(8) 3. Ākaṅkhavaggo(8) 3. 希望品
(8) 3. Ākaṅkhavaggo(8) 3. 希望品
1. Ākaṅkhasuttaṃ1. 希望经
§71
Ekaṃ samayaṃ bhagavā sāvatthiyaṃ viharati jetavane anāthapiṇḍikassa ārāme. Tatra kho bhagavā bhikkhū āmantesi – ‘‘bhikkhavo’’ti. ‘‘Bhadante’’ti te bhikkhū bhagavato paccassosuṃ. Bhagavā etadavoca –
一时,世尊住在沙瓦提城揭德林给孤独园。于此,世尊召唤诸比库:「诸比库。」「尊者。」彼等诸比库回答世尊。世尊如此说:
‘‘Sampannasīlā , bhikkhave, viharatha sampannapātimokkhā, pātimokkhasaṃvarasaṃvutā viharatha ācāragocarasampannā aṇumattesu vajjesu bhayadassāvino, samādāya sikkhatha sikkhāpadesu.
「诸比库,你们应达上而住,具足巴帝摩卡而住,以巴帝摩卡律仪防护而住,具足行处与所行,于微细的罪过中见怖畏,受持学习于诸学处。
‘‘Ākaṅkheyya ce, bhikkhave, bhikkhu ‘sabrahmacārīnaṃ piyo cassaṃ manāpo ca garu ca bhāvanīyo cā’ti, sīlesvevassa paripūrakārī ajjhattaṃ cetosamathamanuyutto anirākatajjhāno vipassanāya samannāgato brūhetā suññāgārānaṃ.
「诸比库,若比库希望『愿我为诸梵行者所喜爱、所尊重、所敬重、所尊敬』,他应当完全履行诸戒,于内修习心寂止,不舍弃禅那,具足观,增长诸空闲处。
‘‘Ākaṅkheyya ce, bhikkhave, bhikkhu ‘lābhī assaṃ cīvarapiṇḍapātasenāsanagilānapaccayabhesajjaparikkhārāna’nti, sīlesvevassa paripūrakārī ajjhattaṃ cetosamathamanuyutto anirākatajjhāno vipassanāya samannāgato brūhetā suññāgārānaṃ.
「诸比库,若比库希望『愿我得到衣、食、坐卧处、病者所需之医药资具』,他应当完全履行诸戒,于内修习心寂止,不舍弃禅那,具足观,增长诸空闲处。
‘‘Ākaṅkheyya ce, bhikkhave, bhikkhu ‘yesāhaṃ paribhuñjāmi cīvarapiṇḍapātasenāsanagilānapaccayabhesajjaparikkhārānaṃ tesaṃ te kārā mahapphalā assu mahānisaṃsā’ti, sīlesvevassa…pe… brūhetā suññāgārānaṃ.
「诸比库,若比库希望『愿我所受用的衣、食、坐卧处、病者所需之医药资具,对那些人来说,那些行为有大果报、大利益』,他应当完全履行诸戒……乃至……增长诸空闲处。
‘‘Ākaṅkheyya ce, bhikkhave , bhikkhu ‘ye me petā ñātī sālohitā kālaṅkatā pasannacittā anussaranti tesaṃ taṃ mahapphalaṃ assa mahānisaṃsa’nti, sīlesvevassa…pe… brūhetā suññāgārānaṃ.
「诸比库,若比库希望『愿我那些已故的亲族血亲,以净信心忆念我,对他们来说,那有大果报、大利益』,他应当完全履行诸戒……乃至……增长诸空闲处。
‘‘Ākaṅkheyya ce, bhikkhave, bhikkhu ‘santuṭṭho assaṃ itarītaracīvarapiṇḍapātasenāsanagilānapaccayabhesajjaparikkhārenā’ti, sīlesvevassa…pe… brūhetā suññāgārānaṃ.
「诸比库,若比库希望『愿我对随得的衣、食、坐卧处、病者所需之医药资具感到知足』,他应当完全履行诸戒……乃至……增长诸空闲处。
‘‘Ākaṅkheyya ce, bhikkhave, bhikkhu ‘khamo assaṃ sītassa uṇhassa jighacchāya pipāsāya ḍaṃsamakasavātātapasarīsapasamphassānaṃ, duruttānaṃ durāgatānaṃ vacanapathānaṃ uppannānaṃ sārīrikānaṃ vedanānaṃ dukkhānaṃ tibbānaṃ kharānaṃ kaṭukānaṃ asātānaṃ amanāpānaṃ pāṇaharānaṃ adhivāsakajātiko assa’nti, sīlesvevassa…pe… brūhetā suññāgārānaṃ.
「诸比库,若比库希望『愿我能忍耐寒、热、饥、渴、虻、蚊、风、炎热、爬虫类的接触,恶言、粗语的言辞,已生起的身体的诸受,苦的、剧烈的、粗重的、辛辣的、不可意的、不合意的、夺命的,成为能忍受者』,他应当完全履行诸戒……乃至……增长诸空闲处。
‘‘Ākaṅkheyya ce, bhikkhave, bhikkhu ‘aratiratisaho assaṃ, na ca maṃ aratirati saheyya, uppannaṃ aratiratiṃ abhibhuyya abhibhuyya vihareyya’nti, sīlesvevassa…pe… brūhetā suññāgārānaṃ.
「诸比库,若比库希望『我应能克服不乐与乐,不让不乐与乐克服我,我应克服、克服已生起的不乐与乐而住』,他应当圆满于诸戒……(中略)……应常行于空闲处。
‘‘Ākaṅkheyya ce, bhikkhave, bhikkhu ‘bhayabheravasaho assaṃ, na ca maṃ bhayabheravo saheyya, uppannaṃ bhayabheravaṃ abhibhuyya abhibhuyya vihareyya’nti, sīlesvevassa…pe… brūhetā suññāgārānaṃ.
「诸比库,若比库希望『我应能克服恐怖畏惧,不让恐怖畏惧克服我,我应克服、克服已生起的恐怖畏惧而住』,他应当圆满于诸戒……(中略)……应常行于空闲处。
‘‘Ākaṅkheyya ce, bhikkhave, bhikkhu ‘catunnaṃ jhānānaṃ ābhicetasikānaṃ diṭṭhadhammasukhavihārānaṃ nikāmalābhī assaṃ akicchalābhī akasiralābhī’ti, sīlesvevassa…pe… brūhetā suññāgārānaṃ.
「诸比库,若比库希望『我应随意获得、不困难地获得、不艰难地获得四禅那——增上心、现法乐住』,他应当圆满于诸戒……(中略)……应常行于空闲处。
‘‘Ākaṅkheyya ce, bhikkhave, bhikkhu ‘āsavānaṃ khayā anāsavaṃ cetovimuttiṃ paññāvimuttiṃ diṭṭheva dhamme sayaṃ abhiññā sacchikatvā upasampajja vihareyya’nti, sīlesvevassa paripūrakārī ajjhattaṃ cetosamathamanuyutto anirākatajjhāno vipassanāya samannāgato brūhetā suññāgārānaṃ.
「诸比库,若比库希望『以诸漏尽,于现法中,以自己的证智作证、具足无漏的心解脱、慧解脱而住』,他应当圆满于诸戒,于内修习心止,不舍弃禅那,具足观,应常行于空闲处。
‘‘‘Sampannasīlā, bhikkhave, viharatha sampannapātimokkhā, pātimokkhasaṃvarasaṃvutā viharatha ācāragocarasampannā aṇumattesu vajjesu bhayadassāvino, samādāya sikkhatha sikkhāpadesū’ti, iti yaṃ taṃ vuttaṃ, idametaṃ paṭicca vutta’’nti. Paṭhamaṃ.
「『诸比库,你们应达上而住,具足巴帝摩卡而住,以巴帝摩卡律仪防护而住,具足行处与所行,于微细的罪过中见怖畏,受持学习于诸学处』,如此,凡所说的,缘于此而说。」第一。
2. Kaṇṭakasuttaṃ2. 刺经
§72
Ekaṃ samayaṃ bhagavā vesāliyaṃ viharati mahāvane kūṭāgārasālāyaṃ sambahulehi abhiññātehi abhiññātehi therehi sāvakehi saddhiṃ – āyasmatā ca cālena , āyasmatā ca upacālena , āyasmatā ca kukkuṭena , āyasmatā ca kaḷimbhena , āyasmatā ca nikaṭena , āyasmatā ca kaṭissahena; aññehi ca abhiññātehi abhiññātehi therehi sāvakehi saddhiṃ.
一时,世尊住在韦萨离大林重阁讲堂,与众多知名的知名的长老弟子们一起——具寿恰喇、具寿乌巴恰喇、具寿咕咕嗒、具寿咖林巴、具寿尼咖嗒、具寿咖帝沙哈;以及其他知名的知名的长老弟子们一起。
Tena kho pana samayena sambahulā abhiññātā abhiññātā licchavī bhadrehi bhadrehi yānehi parapurāya uccāsaddā mahāsaddā mahāvanaṃ ajjhogāhanti bhagavantaṃ dassanāya. Atha kho tesaṃ āyasmantānaṃ etadahosi – ‘‘ime kho sambahulā abhiññātā abhiññātā licchavī bhadrehi bhadrehi yānehi parapurāya uccāsaddā mahāsaddā mahāvanaṃ ajjhogāhanti bhagavantaṃ dassanāya. ‘Saddakaṇṭakā kho pana jhānā’ vuttā bhagavatā. Yaṃnūna mayaṃ yena gosiṅgasālavanadāyo tenupasaṅkameyyāma . Tattha mayaṃ appasaddā appākiṇṇā phāsuṃ vihareyyāmā’’ti. Atha kho te āyasmanto yena gosiṅgasālavanadāyo tenupasaṅkamiṃsu; tattha te āyasmanto appasaddā appākiṇṇā phāsuṃ viharanti.
尔时,众多知名的知名的离车人,以殊胜的殊胜的车乘,从城中大声、高声地进入大林,为了见世尊。那时,那些具寿们这样想:『这些众多知名的知名的离车人,以殊胜的殊胜的车乘,从城中大声、高声地进入大林,为了见世尊。然而,「声音是禅那之刺」,这是世尊所说的。我们何不前往果新沙喇林呢?在那里,我们可以少声、少闹、安乐而住。』于是,那些具寿们前往果新沙喇林;在那里,那些具寿们少声、少闹、安乐而住。
Atha kho bhagavā bhikkhū āmantesi – ‘‘kahaṃ nu kho, bhikkhave, cālo, kahaṃ upacālo, kahaṃ kukkuṭo, kahaṃ kaḷimbho, kahaṃ nikaṭo, kahaṃ kaṭissaho; kahaṃ nu kho te, bhikkhave, therā sāvakā gatā’’ti?
那时,世尊对诸比库说:『诸比库,恰喇在哪里?乌巴恰喇在哪里?咕咕嗒在哪里?咖林巴在哪里?尼咖嗒在哪里?咖帝沙哈在哪里?诸比库,那些长老弟子们去了哪里?』
‘‘Idha, bhante, tesaṃ āyasmantānaṃ etadahosi – ‘ime kho sambahulā abhiññātā abhiññātā licchavī bhadrehi bhadrehi yānehi parapurāya uccāsaddā mahāsaddā mahāvanaṃ ajjhogāhanti bhagavantaṃ dassanāya ‘saddakaṇṭakā kho pana jhānāvuttā bhagavatā yaṃnūna mayaṃ yena gosiṅgasālavanadāyo tenupasaṅkameyyāma tattha mayaṃ appasaddā appākiṇṇā phāsuṃ vihareyyāmā’ti. Atha kho te, bhante, āyasmanto yena gosiṅgasālavanadāyo tenupasaṅkamiṃsu. Tattha te āyasmanto appasaddā appākiṇṇā phāsuṃ viharantī’’ti .
「尊者!在这里,那些具寿们生起了这样的想法——『这些众多知名的、知名的离车人,以美好的、美好的车乘,从城市出发,高声大声地进入大林,为了见世尊。然而,世尊说诸禅那以声音为刺,我们何不前往牛角沙罗林园,在那里我们可以少声、少喧闹、安乐地住』。尊者!然后那些具寿们前往牛角沙罗林园。在那里,那些具寿们少声、少喧闹、安乐地住」。
‘‘Sādhu sādhu, bhikkhave, yathā te mahāsāvakā sammā byākaramānā byākareyyuṃ, ‘saddakaṇṭakā hi, bhikkhave, jhānā’ vuttā mayā.
「善哉!善哉!诸比库,正如那些大弟子们应当正确地分别论,『诸比库,诸禅那确实以声音为刺』,这是我所说的。
‘‘Dasayime, bhikkhave, kaṇṭakā. Katame dasa? Pavivekārāmassa saṅgaṇikārāmatā kaṇṭako, asubhanimittānuyogaṃ anuyuttassa subhanimittānuyogo kaṇṭako, indriyesu guttadvārassa visūkadassanaṃ kaṇṭako, brahmacariyassa mātugāmūpacāro kaṇṭako, paṭhamassa jhānassa saddo kaṇṭako, dutiyassa jhānassa vitakkavicārā kaṇṭakā, tatiyassa jhānassa pīti kaṇṭako, catutthassa jhānassa assāsapassāso kaṇṭako, saññāvedayitanirodhasamāpattiyā saññā ca vedanā ca kaṇṭako rāgo kaṇṭako doso kaṇṭako moho kaṇṭako.
「诸比库,有这十种刺。哪十种?对乐于远离者,乐于众会是刺;对专注于须跋相修习者,专注于净相是刺;对守护诸根门者,观看表演是刺;对梵行者,亲近女人是刺;对初禅,声音是刺;对第二禅,寻与伺是刺;对第三禅,喜是刺;对第四禅,入息出息是刺;对想受灭等至,想与受是刺;贪是刺,嗔是刺,痴是刺。
‘‘Akaṇṭakā , bhikkhave, viharatha. Nikkaṇṭakā, bhikkhave, viharatha. Akaṇṭakanikkaṇṭakā, bhikkhave, viharatha. Akaṇṭakā, bhikkhave, arahanto; nikkaṇṭakā, bhikkhave, arahanto; akaṇṭakanikkaṇṭakā, bhikkhave, arahanto’’ti. Dutiyaṃ.
「诸比库,你们应无刺而住。诸比库,你们应离刺而住。诸比库,你们应无刺离刺而住。诸比库,诸阿拉汉是无刺的;诸比库,诸阿拉汉是离刺的;诸比库,诸阿拉汉是无刺离刺的」。第二经。
3. Iṭṭhadhammasuttaṃ3. 可喜法经
§73
‘‘Dasayime, bhikkhave, dhammā iṭṭhā kantā manāpā dullabhā lokasmiṃ. Katame dasa? Bhogā iṭṭhā kantā manāpā dullabhā lokasmiṃ; vaṇṇo iṭṭho kanto manāpo dullabho lokasmiṃ; ārogyaṃ iṭṭhaṃ kantaṃ manāpaṃ dullabhaṃ lokasmiṃ; sīlaṃ iṭṭhaṃ kantaṃ manāpaṃ dullabhaṃ lokasmiṃ; brahmacariyaṃ iṭṭhaṃ kantaṃ manāpaṃ dullabhaṃ lokasmiṃ; mittā iṭṭhā kantā manāpā dullabhā lokasmiṃ; bāhusaccaṃ iṭṭhaṃ kantaṃ manāpaṃ dullabhaṃ lokasmiṃ; paññā iṭṭhā kantā manāpā dullabhā lokasmiṃ; dhammā iṭṭhā kantā manāpā dullabhā lokasmiṃ ; saggā iṭṭhā kantā manāpā dullabhā lokasmiṃ.
「诸比库,有这十种法,在世间是可喜的、可爱的、合意的、难得的。哪十种?财富在世间是可喜的、可爱的、合意的、难得的;美貌在世间是可喜的、可爱的、合意的、难得的;健康在世间是可喜的、可爱的、合意的、难得的;戒在世间是可喜的、可爱的、合意的、难得的;梵行在世间是可喜的、可爱的、合意的、难得的;朋友在世间是可喜的、可爱的、合意的、难得的;多闻在世间是可喜的、可爱的、合意的、难得的;慧在世间是可喜的、可爱的、合意的、难得的;诸法在世间是可喜的、可爱的、合意的、难得的;诸天在世间是可喜的、可爱的、合意的、难得的。
‘‘Imesaṃ kho, bhikkhave, dasannaṃ dhammānaṃ iṭṭhānaṃ kantānaṃ manāpānaṃ dullabhānaṃ lokasmiṃ dasa dhammā paripanthā – ālasyaṃ anuṭṭhānaṃ bhogānaṃ paripantho, amaṇḍanā avibhūsanā vaṇṇassa paripantho, asappāyakiriyā ārogyassa paripantho, pāpamittatā sīlānaṃ paripantho, indriyaasaṃvaro brahmacariyassa paripantho, visaṃvādanā mittānaṃ paripantho, asajjhāyakiriyā bāhusaccassa paripantho, asussūsā aparipucchā paññāya paripantho, ananuyogo apaccavekkhaṇā dhammānaṃ paripantho, micchāpaṭipatti saggānaṃ paripantho. Imesaṃ kho, bhikkhave, dasannaṃ iṭṭhānaṃ kantānaṃ manāpānaṃ dullabhānaṃ lokasmiṃ ime dasa dhammā paripanthā.
「诸比库,对于这十种在世间可喜的、可爱的、合意的、难得的法,有十种法是障碍——懒惰、不精勤是财富的障碍,不装饰、不庄严是美貌的障碍,作不适宜的事是健康的障碍,恶友是诸戒的障碍,不守护诸根是梵行的障碍,欺骗是朋友的障碍,不作诵习是多闻的障碍,不听闻、不询问是慧的障碍,不修习、不省察是诸法的障碍,邪行是诸天的障碍。诸比库,对于这十种在世间可喜的、可爱的、合意的、难得的法,这十种法是障碍。
‘‘Imesaṃ kho, bhikkhave, dasannaṃ dhammānaṃ iṭṭhānaṃ kantānaṃ manāpānaṃ dullabhānaṃ lokasmiṃ dasa dhammā āhārā – uṭṭhānaṃ anālasyaṃ bhogānaṃ āhāro, maṇḍanā vibhūsanā vaṇṇassa āhāro, sappāyakiriyā ārogyassa āhāro, kalyāṇamittatā sīlānaṃ āhāro, indriyasaṃvaro brahmacariyassa āhāro, avisaṃvādanā mittānaṃ āhāro, sajjhāyakiriyā bāhusaccassa āhāro, sussūsā paripucchā paññāya āhāro, anuyogo paccavekkhaṇā dhammānaṃ āhāro, sammāpaṭipatti saggānaṃ āhāro . Imesaṃ kho, bhikkhave, dasannaṃ dhammānaṃ iṭṭhānaṃ kantānaṃ manāpānaṃ dullabhānaṃ lokasmiṃ ime dasa dhammā āhārā’’ti. Tatiyaṃ.
「诸比库,对于这十种在世间可喜的、可爱的、合意的、难得的法,有十种法是资粮——精勤、不懒惰是财富的资粮,装饰、庄严是美貌的资粮,作适宜的事是健康的资粮,善友是诸戒的资粮,守护诸根是梵行的资粮,不欺骗是朋友的资粮,作诵习是多闻的资粮,听闻、询问是慧的资粮,修习、省察是诸法的资粮,正行是诸天的资粮。诸比库,对于这十种在世间可喜的、可爱的、合意的、难得的法,这十种法是资粮」。第三经。
4. Vaḍḍhisuttaṃ4. 增长经
§74
‘‘Dasahi , bhikkhave, vaḍḍhīhi vaḍḍhamāno ariyasāvako ariyāya vaḍḍhiyā vaḍḍhati, sārādāyī ca hoti varādāyī kāyassa. Katamehi dasahi? Khettavatthūhi vaḍḍhati, dhanadhaññena vaḍḍhati, puttadārehi vaḍḍhati, dāsakammakaraporisehi vaḍḍhati, catuppadehi vaḍḍhati, saddhāya vaḍḍhati, sīlena vaḍḍhati, sutena vaḍḍhati, cāgena vaḍḍhati, paññāya vaḍḍhati – imehi kho, bhikkhave, dasahi vaḍḍhīhi vaḍḍhamāno ariyasāvako ariyāya vaḍḍhiyā vaḍḍhati, sārādāyī ca hoti varādāyī kāyassāti.
「诸比库,以十种增长而增长的圣弟子,以圣的增长而增长,他获得身的精华与最胜。以哪十种?以田地增长,以财谷增长,以妻儿增长,以奴仆工人随从增长,以四足兽增长,以信增长,以戒增长,以闻增长,以舍增长,以慧增长——诸比库,以这十种增长而增长的圣弟子,以圣的增长而增长,他获得身的精华与最胜」。
‘‘Dhanena dhaññena ca yodha vaḍḍhati,
「若人以财富、谷物而增长，
Puttehi dārehi catuppadehi ca;
以儿子、妻子及四足兽而增长；
Sa bhogavā hoti yasassi pūjito,
他拥有财富，受尊敬、有名声，
Ñātīhi mittehi athopi rājubhi.
受亲族、朋友乃至诸王所敬重。
‘‘Saddhāya sīlena ca yodha vaḍḍhati,
「若人以信、戒而增长，
Paññāya cāgena sutena cūbhayaṃ;
以慧、施舍、多闻而两者俱增；
So tādiso sappuriso vicakkhaṇo,
如是善人、有智者，
Diṭṭheva dhamme ubhayena vaḍḍhatī’’ti. catutthaṃ;
于现法中以两者而增长。」第四经
5. Migasālāsuttaṃ5. 弥嘎萨喇经
§75
Ekaṃ samayaṃ bhagavā sāvatthiyaṃ viharati jetavane anāthapiṇḍikassa ārāme. Atha kho āyasmā ānando pubbaṇhasamayaṃ nivāsetvā pattacīvaramādāya yena migasālāya upāsikāya nivesanaṃ tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā paññatte āsane nisīdi. Atha kho migasālā upāsikā yenāyasmā ānando tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā āyasmantaṃ ānandaṃ abhivādetvā ekamantaṃ nisīdi. Ekamantaṃ nisinnā kho migasālā upāsikā āyasmantaṃ ānandaṃ etadavoca –
一时,世尊住在沙瓦提城揭德林给孤独园。尔时,具寿阿难于上午时分着衣、持钵衣,前往弥嘎沙喇近事女的住所;抵达后,坐于所设之座。尔时,弥嘎沙喇近事女前往具寿阿难处;抵达后,礼敬具寿阿难,坐于一旁。坐于一旁的弥嘎沙喇近事女对具寿阿难如是说——
‘‘Kathaṃ kathaṃ nāmāyaṃ, bhante ānanda, bhagavatā dhammo desito aññeyyo, yatra hi nāma brahmacārī ca abrahmacārī ca ubho samasamagatikā bhavissanti abhisamparāyaṃ. Pitā me, bhante, purāṇo brahmacārī hoti ārācārī virato methunā gāmadhammā. So kālaṅkato bhagavatā byākato – ‘sakadāgāmī satto tusitaṃ kāyaṃ upapanno’ti. Pitāmaho me , bhante, isidatto abrahmacārī ahosi sadārasantuṭṭho. Sopi kālaṅkato bhagavatā byākato – ‘sakadāgāmī satto tusitaṃ kāyaṃ upapanno’ti.
「尊者阿难,世尊所说之法应如何理解,以致梵行者与非梵行者两者在来世会有同样的趣处?尊者,我父亲布喇那是梵行者,远离行,离欲邪行之村法。他命终后,世尊记说:『一来者,已生于兜率天身。』尊者,我祖父伊西达多是非梵行者,满足于自己的妻子。他命终后,世尊也记说:『一来者,已生于兜率天身。』
‘‘Kathaṃ kathaṃ nāmāyaṃ, bhante ānanda, bhagavatā dhammo desito aññeyyo, yatra hi nāma brahmacārī ca abrahmacārī ca ubho samasamagatikā bhavissanti abhisamparāya’’nti? ‘‘Evaṃ kho panetaṃ, bhagini, bhagavatā byākata’’nti.
尊者阿难,世尊所说之法应如何理解,以致梵行者与非梵行者两者在来世会有同样的趣处?」「姊妹,世尊确实如是记说。」
Atha kho āyasmā ānando migasālāya upāsikāya nivesane piṇḍapātaṃ gahetvā uṭṭhāyāsanā pakkāmi. Atha kho āyasmā ānando pacchābhattaṃ piṇḍapātapaṭikkanto yena bhagavā tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā bhagavantaṃ abhivādetvā ekamantaṃ nisīdi. Ekamantaṃ nisinno kho āyasmā ānando bhagavantaṃ etadavoca –
尔时,具寿阿难在弥嘎沙喇近事女的住所受食后,从座起立离去。尔时,具寿阿难食后,从行乞食归来,前往世尊处;抵达后,礼敬世尊,坐于一旁。坐于一旁的具寿阿难对世尊如是说——
‘‘Idhāhaṃ , bhante, pubbaṇhasamayaṃ nivāsetvā pattacīvaramādāya yena migasālāya upāsikāya nivesanaṃ tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā paññatte āsane nisīdiṃ. Atha kho, bhante, migasālā upāsikā yenāhaṃ tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā maṃ abhivādetvā ekamantaṃ nisīdi. Ekamantaṃ nisinnā kho, bhante, migasālā upāsikā maṃ etadavoca –
「尊者,于此,我于上午时分着衣、持钵衣,前往弥嘎沙喇近事女的住所;抵达后,坐于所设之座。尊者,尔时,弥嘎沙喇近事女前往我处;抵达后,礼敬我,坐于一旁。尊者,坐于一旁的弥嘎沙喇近事女对我如是说——
‘Kathaṃ kathaṃ nāmāyaṃ, bhante ānanda, bhagavatā dhammo desito aññeyyo, yatra hi nāma brahmacārī ca abrahmacārī ca ubho samasamagatikā bhavissanti abhisamparāyaṃ. Pitā me, bhante, purāṇo brahmacārī ahosi ārācārī virato methunā gāmadhammā. So kālaṅkato bhagavatā byākato sakadāgāmī satto tusitaṃ kāyaṃ upapannoti. Pitāmaho me, bhante, isidatto abrahmacārī ahosi sadārasantuṭṭho. Sopi kālaṅkato bhagavatā byākato – sakadāgāmī satto tusitaṃ kāyaṃ upapannoti.
『尊者阿难,世尊所说之法应如何理解,以致梵行者与非梵行者两者在来世会有同样的趣处?尊者,我父亲布喇那是梵行者,远离行,离欲邪行之村法。他命终后,世尊记说:一来者,已生于兜率天身。尊者,我祖父伊西达多是非梵行者,满足于自己的妻子。他命终后,世尊也记说:一来者,已生于兜率天身。
Kathaṃ kathaṃ nāmāyaṃ, bhante ānanda, bhagavatā dhammo desito aññeyyo, yatra hi nāma brahmacārī ca abrahmacārī ca ubho samasamagatikā bhavissanti abhisamparāya’nti? Evaṃ vutte ahaṃ, bhante, migasālaṃ upāsikaṃ etadavocaṃ – ‘evaṃ kho panetaṃ, bhagini, bhagavatā byākata’’’nti.
尊者阿难,世尊所说之法应如何理解,以致梵行者与非梵行者两者在来世会有同样的趣处?』尊者,如是说时,我对弥嘎沙喇近事女如是说:『姊妹,世尊确实如是记说。』」
‘‘Kā cānanda, migasālā upāsikā bālā abyattā ammakā ammakapaññā , ke ca purisapuggalaparopariye ñāṇe?
「阿难,弥嘎沙喇近事女是愚痴、无智、妇人、妇人之慧,谁能了知人补特伽罗之高下的智?
‘‘Dasayime, ānanda, puggalā santo saṃvijjamānā lokasmiṃ. Katame dasa? Idhānanda, ekacco puggalo dussīlo hoti. Tañca cetovimuttiṃ paññāvimuttiṃ yathābhūtaṃ nappajānāti, yatthassa taṃ dussīlyaṃ aparisesaṃ nirujjhati. Tassa savanenapi akataṃ hoti, bāhusaccenapi akataṃ hoti, diṭṭhiyāpi appaṭividdhaṃ hoti, sāmāyikampi vimuttiṃ na labhati. So kāyassa bhedā paraṃ maraṇā hānāya pareti, no visesāya; hānagāmīyeva hoti, no visesagāmī.
「阿难,这十种人存在、出现于世间。哪十种?阿难,这里,某人破戒。他如实不了知那心解脱、慧解脱,在那里他的破戒无余灭尽。他的闻也未作,多闻也未作,见也未通达,暂时解脱也不获得。他身坏命终后趣向衰损,非殊胜;他只趣向衰损,非趣向殊胜。」
‘‘Idha panānanda, ekacco puggalo dussīlo hoti. Tañca cetovimuttiṃ paññāvimuttiṃ yathābhūtaṃ pajānāti yatthassa taṃ dussīlyaṃ aparisesaṃ nirujjhati. Tassa savanenapi kataṃ hoti, bāhusaccenapi kataṃ hoti, diṭṭhiyāpi paṭividdhaṃ hoti, sāmāyikampi vimuttiṃ labhati. So kāyassa bhedā paraṃ maraṇā visesāya pareti, no hānāya; visesagāmīyeva hoti, no hānagāmī.
「阿难,然而这里,某人破戒。他如实了知那心解脱、慧解脱,在那里他的破戒无余灭尽。他的闻也已作,多闻也已作,见也已通达,暂时解脱也获得。他身坏命终后趣向殊胜,非衰损;他只趣向殊胜,非趣向衰损。」
‘‘Tatrānanda, pamāṇikā pamiṇanti – ‘imassapi teva dhammā, aparassapi teva dhammā. Kasmā nesaṃ eko hīno eko paṇīto’ti? Tañhi tesaṃ, ānanda, hoti dīgharattaṃ ahitāya dukkhāya.
「阿难,在那里,量度者们量度——『这个也是同样的法,另一个也是同样的法。为何他们一个低劣一个殊胜?』阿难,那对他们来说,长夜是为了无益与痛苦。」
‘‘Tatrānanda, yvāyaṃ puggalo dussīlo hoti. Tañca cetovimuttiṃ paññāvimuttiṃ yathābhūtaṃ pajānāti yatthassa taṃ dussīlyaṃ aparisesaṃ nirujjhati. Tassa savanenapi kataṃ hoti, bāhusaccenapi kataṃ hoti, diṭṭhiyāpi paṭividdhaṃ hoti, sāmāyikampi vimuttiṃ labhati. Ayaṃ, ānanda, puggalo amunā purimena puggalena abhikkantataro ca paṇītataro ca. Taṃ kissa hetu? Imaṃ hānanda, puggalaṃ dhammasoto nibbahati. Tadantaraṃ ko jāneyya, aññatra tathāgatena! Tasmātihānanda, mā puggalesu pamāṇikā ahuvattha , mā puggalesu pamāṇaṃ gaṇhittha. Khaññati hānanda, puggalesu pamāṇaṃ gaṇhanto. Ahaṃ vā, ānanda , puggalesu pamāṇaṃ gaṇheyyaṃ yo vā panassa mādiso.
「阿难,在那里,凡这个人破戒。他如实了知那心解脱、慧解脱,在那里他的破戒无余灭尽。他的闻也已作,多闻也已作,见也已通达,暂时解脱也获得。阿难,这个人比那前面的人更超胜、更殊胜。那是什么原因?阿难,法流运载这个人。除了如来,谁能知道那差别?阿难,因此,你们不要成为人的量度者,不要对人作量度。阿难,对人作量度者被损害。阿难,我或与我相似者可对人作量度。」
‘‘Idha panānanda, ekacco puggalo sīlavā hoti. Tañca cetovimuttiṃ paññāvimuttiṃ yathābhūtaṃ nappajānāti yatthassa taṃ sīlaṃ aparisesaṃ nirujjhati. Tassa savanenapi akataṃ hoti, bāhusaccenapi akataṃ hoti, diṭṭhiyāpi appaṭividdhaṃ hoti, sāmāyikampi vimuttiṃ na labhati. So kāyassa bhedā paraṃ maraṇā hānāya pareti, no visesāya; hānagāmīyeva hoti, no visesagāmī.
「阿难,然而这里,某人持戒。他如实不了知那心解脱、慧解脱,在那里他的戒无余灭尽。他的闻也未作,多闻也未作,见也未通达,暂时解脱也不获得。他身坏命终后趣向衰损,非殊胜;他只趣向衰损,非趣向殊胜。」
‘‘Idha panānanda, ekacco puggalo sīlavā hoti. Tañca cetovimuttiṃ paññāvimuttiṃ yathābhūtaṃ pajānāti yatthassa taṃ sīlaṃ aparisesaṃ nirujjhati. Tassa savanenapi kataṃ hoti, bāhusaccenapi kataṃ hoti, diṭṭhiyāpi paṭividdhaṃ hoti, sāmāyikampi vimuttiṃ labhati. So kāyassa bhedā paraṃ maraṇā visesāya pareti, no hānāya; visesagāmīyeva hoti, no hānagāmī.
「阿难,然而这里,某人持戒。他如实了知那心解脱、慧解脱,在那里他的戒无余灭尽。他的闻也已作,多闻也已作,见也已通达,暂时解脱也获得。他身坏命终后趣向殊胜,非衰损;他只趣向殊胜,非趣向衰损。」
‘‘Tatrānanda, pamāṇikā pamiṇanti…pe… ahaṃ vā, ānanda, puggalesu pamāṇaṃ gaṇheyyaṃ yo vā panassa mādiso.
「阿难,在那里,量度者们量度……(中略)……阿难,我或与我相似者可对人作量度。」
‘‘Idha panānanda, ekacco puggalo tibbarāgo hoti. Tañca cetovimuttiṃ paññāvimuttiṃ yathābhūtaṃ nappajānāti yatthassa so rāgo apariseso nirujjhati. Tassa savanenapi akataṃ hoti, bāhusaccenapi akataṃ hoti, diṭṭhiyāpi appaṭividdhaṃ hoti, sāmāyikampi vimuttiṃ na labhati. So kāyassa bhedā paraṃ maraṇā hānāya pareti, no visesāya; hānagāmīyeva hoti, no visesagāmī.
「阿难,然而这里,某人贪强。他如实不了知那心解脱、慧解脱,在那里他的贪无余灭尽。他的闻也未作,多闻也未作,见也未通达,暂时解脱也不获得。他身坏命终后趣向衰损,非殊胜;他只趣向衰损,非趣向殊胜。」
‘‘Idha panānanda, ekacco puggalo tibbarāgo hoti. Tañca cetovimuttiṃ paññāvimuttiṃ yathābhūtaṃ pajānāti yatthassa so rāgo apariseso nirujjhati. Tassa savanenapi kataṃ hoti, bāhusaccenapi kataṃ hoti, diṭṭhiyāpi paṭividdhaṃ hoti, sāmāyikampi vimuttiṃ labhati. So kāyassa bhedā paraṃ maraṇā visesāya pareti, no hānāya; visesagāmīyeva hoti, no hānagāmī.
「阿难,于此,某人具有强烈的贪。他如实了知那心解脱、慧解脱,在那里他的贪无余灭尽。他已作听闻,已作多闻,已以见穿透,获得暂时的解脱。他身坏命终后趣向殊胜,非趣向衰退;他只趣向殊胜,非趣向衰退。」
‘‘Tatrānanda , pamāṇikā pamiṇanti…pe… ahaṃ vā, ānanda, puggalesu pamāṇaṃ gaṇheyyaṃ yo vā panassa mādiso.
「阿难,于此,量度者量度……(中略)……阿难,我应对诸人取量度,或与我相似者。」
‘‘Idha panānanda, ekacco puggalo kodhano hoti. Tañca cetovimuttiṃ paññāvimuttiṃ yathābhūtaṃ nappajānāti yatthassa so kodho apariseso nirujjhati. Tassa savanenapi akataṃ hoti, bāhusaccenapi akataṃ hoti, diṭṭhiyāpi appaṭividdhaṃ hoti, sāmāyikampi vimuttiṃ na labhati. So kāyassa bhedā paraṃ maraṇā hānāya pareti, no visesāya; hānagāmīyeva hoti, no visesagāmī.
「阿难,于此,某人具有嗔恚。他不如实了知那心解脱、慧解脱,在那里他的嗔恚无余灭尽。他未作听闻,未作多闻,未以见穿透,不获得暂时的解脱。他身坏命终后趣向衰退,非趣向殊胜;他只趣向衰退,非趣向殊胜。」
‘‘Idha panānanda, ekacco puggalo kodhano hoti. Tañca cetovimuttiṃ paññāvimuttiṃ yathābhūtaṃ pajānāti yatthassa so kodho apariseso nirujjhati. Tassa savanenapi kataṃ hoti, bāhusaccenapi kataṃ hoti, diṭṭhiyāpi paṭividdhaṃ hoti, sāmāyikampi vimuttiṃ labhati. So kāyassa bhedā paraṃ maraṇā visesāya pareti, no hānāya; visesagāmīyeva hoti, no hānagāmī.
「阿难,于此,某人具有嗔恚。他如实了知那心解脱、慧解脱,在那里他的嗔恚无余灭尽。他已作听闻,已作多闻,已以见穿透,获得暂时的解脱。他身坏命终后趣向殊胜,非趣向衰退;他只趣向殊胜,非趣向衰退。」
‘‘Tatrānanda, pamāṇikā pamiṇanti…pe… ahaṃ vā, ānanda, puggalesu pamāṇaṃ gaṇheyyaṃ yo vā panassa mādiso.
「阿难,于此,量度者量度……(中略)……阿难,我应对诸人取量度,或与我相似者。」
‘‘Idha panānanda, ekacco puggalo uddhato hoti. Tañca cetovimuttiṃ paññāvimuttiṃ yathābhūtaṃ nappajānāti yatthassa taṃ uddhaccaṃ aparisesaṃ nirujjhati. Tassa savanenapi akataṃ hoti, bāhusaccenapi akataṃ hoti, diṭṭhiyāpi appaṭividdhaṃ hoti, sāmāyikampi vimuttiṃ na labhati. So kāyassa bhedā paraṃ maraṇā hānāya pareti, no visesāya; hānagāmīyeva hoti, no visesagāmī.
「阿难,于此,某人具有掉举。他不如实了知那心解脱、慧解脱,在那里他的掉举无余灭尽。他未作听闻,未作多闻,未以见穿透,不获得暂时的解脱。他身坏命终后趣向衰退,非趣向殊胜;他只趣向衰退,非趣向殊胜。」
‘‘Idha panānanda, ekacco puggalo uddhato hoti. Tañca cetovimuttiṃ paññāvimuttiṃ yathābhūtaṃ pajānāti yatthassa taṃ uddhaccaṃ aparisesaṃ nirujjhati. Tassa savanenapi kataṃ hoti, bāhusaccenapi kataṃ hoti, diṭṭhiyāpi paṭividdhaṃ hoti, sāmāyikampi vimuttiṃ labhati. So kāyassa bhedā paraṃ maraṇā visesāya pareti, no hānāya; visesagāmīyeva hoti, no hānagāmī.
「阿难,于此,某人具有掉举。他如实了知那心解脱、慧解脱,在那里他的掉举无余灭尽。他已作听闻,已作多闻,已以见穿透,获得暂时的解脱。他身坏命终后趣向殊胜,非趣向衰退;他只趣向殊胜,非趣向衰退。」
‘‘Tatrānanda , pamāṇikā pamiṇanti – ‘imassapi teva dhammā, aparassapi teva dhammā. Kasmā nesaṃ eko hīno eko paṇīto’ti? Tañhi tesaṃ, ānanda, hoti dīgharattaṃ ahitāya dukkhāya.
「阿难,于此,量度者量度——『此人也是这些法,另一人也是这些法。为何他们之中一者低劣、一者高尚?』阿难,这对他们来说,长夜导致无益与苦。」
‘‘Tatrānanda, yvāyaṃ puggalo uddhato hoti tañca cetovimuttiṃ paññāvimuttiṃ yathābhūtaṃ pajānāti yatthassa taṃ uddhaccaṃ aparisesaṃ nirujjhati, tassa savanenapi kataṃ hoti, bāhusaccenapi kataṃ hoti, diṭṭhiyāpi paṭividdhaṃ hoti, sāmāyikampi vimuttiṃ labhati. Ayaṃ, ānanda, puggalo amunā purimena puggalena abhikkantataro ca paṇītataro ca. Taṃ kissa hetu ? Imaṃ hānanda, puggalaṃ dhammasoto nibbahati. Tadantaraṃ ko jāneyya aññatra tathāgatena! Tasmātihānanda, mā puggalesu pamāṇikā ahuvattha; mā puggalesu pamāṇaṃ gaṇhittha. Khaññati hānanda, puggalesu pamāṇaṃ gaṇhanto. Ahaṃ vā, ānanda, puggalesu pamāṇaṃ gaṇheyyaṃ yo vā panassa mādiso.
「阿难,于此,凡此人掉举,而他如实了知那心解脱、慧解脱——于其处他的那掉举无余灭尽,对他而言,由听闻也已作,由多闻也已作,由见也已通达,暂时的解脱也获得。阿难,此人比前面那个人更殊胜、更上妙。那是什么原因?阿难,法流引导此人。除了如来,谁能知道其差别!阿难,因此,你们不应成为人的量度者;你们不应执取人的量度。阿难,执取人的量度者受损害。阿难,我应执取人的量度,或者与我相似者。」
‘‘Kā cānanda, migasālā upāsikā bālā abyattā ammakā ammakapaññā, ke ca purisapuggalaparopariye ñāṇe! Ime kho, ānanda, dasa puggalā santo saṃvijjamānā lokasmiṃ.
「阿难,蜜嘎沙喇近事女是愚痴的、不聪慧的、母性的、具母性慧的,谁能知晓人与补特伽罗的他胜智!阿难,这十种补特伽罗存在、出现于世间。」
‘‘Yathārūpena, ānanda, sīlena purāṇo samannāgato ahosi tathārūpena sīlena isidatto samannāgato abhavissa, nayidha purāṇo isidattassa gatimpi aññassa. Yathārūpāya cānanda, paññāya isidatto samannāgato ahosi tathārūpāya paññāya purāṇo samannāgato abhavissa, nayidha isidatto purāṇassa gatimpi aññassa. Iti kho, ānanda, ime puggalā ubho ekaṅgahīnā’’ti. Pañcamaṃ.
「阿难,若以富楼那具足的那样的戒,伊西达多具足那样的戒,则富楼那不会知道伊西达多的趣。阿难,若以伊西达多具足的那样的慧,富楼那具足那样的慧,则伊西达多不会知道富楼那的趣。阿难,如是,这两个补特伽罗各缺一支。」
6. Tayodhammasuttaṃ6. 三法经
§76
‘‘Tayome, bhikkhave, dhammā loke na saṃvijjeyyuṃ, na tathāgato loke uppajjeyya arahaṃ sammāsambuddho, na tathāgatappavedito dhammavinayo loke dibbeyya. Katame tayo? Jāti ca, jarā ca, maraṇañca – ime kho, bhikkhave, tayo dhammā loke na saṃvijjeyyuṃ, na tathāgato loke uppajjeyya arahaṃ sammāsambuddho, na tathāgatappavedito dhammavinayo loke dibbeyya. Yasmā ca kho, bhikkhave, ime tayo dhammā loke saṃvijjanti tasmā tathāgato loke uppajjati arahaṃ sammāsambuddho, tasmā tathāgatappavedito dhammavinayo loke dibbati.
「诸比库,若此三法不存在于世间,如来、阿拉汉、正等正觉者不会出现于世间,如来所宣说的法与律不会显现于世间。哪三种?生、老、死——诸比库,若此三法不存在于世间,如来、阿拉汉、正等正觉者不会出现于世间,如来所宣说的法与律不会显现于世间。诸比库,然而,因为此三法存在于世间,因此如来、阿拉汉、正等正觉者出现于世间,因此如来所宣说的法与律显现于世间。」
‘‘Tayome , bhikkhave, dhamme appahāya abhabbo jātiṃ pahātuṃ jaraṃ pahātuṃ maraṇaṃ pahātuṃ. Katame tayo? Rāgaṃ appahāya, dosaṃ appahāya, mohaṃ appahāya – ime kho, bhikkhave, tayo dhamme appahāya abhabbo jātiṃ pahātuṃ jaraṃ pahātuṃ maraṇaṃ pahātuṃ.
「诸比库,不舍断此三法,不能舍断生、不能舍断老、不能舍断死。哪三种?不舍断贪、不舍断嗔、不舍断痴——诸比库,不舍断此三法,不能舍断生、不能舍断老、不能舍断死。」
‘‘Tayome bhikkhave, dhamme appahāya abhabbo rāgaṃ pahātuṃ dosaṃ pahātuṃ mohaṃ pahātuṃ. Katame tayo? Sakkāyadiṭṭhiṃ appahāya, vicikicchaṃ appahāya, sīlabbataparāmāsaṃ appahāya – ime kho, bhikkhave, tayo dhamme appahāya abhabbo rāgaṃ pahātuṃ dosaṃ pahātuṃ mohaṃ pahātuṃ.
「诸比库,不舍断此三法,不能舍断贪、不能舍断嗔、不能舍断痴。哪三种?不舍断有身见、不舍断疑、不舍断戒禁取——诸比库,不舍断此三法,不能舍断贪、不能舍断嗔、不能舍断痴。」
‘‘Tayome , bhikkhave, dhamme appahāya abhabbo sakkāyadiṭṭhiṃ pahātuṃ vicikicchaṃ pahātuṃ sīlabbataparāmāsaṃ pahātuṃ. Katame tayo? Ayonisomanasikāraṃ appahāya, kummaggasevanaṃ appahāya, cetaso līnattaṃ appahāya – ime kho, bhikkhave, tayo dhamme appahāya abhabbo sakkāyadiṭṭhiṃ pahātuṃ vicikicchaṃ pahātuṃ sīlabbataparāmāsaṃ pahātuṃ.
「诸比库,不舍断此三法,不能舍断有身见、不能舍断疑、不能舍断戒禁取。哪三种?不舍断非如理作意、不舍断恶道的亲近、不舍断心的怠惰——诸比库,不舍断此三法,不能舍断有身见、不能舍断疑、不能舍断戒禁取。」
‘‘Tayome, bhikkhave, dhamme appahāya abhabbo ayoniso manasikāraṃ pahātuṃ kummaggasevanaṃ pahātuṃ cetaso līnattaṃ pahātuṃ. Katame tayo? Muṭṭhasaccaṃ appahāya, asampajaññaṃ appahāya, cetaso vikkhepaṃ appahāya – ime kho, bhikkhave, tayo dhamme appahāya abhabbo ayonisomanasikāraṃ pahātuṃ kummaggasevanaṃ pahātuṃ cetaso līnattaṃ pahātuṃ.
「诸比库,不舍断此三法,不能舍断非如理作意、不能舍断恶道的亲近、不能舍断心的怠惰。哪三种?不舍断失念、不舍断不正知、不舍断心的散乱——诸比库,不舍断此三法,不能舍断非如理作意、不能舍断恶道的亲近、不能舍断心的怠惰。」
‘‘Tayome, bhikkhave, dhamme appahāya abhabbo muṭṭhasaccaṃ pahātuṃ asampajaññaṃ pahātuṃ cetaso vikkhepaṃ pahātuṃ. Katame tayo? Ariyānaṃ adassanakamyataṃ appahāya, ariyadhammassa asotukamyataṃ appahāya, upārambhacittataṃ appahāya – ime kho, bhikkhave, tayo dhamme appahāya abhabbo muṭṭhasaccaṃ pahātuṃ asampajaññaṃ pahātuṃ cetaso vikkhepaṃ pahātuṃ.
「诸比库!不舍断这三法,不能舍断失念、不正知、心的散乱。哪三种?不舍断不欲见诸圣者、不舍断不欲听闻圣法、不舍断挑剔之心——诸比库!不舍断这三法,不能舍断失念、不正知、心的散乱。
‘‘Tayome, bhikkhave, dhamme appahāya abhabbo ariyānaṃ adassanakamyataṃ pahātuṃ ariyadhammassa asotukamyataṃ pahātuṃ upārambhacittataṃ pahātuṃ. Katame tayo? Uddhaccaṃ appahāya, asaṃvaraṃ appahāya, dussīlyaṃ appahāya – ime kho, bhikkhave, tayo dhamme appahāya abhabbo ariyānaṃ adassanakamyataṃ pahātuṃ ariyadhammassa asotukamyataṃ pahātuṃ upārambhacittataṃ pahātuṃ.
「诸比库!不舍断这三法,不能舍断不欲见诸圣者、不欲听闻圣法、挑剔之心。哪三种?不舍断掉举、不舍断不防护、不舍断恶戒——诸比库!不舍断这三法,不能舍断不欲见诸圣者、不欲听闻圣法、挑剔之心。
‘‘Tayome , bhikkhave, dhamme appahāya abhabbo uddhaccaṃ pahātuṃ asaṃvaraṃ pahātuṃ dussīlyaṃ pahātuṃ. Katame tayo ? Assaddhiyaṃ appahāya, avadaññutaṃ appahāya, kosajjaṃ appahāya – ime kho, bhikkhave, tayo dhamme appahāya abhabbo uddhaccaṃ pahātuṃ asaṃvaraṃ pahātuṃ dussīlyaṃ pahātuṃ.
「诸比库!不舍断这三法,不能舍断掉举、不防护、恶戒。哪三种?不舍断无信、不舍断不施、不舍断懈怠——诸比库!不舍断这三法,不能舍断掉举、不防护、恶戒。
‘‘Tayome , bhikkhave, dhamme appahāya abhabbo assaddhiyaṃ pahātuṃ avadaññutaṃ pahātuṃ kosajjaṃ pahātuṃ. Katame tayo? Anādariyaṃ appahāya, dovacassataṃ appahāya, pāpamittataṃ appahāya – ime kho, bhikkhave, tayo dhamme appahāya abhabbo assaddhiyaṃ pahātuṃ avadaññutaṃ pahātuṃ kosajjaṃ pahātuṃ.
「诸比库!不舍断这三法,不能舍断无信、不施、懈怠。哪三种?不舍断不恭敬、不舍断难教、不舍断恶友性——诸比库!不舍断这三法,不能舍断无信、不施、懈怠。
‘‘Tayome, bhikkhave, dhamme appahāya abhabbo anādariyaṃ pahātuṃ dovacassataṃ pahātuṃ pāpamittataṃ pahātuṃ. Katame tayo? Ahirikaṃ appahāya, anottappaṃ appahāya, pamādaṃ appahāya – ime kho, bhikkhave, tayo dhamme appahāya abhabbo anādariyaṃ pahātuṃ dovacassataṃ pahātuṃ pāpamittataṃ pahātuṃ.
「诸比库!不舍断这三法,不能舍断不恭敬、难教、恶友性。哪三种?不舍断无惭、不舍断无愧、不舍断放逸——诸比库!不舍断这三法,不能舍断不恭敬、难教、恶友性。
‘‘Ahirikoyaṃ, bhikkhave, anottāpī pamatto hoti. So pamatto samāno abhabbo anādariyaṃ pahātuṃ dovacassataṃ pahātuṃ pāpamittataṃ pahātuṃ. So pāpamitto samāno abhabbo assaddhiyaṃ pahātuṃ avadaññutaṃ pahātuṃ kosajjaṃ pahātuṃ. So kusīto samāno abhabbo uddhaccaṃ pahātuṃ asaṃvaraṃ pahātuṃ dussīlyaṃ pahātuṃ. So dussīlo samāno abhabbo ariyānaṃ adassanakamyataṃ pahātuṃ ariyadhammassa asotukamyataṃ pahātuṃ upārambhacittataṃ pahātuṃ. So upārambhacitto samāno abhabbo muṭṭhasaccaṃ pahātuṃ asampajaññaṃ pahātuṃ cetaso vikkhepaṃ pahātuṃ. So vikkhittacitto samāno abhabbo ayonisomanasikāraṃ pahātuṃ kummaggasevanaṃ pahātuṃ cetaso līnattaṃ pahātuṃ. So līnacitto samāno abhabbo sakkāyadiṭṭhiṃ pahātuṃ vicikicchaṃ pahātuṃ sīlabbataparāmāsaṃ pahātuṃ. So vicikiccho samāno abhabbo rāgaṃ pahātuṃ dosaṃ pahātuṃ mohaṃ pahātuṃ. So rāgaṃ appahāya dosaṃ appahāya mohaṃ appahāya abhabbo jātiṃ pahātuṃ jaraṃ pahātuṃ maraṇaṃ pahātuṃ.
「诸比库!无惭者、无愧者是放逸的。他放逸故,不能舍断不恭敬、难教、恶友性。他是恶友故,不能舍断无信、不施、懈怠。他懈怠故,不能舍断掉举、不防护、恶戒。他恶戒故,不能舍断不欲见诸圣者、不欲听闻圣法、挑剔之心。他有挑剔之心故,不能舍断失念、不正知、心的散乱。他心散乱故,不能舍断非如理作意、亲近恶道、心的沉滞。他心沉滞故,不能舍断有身见、疑、戒禁取。他疑惑故,不能舍断贪、嗔、痴。他不舍断贪、不舍断嗔、不舍断痴故,不能舍断生、老、死。
‘‘Tayome, bhikkhave, dhamme pahāya bhabbo jātiṃ pahātuṃ jaraṃ pahātuṃ maraṇaṃ pahātuṃ. Katame tayo? Rāgaṃ pahāya, dosaṃ pahāya, mohaṃ pahāya – ime kho, bhikkhave, tayo dhamme pahāya bhabbo jātiṃ pahātuṃ jaraṃ pahātuṃ maraṇaṃ pahātuṃ.
「诸比库!舍断这三法,能舍断生、老、死。哪三种?舍断贪、舍断嗔、舍断痴——诸比库!舍断这三法,能舍断生、老、死。
‘‘Tayome, bhikkhave, dhamme pahāya bhabbo rāgaṃ pahātuṃ dosaṃ pahātuṃ mohaṃ pahātuṃ. Katame tayo ? Sakkāyadiṭṭhiṃ pahāya, vicikicchaṃ pahāya, sīlabbataparāmāsaṃ pahāya – ime kho, bhikkhave, tayo dhamme pahāya bhabbo rāgaṃ pahātuṃ dosaṃ pahātuṃ mohaṃ pahātuṃ.
「诸比库!舍断这三法,能舍断贪、嗔、痴。哪三种?舍断有身见、舍断疑、舍断戒禁取——诸比库!舍断这三法,能舍断贪、嗔、痴。
‘‘Tayome, bhikkhave, dhamme pahāya bhabbo sakkāyadiṭṭhiṃ pahātuṃ vicikicchaṃ pahātuṃ sīlabbataparāmāsaṃ pahātuṃ. Katame tayo? Ayonisomanasikāraṃ pahāya, kummaggasevanaṃ pahāya, cetaso līnattaṃ pahāya – ime kho, bhikkhave, tayo dhamme pahāya bhabbo sakkāyadiṭṭhiṃ pahātuṃ vicikicchaṃ pahātuṃ sīlabbataparāmāsaṃ pahātuṃ.
「诸比库!舍断这三法,能够舍断身见、舍断疑、舍断戒禁取。哪三种?舍断非如理作意,舍断亲近恶道,舍断心的怯弱——诸比库!舍断这三法,能够舍断身见、舍断疑、舍断戒禁取。
‘‘Tayome, bhikkhave, dhamme pahāya bhabbo ayonisomanasikāraṃ pahātuṃ kummaggasevanaṃ pahātuṃ cetaso līnattaṃ pahātuṃ. Katame tayo? Muṭṭhasaccaṃ pahāya, asampajaññaṃ pahāya, cetaso vikkhepaṃ pahāya – ime kho, bhikkhave, tayo dhamme pahāya bhabbo ayonisomanasikāraṃ pahātuṃ kummaggasevanaṃ pahātuṃ cetaso līnattaṃ pahātuṃ.
「诸比库!舍断这三法,能够舍断非如理作意、舍断亲近恶道、舍断心的怯弱。哪三种?舍断失念,舍断不正知,舍断心的散乱——诸比库!舍断这三法,能够舍断非如理作意、舍断亲近恶道、舍断心的怯弱。
‘‘Tayome , bhikkhave, dhamme pahāya bhabbo muṭṭhasaccaṃ pahātuṃ asampajaññaṃ pahātuṃ cetaso vikkhepaṃ pahātuṃ. Katame tayo? Ariyānaṃ adassanakamyataṃ pahāya, ariyadhammassa asotukamyataṃ pahāya, upārambhacittataṃ pahāya – ime kho, bhikkhave, tayo dhamme pahāya bhabbo muṭṭhassaccaṃ pahātuṃ asampajaññaṃ pahātuṃ cetaso vikkhepaṃ pahātuṃ.
「诸比库!舍断这三法,能够舍断失念、舍断不正知、舍断心的散乱。哪三种?舍断不欲见圣者,舍断不欲听闻圣法,舍断挑剔之心——诸比库!舍断这三法,能够舍断失念、舍断不正知、舍断心的散乱。
‘‘Tayome, bhikkhave, dhamme pahāya bhabbo ariyānaṃ adassanakamyataṃ pahātuṃ ariyadhammassa asotukamyataṃ pahātuṃ upārambhacittataṃ pahātuṃ. Katame tayo? Uddhaccaṃ pahāya, asaṃvaraṃ pahāya, dussīlyaṃ pahāya – ime kho, bhikkhave, tayo dhamme pahāya bhabbo ariyānaṃ adassanakamyataṃ pahātuṃ ariyadhammassa asotukamyataṃ pahātuṃ upārambhacittataṃ pahātuṃ.
「诸比库!舍断这三法,能够舍断不欲见圣者、舍断不欲听闻圣法、舍断挑剔之心。哪三种?舍断掉举,舍断不防护,舍断恶戒——诸比库!舍断这三法,能够舍断不欲见圣者、舍断不欲听闻圣法、舍断挑剔之心。
‘‘Tayome, bhikkhave, dhamme pahāya bhabbo uddhaccaṃ pahātuṃ asaṃvaraṃ pahātuṃ dussīlyaṃ pahātuṃ. Katame tayo? Assaddhiyaṃ pahāya, avadaññutaṃ pahāya, kosajjaṃ pahāya – ime kho, bhikkhave, tayo dhamme pahāya bhabbo uddhaccaṃ pahātuṃ asaṃvaraṃ pahātuṃ dussīlyaṃ pahātuṃ.
「诸比库!舍断这三法,能够舍断掉举、舍断不防护、舍断恶戒。哪三种?舍断无信,舍断不施,舍断懈怠——诸比库!舍断这三法,能够舍断掉举、舍断不防护、舍断恶戒。
‘‘Tayome, bhikkhave, dhamme pahāya bhabbo assaddhiyaṃ pahātuṃ avadaññutaṃ pahātuṃ kosajjaṃ pahātuṃ. Katame tayo? Anādariyaṃ pahāya, dovacassataṃ pahāya, pāpamittataṃ pahāya – ime kho, bhikkhave, tayo dhamme pahāya bhabbo assaddhiyaṃ pahātuṃ avadaññutaṃ pahātuṃ kosajjaṃ pahātuṃ.
「诸比库!舍断这三法,能够舍断无信、舍断不施、舍断懈怠。哪三种?舍断不恭敬,舍断难教,舍断恶友——诸比库!舍断这三法,能够舍断无信、舍断不施、舍断懈怠。
‘‘Tayome, bhikkhave, dhamme pahāya bhabbo anādariyaṃ pahātuṃ dovacassataṃ pahātuṃ pāpamittataṃ pahātuṃ. Katame tayo? Ahirikaṃ pahāya, anottappaṃ pahāya, pamādaṃ pahāya – ime kho, bhikkhave, tayo dhamme pahāya bhabbo anādariyaṃ pahātuṃ dovacassataṃ pahātuṃ pāpamittataṃ pahātuṃ.
「诸比库!舍断这三法,能够舍断不恭敬、舍断难教、舍断恶友。哪三种?舍断无惭,舍断无愧,舍断放逸——诸比库!舍断这三法,能够舍断不恭敬、舍断难教、舍断恶友。
‘‘Hirīmāyaṃ, bhikkhave, ottāpī appamatto hoti. So appamatto samāno bhabbo anādariyaṃ pahātuṃ dovacassataṃ pahātuṃ pāpamittataṃ pahātuṃ. So kalyāṇamitto samāno bhabbo assaddhiyaṃ pahātuṃ avadaññutaṃ pahātuṃ kosajjaṃ pahātuṃ. So āraddhavīriyo samāno bhabbo uddhaccaṃ pahātuṃ asaṃvaraṃ pahātuṃ dussīlyaṃ pahātuṃ. So sīlavā samāno bhabbo ariyānaṃ adassanakamyataṃ pahātuṃ ariyadhammassa asotukamyataṃ pahātuṃ upārambhacittataṃ pahātuṃ. So anupārambhacitto samāno bhabbo muṭṭhassaccaṃ pahātuṃ asampajaññaṃ pahātuṃ cetaso vikkhepaṃ pahātuṃ. So avikkhittacitto samāno bhabbo ayonisomanasikāraṃ pahātuṃ kummaggasevanaṃ pahātuṃ cetaso līnattaṃ pahātuṃ. So alīnacitto samāno bhabbo sakkāyadiṭṭhiṃ pahātuṃ vicikicchaṃ pahātuṃ sīlabbataparāmāsaṃ pahātuṃ. So avicikiccho samāno bhabbo rāgaṃ pahātuṃ dosaṃ pahātuṃ mohaṃ pahātuṃ. So rāgaṃ pahāya dosaṃ pahāya mohaṃ pahāya bhabbo jātiṃ pahātuṃ jaraṃ pahātuṃ maraṇaṃ pahātu’’nti. Chaṭṭhaṃ.
「诸比库!有惭者、有愧者是不放逸的。他不放逸,能够舍断不恭敬、舍断难教、舍断恶友。他是善友,能够舍断无信、舍断不施、舍断懈怠。他精进,能够舍断掉举、舍断不防护、舍断恶戒。他具戒,能够舍断不欲见圣者、舍断不欲听闻圣法、舍断挑剔之心。他无挑剔之心,能够舍断失念、舍断不正知、舍断心的散乱。他心不散乱,能够舍断非如理作意、舍断亲近恶道、舍断心的怯弱。他心不怯弱,能够舍断身见、舍断疑、舍断戒禁取。他无疑,能够舍断贪、舍断嗔、舍断痴。他舍断贪、舍断嗔、舍断痴,能够舍断生、舍断老、舍断死。」第六经
7. Kākasuttaṃ7. 乌鸦经
§77
‘‘Dasahi, bhikkhave, asaddhammehi samannāgato kāko. Katamehi dasahi? Dhaṃsī ca, pagabbho ca, tintiṇo ca, mahagghaso ca, luddo ca, akāruṇiko ca, dubbalo ca, oravitā ca, muṭṭhassati ca, necayiko ca – imehi kho, bhikkhave, dasahi asaddhammehi samannāgato kāko. Evamevaṃ kho , bhikkhave, dasahi asaddhammehi samannāgato pāpabhikkhu. Katamehi dasahi? Dhaṃsī ca, pagabbho ca, tintiṇo ca, mahagghaso ca, luddo ca, akāruṇiko ca, dubbalo ca, oravitā ca, muṭṭhassati ca, necayiko ca – imehi kho, bhikkhave, dasahi asaddhammehi samannāgato pāpabhikkhū’’ti. Sattamaṃ.
「诸比库,乌鸦具足十种非正法。哪十种呢?凶暴、傲慢、贪婪、大食、残忍、无悲悯、软弱、卑劣、失念、积聚——诸比库,乌鸦具足这十种非正法。诸比库,同样地,恶比库具足十种非正法。哪十种呢?凶暴、傲慢、贪婪、大食、残忍、无悲悯、软弱、卑劣、失念、积聚——诸比库,恶比库具足这十种非正法。」第七经。
8. Nigaṇṭhasuttaṃ8. 尼干陀经
§78
‘‘Dasahi , bhikkhave, asaddhammehi samannāgatā nigaṇṭhā. Katamehi dasahi? Assaddhā, bhikkhave, nigaṇṭhā; dussīlā, bhikkhave, nigaṇṭhā; ahirikā, bhikkhave, nigaṇṭhā; anottappino, bhikkhave, nigaṇṭhā; asappurisasambhattino, bhikkhave, nigaṇṭhā; attukkaṃsakaparavambhakā, bhikkhave, nigaṇṭhā; sandiṭṭhiparāmāsā ādhānaggāhī duppaṭinissaggino, bhikkhave, nigaṇṭhā; kuhakā, bhikkhave, nigaṇṭhā; pāpicchā, bhikkhave, nigaṇṭhā; pāpamittā, bhikkhave, nigaṇṭhā – imehi kho, bhikkhave, dasahi asaddhammehi samannāgatā nigaṇṭhā’’ti. Aṭṭhamaṃ.
「诸比库,尼干陀具足十种非正法。哪十种呢?诸比库,尼干陀无信;诸比库,尼干陀破戒;诸比库,尼干陀无惭;诸比库,尼干陀无愧;诸比库,尼干陀与非善人交往;诸比库,尼干陀自赞毁他;诸比库,尼干陀执取见、固执、难以舍弃;诸比库,尼干陀诡诈;诸比库,尼干陀恶欲;诸比库,尼干陀恶友——诸比库,尼干陀具足这十种非正法。」第八经。
9. Āghātavatthusuttaṃ9. 恼害事经
§79
‘‘Dasayimāni, bhikkhave, āghātavatthūni. Katamāni dasa? ‘Anatthaṃ me acarī’ti āghātaṃ bandhati; ‘anatthaṃ me caratī’ti āghātaṃ bandhati; ‘anatthaṃ me carissatī’ti āghātaṃ bandhati; ‘piyassa me manāpassa anatthaṃ acarī’ti…pe… ‘anatthaṃ caratī’ti…pe… ‘anatthaṃ carissatī’ti āghātaṃ bandhati, ‘appiyassa me amanāpassa atthaṃ acarī’ti…pe… ‘atthaṃ caratī’ti…pe… ‘atthaṃ carissatī’ti āghātaṃ bandhati; aṭṭhāne ca kuppati – imāni kho, bhikkhave, dasa āghātavatthūnī’’ti. Navamaṃ.
「诸比库,有这十种嗔恨事。哪十种呢?『他对我作了无益』而结嗔恨;『他对我正作无益』而结嗔恨;『他对我将作无益』而结嗔恨;『他对我所爱、所喜者作了无益』……『正作无益』……『将作无益』而结嗔恨;『他对我所不爱、所不喜者作了利益』……『正作利益』……『将作利益』而结嗔恨;于无处而愤怒——诸比库,这些是十种嗔恨事。」第九经。
10. Āghātapaṭivinayasuttaṃ10. 恼害调伏经
§80
‘‘Dasayime , bhikkhave, āghātapaṭivinayā. Katame dasa? ‘Anatthaṃ me acari, taṃ kutettha labbhā’ti āghātaṃ paṭivineti , ‘anatthaṃ me carati, taṃ kutettha labbhā’ti āghātaṃ paṭivineti, ‘anatthaṃ me carissati, taṃ kutettha labbhā’ti āghātaṃ paṭivineti, piyassa me manāpassa anatthaṃ acari…pe… carati…pe… carissati, taṃ kutettha labbhāti āghātaṃ paṭivineti , appiyassa me amanāpassa atthaṃ acari…pe… atthaṃ carati…pe… atthaṃ carissati, taṃ kutettha labbhāti āghātaṃ paṭivineti, aṭṭhāne ca na kuppati – ime kho, bhikkhave, dasa āghātapaṭivinayā’’ti. Dasamaṃ.
「诸比库,有这十种嗔恨的调伏。哪十种呢?『他对我作了无益,从何处能得到呢?』而调伏嗔恨;『他对我正作无益,从何处能得到呢?』而调伏嗔恨;『他对我将作无益,从何处能得到呢?』而调伏嗔恨;『他对我所爱、所喜者作了无益……正作……将作,从何处能得到呢?』而调伏嗔恨;『他对我所不爱、所不喜者作了利益……正作利益……将作利益,从何处能得到呢?』而调伏嗔恨;于无处而不愤怒——诸比库,这些是十种嗔恨的调伏。」第十经。
Ākaṅkhavaggo tatiyo. · 希望品第三
Tassuddānaṃ –
其摄颂——
Ākaṅkho kaṇṭako iṭṭhā, vaḍḍhi ca migasālāya;
「若愿、刺、所爱,增长与鹿母;
Tayo dhammā ca kāko ca, nigaṇṭhā dve ca āghātāti.
三法与乌鸦,尼干陀及二嗔恨。」