(6) 1. Gotamīvaggo(6) 1. 果德弥品

95 段 · CSCD 巴利原典

1. Gotamīsuttaṃ1. 果德弥经

§51

Ekaṃ samayaṃ bhagavā sakkesu viharati kapilavatthusmiṃ nigrodhārāme. Atha kho mahāpajāpatī gotamī yena bhagavā tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā bhagavantaṃ abhivādetvā ekamantaṃ aṭṭhāsi. Ekamantaṃ ṭhitā kho mahāpajāpatī gotamī bhagavantaṃ etadavoca – ‘‘sādhu, bhante, labheyya mātugāmo tathāgatappavedite dhammavinaye agārasmā anagāriyaṃ pabbajja’’nti. ‘‘Alaṃ, gotami! Mā te rucci mātugāmassa tathāgatappavedite dhammavinaye agārasmā anagāriyaṃ pabbajjā’’ti.

一时,世尊住在释迦国咖毕拉瓦图的尼拘律园。那时,摩诃巴阇波提果德弥来到世尊处;来到后,礼敬世尊,站立在一旁。站立在一旁的摩诃巴阇波提果德弥对世尊如此说:「尊者,善哉!愿女人在如来所宣说的法与律中,得从在家出家成为非家。」「够了,果德弥!你不要喜欢女人在如来所宣说的法与律中,从在家出家成为非家。」

Dutiyampi kho mahāpajāpatī gotamī bhagavantaṃ etadavoca – ‘‘sādhu, bhante, labheyya mātugāmo tathāgatappavedite dhammavinaye agārasmā anagāriyaṃ pabbajja’’nti. ‘‘Alaṃ, gotami! Mā te rucci mātugāmassa tathāgatappavedite dhammavinaye agārasmā anagāriyaṃ pabbajjā’’ti. ‘‘Tatiyampi kho mahāpajāpatī gotamī bhagavantaṃ etadavoca – ‘‘sādhu bhante, labheyya mātugāmo tathāgatappavedite dhammavinaye agārasmā anagāriyaṃ pabbajja’’nti. ‘‘Alaṃ, gotami! Mā te rucci mātugāmassa tathāgatappavedite dhammavinaye agārasmā anagāriyaṃ pabbajjā’’ti.

第二次,摩诃巴阇波提果德弥对世尊如此说:「尊者,善哉!愿女人在如来所宣说的法与律中,得从在家出家成为非家。」「够了,果德弥!你不要喜欢女人在如来所宣说的法与律中,从在家出家成为非家。」第三次,摩诃巴阇波提果德弥对世尊如此说:「尊者,善哉!愿女人在如来所宣说的法与律中,得从在家出家成为非家。」「够了,果德弥!你不要喜欢女人在如来所宣说的法与律中,从在家出家成为非家。」

Atha kho mahāpajāpatī gotamī ‘‘na bhagavā anujānāti mātugāmassa tathāgatappavedite dhammavinaye agārasmā anagāriyaṃ pabbajja’’nti dukkhī dummanā assumukhī rudamānā bhagavantaṃ abhivādetvā padakkhiṇaṃ katvā pakkāmi.

那时,摩诃巴阇波提果德弥「世尊不允许女人在如来所宣说的法与律中,从在家出家成为非家」,悲伤、忧恼、泪流满面、哭泣着,礼敬世尊,作右绕后离去。

Atha kho bhagavā kapilavatthusmiṃ yathābhirantaṃ viharitvā yena vesālī tena cārikaṃ pakkāmi . Anupubbena cārikaṃ caramāno yena vesālī tadavasari. Tatra sudaṃ bhagavā vesāliyaṃ viharati mahāvane kūṭāgārasālāyaṃ . Atha kho mahāpajāpatī gotamī kese chedāpetvā kāsāyāni vatthāni acchādetvā sambahulāhi sākiyānīhi saddhiṃ yena vesālī tena pakkāmi. Anupubbena yena vesālī mahāvanaṃ kūṭāgārasālā tenupasaṅkami. Atha kho mahāpajāpatī gotamī sūnehi pādehi rajokiṇṇena gattena dukkhī dummanā assumukhī rudamānā bahidvārakoṭṭhake aṭṭhāsi.

那时,世尊在咖毕拉瓦图随意住后,向韦萨离出发游行。次第游行,到达韦萨离。在那里,世尊住在韦萨离大林重阁讲堂。那时,摩诃巴阇波提果德弥剃除头发,披着袈裟衣,与众多释迦族女一起,向韦萨离出发。次第地,来到韦萨离大林重阁讲堂。那时,摩诃巴阇波提果德弥以肿胀的脚、尘土遍布的身体,悲伤、忧恼、泪流满面、哭泣着,站立在门廊外。

Addasā kho āyasmā ānando mahāpajāpatiṃ gotamiṃ sūnehi pādehi rajokiṇṇena gattena dukkhiṃ dummanaṃ assumukhiṃ rudamānaṃ bahidvārakoṭṭhake ṭhitaṃ. Disvāna mahāpajāpatiṃ gotamiṃ etadavoca – ‘‘kiṃ nu tvaṃ, gotami, sūnehi pādehi rajokiṇṇena gattena dukkhī dummanā assumukhī rudamānā bahidvārakoṭṭhake ṭhitā’’ti? ‘‘Tathā hi pana, bhante ānanda, na bhagavā anujānāti mātugāmassa tathāgatappavedite dhammavinaye agārasmā anagāriyaṃ pabbajja’’nti. ‘‘Tena hi tvaṃ, gotami, muhuttaṃ idheva tāva hohi, yāvāhaṃ bhagavantaṃ yācāmi mātugāmassa tathāgatappavedite dhammavinaye agārasmā anagāriyaṃ pabbajja’’nti.

具寿阿难看见摩诃巴阇波提果德弥以肿胀的脚、尘土遍布的身体,悲伤、忧恼、泪流满面、哭泣着,站立在门廊外。看见后,对摩诃巴阇波提果德弥如此说:「果德弥,为何你以肿胀的脚、尘土遍布的身体,悲伤、忧恼、泪流满面、哭泣着,站立在门廊外?」「尊者阿难,因为世尊不允许女人在如来所宣说的法与律中,从在家出家成为非家。」「那么,果德弥,你就在这里等一会儿,我去向世尊请求女人在如来所宣说的法与律中,从在家出家成为非家。」

Atha kho āyasmā ānando yena bhagavā tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā bhagavantaṃ abhivādetvā ekamantaṃ nisīdi. Ekamantaṃ nisinno kho āyasmā ānando bhagavantaṃ etadavoca – ‘‘esā, bhante, mahāpajāpatī gotamī sūnehi pādehi rajokiṇṇena gattena dukkhī dummanā assumukhī rudamānā bahidvārakoṭṭhake ṭhitā – ‘na bhagavā anujānāti mātugāmassa tathāgatappavedite dhammavinaye agārasmā anagāriyaṃ pabbajja’nti. Sādhu, bhante, labheyya mātugāmo tathāgatappavedite dhammavinaye agārasmā anagāriyaṃ pabbajja’’nti. ‘‘Alaṃ, ānanda! Mā te rucci mātugāmassa tathāgatappavedite dhammavinaye agārasmā anagāriyaṃ pabbajjā’’ti.

那时,具寿阿难来到世尊处;来到后,礼敬世尊,坐在一旁。坐在一旁的具寿阿难对世尊如此说:「尊者,这位摩诃巴阇波提果德弥以肿胀的脚、尘土遍布的身体,悲伤、忧恼、泪流满面、哭泣着,站立在门廊外——『世尊不允许女人在如来所宣说的法与律中,从在家出家成为非家』。尊者,善哉!愿女人在如来所宣说的法与律中,得从在家出家成为非家。」「够了,阿难!你不要喜欢女人在如来所宣说的法与律中,从在家出家成为非家。」

Dutiyampi kho…pe… tatiyampi kho āyasmā ānando bhagavantaṃ etadavoca – ‘‘sādhu, bhante, labheyya mātugāmo tathāgatappavedite dhammavinaye agārasmā anagāriyaṃ pabbajja’’nti. ‘‘Alaṃ, ānanda! Mā te rucci mātugāmassa tathāgatappavedite dhammavinaye agārasmā anagāriyaṃ pabbajjā’’ti.

第二次……第三次,具寿阿难对世尊如此说:「尊者,善哉!愿女人在如来所宣说的法与律中,得从在家出家成为非家。」「够了,阿难!你不要喜欢女人在如来所宣说的法与律中,从在家出家成为非家。」

Atha kho āyasmato ānandassa etadahosi – ‘‘na bhagavā anujānāti mātugāmassa tathāgatappavedite dhammavinaye agārasmā anagāriyaṃ pabbajjaṃ. Yaṃnūnāhaṃ aññenapi pariyāyena bhagavantaṃ yāceyyaṃ mātugāmassa tathāgatappavedite dhammavinaye agārasmā anagāriyaṃ pabbajja’’nti. Atha kho āyasmā ānando bhagavantaṃ etadavoca – ‘‘bhabbo nu kho, bhante, mātugāmo tathāgatappavedite dhammavinaye agārasmā anagāriyaṃ pabbajitvā sotāpattiphalaṃ vā sakadāgāmiphalaṃ vā anāgāmiphalaṃ vā arahattaphalaṃ vā sacchikātu’’nti? ‘‘Bhabbo, ānanda, mātugāmo tathāgatappavedite dhammavinaye agārasmā anagāriyaṃ pabbajitvā sotāpattiphalampi sakadāgāmiphalampi anāgāmiphalampi arahattaphalampi sacchikātu’’nti. ‘‘Sace, bhante, bhabbo mātugāmo tathāgatappavedite dhammavinaye agārasmā anagāriyaṃ pabbajitvā sotāpattiphalampi…pe… arahattaphalampi sacchikātuṃ, bahukārā, bhante, mahāpajāpatī gotamī bhagavato mātucchā āpādikā posikā khīrassa dāyikā; bhagavantaṃ janettiyā kālaṅkatāya thaññaṃ pāyesi. Sādhu, bhante, labheyya mātugāmo tathāgatappavedite dhammavinaye agārasmā anagāriyaṃ pabbajja’’nti.

那时,具寿阿难如此想:「世尊不允许女人在如来所宣说的法与律中,从在家出家成为非家。我何不以另一种方式向世尊请求女人在如来所宣说的法与律中,从在家出家成为非家?」那时,具寿阿难对世尊如此说:「尊者,女人能够在如来所宣说的法与律中,从在家出家成为非家后,证得入流果、一来果、不来果或阿拉汉果吗?」「阿难,女人能够在如来所宣说的法与律中,从在家出家成为非家后,证得入流果、一来果、不来果或阿拉汉果。」「尊者,如果女人能够在如来所宣说的法与律中,从在家出家成为非家后,证得入流果……阿拉汉果,尊者,摩诃巴阇波提果德弥对世尊有大恩德,是姨母、养育者、哺乳者;世尊的生母去世后,她以乳汁哺育世尊。尊者,善哉!愿女人在如来所宣说的法与律中,得从在家出家成为非家。」

‘‘Sace, ānanda, mahāpajāpatī gotamī aṭṭha garudhamme paṭiggaṇhāti, sāvassā hotu upasampadā –

「阿难,如果摩诃巴阇波提·果德弥接受八重法,那对她来说就是受达上——

‘‘Vassasatūpasampannāya bhikkhuniyā tadahūpasampannassa bhikkhuno abhivādanaṃ paccuṭṭhānaṃ añjalikammaṃ sāmīcikammaṃ kattabbaṃ. Ayampi dhammo sakkatvā garuṃ katvā mānetvā pūjetvā yāvajīvaṃ anatikkamanīyo.

「受达上百岁的比库尼应当对当日受达上的比库作礼敬、起迎、合掌、恭敬业。此法应恭敬、尊重、敬重、礼敬,尽形寿不应违越。

‘‘Na bhikkhuniyā abhikkhuke āvāse vassaṃ upagantabbaṃ. Ayampi dhammo sakkatvā garuṃ katvā mānetvā pūjetvā yāvajīvaṃ anatikkamanīyo.

「比库尼不应在无比库的住处进入雨安居。此法应恭敬、尊重、敬重、礼敬,尽形寿不应违越。

‘‘Anvaḍḍhamāsaṃ bhikkhuniyā bhikkhusaṅghato dve dhammā paccāsīsitabbā – uposathapucchakañca, ovādūpasaṅkamanañca . Ayampi dhammo sakkatvā garuṃ katvā mānetvā pūjetvā yāvajīvaṃ anatikkamanīyo.

「每半月比库尼应从比库僧团期待两法——询问伍波萨他日,以及前来听教诫。此法应恭敬、尊重、敬重、礼敬,尽形寿不应违越。

‘‘Vassaṃvuṭṭhāya bhikkhuniyā ubhatosaṅghe tīhi ṭhānehi pavāretabbaṃ – diṭṭhena vā sutena vā parisaṅkāya vā. Ayampi dhammo sakkatvā garuṃ katvā mānetvā pūjetvā yāvajīvaṃ anatikkamanīyo.

「雨安居住毕的比库尼应在两部僧团以三事自恣——以见、以闻、以疑。此法应恭敬、尊重、敬重、礼敬,尽形寿不应违越。

‘‘Garudhammaṃ ajjhāpannāya bhikkhuniyā ubhatosaṅghe pakkhamānattaṃ caritabbaṃ. Ayampi dhammo sakkatvā garuṃ katvā mānetvā pūjetvā yāvajīvaṃ anatikkamanīyo.

「犯重法的比库尼应在两部僧团行半月别住。此法应恭敬、尊重、敬重、礼敬,尽形寿不应违越。

‘‘Dve vassāni chasu dhammesu sikkhitasikkhāya sikkhamānāya ubhatosaṅghe upasampadā pariyesitabbā. Ayampi dhammo sakkatvā garuṃ katvā mānetvā pūjetvā yāvajīvaṃ anatikkamanīyo.

「在六法中学习二年的学法女应在两部僧团寻求受达上。此法应恭敬、尊重、敬重、礼敬,尽形寿不应违越。

‘‘Na kenaci pariyāyena bhikkhuniyā bhikkhu akkositabbo paribhāsitabbo. Ayampi dhammo sakkatvā garuṃ katvā mānetvā pūjetvā yāvajīvaṃ anatikkamanīyo.

「比库尼不应以任何方式辱骂、诽谤比库。此法应恭敬、尊重、敬重、礼敬,尽形寿不应违越。

「从今日起,比库尼对比库的言说之道被关闭,比库对比库尼的言说之道不被关闭。此法也应恭敬、尊重、敬重、礼敬,尽形寿不应违越。」

‘‘Sace, ānanda, mahāpajāpatī gotamī ime aṭṭha garudhamme paṭiggaṇhāti, sāvassā hotu upasampadā’’ti.

「阿难,若大巴咖巴帝果德弥接受这八项重法,那即是她的达上。」

Atha kho āyasmā ānando bhagavato santike ime aṭṭha garudhamme uggahetvā yena mahāpajāpatī gotamī tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā mahāpajāpatiṃ gotamiṃ etadavoca –

那时,具寿阿难在世尊处学得这八项重法后,前往大巴咖巴帝果德弥处;抵达后,对大巴咖巴帝果德弥如此说:

‘‘Sace kho tvaṃ, gotami, aṭṭha garudhamme paṭiggaṇheyyāsi, sāva te bhavissati upasampadā –

「果德弥,若你接受八项重法,那即是你的达上——

「受达上百岁的比库尼应对当日受达上的比库作礼敬、起立、合掌、恭敬业。此法也应恭敬、尊重、敬重、礼敬,尽形寿不应违越。……(中略)……

‘‘Ajjatagge ovaṭo bhikkhunīnaṃ bhikkhūsu vacanapatho, anovaṭo bhikkhūnaṃ bhikkhunīsu vacanapatho. Ayampi dhammo sakkatvā garuṃ katvā mānetvā pūjetvā yāvajīvaṃ anatikkamanīyo. Sace kho tvaṃ, gotami, ime aṭṭha garudhamme paṭiggaṇheyyāsi, sāva te bhavissati upasampadā’’ti.

「从今日起,比库尼对比库的言说之道被关闭,比库对比库尼的言说之道不被关闭。此法也应恭敬、尊重、敬重、礼敬,尽形寿不应违越。果德弥,若你接受这八项重法,那即是你的达上。」

‘‘Seyyathāpi , bhante ānanda, itthī vā puriso vā daharo yuvā maṇḍanakajātiko sīsaṃnhāto uppalamālaṃ vā vassikamālaṃ vā adhimuttakamālaṃ vā labhitvā ubhohi hatthehi paṭiggahetvā uttamaṅge sirasmiṃ patiṭṭhāpeyya; evamevaṃ kho ahaṃ, bhante ānanda, ime aṭṭha garudhamme paṭiggaṇhāmi yāvajīvaṃ anatikkamanīye’’ti.

「尊者阿难,譬如年轻、青春、喜好装饰的女人或男人,沐浴头后,得到青莲花鬘、茉莉花鬘或素馨花鬘,以双手接受后,会安置在最上处——头上;同样地,尊者阿难,我接受这八项重法,尽形寿不违越。」

Atha kho āyasmā ānando yena bhagavā tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā bhagavantaṃ abhivādetvā ekamantaṃ nisīdi. Ekamantaṃ nisinno kho āyasmā ānando bhagavantaṃ etadavoca – ‘‘paṭiggahitā, bhante, mahāpajāpatiyā gotamiyā aṭṭha garudhammā yāvajīvaṃ anatikkamanīyā’’ti.

那时,具寿阿难前往世尊处;抵达后,礼敬世尊,在一旁坐下。在一旁坐下的具寿阿难对世尊如此说:「世尊,大巴咖巴帝果德弥已接受八项重法,尽形寿不违越。」

‘‘Sace, ānanda, nālabhissa mātugāmo tathāgatappavedite dhammavinaye agārasmā anagāriyaṃ pabbajjaṃ, ciraṭṭhitikaṃ, ānanda, brahmacariyaṃ abhavissa, vassasahassameva saddhammo tiṭṭheyya. Yato ca kho, ānanda, mātugāmo tathāgatappavedite dhammavinaye agārasmā anagāriyaṃ pabbajito, na dāni, ānanda, brahmacariyaṃ ciraṭṭhitikaṃ bhavissati. Pañceva dāni, ānanda, vassasatāni saddhammo ṭhassati.

「阿难,若女人未在如来所宣说的法与律中得从在家出家为无家,阿难,梵行将会久住,正法将住立一千年。然而,阿难,既然女人已在如来所宣说的法与律中从在家出家为无家,阿难,现在梵行将不会久住。阿难,现在正法将只住立五百年。」

‘‘Seyyathāpi, ānanda, yāni kānici kulāni bahutthikāni appapurisakāni, tāni suppadhaṃsiyāni honti corehi kumbhatthenakehi; evamevaṃ kho, ānanda, yasmiṃ dhammavinaye labhati mātugāmo agārasmā anagāriyaṃ pabbajjaṃ, na taṃ brahmacariyaṃ ciraṭṭhitikaṃ hoti.

「阿难,譬如任何家族女人多而男人少,那些家族容易被盗贼、破瓶贼所侵害;同样地,阿难,在任何法与律中,若女人得从在家出家为无家,那梵行不会久住。」

‘‘Seyyathāpi , ānanda, sampanne sālikkhette setaṭṭhikā nāma rogajāti nipatati, evaṃ taṃ sālikkhettaṃ na ciraṭṭhitikaṃ hoti; evamevaṃ kho, ānanda, yasmiṃ dhammavinaye labhati mātugāmo agārasmā anagāriyaṃ pabbajjaṃ, na taṃ brahmacariyaṃ ciraṭṭhitikaṃ hoti.

「阿难,譬如在成熟的稻田中,名为白穗病的疾病降临,如此那稻田不会久住;同样地,阿难,在任何法与律中,若女人得从在家出家为无家,那梵行不会久住。」

‘‘Seyyathāpi , ānanda, sampanne ucchukkhette mañjiṭṭhikā nāma rogajāti nipatati, evaṃ taṃ ucchukkhettaṃ na ciraṭṭhitikaṃ hoti; evamevaṃ kho, ānanda, yasmiṃ dhammavinaye labhati mātugāmo agārasmā anagāriyaṃ pabbajjaṃ, na taṃ brahmacariyaṃ ciraṭṭhitikaṃ hoti.

「阿难,譬如在成熟的甘蔗田中,名为红腐病的疾病降临,如此那甘蔗田不会久住;同样地,阿难,在任何法与律中,若女人得从在家出家为无家,那梵行不会久住。」

‘‘Seyyathāpi , ānanda, puriso mahato taḷākassa paṭikacceva āḷiṃ bandheyya yāvadeva udakassa anatikkamanāya; evamevaṃ kho, ānanda, mayā paṭikacceva bhikkhunīnaṃ aṭṭha garudhammā paññattā yāvajīvaṃ anatikkamanīyā’’ti. Paṭhamaṃ.

「阿难,譬如男子预先在大池塘筑堤坝,仅为了水不溢出;同样地,阿难,我预先为诸比库尼制定八重法,尽形寿不应违越。」第一。

2. Ovādasuttaṃ2. 教诫经

§52

Ekaṃ samayaṃ bhagavā vesāliyaṃ viharati mahāvane kūṭāgārasālāyaṃ. Atha kho āyasmā ānando yena bhagavā tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā bhagavantaṃ abhivādetvā ekamantaṃ nisīdi. Ekamantaṃ nisinno kho āyasmā ānando bhagavantaṃ etadavoca – ‘‘katihi nu kho, bhante, dhammehi samannāgato bhikkhu bhikkhunovādako sammannitabbo’’ti?

一时,世尊住在韦萨离大林重阁讲堂。那时,具寿阿难去到世尊那里;到了之后,礼敬世尊,在一旁坐下。在一旁坐下的具寿阿难对世尊如此说:「尊者,具足多少法的比库应被认可为比库尼的教诫者?」

‘‘Aṭṭhahi kho, ānanda, dhammehi samannāgato bhikkhu bhikkhunovādako sammannitabbo. Katamehi aṭṭhahi? Idhānanda, bhikkhu sīlavā hoti…pe… samādāya sikkhati sikkhāpadesu; bahussuto hoti…pe… diṭṭhiyā suppaṭividdhā; ubhayāni kho panassa pātimokkhāni vitthārena svāgatāni honti suvibhattāni suppavattīni suvinicchitāni suttaso anubyañjanaso; kalyāṇavāco hoti kalyāṇavākkaraṇo, poriyā vācāya samannāgato vissaṭṭhāya anelagaḷāya atthassa viññāpaniyā; paṭibalo hoti bhikkhunisaṅghassa dhammiyā kathāya sandassetuṃ samādapetuṃ samuttejetuṃ sampahaṃsetuṃ; yebhuyyena bhikkhunīnaṃ piyo hoti manāpo; na kho panetaṃ bhagavantaṃ uddissa pabbajitāya kāsāyavatthanivasanāya garudhammaṃ ajjhāpannapubbo hoti; vīsativasso vā hoti atirekavīsativasso vā. Imehi kho, ānanda, aṭṭhahi dhammehi samannāgato bhikkhu bhikkhunovādako sammannitabbo’’ti. Dutiyaṃ.

「阿难,具足八法的比库应被认可为比库尼的教诫者。哪八法?阿难,这里,比库是持戒者……(中略)……受持学习于诸学处;是多闻者……(中略)……以见善通达;他的两部巴帝摩卡已被详细地善学、分别论、善确立、善抉择,依经文、依字句;是善语者,具足善语,具备优雅的言辞,清晰的、不含糊的、能表达义理的;能够以如法的言说向比库尼僧团教示、劝导、鼓励、使之欢喜;大多数比库尼所喜爱的、所爱乐的;他未曾对为世尊而出家、着袈裟衣者犯过重法;是二十岁或超过二十岁。阿难,具足这八法的比库应被认可为比库尼的教诫者。」第二。

3. Saṃkhittasuttaṃ3. 略说经

§53

Ekaṃ samayaṃ bhagavā vesāliyaṃ viharati mahāvane kūṭāgārasālāyaṃ. Atha kho mahāpajāpatī gotamī yena bhagavā tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā bhagavantaṃ abhivādetvā ekamantaṃ aṭṭhāsi. Ekamantaṃ ṭhitā kho sā mahāpajāpatī gotamī bhagavantaṃ etadavoca –

一时,世尊住在韦萨离大林重阁讲堂。那时,摩诃巴阇波提果德弥去到世尊那里;到了之后,礼敬世尊,站在一旁。站在一旁的摩诃巴阇波提果德弥对世尊如此说:

‘‘Sādhu me, bhante, bhagavā saṃkhittena dhammaṃ desetu, yamahaṃ bhagavato dhammaṃ sutvā ekā vūpakaṭṭhā appamattā ātāpinī pahitattā vihareyya’’nti. ‘‘Ye kho tvaṃ, gotami, dhamme jāneyyāsi – ‘ime dhammā sarāgāya saṃvattanti, no virāgāya; saṃyogāya saṃvattanti, no visaṃyogāya; ācayāya saṃvattanti, no apacayāya; mahicchatāya saṃvattanti, no appicchatāya; asantuṭṭhiyā saṃvattanti, no santuṭṭhiyā; saṅgaṇikāya saṃvattanti, no pavivekāya; kosajjāya saṃvattanti, no vīriyārambhāya; dubbharatāya saṃvattanti, no subharatāyā’ti, ekaṃsena, gotami, dhāreyyāsi – ‘neso dhammo, neso vinayo, netaṃ satthusāsana’’’nti .

「尊者!请世尊为我简要地说法,我听闻世尊之法后,得以独自远离、不放逸、热诚、专心致志而住。」「果德弥!凡你知道那些法——『这些法导向有贪,不导向离贪;导向结缚,不导向离缚;导向积集,不导向减损;导向多欲,不导向少欲;导向不知足,不导向知足;导向众聚,不导向远离;导向懈怠,不导向精进策励;导向难养,不导向易养』,果德弥!你应当确定地受持——『这不是法,这不是律,这不是导师的教诫』。」

‘‘Ye ca kho tvaṃ, gotami, dhamme jāneyyāsi – ‘ime dhammā virāgāya saṃvattanti, no sarāgāya; visaṃyogāya saṃvattanti, no saṃyogāya; apacayāya saṃvattanti, no ācayāya; appicchatāya saṃvattanti, no mahicchatāya; santuṭṭhiyā saṃvattanti, no asantuṭṭhiyā; pavivekāya saṃvattanti, no saṅgaṇikāya ; vīriyārambhāya saṃvattanti, no kosajjāya; subharatāya saṃvattanti, no dubbharatāyā’ti, ekaṃsena, gotami, dhāreyyāsi – ‘eso dhammo, eso vinayo, etaṃ satthusāsana’’’nti. Tatiyaṃ.

「果德弥!凡你知道那些法——『这些法导向离贪,不导向有贪;导向离缚,不导向结缚;导向减损,不导向积集;导向少欲,不导向多欲;导向知足,不导向不知足;导向远离,不导向众聚;导向精进策励,不导向懈怠;导向易养,不导向难养』,果德弥!你应当确定地受持——『这是法,这是律,这是导师的教诫』。」第三经。

4. Dīghajāṇusuttaṃ4. 长膝经

§54

Ekaṃ samayaṃ bhagavā koliyesu viharati kakkarapattaṃ nāma koliyānaṃ nigamo. Atha kho dīghajāṇu koliyaputto yena bhagavā tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā bhagavantaṃ abhivādetvā ekamantaṃ nisīdi. Ekamantaṃ nisinno kho dīghajāṇu koliyaputto bhagavantaṃ etadavoca – ‘‘mayaṃ, bhante, gihī kāmabhogino puttasambādhasayanaṃ ajjhāvasāma, kāsikacandanaṃ paccanubhoma , mālāgandhavilepanaṃ dhārayāma, jātarūparajataṃ sādayāma. Tesaṃ no, bhante, bhagavā amhākaṃ tathā dhammaṃ desetu ye amhākaṃ assu dhammā diṭṭhadhammahitāya diṭṭhadhammasukhāya, samparāyahitāya samparāyasukhāyā’’ti.

一时,世尊住在库利亚人中,名为咖咖喇巴答的库利亚人村落。尔时,库利亚人之子地伽佳努前往世尊之处;抵达后,礼敬世尊,坐于一旁。坐于一旁的库利亚人之子地伽佳努对世尊如此说:「尊者!我们是在家人,享受诸欲,住于为子女所拥挤的卧处,受用咖西咖旃檀,持用花鬘、香、涂料,接受金银。尊者!请世尊为我们这样的人说法,那些法对我们现法有益、现法安乐,来世有益、来世安乐。」

‘‘Cattārome, byagghapajja, dhammā kulaputtassa diṭṭhadhammahitāya saṃvattanti diṭṭhadhammasukhāya. Katame cattāro? Uṭṭhānasampadā, ārakkhasampadā, kalyāṇamittatā, samajīvitā . Katamā ca, byagghapajja, uṭṭhānasampadā? Idha, byagghapajja, kulaputto yena kammaṭṭhānena jīvikaṃ kappeti – yadi kasiyā, yadi vaṇijjāya, yadi gorakkhena, yadi issattena , yadi rājaporisena, yadi sippaññatarena – tattha dakkho hoti analaso, tatrupāyāya vīmaṃsāya samannāgato, alaṃ kātuṃ alaṃ saṃvidhātuṃ. Ayaṃ vuccati, byagghapajja, uṭṭhānasampadā.

「毕亚咖巴伽!有这四法导向善男子现法有益、现法安乐。哪四种?勤奋成就、守护成就、善友谊、平衡生活。毕亚咖巴伽!什么是勤奋成就?毕亚咖巴伽!于此,善男子以某种工作谋生——或以耕作,或以商业,或以养牛,或以弓术,或以王臣,或以其他某种技艺——于此他善巧、不懈怠,具足对方法的思量,能够作、能够安排。毕亚咖巴伽!这称为勤奋成就。

‘‘Katamā ca, byagghapajja, ārakkhasampadā? Idha, byagghapajja, kulaputtassa bhogā honti uṭṭhānavīriyādhigatā bāhābalaparicitā, sedāvakkhittā, dhammikā dhammaladdhā. Te ārakkhena guttiyā sampādeti – ‘kinti me ime bhoge neva rājāno hareyyuṃ, na corā hareyyuṃ, na aggi ḍaheyya, na udakaṃ vaheyya, na appiyā dāyādā hareyyu’nti! Ayaṃ vuccati, byagghapajja, ārakkhasampadā.

「毕亚咖巴伽!什么是守护成就?毕亚咖巴伽!于此,善男子拥有以勤奋精进所获得、以臂力所积累、以汗水所浇灌、如法的、如法所得的财富。他以守护、防护来成就它们——『如何使我的这些财富不被诸王夺取,不被盗贼夺取,不被火烧毁,不被水冲走,不被不喜爱的继承人夺取』。毕亚咖巴伽!这称为守护成就。

‘‘Katamā ca, byagghapajja, kalyāṇamittatā? Idha, byagghapajja, kulaputto yasmiṃ gāme vā nigame vā paṭivasati, tattha ye te honti – gahapatī vā gahapatiputtā vā daharā vā vuddhasīlino, vuddhā vā vuddhasīlino, saddhāsampannā, sīlasampannā, cāgasampannā, paññāsampannā – tehi saddhiṃ santiṭṭhati sallapati sākacchaṃ samāpajjati; yathārūpānaṃ saddhāsampannānaṃ saddhāsampadaṃ anusikkhati, yathārūpānaṃ sīlasampannānaṃ sīlasampadaṃ anusikkhati, yathārūpānaṃ cāgasampannānaṃ cāgasampadaṃ anusikkhati, yathārūpānaṃ paññāsampannānaṃ paññāsampadaṃ anusikkhati. Ayaṃ vuccati, byagghapajja, kalyāṇamittatā.

「毕亚咖巴伽!什么是善友谊?毕亚咖巴伽!于此,善男子在他所居住的村或镇中,那些是——家主或家主之子,年轻而具足长老之戒,年长而具足长老之戒,具足信、达上、具足施舍、具足慧——他与他们共住、交谈、进入讨论;他随学那些具足信者的信成就,他随学那些达上者的戒成就,他随学那些具足施舍者的施舍成就,他随学那些具足慧者的慧成就。毕亚咖巴伽!这称为善友谊。

‘‘Katamā ca, byagghapajja, samajīvitā? Idha, byagghapajja, kulaputto āyañca bhogānaṃ viditvā, vayañca bhogānaṃ viditvā, samaṃ jīvikaṃ kappeti nāccogāḷhaṃ nātihīnaṃ – ‘evaṃ me āyo vayaṃ pariyādāya ṭhassati, na ca me vayo āyaṃ pariyādāya ṭhassatī’ti. Seyyathāpi , byagghapajja, tulādhāro vā tulādhārantevāsī vā tulaṃ paggahetvā jānāti – ‘ettakena vā onataṃ , ettakena vā unnata’nti ; evamevaṃ kho, byagghapajja, kulaputto āyañca bhogānaṃ viditvā, vayañca bhogānaṃ viditvā, samaṃ jīvikaṃ kappeti nāccogāḷhaṃ nātihīnaṃ – ‘evaṃ me āyo vayaṃ pariyādāya ṭhassati , na ca me vayo āyaṃ pariyādāya ṭhassatī’ti. Sacāyaṃ, byagghapajja, kulaputto appāyo samāno uḷāraṃ jīvikaṃ kappeti, tassa bhavanti vattāro – ‘udumbarakhādīvāyaṃ kulaputto bhoge khādatī’ti. Sace panāyaṃ, byagghapajja, kulaputto mahāyo samāno kasiraṃ jīvikaṃ kappeti, tassa bhavanti vattāro – ‘ajeṭṭhamaraṇaṃvāyaṃ kulaputto marissatī’ti. Yato ca khoyaṃ, byagghapajja, kulaputto āyañca bhogānaṃ viditvā, vayañca bhogānaṃ viditvā, samaṃ jīvikaṃ kappeti nāccogāḷhaṃ nātihīnaṃ – ‘evaṃ me āyo vayaṃ pariyādāya ṭhassati, na ca me vayo āyaṃ pariyādāya ṭhassatī’ti. Ayaṃ vuccati, byagghapajja, samajīvitā.

「毕亚咖巴伽!什么是平衡生活?毕亚咖巴伽!于此,善男子知道财富的收入,知道财富的支出,过平衡的生活,不过度奢侈,不过度吝啬——『如此我的收入将超过支出而存续,我的支出不会超过收入而存续』。毕亚咖巴伽!譬如持秤者或持秤者的弟子,拿起秤后知道——『以此程度下沉,以此程度上升』;同样地,毕亚咖巴伽!善男子知道财富的收入,知道财富的支出,过平衡的生活,不过度奢侈,不过度吝啬——『如此我的收入将超过支出而存续,我的支出不会超过收入而存续』。毕亚咖巴伽!若这位善男子收入少却过奢侈的生活,他们会说——『这位善男子像吃无花果树者一样吃财富』。毕亚咖巴伽!若这位善男子收入多却过吝啬的生活,他们会说——『这位善男子将死于非人之死』。毕亚咖巴伽!当这位善男子知道财富的收入,知道财富的支出,过平衡的生活,不过度奢侈,不过度吝啬——『如此我的收入将超过支出而存续,我的支出不会超过收入而存续』。毕亚咖巴伽!这称为平衡生活。

‘‘Evaṃ samuppannānaṃ, byagghapajja, bhogānaṃ cattāri apāyamukhāni honti – itthidhutto, surādhutto, akkhadhutto, pāpamitto pāpasahāyo pāpasampavaṅko. Seyyathāpi, byagghapajja, mahato taḷākassa cattāri ceva āyamukhāni, cattāri ca apāyamukhāni. Tassa puriso yāni ceva āyamukhāni tāni pidaheyya, yāni ca apāyamukhāni tāni vivareyya; devo ca na sammā dhāraṃ anuppaveccheyya. Evañhi tassa, byagghapajja, mahato taḷākassa parihāniyeva pāṭikaṅkhā, no vuddhi; evamevaṃ, byagghapajja, evaṃ samuppannānaṃ bhogānaṃ cattāri apāyamukhāni honti – itthidhutto, surādhutto, akkhadhutto, pāpamitto pāpasahāyo pāpasampavaṅko.

「毕亚咖巴伽!如此生起的财富有四个损失之门——沉迷于女人、沉迷于酒、沉迷于赌博、恶友、恶伴、恶同伴。毕亚咖巴伽!譬如大池有四个入口和四个出口。若有人堵塞那些入口,打开那些出口;天又不正确地降下雨水。毕亚咖巴伽!如此,那个大池只能期待减损,不能增长;同样地,毕亚咖巴伽!如此生起的财富有四个损失之门——沉迷于女人、沉迷于酒、沉迷于赌博、恶友、恶伴、恶同伴。」

‘‘Evaṃ samuppannānaṃ, byagghapajja, bhogānaṃ cattāri āyamukhāni honti – na itthidhutto, na surādhutto, na akkhadhutto , kalyāṇamitto kalyāṇasahāyo kalyāṇasampavaṅko. Seyyathāpi, byagghapajja, mahato taḷākassa cattāri ceva āyamukhāni, cattāri ca apāyamukhāni. Tassa puriso yāni ceva āyamukhāni tāni vivareyya, yāni ca apāyamukhāni tāni pidaheyya; devo ca sammā dhāraṃ anuppaveccheyya. Evañhi tassa, byagghapajja, mahato taḷākassa vuddhiyeva pāṭikaṅkhā, no parihāni; evamevaṃ kho, byagghapajja, evaṃ samuppannānaṃ bhogānaṃ cattāri āyamukhāni honti – na itthidhutto , na surādhutto, na akkhadhutto, kalyāṇamitto kalyāṇasahāyo kalyāṇasampavaṅko. Ime kho, byagghapajja, cattāro dhammā kulaputtassa diṭṭhadhammahitāya saṃvattanti diṭṭhadhammasukhāya.

「毗耶喀巴迦,如此获得的财富有四个入口——不沉迷于女人,不沉迷于酒,不沉迷于赌博,有善友、善伴、善同伴。毗耶喀巴迦,譬如有一大池,有四个入口和四个出口。若有人打开那些入口,堵塞那些出口,天又适时降下充足的雨水。毗耶喀巴迦,如此,那大池只可期待增长,不会减少。同样地,毗耶喀巴迦,如此获得的财富有四个入口——不沉迷于女人,不沉迷于酒,不沉迷于赌博,有善友、善伴、善同伴。毗耶喀巴迦,这四法导向善男子现法的利益与现法的安乐。」

‘‘Cattārome, byagghapajja, dhammā kulaputtassa samparāyahitāya saṃvattanti samparāyasukhāya. Katame cattāro? Saddhāsampadā, sīlasampadā , cāgasampadā, paññāsampadā. Katamā ca, byagghapajja, saddhāsampadā? Idha, byagghapajja, kulaputto saddho hoti, saddahati tathāgatassa bodhiṃ – ‘itipi so bhagavā…pe… satthā devamanussānaṃ buddho bhagavā’ti. Ayaṃ vuccati, byagghapajja, saddhāsampadā.

「毗耶喀巴迦,有此四法导向善男子来世的利益与来世的安乐。哪四种?信具足、戒具足、施具足、慧具足。毗耶喀巴迦,什么是信具足?毗耶喀巴迦,在此,善男子有信,信如来的觉悟——『如是,彼世尊……(中略)……天人师、佛、世尊』。毗耶喀巴迦,这称为信具足。」

‘‘Katamā ca, byagghapajja, sīlasampadā? Idha, byagghapajja, kulaputto pāṇātipātā paṭivirato hoti…pe… surāmerayamajjapamādaṭṭhānā paṭivirato hoti. Ayaṃ vuccati, byagghapajja, sīlasampadā.

「毗耶喀巴迦,什么是戒具足?毗耶喀巴迦,在此,善男子离杀生……(中略)……离放逸之因的诸酒类。毗耶喀巴迦,这称为戒具足。」

‘‘Katamā ca, byagghapajja, cāgasampadā? Idha, byagghapajja, kulaputto vigatamalamaccherena cetasā agāraṃ ajjhāvasati muttacāgo payatapāṇi vossaggarato yācayogo dānasaṃvibhāgarato. Ayaṃ vuccati, byagghapajja, cāgasampadā.

「毗耶喀巴迦,什么是施具足?毗耶喀巴迦,在此,善男子以离垢离悭的心住于家中,是慷慨施者、手常施予者、喜好舍弃者、乞求的对象者、喜好布施分享者。毗耶喀巴迦,这称为施具足。」

‘‘Katamā ca, byagghapajja, paññāsampadā? Idha , byagghapajja, kulaputto paññavā hoti, udayatthagāminiyā paññāya samannāgato ariyāya nibbedhikāya sammā dukkhakkhayagāminiyā. Ayaṃ vuccati, byagghapajja, paññāsampadā. Ime kho, byagghapajja, cattāro dhammā kulaputtassa samparāyahitāya saṃvattanti samparāyasukhāyā’’ti.

「毗耶喀巴迦,什么是慧具足?毗耶喀巴迦,在此,善男子有慧,具足导向生灭的慧,具足圣者的、洞察的、正导向苦尽的慧。毗耶喀巴迦,这称为慧具足。毗耶喀巴迦,这四法导向善男子来世的利益与来世的安乐。」

‘‘Uṭṭhātā kammadheyyesu, appamatto vidhānavā;

「精勤于应作之业,于此不放逸、善安排,」

Samaṃ kappeti jīvikaṃ , sambhataṃ anurakkhati.

「平衡地维持生计,守护所积聚的。」

‘‘Saddho sīlena sampanno, vadaññū vītamaccharo;

「有信、达上,慷慨、离悭吝,」

Niccaṃ maggaṃ visodheti, sotthānaṃ samparāyikaṃ.

常清净道,来世安稳。

‘‘Iccete aṭṭha dhammā ca, saddhassa gharamesino;

这八法,对于在家有信者,

Akkhātā saccanāmena, ubhayattha sukhāvahā.

被称为真实之名,两方面带来安乐。

‘‘Diṭṭhadhammahitatthāya, samparāyasukhāya ca;

为了现法利益,为了来世安乐,

Evametaṃ gahaṭṭhānaṃ, cāgo puññaṃ pavaḍḍhatī’’ti. catutthaṃ;

如是对于在家者,布施增长福德。第四经。

5. Ujjayasuttaṃ5. 伍迦亚经

§55

Atha kho ujjayo brāhmaṇo yena bhagavā tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā bhagavatā saddhiṃ sammodi. Sammodanīyaṃ kathaṃ sāraṇīyaṃ vītisāretvā ekamantaṃ nisīdi. Ekamantaṃ nisinno kho ujjayo brāhmaṇo bhagavantaṃ etadavoca – ‘‘mayaṃ, bho gotama, pavāsaṃ gantukāmā. Tesaṃ no bhavaṃ gotamo amhākaṃ tathā dhammaṃ desetu – ye amhākaṃ assu dhammā diṭṭhadhammahitāya, diṭṭhadhammasukhāya, samparāyahitāya, samparāyasukhāyā’’ti.

那时,伍迦亚婆罗门前往世尊所在之处;抵达后,与世尊互相问候。交换了友好、值得忆念的话语后,在一旁坐下。在一旁坐下的伍迦亚婆罗门对世尊如此说道——「果德玛尊者,我们想要去旅行。请果德玛尊者为我们说法——那些对我们现法有益、现法安乐、来世有益、来世安乐的法。」

‘‘Cattārome, brāhmaṇa, dhammā kulaputtassa diṭṭhadhammahitāya saṃvattanti, diṭṭhadhammasukhāya. Katame cattāro? Uṭṭhānasampadā , ārakkhasampadā, kalyāṇamittatā, samajīvitā. Katamā ca, brāhmaṇa, uṭṭhānasampadā? Idha, brāhmaṇa, kulaputto yena kammaṭṭhānena jīvikaṃ kappeti – yadi kasiyā, yadi vaṇijjāya, yadi gorakkhena, yadi issattena, yadi rājaporisena, yadi sippaññatarena – tattha dakkho hoti analaso, tatrupāyāya vīmaṃsāya samannāgato, alaṃ kātuṃ alaṃ saṃvidhātuṃ. Ayaṃ vuccati, brāhmaṇa, uṭṭhānasampadā.

「婆罗门,这四法导向善男子的现法利益、现法安乐。哪四种?精勤具足、守护具足、善友、平衡生活。婆罗门,什么是精勤具足?婆罗门,于此,善男子以某种工作谋生——或以耕作、或以贸易、或以养牛、或以弓术、或以王臣、或以某种技艺——他在那方面熟练、不懒惰,具足对方法的思量,能够作、能够安排。婆罗门,这称为精勤具足。

‘‘Katamā ca, brāhmaṇa, ārakkhasampadā? Idha, brāhmaṇa, kulaputtassa bhogā honti uṭṭhānavīriyādhigatā, bāhābalaparicitā, sedāvakkhittā, dhammikā dhammaladdhā. Te ārakkhena guttiyā sampādeti – ‘kinti me ime bhoge neva rājāno hareyyuṃ, na corā hareyyuṃ, na aggi ḍaheyya, na udakaṃ vaheyya, na appiyā dāyādā hareyyu’nti. Ayaṃ vuccati, brāhmaṇa, ārakkhasampadā.

「婆罗门,什么是守护具足?婆罗门,于此,善男子拥有财富,以精勤努力获得、以臂力积聚、以汗水挣得、如法的、如法获得的。他以守护、保护成就它们——『如何使我的这些财富,诸王不夺取、盗贼不夺取、火不烧、水不冲、不爱的继承者不夺取?』婆罗门,这称为守护具足。」

‘‘Katamā ca, brāhmaṇa, kalyāṇamittatā? Idha, brāhmaṇa, kulaputto yasmiṃ gāme vā nigame vā paṭivasati tatra ye te honti – gahapatī vā gahapatiputtā vā daharā vā vuddhasīlino, vuddhā vā vuddhasīlino, saddhāsampannā, sīlasampannā, cāgasampannā, paññāsampannā – tehi saddhiṃ santiṭṭhati sallapati sākacchaṃ samāpajjati; yathārūpānaṃ saddhāsampannānaṃ saddhāsampadaṃ anusikkhati, yathārūpānaṃ sīlasampannānaṃ sīlasampadaṃ anusikkhati, yathārūpānaṃ cāgasampannānaṃ cāgasampadaṃ anusikkhati, yathārūpānaṃ paññāsampannānaṃ paññāsampadaṃ anusikkhati. Ayaṃ vuccati, brāhmaṇa, kalyāṇamittatā.

「婆罗门!什么是善友谊?婆罗门!于此,良家子住在某村或某镇,在那里,凡是那些——家主或家主之子,年轻而具长老之戒,或年长而具长老之戒,具足信、达上、具足施、具足慧者——他与他们一起站立、交谈、进入讨论;他随学那些具足信者的信具足,他随学那些达上者的戒具足,他随学那些具足施者的施具足,他随学那些具足慧者的慧具足。婆罗门!这称为善友谊。」

‘‘Katamā ca, brāhmaṇa, samajīvitā? Idha, brāhmaṇa, kulaputto āyañca bhogānaṃ viditvā vayañca bhogānaṃ viditvā samaṃ jīvikaṃ kappeti nāccogāḷhaṃ nātihīnaṃ – ‘evaṃ me āyo vayaṃ pariyādāya ṭhassati, na ca me vayo āyaṃ pariyādāya ṭhassatī’ti. Seyyathāpi, brāhmaṇa, tulādhāro vā tulādhārantevāsī vā tulaṃ paggahetvā jānāti – ‘ettakena vā onataṃ, ettakena vā unnata’nti; evamevaṃ kho, brāhmaṇa, kulaputto āyañca bhogānaṃ viditvā vayañca bhogānaṃ viditvā samaṃ jīvikaṃ kappeti nāccogāḷhaṃ nātihīnaṃ – ‘evaṃ me āyo vayaṃ pariyādāya ṭhassati, na ca me vayo āyaṃ pariyādāya ṭhassatī’ti. Sacāyaṃ, brāhmaṇa, kulaputto appāyo samāno uḷāraṃ jīvikaṃ kappeti, tassa bhavanti vattāro – ‘udumbarakhādīvāyaṃ kulaputto bhoge khādatī’ti. Sace panāyaṃ, brāhmaṇa, kulaputto mahāyo samāno kasiraṃ jīvikaṃ kappeti, tassa bhavanti vattāro – ‘ajeṭṭhamaraṇaṃvāyaṃ kulaputto marissatī’ti. Yato ca khoyaṃ, brāhmaṇa, kulaputto āyañca bhogānaṃ viditvā vayañca bhogānaṃ viditvā samaṃ jīvikaṃ kappeti nāccogāḷhaṃ nātihīnaṃ – ‘evaṃ me āyo vayaṃ pariyādāya ṭhassati, na ca me vayo āyaṃ pariyādāya ṭhassatī’ti, ayaṃ vuccati, brāhmaṇa, samajīvitā.

「婆罗门!什么是平衡生活?婆罗门!于此,良家子知道财富的收入,知道财富的支出,他过平衡的生活,不太奢侈也不太吝啬——『如此,我的收入将超过支出而住立,我的支出将不会超过收入而住立』。婆罗门!譬如秤量者或秤量者的弟子,拿起秤后知道——『以此程度下沉,以此程度上升』;同样地,婆罗门!良家子知道财富的收入,知道财富的支出,他过平衡的生活,不太奢侈也不太吝啬——『如此,我的收入将超过支出而住立,我的支出将不会超过收入而住立』。婆罗门!若这位良家子收入少而过奢侈的生活,他们会说——『这位良家子像吃无花果树者那样吃财富』。婆罗门!但若这位良家子收入多而过吝啬的生活,他们会说——『这位良家子将死于非人之死』。婆罗门!但当这位良家子知道财富的收入,知道财富的支出,他过平衡的生活,不太奢侈也不太吝啬——『如此,我的收入将超过支出而住立,我的支出将不会超过收入而住立』,婆罗门!这称为平衡生活。」

‘‘Evaṃ samuppannānaṃ, brāhmaṇa, bhogānaṃ cattāri apāyamukhāni honti – itthidhutto, surādhutto, akkhadhutto, pāpamitto pāpasahāyo pāpasampavaṅko. Seyyathāpi, brāhmaṇa, mahato taḷākassa cattāri ceva āyamukhāni, cattāri ca apāyamukhāni. Tassa puriso yāni ceva āyamukhāni tāni pidaheyya, yāni ca apāyamukhāni tāni vivareyya; devo ca na sammā dhāraṃ anuppaveccheyya. Evañhi tassa brāhmaṇa , mahato taḷākassa parihāniyeva pāṭikaṅkhā, no vuddhi ; evamevaṃ kho, brāhmaṇa, evaṃ samuppannānaṃ bhogānaṃ cattāri apāyamukhāni honti – itthidhutto, surādhutto, akkhadhutto, pāpamitto pāpasahāyo pāpasampavaṅko.

「婆罗门!如此获得的财富有四个损失之门——沉溺于女人、沉溺于酒、沉溺于赌博、恶友、恶伴、恶同伴。婆罗门!譬如大池有四个入口和四个出口。若有人堵住那些入口,打开那些出口;天又不正确地降下雨水。婆罗门!如此,那个大池只能期待减损,不能增长;同样地,婆罗门!如此获得的财富有四个损失之门——沉溺于女人、沉溺于酒、沉溺于赌博、恶友、恶伴、恶同伴。」

‘‘Evaṃ samuppannānaṃ, brāhmaṇa, bhogānaṃ cattāri āyamukhāni honti – na itthidhutto, na surādhutto, na akkhadhutto, kalyāṇamitto kalyāṇasahāyo kalyāṇasampavaṅko. Seyyathāpi, brāhmaṇa, mahato taḷākassa cattāri ceva āyamukhāni cattāri ca apāyamukhāni. Tassa puriso yāni ceva āyamukhāni tāni vivareyya, yāni ca apāyamukhāni tāni pidaheyya; devo ca sammā dhāraṃ anuppaveccheyya. Evañhi tassa, brāhmaṇa, mahato taḷākassa vuddhiyeva pāṭikaṅkhā, no parihāni; evamevaṃ kho, brāhmaṇa, evaṃ samuppannānaṃ bhogānaṃ cattāri āyamukhāni honti – na itthidhutto…pe… kalyāṇasampavaṅko. Ime kho, brāhmaṇa, cattāro dhammā kulaputtassa diṭṭhadhammahitāya saṃvattanti diṭṭhadhammasukhāya.

「婆罗门!如此获得的财富有四个收入之门——不沉溺于女人、不沉溺于酒、不沉溺于赌博、善友、善伴、善同伴。婆罗门!譬如大池有四个入口和四个出口。若有人打开那些入口,堵住那些出口;天又正确地降下雨水。婆罗门!如此,那个大池只能期待增长,不能减损;同样地,婆罗门!如此获得的财富有四个收入之门——不沉溺于女人……乃至……善同伴。婆罗门!这四法导向良家子现法的利益,现法的安乐。」

‘‘Cattārome, brāhmaṇa, kulaputtassa dhammā samparāyahitāya saṃvattanti samparāyasukhāya. Katame cattāro? Saddhāsampadā, sīlasampadā, cāgasampadā, paññāsampadā. Katamā ca, brāhmaṇa, saddhāsampadā? Idha, brāhmaṇa, kulaputto saddho hoti, saddahati tathāgatassa bodhiṃ – ‘itipi so bhagavā…pe… satthā devamanussānaṃ buddho bhagavā’ti. Ayaṃ vuccati, brāhmaṇa, saddhāsampadā.

「婆罗门!有这四法导向良家子来世的利益,来世的安乐。哪四个?信具足、戒具足、施具足、慧具足。婆罗门!什么是信具足?婆罗门!于此,良家子有信,信如来的菩提——『如此,彼世尊……乃至……天人师、佛、世尊』。婆罗门!这称为信具足。」

‘‘Katamā ca, brāhmaṇa, sīlasampadā? Idha, brāhmaṇa, kulaputto pāṇātipātā paṭivirato hoti…pe… surāmerayamajjapamādaṭṭhānā paṭivirato hoti. Ayaṃ vuccati, brāhmaṇa, sīlasampadā.

「婆罗门!什么是戒具足?婆罗门!于此,良家子离杀生……乃至……离放逸之因的诸酒类。婆罗门!这称为戒具足。」

‘‘Katamā ca, brāhmaṇa, cāgasampadā? Idha , brāhmaṇa, kulaputto vigatamalamaccherena cetasā agāraṃ ajjhāvasati muttacāgo payatapāṇi vossaggarato yācayogo dānasaṃvibhāgarato. Ayaṃ vuccati, brāhmaṇa, cāgasampadā.

「婆罗门!什么是施具足?婆罗门!于此,良家子以离垢离悭吝之心住于家中,是舍手者、喜乐于舍弃者、乞求的对象者、喜乐于布施分享者。婆罗门!这称为施具足。」

‘‘Katamā ca, brāhmaṇa, paññāsampadā? Idha, brāhmaṇa, kulaputto paññavā hoti…pe… sammā dukkhakkhayagāminiyā. Ayaṃ vuccati, brāhmaṇa, paññāsampadā. Ime kho, brāhmaṇa, cattāro dhammā kulaputtassa samparāyahitāya saṃvattanti samparāyasukhāyā’’ti.

「婆罗门!什么是慧具足?婆罗门!于此,良家子有慧……乃至……正导至苦灭。婆罗门!这称为慧具足。婆罗门!这四法导向良家子来世的利益,来世的安乐。」

‘‘Uṭṭhātā kammadheyyesu, appamatto vidhānavā;

「于诸应作业中勤奋，不放逸而善安排；

Samaṃ kappeti jīvikaṃ, sambhataṃ anurakkhati.

平等地安排生计，守护所积聚之物。

‘‘Saddho sīlena sampanno, vadaññū vītamaccharo;

「具信、达上，慷慨、离悭吝；

Niccaṃ maggaṃ visodheti, sotthānaṃ samparāyikaṃ.

常清净道路，通往来世的安稳处。

‘‘Iccete aṭṭha dhammā ca, saddhassa gharamesino;

「如是这八法，对于有信的在家求者，

Akkhātā saccanāmena, ubhayattha sukhāvahā.

已被宣说为真实之名，于两处带来安乐。

‘‘Diṭṭhadhammahitatthāya, samparāyasukhāya ca;

「为了现法的利益，以及为了来世的安乐；

Evametaṃ gahaṭṭhānaṃ, cāgo puññaṃ pavaḍḍhatī’’ti. pañcamaṃ;

如是对于诸居家者，布施增长福德。」第五经

6. Bhayasuttaṃ6. 怖畏经

§56

‘‘‘Bhaya’nti , bhikkhave, kāmānametaṃ adhivacanaṃ. ‘Dukkha’nti, bhikkhave, kāmānametaṃ adhivacanaṃ. ‘Rogo’ti, bhikkhave, kāmānametaṃ adhivacanaṃ. ‘Gaṇḍo’ti, bhikkhave, kāmānametaṃ adhivacanaṃ. ‘Salla’nti, bhikkhave, kāmānametaṃ adhivacanaṃ. ‘Saṅgo’ti, bhikkhave, kāmānametaṃ adhivacanaṃ. ‘Paṅko’ti, bhikkhave, kāmānametaṃ adhivacanaṃ . ‘Gabbho’ti, bhikkhave, kāmānametaṃ adhivacanaṃ. Kasmā ca, bhikkhave, ‘bhaya’nti kāmānametaṃ adhivacanaṃ? Yasmā ca kāmarāgarattāyaṃ, bhikkhave, chandarāgavinibaddho diṭṭhadhammikāpi bhayā na parimuccati, samparāyikāpi bhayā na parimuccati, tasmā ‘bhaya’nti kāmānametaṃ adhivacanaṃ. Kasmā ca, bhikkhave, ‘dukkha’nti…pe… ‘rogo’ti… ‘gaṇḍo’ti… ‘salla’nti… ‘saṅgo’ti… ‘paṅko’ti… ‘gabbho’ti kāmānametaṃ adhivacanaṃ? Yasmā ca kāmarāgarattāyaṃ, bhikkhave, chandarāgavinibaddho diṭṭhadhammikāpi gabbhā na parimuccati, samparāyikāpi gabbhā na parimuccati, tasmā ‘gabbho’ti kāmānametaṃ adhivacanaṃ’’.

「诸比库,『怖畏』,这是诸欲的同义语。诸比库,『苦』,这是诸欲的同义语。诸比库,『病』,这是诸欲的同义语。诸比库,『痈』,这是诸欲的同义语。诸比库,『箭』,这是诸欲的同义语。诸比库,『系缚』,这是诸欲的同义语。诸比库,『泥沼』,这是诸欲的同义语。诸比库,『胎』,这是诸欲的同义语。诸比库,为何『怖畏』是诸欲的同义语?诸比库,因为染着于欲贪者,被欲贪所系缚者,不能从现法的怖畏解脱,也不能从来世的怖畏解脱,因此『怖畏』是诸欲的同义语。诸比库,为何『苦』……『病』……『痈』……『箭』……『系缚』……『泥沼』……『胎』是诸欲的同义语?诸比库,因为染着于欲贪者,被欲贪所系缚者,不能从现法的胎解脱,也不能从来世的胎解脱,因此『胎』是诸欲的同义语。」

‘‘Bhayaṃ dukkhañca rogo ca, gaṇḍo sallañca saṅgo ca;

「怖畏、苦与病,痈、箭与系缚,

Paṅko gabbho ca ubhayaṃ, ete kāmā pavuccanti;

泥沼与胎两者,这些被称为诸欲;

Yattha satto puthujjano.

凡夫执着于此处。

‘‘Otiṇṇo sātarūpena, puna gabbhāya gacchati;

沉溺于可意色,再次趣向胎;

Yato ca bhikkhu ātāpī, sampajaññaṃ na riccati.

然而热诚的比库,不舍弃正知。

‘‘So imaṃ palipathaṃ duggaṃ, atikkamma tathāvidho;

如是者超越,这险恶的歧途;

Pajaṃ jātijarūpetaṃ, phandamānaṃ avekkhatī’’ti. chaṭṭhaṃ;

观察众生,具生老之相,正在挣扎。」第六经

7. Paṭhamaāhuneyyasuttaṃ7. 第一应供养经

§57

‘‘Aṭṭhahi, bhikkhave, dhammehi samannāgato bhikkhu āhuneyyo hoti pāhuneyyo dakkhiṇeyyo añjalikaraṇīyo anuttaraṃ puññakkhettaṃ lokassa. Katamehi aṭṭhahi? Idha, bhikkhave, bhikkhu sīlavā hoti …pe… samādāya sikkhati sikkhāpadesu; bahussuto hoti…pe… diṭṭhiyā suppaṭividdhā; kalyāṇamitto hoti kalyāṇasahāyo kalyāṇasampavaṅko ; sammādiṭṭhiko hoti, sammādassanena samannāgato; catunnaṃ jhānānaṃ ābhicetasikānaṃ diṭṭhadhammasukhavihārānaṃ nikāmalābhī hoti akicchalābhī akasiralābhī; anekavihitaṃ pubbenivāsaṃ anussarati, seyyathidaṃ – ekampi jātiṃ dvepi jātiyo…pe… iti sākāraṃ sauddesaṃ anekavihitaṃ pubbenivāsaṃ anussarati; dibbena cakkhunā visuddhena atikkantamānusakena…pe… yathākammūpage satte pajānāti; āsavānaṃ khayā…pe… sacchikatvā upasampajja viharati. Imehi kho, bhikkhave, aṭṭhahi dhammehi samannāgato bhikkhu āhuneyyo hoti…pe… anuttaraṃ puññakkhettaṃ lokassā’’ti. Sattamaṃ.

「诸比库!具足八法的比库,值得供养、值得供奉、值得布施、值得合掌,是世间的无上福田。哪八种?诸比库!在此,比库具戒……(中略)……受持学习于诸学处;多闻……(中略)……以见善通达;是善友、善伴侣、善同伴;具足正见,具足正确的见解;随意获得四禅那,增上心,现法乐住,无困难地获得,无艰难地获得;忆念种种宿住,即:一生、二生……(中略)……如此有行相、有细节地忆念种种宿住;以清净、超越人的天眼……(中略)……了知众生随业流转;以诸漏尽……(中略)……作证后具足而住。诸比库!具足此八法的比库,值得供养……(中略)……是世间的无上福田。」第七经

8. Dutiyaāhuneyyasuttaṃ8. 第二应供养经

§58

‘‘Aṭṭhahi, bhikkhave, dhammehi samannāgato bhikkhu āhuneyyo hoti…pe… anuttaraṃ puññakkhettaṃ lokassa. Katamehi aṭṭhahi? Idha, bhikkhave, bhikkhu sīlavā hoti …pe… samādāya sikkhati sikkhāpadesu; bahussuto hoti…pe… diṭṭhiyā suppaṭividdhā; āraddhavīriyo viharati thāmavā daḷhaparakkamo anikkhittadhuro kusalesu dhammesu; āraññiko hoti pantasenāsano; aratiratisaho hoti, uppannaṃ aratiṃ abhibhuyya abhibhuyya viharati; bhayabheravasaho hoti, uppannaṃ bhayabheravaṃ abhibhuyya abhibhuyya viharati ; catunnaṃ jhānānaṃ ābhicetasikānaṃ diṭṭhadhammasukhavihārānaṃ nikāmalābhī hoti akicchalābhī akasiralābhī; āsavānaṃ khayā…pe… sacchikatvā upasampajja viharati. Imehi kho, bhikkhave, aṭṭhahi dhammehi samannāgato bhikkhu āhuneyyo…pe… anuttaraṃ puññakkhettaṃ lokassā’’ti. Aṭṭhamaṃ.

「诸比库!具足八法的比库,值得供养……(中略)……是世间的无上福田。哪八种?诸比库!在此,比库具戒……(中略)……受持学习于诸学处;多闻……(中略)……以见善通达;住于精进,有力,坚固精勤,于诸善法不舍重担;是林野住者,远离卧坐处者;能克服不乐,克服克服已生起的不乐而住;能克服恐怖畏惧,克服克服已生起的恐怖畏惧而住;随意获得四禅那,增上心,现法乐住,无困难地获得,无艰难地获得;以诸漏尽……(中略)……作证后具足而住。诸比库!具足此八法的比库,值得供养……(中略)……是世间的无上福田。」第八经

9. Paṭhamapuggalasuttaṃ9. 第一补特伽罗经

§59

‘‘Aṭṭhime bhikkhave, puggalā āhuneyyā pāhuneyyā dakkhiṇeyyā añjalikaraṇīyā anuttaraṃ puññakkhettaṃ lokassa? Katame aṭṭha? Sotāpanno, sotāpattiphalasacchikiriyāya paṭipanno, sakadāgāmī, sakadāgāmiphalasacchikiriyāya paṭipanno, anāgāmī, anāgāmiphalasacchikiriyāya paṭipanno, arahā, arahattāya paṭipanno. Ime kho, bhikkhave, aṭṭha puggalā āhuneyyā…pe… anuttaraṃ puññakkhettaṃ lokassā’’ti.

「诸比库!此八种补特伽罗,值得供养、值得供奉、值得布施、值得合掌,是世间的无上福田。哪八种?入流者、为作证入流果而行道者,一来者、为作证一来果而行道者,不来者、为作证不来果而行道者,阿拉汉、为阿拉汉而行道者。诸比库!此八种补特伽罗,值得供养……(中略)……是世间的无上福田。」

‘‘Cattāro ca paṭipannā, cattāro ca phale ṭhitā;

「四种行道者,四种住于果者;

Esa saṅgho ujubhūto, paññāsīlasamāhito.

此僧团正直,具足慧、戒、定。

‘‘Yajamānānaṃ manussānaṃ, puññapekkhāna pāṇinaṃ;

对于祭祀的人们,期望福德的有情,

Karotaṃ opadhikaṃ puññaṃ, saṅghe dinnaṃ mahapphala’’nti. navamaṃ;

造作有依的福德,施于僧团有大果。」第九经

10. Dutiyapuggalasuttaṃ10. 第二补特伽罗经

§60

‘‘Aṭṭhime, bhikkhave, puggalā āhuneyyā…pe… anuttaraṃ puññakkhettaṃ lokassa. Katame aṭṭha? Sotāpanno , sotāpattiphalasacchikiriyāya paṭipanno…pe… arahā, arahattāya paṭipanno. Ime kho, bhikkhave, aṭṭha puggalā āhuneyyā…pe… anuttaraṃ puññakkhettaṃ lokassā’’ti.

「诸比库!此八种补特伽罗,值得供养……(中略)……是世间的无上福田。哪八种?入流者、为作证入流果而行道者……(中略)……阿拉汉、为阿拉汉而行道者。诸比库!此八种补特伽罗,值得供养……(中略)……是世间的无上福田。」

‘‘Cattāro ca paṭipannā, cattāro ca phale ṭhitā;

「四向与四果，

Esa saṅgho samukkaṭṭho, sattānaṃ aṭṭha puggalā.

此僧伽最胜，七有情八补特伽罗。

‘‘Yajamānānaṃ manussānaṃ, puññapekkhāna pāṇinaṃ;

「对于布施的人们，期望功德的有情，

Karotaṃ opadhikaṃ puññaṃ, ettha dinnaṃ mahapphala’’nti. dasamaṃ;

作有依的功德，于此所施大果报。」第十经

Gotamīvaggo paṭhamo. · 果德弥品第一

Tassuddānaṃ –

其摄颂——

Gotamī ovādaṃ saṃkhittaṃ, dīghajāṇu ca ujjayo;

果德弥、教诫、总说，长膝与郁伽；

Bhayā dve āhuneyyā ca, dve ca aṭṭha puggalāti.

怖畏二、应请二，以及八补特伽罗。