4. Upālivaggo4. 伍巴离品
4. Upālivaggo4. 伍巴离品
1. Upālisuttaṃ1. 伍巴离经
§31
Atha kho āyasmā upāli yena bhagavā tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā bhagavantaṃ abhivādetvā ekamantaṃ nisīdi. Ekamantaṃ nisinno kho āyasmā upāli bhagavantaṃ etadavoca – ‘‘kati nu kho, bhante, atthavase paṭicca tathāgatena sāvakānaṃ sikkhāpadaṃ paññattaṃ, pātimokkhaṃ uddiṭṭha’’nti?
那时,具寿伍巴离去到世尊那里;到了之后,礼敬世尊,在一旁坐下。在一旁坐下的具寿伍巴离对世尊这样说——「尊者,如来缘于多少义利而为诸声闻制定学处、诵说巴帝摩卡呢?」
‘‘Dasa kho, upāli, atthavase paṭicca tathāgatena sāvakānaṃ sikkhāpadaṃ paññattaṃ, pātimokkhaṃ uddiṭṭhaṃ. Katame dasa? Saṅghasuṭṭhutāya, saṅghaphāsutāya, dummaṅkūnaṃ puggalānaṃ niggahāya, pesalānaṃ bhikkhūnaṃ phāsuvihārāya, diṭṭhadhammikānaṃ āsavānaṃ saṃvarāya, samparāyikānaṃ āsavānaṃ paṭighātāya, appasannānaṃ pasādāya, pasannānaṃ bhiyyobhāvāya, saddhammaṭṭhitiyā, vinayānuggahāya – ime kho, upāli, dasa atthavase paṭicca tathāgatena sāvakānaṃ sikkhāpadaṃ paññattaṃ, pātimokkhaṃ uddiṭṭha’’nti. Paṭhamaṃ.
「伍巴离,如来缘于十种义利而为诸声闻制定学处、诵说巴帝摩卡。哪十种呢?为了僧团的善妙,为了僧团的安乐,为了折服难调伏的人,为了善行比库们的安住,为了防护现法诸漏,为了遮止后世诸漏,为了未信者的信乐,为了已信者的增长,为了正法的久住,为了随顺律——伍巴离,如来缘于这十种义利而为诸声闻制定学处、诵说巴帝摩卡。」第一。
2. Pātimokkhaṭṭhapanāsuttaṃ2. 巴帝摩卡停止经
§32
‘‘Kati nu kho, bhante, pātimokkhaṭṭhapanā’’ti? ‘‘Dasa kho, upāli, pātimokkhaṭṭhapanā. Katame dasa? Pārājiko tassaṃ parisāyaṃ nisinno hoti , pārājikakathā vippakatā hoti, anupasampanno tassaṃ parisāyaṃ nisinno hoti, anupasampannakathā vippakatā hoti, sikkhaṃ paccakkhātako tassaṃ parisāyaṃ nisinno hoti, sikkhaṃ paccakkhātakakathā vippakatā hoti, paṇḍako tassaṃ parisāyaṃ nisinno hoti, paṇḍakakathā vippakatā hoti, bhikkhunidūsako tassaṃ parisāyaṃ nisinno hoti, bhikkhunidūsakakathā vippakatā hoti – ime kho, upāli, dasa pātimokkhaṭṭhapanā’’ti. Dutiyaṃ.
「尊者,有多少巴帝摩卡的停止呢?」「伍巴离,有十种巴帝摩卡的停止。哪十种呢?犯巴拉基咖者坐在那个众中,巴拉基咖的讨论已展开;未受具足者坐在那个众中,未受具足者的讨论已展开;舍弃学者坐在那个众中,舍弃学者的讨论已展开;般荼咖坐在那个众中,般荼咖的讨论已展开;污染比库尼者坐在那个众中,污染比库尼者的讨论已展开——伍巴离,这是十种巴帝摩卡的停止。」第二。
3. Ubbāhikāsuttaṃ3. 举罪经
§33
‘‘Katihi nu kho, bhante, dhammehi samannāgato bhikkhu ubbāhikāya sammannitabbo’’ti? ‘‘Dasahi kho, upāli, dhammehi samannāgato bhikkhu ubbāhikāya sammannitabbo. Katamehi dasahi? Idhupāli, bhikkhu sīlavā hoti; pātimokkhasaṃvarasaṃvuto viharati ācāragocarasampanno aṇumattesu vajjesu bhayadassāvī, samādāya sikkhati sikkhāpadesu; bahussuto hoti sutadharo sutasannicayo, ye te dhammā ādikalyāṇā majjhekalyāṇā pariyosānakalyāṇā sātthaṃ sabyañjanaṃ kevalaparipuṇṇaṃ parisuddhaṃ brahmacariyaṃ abhivadanti, tathārūpāssa dhammā bahussutā honti dhātā vacasā paricitā manasānupekkhitā diṭṭhiyā suppaṭividdhā; ubhayāni kho panassa pātimokkhāni vitthārena svāgatāni honti suvibhattāni suppavattīni suvinicchitāni suttaso anubyañjanaso; vinaye kho pana ṭhito hoti asaṃhīro; paṭibalo hoti ubho atthapaccatthike saññāpetuṃ paññāpetuṃ nijjhāpetuṃ pekkhetuṃ pasādetuṃ; adhikaraṇasamuppādavūpasamakusalo hoti – adhikaraṇaṃ jānāti; adhikaraṇasamudayaṃ jānāti; adhikaraṇanirodhaṃ jānāti; adhikaraṇanirodhagāminiṃ paṭipadaṃ jānāti. Imehi kho, upāli, dasahi dhammehi samannāgato bhikkhu ubbāhikāya sammannitabbo’’ti. Tatiyaṃ.
「尊者,具足多少法的比库应被指定为举罪者呢?」「伍巴离,具足十法的比库应被指定为举罪者。哪十种呢?伍巴离,这里,比库是持戒者;以巴帝摩卡律仪防护而住,具足行与行处,于微细的罪中见怖畏,受持学习于诸学处;是多闻者、持法者、积聚所闻者,那些法初善、中善、后善,有义、有文,宣说完全圆满、遍净的梵行,这样的法他多闻、忆持、以语熟练、以意观察、以见善通达;他的两部巴帝摩卡已被详细地善学、分别论、善通晓、善抉择,依经文、依字句;他住于律中而不动摇;他能够劝导、教导、令入、令见、令欢喜双方的争论者与反对者;他善巧于诤事的生起与止息——他知诤事;他知诤事之集;他知诤事之灭;他知导向诤事灭之道。伍巴离,具足这十法的比库应被指定为举罪者。」第三。
4. Upasampadāsuttaṃ4. 达上经
§34
‘‘Katihi nu kho, bhante, dhammehi samannāgatena bhikkhunā upasampādetabba’’nti? ‘‘Dasahi kho, upāli, dhammehi samannāgatena bhikkhunā upasampādetabbaṃ. Katamehi dasahi? Idhupāli, bhikkhu sīlavā hoti, pātimokkhasaṃvarasaṃvuto viharati ācāragocarasampanno aṇumattesu vajjesu bhayadassāvī, samādāya sikkhati sikkhāpadesu; bahussuto hoti sutadharo sutasannicayo, ye te dhammā ādikalyāṇā majjhekalyāṇā pariyosānakalyāṇā sātthaṃ sabyañjanaṃ kevalaparipuṇṇaṃ parisuddhaṃ brahmacariyaṃ abhivadanti, tathārūpāssa dhammā bahussutā honti dhātā vacasā paricitā manasānupekkhitā diṭṭhiyā suppaṭividdhā; pātimokkhaṃ kho panassa vitthārena svāgataṃ hoti suvibhattaṃ suppavattaṃ suvinicchitaṃ suttaso anubyañjanaso; paṭibalo hoti gilānaṃ upaṭṭhātuṃ vā upaṭṭhāpetuṃ vā; paṭibalo hoti anabhiratiṃ vūpakāsetuṃ vā vūpakāsāpetuṃ vā; paṭibalo hoti uppannaṃ kukkuccaṃ dhammato vinodetuṃ; paṭibalo hoti uppannaṃ diṭṭhigataṃ dhammato vivecetuṃ; paṭibalo hoti adhisīle samādapetuṃ; paṭibalo hoti adhicitte samādapetuṃ; paṭibalo hoti adhipaññāya samādapetuṃ. Imehi kho, upāli, dasahi dhammehi samannāgatena bhikkhunā upasampādetabba’’nti. Catutthaṃ.
「尊者,具足多少法的比库应授人达上呢?」「伍巴离,具足十法的比库应授人达上。哪十种呢?伍巴离,这里,比库是持戒者,以巴帝摩卡律仪防护而住,具足行与行处,于微细的罪中见怖畏,受持学习于诸学处;是多闻者、持法者、积聚所闻者,那些法初善、中善、后善,有义、有文,宣说完全圆满、遍净的梵行,这样的法他多闻、忆持、以语熟练、以意观察、以见善通达;他的巴帝摩卡已被详细地善学、分别论、善通晓、善抉择,依经文、依字句;他能够看护病者或令人看护;他能够遣除不乐或令人遣除;他能够如法地除去已生起的追悔;他能够如法地分离已生起的邪见;他能够令入于增上戒;他能够令入于增上心;他能够令入于增上慧。伍巴离,具足这十法的比库应授人达上。」第四。
5. Nissayasuttaṃ5. 依止经
§35
‘‘Katihi nu kho, bhante, dhammehi samannāgatena bhikkhunā nissayo dātabbo’’ti? ‘‘Dasahi kho, upāli, dhammehi samannāgatena bhikkhunā nissayo dātabbo. Katamehi dasahi? Idhupāli, bhikkhu sīlavā hoti…pe… samādāya sikkhati sikkhāpadesu; bahussuto hoti…pe… diṭṭhiyā suppaṭividdhā; pātimokkhaṃ kho panassa vitthārena svāgataṃ hoti suvibhattaṃ suppavattaṃ suvinicchitaṃ suttaso anubyañjanaso; paṭibalo hoti gilānaṃ upaṭṭhātuṃ vā upaṭṭhāpetuṃ vā; paṭibalo hoti anabhiratiṃ vūpakāsetuṃ vā vūpakāsāpetuṃ vā; paṭibalo hoti uppannaṃ kukkuccaṃ dhammato vinodetuṃ; paṭibalo hoti uppannaṃ diṭṭhigataṃ dhammato vivecetuṃ; paṭibalo hoti adhisīle…pe… adhicitte… adhipaññāya samādapetuṃ. Imehi kho, upāli, dasahi dhammehi samannāgatena bhikkhunā nissayo dātabbo’’ti. Pañcamaṃ.
「尊者,具足多少法的比库应给予依止呢?」「伍巴离,具足十法的比库应给予依止。哪十种呢?伍巴离,这里,比库是持戒者……乃至……受持学习于诸学处;是多闻者……乃至……以见善通达;他的巴帝摩卡已被详细地善学、分别论、善通晓、善抉择,依经文、依字句;他能够看护病者或令人看护;他能够遣除不乐或令人遣除;他能够如法地除去已生起的追悔;他能够如法地分离已生起的邪见;他能够令入于增上戒……乃至……增上心……增上慧。伍巴离,具足这十法的比库应给予依止。」第五。
6. Sāmaṇerasuttaṃ6. 沙玛内拉经
§36
‘‘Katihi nu kho, bhante, dhammehi samannāgatena bhikkhunā sāmaṇero upaṭṭhāpetabbo’’ti? ‘‘Dasahi kho, upāli, dhammehi samannāgatena bhikkhunā sāmaṇero upaṭṭhāpetabbo. Katamehi dasahi? Idhupāli, bhikkhu sīlavā hoti…pe… samādāya sikkhati sikkhāpadesu; bahussuto hoti…pe… diṭṭhiyā suppaṭividdhā; pātimokkhaṃ kho panassa vitthārena svāgataṃ hoti suvibhattaṃ suppavattaṃ suvinicchitaṃ suttaso anubyañjanaso; paṭibalo hoti gilānaṃ upaṭṭhātuṃ vā upaṭṭhāpetuṃ vā; paṭibalo hoti anabhiratiṃ vūpakāsetuṃ vā vūpakāsāpetuṃ vā; paṭibalo hoti uppannaṃ kukkuccaṃ dhammato vinodetuṃ; paṭibalo hoti uppannaṃ diṭṭhigataṃ dhammato vivecetuṃ; paṭibalo hoti adhisīle samādapetuṃ; paṭibalo hoti adhicitte samādapetuṃ; paṭibalo hoti adhipaññāya samādapetuṃ. Imehi kho, upāli, dasahi dhammehi samannāgatena bhikkhunā sāmaṇero upaṭṭhāpetabbo’’ti. Chaṭṭhaṃ.
「尊者,具足多少法的比库应令沙玛内拉须跋呢?」「伍巴离,具足十法的比库应令沙玛内拉须跋。哪十种呢?伍巴离,这里,比库是持戒者……乃至……受持学习于诸学处;是多闻者……乃至……以见善通达;他的巴帝摩卡已被详细地善学、分别论、善通晓、善抉择,依经文、依字句;他能够看护病者或令人看护;他能够遣除不乐或令人遣除;他能够如法地除去已生起的追悔;他能够如法地分离已生起的邪见;他能够令入于增上戒;他能够令入于增上心;他能够令入于增上慧。伍巴离,具足这十法的比库应令沙玛内拉须跋。」第六。
7. Saṅghabhedasuttaṃ7. 僧团破裂经
§37
‘‘‘Saṅghabhedo saṅghabhedo’ti, bhante, vuccati. Kittāvatā nu kho, bhante, saṅgho bhinno hotī’’ti? ‘‘Idhupāli, bhikkhū adhammaṃ dhammoti dīpenti, dhammaṃ adhammoti dīpenti, avinayaṃ vinayoti dīpenti, vinayaṃ avinayoti dīpenti, abhāsitaṃ alapitaṃ tathāgatena bhāsitaṃ lapitaṃ tathāgatenāti dīpenti, bhāsitaṃ lapitaṃ tathāgatena abhāsitaṃ alapitaṃ tathāgatenāti dīpenti, anāciṇṇaṃ tathāgatena āciṇṇaṃ tathāgatenāti dīpenti, āciṇṇaṃ tathāgatena anāciṇṇaṃ tathāgatenāti dīpenti, apaññattaṃ tathāgatena paññattaṃ tathāgatenāti dīpenti , paññattaṃ tathāgatena apaññattaṃ tathāgatenāti dīpenti. Te imehi dasahi vatthūhi avakassanti apakassanti āveni kammāni karonti āveni pātimokkhaṃ uddisanti. Ettāvatā kho, upāli, saṅgho bhinno hotī’’ti. Sattamaṃ.
「尊者,所说『僧团破裂、僧团破裂』。尊者,到什么程度僧团才是破裂的呢?」「伍巴离,这里,诸比库显示非法为法,显示法为非法,显示非律为律,显示律为非律,显示如来未说、未言者为如来已说、已言者,显示如来已说、已言者为如来未说、未言者,显示如来未行者为如来已行者,显示如来已行者为如来未行者,显示如来未制定者为如来已制定者,显示如来已制定者为如来未制定者。他们依这十事而分离、别离,作别众甘马,诵说别众巴帝摩卡。伍巴离,到这个程度僧团才是破裂的。」第七。
8. Saṅghasāmaggīsuttaṃ8. 僧团和合经
§38
‘‘‘Saṅghasāmaggī saṅghasāmaggī’ti, bhante, vuccati. Kittāvatā nu kho, bhante, saṅgho samaggo hotī’’ti? ‘‘Idhupāli, bhikkhū adhammaṃ adhammoti dīpenti, dhammaṃ dhammoti dīpenti, avinayaṃ avinayoti dīpenti, vinayaṃ vinayoti dīpenti, abhāsitaṃ alapitaṃ tathāgatena abhāsitaṃ alapitaṃ tathāgatenāti dīpenti, bhāsitaṃ lapitaṃ tathāgatena bhāsitaṃ lapitaṃ tathāgatenāti dīpenti, anāciṇṇaṃ tathāgatena anāciṇṇaṃ tathāgatenāti dīpenti, āciṇṇaṃ tathāgatena āciṇṇaṃ tathāgatenāti dīpenti, apaññattaṃ tathāgatena apaññattaṃ tathāgatenāti dīpenti, paññattaṃ tathāgatena paññattaṃ tathāgatenāti dīpenti. Te imehi dasahi vatthūhi na avakassanti na apakassanti na āveni kammāni karonti na āveni pātimokkhaṃ uddisanti. Ettāvatā kho, upāli, saṅgho samaggo hotī’’ti. Aṭṭhamaṃ.
「尊者,人们说『僧团和合、僧团和合』。尊者,到什么程度僧团是和合的呢?」「于此,伍巴离,诸比库阐明非法为非法,阐明法为法,阐明非律为非律,阐明律为律,阐明如来未说未言者为如来未说未言,阐明如来已说已言者为如来已说已言,阐明如来未行者为如来未行,阐明如来已行者为如来已行,阐明如来未制定者为如来未制定,阐明如来已制定者为如来已制定。他们以这十种事项不分离、不分开,不作别众甘马,不诵别众巴帝摩卡。伍巴离,到此程度僧团是和合的。」第八。
9. Paṭhamaānandasuttaṃ9. 第一阿难经
§39
Atha kho āyasmā ānando yena bhagavā tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā bhagavantaṃ abhivādetvā ekamantaṃ nisīdi. Ekamantaṃ nisinno kho āyasmā ānando bhagavantaṃ etadavoca – ‘‘‘saṅghabhedo saṅghabhedo’ti, bhante, vuccati. Kittāvatā nu kho, bhante, saṅgho bhinno hotī’’ti ? ‘‘Idhānanda, bhikkhū adhammaṃ dhammoti dīpenti, dhammaṃ adhammoti dīpenti, avinayaṃ vinayoti dīpenti…pe… paññattaṃ tathāgatena apaññattaṃ tathāgatenāti dīpenti. Te imehi dasahi vatthūhi avakassanti apakassanti āveni kammāni karonti āveni pātimokkhaṃ uddisanti. Ettāvatā kho, ānanda, saṅgho bhinno hotī’’ti.
尔时,具寿阿难达前往世尊处;抵达后,礼敬世尊,坐于一旁。坐于一旁的具寿阿难达对世尊如此说:「尊者,人们说『僧团破裂、僧团破裂』。尊者,到什么程度僧团是破裂的呢?」「于此,阿难达,诸比库阐明非法为法,阐明法为非法,阐明非律为律……乃至……阐明如来已制定者为如来未制定。他们以这十种事项分离、分开,作别众甘马,诵别众巴帝摩卡。阿难达,到此程度僧团是破裂的。」
‘‘Samaggaṃ pana, bhante, saṅghaṃ bhinditvā kiṃ so pasavatī’’ti? ‘‘Kappaṭṭhikaṃ, ānanda, kibbisaṃ pasavatī’’ti. ‘‘Kiṃ pana, bhante, kappaṭṭhikaṃ kibbisa’’nti? ‘‘Kappaṃ, ānanda, nirayamhi paccatīti –
「尊者,破裂和合的僧团后,他产生什么呢?」「阿难达,他产生一劫住的罪。」「尊者,什么是一劫住的罪呢?」「阿难达,他在地狱中煮一劫——
‘‘Āpāyiko nerayiko, kappaṭṭho saṅghabhedako;
「堕恶趣者、地狱者,一劫住的破僧者;
Vaggarato adhammaṭṭho, yogakkhemā padhaṃsati;
乐于派别、住于非法者,从离轭安稳堕落;
Saṅghaṃ samaggaṃ bhinditvā kappaṃ nirayamhi paccatī’’ti. navamaṃ;
破裂和合的僧团后,在地狱中煮一劫。」第九。
10. Dutiyaānandasuttaṃ10. 第二阿难经
§40
‘‘‘Saṅghasāmaggī saṅghasāmaggī’ti, bhante, vuccati. Kittāvatā nu kho, bhante, saṅgho samaggo hotī’’ti? ‘‘Idhānanda, bhikkhū adhammaṃ adhammoti dīpenti, dhammaṃ dhammoti dīpenti, avinayaṃ avinayoti dīpenti , vinayaṃ vinayoti dīpenti, abhāsitaṃ alapitaṃ tathāgatena abhāsitaṃ alapitaṃ tathāgatenāti dīpenti, bhāsitaṃ lapitaṃ tathāgatena bhāsitaṃ lapitaṃ tathāgatenāti dīpenti, anāciṇṇaṃ tathāgatena anāciṇṇaṃ tathāgatenāti dīpenti, āciṇṇaṃ tathāgatena āciṇṇaṃ tathāgatenāti dīpenti, apaññattaṃ tathāgatena apaññattaṃ tathāgatenāti dīpenti, paññattaṃ tathāgatena paññattaṃ tathāgatenāti dīpenti. Te imehi dasahi vatthūhi na avakassanti na apakassanti na āveni kammāni karonti na āveni pātimokkhaṃ uddisanti. Ettāvatā kho, ānanda, saṅgho samaggo hotī’’ti.
「尊者,人们说『僧团和合、僧团和合』。尊者,到什么程度僧团是和合的呢?」「于此,阿难达,诸比库阐明非法为非法,阐明法为法,阐明非律为非律,阐明律为律,阐明如来未说未言者为如来未说未言,阐明如来已说已言者为如来已说已言,阐明如来未行者为如来未行,阐明如来已行者为如来已行,阐明如来未制定者为如来未制定,阐明如来已制定者为如来已制定。他们以这十种事项不分离、不分开,不作别众甘马,不诵别众巴帝摩卡。阿难达,到此程度僧团是和合的。」
‘‘Bhinnaṃ pana, bhante, saṅghaṃ samaggaṃ katvā kiṃ so pasavatī’’ti? ‘‘Brahmaṃ, ānanda, puññaṃ pasavatī’’ti. ‘‘Kiṃ pana, bhante, brahmaṃ puñña’’nti? ‘‘Kappaṃ, ānanda, saggamhi modatīti –
「尊者,使破裂的僧团和合后,他产生什么呢?」「阿难达,他产生梵的福德。」「尊者,什么是梵的福德呢?」「阿难达,他在天界中欢喜一劫——
‘‘Sukhā saṅghassa sāmaggī, samaggānañca anuggaho;
「僧团的和合是安乐的,和合者们的互相支持,」
Samaggarato dhammaṭṭho, yogakkhemā na dhaṃsati;
「乐于和合、住于法,不会失坏离轭安稳;」
Saṅghaṃ samaggaṃ katvāna, kappaṃ saggamhi modatī’’ti. dasamaṃ;
「使僧团和合之后,在天界欢喜一劫。」第十经。
Upālivaggo catuttho. · 伍巴离品第四
Tassuddānaṃ –
其摄颂——
Upāli ṭhapanā ubbāho, upasampadanissayā;
伍巴离、设立、举罪,近圆、依止;
Sāmaṇero ca dve bhedā, ānandehi pare duveti.
沙玛内拉及二种破僧,以阿难等为其余二经。