(9) 4. Theravaggo · (9) 4. 长老品复注
(9) 4. Theravaggo（九）第四 长老品
1-8. Vāhanasuttādivaṇṇanā一至八 车经等之义注
§81-88
81-88. Catutthassa paṭhame vimariyādīkatenāti nimmariyādīkatena. Cetasāti evaṃvidhena cittena viharati. Tattha dve mariyādā kilesamariyādā ca ārammaṇamariyādā ca. Sace hissa rūpādike ārabbha rāgādayo uppajjeyyuṃ, kilesamariyādā tena katā bhaveyya. Tesu panassa ekopi na uppannoti kilesamariyādā natthi. Sace panassa rūpādidhamme āvajjentassa ekacce āpāthaṃ nāgaccheyyuṃ, evamassa ārammaṇamariyādā bhaveyya. Te panassa dhamme āvajjentassa āpāthaṃ anāgatadhammo nāma natthīti ārammaṇamariyādāpi natthi. Idha pana kilesamariyādā adhippetāti āha ‘‘kilesamariyādaṃ bhinditvā’’tiādi. Tatiyādīsu natthi vattabbaṃ.
第八十一至八十八句。第四章第一条中所言“卑劣敬戒”即以不敬戒为义。所谓心者，即如是种种以心为所依住。其中心有二：敬戒即烦恼敬戒，以及根本敬戒。如果从他的色等法起发瞋恨等，便成烦恼敬戒。此中烦恼敬戒必无一例不生。若色等法起妨害，有些甚至不产生危害，这便是根本敬戒。被妨害的法，若称为未来法则不存在，因此根本敬戒亦无。此处烦恼敬戒为主导时，谓“破坏烦恼敬戒”等。其后三种不可说。
Vāhanasuttādivaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā. · 车经等之义注已毕。
9-10. Kokālikasuttādivaṇṇanā九至十 国咖离咖经等之义注
§89-90
89-90. Navame (saṃ. ni. ṭī. 1.1.181) kokālikanāmakā dve bhikkhū. Tato idhādhippetaṃ niddhāretvā dassetuṃ ‘‘koyaṃ kokāliko’’ti pucchā. Suttassa aṭṭhuppattiṃ dassetuṃ ‘‘kasmā ca upasaṅkamī’’ti pucchā. Ayaṃ kirātiādi yathākkamaṃ tāsaṃ vissajjanaṃ. Vivekavāsaṃ vasitukāmattā appicchatāya ca mā no kassaci…pe… vasiṃsu. Āghātaṃ uppādesi attano icchāvighātanato. Therā bhikkhusaṅghassa niyyādayiṃsu payuttavācāya akatattā therehi ca adāpitattā. Pubbepi…pe… maññeti iminā therānaṃ kohaññe ṭhitabhāvaṃ āsaṅkati avaṇe vaṇaṃ passanto viya, suparisuddhe ādāsatale jallaṃ uṭṭhāpento viya ca.
第八十九至九十句。第九章（注释一枚，取一080）有二比库名为库迦里卡。由此产生不敬戒，欲示众问“何者是库迦里卡？”欲显示经文生起之因，问“何故近前？”此等行为乃轻率放逸。为求安静定居，尚且无过，与他无争……等，安住其中。其所生迫害由自身嗔恨生出。长老们遣使告知僧团，传达不合之言，且与长老不和。此前……等，推测此等长老内心怨恨犹如见恶林中者，似清净土地上激流奔涌。
Aparajjhitvāti bhagavato sammukhā ‘‘pāpabhikkhū jātā’’ti vatvā. Mahāsāvajjadassanatthanti mahāsāvajjabhāvadassanatthaṃ, ayameva vā pāṭho. Māhevanti mā evamāha, mā evaṃ bhaṇi. Saddhāya ayo uppādo saddhāyo, taṃ āvahatīti saddhāyikoti āha ‘‘saddhāya āgamakaro’’ti. Saddhāyikoti vā saddhāya ayitabbo, saddheyyoti attho. Tenāha ‘‘saddhātabbavacano vā’’ti.
无所顾忌者，谓世尊在前言言“不善比库生起”。所谓大恶行示现，即显现大恶行者，此即称为“解脱经”。勿言“非是”勿言“如此”，亦勿自言。信心由金属（金刚）生起，信是以引导，谓以信为法蔽者。故称为“应以信称”。“应以信”谓应以信心接受，意即“应信”。由此说“应为称说”。
Pīḷakā nāma bāhirato paṭṭhāya aṭṭhīni bhindanti, imā pana paṭhamaṃyeva aṭṭhīni bhinditvā uggatā. Tenāha ‘‘aṭṭhīni bhinditvā uggatāhi piḷakāhī’’ti. Taruṇabeluvamattiyoti taruṇabillaphalamattiyo. Visagilitoti khittapaharaṇo . Tañca baḷisaṃ visasamaññā loke. Ārakkhadevatānaṃ saddaṃ sutvāti padaṃ ānetvā sambandho.
所谓“皮笳”，在外侧举起时能折断骨节，此处谓初见时即折骨。故说“即折骨而起者诸皮笳也”。“树嫩实少”为树嫩果实之意。“割断重伤”谓痛苦重损。世间以此为坚固。谓闻守护神之名，得语词生起关联。
Brahmaloketi suddhāvāsaloke. Varākoti anuggahavacanametaṃ. Hīnapariyāyoti keci. Piyasīlāti iminā etasmiṃ atthe niruttinayena pesalāti padasiddhīti dasseti. Kabarakkhīnīti byādhibalena paribhinnavaṇṇatāya kabarabhūtāni akkhīni. Yattakanti bhagavato vacanaṃ aññathā karontena yattakaṃ tayā aparaddhaṃ, tassa pamāṇaṃ natthīti attho. Yasmā anāgāmino nāma pahīnakāmacchandabyāpādā honti, tvañca diṭṭhikāmacchandabyāpādavasena idhāgato, tasmā yāvañca te idaṃ aparaddhanti evamettha attho daṭṭhabbo.
所谓“梵天界”谓纯净住处之界。“玷污”为依附之语。所谓“低劣变更”者中有之。“善行”依此意说通，此为文字成就。所谓“病眼”者，由疾病力及邪恶的眼障。谓佛言，改他说者所言“错误”，无此比例。因为无生者断除欲、恚，彼亦今生以断见、欲、恚之故，故此至今谓其为无失。
Adiṭṭhippattoti appattadiṭṭhiko. Gilitaviso viya visaṃ gilitvā ṭhito viya. Kuṭhārisadisā mūlapacchindanaṭṭhena. Uttamattheti arahatte. Khīṇāsavoti vadati sunakkhatto viya acelaṃ korakkhattiyaṃ. Yo aggasāvako viya pasaṃsitabbo khīṇāsavo, taṃ ‘‘dussīlo aya’’nti vadati. Vicinātīti ācinoti pasavati. Pasaṃsiyanindā tāva sampannaguṇaparidhaṃsanavasena pavattiyā sāvajjatāya kaṭukavipākā, nindiyappasaṃsā pana kathaṃ tāya samavipākāti? Tattha avijjamānaguṇasamāropanena attano paresañca micchāpaṭipattihetubhāvato pasaṃsiyena tassa samabhāvakaraṇato ca. Lokepi hi asūraṃ sūrena samaṃ karonto gārayho hoti, pageva duppaṭipannaṃ suppaṭipannena samaṃ karontoti.
所谓“错误现起”谓作非法解。喻如已食毒酒而立。谓以箭遭刺，根部破裂。最高者意义为阿拉汉。谓已断余垢，犹如不结冰之冰，不动摇的猿。若犹如长老弟子应获赞叹者，谓其为“恶行者”者也。谓“取用”为索取，谓“赞叹”即称誉。因称赞与毁谤相生，俱属善恶丸状，苦果难测，毁谤与赞叹孰为彼之感果？此中，因加于己及他错误行持而作虚伪，因其导致称赞。世人亦如阿修罗怒与神同，亦如恶行者与善行者相同者也。
Sakena dhanenāti attano sāpateyyena. Ayaṃ appamattako aparādho diṭṭhadhammikattā sappatikārattā ca tassa. Ayaṃ mahantataro kali katūpacitassa samparāyikattā appatikārattā ca.
『以财富为贿赂者』者，是借用自己所有的财物作为贿赂。这是因不谨慎而犯下的错误，是从观法（真实的法）出发的真实犯罪。此错误比起通常的恶业更为重大，因其属于堕落恶劣的恶业中严重且不应为之的行为。
Nirabbudoti gaṇanāviseso esoti āha ‘‘nirabbudagaṇanāyā’’ti, satasahassaṃ nirabbudānanti attho. Yamariyagarahī nirayaṃ upetīti ettha yathāvuttaāyuppamāṇaṃ pākatikavasena ariyūpavādinā vuttanti veditabbaṃ. Aggasāvakānaṃ pana guṇamahantatāya tatopi ativiya mahantataramevāti vadanti.
『无间地狱』是指一种特别的数量之说，此语意谓“无间地狱计数”，其数约为一千万无间地狱。此处谓如同受生者必向恶趣受生一般，乃由圣者藉其教法以适应而说当体。虽说明上尊弟子们的功德极大，然亦称其功德不过是更巨大之中的一部分。
Athakho brahmā sahampatīti ko ayaṃ brahmā, kasmā ca pana bhagavantaṃ upasaṅkamitvā etadavocāti? Ayaṃ kassapassa bhagavato sāsane sahako nāma bhikkhu anāgāmī hutvā suddhāvāsesu uppanno, tattha sahampati brahmāti sañjānanti. So panāhaṃ bhagavantaṃ upasaṅkamitvā ‘‘padumanirayaṃ kittessāmi, tato bhagavā bhikkhūnaṃ ārocessati, athānusandhikusalā bhikkhū tatthāyuppamāṇaṃ pucchissanti, bhagavā ācikkhanto ariyūpavāde ādīnavaṃ pakāsessatī’’ti iminā kāraṇena bhagavantaṃ upasaṅkamitvā etadavoca.
此处说『与尊梵同住者』，问此梵为何人？为何他能亲近世尊而说此话？此人即是根据咖萨巴尊者所说律藏，是一位得无复过去生者果位的比库，于净众中现起，故称为“与梵同住者”。他曾亲近世尊，说“我将诳谤恶趣，届时世尊告诫比库们坐禅，修习圣道，云将揭露圣道之初期之过患”，因此因由亲近世尊而有此言。
Magadharaṭṭhe saṃvohārato māgadhako pattho, tena. Paccitabbaṭṭhānassāti nirayadukkhena paccitabbappadesassa etaṃ abbudoti nāmaṃ. Vassagaṇanāti ekato paṭṭhāya dasaguṇitaṃ abbudaāyumhi tato aparaṃ vīsatiguṇitaṃ nirabbudādīsu vassagaṇanā veditabbā. Ayañca gaṇanā aparicitānaṃ dukkarāti vuttaṃ ‘‘na taṃ sukaraṃ saṅkhātu’’nti. Keci pana ‘‘tattha tattha paridevanānattena kammakāraṇanānattenapi imāni nāmāni laddhānī’’ti vadanti, apare ‘‘sītanarakā ete’’ti. Sabbatthāti ababādīsu padumapariyosānesu sabbesu nirayesu. Esa nayoti heṭṭhimato uparimassa vīsatiguṇataṃ atidisati. Dasame natthi vattabbaṃ.
关于摩揭陀国田阡计量，乃说“应当知道”的痛苦居处之名称无常。年数计数者，指初始计算一年等于十倍无间寿命，继后二十倍无间寿命等之时数计量。此计数对于不熟悉此事者甚为困难，因此有言“此非易记之”。有者谓“此名称乃因长期所积烦恼苦果而得”者，有人称“此即冷酷恶趣”。“处处”者，指无间地狱所有底层至最高二十倍层。『此下者名』者，指第二十层极为难堪，超过最高层。第十名无地须不加论述。
Kokālikasuttādivaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā. · 国咖离咖经等之义注已毕。
Theravaggavaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā. · 长老品之义注已毕。