāhmaṇaṃ vadāmīti attho.
此处所说『诸结缚』者,是指十种结缚。所谓不缠缚者,为渴爱不恐怖也。故我说者,是我所断除欲等烦恼结缚之过,且脱绝四种瑜伽引缠,故称此婆罗门为断除结缚者也。
Desanāvasāne bahū sotāpattiphalādīni pāpuṇiṃsūti.
说法终结时,许多诸入流果等得成就。
Uggasenaseṭṭhiputtavatthu cuddasamaṃ. · 乌嘎谢那长者子事第十四。
15. Dvebrāhmaṇavatthu十五、两位婆罗门事。
Chetvānaddhinti imaṃ dhammadesanaṃ satthā jetavane viharanto dve brāhmaṇe ārabbha kathesi.
断除后,世尊在揭陀林住时,于两婆罗门说此法。
Tesu kirekassa cūḷarohito nāma goṇo ahosi, ekassa mahārohito nāma. Te ekadivasaṃ ‘‘tava goṇo balavā, mama goṇo balavā’’ti vivaditvā ‘‘kiṃ no vivādena, pājetvā jānissāmā’’ti aciravatītīre sakaṭaṃ vālukāya pūretvā goṇe yojayiṃsu. Tasmiṃ khaṇe bhikkhūpi nhāyituṃ tattha gatā honti. Brāhmaṇā goṇe pājesuṃ. Sakaṭaṃ niccalaṃ aṭṭhāsi, naddhivarattā pana chijjiṃsu. Bhikkhū disvā vihāraṃ gantvā tamatthaṃ satthu ārocayiṃsu. Satthā, ‘‘bhikkhave , bāhirā etā naddhivarattā, yo koci etā chindateva, bhikkhunā pana ajjhattikaṃ kodhanaddhiñceva taṇhāvarattañca chindituṃ vaṭṭatī’’ti vatvā imaṃ gāthamāha –
其时,有名曰小降的大族,有名曰大降之族,彼二族一日争论:“尔族强,吾族强。”言辩不已曰:“以斗争定胜负。”遂堤岸以土填车,筑垒围绕族群。时比库亦往沐浴,婆罗门筑垒。车垒固立未动,绳索却被断裂。比库见之还寺,告知世尊。世尊言:“比库们,此系外缘断绳,若有破断此绳者,内比库当断除内心诸怒断渴爱结缚。”说毕,赋此偈曰——
§398
398.
三百九十八。
‘‘Chetvā naddhiṃ varattañca, sandānaṃ sahanukkamaṃ;
『放弃缠绕与束缚,忍受牵连和接触之痛;』
Ukkhittapalighaṃ buddhaṃ, tamahaṃ brūmi brāhmaṇa’’nti.
『揭起(内心的)浊毒,觉悟的佛陀,我今对您说,婆罗门啊。』
Tattha naddhinti nayhanabhāvena pavattaṃ kodhaṃ. Varattanti bandhanabhāvena pavattaṃ taṇhaṃ. Sandānaṃ sahanukkamanti anusayānukkamasahitaṃ dvāsaṭṭhidiṭṭhisandānaṃ, idaṃ sabbampi chinditvā ṭhitaṃ avijjāpalighassa ukkhittattā ukkhittapalighaṃ, catunnaṃ saccānaṃ buddhattā buddhaṃ taṃ ahaṃ brāhmaṇaṃ vadāmīti attho.
此处解说:『放弃缠绕』即如同消灭缠绕状态般破除愤怒;『束缚』如同绝断束缚般断除渴爱;『忍受牵连和接触之痛』乃含有习气的牵缠痛苦的忍受,『六十种观点之牵缠』尽皆断除后,因无明之浊毒被揭起振奋,因四圣谛之佛陀果位成就佛陀,这正是我称之婆罗门的意义所在。
Desanāvasāne pañcasatā bhikkhū arahatte patiṭṭhahiṃsu, sampattānampi sātthikā dhammadesanā ahosīti.
讲授终结时,有五百比库证得阿拉汉果,对现今具足真实利益的佛法宣说成为具足庄严的法教。
Dvebrāhmaṇavatthu pannarasamaṃ. · 二婆罗门事为第十五。
16. Akkosakabhāradvājavatthu16. 辱骂帕拉德瓦迦事
Akkosanti imaṃ dhammadesanaṃ satthā veḷuvane viharanto akkosakabhāradvājaṃ ārabbha kathesi.
有人对在竹林精舍修行的尊者佛陀所说的此法教表现愤怒,便向巴拉德瓦迦发起责难。
Tassa hi bhātu bhāradvājassa dhanañjānī nāma brāhmaṇī sotāpannā ahosi. Sā khīpitvāpi kāsitvāpi pakkhalitvāpi ‘‘namo tassa bhagavato arahato sammāsambuddhassā’’ti imaṃ udānaṃ udānesi. Sā ekadivasaṃ brāhmaṇaparivesanāya pavattamānāya pakkhalitvā tatheva mahāsaddena udānaṃ udānesi. Brāhmaṇo kujjhitvā ‘‘evamevāyaṃ vasalī yattha vā tattha vā pakkhalitvā tassa muṇḍakassa samaṇakassa vaṇṇaṃ bhāsatī’’ti vatvā ‘‘idāni te, vasali, gantvā tassa satthuno vādaṃ āropessāmī’’ti āha. Atha naṃ sā ‘‘gaccha, brāhmaṇa, nāhaṃ taṃ passāmi, yo tassa bhagavato vādaṃ āropeyya, api ca gantvā taṃ bhagavantaṃ pañhaṃ pucchassū’’ti āha. So satthu santikaṃ gantvā avanditvāva ekamantaṃ ṭhito pañhaṃ pucchanto imaṃ gāthamāha –
该巴拉德瓦迦之弟弟名曰达南迦尼婆罗门,已证初果,彼女即便被夺取财物、出家而漂泊,依然唱诵此颂赞曰:『顶礼彼世尊、阿拉汉、正自觉者。』彼女在一日中环绕婆罗门区游走,边走边大声诵唱此颂。婆罗门愤怒言语曰:『这瓦萨利女竟无论何处行,岂能如此放肆妄言那剃头沙门的美称?』遂言:『现在,瓦萨利女,你去我将控诉那尊师的言论。』她答曰:『去吧,婆罗门,我不见那能控诉世尊之人,纵然去问佛陀,也要询问清楚。』于是彼婆罗门前往尊者佛陀处,行礼后独立一旁,发问并吟诵此偈:
‘‘Kiṃsu chetvā sukhaṃ seti, kiṃsu chetvā na socati;
『焉能杀戮而生安乐,焉能杀戮而不怀忧?』
Kissassu ekadhammassa, vadhaṃ rocesi gotamā’’ti. (saṃ. ni. 1.187);
『对于同一事物,果德玛你为何如此怨恨、促成杀戮?』(相应部·文字集 1.187)
Athassa pañhaṃ byākaronto satthā imaṃ gāthamāha –
此时,导师为解答此疑问,宣说以下偈语——
‘‘Kodhaṃ chetvā sukhaṃ seti, kodhaṃ chetvā na socati;
『忿怒杀戮焉能生安乐,忿怒杀戮焉能不忧愁?』
Kodhassa visamūlassa, madhuraggassa brāhmaṇa;
『忿怒根本气味苦,愤恨犹如婆罗门恶苦甘露;
Vadhaṃ ariyā pasaṃsanti, tañhi chetvā na socatī’’ti. (saṃ. ni. 1.187);
圣者赞叹无杀,远离愤怒不忧愁。』(相应部·文字集 1.187)
So satthari pasīditvā pabbajitvā arahattaṃ pāpuṇi. Athassa kaniṭṭho akkosakabhāradvājo ‘‘bhātā kira me pabbajito’’ti sutvā kuddho āgantvā satthāraṃ asabbhāhi pharusāhi vācāhi akkosi. Sopi satthārā atithīnaṃ khādanīyādidānaopammena saññatto satthari pasanno pabbajitvā arahattaṃ pāpuṇi. Aparepissa sundarikabhāradvājo biliṅgakabhāradvājoti dve kaniṭṭhabhātaro satthāraṃ akkosantāva satthārā vinītā pabbajitvā arahattaṃ pāpuṇiṃsu.
于是那位老师心满意足,出家后进至阿拉汉果位。其年幼的弟弟宾多纳帕拉德瓦迦听闻此事,说道“哥哥果然出家了”,愤怒来访,对老师用粗暴恶劣的言辞斥责。老师也因供给过客食物等缘故而被弟弟责备,但老师仍心怀欢喜,出家后成就阿拉汉果位。随后又出现两个年幼弟弟,分别名为美丽惹巴拉德瓦迦和毕陵达瓦差,二弟弟斥责老师,但老师仍端正恭敬,出家后皆证得阿拉汉果位。
Athekadivasaṃ dhammasabhāyaṃ kathaṃ samuṭṭhāpesuṃ, ‘‘āvuso, acchariyā vata buddhaguṇā, catūsu nāma bhātikesu akkosantesu satthā kiñci avatvā tesaṃyeva patiṭṭhā jāto’’ti. Satthā āgantvā ‘‘kāya nuttha, bhikkhave, etarahi kathāya sannisinnā’’ti pucchitvā ‘‘imāya nāmā’’ti vutte, ‘‘bhikkhave, ahaṃ mama khantibalena samannāgatattā duṭṭhesu adussanto mahājanassa patiṭṭhā homiyevā’’ti vatvā imaṃ gāthamāha –
有一日在佛法集会中谈论道:“诸位,佛陀的功德实在殊胜,四位年幼弟弟虽斥责师父,然而师父并未心生烦恼,反而因此获得了他们的尊敬。” 师父闻知此言,来到现场问道:“诸比库,现在这里议论的是什么?”得到答覆:“是谈论您的名字。”于是师父说:“诸比库,凭借我的忍耐力,在面对恶人时仍能安忍,我才能得到大众的尊敬。”接着称述一偈:
§399
399.
三百九十九。
‘‘Akkosaṃ vadhabandhañca, aduṭṭho yo titikkhati;
“恼怒是杀业之缘缚,恶人但能忍受;
Khantībalaṃ balānīkaṃ, tamahaṃ brūmi brāhmaṇa’’nti.
忍耐力乃强大之力,我称此为婆罗门。”
Tattha aduṭṭhoti etaṃ dasahi akkosavatthūhi akkosañca pāṇiādīhi pothanañca andubandhanādīhi bandhanañca yo akuddhamānaso hutvā adhivāseti , khantibalena samannāgatattā khantibalaṃ, punappunaṃ uppattiyā anīkabhūtena teneva khantibalena samannāgatattā balānīkaṃ taṃ evarūpaṃ ahaṃ brāhmaṇaṃ vadāmīti attho.
其中所谓“恶人”,即指那十种恼怒行为。恼怒如同手脚之囚禁束缚,心若躁动不安便生苦恼。所谓“忍耐力”,乃指心怀坚韧,以忍辱为力量,再三出现的困难中未曾退失,即借此忍耐力赫然自称“我即是婆罗门”。其义即是如此。
Desanāvasāne bahū sotāpattiphalādīni pāpuṇiṃsūti.
在教诲结束时,有很多人得到了得初果等果报。
Akkosakabhāradvājavatthu soḷasamaṃ. · 辱骂帕拉德瓦迦事为第十六。
17. Sāriputtattheravatthu17. 沙利子长老事
Akkodhananti imaṃ dhammadesanaṃ satthā veḷuvane viharanto sāriputtattheraṃ ārabbha kathesi.
所谓无嗔恚者,是指那位在竹林中住持教法者,于长老沙利多尊者前所说的法。
Tadā kira thero pañcahi bhikkhusatehi saddhiṃ piṇḍāya caranto nālakagāme mātu gharadvāraṃ agamāsi. Atha naṃ sā nisīdāpetvā parivisamānā akkosi – ‘‘ambho, ucchiṭṭhakhādaka ucchiṭṭhakañjiyaṃ alabhitvā paragharesu uḷuṅkapiṭṭhena ghaṭṭitakañjiyaṃ paribhuñjituṃ asītikoṭidhanaṃ pahāya pabbajitosi, nāsitamhā tayā, bhuñjāhi dānī’’ti. Bhikkhūnampi bhattaṃ dadamānā ‘‘tumhehi mama putto attano cūḷupaṭṭhāko kato, idāni bhuñjathā’’ti vadeti. Thero bhikkhaṃ gahetvā vihārameva agamāsi. Athāyasmā rāhulo satthāraṃ piṇḍapātena āpucchi. Atha naṃ satthā āha – ‘‘rāhula, kahaṃ gamitthā’’ti? ‘‘Ayyikāya gāmaṃ, bhante’’ti. ‘‘Kiṃ pana te ayyikāya upajjhāyo vutto’’ti? ‘‘Ayyikāya me, bhante, upajjhāyo akkuṭṭho’’ti. ‘‘Kinti vatvā’’ti? ‘‘Idaṃ nāma, bhante’’ti. ‘‘Upajjhāyena pana te kiṃ vutta’’nti? ‘‘Na kiñci, bhante’’ti. Taṃ sutvā bhikkhū dhammasabhāyaṃ kathaṃ samuṭṭhāpesuṃ, ‘‘āvuso, acchariyā vata sāriputtattherassa guṇā, evaṃnāmassa mātari akkosantiyā kodhamattampi nāhosī’’ti. Satthā āgantvā ‘‘kāya nuttha, bhikkhave, etarahi kathāya sannisinnā’’ti pucchitvā ‘‘imāya nāmā’’ti vutte, ‘‘bhikkhave, khīṇāsavā nāma akkodhanāva hontī’’ti vatvā imaṃ gāthamāha –
当时那位长老与五百比库共同行乞,到了纳拉迦村,至母亲家的门前。然后母亲没有让他入座,反而愤怒责备他说:『哎呀,你弃绝了断食食物,放弃了千万财富而出家,不应该这样,还是留在家中享用施舍吧。』比库们也在施舍饭食时说:『这就是你儿子,你自己的小官吏成何等状,现在请你来享用吧。』这位长老收下饭食后,便回到静处。随后具寿拉胡喇询问师长乞食情形。师长问:『拉胡喇,你去哪里了?』拉胡喇答:『去女主家的村庄,世尊。』师长复问:『那女主家的护法对你有何话说?』答曰:『世尊,她对我护法无嗔恚。』师长问:『那护法说了什么?』答曰:『世尊,没有什么特别的话语。』听闻此事,比库们在法座上议论说:『朋友啊,真是奇妙,长老沙利多的德行,连像那位母亲愤怒时也不会生嗔恚。』师长来了,问道:『现在大家聚集在这里谈论甚麽?』答曰:『是关于此女的事。』师长说:『比库们,无嗔恚是无烦恼者。』随即说出下面偈颂——
§400
400.
‘‘Akkodhanaṃ vatavantaṃ, sīlavantaṃ anussadaṃ;
无嗔恚者是贤者,是持戒者,受安心者;
Dantaṃ antimasārīraṃ, tamahaṃ brūmi brāhmaṇa’’nti.
馴伏了最后的身躯,婆罗门,我如是言。
Tattha vatavantanti dhutavatena, samannāgataṃ catupārisuddhisīlena sīlavantaṃ, taṇhāussadābhāvena anussadaṃ, chaḷindriyadamanena dantaṃ, koṭiyaṃ ṭhitena attabhāvena antimasarīraṃ tamahaṃ brāhmaṇaṃ vadāmīti attho.
于此谓贤者者:具备圣洁四净戒之人,具备断除渴爱之觉知,具备六根调伏之能,具备自制之性,保持身心清净,此即我称之为婆罗门者义也。
Desanāvasāne bahū sotāpattiphalādīni pāpuṇiṃsūti.
说法结束时,众多得斯陀含果等菩提果位者皆已获得。
Sāriputtattheravatthu sattarasamaṃ. · 沙利子长老事为第十七。
18. Uppalavaṇṇātherīvatthu18. 伍巴喇瓦那长老尼事
Vāri pokkharapattevāti imaṃ dhammadesanaṃ satthā jetavane viharanto uppalavaṇṇatheriṃ ārabbha kathesi. Vatthu ‘‘madhuvā maññati bālo’’ti gāthāvaṇṇanāya (dha. pa. 69) vitthāritameva. Vuttañhi tattha (dha. pa. aṭṭha. 1.69) –
所谓瓦利波伽拉婆弟,即释尊住于揭陀林时,开始讲述关于白莲比库尼之法。其开端乃由《蜜蜂不觉愚昧》偈释文(法句经69品)详述。譬如所述法句(法句经注1.69)曰——
Aparena samayena mahājano dhammasabhāyaṃ kathaṃ samuṭṭhāpesi ‘‘khīṇāsavāpi maññe kāmasukhaṃ sādiyanti, kāmaṃ sevanti, kiṃ na sevissanti. Na hete koḷāparukkhā, na ca vammikā, allamaṃsasarīrāva, tasmā etepi kāmasukhaṃ sādiyantī’’ti. Satthā āgantvā ‘‘kāya nuttha, bhikkhave, etarahi kathāya sannisinnā’’ti pucchitvā ‘‘imāya nāmā’’ti vutte ‘‘na, bhikkhave, khīṇāsavā kāmasukhaṃ sādiyanti, na kāmaṃ sevanti. Yathā hi padumapatte patitaṃ udakabindu na limpati na saṇṭhāti, vinivattitvā pana patateva. Yathā ca āragge sāsapo na upalimpati na saṇṭhāti, vinivattitvā patateva, evaṃ khīṇāsavassa citte duvidhopi kāmo na limpati na saṇṭhātī’’ti anusandhiṃ ghaṭetvā dhammaṃ desento imaṃ gāthamāha –
有一次,长者集会讲论法事,言说:‘虽谓尽除烦恼者,犹乐欲之境界,尚乐欲行,何况不上欲者乎?其身非粗恶、非污秽、非秽肮脏,故于此亦乐欲之境也。’ 尊者后来亲临现问:“比库们,此处何因集会议论?” 众答曰:“此为如是者。” 尊者言:“非然,比库们,尽除烦恼者不乐欲,不乐欲行。譬如莲叶上落水珠不湿不聚,虽旋转而终落下;如岩石之蛇不附不聚,旋转后终落下。于尽除烦恼之心,两种欲不聚不附。” 继而续说此理,宣说法句曰——
§401
401.
四百零一。
‘‘Vāri pokkharapatteva, āraggeriva sāsapo;
“如水池塘中水,如岩中蛇般不可染,
Yo na limpati kāmesu, tamahaṃ brūmi brāhmaṇa’’nti.
『谁不沾染欲乐者,我称彼为婆罗门』者意。
Tattha yo na limpatīti evamevaṃ yo abbhantare duvidhepi kāme na upalimpati, tasmiṃ kāme na saṇṭhāti, tamahaṃ brāhmaṇaṃ vadāmīti attho.
所谓『不沾染者』,指如是:在内外两种欲乐上皆不染者,此欲乐处无所依止,我由此故称彼为婆罗门。
Desanāvasāne bahū sotāpattiphalādīni pāpuṇiṃsūti.
于说法终了时,众多弟子得流出果等。
Uppalavaṇṇātherīvatthu aṭṭhārasamaṃ. · 伍巴喇瓦纳长老尼事,第十八。
19. Aññatarabrāhmaṇavatthu19. 某婆罗门事
Yodukkhassāti imaṃ dhammadesanaṃ satthā jetavane viharanto aññataraṃ brāhmaṇaṃ ārabbha kathesi.
『是苦者』者,谓此法之宣说时,世尊在揭林中,曾对一婆罗门开始宣说。
Tassa kireko dāso apaññatte sikkhāpade palāyitvā pabbajitvā arahattaṃ pāpuṇi. Brāhmaṇo taṃ olokento adisvā ekadivasaṃ satthārā saddhiṃ piṇḍāya pavisantaṃ dvārantare disvā cīvaraṃ daḷhaṃ aggahesi. Satthā nivattitvā ‘‘kiṃ idaṃ, brāhmaṇā’’ti pucchi. Dāso me, bho gotamāti . Pannabhāro esa, brāhmaṇāti. ‘‘Pannabhāro’’ti ca vutte brāhmaṇo ‘‘arahā’’ti sallakkhesi. Tasmā punapi tena ‘‘evaṃ, bho gotamā’’ti vutte satthā ‘‘āma, brāhmaṇa, pannabhāro’’ti vatvā imaṃ gāthamāha –
其时,有一愚昧奴婢离开未学戒,出家得阿拉汉果。婆罗门见之,某日与世尊同入乞食门中,见其持衣坚固。世尊还住时问曰:「何事,婆罗门?」其奴婢答曰:「我主,果德玛。」婆罗门曰:「此乃智慧负担。」世尊闻言,婆罗门称其为阿拉汉。世尊复言:「如此,我主果德玛。」遂称「是的,婆罗门,此为智慧负担」,而作此偈曰:
§402
402.
四百零二偈。
‘‘Yo dukkhassa pajānāti, idheva khayamattano;
『谁能了解苦,正如其本身的消灭;』
Pannabhāraṃ visaṃyuttaṃ, tamahaṃ brūmi brāhmaṇa’’nti.
『断除束缚于智慧负担者,我称之为婆罗门。』
Tattha dukkhassāti khandhadukkhassa. Pannabhāranti ohitakhandhabhāraṃ catūhi yogehi sabbakilesehi vā visaṃyuttaṃ tamahaṃ brāhmaṇaṃ vadāmīti attho. Desanāvasāne so brāhmaṇo sotāpattiphale patiṭṭhahi, sampattānampi sātthikā dhammadesanā ahosīti.
此处所言『苦』者,指的是蕴的苦。所谓智慧负担,即那因四种结合及各种染污所缠绕的沉重负担,我称之为婆罗门。此意是说。说法结束时,那婆罗门已获得须陀洹果位,且所证得法与实际心法相符,故此说法为真实。
Aññatarabrāhmaṇavatthu ekūnavīsatimaṃ. · 某婆罗门事,第十九。
20. Khemābhikkhunīvatthu20. 克玛比库尼事
Gambhīrapaññanti imaṃ dhammadesanaṃ satthā gijjhakūṭe viharanto khemaṃ nāma bhikkhuniṃ ārabbha kathesi.
所谓『深远智慧』,此佛法说法者,于吉利迦山住时,以名为吉美的比库尼为讲话对象。
Ekadivasañhi paṭhamayāmasamanantare sakko devarājā parisāya saddhiṃ āgantvā satthu santike sāraṇīyadhammakathaṃ suṇanto nisīdi. Tasmiṃ khaṇe khemā bhikkhunī ‘‘satthāraṃ passissāmī’’ti āgantvā sakkaṃ disvā ākāse ṭhitāva satthāraṃ vanditvā nivatti. Sakko taṃ disvā ‘‘ko esā, bhante, āgacchamānā ākāse ṭhitāva satthāraṃ vanditvā nivattī’’ti pucchi. Satthā ‘‘esā, mahārāja, mama dhītā khemā nāma mahāpaññā maggāmaggakovidā’’ti vatvā imaṃ gāthamāha –
某日,初次努力之后,天帝萨咖率诸天众至佛陀近前,聆听了重要法义。那时,吉美比库尼至天上『愿见师长』,见到萨咖正立空中,礼敬佛陀后退下。天帝见状,问曰:『此位尊者是谁,空中立而礼敬师长后还?』佛陀答曰:『此乃大王,她是吾女,名为吉美,具有大智慧,知晓道与果。』随即说出偈颂——
§403
403.
四百零三。
‘‘Gambhīrapaññaṃ medhāviṃ, maggāmaggassa kovidaṃ;
『深远智慧者,精通正行与邪行;','203':'获得至高无上者,我于今说,婆罗门』是也。
Uttamatthamanuppattaṃ, tamahaṃ brūmi brāhmaṇa’’nti.
「至上意旨之现起,彼此我今称之为婆罗门。」
Tattha gabbhīrapaññanti gambhīresu khandhādīsu pavattāya paññāya samannāgataṃ dhammojapaññāya samannāgataṃ medhāviṃ ‘‘ayaṃ duggatiyā maggo, ayaṃ sugatiyā maggo, ayaṃ nibbānassa maggo, ayaṃ amaggo’’ti evaṃ magge ca amagge ca chekatāya maggāmaggassa kovidaṃ arahattasaṅkhātaṃ uttamatthaṃ anuppattaṃ tamahaṃ brāhmaṇaṃ vadāmīti attho.
此中所谓『深远智慧』,指于深秘蕴等现象生起的智慧,具足法之智慧,兼备聪慧明确。所谓『智慧者』,即具有此智慧者。此为『此为堕落之路,此为善趣之路,此为涅槃之路,此为非道』。是故,路与非路均被分别,识其正当与非正当者,即阿拉汉所成就之最高目的,我今佛言婆罗门如是说之义。
Desanāvasāne bahū sotāpattiphalādīni pāpuṇiṃsūti.
说法终结时,彼等获多种初果等殊胜果报。
Khemābhikkhunivatthu vīsatimaṃ. · 克玛比库尼事,第二十。
21. Pabbhāravāsītissattheravatthu21. 住巴巴拉的提萨长老事
Asaṃsaṭṭhanti imaṃ dhammadesanaṃ satthā jetavane viharanto pabbhāravāsītissattheraṃ ārabbha kathesi.
当时佛住于祇树给孤独园,开始教诲年七十的长老。
So kira satthu santike kammaṭṭhānaṃ gahetvā araññaṃ pavisitvā sappāyaṃ senāsanaṃ olokento ekaṃ leṇapabbhāraṃ pāpuṇi, sampattakkhaṇeyevassa cittaṃ ekaggataṃ labhi. So ‘‘ahaṃ idha vasanto pabbajitakiccaṃ nipphādetuṃ sakkhissāmī’’ti cintesi. Leṇepi adhivatthā devatā ‘‘sīlavā bhikkhu āgato, iminā saddhiṃ ekaṭṭhāne vasituṃ dukkhaṃ. Ayaṃ pana idha ekarattimeva vasitvā pakkamissatī’’ti cintetvā putte ādāya nikkhami. Thero punadivase pātova gocaragāmaṃ piṇḍāya pāvisi. Atha naṃ ekā upāsikā disvāva puttasinehaṃ paṭilabhitvā gehe nisīdāpetvā bhojetvā attānaṃ nissāya temāsaṃ vasanatthāya yāci. Sopi ‘‘sakkā mayā imaṃ nissāya bhavanissaraṇaṃ kātu’’nti adhivāsetvā tameva leṇaṃ agamāsi. Devatā taṃ āgacchantaṃ disvā ‘‘addhā kenaci nimantito bhavissati, sve vā parasuve vā gamissatī’’ti cintesi.
彼于佛前,承受修行法门,入林观察善所止息,巡视安稳坐处,得一石窟,心便寂定专注,思维曰:『我今栖居此,能断诸出家事。』石窟上设有天神,因当与此善比库共处,感此相难,思:『此人不久便离去。』于是携子出门。次日,为乞食至牝牛村。时一女居士见其儿亲情,生悉心恭敬,将其请入家中饲养,以便夏住。彼长老曰:『我可以此处为依止地,远离世间。』遂安住于彼石窟。天神见此,思想曰:『此将由何人款待?或自家,或他家往返乎。』
Evaṃ aḍḍhamāsamatte atikkante ‘‘ayaṃ idheva maññe antovassaṃ vasissati, sīlavatā pana saddhiṃ ekaṭṭhāne puttakehi saddhiṃ vasituṃ dukkaraṃ, imañca ‘nikkhamā’ti vattuṃ na sakkā, atthi nu kho imassa sīle khalita’’nti dibbena cakkhunā olokentī upasampadamāḷakato paṭṭhāya tassa sīle khalitaṃ adisvā ‘‘parisuddhamassa sīlaṃ, kiñcidevassa katvā ayasaṃ uppādessāmī’’ti tassa upaṭṭhākakule upāsikāya jeṭṭhaputtassa sarīre adhimuccitvā gīvaṃ parivattesi. Tassa akkhīni nikkhamiṃsu, mukhato kheḷo pagghari. Upāsikā taṃ disvā ‘‘kiṃ ida’’nti viravi. Atha naṃ devatā adissamānarūpā evamāha – ‘‘mayā esa gahito, balikammenapi me attho natthi, tumhākaṃ pana kulūpakaṃ theraṃ laṭṭhimadhukaṃ yācitvā tena telaṃ pacitvā imassa natthukammaṃ detha, evāhaṃ imaṃ muñcissāmī’’ti. Nassatu vā esa maratu vā, na sakkhissāmahaṃ ayyaṃ laṭṭhimadhukaṃ yācitunti. Sace laṭṭhimadhukaṃ yācituṃ na sakkotha, nāsikāyassa hiṅgucuṇṇaṃ pakkhipituṃ vadethāti. Idampi vattuṃ na sakkomāti. Tena hissa pādadhovanaudakaṃ ādāya sīse āsiñcathāti. Upāsikā ‘‘sakkā idaṃ kātu’’nti velāya āgataṃ theraṃ nisīdāpetvā yāgukhajjakaṃ datvā antarabhatte nisinnassa pāde dhovitvā udakaṃ gahetvā, ‘‘bhante, idaṃ udakaṃ dārakassa sīse āsiñcāmā’’ti āpucchitvā ‘‘tena hi āsiñcathā’’ti vutte tathā akāsi. Sā devatā tāvadeva taṃ muñcitvā gantvā leṇadvāre aṭṭhāsi.
如是经过半月时,有人想『这位比库将住在此处的夏安中,但具戒的比库们同处一所房子同住却困难,且这位比库无法说“出门”』。世尊以神通眼观察,披戴正式具足受具足戒的标记,看见其戒律清净,便告知说『戒律纯净,既然已作少许,就应生钢铁般坚固决心』。在守护者侍者及与他同行女居士长辈的陪伴下,于那比库身上伏尸出舌。比库眼中流出泪珠,口中泄漏唾液。女居士见此,诧异问『这是什么?』。这时诸天现形说道:『我曾捕获此处妖魔,虽作恶业但无利益,恳请你们乞求此女的长者比库,视做蜂蜜熬炼的油涂抹此人,使这恶业消灭,我愿放他自由』。恶业消灭或死亡,吾辈不复缠绕此人。若不能为他乞求蜂蜜,则可投掷鼻孔中姜黄粉。此事亦不可强行为之。所以带着脚浴水覆头而洗。女居士说『这是可行的』。时有长者比库到来,令其坐下,赐予牛膝,坐于内室处洗脚并盛水,问曰『尊者,这水可为小儿覆头吗?』答曰『可用此水洗』。女居士依言放他走,站在石窟门口。
Theropi bhattakiccāvasāne uṭṭhāyāsanā avissaṭṭhakammaṭṭhānatāya dvattiṃsākāraṃ sajjhāyantova pakkāmi. Atha naṃ leṇadvāraṃ pattakāle sā devatā ‘‘mahāvejja mā idha pavisā’’ti āha. So tattheva ṭhatvā ‘‘kāsi tva’’nti āha. Ahaṃ idha adhivatthā devatāti. Thero ‘‘atthi nu kho mayā vejjakammassa kataṭṭhāna’’nti upasampadamāḷakato paṭṭhāya olokento attano sīle tilakaṃ vā kāḷakaṃ vā adisvā ‘‘ahaṃ mayā vejjakammassa kataṭṭhānaṃ na passāmi, kasmā evaṃ vadesī’’ti āha. Na passasīti. Āma, na passāmīti? Ācikkhāmi teti. Āma, ācikkhāhīti. Tiṭṭhatu tāva dūre kataṃ, ajjeva tayā amanussagahitassa upaṭṭhākaputtassa pādadhovanaudakaṃ sīse āsittaṃ, nāsittanti? Āma, āsittanti. Kiṃ etaṃ na passasīti? Etaṃ sandhāya tvaṃ vadesīti? Āma, etaṃ sandhāya vadāmīti. Thero cintesi – ‘‘aho vata me sammā paṇihito attā, sāsanassa anurūpaṃ vata me caritaṃ, devatāpi mama catupārisuddhisīle tilakaṃ vā kāḷakaṃ vā adisvā dārakassa sīse āsittapādadhovanamattaṃ addasā’’ti tassa sīlaṃ ārabbha balavapīti uppajji. So taṃ vikkhambhetvā pāduddhārampi akatvā tattheva arahattaṃ patvā ‘‘mādisaṃ parisuddhaṃ samaṇaṃ dūsetvā mā idha vanasaṇḍe vasi, tvameva nikkhamāhī’’ti devataṃ ovadanto imaṃ udānaṃ udānesi –
该比库在饭事了结后起身,坐席不安,忙于二十三次洗净功课。着离石窟门时,诸天告诫曰『大医师,请勿进入此处』。比库当即止步问曰『你是谁?』自答曰『我是此地常护众神』。比库披戴正式受具足戒标记,巡视自身戒相,发现未见治病场所,疑言『我为何这样说呢?』。异说『未见』。比库说『是,我授与你此知识』。起身离去。话说不久,诸天发现其侍者身上有脚浴水遗留于头顶,问曰『你岂未见乎?』答曰『见过』。问曰『何以言未见?』曰『乃为试探尔所言』。比库默思曰『我实修诸善,行合教法,诸天又显戒相,侍者头顶遗有脚浴水,果然坚定我戒律力。』于是推翻当时念头,不发起脚浴清洗,遂证阿拉汉果。诸天告诫曰『勿污秽这位清净的沙门,勿在此处丛林之中居住,尔应远离』,说此偈赞之:
‘‘Visuddho vata me vāso, nimmalaṃ maṃ tapassinaṃ;
「我居处清净,为苦行者洁净;
Mā tvaṃ visuddhaṃ dūsesi, nikkhama pavanā tuva’’nti.
勿令清净受污,尔应远出此地。」
So tattheva temāsaṃ vasitvā vutthavasso satthu santikaṃ gantvā bhikkhūhi ‘‘kiṃ, āvuso, pabbajitakiccaṃ te matthakaṃ pāpita’’nti puṭṭho tasmiṃ leṇe vassūpagamanato paṭṭhāya sabbaṃ taṃ pavattiṃ bhikkhūnaṃ ārocetvā, ‘‘āvuso, tvaṃ devatāya evaṃ vuccamāno na kujjhī’’ti vutte ‘‘na kujjhi’’nti āha. Bhikkhū tathāgatassa ārocesuṃ, ‘‘bhante, ayaṃ bhikkhu aññaṃ byākaroti, devatāya idaṃ nāma vuccamānopi na kujjhinti vadatī’’ti. Satthā tesaṃ kathaṃ sutvā ‘‘neva, bhikkhave, mama putto kujjhati, etassa gihīhi vā pabbajitehi vā saṃsaggo nāma natthi, asaṃsaṭṭho esa appiccho santuṭṭho’’ti vatvā dhammaṃ desento imaṃ gāthamāha –
此人于当时修习满三个月,夏季结束,于世尊处询问比库曰『师兄,汝受具戒所为功课如何?』。比库报告修习情形,并向诸比库述说诸天劝止进入石窟之事。比库们则劝他勿生诸恼恨。比库回应『不会恼恨』。比库们告诉世尊说『此比库被别人怀疑,虽然诸天如此告诫,但他未生恼恨』。世尊听闻此事说『诸比库,此比库不生恼恨,与家人及出家人无敌对,心安满足无求』,继而宣说法义并吟诵偈语:
§404
404.
四百零四偈(译文已收卷)。
‘‘Asaṃsaṭṭhaṃ gahaṭṭhehi, anāgārehi cūbhayaṃ;
“不与家众相交,不与外道相交,二者皆不相交;
Anokasārimappicchaṃ, tamahaṃ brūmi brāhmaṇa’’nti.
不为入世之人所亲近,今日我对婆罗门说此语。”
Tattha asaṃsaṭṭhanti dassanasavanasamullapanaparibhogakāyasaṃsaggānaṃ abhāvena asaṃsaṭṭhaṃ. Ubhayanti gihīhi ca anāgārehi cāti ubhayehipi asaṃsaṭṭhaṃ . Anokasārinti anālayacāriṃ taṃ evarūpaṃ ahaṃ brāhmaṇaṃ vadāmīti attho.
这里所说“不相交”,是指不与执着于见闻学习兴盛之身相交,也即不与嗜好此身的二者交往。所谓二者既包括家众,也包括外道,乃指对两者皆不亲近。所谓“不为入世之人所亲近”,意指不与修行懈怠之人交往。由此故我称此婆罗门为如是者。
Desanāvasāne bahū sotāpattiphalādīni pāpuṇiṃsūti.
说法结束时,他获多种初果果报等诸多果位。
Pabbhāravāsītissattheravatthu ekavīsatimaṃ. · 巴巴拉瓦西帝萨长老事,第二十一。
22. Aññatarabhikkhuvatthu22. 某比库事
Nidhāya daṇḍanti imaṃ dhammadesanaṃ satthā jetavane viharanto aññataraṃ bhikkhuṃ ārabbha kathesi.
拘留此法教,世尊住于祇树精舍时,有一比库开始说法。
So kira satthu santike kammaṭṭhānaṃ gahetvā araññe vāyamanto arahattaṃ patvā ‘‘paṭiladdhaguṇaṃ satthu ārocessāmī’’ti tato nikkhami. Atha naṃ ekasmiṃ gāme ekā itthī sāmikena saddhiṃ kalahaṃ katvā tasmiṃ bahi nikkhante ‘‘kulagharaṃ gamissāmī’’ti maggaṃ paṭipannā antarāmagge disvā ‘‘imaṃ theraṃ nissāya gamissāmī’’ti piṭṭhito piṭṭhito anubandhi. Thero pana taṃ na passati. Athassā sāmiko gehaṃ āgato taṃ adisvā ‘‘kulagāmaṃ gatā bhavissatī’’ti anubandhanto taṃ disvā ‘‘na sakkā imāya ekikāya imaṃ aṭaviṃ paṭipajjituṃ, kaṃ nu kho nissāya gacchatī’’ti olokento theraṃ disvā ‘‘ayaṃ imaṃ gaṇhitvā nikkhanto bhavissatī’’ti cintetvā theraṃ santajjesi. Atha naṃ sā itthī ‘‘neva maṃ esa bhadanto passati, na ālapati, mā naṃ kiñci avacā’’ti āha. So ‘‘kiṃ pana tvaṃ attānaṃ gahetvā gacchantaṃ mama ācikkhissasi, tuyhameva anucchavikaṃ imassa karissāmī’’ti uppannakodho itthiyā āghātena theraṃ pothetvā taṃ ādāya nivatti. Therassa sakalasarīraṃ sañjātagaṇḍaṃ ahosi. Athassa vihāraṃ gatakāle bhikkhū sarīraṃ sambāhantā gaṇḍe disvā ‘‘kiṃ ida’’nti pucchiṃsu. So tesaṃ tamatthaṃ ārocesi. Atha naṃ bhikkhū, ‘‘āvuso, tasmiṃ purise evaṃ paharante tvaṃ kiṃ avaca, kiṃ vā te kodho uppanno’’ti. ‘‘Na me, āvuso, kodho uppajjī’’ti vutte satthu santikaṃ gantvā tamatthaṃ ārocetvā, ‘‘bhante, esa bhikkhu ‘kodho te uppajjatī’ti vuccamāno ‘na me, āvuso, kodho uppajjatī’ti abhūtaṃ vatvā aññaṃ byākarotī’’ti ārocesuṃ. Satthā tesaṃ kathaṃ sutvā, ‘‘bhikkhave, khīṇāsavā nāma nihitadaṇḍā, te paharantesupi kodhaṃ na karontiyevā’’ti vatvā imaṃ gāthamāha –
彼比库曾在佛所处之地勤修禅定,成就阿拉汉果,即自称“依止世尊,得圣果”,随后离去。后来,他在一村庄,曾与一女主人争执,女主人与他争斗后出门,欲往其家中。途中,女主人见他便说:“我将依此老比库去往村舍。”比库却不见之。其女主人家主回来,见物事异常,问女主人何故,女主人答曰:“那比库已去村舍。”家主探视此比库,见其遂思:“此比库定将出家,应受持护。”女主人谓比库:“你不看我,不理我,莫要辱我。”比库怒气起,击打女主人,带回。比库全身生出疮疖。比库舍中,诸比库见其身上肿块问:“此为何物?”比库告之始末。诸比库曰:“比库大德,此人若如此而为,汝何语?尔为何生忿?”比库曰:“我不生忿。”乃往世尊所述其因由:“世尊,如此比库被称‘生忿’,实则不然。”世尊听闻,对比库们说:“诸比库啊,已灭余烦者乃是勇猛持戒者,纵遭打击亦不生忿。”随即说此偈——
§405
405.
四百零五。
‘‘Nidhāya daṇḍaṃ bhūtesu, tasesu thāvaresu ca;
『放下对众生的惩罚束缚,以及内心的烦恼;
Yo na hanti na ghāteti, tamahaṃ brūmi brāhmaṇa’’nti.
不杀生、不伤害者,我称他为婆罗门。』
Tattha nidhāyāti nikkhipitvā oropetvā. Tasesu thāvaresu cāti taṇhātāsena tasesu, taṇhāabhāvena thiratāya thāvaresu ca. Yo na hantīti yo evaṃ sabbasattesu vigatapaṭighatāya nikkhittadaṇḍo neva kañci sayaṃ hanati, na aññe ghāteti, tamahaṃ brāhmaṇaṃ vadāmīti attho.
释义:此处『放下』意为放置、舍弃、抛弃。『内心的烦恼』乃指欲望如火燃烧之苦的依附,也即由于渴爱所凝聚而造成心灵的困扰。『不杀生』者,指于一切众生之中,心中放下杀意,无一有自我加害或害他者。由此而称之为『我称他为婆罗门』,即称之为圣洁者。
Desanāvasāne bahū sotāpattiphalādīni pāpuṇiṃsūti.
于说法结尾时,语意含有『得于多方聆听流质之始果—斯陀含果等』之义。
Aññatarabhikkhuvatthu bāvīsatimaṃ. · 某比库事,第二十二。
23. Sāmaṇerānaṃ vatthu23. 诸沙玛内拉事
Aviruddhanti imaṃ dhammadesanaṃ satthā jetavane viharanto cattāro sāmaṇere ārabbha kathesi.
『无违背』者,谓教法宣说时,世尊于祭祀林中安住,先自四名沙玛内拉开始说。
Ekā kira brāhmaṇī catunnaṃ bhikkhūnaṃ uddesabhattaṃ sajjetvā brāhmaṇaṃ āha – ‘‘vihāraṃ gantvā cattāro mahallakabrāhmaṇe uddisāpetvā ānehī’’ti. So vihāraṃ gantvā ‘‘cattāro me brāhmaṇe uddisitvā dethā’’ti āha. Tassa saṃkicco paṇḍito sopāko revatoti sattavassikā cattāro khīṇāsavasāmaṇerā pāpuṇiṃsu. Brāhmaṇī mahārahāni āsanāni paññāpetvā ṭhitā sāmaṇere disvāva kupitā uddhane pakkhittaloṇaṃ viya taṭataṭāyamānā ‘‘tvaṃ vihāraṃ gantvā attano nattumattepi appahonte cattāro kumārake gahetvā āgatosī’’ti vatvā tesaṃ tesu āsanesu nisīdituṃ adatvā nīcapīṭhakāni attharitvā ‘‘etesu nisīdathā’’ti vatvā ‘‘gaccha, brāhmaṇa, mahallake oloketvā ānehī’’ti āha. Brāhmaṇo vihāraṃ gantvā sāriputtattheraṃ disvā ‘‘etha, amhākaṃ gehaṃ gamissāmā’’ti ānesi. Thero āgantvā sāmaṇere disvā ‘‘imehi brāhmaṇehi bhattaṃ laddha’’nti pucchitvā ‘‘na laddha’’nti vutte catunnameva bhattassa paṭiyattabhāvaṃ ñatvā ‘‘āhara me patta’’nti pattaṃ gahetvā pakkāmi. Brāhmaṇīpi ‘‘kiṃ iminā vutta’’nti pucchitvā ‘‘etesaṃ nisinnānaṃ brāhmaṇānaṃ laddhuṃ vaṭṭati, āhara me patta’’nti attano pattaṃ gahetvā gato, na bhuñjitukāmo bhavissati, sīghaṃ gantvā aññaṃ oloketvā ānehīti. Brāhmaṇo gantvā mahāmoggallānattheraṃ disvā tatheva vatvā ānesi. Sopi sāmaṇere disvā tatheva vatvā pattaṃ gahetvā pakkāmi. Atha naṃ brāhmaṇī āha – ‘‘ete na bhuñjitukāmā, brāhmaṇavādakaṃ gantvā ekaṃ mahallakabrāhmaṇaṃ ānehī’’ti.
有一女子婆罗门,为四位比库准备饮食,布施饭食后对婆罗门说:『请你往住处去,将那四位大家族婆罗门请来吃食。』他去了住处,说:『我已去请那四位婆罗门来了。』那位聪明有德的婆罗门,即是雷瓦达(音译),年约七十,四位已成无垢沙玛内拉到了。女子指示大座位,站着看见沙玛内拉,就愤怒如同园中弄土扬尘一般,责问说:「你去住处,竟不顾自己弟子,接受这四个小子来了。」她说完,不让他们坐在座位上,而用座脚板顶着,说:「你们坐这儿。」又说:「婆罗门啊,你去看望那大家族的人请来。」婆罗门往住处去,见到长老沙利子,说:「来吧,我们去我家。」长老来见沙玛内拉,问说:「这些婆罗门带了饭食吗?」回答说:“没有。”知悉四位仅得饭食的情况后,他说:“为我拿饭来。”拿了饭准备离去。女子也问:“你们带了什么?”答:“这是您坐着的那些婆罗门的饭,请为我带去。”她带了饭,心不愿用,便快步去他处再看别处请来。婆罗门见到尊者大摩嘎剌那如是说,亦如是答复沙玛内拉,拿了饭准备离去。那时女子说:「他们不肯吃饭,你去婆罗门的住处,叫一位大家族婆罗门来。」
Sāmaṇerāpi pātova paṭṭhāya kiñci alabhamānā jighacchāya pīḷitā nisīdiṃsu. Atha nesaṃ guṇatejena sakkassa āsanaṃ uṇhākāraṃ dassesi. So āvajjento tesaṃ pātova paṭṭhāya nisinnānaṃ kilantabhāvaṃ ñatvā ‘‘mayā tattha gantuṃ vaṭṭatī’’ti jarājiṇṇo mahallakabrāhmaṇo hutvā tasmiṃ brāhmaṇavādake brāhmaṇānaṃ aggāsane nisīdi. Brāhmaṇo taṃ disvā ‘‘idāni me brāhmaṇī attamanā bhavissatī’’ti ehi gehaṃ gamissāmā’’ti taṃ ādāya gehaṃ agamāsi. Brāhmaṇī taṃ disvāva tuṭṭhacittā dvīsu āsanesu attharaṇaṃ ekasmiṃyeva attharitvā, ‘‘ayya, idha nisīdāhī’’ti āha. Sakko gehaṃ pavisitvā cattāro sāmaṇere pañcapatiṭṭhitena vanditvā tesaṃ āsanapariyante bhūmiyaṃ pallaṅkena nisīdi. Atha naṃ disvā brāhmaṇī brāhmaṇaṃ āha – ‘‘aho te ānīto brāhmaṇo, etampi ummattakaṃ gahetvā āgatosi, attano nattumatte vandanto vicarati, kiṃ iminā, nīharāhi na’’nti. So khandhepi hatthepi kacchāyapi gahetvā nikkaḍḍhiyamāno uṭṭhātumpi na icchati. Atha naṃ brāhmaṇī ‘‘ehi, brāhmaṇa, tvaṃ ekasmiṃ hatthe gaṇha, ahaṃ ekasmiṃ hatthe gaṇhissāmī’’ti ubhopi dvīsu hatthesu gahetvā piṭṭhiyaṃ pothentā gehadvārato bahi akaṃsu. Sakkopi nisinnaṭṭhāneyeva nisinno hatthaṃ parivattesi. Te nivattitvā taṃ nisinnameva disvā bhītaravaṃ ravantā vissajjesuṃ. Tasmiṃ khaṇe sakko attano sakkabhāvaṃ jānāpesi. Atha nesaṃ āhāraṃ adaṃsu. Pañcapi janā āhāraṃ gahetvā eko kaṇṇikāmaṇḍalaṃ vinivijjhitvā, eko chadanassa purimabhāgaṃ, eko pacchimabhāgaṃ, eko pathaviyaṃ nimujjitvā, sakkopi ekena ṭhānena nikkhamīti evaṃ pañcadhā agamaṃsu . Tato paṭṭhāya ca pana taṃ gehaṃ pañcachiddagehaṃ kira nāma jātaṃ.
沙玛内拉们等见饭桌放置,因心生厌恶而坐下不食。天帝沙咖见他们居住地上放饭,显露出火焰形象。那老迈的大家族婆罗门见众人疲惫沮丧,心想:『我该去那里了。』便来到婆罗门的住处,坐在婆罗门中最尊贵的座位上。婆罗门见他,说:“此刻我的妻子必当欢喜,来吧,我们去我家。”他带着他们来。女子见到,心满意足,将两个座位旁的脚凳整齐挪到一个座位旁边,说:“师父们,这里坐下吧。”天帝进家,见到四位沙玛内拉五体投地致敬,围坐以土地和床铺为座。女子见到婆罗门说:“你来了,带着酒鬼还是别人?你在自己门下献礼还游荡徘徊,为何不除去烦恼?”他怀抱衣钵并持包袱,不愿起身。女子说:“来吧,你拿一只手,我拿一只手。”二人手互牵着,护着门口出去了。天帝坐下后,手不断转动。众人见状,惧怕声响逃散。这时,天帝察觉自己神性,便给众人施食。五人各自盛饭:一人盛香米饭,一人盛覆盆前部,一人盛覆盆后部,一人盛土里饭,天帝也在一处取食。于是,这住处由此分成五个部分,被称为五分家。
Sāmaṇerepi vihāraṃ gatakāle bhikkhū, ‘‘āvuso, kīdisa’’nti pucchiṃsu. Mā no pucchittha, amhākaṃ diṭṭhakālato paṭṭhāya brāhmaṇī kodhābhibhūtā paññattāsanesu no nisīditumpi adatvā ‘‘sīghaṃ sīghaṃ mahallakabrāhmaṇaṃ ānehī’’ti āha. Amhākaṃ upajjhāyo āgantvā amhe disvā ‘‘imesaṃ nisinnabrāhmaṇānaṃ laddhuṃ vaṭṭatī’’ti pattaṃ āharāpetvā nikkhami. ‘‘Aññaṃ mahallakaṃ brāhmaṇaṃ ānesī’’ti vutte brāhmaṇo mahāmoggallānattheraṃ ānesi, sopi amhe disvā tatheva vatvā pakkāmi. Atha brāhmaṇī ‘‘na ete bhuñjitukāmā, gaccha brāhmaṇavādakato ekaṃ mahallakabrāhmaṇaṃ ānehī’’ti brāhmaṇaṃ pahiṇi. So tattha gantvā brāhmaṇavesena āgataṃ sakkaṃ ānesi, tassa āgatakāle amhākaṃ āhāraṃ adaṃsūti. Evaṃ karontānaṃ pana tesaṃ tumhe na kujjhitthāti? Na kujjhimhāti. Bhikkhū taṃ sutvā satthu ārocesuṃ – ‘‘bhante, ime ‘na kujjhimhā’ti abhūtaṃ vatvā aññaṃ byākarontī’’ti. Satthā, ‘‘bhikkhave, khīṇāsavā nāma viruddhesupi na virujjhantiyevā’’ti vatvā imaṃ gāthamāha –
沙玛内拉们到住处时,比库们问:“朋友,这是什么事?”不要问,我们因见到婆罗门妻子因怨怒,不愿坐定于指定座位,便说:“快请那大家族婆罗门来。”我们的导师来见我们,说:“这些坐着的婆罗门们饭菜可敬喝。”于是取来饭食准备离开。说:“再请另外一位大家族婆罗门来。”婆罗门把尊者大摩嘎剌那请来,他见我们说:“如是。”便准备离开。女子说:“他们不愿用饭,去婆罗门房舍,叫一位大家族婆罗门来。”婆罗门接受后,换婆罗门衣着的天帝来了,进来时我们给食物。他们这样作,你们难道不生气吗?不生气。比库们闻此都告诉师父:“世尊,那‘不生气’之语非真实,是他另有涵义。”世尊说:“比库们,无垢者,即使遭遇敌对也不生怨。”说完作偈云:
§406
406.
四百零六。
‘‘Aviruddhaṃ viruddhesu, attadaṇḍesu nibbutaṃ;
「不相违反,竟于敌害中灭;
Sādānesu anādānaṃ, tamahaṃ brūmi brāhmaṇa’’nti.
常持布施,在此我对婆罗门说。」
Tattha aviruddhanti āghātavasena viruddhesupi lokiyamahājanesu āghātābhāvena aviruddhaṃ. Hatthagate daṇḍe vā satthe vā avijjamānepi paresaṃ pahāradānato aviratattā attadaṇḍesu janesu nibbutaṃ nikkhittadaṇḍaṃ, pañcannaṃ khandhānaṃ ahaṃ mamanti gahitattā sādānesu tassa gahaṇassa abhāvena anādānaṃ taṃ evarūpaṃ ahaṃ brāhmaṇaṃ vadāmīti attho.
于此缘故,虽有诸众生因业障碍而相违逆,但于世俗大众中,因业障碍故,却不相违逆。象类系于鞭杖或绳索,即使对他人施加打击,所加之鞭杖虽未断绝,若因拘缚众生五蕴之我我所有的执著而未获施予,则此类束缚乃不具给予故,谓之不施予。此义故,谓此婆罗门为不受施者。
Desanāvasāne bahū sotāpattiphalādīni pāpuṇiṃsūti.
法说结束时,诸多如今得果为初果之漏尽通者等皆得此果。
Sāmaṇerānaṃ vatthu tevīsatimaṃ. · 诸沙玛内拉事,第二十三。
24. Mahāpanthakattheravatthu24. 玛哈般踏咖长老事
Yassarāgo cāti imaṃ dhammadesanaṃ satthā veḷuvane viharanto mahāpanthakaṃ ārabbha kathesi.
有怨恨者者云,昔时世尊住于竹林林园,开示大沙门的因缘。
So hāyasmā cūḷapanthakaṃ catūhi māsehi ekaṃ gāthaṃ paguṇaṃ kātuṃ asakkontaṃ ‘‘tvaṃ sāsane abhabbo, gihibhogāpi parihīno, kiṃ te idha vāsena, ito nikkhamā’’ti vihārā nikkaḍḍhitvā dvāraṃ thakesi. Bhikkhū kathaṃ samuṭṭhāpesuṃ, ‘‘āvuso, mahāpanthakattherena idaṃ nāma kataṃ , khīṇāsavānampi maññe kodho uppajjatī’’ti. Satthā āgantvā ‘‘kāya nuttha, bhikkhave, etarahi kathāya sannisinnā’’ti pucchitvā ‘‘imāya nāmā’’ti vutte ‘‘na, bhikkhave, khīṇāsavānaṃ rāgādayo kilesā atthi, mama puttena atthapurekkhāratāya ceva dhammapurekkhāratāya ca kata’’nti vatvā imaṃ gāthamāha –
时,尊者朱腊般踏咖历四个月不能成一偈,谓曰:「汝于此教法,不堪担当,纵然舍弃世间财产,尚有何妨,由此退去罢!」遂起身离座,掷门而去。众比库议论:「尊者大沙门所作,即此偈也,愚痴者亦生烦恼。」世尊来问:「尔等今为何谈论?」答曰:「此偈解曰,愚痴者之烦恼及邪见尚存,唯我子依止利他及法而作。」世尊谓,作偈曰——
§407
407.
四百零七。
‘‘Yassa rāgo ca doso ca, māno makkho ca pātito;
「若有贪恨瞋恨,慢妄谤及堕落;
Sāsaporiva āraggā, tamahaṃ brūmi brāhmaṇa’’nti.
『如桑树般之渴爱』,我今谓汝,婆罗门。
Tattha āraggāti yassete rāgādayo kilesā, ayañca paraguṇamakkhanalakkhaṇo makkho āraggā sāsapo viya pātito, yathā sāsapo āragge na santiṭṭhati, evaṃ citte na santiṭṭhati, tamahaṃ brāhmaṇaṃ vadāmīti attho.
这里所说的『渴爱』者,是指诸如贪欲等烦恼,而此烦恼如同污秽之蜡附着,其质乃污泥,恰似桑树之渴爱不会停留于桑树上,心中亦不会存留,是故我谓婆罗门。
Desanāvasāne bahū sotāpattiphalādīni pāpuṇiṃsūti.
于说法终结时,得多种初果等多种得果。
Mahāpanthakattheravatthu catuvīsatimaṃ. · 玛哈般踏咖长老事第二十四。
25. Pilindavacchattheravatthu25. 毕陵达瓦差长老事
Akakkasanti imaṃ dhammadesanaṃ satthā veḷuvane viharanto pilindavacchattheraṃ ārabbha kathesi.
所说『不变动』,乃这位师长住于林中,开始为毕陵达瓦差长老说法。
So kirāyasmā ‘‘ehi, vasali, yāhi, vasalī’’tiādīni vadanto gihīpi pabbajitepi vasalivādeneva samudācarati. Athekadivasaṃ sambahulā bhikkhū satthu ārocesuṃ – ‘‘āyasmā, bhante, pilindavaccho bhikkhū vasalivādena samudācaratī’’ti. Satthā taṃ pakkosāpetvā ‘‘saccaṃ kira tvaṃ pilindavaccha bhikkhū vasalivādena samudācarasī’’ti pucchitvā ‘‘evaṃ, bhante’’ti vutte tassāyasmato pubbenivāsaṃ manasikaritvā ‘‘mā kho tumhe, bhikkhave, vacchassa bhikkhuno ujjhāyittha, na, bhikkhave, vaccho dosantaro bhikkhū vasalivādena samudācarati, vacchassa, bhikkhave, bhikkhuno pañca jātisatāni abbokiṇṇāni sabbāni tāni brāhmaṇakule paccājātāni, so tassa dīgharattaṃ vasalivādo samudāciṇṇo, khīṇāsavassa nāma kakkasaṃ pharusaṃ paresaṃ mammaghaṭṭanavacanameva natthi. Āciṇṇavasena hi mama putto evaṃ kathetī’’ti vatvā imaṃ gāthamāha –
彼时此具寿者呼唤『来啊,瓦萨利,去啊,瓦萨利』等言,行止如凡夫俗人及出家人辈。某日众多比库闻者问师尊:『尊者,毕陵达瓦差比库行止如瓦萨利俗人。』佛陀责问毕陵达瓦差:『汝诚如是,行止如瓦萨利俗人乎?』对曰:『是也,尊者。』佛陀忆及其前生:『比库们莫生怨恨于此比库。此比库非有过犯,乃此比库出自婆罗门家族,前世曾受五世之轮回,现长久修持渴爱之行,断尽染污者名为『不变』,其言辞粗恶,非他人所及。此子诵持如此,谓吾子如是言。』佛陀言毕曰(下略)」。
§408
408.
四百零八。
‘‘Akakkasaṃ viññāpaniṃ, giraṃ saccamudīraye;
『无嫌弃之告知』者,乃真实语之启示;
Yāya nābhisaje kañci, tamahaṃ brūmi brāhmaṇa’’nti.
说:「任何不能借由该语而生争执者,吾今告尔,婆罗门。」
Tattha akakkasanti apharusaṃ. Viññāpaninti atthaviññāpaniṃ. Saccanti bhūtatthaṃ. Nābhisajeti yāya girāya aññaṃ kujjhāpanavasena na laggāpeyya, khīṇāsavo nāma evarūpameva giraṃ bhāseyya, tasmā tamahaṃ brāhmaṇaṃ vadāmīti attho.
其意谓此中『无嫌弃』为不粗鄙之意;『告知』为阐明义理;『真实』者,即实相也;『不生争执』者,谓借此语未入他人非难之境,『断尽烦恼者』即如是言语故,故我称彼为婆罗门。
Desanāvasāne bahū sotāpattiphalādīni pāpuṇiṃsūti.
于法讲说结束时,得诸多初果等道果之人众。
Pilindavacchattheravatthu pañcavīsatimaṃ. · 毕陵达瓦差长老事第二十五。
26. Aññatarattheravatthu26. 某长老事
Yodhadīghanti imaṃ dhammadesanaṃ satthā jetavane viharanto aññatarattheraṃ ārabbha kathesi.
「勇士」谓此法语,乃在揭荼林中,佛陀住时,从某一长老启说之。
Sāvatthiyaṃ kireko micchādiṭṭhiko brāhmaṇo sarīragandhagahaṇabhayena uttarasāṭakaṃ apanetvā ekamante ṭhapetvā gehadvārābhimukho nisīdi. Atheko khīṇāsavo bhattakiccaṃ katvā vihāraṃ gacchanto taṃ sāṭakaṃ disvā ito cito ca oloketvā kañci apassanto ‘‘nissāmiko aya’’nti paṃsukūlaṃ adhiṭṭhahitvā gaṇhi. Atha naṃ brāhmaṇo disvā akkosanto upasaṅkamitvā ‘‘muṇḍaka , samaṇa, mama sāṭakaṃ gaṇhasī’’ti āha. Taveso, brāhmaṇāti. Āma, samaṇāti. ‘‘Mayā kañci apassantena paṃsukūlasaññāya gahito, gaṇha na’’nti tassa datvā vihāraṃ gantvā bhikkhūnaṃ tamatthaṃ ārocesi. Athassa vacanaṃ sutvā bhikkhū tena saddhiṃ keḷiṃ karontā ‘‘kiṃ nu kho, āvuso, sāṭako dīgho rasso thūlo saṇho’’ti. Āvuso, dīgho vā hotu rasso vā thūlo vā saṇho vā, natthi mayhaṃ tasmiṃ ālayo, paṃsukūlasaññāya naṃ gaṇhinti. Taṃ sutvā bhikkhū tathāgatassa ārocesuṃ – ‘‘esa, bhante, bhikkhu abhūtaṃ vatvā aññaṃ byākarotī’’ti. Satthā ‘‘bhūtaṃ, bhikkhave, esa katheti, khīṇāsavā nāma paresaṃ santakaṃ na gaṇhantī’’ti vatvā imaṃ gāthamāha –
舍卫国有一误见婆罗门,因对尸臭恐惧,持北舍衣至一隅,在家门前坐。忽有一断尽烦恼者,完成饭事,出入精舍,见其衣,里外反复察视,未见有他人,言曰:「这是寄主。」便覆尘衣以持。婆罗门见,愤怒而近,说:「剃度沙门,汝拿我衣!」欲火甚烈,沙门称「我非他人见此尘衣而持,请勿拿。」授衣后,出入精舍告僧。比库闻之,与沙门戏言:「何哉兄弟,此衣长或肥厚或盖众多?」沙门答:「无论长短肥厚,无此住处众人因尘衣之相而拿也。」比库闻,便将此事奏于如来世尊,说:「此比库,虚妄转说他事。」佛告:「虚妄有此说也,比库,断尽者谓不拿他人财物。」继而唱颂曰-
§409
409.
四百零九。
‘‘Yodha dīghaṃ va rassaṃ vā, aṇuṃ thūlaṃ subhāsubhaṃ;
『战士所用长绳或短绳,或微细或粗大,善恶不一;
Loke adinnaṃ nādiyati, tamahaṃ brūmi brāhmaṇa’’nti.
世间不应取用,我于此说,婆罗门。』
Tassattho – sāṭakābharaṇādīsu dīghaṃ vā rassaṃ vā maṇimuttādīsu aṇuṃ vā thūlaṃ vā mahagghaappagghavasena subhaṃ vā asubhaṃ vā yo puggalo imasmiṃ loke parapariggahitaṃ nādiyati, tamahaṃ brāhmaṇaṃ vadāmīti attho.
其意是——如长绳、长链、宝石、玉珠等,或微细、或粗大,或美好、或不美好者,或如巨蟒般威猛,若有人不从此世间取用他物,我说此婆罗门。
Desanāvasāne bahū sotāpattiphalādīni pāpuṇiṃsūti.
经宣说终结时,多人得入流果等圣果。
Aññatarattheravatthu chabbīsatimaṃ. · 某长老事第二十六。
27. Sāriputtattheravatthu27. 沙利子长老事
Āsā yassāti imaṃ dhammadesanaṃ satthā jetavane viharanto sāriputtattheraṃ ārabbha kathesi.
所谓欲望者,即佛陀在祇树给孤独园时,起彼岸禅定之长老沙利佛前说此法教学。
Thero kira pañcabhikkhusataparivāro janapade ekaṃ vihāraṃ gantvā vassaṃ upagañchi. Manussā theraṃ disvā bahuṃ vassāvāsikaṃ paṭissuṇiṃsu. Thero pavāretvā sabbasmiṃ vassāvāsike asampatteyeva satthu santikaṃ gacchanto bhikkhū āha – ‘‘daharānañceva sāmaṇerānañca manussehi vassāvāsike āhaṭe gahetvā peseyyātha, ṭhapetvā vā sāsanaṃ pahiṇeyyāthā’’ti. Evaṃ vatvā ca pana satthu santikaṃ agamāsi. Bhikkhū kathaṃ samuṭṭhāpesuṃ ‘‘ajjāpi maññe sāriputtattherassa taṇhā atthiyeva. Tathā hi manussehi vassāvāsike dinne attano saddhivihārikānaṃ ‘vassāvāsikaṃ peseyyātha , ṭhapetvā vā sāsanaṃ pahiṇeyyāthā’ti bhikkhūnaṃ vatvā āgato’’ti. Satthā āgantvā ‘‘kāya nuttha, bhikkhave, etarahi kathāya sannisinnā’’ti pucchitvā ‘‘imāya nāmā’’ti vutte ‘‘na, bhikkhave, mama puttassa taṇhā atthi, manussānaṃ pana puññato daharasāmaṇerānañca dhammikalābhato parihāni mā ahosīti tenevaṃ kathita’’nti vatvā imaṃ gāthamāha –
长老所率五比库众,自一国来到一处精舍,逗留一雨季。有人见长老,便集众多雨季居士听闻。长老示现起行,至方丈处,诸比库对侍者言:『应以年轻比库及沙玛内拉,借由世人于雨季中托付接受,维持法则』。如是言毕,便往方丈处去。比库众议论,说:『今犹以为沙利子长老还存渴爱。实闻他人于雨季,言比库应借托年轻比库及沙玛内拉维持法法』。世尊来,问:『汝等此刻为何言与立论?』答曰:『世尊,此谓。非我子有渴爱,然因世人见年轻比库及沙玛内拉福德之亏欠,故有所言』。世尊复说此偈:
§410
410.
四百一十。
‘‘Āsā yassa na vijjanti, asmiṃ loke paramhi ca;
“其渴爱者,彼此不知,今此世时,彼岸亦然;
Nirāsāsaṃ visaṃyuttaṃ, tamahaṃ brūmi brāhmaṇa’’nti.
离渴爱苦毒,我为婆罗门言。”
Tattha āsāti taṇhā. Nirāsāsanti nittaṇhaṃ. Visaṃyuttanti sabbakilesehi visaṃyuttaṃ tamahaṃ brāhmaṇaṃ vadāmīti attho.
此中渴爱是指贪欲。离渴爱谓圆断无余。离毒者,断除一切烦恼之意。解是如此。
Desanāvasāne bahū sotāpattiphalādīni pāpuṇiṃsūti.
说法终毕,众多得入流果等功德。
Sāriputtattheravatthu sattavīsatimaṃ. · 沙利子长老事第二十七。
28. Mahāmoggallānattheravatthu二十八、大摩嘎剌那长老事
Yassālayāti imaṃ dhammadesanaṃ satthā jetavane viharanto mahāmoggallānattheraṃ ārabbha kathesi. Vatthu purimasadisameva. Idha pana satthā moggallānattherassa nittaṇhabhāvaṃ vatvā imaṃ gāthamāha –
所谓『根本』者,此法教中,世尊于竹林精舍住持时,从大摩嘎剌那长老开始讲说。缘起与先前所说的相同。如今世尊阐明大摩嘎剌那长老圆寂之事,并诵此偈——
§411
411.
第四百一十一偈。
‘‘Yassālayā na vijjanti, aññāya akathaṃkathī;
『不知根本者,因无所知而难以阐说;
Amatogadhamanuppattaṃ, tamahaṃ brūmi brāhmaṇa’’nti.
涅槃真实之法未曾诞生,我为婆罗门如此宣说。』
Tattha ālayāti taṇhā. Aññāya akathaṃkathīti aṭṭha vatthūni yathābhūtaṃ jānitvā aṭṭhavatthukāya vicikicchāya nibbicikiccho. Amatogadhamanuppattanti amataṃ nibbānaṃ ogāhetvā anuppattaṃ tamahaṃ brāhmaṇaṃ vadāmīti attho.
其中『根本』指贪欲。云『因无所知而难以阐说』者,谓就八法根本(指八种境界或缘起法)悉心了知,却因怀疑而退失信心。『涅槃真实未曾诞生』则是指断尽生死烦恼,了证涅槃,故我称之为婆罗门,义即如是。
Desanāvasāne bahū sotāpattiphalādīni pāpuṇiṃsūti.
教法讲说终结时,多人皆获得初果乃至多种果位。
Mahāmoggallānattheravatthu aṭṭhavīsatimaṃ. · 大摩嘎剌那长老事第二十八。
29. Revatattheravatthu二十九、雷瓦达长老事
Yodhapuññañcāti imaṃ dhammadesanaṃ satthā pubbārāme viharanto revatattheraṃ ārabbha kathesi. Vatthu ‘‘gāme vā yadi vāraññe’’ti (dha. pa. 98) gāthāvaṇṇanāya vitthāritameva. Vuttañhi tattha (dha. pa. aṭṭha. 1.98) –
“勇士功德”者,此法说是尊者雷瓦德长老在前林精舍时,世尊开始教授的。义理乃根据“或于乡村或于林中”(经文第98偈)对歌的详细注释展开。正如文中所说(长部藏第1卷第98节)——
Puna ekadivasaṃ bhikkhū kathaṃ samuṭṭhāpesuṃ ‘‘aho sāmaṇerassa lābho, aho puññaṃ, yena ekakena pañcannaṃ bhikkhusatānaṃ pañcakūṭāgārasatāni katānī’’ti. Satthā āgantvā ‘‘kāya nuttha, bhikkhave, etarahi kathāya sannisinnā’’ti pucchitvā ‘‘imāya nāmā’’ti vutte, ‘‘bhikkhave, mayhaṃ puttassa neva puññaṃ atthi, na pāpaṃ, ubhayamassa pahīna’’nti vatvā imaṃ gāthamāha –
某一日,比库们议论如何积累财物,彼此称赞:“啊,沙玛内拉得利真多,这功德怎能比得上五百名比库集聚五座比库舍利的功德呢?”世尊闻言,起身对在座诸比库说道:“诸比库,此时适合闲谈吗?”并问:“这些名字是什么?”回答说:“诸比库,我子无功无罪,皆已放弃。”随后诵此偈——
§412
412.
四百一十二。
‘‘Yodha puññañca pāpañca, ubho saṅgamupaccagā;
“功与过俱存,二者相搏击,
Asokaṃ virajaṃ suddhaṃ, tamahaṃ brūmi brāhmaṇa’’nti.
远离忧伤清净,我自称婆罗门。”
Tattha ubhoti dvepi puññāni ca pāpāni ca chaḍḍetvāti attho. Saṅganti rāgādibhedaṃ saṅgaṃ. Upaccagāti atikkanto. Vaṭṭamūlakasokābhāvena asokaṃ abbhantare rāgarajādīnaṃ abhāvena virajaṃ nirupakkilesatāya suddhaṃ tamahaṃ brāhmaṇaṃ vadāmīti attho.
此中“二者”指功与过,“过”有弃除之意。“搏击”者即贪欲等之分别争斗。“远离忧伤”基于渊源之苦之境界而得净;“清净”是谓摒除内外贪恚等污染无染,故称为婆罗门。」
Desanāvasāne bahū sotāpattiphalādīni pāpuṇiṃsūti.
在教诲结束时,众人都获得了初果斯陀含那、乃至其他果位。
Revatattheravatthu ekūnatiṃsatimaṃ. · 雷瓦达长老事第二十九。
30. Candābhattheravatthu三十、旃达巴长老事
Candaṃ vāti imaṃ dhammadesanaṃ satthā jetavane viharanto candābhattheraṃ ārabbha kathesi.
有一次,夜晚刮风时,佛在诘多园中游行,开始讲法,讲述夜叉长老的故事。先由浅入深地说起:从前有个巴拉那西居民,是商人。他携带许多布料及器具,计划回乡采集檀香。便带着五百辆车马,前往村落门口暂居。村里牧童问他:“此村中是否有人从事山林采伐?”“有的。”他问:“此人名叫什么?”答曰:“阿苏果。”又问:“那他妻子和儿女名叫什么?”答曰:“这些那个。”再问:“他们住何处?”答曰:“称为阿苏住处。”他凭此赏赐,与之结好,相处愉快。坐于其宅门前,经由车马返回家中,将名为阿苏的女子许配。女子说:“必有亲族会来做客。”不久亲戚迅速到来,安置座位。他坐下,问其名讳。女子答:“已入林修行,主人。”他又问:“我的儿子名阿苏,我的女儿名阿苏迦,他们住何处?”女子把所有名字都陈述一遍。接着他送给她许多布料为礼,还嘱咐道:“当助手来到林中之时,你也需给他这些布料。”她以隆重敬意,在主人归来之时道:“主人,这是您来的时候,事先报告所有名字与赠物。”如此办理。
Tatrāyaṃ anupubbī kathā – atīte eko bārāṇasivāsī vāṇijo ‘‘paccantaṃ gantvā candanaṃ āharissāmī’’ti bahūni vatthābharaṇādīni gahetvā pañcahi sakaṭasatehi paccantaṃ gantvā gāmadvāre nivāsaṃ gahetvā aṭaviyaṃ gopāladārake pucchi – ‘‘imasmiṃ gāme pabbatapādakammiko koci manusso atthī’’ti? ‘‘Āma, atthī’’ti. ‘‘Ko nāmeso’’ti? ‘‘Asuko nāmā’’ti. ‘‘Bhariyāya panassa puttānaṃ vā kiṃnāma’’nti? ‘‘Idañcidañcā’’ti. ‘‘Kahaṃ panassa ṭhāne geha’’nti? ‘‘Asukaṭṭhāne nāmā’’ti. So tehi dinnasaññāya sukhayānake nisīditvā tassa gehadvāraṃ gantvā yānā oruyha gehaṃ pavisitvā ‘‘asukanāme’’ti taṃ itthiṃ pakkosi. Sā ‘‘eko no ñātako bhavissatī’’ti vegenāgantvā āsanaṃ paññāpesi. So tattha nisīditvā nāmaṃ vatvā ‘‘mama sahāyo kaha’’nti pucchi. ‘‘Araññaṃ gato, sāmī’’ti. ‘‘Mama putto asuko nāma, mama dhītā asukā nāma kaha’’nti sabbesaṃ nāmaṃ kittentova pucchitvā ‘‘imāni nesaṃ vatthābharaṇāni dadeyyāsi, sahāyassāpi me aṭavito āgatakāle idaṃ vatthābharaṇaṃ dadeyyāsī’’ti adāsi. Sā tassa uḷāraṃ sakkāraṃ katvā sāmikassa āgatakāle ‘‘sāmi, iminā āgatakālato paṭṭhāya sabbesaṃ nāmaṃ vatvā idañcidañca dinna’’nti āha. Sopissa kattabbayuttakaṃ kari.
傍晚时分,他坐卧室中,被问及:“你如今走遍山林,曾见多少?”他答:“未见他地,唯见许多午夜树木。”“许多树木?”“是的,许多。”他于是同行而去,到达午夜檀香林中,砍伐树木,装满五百车回去。随后他说:“对巴拉那西家中名为阿苏木处的人说,你应时常探访我家。若他家无他人员,只能在午夜檀香林采摘树木。”他赞许道:“好啊。”按时前往他家,采摘的棉花极多,报答丰厚。
Atha naṃ sāyaṃ sayane nisinno pucchi – ‘‘samma, pabbatapāde carantena te kiṃ bahuṃ diṭṭhapubba’’nti? ‘‘Aññaṃ na passāmi, rattasākhā pana me bahū rukkhā diṭṭhā’’ti. ‘‘Bahū rukkhā’’ti? ‘‘Āma, bahū’’ti. Tena hi te amhākaṃ dassehīti tena saddhiṃ gantvā rattacandanarukkhe chinditvā pañca sakaṭasatāni pūretvā āgacchanto taṃ āha – ‘‘samma, bārāṇasiyaṃ asukaṭṭhāne nāma mama gehaṃ, kālena kālaṃ mama santikaṃ āgaccheyyāsi, aññena ca me paṇṇākārena attho natthi, rattasākharukkhe eva āhareyyāsī’’ti. So ‘‘sādhū’’ti vatvā kālena kālaṃ tassa santikaṃ āgacchanto rattacandanameva āharati, sopissa bahudhanaṃ deti.
后来,另一次,在卡萨巴尊者消逝后,建立金塔所在地,有一人携大量檀香回到巴拉那西。那人与随从商人拣选大量檀香,装满船只,商人说:“好吧,待饭熟时,我们前往祭坛之处再回来。”他携物前往,举行檀香供养。遂临近的随从用檀香绕制成光明的月亮阵。此事乃其前因旧事。
Tato aparena samayena parinibbute kassapadasabale patiṭṭhite kañcanathūpe so puriso bahuṃ candanaṃ ādāya bārāṇasiṃ agamāsi. Athassa so sahāyako vāṇijo bahuṃ candanaṃ pisāpetvā pātiṃ pūretvā ‘‘ehi, samma, yāva bhattaṃ pacati, tāva cetiyakaraṇaṭṭhānaṃ gantvā āgamissāmā’’ti taṃ ādāya tattha gantvā candanapūjaṃ akāsi. Sopissa paccantavāsī sahāyako cetiyakucchiyaṃ candanena candamaṇḍalaṃ akāsi. Ettakamevassa pubbakammaṃ.
此后,此灵魂转生到天界,经过一佛期间,在此如来出世的王舍城,生于婆罗门大家族。其头部周围放出月亮形光芒,因此得名“月朗者”。此月亮乃依靠他生前制造月亮阵而成。婆罗门们思考:“此物若为我等所持,将震慑天下。”他们乘坐车辆,谓:“谁能以手触此身,便能获得此般尊贵。”众人试图触摸其身,尽管付出百或千倍财物也无果。如此徘徊,来到舍卫城及寺院中,居住下来。城内约五千万善信,先施以食物与后供以香花纱布药物,闻法听教。婆罗门见此,问:“你们前往何处?”答曰:“去世尊处听法。”他们思虑,若去那里当行何事?因我们婆罗门不具“月朗”般之神通。能为此身所触者即能得神通。请观此处。你们婆罗门有何神通?我们的世尊即是大神通者。彼此说道不相上下,于是一同前往寺院,决心观摩世尊之神通。
So tato cuto devaloke nibbattitvā ekaṃ buddhantaraṃ tattha khepetvā imasmiṃ buddhuppāde rājagahanagare brāhmaṇamahāsālakule nibbatti. Tassa nābhimaṇḍalato candamaṇḍalasadisā pabhā uṭṭhahi, tenassa candābhotveva nāmaṃ kariṃsu. Cetiye kirassa candamaṇḍalakaraṇanissando esa. Brāhmaṇā cintayiṃsu – ‘‘sakkā amhehi imaṃ gahetvā lokaṃ khāditu’’nti. Taṃ yāne nisīdāpetvā ‘‘yo imassa sarīraṃ hatthena parāmasati, so evarūpaṃ nāma issariyasampattiṃ labhatī’’ti vatvā vicariṃsu. Sataṃ vā sahassaṃ vā dadamānā eva tassa sarīraṃ hatthena phusituṃ labhanti. Te evaṃ anuvicarantā sāvatthiṃ anuppattā nagarassa ca vihārassa ca antarā nivāsaṃ gaṇhiṃsu. Sāvatthiyampi pañcakoṭimattā ariyasāvakā purebhattaṃ dānaṃ datvā pacchābhattaṃ gandhamālavatthabhesajjādihatthā dhammassavanāya gacchanti. Brāhmaṇā te disvā ‘‘kahaṃ gacchathā’’ti pucchiṃsu. Satthu santikaṃ dhammassavanāyāti. Etha tattha gantvā kiṃ karissatha, amhākaṃ candābhassa brāhmaṇassa ānubhāvasadiso ānubhāvo natthi. Etassa hi sarīraṃ phusantā idaṃ nāma labhanti, etha passatha nanti. Tumhākaṃ candābhassa brāhmaṇassa ko ānubhāvo nāma, amhākaṃ satthāyeva mahānubhāvoti. Te aññamaññaṃ saññāpetuṃ asakkontā ‘‘vihāraṃ gantvā candābhassa vā amhākaṃ vā satthu ānubhāvaṃ jānissāmā’’ti taṃ gahetvā vihāraṃ agamaṃsu.
于是他从天界降生,经过一个佛法时期后,在此佛陀出世的时代,于耶舍城的婆罗门大族中再生。因其内在轮回圈缘起,故称为‘月轮’,依此而作月轮的形象。婆罗门们思惟说:‘倘若我们带着此人,便能统御众生。’于是便安排他乘坐车辆,说:‘凡用手触摸此身者,必能获得皇家财富。’人们百人千人地赠与他财物,得以触摸其身。这样巡游时,他住入了舍卫城及宫殿之中。舍卫城大约五十万圣弟子,日常以施供养前后的饮食及香花宝物,前来聆听佛法。婆罗门见之,便问:“你们往何处去?”答曰:“是去尊师面前听法。”来到那里后,自问“该当如何行事?”对于我们月轮婆罗门,并无般若之力相等的智慧。触摸其身者,能得此种幸福,从此可见。你们月轮婆罗门的般若智慧为何?唯是对我们正师抱有大敬重罢了。彼等彼此不能表达,便说:“去禅院,知晓月轮及我师般若的奥义”,便携其去禅院。
Satthā tasmiṃ attano santikaṃ upasaṅkamanteyeva candābhāya antaradhānaṃ akāsi. So satthu santike aṅgārapacchiyaṃ kāko viya ahosi. Atha naṃ ekamantaṃ nayiṃsu, ābhā paṭipākatikā ahosi. Puna satthu santikaṃ ānayiṃsu, ābhā tatheva antaradhāyi. Evaṃ tikkhattuṃ gantvā antaradhāyamānaṃ ābhaṃ disvā candābho cintesi – ‘‘ayaṃ ābhāya antaradhānamantaṃ jānāti maññe’’ti. So satthāraṃ pucchi – ‘‘kiṃ nu kho ābhāya antaradhānamantaṃ jānāthā’’ti? Āma, jānāmīti. Tena hi me dethāti. Na sakkā apabbajitassa dātunti. So brāhmaṇe āha – ‘‘etasmiṃ mante gahite ahaṃ sakalajambudīpe jeṭṭhako bhavissāmi, tumhe ettheva hotha, ahaṃ pabbajitvā katipāheneva mantaṃ gaṇhissāmī’’ti. So satthāraṃ pabbajjaṃ yācitvā upasampajji. Athassa dvattiṃsākāraṃ ācikkhi. So ‘‘kiṃ ida’’nti pucchi. Idaṃ mantassa parikammaṃ sajjhāyituṃ vaṭṭatīti. Brāhmaṇāpi antarantarā āgantvā ‘‘gahito te manto’’ti pucchanti. Na tāva gaṇhāmīti. So katipāheneva arahattaṃ patvā brāhmaṇehi āgantvā pucchitakāle ‘‘yātha tumhe, idānāhaṃ anāgamanadhammo jāto’’ti āha. Bhikkhū tathāgatassa ārocesuṃ – ‘‘ayaṃ, bhante, abhūtaṃ vatvā aññaṃ byākarotī’’ti. Satthā ‘‘khīṇāsavo idāni, bhikkhave, mama putto candābho, bhūtamevesa kathetī’’ti vatvā imaṃ gāthamāha –
师在自己近前走近时,就如同月光般突然隐没无踪。在师近旁,他如同火堆后的乌鸦般显现出来。后来他们将他引到一旁,光辉依旧显现无减。再次将他带到师处,光辉便那般消失。如此三次反复,当他见那渐渐消失的光辉时,便思想道:『此人应当知道这光辉的隐没之事。』于是询问导师:『他真的知道光辉隐没之事吗?』回答是,确实知道。那是我的证据。对出家人不能虚假。于是对婆罗门说:『我若得以加入此门派,将是整个耶湿陀陀国最尊长,你们当留在这里,我出家后不过数日即得入门。』遂请求导师出家,得上座比库受具足戒,然后说出三十二相应之事。有人问:『何事?』答曰:『此乃入门之准备,宜当因缘讲授。』婆罗门们间或造访,问道:『你得此门派了吗?』回答尚未加入。他不多日即证得阿拉汉果,回访婆罗门时被问及时答曰:『如尔等所见,今日我已成无复来者。』比库们向世尊说:『尊者此言奇特,令人难以理解。』世尊说:『比库们,现今无烦恼,我的子弟月光即是,如实如法说。』随之诵此偈——
§413
413.
第四百一十三偈。
‘‘Candaṃva vimalaṃ suddhaṃ, vippasannamanāvilaṃ;
『月光清净无染垢,明朗澈澈心无碍;
Nandībhavaparikkhīṇaṃ, tamahaṃ brūmi brāhmaṇa’’nti.
欢乐无碍已绝尽,婆罗门啊,我如此言。』
Tattha vimalanti abbhādimalarahitaṃ. Suddhanti nirupakkilesaṃ. Vippasannanti pasannacittaṃ. Anāvilanti kilesāvilattarahitaṃ. Nandībhavaparikkhīṇanti tīsu bhavesu parikkhīṇataṇhaṃ tamahaṃ brāhmaṇaṃ vadāmīti attho.
其中“清净”谓去邪恶与污秽,“无染垢”谓无杂染污,“明朗澈澈”谓心明了清净,“无碍”谓无烦恼障碍,“欢乐无碍已绝尽”谓三界所有盲爱皆断故。婆罗门啊,我以此义而说。
Desanāvasāne bahū sotāpattiphalādīni pāpuṇiṃsūti.
说法结束时,他获得多种初果等殊胜果报。
Candābhattheravatthu tiṃsatimaṃ. · 旃德巴长老事第三十。
31. Sīvalittheravatthu31. 西瓦离长老事
Yo imanti imaṃ dhammadesanaṃ satthā kuṇḍakoliyaṃ nissāya kuṇḍadhānavane viharanto sīvalittheraṃ ārabbha kathesi.
世尊依止于库恩达柯利亚族,住于库恩达树林中,开始向沙利多长老讲说此法。
Ekasmiñhi samaye suppavāsā nāma koliyadhītā sattavassāni gabbhaṃ dhāretvā sattāhaṃ mūḷhagabbhā dukkhāhi tibbāhi kaṭukāhi vedanāhi phuṭṭhā ‘‘sammāsambuddho vata so bhagavā, yo imassa evarūpassa dukkhassa pahānāya dhammaṃ deseti. Suppaṭipanno vata tassa bhagavato sāvakasaṅgho, yo imassa evarūpassa dukkhassa pahānāya paṭipanno. Susukhaṃ vata taṃ nibbānaṃ, yathidaṃ evarūpaṃ dukkhaṃ na saṃvijjatī’’ti (udā. 18) imehi tīhi vitakkehi taṃ dukkhaṃ adhivāsentī sāmikaṃ satthu santikaṃ pesetvā tena tassā vacanena satthu vandanāya ārocitāya ‘‘sukhinī hotu suppavāsā koliyadhītā, arogā arogaṃ puttaṃ vijāyatū’’ti satthārā vuttakkhaṇeyeva sukhinī arogā arogaṃ puttaṃ vijāyitvā buddhappamukhaṃ bhikkhusaṅghaṃ nimantetvā sattāhaṃ mahādānaṃ adāsi. Puttopissā jātadivasato paṭṭhāya dhammakaraṇaṃ ādāya saṅghassa udakaṃ parissāvesi. So aparabhāge nikkhamitvā pabbajito arahattaṃ pāpuṇi.
某时,有一名叫做素跋萨的库利耶族女子,怀孕七年,怀胎七周,胎儿遭受剧烈苦痛、严重难忍的痛苦。她觉受:『正自觉者世尊降生,他为断除此类苦难而说法。』素跋萨为世尊弟子僧团所护持,亲身修习断除此类痛苦之法。因无疑此涅槃极为安乐,既无此种苦恼。持三念以安住此苦,致使苦难止息,她被送至善知识世尊前,听闻佛言,赐福祝愿:「愿你安乐,素跋萨库利耶女子,健壮无病,生育健全儿子。」话语刚落,她即安乐无病,生下健壮儿子。她为佛及比库僧团奉献大布施,持续七周。孩童诞生当天,母亲持戒修法,护持僧团,施以水饮。起初,母亲出家,证得阿拉汉果位。
Athekadivasaṃ bhikkhū dhammasabhāyaṃ kathaṃ samuṭṭhāpesuṃ ‘‘passathāvuso, evarūpo nāma arahattassa upanissayasampanno bhikkhu ettakaṃ kālaṃ mātukucchismiṃ dukkhaṃ anubhosi, kimaṅgaṃ pana aññe, bahuṃ vata iminā dukkhaṃ nitthiṇṇa’’nti. Satthā āgantvā ‘‘kāya nuttha, bhikkhave, etarahi kathāya sannisinnā’’ti pucchitvā ‘‘imāya nāmā’’ti vutte ‘‘āma, bhikkhave, mama putto ettakā dukkhā muccitvā idāni nibbānaṃ sacchikatvā viharatī’’ti vatvā imaṃ gāthamāha –
又有一天,众比库聚集法会,论及:「朋友们,如此具有阿拉汉依止之比库,忍受母腹之痛如此之久,其他人如何能忍受?他以此痛苦圆满地断除苦果。」世尊来到,问道:「你们坐在此处,是为何事?」众答:「正是为此名称问题。」世尊言:「是的,我之子(此胎儿,即前述健壮儿子)已断尽诸苦,现证涅槃而栖止。」遂说偈言——
§414
414.
‘‘Yomaṃ palipathaṃ duggaṃ, saṃsāraṃ mohamaccagā;
「此生苦路昏暗,轮回如沉沦;
Tiṇṇo pāraṅgato jhāyī, anejo akathaṃkathī;
已渡难关静定,安住无言处;」
Anupādāya nibbuto, tamahaṃ brūmi brāhmaṇa’’nti.
我说:“断尽一切依止,已得涅槃,婆罗门。”
Tassattho – yo bhikkhu imaṃ rāgapalipathañceva kilesaduggañca saṃsāravaṭṭañca catunnaṃ ariyasaccānaṃ appaṭivijjhanakamohañca atīto, cattāro oghe tiṇṇo hutvā pāraṃ anuppatto, duvidhena jhānena jhāyī, taṇhāya abhāvena anejo, kathaṃkathāya abhāvena akathaṃkathī, upādānānaṃ abhāvena anupādiyitvā kilesanibbānena nibbuto, tamahaṃ brāhmaṇaṃ vadāmīti attho.
此处所说者,是指那位比库,他超越了对贪欲污垢以及烦恼轮回的执著与坚固无明,断尽四圣谛的不分别见,已渡过四重洪流而到达彼岸,修习两种禅定,灭除了贪欲缘起,一切因缘无言之境,无言之说,通过断尽取著而得以灭除烦恼,成为涅槃者,我称他为婆罗门,这就是含义。
Desanāvasāne bahū sotāpattiphalādīni pāpuṇiṃsūti.
开示结束时,有许多弟子得到了初果等法的殊胜果报。
Sīvalittheravatthu ekatiṃsatimaṃ. · 西瓦离长老事第三十一。
32. Sundarasamuddattheravatthu32. 孙德拉萨穆德长老事
Yodhakāmeti imaṃ dhammadesanaṃ satthā jetavane viharanto sundarasamuddattheraṃ ārabbha kathesi.
所谓『勇士』,即在揭多园中,世尊住处,开始教诲长老『美海』之义。
Sāvatthiyaṃ kireko kulaputto sundarasamuddakumāro nāma cattālīsakoṭivibhave mahākule nibbatto. So ekadivasaṃ pacchābhattaṃ gandhamālādihatthaṃ mahājanaṃ dhammassavanatthāya jetavanaṃ gacchantaṃ disvā ‘‘kahaṃ gacchathā’’ti pucchitvā ‘‘satthu santikaṃ dhammassavanatthāyā’’ti vutte ‘‘ahampi gamissāmī’’ti vatvā tena saddhiṃ gantvā parisapariyante nisīdi. Satthā tassa āsayaṃ viditvā anupubbiṃ kathaṃ kathesi. So ‘‘na sakkā agāraṃ ajjhāvasantena saṅkhalikhitaṃ brahmacariyaṃ caritu’’nti satthu dhammakathaṃ nissāya pabbajjāya jātussāho parisāya pakkantāya satthāraṃ pabbajjaṃ yācitvā ‘‘mātāpitūhi ananuññātaṃ tathāgatā na pabbājentī’’ti sutvā gehaṃ gantvā raṭṭhapālakulaputtādayo viya mahantena vāyāmena mātāpitaro anujānāpetvā satthu santike pabbajitvā laddhūpasampado ‘‘kiṃ me idha vāsenā’’ti tato nikkhamitvā rājagahaṃ gantvā piṇḍāya caranto vītināmesi.
在舍卫国,有一贫寒王族子名为美海子,家族富有四千万,属豪门望族。有一日,他看见众人用手持香环吃后食,为听法往揭多园行走,问曰:“往何处去?”对曰:“欲亲近世尊听法。”他说:“我也要去。”于是和他一道走去,环绕坐下。世尊知晓其心,以渐次教诲方式开示他。世尊说:“居家人在家常住,不能持戒严密如出家人。”因听闻世尊教诲,同时对出家生起渴望,向僧伽请愿出家,听说“父母不允许如来之身不准出家”,于是还家。其父母如同国大臣,由于关切与反复请求,在世尊面前准许其出家,得以受具足戒。之后他离开父母,往王舍城,托钵乞食,生活节俭。
Athekadivasaṃ sāvatthiyaṃ tassa mātāpitaro ekasmiṃ chaṇadivase mahantena sirisobhaggena tassa sahāyakakumārake kīḷamāne disvā ‘‘amhākaṃ puttassa idaṃ dullabhaṃ jāta’’nti parideviṃsu. Tasmiṃ khaṇe ekā gaṇikā taṃ kulaṃ gantvā tassa mātaraṃ rodamānaṃ nisinnaṃ disvā ‘‘amma, kiṃ kāraṇā rodasī’’ti pucchi. ‘‘Puttaṃ anussaritvā rodāmī’’ti. ‘‘Kahaṃ pana so, ammā’’ti? ‘‘Bhikkhūsu pabbajito’’ti. ‘‘Kiṃ uppabbājetuṃ na vaṭṭatī’’ti? ‘‘Vaṭṭati, na pana icchati, ito nikkhamitvā rājagahaṃ gato’’ti. ‘‘Sacāhaṃ taṃ uppabbājeyyaṃ, kiṃ me kareyyāthā’’ti? ‘‘Imassa te kulassa kuṭumbasāminiṃ kareyyāmā’’ti. Tena hi me paribbayaṃ dethāti paribbayaṃ gahetvā mahantena parivārena rājagahaṃ gantvā tassa piṇḍāya caraṇavīthiṃ sallakkhetvā tatthekaṃ nivāsagehaṃ gahetvā pātova paṇītaṃ āhāraṃ paṭiyādetvā therassa piṇḍāya paviṭṭhakāle bhikkhaṃ datvā katipāhaccayena, ‘‘bhante, idheva nisīditvā bhattakiccaṃ karothā’’ti pattaṃ gaṇhi. So pattamadāsi.
当日在舍卫,他父母见他与一位侍儿童子愉快戏耍,忧心忡忡说:“我们的儿子得此殊胜难得之福实在不易。”此时有一妓女经过他家,看见其母亲哭泣,问曰:“母亲,什么原因哭泣?”答曰:“我为儿子悲伤。”又问:“他在哪里?母亲?”答曰:“已出家为比库。”妓女问:“为何不让他还俗?”母亲答曰:“他想还俗,却不愿意,离家往舍卫城去了。”妓女说:“如果他愿意还俗,应由我来做此事业。”母亲说:“你应当保护这个世家子弟。”于是妓女接受这托付,带着大量财物来到舍卫,在乞食道上竖立界限,买住一间屋子,供应优良饮食。等比库乞食回来时,给予饭食些许,并说道:“师父,请坐下,在此做饭事。”比库照做。
Atha naṃ paṇītena āhārena parivisitvā, ‘‘bhante, idheva piṇḍāya carituṃ phāsuka’’nti vatvā katipāhaṃ ālinde nisīdāpetvā bhojetvā dārake pūvehi saṅgaṇhitvā ‘‘etha tumhe therassa āgatakāle mayi vārentiyāpi idhāgantvā rajaṃ uṭṭhāpeyyāthā’’ti āha. Te punadivase therassa bhojanavelāya tāya vāriyamānāpi rajaṃ uṭṭhāpesuṃ. Sā punadivase, ‘‘bhante, dārakā vāriyamānāpi mama vacanaṃ asuṇitvā idha rajaṃ uṭṭhāpenti, antogehe nisīdathā’’ti anto nisīdāpetvā katipāhaṃ bhojesi. Puna dārake saṅgaṇhitvā ‘‘tumhe mayā vāriyamānāpi therassa bhojanakāle mahāsaddaṃ kareyyāthā’’ti āha. Te tathā kariṃsu. Sā punadivase, ‘‘bhante, imasmiṃ ṭhāne ativiya mahāsaddo hoti, dārakā mayā vāriyamānāpi vacanaṃ na gaṇhanti, uparipāsādeyeva nisīdathā’’ti vatvā therena adhivāsite theraṃ purato katvā pāsādaṃ abhiruhantī dvārāni pidahamānāva pāsādaṃ abhiruhi. Thero ukkaṭṭhasapadānacāriko samānopi rasataṇhāya baddho tassā vacanena sattabhūmikaṃ pāsādaṃ abhiruhi.
于是她以干净的食物包围他,说:『比库,于此处乞食最为合宜。』言毕,便叫几个小童让他坐下,供养他饮食,吩咐孩子们整齐聚集,说:『当你们长老到来时,就请你们来到这儿,并从我这里打扫尘垢。』之后的数日,孩子们在长老用膳时,也顺从吩咐打扫尘垢。再过一日,她说:『比库,孩子们即使打扫尘垢,也不听我的劝告,还在室内坐着。』于是让孩子们坐下,亲自招供几次食物。孩子们聚集,她对他们说:『即使在长老用膳时打扫,也请你们应当发出大声。』他们便照做。再一日,她说:『比库,在这里发出极大的声音,孩子们不听我的话,只坐在高楼里。』于是与长老同坐,走到长老前面,锁上门扉后登上楼阁。那比库同样被急躁的嗜欲束缚,随她的话登上了七层高的楼阁。
Sā theraṃ nisīdāpetvā ‘‘cattālīsāya khalu, samma, puṇṇamukha ṭhānehi itthī purisaṃ accāvadati vijambhati vinamati gilasati vilajjati nakhena nakhaṃ ghaṭṭeti, pādena pādaṃ akkamati, kaṭṭhena pathaviṃ vilikhati, dārakaṃ ullaṅgheti olaṅgheti, kīḷati kīḷāpeti, cumbati cumbāpeti, bhuñjati bhuñjāpeti, dadāti āyācati, katamanukaroti, uccaṃ bhāsati, nīcaṃ bhāsati, aviccaṃ bhāsati, viviccaṃ bhāsati, naccena gītena vāditena roditena vilasitena vibhūsitena jagghati, pekkhati, kaṭiṃ cāleti, guyhabhaṇḍakaṃ cāleti, ūruṃ vivarati, ūruṃ pidahati, thanaṃ dasseti, kacchaṃ dasseti, nābhiṃ dasseti, akkhiṃ nikhaṇati, bhamukaṃ ukkhipati, oṭṭhaṃ palikhati, jivhaṃ nillāleti, dussaṃ muñcati, dussaṃ bandhati, sirasaṃ muñcati, sirasaṃ bandhatī’’ti (jā. 2.21.300) evaṃ āgataṃ itthikuttaṃ itthilīlaṃ dassetvā tassa purato ṭhitā imaṃ gāthamāha –
她使比库坐下,说:『四十多个年龄,正当壮年,男女之间相互戏弄,起哄,伤害,疾苦,羞辱,用指甲划搔指甲,用脚踩踏脚,用棍棒刻划地面,践踏孩子,侮辱孩子,戏弄戏耍,亲吻,吃食,给与索取,反复无常,高声叫喊,低声细语,说谎,含糊不清,说分裂话,用歌舞乐器哭泣,装饰喧闹,游行,摇摆腰身,玩弄秘密宝物,张开大腿,捏掐大腿,表示意图,展示短袍,展示肚脐,触摸眼睛,掰断手指头,吐舌头,不让人看,绑缚,不让人见,绑缚头颅。』(传记诗歌2.21.300)她如此描述女子的言行后,站在他面前,吟唱此偈——
‘‘Alattakakatā pādā, pādukāruyha vesiyā;
『乞讨无常苦,脚穿鞋履行;
Tuvampi daharo mama, ahampi daharā tava;
你我都为幼,汝我皆为幼;
Ubhopi pabbajissāma, jiṇṇā daṇḍaparāyaṇā’’ti. (theragā. 459, 462);
我们且出家,老来守持戒。』(长老传459,462);
Therassa ‘‘aho vata me bhāriyaṃ anupadhāretvā katakamma’’nti mahāsaṃvego udapādi. Tasmiṃ khaṇe satthā pañcacattālīsayojanamatthake jetavane nisinnova taṃ kāraṇaṃ disvā sitaṃ pātvākāsi. Atha naṃ ānandatthero pucchi – ‘‘bhante, ko nu kho hetu, ko paccayo sitassa pātukammāyā’’ti. Ānanda, rājagahanagare sattabhūmikapāsādatale sundarasamuddassa ca bhikkhuno gaṇikāya ca saṅgāmo vattatīti. Kassa nu kho, bhante, jayo bhavissati, kassa parājayoti? Satthā, ‘‘ānanda, sundarasamuddassa jayo bhavissati, gaṇikāya parājayo’’ti therassa jayaṃ pakāsetvā tattha nisinnakova obhāsaṃ pharitvā ‘‘bhikkhu ubhopi kāme nirapekkho pajahā’’ti vatvā imaṃ gāthamāha –
长老心生大悲叹曰:『唉,因我没有留住妻子,遭此业果。』忽而生起沉重忧虑,此时佛陀坐于五十四由旬之距的祇树给孤独园,见此因由,平静面色显露。于是阿难长老问曰:『比库,何因何缘令尊者得享平静?』佛言:『阿难,祇树给孤独园将得胜利,妾室当受失败。』佛陀宣说长老的胜利,似有光辉扩散,言曰:『比库二者皆抛弃欲爱而无所执著。』随即吟唱此偈——
§415
415.
第四百一十五条。
‘‘Yodha kāme pahantvāna, anāgāro paribbaje;
『战士舍弃情欲后,成为无家游方者;
Kāmabhavaparikkhīṇaṃ, tamahaṃ brūmi brāhmaṇa’’nti.
情欲及生死轮回皆已断尽,我今如是说,婆罗门。』
Tassattho – yo puggalo idha loke ubhopi kāme hitvā anāgāro hutvā paribbajati, taṃ parikkhīṇakāmañceva parikkhīṇabhavañca ahaṃ brāhmaṇaṃ vadāmīti attho.
其义为:若有人于此世间两种情欲皆弃无且成为无家游方者,我谓其情欲断尽故,且生死轮回亦已断尽,婆罗门说。
Desanāvasāne so thero arahattaṃ patvā iddhibalena vehāsaṃ abbhuggantvā kaṇṇikāmaṇḍalaṃ vinivijjhitvā satthu sarīraṃ thomentoyeva āgantvā satthāraṃ vandi. Dhammasabhāyampi kathaṃ samuṭṭhāpesuṃ, ‘‘āvuso, jivhāviññeyyaṃ rasaṃ nissāya manaṃ naṭṭho sundarasamuddatthero, satthā panassa avassayo jāto’’ti. Satthā taṃ kathaṃ sutvā ‘‘na, bhikkhave, idāneva, pubbepāhaṃ etassa rasataṇhāya baddhamanassa avassayo jātoyevā’’ti vatvā tehi yācito tassatthassa pakāsanatthaṃ atītaṃ āharitvā –
讲说末尾,此长老证得阿拉汉果,凭神通力吹散风暴,驱散尘埃,执持尘器轻拍佛身以不扰佛者,向师供养。于法会中亦如是讲述:『比库们,应知口舌可觉,依味而识,此老人性情随味变化,其美如海,师已生于是世。』师闻此言答曰:『比库们,非也,今时此师,乃早先日所属味欲染缚者真身也。』随后应众请求,为表明其中缘由,陈述过往事迹——
‘‘Na kiratthi rasehi pāpiyo,
『虽非坏恶之味,……』
Āvāsehi vā santhavehi vā;
或于住所,或于篱笆之中;
Vātamigaṃ gahananissitaṃ,
聚集于风扑之林深处,
Vasamānesi rasehi sañjayo’’ti. (jā. 1.1.14) –
以降伏诸感官取胜。〔出自《长部》1.1.14分支条文〕
Ekakanipāte imaṃ vātamigajātakaṃ vitthāretvā ‘‘tadā sundarasamuddo vātamigo ahosi, imaṃ pana gāthaṃ vatvā tassa vissajjāpetā rañño mahāmacco ahamevā’’ti jātakaṃ samodhānesīti.
在《一部集》中,就此风林故事展开详解曰:『当时美丽的大海即是风林,诵此颂歌使其消散的正是大智王。』此即故事的引言。
Sundarasamuddattheravatthu battiṃsatimaṃ. · 孙德拉萨穆德长老事第三十二。
33. Jaṭilattheravatthu33. 结发长老事
Yodha taṇhanti imaṃ dhammadesanaṃ satthā veḷuvane viharanto jaṭilattheraṃ ārabbha kathesi.
勇士谭汉提,在沙竹林中对严厉老长老说法时,如是开讲此法义。
Tatrāyaṃ anupubbī kathā – atīte kira bārāṇasiyaṃ dve bhātaro kuṭumbikā mahantaṃ ucchukhettaṃ kāresuṃ. Athekadivasaṃ kaniṭṭhabhātā ucchukhettaṃ gantvā ‘‘ekaṃ jeṭṭhabhātikassa dassāmi, ekaṃ mayhaṃ bhavissatī’’ti dve ucchuyaṭṭhiyo rasassa anikkhamanatthāya chinnaṭṭhāne bandhitvā gaṇhi. Tadā kira ucchūnaṃ yantena pīḷanakiccaṃ natthi, agge vā mūle vā chinditvā ukkhittakāle dhammakaraṇato udakaṃ viya sayameva raso nikkhamati. Tassa pana khettato ucchuyaṭṭhiyo gahetvā āgamanakāle gandhamādane paccekabuddho samāpattito vuṭṭhāya ‘‘kassa nu kho ajja anuggahaṃ karissāmī’’ti upadhārento taṃ attano ñāṇajāle paviṭṭhaṃ disvā saṅgahaṃ kātuṃ samatthabhāvañca ñatvā pattacīvaraṃ ādāya iddhiyā āgantvā tassa purato aṭṭhāsi. So taṃ disvāva pasannacitto uttarasāṭakaṃ uccatare bhūmipadese attharitvā, ‘‘bhante, idha nisīdathā’’ti paccekabuddhaṃ nisīdāpetvā ‘‘pattaṃ upanāmethā’’ti ucchuyaṭṭhiyā bandhanaṭṭhānaṃ mocetvā pattassa upari akāsi, raso otaritvā pattaṃ pūresi. Paccekabuddhena tasmiṃ rase pīte ‘‘sādhukaṃ vata me ayyena raso pīto. Sace me jeṭṭhabhātiko mūlaṃ āharāpessati, mūlaṃ dassāmi. Sace pattiṃ āharāpessati, pattiṃ dassāmī’’ti cintetvā, ‘‘bhante, pattaṃ me upanāmethā’’ti dutiyampi ucchuyaṭṭhiṃ mocetvā rasaṃ adāsi. ‘‘Bhātā me ucchukhettato aññaṃ ucchuṃ āharitvā khādissatī’’ti ettakampi kirassa vañcanacittaṃ nāhosi. Paccekabuddho pana paṭhamaṃ ucchurasassa pītattā taṃ ucchurasaṃ aññehipi saddhiṃ saṃvibhajitukāmo hutvā gahetvāva nisīdi . So tassa ākāraṃ ñatvā pañcapatiṭṭhitena vanditvā, ‘‘bhante, yo ayaṃ mayā dinno aggaraso, imassa nissandena devamanussesu sampattiṃ anubhavitvā pariyosāne tumhehi pattadhammameva pāpuṇeyya’’nti patthanaṃ paṭṭhapesi. Paccekabuddhopissa ‘‘evaṃ hotū’’ti vatvā ‘‘icchitaṃ patthitaṃ tuyha’’nti dvīhi gāthāhi anumodanaṃ katvā yathā so passati, evaṃ adhiṭṭhahitvā ākāsena gandhamādanaṃ gantvā pañcannaṃ paccekabuddhasatānaṃ taṃ rasaṃ adāsi.
初说由来:从前巴拉那希城,有二兄弟构成家族,在广阔稻田里耕种。某日,幼弟前往稻田,言道『我且给兄长示范,未来此地将归我所有。』二兄弟将稻穗绑于断桩上,准备收获。此时稻穗黏稠,无需过力摇晃,收割时根部断裂,浑如压榨稻浆,液体自流,犹如矿泉水涌出。幼弟取稻穗于田地外,路途中撒香,修学独觉者遂现身,起身言道:『今日谁来协助我呢?』见此缘分已通,展开修行网,披袈裟,凭神通前来守护。见此景,不禁欢喜,从北边陡坡稳健立起,曰:『尊者,请坐此。』独觉者坐下,解开束缚,展开蒲团,将甘露充满其上。独觉者饮此甘露,欣然道:『此甘露,实为善品。若兄长早来采根,我当示现根部;若采叶面,我亦当显叶面。』继而曰:『尊者,请再解我第二处束缚,』再次放开,给予甘露。独觉者仍言:『兄长自稻田采得他稻,食用之后食之无欺。』独觉者饮首搅和的甘露,欲与他人共享后坐定。知其形貌,五体投地敬礼,曰:『尊者,汝如是赐我上首法,承此依止,天人之间享受功德,终成佛法,愿诸汝五十独觉者亦赞此甘露。』独觉者言:『如是愿成。』讚叹毕,便凭神通前往撒香之地,将甘露授与五十独觉尊者。
So taṃ pāṭihāriyaṃ disvā bhātu santikaṃ gantvā ‘‘kahaṃ gatosī’’ti vutte ‘‘ucchukhettaṃ oloketuṃ gatomhī’’ti. ‘‘Kiṃ tādisena ucchukhettaṃ gatena, nanu nāma ekaṃ vā dve vā ucchuyaṭṭhiyo ādāya āgantabbaṃ bhaveyyā’’ti bhātarā vutto – ‘‘āma, bhātika, dve me ucchuyaṭṭhiyo gahitā, ekaṃ pana paccekabuddhaṃ disvā mama ucchuyaṭṭhito rasaṃ datvā ‘mūlaṃ vā pattiṃ vā dassāmī’ti tumhākampi me ucchuyaṭṭhito raso dinno, kiṃ nu kho tassa mūlaṃ gaṇhissatha, udāhu patti’’nti āha. ‘‘Kiṃ pana paccekabuddhena kata’’nti? ‘‘Mama ucchuyaṭṭhito rasaṃ pivitvā tumhākaṃ ucchuyaṭṭhito rasaṃ ādāya ākāsena gandhamādanaṃ gantvā pañcasatānaṃ paccekabuddhānaṃ adāsī’’ti. So tasmiṃ kathenteyeva nirantaraṃ pītiyā phuṭṭhasarīro hutvā ‘‘tena me paccekabuddhena diṭṭhadhammasseva adhigamo bhaveyyā’’ti patthanaṃ akāsi. Evaṃ kaniṭṭhena tisso sampattiyo patthitā, jeṭṭhena pana ekapadeneva arahattaṃ patthitanti idaṃ tesaṃ pubbakammaṃ.
那人见此神迹后,前往兄弟处问道:“你去了哪里?”回答说:“我前往高处观望去了。”兄弟们说道:“既然去了那样的高处,难道不是应该携带一两件高处的贡品前来吗?”他们说:“是的,兄弟,我带了两件高处的贡品。其中一件曾见一名辟支佛,我将贡品呈上他,他说‘请展示根茎或叶片’,因此也赐予我贡品。你们的贡品也被赐予,我应当取其根茎或叶片。”又问:“辟支佛所作何事?”他说:“我的贡品被他享用后,我取你们的贡品,携香气上天,供养五百位辟支佛。”他如此述说时,心情欢喜,身体发舒,起誓说:“因此,我得以证入辟支佛所见之法。”由此,年轻者三种功德成熟,长者在一跤下实现阿拉汉果位,这都是他前世的因缘。
Te yāvatāyukaṃ ṭhatvā tato cutā devaloke nibbattitvā ekaṃ buddhantaraṃ khepayiṃsu. Tesaṃ devaloke ṭhitakāleyeva vipassī sammāsambuddho loke uppajji. Tepi devalokato cavitvā bandhumatiyā ekasmiṃ kulagehe jeṭṭho jeṭṭhova, kaniṭṭho kaniṭṭhova hutvā paṭisandhiṃ gaṇhiṃsu. Tesu jeṭṭhassa senoti nāmaṃ akaṃsu, kaniṭṭhassa aparājitoti . Tesu vayappattakāle kuṭumbaṃ saṇṭhāpetvā viharantesu ‘‘buddharatanaṃ loke uppannaṃ, dhammaratanaṃ, saṅgharatanaṃ, dānāni detha, puññāni karotha, ajja aṭṭhamī, ajja cātuddasī, ajja pannarasī, uposathaṃ karotha, dhammaṃ suṇāthā’’ti dhammaghosakassa bandhumatīnagare ghosanaṃ sutvā mahājanaṃ purebhattaṃ dānaṃ datvā pacchābhattaṃ dhammassavanāya gacchantaṃ disvā senakuṭumbiko ‘‘kahaṃ gacchathā’’ti pucchitvā ‘‘satthu santikaṃ dhammassavanāyā’’ti vutte ‘‘ahampi gamissāmī’’ti tehi saddhiṃyeva gantvā parisapariyante nisīdi.
他们一直安住至老,然后死亡,转生于天界,度过一佛代。该天界时期,毗婆尸正遍觉佛出世。三人皆从天界下世,于一个有亲属之家重新赴世。长者为长者,幼者为幼者,生成相续。老者称“胜者”,幼者称“不败者”。他们长大成人后,营建立家生活。听闻佛法弘扬者的声明,劝导大众施舍、行善。今日是初八,是十四日,又十五日,要守斋戒法,听闻佛法。他们目睹了施舍佗饭入声,行至佛后共坐。
Satthā tassa ajjhāsayaṃ viditvā anupubbiṃ kathaṃ kathesi. So satthu dhammaṃ sutvā pabbajjāya ussāhajāto satthāraṃ pabbajjaṃ yāci. Atha naṃ satthā ‘‘atthi pana te apaloketabbā ñātakā’’ti pucchi. Atthi, bhanteti. Tena hi apaloketvā ehīti. So kaniṭṭhassa santikaṃ gantvā ‘‘yaṃ imasmiṃ kule sāpateyyaṃ, taṃ sabbaṃ tava hotū’’ti āha. Tumhe pana, sāmīti. Ahaṃ satthu santike pabbajissāmīti. Sāmi kiṃ vadetha, ahaṃ mātari matāya mātaraṃ viya, pitari mate pitaraṃ viya tumhe alatthaṃ, idaṃ kulaṃ mahābhogaṃ, gehe ṭhiteneva sakkā puññāni kātuṃ, mā evaṃ karitthāti. Mayā satthu santike dhammo suto, na sakkā taṃ agāramajjhe ṭhitena pūretuṃ, pabbajissāmevāhaṃ, tvaṃ nivattāhīti. Evaṃ so kaniṭṭhaṃ nivattāpetvā satthu santike pabbajitvā laddhūpasampado na cirasseva arahattaṃ pāpuṇi. Kaniṭṭhopi ‘‘bhātu pabbajitasakkāraṃ karissāmī’’ti sattāhaṃ buddhappamukhassa bhikkhusaṅghassa dānaṃ datvā bhātaraṃ vanditvā āha – ‘‘bhante, tumhehi attano bhavanissaraṇaṃ kataṃ, ahaṃ pana pañcahi kāmaguṇehi baddho nikkhamitvā pabbajituṃ na sakkomi, mayhaṃ gehe ṭhitasseva anucchavikaṃ mahantaṃ puññakammaṃ ācikkhathā’’ti. Atha naṃ thero ‘‘sādhu sādhu, paṇḍita, satthu gandhakuṭiṃ karohī’’ti āha. So ‘‘sādhū’’ti sampaṭicchitvā nānādārūni āharāpetvā thambhādīnaṃ atthāya tacchāpetvā ekaṃ suvaṇṇakhacitaṃ, ekaṃ rajatakhacitaṃ, ekaṃ maṇikhacitanti sabbāni sattaratanakhacitāni kāretvā tehi gandhakuṭiṃ kāretvā sattaratanakhacitāheva chadaniṭṭhakāhi chādāpesi. Gandhakuṭiyā karaṇakāleyeva pana taṃ attanā samānanāmako aparājitoyeva nāma bhāgineyyo upasaṅkamitvā ‘‘ahampi karissāmi, mayhampi pattiṃ detha mātulā’’ti āha. Na demi, tāta, aññehi asādhāraṇaṃ karissāmīti. So bahumpi yācitvā pattiṃ alabhamāno ‘‘gandhakuṭiyā purato kuñjarasālaṃ laddhuṃ vaṭṭatī’’ti sattaratanamayaṃ kuñjarasālaṃ kāresi. So imasmiṃ buddhuppāde meṇḍakaseṭṭhi hutvā nibbatti.
尊者知晓其心,便逐步开示佛陀教法。他听佛法后,因精进出家,请求尊者授与出家。尊者问:“你是否有应当照料的亲属?”说有。于是他前往兄弟处,说:“我愿继承此家属全部。”兄弟们说:“你是主人。我欲在师前出家。你们如母亲对母亲,如父亲对父亲,安于家中,可以布施功德,不可作此决定。”他说:“我听了师法,不得在家中充满,必出家。”你当退让。他遂由此回复,弃家出家,快速获得果证。年轻者亦言:“我将行弟兄出家礼敬。”七日内布施佛陀僧团,向兄弟行礼,说:“尊者,你们已安顿归依,我被五欲束缚不能出家,请宣示功德。”尊者赞叹其智慧,说:“好,好,智者,请建设佛陀香室。”他欢喜赞同,采集诸多殊异香木,制作金、银、宝石等七宝香室,装饰华美,盖以七宝。建造之时,他名为“不败”,弟弟名为“胜者”。不败弟弟返回,与胜者曰:“我亦建设,我的姨母也请我。”姨母不能给予,说:“我不为他人造这些殊异东西。”他多次请求而得允。以七宝打造象舍室香室。他为佛陀成道时的昂达迦设立。
Gandhakuṭiyaṃ pana sattaratanamayāni tīṇi mahāvātapānāni ahesuṃ. Tesaṃ abhimukhe heṭṭhā sudhāparikammakatā tisso pokkharaṇiyo kāretvā catujjātikagandhodakassa pūretvā aparājito, gahapati, pañcavaṇṇāni kusumāni ropāpesi tathāgatassa anto nisinnakāle vātavegena samuṭṭhitāhi reṇuvaṭṭīhi sarīrassa okiraṇatthaṃ. Gandhakuṭithūpikāya kapallaṃ rattasuvaṇṇamayaṃ ahosi, pavāḷamayā sikharā, heṭṭhā maṇimayā chadaniṭṭhakā. Iti sā naccanto viya moro sobhamānā aṭṭhāsi. Sattasu pana ratanesu koṭṭetabbayuttakaṃ koṭṭetvā itaraṃ sakalameva gahetvā jaṇṇumattena odhinā gandhakuṭiṃ parikkhipitvā pariveṇaṃ pūresi.
七宝香室上方有三只大风扇。风扇之下放置三个池塘,注满四方花香水。不败弟弟赐花彩植树。佛陀坐处,风起沙飞,护体香气散布。香楼呈红金色,顶盖为珊瑚,下面用宝石装饰。其状如跳舞孔雀端庄美丽。七宝有应节聚合,用宝石结成符号,广布满满,充盈庭院周围。
Evaṃ gandhakuṭiṃ niṭṭhāpetvā aparājito, gahapati, bhātikattheraṃ upasaṅkamitvā āha – ‘‘bhante, niṭṭhitā gandhakuṭi, paribhogamassā paccāsīsāmi, paribhogena kira mahantaṃ puññaṃ hotī’’ti . So satthāraṃ upasaṅkamitvā, ‘‘bhante, iminā kira vo kuṭumbikena gandhakuṭi kāritā, idāni pana paribhogaṃ paccāsīsatī’’ti āha. Satthā uṭṭhāyāsanā gandhakuṭiabhimukhaṃ gantvā gandhakuṭiṃ parikkhipitvā parikkhittaratanarāsiṃ olokento dvārakoṭṭhake aṭṭhāsi. Atha naṃ kuṭumbiko ‘‘pavisatha, bhante’’ti āha. Satthā tattheva ṭhatvā tatiyavāre tassa bhātikattheraṃ olokesi. So olokitākāreneva ñatvā kaniṭṭhabhātaraṃ āha – ‘‘ehi, tāta, ‘mameva rakkhā bhavissati, tumhe yathāsukhaṃ vasathā’ti satthāraṃ vadehī’’ti. So tassa vacanaṃ sutvā satthāraṃ pañcapatiṭṭhitena vanditvā, ‘‘bhante, yathā manussā rukkhamūle pavisitvā anapekkhā pakkamanti, yathā vā nadiṃ taritvā uḷumpaṃ anapekkhā pariccajanti, evaṃ anapekkhā hutvā tumhe vasathā’’ti āha. Kimatthaṃ pana satthā aṭṭhāsi? Evaṃ kirassa ahosi – ‘‘buddhānaṃ santikaṃ purebhattampi pacchābhattampi bahū āgacchanti, tesu ratanāni ādāya pakkamantesu na sakkā amhehi vāretuṃ, pariveṇamhi ettake ratane vokiṇṇe attano upaṭṭhāke harantepi na vāretīti kuṭumbiko mayi āghātaṃ katvā apāyūpago bhaveyyā’’ti iminā kāraṇena aṭṭhāsi. Tena pana , ‘‘bhante, mameva rakkhā bhavissati, tumhe vasathā’’ti vutte pāvisi.
完成香室后,不败弟弟前来拜访尊者,愿为享用者,认为此举增大利乐。尊者起座,观察香室,周围宝物陈列,观望门廊。家属诣拜曰:“请进,尊者。”尊者第三次巡视尊者,察觉弟弟,便向年轻兄弟说:“来吧,孩子,‘唯我护你,你随心安居’,这是尊者的教诲。”其言闻后,拜礼五体,答曰:“如人于树根安憩而无忧,如渡河弃舟而无累,愿你无忧安住。”为何站立?因佛昔往返来往,众多宝物陪伴,无法受他人抢夺,守护宝物者不容侵犯,家属因恐获恶报而站立。亦言:“唯我护持,尔可安住。”讲毕进入。
Kuṭumbiko samantā rakkhaṃ ṭhapetvā manusse āha – ‘‘tātā, ucchaṅgena vā pacchipasibbakehi vā ādāya gacchante vāreyyātha, hatthena gahetvā gacchante pana mā vārayitthā’’ti. Antonagarepi ārocāpesi ‘‘mayā gandhakuṭipariveṇe satta ratanāni okiṇṇāni, satthu santike dhammaṃ sutvā gacchantā duggatamanussā ubho hatthe pūretvā gaṇhantu, sukhitāpi ekena gaṇhantū’’ti. Evaṃ kirassa ahosi ‘‘saddhā tāva dhammaṃ sotukāmā gamissantiyeva, assaddhāpi pana dhanalobhena gantvā dhammaṃ sutvā dukkhato muccissantī’’ti. Tasmā janasaṅgahatthāya evaṃ ārocāpesi. Mahājano tena vuttaniyāmeneva ratanāni gaṇhi. Sakiṃ okiṇṇaratanesu khīṇesu yāvatatiyaṃ jaṇṇumattena odhinā okirāpesiyeva. Satthu pana pādamūle tipusamattaṃ anagghaṃ maṇiratanaṃ ṭhapesi. Evaṃ kirassa ahosi – ‘‘satthu sarīrato suvaṇṇavaṇṇāya pabhāya saddhiṃ maṇipabhaṃ olokentānaṃ titti nāma na bhavissatī’’ti. Tasmā evamakāsi. Mahājanopi atittova olokesi.
家属围成防护,对人说:“儿啊,持箭矢若有人来劝阻可制止,若亲手接引则勿阻止。”街内之人告知:“七宝香楼被盗,大众听闻佛法后往返,要携带宝物施舍,应齐心共护,乃福无边。”他说:“信者愿闻佛法,不信者因贪钱而痛苦逃离。”故呼唤人群,众皆取宝物。盗贼于偷盗宝物时如泥涂满,尊者足下置三色珍宝。“威仪”,“光彩”,得现称号。此行大德盛焰,众人皆赞叹。
Athekadivasaṃ eko micchādiṭṭhikabrāhmaṇo ‘‘satthu kira pādamūle mahagghaṃ maṇiratanaṃ nikkhittaṃ, harissāmi na’’nti vihāraṃ gantvā satthāraṃ vandituṃ āgatassa mahājanassa antarena pāvisi. Kuṭumbiko tassa pavisanākāreneva ‘‘maṇiṃ gaṇhitukāmo’’ti sallakkhetvā ‘‘aho vata na gaṇheyyā’’ti cintesi. Sopi satthāraṃ vandanto viya pādamūle hatthaṃ upanāmetvā maṇiṃ gahetvā ovaṭṭikāya katvā pakkāmi. Kuṭumbiko tasmiṃ cittaṃ pasādetuṃ nāsakkhi. So dhammakathāvasāne satthāraṃ upasaṅkamitvā āha – ‘‘bhante, mayā tikkhattuṃ gandhakuṭiṃ parikkhipitvā jaṇṇumattena odhinā satta ratanāni okiṇṇāni, tāni me gaṇhantesu āghāto nāma nāhosi, cittaṃ bhiyyo bhiyyo pasīdiyeva. Ajja pana ‘aho vatāyaṃ brāhmaṇo maṇiṃ na gaṇheyyā’ti cintetvā tasmiṃ maṇiṃ ādāya gate cittaṃ pasādetuṃ nāsakkhi’’nti. Satthā tassa vacanaṃ sutvā ‘‘nanu, upāsaka, attano santakaṃ parehi anāharaṇīyaṃ kātuṃ sakkosī’’ti nayaṃ adāsi. So satthārā dinnanaye ṭhatvā satthāraṃ vanditvā ‘‘ajja ādiṃ katvā mama santakaṃ dasikasuttamattampi maṃ abhibhavitvā anekasatāpi rājāno vā corā vā gaṇhituṃ samatthā nāma mā hontu, aggināpi mama santakaṃ mā ḍayhatu, udakenapi mā vuyhatū’’ti patthanaṃ akāsi . Satthāpissa ‘‘evaṃ hotū’’ti anumodanaṃ akāsi. So gandhakuṭimahaṃ karonto aṭṭhasaṭṭhiyā bhikkhusatasahassānaṃ antovihāreyeva nava māse mahādānaṃ datvā dānapariyosāne sabbesaṃ ticīvaraṃ adāsi. Saṅghanavakassa cīvarasāṭakā sahassagghanakā ahesuṃ.
一日,一位持有邪见的婆罗门前来,他见世尊足下置有贵重的宝石,心想“我应当取走这宝石”,于是前往住所,趁众多来供养世尊的人群中进入。家人见他进门,便说“欲取宝石者”,那人心里思忖“不该取宝石”。他如同恭敬供养世尊一般,伸手至足下,拿取那宝石,装入袋中后离去。家人无法使他安心。佛陀法讲结束时,那人又到世尊前说:“尊者,我曾用麝香亭布置,称七颗宝石琉璃般铺满,虽有人试图取走,心中未受影响,反更觉安乐。今再想‘唉,这婆罗门不应取宝石’,拿宝石离去,心难安。”佛陀闻言说:“居士,岂不是你能力足以护持自己所持宝物不被人夺去?”于是给他护宝之约,他顶礼佛陀,说:“从今起,我护我宝物,即使十来位侍卫,也无人能夺;即使国王、盗贼来也不能得;火亦不能烧毁,我亦不使水侵袭。”佛陀赞叹其言。此人建麝香亭,施舍给内住六千八百名比库,历时九个月。布施结束时,赐予众比库一套三衣。众比库衣物数量达数十万。
So evaṃ yāvatāyukaṃ puññāni karitvā tato cuto devaloke nibbattitvā ettakaṃ kālaṃ devamanussesu saṃsaritvā imasmiṃ buddhuppāde rājagahe ekasmiṃ seṭṭhikule paṭisandhiṃ gahetvā aḍḍhamāsādhike nava māse mātukucchiyaṃ vasi. Jātadivase panassa sakalanagare sabbāvudhāni pajjaliṃsu, sabbesaṃ kāyarūḷhāni ābharaṇānipi pajjalitāni viya obhāsaṃ muñciṃsu, nagaraṃ ekapajjotaṃ ahosi. Seṭṭhipi pātova rājūpaṭṭhānaṃ agamāsi. Atha naṃ rājā pucchi – ‘‘ajja sabbāvudhāni pajjaliṃsu, nagaraṃ ekapajjotaṃ jātaṃ, jānāsi nu kho ettha kāraṇa’’nti? ‘‘Jānāmi, devā’’ti. ‘‘Kiṃ, seṭṭhī’’ti? ‘‘Mama gehe tumhākaṃ dāso jāto, tassa puññatejenevaṃ ahosī’’ti. ‘‘Kiṃ nu kho coro bhavissatī’’ti? ‘‘Natthetaṃ, deva, puññavā satto katābhinīhāro’’ti. ‘‘Tena hi naṃ sammā posetuṃ vaṭṭati, idamassa khīramūlaṃ hotū’’ti devasikaṃ sahassaṃ paṭṭhapesi. Athassa nāmagahaṇadivase sakalanagarassa ekapajjotabhūtattā jotikotveva nāmaṃ kariṃsu.
这位人做了大量功德后死去,转生于天界。在天界游历一段时日后,在此佛教兴起之时,于王舍城某富商家重新得生。半年多凝居母腹中,生期当天,整个城中所有兵器皆放光焰,所有人身上的装饰均光彩照人,整个城市一片光明。那富商也前往王宫。国王问他:“今日所有兵器放光,城市光芒耀眼,你知道缘由吗?”他说:“我知道,天子。”王问:“何故?”答道:“我家生了你们国王的仆人,因其功德所致。”王又问:“贼人岂能成为?”他说:“非也,天子,是有功德的生灵。”众天嘱咐他:“所以你应当善护他,他是此地根基。”王宫命名,因整个城池一片光辉而得名“明城”。
Athassa vayappattakāle gehakaraṇatthāya bhūmitale sodhiyamāne sakkassa bhavanaṃ uṇhākāraṃ dassesi. Sakko ‘‘kiṃ nu kho ida’’nti upadhārayamāno ‘‘jotikassa gehaṭṭhānaṃ gaṇhantī’’ti ñatvā ‘‘nāyaṃ etehi katagehe vasissati, mayāpettha gantuṃ vaṭṭatī’’ti vaḍḍhakīvesena tattha gantvā ‘‘kiṃ karothā’’ti āha. ‘‘Jotikassa gehaṭṭhānaṃ gaṇhāmā’’ti. ‘‘Apetha, nāyaṃ tumhehi katagehe vasissatī’’ti vatvā soḷasakarīsamattaṃ bhūmipadesaṃ olokesi, so tāvadeva kasiṇamaṇḍalaṃ viya samo ahosi. Puna ‘‘imasmiṃ ṭhāne pathaviṃ bhinditvā sattaratanamayo sattabhūmikapāsādo uṭṭhahatū’’ti cintetvā olokesi, tāvadeva tathārūpo pāsādo uṭṭhahi. Puna ‘‘imaṃ parikkhipitvā sattaratanamayā satta pākārā uṭṭhahantū’’ti cintetvā olokesi, tathārūpā pākārā uṭṭhahiṃsu. Atha ‘‘nesaṃ pariyante kapparukkhā uṭṭhahantū’’ti cintetvā olokesi, tathārūpā kapparukkhā uṭṭhahiṃsu. ‘‘Pāsādassa catūsu kaṇṇesu catasso nidhikumbhiyo uṭṭhahantū’’ti cintetvā olokesi, sabbaṃ tatheva ahosi. Nidhikumbhīsu pana ekā yojanikā ahosi, ekā tigāvutikā, ekā aḍḍhayojanikā, ekā gāvutappamāṇā. Bodhisattassa nibbattanidhikumbhīnaṃ pana ekamukhappamāṇaṃ ahosi, heṭṭhā pathavīpariyantāva ahesuṃ. Jotikassa nibbattanidhikumbhīnaṃ mukhaparimāṇaṃ na kathitaṃ, sabbā mukhachinnatālaphalaṃ viya paripuṇṇāva uṭṭhahiṃsu. Pāsādassa catūsu kaṇṇesu taruṇatālakkhandhappamāṇā catasso suvaṇṇamayā ucchuyaṭṭhiyo nibbattiṃsu. Tāsaṃ maṇimayāni pattāni, sovaṇṇamayāni khandhāni ahesuṃ. Pubbakammassa dassanatthaṃ kiretāni, nibbattiṃsu.
后来适逢年老,管家检测土地时,天帝显现并示知:“这是明城管辖宅邸。”他了解后说:“不可住此宅。”天帝以威严之相前往,说:“我来接管明城宅。”对他说:“来吧,你们不可居住此宅。”目视十六无余的土地,土地平坦如同棋盘。回顾想象时,看到七宝筑成的座阁耸立。想象着是否筑七重围墙,也确然见围墙矗立。又想象在围墙周围生长着象树,果然见有象树扶疏挺立。想象宫殿四角各有宝藏罐,也都真实出现。宝藏罐大小不一,有一横跨约二十里宽,大小如三十村地之量,还有半横跨与一村之大小。觉者所藏宝罐面宽巨大,足以环绕土地。明城宝殿四角长满树木,形如黄金柱矗立。宝石宝物飞扬发光,宛若寺院宝塔。此乃先业所示现,可作祥瑞现象。
Sattasu dvārakoṭṭhakesu satta yakkhā ārakkhaṃ gaṇhiṃsu. Paṭhame dvārakoṭṭhake yamakoḷī nāma yakkho attano parivārena yakkhasahassena saddhiṃ ārakkhaṃ gaṇhi, dutiye uppalo nāma attano parivārayakkhānaṃ dvīhi sahassehi saddhiṃ, tatiye vajiro nāma tīhi sahassehi saddhiṃ, catutthe vajirabāhu nāma catūhi sahassehi saddhiṃ, pañcame kasakando nāma pañcahi sahassehi saddhiṃ, chaṭṭhe kaṭattho nāma chahi sahassehi saddhiṃ, sattame disāmukho nāma sattahi sahassehi saddhiṃ ārakkhaṃ gaṇhi. Evaṃ pāsādassa anto ca bahi ca gāḷharakkhā ahosi. ‘‘Jotikassa kira sattaratanamayo sattabhūmikapāsādo uṭṭhito, satta pākārā sattadvārakoṭṭhakā catasso nidhikumbhiyo uṭṭhitā’’ti sutvā bimbisāro rājā seṭṭhicchattaṃ pahiṇi. So jotikaseṭṭhi nāma ahosi.
七处城门楼各有七位亚卡守护。第一门楼名为夜摩枷里,率领一千亚卡同营守护;第二名为乌帕罗,率二千亚卡护持;第三名为威吉罗,率三千亚卡;第四名为威吉罗巴胡,率四千亚卡;第五名为迦萨坎多,率五千亚卡;第六名为迦陀多,率六千亚卡;第七名为蒂萨穆阇,率七千亚卡守护。宝殿内部及外部均有著盔甲的卫士护持。听闻“明城七宝筑成座阁升起,七层围墙七门楼与四宝藏罐矗立”后,宾比萨罗王解去富商职务。此人名为明城富商。
Tena pana saddhiṃ katapuññakammā itthī uttarakurūsu nibbatti. Atha naṃ devatā tato ānetvā sirigabbhe nisīdāpesuṃ. Sā āgacchamānā ekaṃ taṇḍulanāḷiṃ tayo ca jotipāsāṇe gaṇhi. Tesaṃ yāvajīvaṃ tāyeva taṇḍulanāḷiyā bhattaṃ ahosi. Sace kira te sakaṭasatampi taṇḍulānaṃ pūretukāmā honti, sā taṇḍulanāḷi nāḷiyeva hutvā tiṭṭhati. Bhattapacanakāle taṇḍule ukkhaliyaṃ pakkhipitvā tesaṃ pāsāṇānaṃ upari ṭhapeti, pāsāṇā tāvadeva pajjalitvā bhatte pakkamatte nibbāyanti. Teneva saññāṇena bhattassa pakkabhāvaṃ jānanti. Sūpeyyādipacanakālepi eseva nayo. Evaṃ tesaṃ jotipāsāṇehi āhāro paccati. Maṇiālokena ca vasanti, aggissa vā dīpassa vā obhāsaṃ neva jāniṃsu. ‘‘Jotikassa kira evarūpā sampattī’’ti sakalajambudīpe pākaṭo ahosi. Mahājano yānādīni yojetvā dassanatthāya āgacchati. Jotikaseṭṭhi āgatāgatānaṃ uttarakurutaṇḍulānaṃ bhattaṃ pacāpetvā dāpesi. ‘‘Kapparukkhehi vatthāni gaṇhantu, ābharaṇāni gaṇhantū’’ti āṇāpesi. ‘‘Gāvutikanidhikumbhiyā mukhaṃ vivarāpetvā yāpanamattaṃ dhanaṃ gaṇhantū’’ti āṇāpesi. Sakalajambudīpavāsikesu dhanaṃ gahetvā gacchantesu nidhikumbhiyā aṅgulimattampi ūnaṃ nāhosi. Gandhakuṭipariveṇe vālukaṃ katvā okiṇṇaratanānaṃ kirassa eso nissando.
这时他与同善人女子结缘。天神带来他们,坐于荣德场。该女子携一束稻穗与三块宝石。只要束稻穗不坏便可常作饭食。若想用百车粮米充满稻穗,也只能保持稻穗原形。煮饭时将稻穗扔入火中,置于宝石上,宝石发光而晶亮,饭得以熟透。厨师闻其烹食时,也用此法。这个女子因此女姓用宝石烹食。宝石世界中无火光与电灯光照明。明城富商此般富贵生活广为流传。豪族为宾客烹稻穗供食。吩咐派人铺设树木织物与装饰,财宝部位展开以便取用。住在中土的众人携带财物及宝物离开时,宝藏罐中有十分之一分毫皆不缺。炼香亭建于沙土中,宝石光耀辉煌,以此为依靠。
Evaṃ mahājane vatthābharaṇāni ceva dhanañca yadicchakaṃ ādāya gacchante bimbisāro tassa pāsādaṃ daṭṭhukāmopi mahājane āgacchante okāsaṃ nālattha. Aparabhāge yadicchakaṃ ādāya gatattā manussesu mandībhūtesu rājā jotikassa pitaraṃ āha – ‘‘tava puttassa pāsādaṃ daṭṭhukāmamhā’’ti. So ‘‘sādhu, devā’’ti vatvā gantvā puttassa kathesi – ‘‘tāta, rājā te pāsādaṃ daṭṭhukāmo’’ti. ‘‘Sādhu, tāta, āgacchatū’’ti. Rājā mahantena parivārena tattha agamāsi. Paṭhamadvārakoṭṭhake sammajjitvā kacavarachaḍḍikā dāsī rañño hatthaṃ adāsi, rājā ‘‘seṭṭhijāyā’’ti saññāya lajjamāno tassā bāhāya hatthaṃ na ṭhapesi. Evaṃ sesadvārakoṭṭhakesupi dāsiyo ‘‘seṭṭhibhariyāyo’’ti maññamāno tāsaṃ bāhāya hatthaṃ na ṭhapesi. Jotiko āgantvā rājānaṃ paccuggantvā vanditvā pacchato hutvā ‘‘purato yātha, devā’’ti āha. Rañño maṇipathavī sataporisapapāto viya hutvā upaṭṭhahi. So ‘‘iminā mama gahaṇatthāya opāto khaṇito’’ti maññamāno pādaṃ nikkhipituṃ na visahi. Jotiko ‘‘nāyaṃ, deva, opāto, mama pacchato āgacchathā’’ti purato ahosi. Rājā tena akkantakāle bhūmiṃ akkamitvā heṭṭhimatalato paṭṭhāya pāsādaṃ olokento vicari. Tadā ajātasattukumāropi pitu aṅguliṃ gahetvā vicaranto cintesi – ‘‘aho andhabālo mama pitā, gahapatike nāma sattaratanamaye pāsāde vasante esa rājā hutvā dārumaye gehe vasati, ahaṃ dāni rājā hutvā imassa imasmiṃ pāsāde vasituṃ na dassāmī’’ti.
富商财物装饰众多,迎客感叹,不愿富商因宾客至此而心烦。待到后半刻,国王问其父:“你儿子富豪宅邸何如?”答曰:“贤德,天子。”国王问儿子:“你想来见富豪宅?”答曰“愿来。”国王带领随从前来,宛如披戴宝石地毡之士。富商躬拜国王,回去后开口说:“天子请先行。”国王就坐,身披宝玉华服,如七百坚士环绕,陪侍左右。国王沉思为家谋划,但心不安,难以释放脚步。富商说:“天子,这非阻碍,是我从后方前来。”国王遂破土挖基,四下察看宝殿。这时,未出世子攀着父手指踯躅思量:“唉,我愚昧如盲者,世称豪宅的七宝宝殿中,国王却居卑陋木屋,我今为王尚不得居于豪宅矣。”
Raññopi uparimatalāni abhiruhantasseva pātarāsavelā jātā. So seṭṭhiṃ āmantetvā, ‘‘mahāseṭṭhi, idheva pātarāsaṃ bhuñjissāmā’’ti. Jānāmi, deva, sajjito devassāhāroti. So soḷasahi gandhodakaghaṭehi nhatvā ratanamaye seṭṭhissa nisīdanamaṇḍape paññatte tasseva nisīdanapallaṅke nisīdi. Athassa hatthadhovanūdakaṃ datvā satasahassagghanikāya suvaṇṇapātiyā kilinnapāyāsaṃ vaḍḍhetvā purato ṭhapayiṃsu. Rājā ‘‘bhojana’’nti saññāya bhuñjituṃ ārabhi. Seṭṭhi ‘‘nayidaṃ, deva, bhojanaṃ, kilinnapāyāso eso’’ti aññissā suvaṇṇapātiyā bhojanaṃ vaḍḍhetvā purimapātiyaṃ ṭhapayiṃsu. Tato uṭṭhitautunā kira taṃ bhuñjituṃ sukhaṃ hoti. Rājā madhurabhojanaṃ bhuñjanto pamāṇaṃ na aññāsi. Atha naṃ seṭṭhi vanditvā añjaliṃ paggayha ‘‘alaṃ, deva, ettakameva hotu, ito uttariṃ jirāpetuṃ na sakkā’’ti āha. Atha naṃ rājā āha – ‘‘kiṃ, gahapati, garukaṃ katvā kathesi attano bhatta’’nti? Deva, natthetaṃ, tumhākaṃ sabbassāpi hi balakāyassa idameva bhattaṃ idaṃ supeyyaṃ. Api ca kho ahaṃ ayasassa bhāyāmīti. Kiṃ kāraṇāti? Sace devassa kāyālasiyamattaṃ bhaveyya, ‘‘hiyyo raññā seṭṭhissa gehe bhattaṃ bhuttaṃ, seṭṭhinā kiñci kataṃ bhavissatī’’ti vacanassa bhāyāmi, devāti. Tena hi bhattaṃ hara, udakaṃ āharāti. Rañño bhattakiccāvasāne sabbo rājaparivāro tadeva bhattaṃ paribhuñji.
即使国王也如登上高楼一样来到了宫殿顶层。那时有一位大富长者,邀请国王说:「大富长者,我们就在这里享用宫殿顶层吧。」我知道,天神临时准备用于天界的饮食。那位大富长者用十六个盛香水的罐子洗浴后,坐在用宝石装饰的长者座厅。这座座厅的座垫被特意安置在那里。随后他们供养了洗手用的净水,并置放了装满金箔熬煮米粥的百千罐器皿于前。国王以「食物」的心念开始享用。那大富长者说:「这不是普通的食物,天神啊,这是用金箔熬制的粥。」又另外置放用金箔加料的食物于前座。他们起身后,据说这样吃着感觉极为幸福。国王吃着香甜的食物,却没测量分量。然后大富长者对国王合掌敬礼,说:「够了,天神,这就足够了,别再吃了,从此以后不应再增添精进。」国王问:「家主,你为何说这些重话呢?」天神答:「不是的,国王你是全身心的支持者,这正是适合你的食物和饮料。况且我还害怕铁制的器具。如果天神的身体只是轻微受损,‘昨天国王在大富长者家中吃了食物,长者会作何反应’——我担心这句话会被理解,所以我拿走食物和水。国王工作结束后,所有王室成员都同享这饮食。」
Rājā sukhakathāya nisinno seṭṭhiṃ āmantetvā, ‘‘kiṃ imasmiṃ gehe seṭṭhibhariyā natthī’’ti āha? ‘‘Āma atthi, devā’’ti. ‘‘Kahaṃ sā’’ti? ‘‘Sirigabbhe nisinnā, devassa āgatabhāvaṃ na jānātī’’ti. Kiñcāpi hi pātova rājā saparivāro āgato, sā panassa āgatabhāvaṃ na jānāteva. Tato seṭṭhi ‘‘rājā me bhariyaṃ daṭṭhukāmo’’ti tassā santikaṃ gantvā ‘‘rājā āgato, kiṃ tava rājānaṃ daṭṭhuṃ na vaṭṭatī’’ti āha. Sā nipannakāva ‘‘ko esa, sāmi, rājā nāmā’’ti vatvā ‘‘rājā nāma amhākaṃ issaro’’ti vutte anattamanataṃ pavedentī ‘‘dukkaṭāni vata no puññakammāni, yesaṃ no issaropi atthi. Assaddhāya nāma puññakammāni katvā mayaṃ sampattiṃ pāpuṇitvā aññassa issariyaṭṭhāne nibbattamhā. Addhā amhehi asaddahitvā dānaṃ dinnaṃ bhavissati, tassetaṃ phala’’nti vatvā ‘‘kiṃ dāni karomi, sāmī’’ti āha. Tālavaṇṭaṃ ādāya āgantvā rājānaṃ bījāhīti. Tassā tālavaṇṭaṃ ādāya āgantvā rājānaṃ bījentiyā rañño veṭhanassa gandhavāto akkhīni pahari, athassā akkhīhi assudhārā pavattiṃsu. Taṃ disvā rājā seṭṭhiṃ āha – ‘‘mahāseṭṭhi, mātugāmo nāma appabuddhiko, ‘rājā me sāmikassa sampattiṃ gaṇheyyā’ti bhayena rodati maññe, assāsehi naṃ ‘na me tava sampattiyā attho’’’ti. Na esā, deva, rodatīti. Atha kiṃ etanti? Tumhākaṃ veṭhanagandhenassā assūni pavattiṃsu. Ayañhi dīpobhāsaṃ vā aggiobhāsaṃ vā adisvā maṇiālokeneva bhuñjati ca nisīdati ca nipajjati ca, devo pana dīpālokena nisinno bhavissatīti? Āma, seṭṭhīti. Tena hi, deva, ajja paṭṭhāya maṇiālokena nisīdathāti mahantaṃ tipusamattaṃ anagghaṃ maṇiratanaṃ adāsi. Rājā gehaṃ oloketvā ‘‘mahatī vata jotikassa sampattī’’ti vatvā agamāsi. Ayaṃ tāva jotikassa uppatti.
国王坐着谈话时邀请大富长者,说:「这家中有没有大富长者的妻子?」大富长者回答:「有,天神。」国王问:「她在哪里?」大富言:「她坐在胸膛间,不知道天神你的光临。」尽管国王和随从已到访,她却未察觉天神来临。于是大富长者说:「国王想见我妻子。」便前去见她,说:「国王来了,难道你不希望见国王吗?」她羞愧地答道:「谁啊,亲爱的国王?」又说:「国王是我们的主人。」说这些话露出自卑之意,诉说:「此处不善积德,我等虽敬爱主人,却未守信。若不信守,将无报应。」她问:「那我要做什么呢,主人?」拿来一块宝石,国王闻到香气,眼睛流泪。见状他说:「大富长者,此女名叫母行,不过未开悟,她恐惧着哭泣,我以为她会说‘你的财产与我无关’。」事实并非如此。那香气引发泪水,她如同用宝石灯光享受光明安坐,天神也如用灯火注视着她般。确实,如此大富长者,今天拿着宝石灯光安坐,赠予至净宝石如珠宝般珍贵。国王观看家宅说:「这是光明的极大宝藏。」于是离去。这便是光明起始。
Idāni jaṭilassa uppatti veditabbā – bārāṇasiyañhi ekā seṭṭhidhītā abhirūpā ahosi, taṃ pannarasasoḷasavassuddesikakāle rakkhaṇatthāya ekaṃ dāsiṃ datvā sattabhūmikassa pāsādassa uparimatale sirigabbhe vāsayiṃsu. Taṃ ekadivasaṃ vātapānaṃ vivaritvā bahi olokayamānaṃ ākāsena gacchanto eko vijjādharo disvā uppannasineho vātapānena pavisitvā tāya saddhiṃ santhavamakāsi. Sā tena saddhiṃ saṃvāsamanvāya na cirasseva gabbhaṃ paṭilabhi. Atha naṃ sā dāsī disvā, ‘‘amma, kiṃ ida’’nti vatvā ‘‘hotu mā kassaci ācikkhī’’ti tāya vuttā bhayena tuṇhī ahosi. Sāpi dasamāsaccayena puttaṃ vijāyitvā navabhājanaṃ āharāpetvā tattha taṃ dārakaṃ nipajjāpetvā taṃ bhājanaṃ pidahitvā upari pupphadāmāni ṭhapetvā ‘‘imaṃ sīsena ukkhipitvā gaṅgāya vissajjehi, ‘kiṃ ida’nti ca puṭṭhā ‘ayyāya me balikamma’nti vadeyyāsī’’ti dāsiṃ āṇāpesi. Sā tathā akāsi.
现在应当察知贾提拉生起之因——在巴拉那西,有一位富家女貌美如玉,于十五、十六岁之时为了保护,将一女仆送给她,居住于七重地楼上的宫殿顶层。一天,当凉风吹拂,她望向外面天空,有一位魔法师看见后,乘着上升的风进入宫内与她同居。她与魔法师同居不久便怀孕生子。女仆见状问:「母亲,这是什么?」她答:「愿无人知道。」因恐惧而静默。她十个月后生了男孩,为其准备新饭,安置婴儿,使其安睡,将饭藏好,在之上放置花朵,通知女仆说:「用此头颅刺破河水放生,并告之‘这是什么’问者说‘这是母亲的回报’。」女仆便依嘱行事。
Heṭṭhāgaṅgāyampi dve itthiyo nhāyamānā taṃ bhājanaṃ udakenāhariyamānaṃ disvā ekā ‘‘mayhetaṃ bhājana’’nti āha. Ekā ‘‘yaṃ etassa anto, taṃ mayha’’nti vatvā bhājane sampatte taṃ ādāya thale ṭhapetvā vivaritvā dārakaṃ disvā ekā ‘‘mama bhājananti vuttatāya dārako mameva hotī’’ti āha. Ekā ‘‘yaṃ bhājanassa anto, taṃ mameva hotūti vuttatāya mama dārako’’ti āha. Tā vivadamānā vinicchayaṭṭhānaṃ gantvā tamatthaṃ ārocetvā amaccesu vinicchituṃ asakkontesu rañño santikaṃ agamaṃsu. Rājā tāsaṃ vacanaṃ sutvā ‘‘tvaṃ dārakaṃ gaṇha, tvaṃ bhājanaṃ gaṇhā’’ti āha. Yāya pana dārako laddho, sā mahākaccānattherassa upaṭṭhāyikā ahosi. Tasmā sā dārakaṃ ‘‘imaṃ therassa santike pabbājessāmī’’ti posesi. Tassa jātadivase gabbhamalassa dhovitvā anapanītatāya kesā jaṭitā hutvā aṭṭhaṃsu, tenassa jaṭilotveva nāmaṃ kariṃsu. Tassa padasā vicaraṇakāle thero taṃ gehaṃ piṇḍāya pāvisi. Upāsikā theraṃ nisīdāpetvā āhāramadāsi. Thero dārakaṃ disvā ‘‘kiṃ upāsike dārako laddho’’ti pucchi. ‘‘Āma, bhante, imāhaṃ dārakaṃ tumhākaṃ santike pabbājessāmīti posesiṃ, pabbājetha na’’nti adāsi. Thero ‘‘sādhū’’ti ādāya taṃ gacchanto ‘‘atthi nu kho imassa gihisampattiṃ anubhavituṃ puññakamma’’nti olokento ‘‘mahāpuñño satto mahāsampattiṃ anubhavissati, daharo esa tāva, ñāṇampissa paripākaṃ na gacchatī’’ti cintetvā taṃ ādāya takkasilāyaṃ ekassa upaṭṭhākassa gehaṃ agamāsi.
恒河下游有两个女子同时沐浴,见盘中的食物被水流冲走,一人说:「这是我的食物。」另一人说:「这盘尽头的食物是我的。」争执后,她们来到判断处陈述原因。王听闻后对她们说:「你照顾婴儿,你照顾食物。」婴儿是长老大咖吒那的侍者。于是他支持婴儿,说:「我要在这长老面前为其出家。」生时洗净胎垢,头发缠结成发髻八缕,故名「贾提拉」。一天,老人来到家中乞食,居士请长老入座并供养。老人见到婴儿问:「这婴儿是谁?」回答说:「是准备在你面前出家的婴儿,出家吧。」长老称赞,同去时观察其家族福德业力,思忖此年幼者得到巨大功德财富虽奢华,但智慧尚未成熟。于是带着婴儿来到一位刹利尼婆罗门住处。
So theraṃ vanditvā ṭhito taṃ dārakaṃ disvā ‘‘dārako vo, bhante, laddho’’ti pucchi. Āma, upāsaka, pabbajissati, daharo tāva, taveva santike hotūti. So ‘‘sādhu, bhante’’ti taṃ puttaṭṭhāne ṭhapetvā paṭijaggi. Tassa pana gehe dvādasa vassāni bhaṇḍakaṃ ussannaṃ hoti. So gāmantaraṃ gacchanto sabbampi taṃ bhaṇḍaṃ āpaṇaṃ haritvā dārakaṃ āpaṇe nisīdāpetvā tassa tassa bhaṇḍakassa mūlaṃ ācikkhitvā ‘‘idañca idañca ettakaṃ nāma dhanaṃ gahetvā dadeyyāsī’’ti vatvā pakkāmi. Taṃdivasaṃ nagarapariggāhikā devatā antamaso maricajīrakamattenāpi atthike tasseva āpaṇābhimukhe kariṃsu. So dvādasa vassāni ussannaṃ bhaṇḍakaṃ ekadivaseneva vikkiṇi. Kuṭumbiko āgantvā āpaṇe kiñci adisvā ‘‘sabbaṃ te, tāta, bhaṇḍakaṃ nāsita’’nti āha. Na nāsemi, sabbaṃ tumhehi vuttanayeneva vikkiṇiṃ, idaṃ asukassa mūlaṃ, idaṃ asukassāti. Kuṭumbiko pasīditvā ‘‘anaggho puriso, yattha katthaci jīvituṃ samattho’’ti attano gehe vayappattaṃ dhītaraṃ tassa datvā ‘‘gehamassa karothā’’ti purise āṇāpetvā niṭṭhite gehe ‘‘gacchatha, tumhe attano gehe vasathā’’ti āha.
那人向长老行礼,见婴儿问:「婴儿是你们的吗?」答曰:「是的,居士,他是为你准备出家的婴儿。」长老于婴儿之处坐定。家中仓库十二年未开,人外出时锁好仓库,托付婴儿看守,并清点每个库主财产,吩咐说:「这有此物,取来供养。」十二年间,女神帮忙在仓库守护,使仓库增长无减。仓库十二年未开仓库突然被售出。一家人来家中索取物品说:「全是你的,父亲,仓库已空。」回答:「我未取,这都是你们按约定卖掉的,这算是有病者财产。」一家喜悦说:「这人是忠实男子,能维持生计。」于是把年老的女儿给他嘱咐:「照料家事。」说完离去回自家中:「去吧,你们自家中生活。」
Athassa gehapavisanakāle ekena pādena ummāre akkantamatte gehassa pacchimabhāge bhūmiṃ bhinditvā asītihattho suvaṇṇapabbato uṭṭhahi. Rājā ‘‘jaṭilakumārassa kira gehe bhūmiṃ bhinditvā suvaṇṇapabbato uṭṭhito’’ti sutvāva tassa seṭṭhicchattaṃ pesesi. So jaṭilaseṭṭhi nāma ahosi. Tassa tayo puttā ahesuṃ. So tesaṃ vayappattakāle pabbajjāya cittaṃ uppādetvā ‘‘sace amhehi samānabhogaṃ seṭṭhikulaṃ bhavissati, pabbajituṃ dassanti. No ce, na dassanti. Atthi nu kho jambudīpe amhehi samānabhogaṃ kula’’nti vīmaṃsanatthāya suvaṇṇamayaṃ iṭṭhakaṃ suvaṇṇamayaṃ patodalaṭṭhiṃ suvaṇṇamayaṃ pādukañca kārāpetvā purisānaṃ hatthe datvā ‘‘gacchatha, imāni ādāya kiñcideva olokayamānā viya jambudīpatale vicaritvā amhehi samānabhogassa seṭṭhikulassa atthibhāvaṃ vā natthibhāvaṃ vā ñatvā āgacchathā’’ti pahiṇi.
一天他踏入家门时,脚踩入地板西侧,裂开土地,露出金山。国王听说「贾提拉之子使家中地裂露金山」后,特派人送给他金伞。此人名叫贾提拉长者。后来他有三子。三子成年后生出出家心,说:「若我们享有与长者家族同等产业,就可出家,否则不会。」为了判断,我们在占卜中制作了金制各种物品,交给人们,嘱咐说:「你们携带这些东西视察爪哇岛,考察产业是否如我们富庶家族真实。」此后十二年间,城中商人和神灵在仓库门前持守,仓库十二年仅开卖出一次。家人来仓库拿东西时说:「孩子,你的仓库被盗。」答曰:「没被盗,这都是你们按约定售出的,确是患病者的财产。」家人满意,说:「这是值得信赖的男子,能谋生。」将年迈女儿给他托付处理家务,吩咐侍者:「去吧,你们自己在家中生活。」
Te cārikaṃ carantā bhaddiyanagaraṃ pāpuṇiṃsu. Atha ne meṇḍakaseṭṭhi disvā, ‘‘tātā, kiṃ karontā vicarathā’’ti pucchitvā ‘‘ekaṃ olokentā vicarāmā’’ti vutte ‘‘imesaṃ imāni gahetvā kiñcideva oloketuṃ vicaraṇakiccaṃ natthi, raṭṭhaṃ pariggaṇhamānā vicarantī’’ti ñatvā, ‘‘tātā, amhākaṃ pacchimagehaṃ pavisitvā olokethā’’ti āha. Te tattha aṭṭhakarīsamatte ṭhāne hatthiassausabhappamāṇe piṭṭhiyā piṭṭhiṃ āhacca pathaviṃ bhinditvā uṭṭhite heṭṭhā vuttappakāre suvaṇṇameṇḍake disvā tesaṃ antarantarā vicaritvā nikkhamiṃsu. Atha ne seṭṭhi, ‘‘tātā, yaṃ olokentā vicaratha, diṭṭho vo so’’ti pucchitvā ‘‘passāma, sāmī’’ti vutte ‘‘tena hi gacchathā’’ti uyyojesi. Te tatova gantvā attano seṭṭhinā ‘‘kiṃ, tātā, diṭṭhaṃ vo amhākaṃ samānabhogaṃ seṭṭhikula’’nti vutte, ‘‘sāmi, tumhākaṃ kiṃ atthi, bhaddiyanagare meṇḍakaseṭṭhino evarūpo nāma vibhavo’’ti sabbaṃ taṃ pavattiṃ ācikkhiṃsu. Taṃ sutvā seṭṭhi attamano hutvā ‘‘ekaṃ tāva seṭṭhikulaṃ laddhaṃ, aparampi nu kho atthī’’ti satasahassagghanikaṃ kambalaṃ datvā ‘‘gacchatha, tātā, aññampi. Seṭṭhikulaṃ vicinathā’’ti pahiṇi.
他们结伴游行,抵达了福城。然后见到美达迦施提,便问道:「师父,你在做什么,到处游行吗?」他说:「只是观察而已。」美达迦施提听后说道:「带上这些东西,已经没有什么好看的,正在盘算治理国家而游行呢。」他便说:「师父,快进入我们后宅去观看。」他们来到有八丈见方的地方,背后有大象涂饰的屏风,抓着屏风将地面掀开站起,向下望见黄金美达迦,便在其间来回游走后离开。此时那施提问道:「师父,你看看的东西,我们看见了。」回答:「看见了,主人。」他说:「那就走吧。」他们便转身回去,向自己施提出问:「师父,看到什么了?这是我们施提家里的东西吗?」他们全然述说出来。那施提听后喜出望外,说:「现已得一施提家业,除此之外还有财富吗?」于是给了他一匹百千金币的毯子,说:「去吧,师父,还要去别处看看施提家业。」给了又走。
Te rājagahaṃ gantvā jotikaseṭṭhissa gehato avidūre dārurāsiṃ katvā aggiṃ datvā aṭṭhaṃsu. ‘‘Kiṃ ida’’nti puṭṭhakāle ca ‘‘ekaṃ no mahagghakambalaṃ vikkiṇantānaṃ kayiko natthi, gahetvā vicarantāpi corānaṃ bhāyāma, tena taṃ jhāpetvā gamissāmā’’ti vadiṃsu. Atha ne jotikaseṭṭhi disvā ‘‘ime kiṃ karontī’’ti pucchitvā tamatthaṃ sutvā pakkosāpetvā ‘‘kiṃ agghanako kambalo’’ti pucchi. ‘‘Satasahassagghanako’’ti vutte satasahassaṃ dāpetvā ‘‘dvārakoṭṭhakaṃ sammajjitvā kacavarachaḍḍikāya dāsiyā dethā’’ti tesaṃyeva hatthe pahiṇi. Sā kambalaṃ gahetvā rodamānā sāmikassa santikaṃ āgantvā ‘‘kiṃ maṃ, sāmi, aparādhe sati paharituṃ na vaṭṭati, kasmā me evarūpaṃ thūlakambalaṃ pahiṇittha, kathāhaṃ imaṃ nivāsessāmi vā pārupissāmi vā’’ti. Nāhaṃ tava etadatthāya pahiṇiṃ, etaṃ pana paliveṭhetvā tava sayanapādamūle ṭhapetvā nipajjanakāle gandhodakena dhotānaṃ pādānaṃ puñchanatthāya te pahiṇiṃ, kiṃ etampi kātuṃ na sakkosīti. Sā ‘‘etaṃ pana kātuṃ sakkhissāmī’’ti gahetvā agamāsi. Te ca purisā taṃ kāraṇaṃ disvā attano seṭṭhissa santikaṃ gantvā ‘‘kiṃ, tātā, diṭṭhaṃ vo seṭṭhikula’’nti vutte, ‘‘sāmi, kiṃ tumhākaṃ atthi, rājagahanagare jotikaseṭṭhissa evarūpā nāma sampattī’’ti sabbaṃ gehasampattiṃ ārocetvā taṃ pavattiṃ ācikkhiṃsu. Seṭṭhi tesaṃ vacanaṃ sutvā tuṭṭhamānaso ‘‘idāni pabbajituṃ labhissāmī’’ti rañño santikaṃ gantvā ‘‘pabbajitukāmomhi, devā’’ti āha. Sādhu, mahāseṭṭhi, pabbajāhīti . So gehaṃ gantvā putte pakkosāpetvā suvaṇṇadaṇḍaṃ vajirakuddālaṃ jeṭṭhaputtassa hatthe ṭhapetvā, ‘‘tāta, pacchimagehe suvaṇṇapabbatato suvaṇṇapiṇḍaṃ uddharāhī’’ti āha. So kuddālaṃ ādāya gantvā suvaṇṇapabbataṃ pahari, piṭṭhipāsāṇe pahaṭakālo viya ahosi. Tassa hatthato kuddālaṃ gahetvā majjhimaputtassa hatthe datvā pahiṇi, tassapi suvaṇṇapabbataṃ paharantassa piṭṭhipāsāṇe pahaṭakālo viya ahosi. Atha naṃ kaniṭṭhaputtassa hatthe datvā pahiṇi, tassa taṃ gahetvā paharantassa koṭṭetvā rāsikatāya mattikāya pahaṭakālo viya ahosi. Atha naṃ seṭṭhi ‘‘ehi, tāta, alaṃ ettakenā’’ti vatvā itare dve jeṭṭhabhātike pakkosāpetvā ‘‘ayaṃ suvaṇṇapabbato na tumhākaṃ nibbatto, mayhañca kaniṭṭhassa ca nibbatto, iminā saddhiṃ ekato hutvā paribhuñjathā’’ti āha. Kasmā pana so tesameva nibbattati, kasmā ca jaṭilo jātakāle udake pātitoti? Attano katakammeneva.
他们来到王舍城,离法喜施提家不远处谓堆积木材,点燃火堆。有人问:“这是什么?”书写手回道:“这是给我们出售大毯子的人的货物,身体没有了,取了东西又走,贼人怕得厉害,于是要烧掉它。”然后有人见法喜施提,问:“他们在做什么?”听清意思后便训斥说:“什么百千金大毯?”回答说:“给了一百千金币,犹如门梁钉子,用毛皮裘衣托付的奴隶交给了你。”法喜施提拿了毯子,哭泣着来到主人面前,说:“主人,我无辜遭此事,不能打你。为何我交出这沉重的毯子,我还是没有地方收容它或躲藏?”回答说:“我不是叫你交出这毯子,我是让你裹布,放在你睡觉脚下以便湿润脚的时候擦净的罢了。”他说:“这样我还能做得到。”便接过毯子去了。众人看见此情景,来到自己施提面前说:“师父,见到你们的施提家业了。”他答:“主人,这在王舍城法喜施提家里有这样财宝。”全数陈述家产状况。施提听了十分高兴,想到:“现在可以出家了!”于是去见国王,说:“我想要出家,诸天护佑。”主人回家后对儿子说:“把金杖、金钩子交给长子。”又说:“孩子,你从后宅的金山里取出金块来。”他拿起钩子去敲金山,像敲破石块一样。把钩子给中子,他敲得也像敲破石块。给最小子,他敲破土块状的泥块。施提说:“来吧,师父,这样一起分享吧。”于是又叫两个长子一同劝说。“这座金山并非全为你们所有,也是我的和小儿的。”为什么它生出如此金山?为什么在胎生前的生死中落入水中?乃是他自己所为。
Kassapasammāsambuddhassa hi cetiye kariyamāne eko khīṇāsavo cetiyaṭṭhānaṃ gantvā oloketvā, ‘‘tātā, kasmā cetiyassa uttarena mukhaṃ na uṭṭhahatī’’ti pucchi. ‘‘Suvaṇṇaṃ nappahotī’’ti āhaṃsu. Ahaṃ antogāmaṃ pavisitvā samādapessāmi, tumhe ādarena kammaṃ karothāti. So evaṃ vatvā nagaraṃ pavisitvā, ‘‘ammā, tātā, tumhākaṃ cetiyassa ekasmiṃ mukhe suvaṇṇaṃ nappahoti, suvaṇṇaṃ jānāthā’’ti mahājanaṃ samādapento suvaṇṇakārakulaṃ agamāsi. Suvaṇṇakāropi taṅkhaṇeyeva bhariyāya saddhiṃ kalahaṃ karonto nisinno hoti. Atha naṃ thero ‘‘cetiye tumhehi gahitamukhassa suvaṇṇaṃ nappahoti, taṃ jānituṃ vaṭṭatī’’ti āha. So bhariyāya kopena ‘‘tava satthāraṃ udake khipitvā gacchā’’ti āha. Atha naṃ sā ‘‘atisāhasikakammaṃ te kataṃ, mama kuddhena te ahameva akkositabbā vā paharitabbā vā, kasmā atītānāgatapaccuppannesu buddhesu veramakāsī’’ti āha. Suvaṇṇakāro tāvadeva saṃvegappatto hutvā ‘‘khamatha me, bhante’’ti vatvā therassa pādamūle nipajji. Tāta, ahaṃ tayā na kiñci vutto, satthāraṃ khamāpehīti. Kinti katvā khamāpemi, bhanteti. Suvaṇṇapupphānaṃ tayo kumbhe katvā antodhātunidhāne pakkhipitvā allavattho allakeso hutvā khamāpehi, tātāti.
尊者咖萨巴正觉如来的舍利塔处,有一个已断尽烦恼者前往礼拜,观看后问:“师父,为什么舍利塔北面没有露出塔顶?”有人回答:“那是金器没露出来。”他说:“我要进去看看,诸位敬重地完成此事吧。”说完进入城内,对大家说:“这是你们舍利塔的一个面没有露出金器,你们知道吗?”同时前去金器制作家。金器工匠夫妇正坐着争吵。尊者说:“舍利塔露出的正面没有金器,你们却不知道。”工匠妻子因气愤说:“你扔了师父下水就去吧。”尊者说:“你多管闲事,我没有骂你,不能打你,为什么在历代佛陀面前你反生嗔恚?”金器匠受到惭愧,跪在尊者脚下说:“师父,我没有说你的坏话,请你原谅。”又说:“我愿意以做三坛金花,投于舍利塔地下藏舍,表现懊悔,求师父宽恕。”尊者答应了。
So ‘‘sādhu, bhante’’ti vatvā suvaṇṇapupphāni karonto tīsu puttesu jeṭṭhaputtaṃ pakkosāpetvā ‘‘ehi, tāta, ahaṃ satthāraṃ veravacanena avacaṃ, tasmā imāni pupphāni katvā dhātunidhāne pakkhipitvā khamāpessāmi, tvampi kho me sahāyo hohī’’ti āha. So ‘‘na tvaṃ mayā veravacanaṃ vadāpito, tvaṃyeva karohī’’ti kātuṃ na icchi. Majjhimaputtaṃ pakkositvā tathevāha, sopi tatheva vatvā kātuṃ na icchi. Kaniṭṭhaṃ pakkositvā tathevāha, so ‘‘pitu uppannakiccaṃ nāma puttassa bhāro’’ti vatvā pitusahāyo hutvā pupphāni akāsi. Suvaṇṇakāro vidatthippamāṇānaṃ pupphānaṃ tayo kumbhe niṭṭhāpetvā dhātunidhāne pakkhipitvā allavattho allakeso satthāraṃ khamāpesi. Iti so sattakkhattuṃ jātakāle udake pātanaṃ labhi. Ayaṃ panassa koṭiyaṃ ṭhito attabhāvo. Idhāpi tasseva nissandena udake pātito. Ye panassa dve jeṭṭhabhātikā puttā suvaṇṇapupphānaṃ karaṇakāle sahāyā bhavituṃ na icchiṃsu, tesaṃ tena kāraṇena suvaṇṇapabbato na nibbatti, jaṭilassa ceva kaniṭṭhaputtassa ca ekato katabhāvena nibbatti. Iti so putte anusāsitvā satthu santike pabbajitvā katipāheneva arahattaṃ pāpuṇi. Satthā aparena samayena pañcahi bhikkhusatehi saddhiṃ piṇḍāya caranto tassa puttānaṃ gehadvāraṃ agamāsi, te buddhappamukhassa bhikkhusaṅghassa aḍḍhamāsaṃ bhikkhādānaṃ adaṃsu.
他回答:“好,师父。”于是做了三坛金花,交给三个儿子中长子,说:“师父,因我对师父有恶语,所以做这些花,投于舍利塔地宫,请师父宽恕。你们也应成为我的同伴。”长子说:“你并没有因我而说恶语,是你自己做的。”他劝说了中子,中子也说:“父亲带来的事是儿子的担子。”终于最小子劝说他们。金器匠将三坛装满的金花投入舍利塔地宫,表现懊悔,求师父宽恕。这便是那生七十次胎,在前生因罪落水的故事。这个固执的形象从他自己行为中产生。至今正因那个原因而落水。其两长子不愿做施主,故该金山不会产生。而固执者以及最小子则同时成就正法。依次教导他的儿子们,出家敬佛,在七八个月内达到了阿拉汉果。另一次尊者带领五百比库乞食时,来到了他儿子的家门口,他们给了三个月的供养。
Bhikkhū dhammasabhāyaṃ kathaṃ samuṭṭhāpesuṃ ‘‘ajjāpi te, āvuso jaṭila, asītihatthe suvaṇṇapabbate ca puttesu ca taṇhā atthī’’ti. ‘‘Na me, āvuso, etesu taṇhā vā māno vā atthī’’ti. Te ‘‘ayaṃ jaṭilatthero abhūtaṃ vatvā aññaṃ byākarotī’’ti vadiṃsu. Satthā tesaṃ kathaṃ sutvā ‘‘na, bhikkhave, mama puttassa tesu taṇhā vā māno vā atthī’’ti vatvā dhammaṃ desento imaṃ gāthamāha –
比库们在法会中讨论说:“今天仍然如此,阿友人坚执在七十八次胎生和金山与儿子是否有渴爱。”他答:“我没有在这些上面有渴爱或傲慢。”其他人说:“这位坚执的长老说出许多不同异事。”尊者听闻,教诲说:“比库们,我的儿子们没有在这些上面有渴爱或傲慢。”于是开示一偈——
§416
416.
‘‘Yodha taṇhaṃ pahantvāna, anāgāro paribbaje;
『战士弃除渴爱,离家游方行;』
Taṇhābhavaparikkhīṇaṃ, tamahaṃ brūmi brāhmaṇa’’nti.
『渴爱与生灭尽,我今如是说,婆罗门』。
Tassattho – yo idha loke chadvārikaṃ taṇhaṃ vā mānaṃ vā jahitvā gharāvāsena anatthiko anāgāro hutvā paribbajati, taṇhāya ceva bhavassa ca parikkhīṇattā taṇhābhavaparikkhīṇaṃ tamahaṃ brāhmaṇaṃ vadāmīti.
此文义——世上有一者,舍弃六门渴爱或傲慢,离弃家庭无益,成为无家游方者,渴爱与生灭俱已除尽者,谓此婆罗门也。
Desanāvasāne bahū sotāpattiphalādīni pāpuṇiṃsūti.
说法终时,众多得出流果等。
Jaṭilattheravatthu tettiṃsatimaṃ. · 阇提拉长老事,第三十三。
34. Jotikattheravatthu三十四、焦提咖长老事
Yodha taṇhanti puna imaṃ dhammadesanaṃ satthā veḷuvane viharanto jotikattheraṃ ārabbha kathesi.
所谓战士灭渴者,乃世尊在竹林精舍住时,从智长老开始开示此法。
Ajātasattukumāro hi devadattena saddhiṃ ekato hutvā pitaraṃ ghātetvā rajje patiṭṭhito ‘‘jotikaseṭṭhissa mahāpāsādaṃ gaṇhissāmī’’ti yuddhasajjo nikkhamitvā maṇipākāre saparivārassa attano chāyaṃ disvā ‘‘gahapatiko yuddhasajjo hutvā balaṃ ādāya nikkhanto’’ti sallakkhetvā upagantuṃ na visahi. Seṭṭhipi taṃ divasaṃ uposathiko hutvā pātova bhuttapātarāso vihāraṃ gantvā satthu santike dhammaṃ suṇanto nisinno hoti. Paṭhame dvārakoṭṭhake ārakkhaṃ gahetvā ṭhito pana yamakoḷi nāma yakkho taṃ disvā ‘‘kahaṃ gacchasī’’ti saparivāraṃ viddhaṃsetvā disāvidisāsu anubandhi. Rājā vihārameva agamāsi.
未生怨王子,曾与迦毗罗卫城天同住,联手弑父,登王位,誓言‘必取智长老之大宫’,备战出征,于玛尼府扎营,见护卫随从影子,言云‘此为持兵战士赴战’,不可逼近。当天守斋日,长老住处食堂将食毕,王子坐听法。初门防卫由忠士担守,忽有名为闇苦梨的夜叉见之,问曰‘尔欲往何处’,拔除护卫,追踪四方。国王则仅而入座于住处。
Atha naṃ seṭṭhi disvāva ‘‘kiṃ, devā’’ti vatvā uṭṭhāyāsanā aṭṭhāsi. Gahapati, kiṃ tvaṃ tava purise ‘‘mayā saddhiṃ yujjhathā’’ti āṇāpetvā idhāgamma dhammaṃ suṇanto viya nisinnoti. Kiṃ pana devo mama gehaṃ gaṇhituṃ gatoti? Āma, gatomhīti. Mama anicchāya mama gehaṃ gaṇhituṃ rājasahassampi na sakkoti, devāti. So ‘‘kiṃ pana tvaṃ rājā bhavissasī’’ti kujjhi. Nāhaṃ rājā, mama santakaṃ pana dasikasuttampi mama anicchāya rājūhi vā corehi vā gahetuṃ na sakkāti. Kiṃ panāhaṃ tava ruciyā gaṇhissāmīti? Tena hi, deva, imā me dasasu aṅgulīsu vīsati muddikā, imāhaṃ tumhākaṃ na demi. Sace sakkotha, gaṇhathāti . So pana rājā bhūmiyaṃ ukkuṭikaṃ nisīditvā ullaṅghanto aṭṭhārasahatthaṃ ṭhānaṃ abhiruhati, ṭhatvā ullaṅghanto asītihatthaṃ ṭhānaṃ abhiruhati. Evaṃmahābalo samānopi ito cito ca parivattento ekaṃ muddikampi kaḍḍhituṃ nāsakkhi. Atha naṃ seṭṭhi ‘‘sāṭakaṃ patthara, devā’’ti vatvā aṅguliyo ujukā akāsi, vīsatipi muddikā nikkhamiṃsu. Atha naṃ seṭṭhi ‘‘evaṃ, deva, mama santakaṃ mama anicchāya na sakkā gaṇhitu’’nti vatvā rañño kiriyāya uppannasaṃvego ‘‘pabbajituṃ me anujāna, devā’’ti āha. So ‘‘imasmiṃ pabbajite sukhaṃ pāsādaṃ gaṇhissāmī’’ti cintetvā ekavacaneneva ‘‘tvaṃ pabbajāhī’’ti āha. So satthu santike pabbajitvā na cirasseva arahattaṃ patvā jotikatthero nāma ahosi. Tassa arahattaṃ pattakkhaṇeyeva sabbāpi sā sampatti antaradhāyi, tampissa satulakāyiṃ nāma bhariyaṃ devatā uttarakurumeva nayiṃsu.
之后,居士见到他,便说:「天人啊,如何?」说毕,起身离座。居士说道:「汝对于汝丈夫说『我要同他共战』,来到此处听法,仿佛在静坐。怎会是天人前来欲占据我的居所呢?」天人答曰:「是的,我来了。」又说:「即使百姓万众,我也不能违背我的意愿而让他们占据我的家。」居士便怒问:「那么你将成为国王吗?」天人答:「我不是国王。我的仆从甚至十个奴婢,我都不能任凭国王或盗贼来夺取他们。」居士又问:「那我可因汝意愿而予以支持吗?」天人说:「看这二十指头上的戒指,我不会给你。如果你有能力,就拿去吧!」天人于是坐在国王所在的高地上,翻越十八肘高的台阶,站立又跨越七十肘高的台阶。如此这般,这等大力士从这儿转向那儿,却连一枚戒指也抓不住。之后,居士说:「这石片如此坚硬,天人啊!」戒指便垂直脱落,二十枚戒指脱落。居士又说:「天人啊,我的仆仆我不能随意交予。」说毕,因王事生起急念,说:「让我出家吧,天人。」天人思索后,仅一句话便说:「你应该出家。」于是在世尊面前出家,不久便证得阿拉汉果位,号曰明觉长老。证得果位时,所有顺缘皆灭,天人将其妻萨突拉迦娑送至北俱卢姆天。
Athekadivasaṃ bhikkhū taṃ āmantetvā, ‘‘āvuso jotika, tasmiṃ pana te pāsāde vā itthiyā vā taṇhā atthī’’ti pucchitvā ‘‘natthāvuso’’ti vutte satthu ārocesuṃ – ‘‘ayaṃ, bhante, abhūtaṃ vatvā aññaṃ byākarotī’’ti. Satthā ‘‘nattheva, bhikkhave, mama puttassa tasmiṃ taṇhā’’ti vatvā imaṃ gāthamāha –
某日,比库们召见明觉长老,问曰:「长老,在你的寺院中有女人欲念吗?」长老答曰:「没有。」世尊便对众人说:「这位尊者没有对自身子利生出欲念。」并作此偈颂说——
§416
416.
‘‘Yodha taṇhaṃ pahantvāna, anāgāro paribbaje;
『战士断绝欲念后,成游方无家者;
Taṇhābhavaparikkhīṇaṃ, tamahaṃ brūmi brāhmaṇa’’nti.
滑尽欲流之苦,我如今如是说,婆罗门。』
Imissā gāthāyattho heṭṭhā jaṭilattheravatthumhi vuttanayeneva veditabbo.
此偈义理,应依复杂长老的注释来理解。
Desanāvasāne bahū sotāpattiphalādīni pāpuṇiṃsūti.
教诲的结束时说,有许多人得到入流果等诸多利益。
Jotikattheravatthu catutiṃsatimaṃ. · 焦提咖长老事,第三十四。
35. Naṭaputtakattheravatthu三十五、戏子之子长老事
Hitvāti imaṃ dhammadesanaṃ satthā veḷuvane viharanto ekaṃ naṭaputtakaṃ ārabbha kathesi.
这里说“放弃”的缘由,是说佛陀在竹林中安住时,开始与一个舞伎之子讲说佛法。
So kira ekaṃ naṭakīḷaṃ kīḷayamāno vicaranto satthu dhammakathaṃ sutvā pabbajitvā arahattaṃ pāpuṇi. Tasmiṃ buddhappamukhena bhikkhusaṅghena saddhiṃ piṇḍāya pavisante bhikkhū ekaṃ naṭaputtaṃ kīḷantaṃ disvā, ‘‘āvuso, esa tayā kīḷitakīḷitaṃ kīḷati, atthi nu kho te ettha sineho’’ti pucchitvā ‘‘natthī’’ti vutte ‘‘ayaṃ, bhante, abhūtaṃ vatvā aññaṃ byākarotī’’ti āhaṃsu. Satthā tesaṃ kathaṃ sutvā, ‘‘bhikkhave, mama putto sabbayoge atikkanto’’ti vatvā imaṃ gāthamāha –
据说那人一边表演舞剧,一边听佛陀的教法,随后出家并成就阿拉汉果。在那时,众比库逐饭时一同进入,见一比库舞伎之子正在表演,便问他说:『居士,他在此处表演,你对此有爱惜之心吗?』那人回答说『无』,又说『这位尊者放弃了世俗的生活,而专注于其他事物』。听闻此言,世尊告诫众比库说:『比库啊,我的儿子超越了所有的束缚』,然后说道以下偈句——
§417
417.
‘‘Hitvā mānusakaṃ yogaṃ, dibbaṃ yogaṃ upaccagā;
『放弃了人的束缚,取而代之的是神圣的束缚;
Sabbayogavisaṃyuttaṃ, tamahaṃ brūmi brāhmaṇa’’nti.
断除了所有的束缚,我对此庄严讲说,婆罗门啊。』
Tattha mānusakaṃ yoganti mānusakaṃ āyuñceva pañca kāmaguṇe ca. Dibbayogepi eseva nayo. Upaccagāti yo mānusakaṃ yogaṃ hitvā dibbaṃ yogaṃ atikkanto, taṃ sabbehi catūhipi yogehi visaṃyuttaṃ ahaṃ brāhmaṇaṃ vadāmīti attho.
那里所谓人的结合,是指人在五种欲乐以及生命本身的结合。这种说法同样适用于天上之结合。所谓上升者,是指舍弃此人的结合而超越天上结合的,那种结合与四合结合全部断绝,我称之为婆罗门的含义。
Desanāvasāne bahū sotāpattiphalādīni pāpuṇiṃsūti.
在说法结束时,众多修行者获得了初果等果位。
Naṭaputtakattheravatthu pañcatiṃsatimaṃ. · 戏子之子长老事,第三十五。
36. Naṭaputtakattheravatthu三十六、戏子之子长老事
Hitvā ratiñcāti imaṃ dhammadesanaṃ satthā veḷuvane viharanto ekaṃ naṭaputtakaṃyeva ārabbha kathesi. Vatthu purimasadisameva. Idha pana satthā, ‘‘bhikkhave, mama putto ratiñca aratiñca pahāya ṭhito’’ti vatvā imaṃ gāthamāha –
舍弃爱欲,就是说在韦卢笈多林中说法的圣者,像讲述一个舞者的故事一般开始讲解。事理与以前所说相同。圣者对弟子们说:『比库们,我的儿子离弃了爱与不爱安立着』,并作此偈言——
§418
418.
四百一十八。
‘‘Hitvā ratiñca aratiñca, sītibhūtaṃ nirūpadhiṃ;
『弃爱亦弃不爱,冷静无滞碍,
Sabbalokābhibhuṃ vīraṃ, tamahaṃ brūmi brāhmaṇa’’nti.
寰宇之主勇士,今我名为婆罗门。』
Tattha ratinti pañcakāmaguṇaratiṃ. Aratinti araññavāse ukkaṇṭhitattaṃ. Sītibhūtanti nibbutaṃ. Nirūpadhinti nirupakkilesaṃ. Vīranti taṃ evarūpaṃ sabbaṃ khandhalokaṃ abhibhavitvā ṭhitaṃ vīriyavantaṃ ahaṃ brāhmaṇaṃ vadāmīti attho.
其中,所谓如意乐者,是指对五欲之乐起欢喜;不如意乐者,是指出入于林野生活时所显现的忿恨;寒冷者,则谓心境恬静寂灭无散乱;寂灭者,是指断除烦恼无染污;勇敢者,则是指克服此等一切蕴界境界,坚定而且有勇力的。我说我是婆罗门,意即此义。
Desanāvasāne bahū sotāpattiphalādīni pāpuṇiṃsūti.
说法结束时,多人皆得斯陀含果及诸果等。
Naṭaputtakattheravatthu chattiṃsatimaṃ. · 纳德子长老事 第三十六。
37. Vaṅgīsattheravatthu37. 旺基萨长老事
Cutiṃyo vedīti imaṃ dhammadesanaṃ satthā jetavane viharanto vaṅgīsattheraṃ ārabbha kathesi.
据说,名叫朱提约维底的长老,是在祇树给孤独园中说此法的教师,开始讲述这部法。
Rājagahe kireko brāhmaṇo vaṅgīso nāma matamanussānaṃ sīsaṃ ākoṭetvā ‘‘idaṃ niraye nibbattassa sīsaṃ, idaṃ tiracchānayoniyaṃ, idaṃ pettivisaye, idaṃ manussaloke, idaṃ devaloke nibbattassa sīsa’’nti jānāti. Brāhmaṇā ‘‘sakkā imaṃ nissāya lokaṃ khāditu’’nti cintetvā taṃ dve rattavatthāni paridahāpetvā ādāya janapadaṃ carantā manusse vadanti ‘‘eso vaṅgīso nāma brāhmaṇo matamanussānaṃ sīsaṃ ākoṭetvā nibbattaṭṭhānaṃ jānāti, attano ñātakānaṃ nibbattaṭṭhānaṃ pucchathā’’ti. Manussā yathābalaṃ dasapi kahāpaṇe vīsatipi satampi datvā ñātakānaṃ nibbattaṭṭhānaṃ pucchanti. Te anupubbena sāvatthiṃ patvā jetavanassa avidūre nivāsaṃ gaṇhiṃsu. Te bhuttapātarāsā mahājanaṃ gandhamālādihatthaṃ dhammassavanāya gacchantaṃ disvā ‘‘kahaṃ gacchathā’’ti pucchitvā ‘‘vihāraṃ dhammassavanāyā’’ti vutte ‘‘tattha gantvā kiṃ karissatha, amhākaṃ vaṅgīsabrāhmaṇena sadiso nāma natthi, matamanussānaṃ sīsaṃ ākoṭetvā nibbattaṭṭhānaṃ jānāti, ñātakānaṃ nibbattaṭṭhānaṃ pucchathā’’ti āhaṃsu. Te ‘‘vaṅgīso kiṃ jānāti , amhākaṃ satthārā sadiso nāma natthī’’ti vatvā itarehipi ‘‘vaṅgīsasadiso natthī’’ti vutte kathaṃ vaḍḍhetvā ‘‘etha, dāni vo vaṅgīsassa vā amhākaṃ vā satthu jānanabhāvaṃ jānissāmā’’ti te ādāya vihāraṃ agamaṃsu. Satthā tesaṃ āgamanabhāvaṃ ñatvā niraye tiracchānayoniyaṃ manussaloke devaloketi catūsu ṭhānesu nibbattānaṃ cattāri sīsāni, khīṇāsavasīsañcāti pañca sīsāni āharāpetvā paṭipāṭiyā ṭhapetvā āgatakāle vaṅgīsaṃ pucchi – ‘‘tvaṃ kira sīsaṃ ākoṭetvā matakānaṃ nibbattaṭṭhānaṃ jānāsī’’ti? ‘‘Āma, jānāmī’’ti. ‘‘Idaṃ kassa sīsa’’nti? So taṃ ākoṭetvā ‘‘niraye nibbattassā’’ti āha. Athassa satthā ‘‘sādhu sādhū’’ti sādhukāraṃ datvā itarānipi tīṇi sīsāni pucchitvā tena avirajjhitvā vuttavuttakkhaṇe tatheva tassa sādhukāraṃ datvā pañcamaṃ sīsaṃ dassetvā ‘‘idaṃ kassa sīsa’’nti pucchi, so tampi ākoṭetvā nibbattaṭṭhānaṃ na jānāti.
在王舍城,有一婆罗门名曰罽宾,了解人类头颅所在之苦地,曰:“此乃地狱头颅,此乃畜生道处,此乃饿鬼国,此乃人间,此乃天界,头颅皆生于此。”婆罗门便思惟“岂可依此世间而啖此头颅”,于是烧毁两夜香,带至乡野流转,对人言:“此婆罗门名罽宾,明了人头所在之处,且探问其亲族去处。”人们便将微薄的钱财奉献,探问亲族归所。他们陆续抵达洒果伐城,住于离祇树园不远的居所。食客手持大香、听法众多,见此即问:“去哪儿?”对曰:“听法处。”又问:“过去将作何为?”答曰:“罽宾婆罗门能明人头之所在,且问亲族归所。”众曰:“罽宾所知何事?我等师长何等亦不知。”又与他人说“罽宾所知不及,如何增长?今当了知你们与罽宾师父谁更通晓。”于是前往该处。世尊知其来意,知其生于地狱、畜生、饿鬼、人间、天界中生死之四处头颅,聚五头,循序安置。来时问罽宾:“你明了人头所在不?”答:“是,知之。”问:“此头属谁?”罽宾指示曰:“生于地狱中。”世尊赞曰:“善哉!”,赏赐赞叹,其他三头亦问,罽宾不染垢净俱答,世尊复以赞叹及第五头予以示现,问其属谁,罽宾指示,却不知归处。
Atha naṃ satthā ‘‘kiṃ, vaṅgīsa, na jānāsī’’ti vatvā, ‘‘āma, na jānāmī’’ti vutte ‘‘ahaṃ jānāmī’’ti āha. Atha naṃ vaṅgīso yāci ‘‘detha me imaṃ manta’’nti. Na sakkā apabbajitassa dātunti. So ‘‘imasmiṃ mante gahite sakalajambudīpe ahaṃ jeṭṭhako bhavissāmī’’ti cintetvā te brāhmaṇe ‘‘tumhe tattheva katipāhaṃ vasatha, ahaṃ pabbajissāmī’’ti uyyojetvā satthu santike pabbajitvā laddhūpasampado vaṅgīsatthero nāma ahosi. Athassa satthā dvattiṃsākārakammaṭṭhānaṃ datvā ‘‘mantassa parikammaṃ sajjhāyāhī’’ti āha. So taṃ sajjhāyanto antarantarā brāhmaṇehi ‘‘gahito te manto’’ti pucchiyamāno ‘‘āgametha tāva, gaṇhāmī’’ti vatvā katipāheneva arahattaṃ patvā puna brāhmaṇehi puṭṭho ‘‘abhabbo dānāhaṃ, āvuso, gantu’’nti āha. Taṃ sutvā bhikkhū ‘‘ayaṃ, bhante, abhūtena aññaṃ byākarotī’’ti satthu ārocesuṃ. Satthā ‘‘mā, bhikkhave, evaṃ avacuttha, idāni, bhikkhave, mama putto cutipaṭisandhikusalo jāto’’ti vatvā imā gāthā abhāsi –
于是世尊问:“罽宾,你不知者为何?”答曰:“是的,我不知。”世尊又问:“我知。”罽宾恳求曰:“请授我此咒语。”世尊谓:“未出家人不可授。”罽宾思想:“若获此咒语,遍满整个聚集界,我将尊贵第一。”于是教诲众婆罗门:“你们此处居住数月后,我当出家。”他于世尊前受具足戒,得阿拉汉果,号罽宾长老。世尊传授二十二法门曰:“当修持此咒语功课。”罽宾受教后,间或被婆罗门问:“咒语得否?”答曰:“来者,我领受。”且一月后证阿拉汉果,又答曰:“我不能舍弃乞食。”听闻此事,比库们谓:“尊者硬心肠,施他法别有玄机。”世尊告诫众比库:“勿乱言,如今吾儿刚生时,已得出离涅槃妙果。”继而宣说偈颂————
§419
419.
四百一十九。
‘‘Cutiṃ yo vedi sattānaṃ, upapattiñca sabbaso;
「众生之所知其终,及一切生起,皆悉明了;
Asattaṃ sugataṃ buddhaṃ, tamahaṃ brūmi brāhmaṇaṃ.
我今称颂非凡已逝佛陀,正是真觉之尊,婆罗门啊。」
§420
420.
第四二〇偈。
‘‘Yassa gatiṃ na jānanti, devā gandhabbamānusā;
「而那些不知其归所者,天人及鬼神众生,
Khīṇāsavaṃ arahantaṃ, tamahaṃ brūmi brāhmaṇa’’nti.
我称颂已断尽谬执之阿拉汉,断除烦恼之圣者,婆罗门啊。」
Tattha yo vedīti yo sattānaṃ sabbākārena cutiñca paṭisandhiñca pākaṭaṃ katvā jānāti, tamahaṃ alaggatāya asattaṃ, paṭipattiyā suṭṭhu gatattā sugataṃ, catunnaṃ saccānaṃ buddhatāya buddhaṃ brāhmaṇaṃ vadāmīti attho. Yassāti yassete devādayo gatiṃ na jānanti, tamahaṃ āsavānaṃ khīṇatāya khīṇāsavaṃ, kilesehi ārakattā arahantaṃ brāhmaṇaṃ vadāmīti attho.
于此〈众生所知终极〉者,谓彼明了众生一切终结与再生之果报显然悉知者,吾今称之为殊胜已逝非凡之佛陀,因其实际之修行而得善趣之已往觉者之义。所谓「不知归所」者,天人鬼神等未识其去处者,即是已断灭烦恼,远离染污之阿拉汉,即是远离烦恼之圣者也。吾今称此为婆罗门之义。
Desanāvasāne bahū sotāpattiphalādīni pāpuṇiṃsūti.
说法结束时,众多如初果圣果等各种圣果均已获得。
Vaṅgīsattheravatthu sattatiṃsatimaṃ. · 旺基萨长老事 第三十七。
38. Dhammadinnattherīvatthu38. 法施长老尼事
Yassāti imaṃ dhammadesanaṃ satthā veḷuvane viharanto dhammadinnaṃ nāma bhikkhuniṃ ārabbha kathesi.
所谓此在教法中释,谓一位比库尼被称为法施者,当时师长住于竹林中,向其宣说此法。
Ekadivasañhi tassā gihikāle sāmiko visākho upāsako satthu santike dhammaṃ sutvā anāgāmiphalaṃ patvā cintesi – ‘‘mayā sabbaṃ sāpateyyaṃ dhammadinnaṃ paṭicchāpetuṃ vaṭṭatī’’ti. So tato pubbe āgacchanto dhammadinnaṃ vātapānena olokentiṃ disvā sitaṃ karoti. Taṃ divasaṃ pana vātapānena ṭhitaṃ anolokentova agamāsi. Sā ‘‘kiṃ nu kho ida’’nti cintetvā ‘‘hotu, bhojanakāle jānissāmī’’ti bhojanavelāya bhattaṃ upanāmesi. So aññesu divasesu ‘‘ehi, ekato bhuñjāmā’’ti vadati, taṃ divasaṃ pana tuṇhībhūtova bhuñji. Sā ‘‘kenacideva kāraṇena kupito bhavissatī’’ti cintesi. Atha naṃ visākho sukhanisinnavelāya taṃ pakkositvā ‘‘dhammadinne imasmiṃ gehe sabbaṃ sāpateyyaṃ paṭicchāhī’’ti āha. Sā ‘‘kuddhā nāma sāpateyyaṃ na paṭicchāpenti, kiṃ nu kho eta’’nti cintetvā ‘‘tumhe pana, sāmī’’ti āha. Ahaṃ ito paṭṭhāya na kiñci vicāremīti. Tumhehi chaḍḍitaṃ kheḷaṃ ko paṭicchissati, evaṃ sante mama pabbajjaṃ anujānāthāti. So ‘‘sādhu, bhadde’’ti sampaṭicchitvā mahantena sakkārena taṃ bhikkhunīupassayaṃ netvā pabbājesi. Sā laddhūpasampadā dhammadinnattherī nāma ahosi.
一日,居家期间,其主人维萨迦天人,近事男闻师长面前的法,得无来果,心念:‘我当完全供养法施者。’此后,年复一年来访法施者,看到其因风病而观察调护,便为其调护。那日其因风病凝坐而未加观察即去。比库尼怀疑其为何如此,心谓:‘且待到饮食时,必知其因。’饮食时,她将饭菜递上。他日,众人劝句曰:“来,一同用餐。”那日其却独自进食。比库尼思虑:“不知因何缘故,主人必生嗔恚。”维萨迦天人适闲坐时,怂恿说道:“当在法施者家中,尽实行所有供养。”比库尼心忆:“嗔恚者岂供养?岂能供养?何况此?”乃谓:“你们主家吧。”心曰:“我不去关心任何事。”又云:“被你们弃置的戏耍,谁将承受?既如此,容我受出家。”师长赞许其意,与极大威仪护持,领其近戒,乃受具足戒,比库尼名叫法施长老女。
Sā pavivekakāmatāya bhikkhunīhi saddhiṃ janapadaṃ gantvā tattha viharantī na cirasseva saha paṭisambhidāhi arahattaṃ patvā ‘‘idāni maṃ nissāya ñātijanā puññāni karissantī’’ti punadeva rājagahaṃ paccāgañchi. Upāsako tassā āgatabhāvaṃ sutvā ‘‘kena nu kho kāraṇena āgatā’’ti bhikkhunīupassayaṃ gantvā theriṃ vanditvā ekamantaṃ nisinno ‘‘ukkaṇṭhitā nu khosi, ayyeti vattuṃ appatirūpaṃ, pañhamekaṃ naṃ pucchissāmī’’ti cintetvā sotāpattimagge pañhaṃ pucchi, sā taṃ vissajjesi. Upāsako teneva upāyena sesamaggesupi pañhaṃ pucchitvā atikkamma pañhassa puṭṭhakāle tāya ‘‘accayāsi, āvuso, visākhā’’ti vatvā ‘‘ākaṅkhamāno satthāraṃ upasaṅkamitvā imaṃ pañhaṃ puccheyyāsī’’ti vutte theriṃ vanditvā uṭṭhāyāsanā satthu santikaṃ gantvā taṃ kathāsallāpaṃ sabbaṃ bhagavato ārocesi. Satthā ‘‘sukathitaṃ mama dhītāya dhammadinnāya, ahampetaṃ pañhaṃ vissajjento evameva vissajjeyya’’nti vatvā dhammaṃ desento imaṃ gāthamāha –
因希求独处与诸比库尼同行,前往一村落住持,不久即与沙利子等共证阿拉汉果,心念:“以后依靠此,我亲属必作功德。”后来复从王舍城返来。近事男闻其来访,问:“为何因由而来?”遂往比库尼所,礼拜长老,侧坐思惟:“是否怀有疑惑?师意或不悦,我当问其一疑。”遂在通往阿拉汉果之道问其疑,长老释疑。近事男又以计略依次问诸疑题,经过问答,时间终尽,谓:“感激,维萨迦,欲向师长进问此疑。”遂礼拜长老起坐,就师长处,复一一详述此问答。世尊言:“此法施女,我女所说甚善,我释此疑,应复依此释。”遂宣说法句曰——
§421
421.
四百二十一。
‘‘Yassa pure ca pacchā ca, majjhe ca natthi kiñcanaṃ;
‘其前其后,其中无任何虚妄;’
Akiñcanaṃ anādānaṃ, tamahaṃ brūmi brāhmaṇa’’nti.
‘无所取,无所为,我如是说,婆罗门。’
Tattha pureti atītesu khandhesu. Pacchāti anāgatesu khandhesu. Majjheti paccuppannesu khandhesu. Natthi kiñcananti yassetesu ṭhānesu taṇhāgāhasaṅkhātaṃ kiñcanaṃ natthi, tamahaṃ rāgakiñcanādīhi akiñcanaṃ kassaci gahaṇassa abhāvena anādānaṃ brāhmaṇaṃ vadāmīti attho.
这里说的“过去”,指过去的五蕴;“将来”,指未来的五蕴;“现在”,指当下现起的五蕴。若在这些五蕴的任何处所,所谓以渴爱为名的任何事物都不存在,我便称之为无取无为婆罗门,谓无所有或无所贪著之义。
Desanāvasāne bahū sotāpattiphalādīni pāpuṇiṃsūti.
讲述结束时,许多听众获得了入流果等果位。
Dhammadinnattherīvatthu aṭṭhatiṃsatimaṃ. · 法施长老尼事 第三十八。
39. Aṅgulimālattheravatthu39. 鸯掘魔长老事
Usabhanti imaṃ dhammadesanaṃ satthā jetavane viharanto aṅgulimālattheraṃ ārabbha kathesi. Vatthu ‘‘na ve kadariyā devalokaṃ vajantī’’ti (dha. pa. 177) gāthāvaṇṇanāya vuttameva. Vuttañhi tattha –
有言“野牛”,是说世尊在揭林精舍住时,提起长老阿ṅ古里玛拉。此处根据经中所述诗句“从不屠戮神界诸众生”(出处:某经文第177行),对该诗句作了解释。
Bhikkhū aṅgulimālaṃ pucchiṃsu – ‘‘kiṃ nu kho, āvuso aṅgulimāla, duṭṭhahatthiṃ chattaṃ dhāretvā ṭhitaṃ disvā bhāyī’’ti? ‘‘Na bhāyiṃ, āvuso’’ti. Te satthāraṃ upasaṅkamitvā āhaṃsu – ‘‘aṅgulimālo, bhante, aññaṃ byākarotī’’ti. Satthā ‘‘na, bhikkhave, mama putto aṅgulimālo bhāyati. Khīṇāsavausabhānañhi antare jeṭṭhakausabhā mama puttasadisā bhikkhū na bhāyantī’’ti vatvā imaṃ gāthamāha –
比库们问阿ṅ古里玛拉:“阿ṅ古里玛拉,你是否因携带恶象的伞而感到恐惧?”阿ṅ古里玛拉答:“不恐惧,朋友。”他们便走近世尊,说:“阿ṅ古里玛拉,比库,另有所为。”世尊答:“比库们,我的儿子阿ṅ古里玛拉不怕恶象。在无余涅槃的野牛中,我的儿子宛如最年长之牛,诸比库也不惧怕。”说完此语,世尊又颂唱了这首诗:
§422
422.
四百二十二。
‘‘Usabhaṃ pavaraṃ vīraṃ, mahesiṃ vijitāvinaṃ;
「犀牛最勇猛,胜过诸勇士,征服三恶魔的至尊主宰;
Anejaṃ nhātakaṃ buddhaṃ, tamahaṃ brūmi brāhmaṇa’’nti.
是无畏者、灭垢者,我今称颂此佛,婆罗门。」
Tassattho – acchambhitaṭṭhena usabhasadisatāya usabhaṃ uttamaṭṭhena pavaraṃ vīriyasampattiyā vīraṃ mahantānaṃ sīlakkhandhādīnaṃ esitattā mahesiṃ tiṇṇaṃ mārānaṃ vijitattā vijitāvinaṃ nhātakilesatāya nhātakaṃ catusaccabuddhatāya buddhaṃ taṃ evarūpaṃ ahaṃ brāhmaṇaṃ vadāmīti attho.
此处意旨:凭借其威严之姿,犀牛象征坚固威猛;力量充盈,勇士中最杰出;乃由具足伟大戒律蕴藏者显现为至尊;三恶魔尽皆被其征服,故号为胜者;又因灭除污秽,证得四圣谛而称为佛。婆罗门,我如是宣说。
Desanāvasāne bahū sotāpattiphalādīni pāpuṇiṃsūti.
此经终结之时,诸多闻者得殊胜果报,成就入流及以上圣果。
Aṅgulimālattheravatthu ekūnacattālīsaṃ. · 鸯掘魔罗长老事,第三十九。
40. Devahitabrāhmaṇavatthu40. 迭瓦希德婆罗门事
Pubbenivāsanti imaṃ dhammadesanaṃ satthā jetavane viharanto devahitabrāhmaṇassa pañhaṃ ārabbha kathesi.
以往世时,导师住在祇树给孤独园,乃对天神婆罗门开始讲授此法。
Ekasmiñhi samaye bhagavā vātarogena ābādhiko hutvā upavāṇattheraṃ uṇhodakatthāya devahitabrāhmaṇassa santikaṃ pahiṇi. So gantvā satthu ābādhikabhāvaṃ ācikkhitvā uṇhodakaṃ yāci, taṃ sutvā brāhmaṇo tuṭṭhamānaso hutvā ‘‘lābhā vata me, yaṃ mama santikaṃ sammāsambuddho uṇhodakassatthāya sāvakaṃ pahiṇī’’ti uṇhodakassa kājaṃ purisena gāhāpetvā phāṇitassa ca puṭaṃ upavāṇattherassa pādāsi. Thero taṃ gāhāpetvā vihāraṃ gantvā satthāraṃ uṇhodakena nhāpetvā uṇhodakena phāṇitaṃ āloḷetvā bhagavato pādāsi, tassa taṅkhaṇeyeva so ābādho paṭipassambhi. Brāhmaṇo cintesi – ‘‘kassa nu kho deyyadhammo dinno mahapphalo hoti, satthāraṃ pucchissāmī’’ti so satthu santikaṃ gantvā tamatthaṃ pucchanto imaṃ gāthamāha –
一时,世尊患风疾微恙,便派遣优婆难陀长老假借饮热水之名,前往天神婆罗门处。其往时,述说世尊病体情况,并请求热水。婆罗门闻讯心生欢喜,谓曰:「我得大利,世尊亲自遣使取水。」遂将盛水之壶以手递给长老。长老持壶归,复以热水为世尊沐浴,清洗其壶及壶盖。世尊之足亦由热水沐浴,风疾当下平息。婆罗门思惟:「此何等天法赐予大利?我要亲诣世尊,详加问讯。」遂往见世尊,询问因由,且作此偈赞曰:
‘‘Kattha dajjā deyyadhammaṃ, kattha dinnaṃ mahapphalaṃ;
「何处施予布施之法,何处赐予大利益?
Kathañhi yajamānassa, kathaṃ ijjhati dakkhiṇā’’ti. (saṃ. ni. 1.199);
施主如何供养,给予何种供养?」如是问曰。(见《大小事经》第一卷199经)
Athassa satthā ‘‘evarūpassa brāhmaṇassa dinnaṃ mahapphalaṃ hotī’’ti vatvā brāhmaṇaṃ pakāsento imaṃ gāthamāha –
尔时圣者说:「赐予此般婆罗门大利益。」说毕,于婆罗门显明而说此偈—
§423
423.
四百二十三。
‘‘Pubbenivāsaṃ yo vedi, saggāpāyañca passati;
「曾知其前世,见证天界之往昔;
Atho jātikkhayaṃ patto, abhiññāvosito muni; (Saṃ. ni. 1.199);
继而获生尽,得证神通者圣人。」(《大小事经》第一卷199经)
Sabbavositavosānaṃ, tamahaṃ brūmi brāhmaṇa’’nti.
『一切烦恼之终结』,我称之为『婆罗门』。
Tassattho – yo pubbenivāsaṃ pākaṭaṃ katvā jānāti, chabbīsatidevalokabhedaṃ saggañca catubbidhaṃ apāyañca dibbacakkhunā passati, atho jātikkhayasaṅkhātaṃ arahattaṃ patto, abhiññeyyaṃ dhammaṃ abhijānitvā pariññeyyaṃ parijānitvā pahātabbaṃ pahāya sacchikātabbaṃ sacchikatvā vosiko niṭṭhānaṃ patto, vusitavosānaṃ vā patto, āsavakkhayapaññāya monabhāvaṃ pattattā muni, tamahaṃ sabbesaṃ kilesānaṃ vosānaṃ arahattamaggañāṇaṃ brahmacariyavāsaṃ vutthabhāvena sabbavositavosānaṃ brāhmaṇaṃ vadāmīti.
其意为何?谓为——通晓前生世间,了知过去世,亦能明了三十三天与四种天上福乐,以及恶趣之分别,借神通眼见。此外,证得出生死已尽、修成阿拉汉果,洞悉可证法并了知所学法,能舍弃应舍之法,证实已实证之果,断除烦恼之道已成,住持梵行而成全破除一切烦恼之婆罗门者,我谓之阿拉汉。
Desanāvasāne bahū sotāpattiphalādīni pāpuṇiṃsu. Brāhmaṇopi pasannamānaso saraṇesu patiṭṭhāya upāsakattaṃ pavedesīti.
于说法终结时,众多弟子皆获得初果等果位。婆罗门心怀欢喜,坚立于三宝之中,遂勉励为近士。
Devahitabrāhmaṇavatthu cattālīsaṃ. · 迭瓦希德婆罗门事,第四十。
Brāhmaṇavaggavaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā. · 婆罗门品释义完毕。
Chabbīsatimo vaggo. · 第二十六品。
Nigamanakathā结论
Ettāvatā sabbapaṭhame yamakavagge cuddasa vatthūni, appamādavagge nava, cittavagge nava, pupphavagge dvādasa, bālavagge pannarasa, paṇḍitavagge ekādasa, arahantavagge dasa, sahassavagge cuddasa, pāpavagge dvādasa, daṇḍavagge ekādasa, jarāvagge nava, attavagge dasa, lokavagge ekādasa, buddhavagge nava, sukhavagge aṭṭha, piyavagge nava, kodhavagge aṭṭha, malavagge dvādasa, dhammaṭṭhavagge dasa, maggavagge dvādasa, pakiṇṇakavagge nava, nirayavagge nava, nāgavagge aṭṭha, taṇhāvagge dvādasa, bhikkhuvagge dvādasa, brāhmaṇavagge cattālīsāti pañcādhikāni tīṇi vatthusatāni pakāsetvā nātisaṅkhepanātivitthāravasena uparacitā dvāsattatibhāṇavārapamāṇā dhammapadassa atthavaṇṇanā niṭṭhitāti.
此处初论集『两分法』章中,共有十七个主题篇章:勤励篇九个,心篇九个,花篇十二个,愚篇十五个,智篇十一,阿拉汉篇十,诸千篇十七,恶篇十二,罚篇十一,老篇九,自性篇十,界篇十一,佛篇九,乐篇八,爱篇九,嗔篇八,秽篇十二,法立篇十,道篇十二,杂篇九,地狱篇九,龙篇八,渴爱篇十二,比库篇十二,婆罗门篇四十三余三百篇文章。此乃《法句经》之详尽注解已毕。
Pattaṃ dhammapadaṃ yena, dhammarājenanuttaraṃ;
这部法句经乃由法王最上尊者所成就。
Gāthā dhammapade tena, bhāsitā yā mahesinā.
此诗句法句,皆由尊贵大导师所宣说。
Satevīsā catussatā, catusaccavibhāvinā;
真实有三百六十七种,以四圣谛的分别为准;
Satattayañhi vatthūnaṃ, pañcādhikā samuṭṭhitā.
这三类的事物本质上,超越五种,是相应所起的;
Vihāre adhirājena, kāritamhi kataññunā;
由国王所建造的寺院,由知恩者所成就;
Pāsāde sirikūṭassa, rañño viharatā mayā.
在光辉的宫殿上,我常居留于国王的住所中;
Atthabyañjanasampannaṃ, atthāya ca hitāya ca;
充满意义和象征,既为自身之利益,也为他人之利益;
Lokassa lokanāthassa, saddhammaṭṭhitikamyatā.
为了世尊及世尊所处的正法稳定而建。
Tāsaṃ aṭṭhakathaṃ etaṃ, karontena sunimmalaṃ;
此为其注疏,行者以此为清净法义;
Dvāsattatipamāṇāya, bhāṇavārehi pāḷiyā.
以二百三十节,为语块,使用巴利文疏解;
Yaṃ pattaṃ kusalaṃ tena, kusalā sabbapāṇinaṃ;
其获之善法,令众生皆得成就;
Sabbe ijjhantu saṅkappā, labhantu madhuraṃ phalanti.
诸善意愿皆生,获甜美果报;
Paramavisuddhasaddhābuddhivīriyapaṭimaṇḍitena sīlācārajjavamaddavādiguṇasamudayasamuditena sakasamayasamayantaragahanajjhogāhaṇasamatthena paññāveyyattiyasamannāgatena tipiṭakapariyattippabhede sāṭṭhakathe satthusāsane appaṭihatañāṇappabhāvena mahāveyyākaraṇena karaṇasampattijanitasukhaviniggatamadhurodāravacanalāvaṇṇayuttena yuttamuttavādinā vādīvarena mahākavinā pabhinnapaṭisambhidāparivāre chaḷabhiññāpaṭisambhidādippabhedaguṇapaṭimaṇḍite uttarimanussadhamme suppatiṭṭhitabuddhīnaṃ theravaṃsappadīpānaṃ therānaṃ mahāvihāravāsīnaṃ vaṃsālaṅkārabhūtena vipulavisuddhabuddhinā buddhaghosoti garūhi gahitanāmadheyyena therena katāyaṃ dhammapadaṭṭhakathā –
以极清净信心、智慧、精进乃至戒律行持之刚健、柔和语言及诸善妙品质所生悉集,受同时间涵盖、不能违越、洞达诸法,具足智慧、论藏知识分科之详备注释,明了正法,经由大明针织成,蕴含幸福与圆满报得之美妙殊胜言辞,契合圣说,法律辩论上具大才,出自伟大诗圣,明了不同解义及六通慧等诸多殊胜功德,依正法人身临佛之时代,属长老系谱光明,诸大长老集会所传,袈裟配饰丰厚,智慧清净广大,著名佛音大师所成此法句集注疏——
Tāva tiṭṭhatu lokasmiṃ, lokanittharaṇesinaṃ;
愿其恒立于世间,助益众生渡彼彼岸;
Dassentī kulaputtānaṃ, nayaṃ saddhādibuddhiyā.
此处指的是世尊是众生所信奉的导师,乃父族子弟中凭信心等觉的教导者。
Yāva buddhoti nāmampi, suddhacittassa tādino;
只要称为佛,而这名号属于清净心者的同类;
Lokamhi lokajeṭṭhassa, pavattati mahesinoti.
在世间中,作为世间最尊者,即为至尊圣圣者而行教法。
Iti tevīsādhikacatusatagāthāpañcādhikatisatavatthupaṭimaṇḍitā · 如是以四百二十三偈、三百零五事庄严,
Chabbīsativaggasamannāgatā dhammapadavaṇṇanā samattā. · 具足二十六品的法句义释完毕。
Dhammapada-aṭṭhakathā sabbākārena niṭṭhitā. · 法句注疏一切方面圆满完成。