5. Uposathavaggo5. 伍波萨他品
5. Uposathavaggo5. 伍波萨他品
1. Saṅkhittūposathasuttaṃ1. 略说伍波萨他经
§41
Evaṃ me sutaṃ – ekaṃ samayaṃ bhagavā sāvatthiyaṃ viharati jetavane anāthapiṇḍikassa ārāme. Tatra kho bhagavā bhikkhū āmantesi – ‘‘bhikkhavo’’ti. ‘‘Bhadante’’ti te bhikkhū bhagavato paccassosuṃ. Bhagavā etadavoca –
如是我闻——一时,世尊住在沙瓦提城揭德林给孤独园。于此,世尊称呼诸比库:「诸比库。」「尊者。」彼诸比库回答世尊。世尊说此:
‘‘Aṭṭhaṅgasamannāgato, bhikkhave, uposatho upavuttho mahapphalo hoti mahānisaṃso mahājutiko mahāvipphāro. Kathaṃ upavuttho ca, bhikkhave, aṭṭhaṅgasamannāgato uposatho mahapphalo hoti mahānisaṃso mahājutiko mahāvipphāro? Idha , bhikkhave, ariyasāvako iti paṭisañcikkhati – ‘yāvajīvaṃ arahanto pāṇātipātaṃ pahāya pāṇātipātā paṭiviratā nihitadaṇḍā nihitasatthā lajjī dayāpannā, sabbapāṇabhūtahitānukampino viharanti. Ahaṃ pajja imañca rattiṃ imañca divasaṃ pāṇātipātaṃ pahāya pāṇātipātā paṭivirato nihitadaṇḍo nihitasattho lajjī dayāpanno, sabbapāṇabhūtahitānukampī viharāmi. Imināpaṅgena arahataṃ anukaromi, uposatho ca me upavuttho bhavissatī’ti. Iminā paṭhamena aṅgena samannāgato hoti.
「诸比库,具足八支的伍波萨他,受持时有大果报、大利益、大光辉、大遍满。诸比库,如何受持具足八支的伍波萨他有大果报、大利益、大光辉、大遍满?诸比库,于此,圣弟子如此省察:『诸阿拉汉尽形寿舍断杀生,离杀生,已放下棍棒,已放下刀剑,有惭,有悲悯,对一切有情生类怀有利益与悲悯而住。我今日此夜此日舍断杀生,离杀生,已放下棍棒,已放下刀剑,有惭,有悲悯,对一切有情生类怀有利益与悲悯而住。以此支我随学诸阿拉汉,我的伍波萨他将被受持。』他具足此第一支。
‘‘‘Yāvajīvaṃ arahanto adinnādānaṃ pahāya adinnādānā paṭiviratā dinnādāyī dinnapāṭikaṅkhī, athenena sucibhūtena attanā viharanti. Ahaṃ pajja imañca rattiṃ imañca divasaṃ adinnādānaṃ pahāya adinnādānā paṭivirato dinnādāyī dinnapāṭikaṅkhī, athenena sucibhūtena attanā viharāmi. Imināpaṅgena arahataṃ anukaromi, uposatho ca me upavuttho bhavissatī’ti. Iminā dutiyena aṅgena samannāgato hoti.
『诸阿拉汉尽形寿舍断不与取,离不与取,取所与,期待所与,以不盗取、清净的自己而住。我今日此夜此日舍断不与取,离不与取,取所与,期待所与,以不盗取、清净的自己而住。以此支我随学诸阿拉汉,我的伍波萨他将被受持。』他具足此第二支。
‘‘‘Yāvajīvaṃ arahanto abrahmacariyaṃ pahāya brahmacārino ārācārino viratā methunā gāmadhammā. Ahaṃ pajja imañca rattiṃ imañca divasaṃ abrahmacariyaṃ pahāya brahmacārī ārācārī virato methunā gāmadhammā. Imināpaṅgena arahataṃ anukaromi, uposatho ca me upavuttho bhavissatī’ti. Iminā tatiyena aṅgena samannāgato hoti.
『诸阿拉汉尽形寿舍断非梵行,行梵行,行远离行,离淫欲俗法。我今日此夜此日舍断非梵行,行梵行,行远离行,离淫欲俗法。以此支我随学诸阿拉汉,我的伍波萨他将被受持。』他具足此第三支。
‘‘‘Yāvajīvaṃ arahanto musāvādaṃ pahāya musāvādā paṭiviratā saccavādino saccasandhā thetā paccayikā avisaṃvādako lokassa. Ahaṃ pajja imañca rattiṃ imañca divasaṃ musāvādaṃ pahāya musāvādā paṭivirato saccavādī saccasandho theto paccayiko avisaṃvādako lokassa. Imināpaṅgena arahataṃ anukaromi, uposatho ca me upavuttho bhavissatī’ti. Iminā catutthena aṅgena samannāgato hoti.
『诸阿拉汉尽形寿舍断妄语,离妄语,说真实语,与真实结合,坚固,可信赖,对世间不欺诳。我今日此夜此日舍断妄语,离妄语,说真实语,与真实结合,坚固,可信赖,对世间不欺诳。以此支我随学诸阿拉汉,我的伍波萨他将被受持。』他具足此第四支。
‘‘‘Yāvajīvaṃ arahanto surāmerayamajjapamādaṭṭhānaṃ pahāya surāmerayamajjapamādaṭṭhānā paṭiviratā. Ahaṃ pajja imañca rattiṃ imañca divasaṃ surāmerayamajjapamādaṭṭhānaṃ pahāya surāmerayamajjapamādaṭṭhānā paṭivirato. Imināpaṅgena arahataṃ anukaromi, uposatho ca me upavuttho bhavissatī’ti. Iminā pañcamena aṅgena samannāgato hoti.
『诸阿拉汉尽形寿舍断放逸之因的诸酒类,离放逸之因的诸酒类。我今日此夜此日舍断放逸之因的诸酒类,离放逸之因的诸酒类。以此支我随学诸阿拉汉,我的伍波萨他将被受持。』他具足此第五支。
‘‘‘Yāvajīvaṃ arahanto ekabhattikā rattūparatā viratā vikālabhojanā. Ahaṃ pajja imañca rattiṃ imañca divasaṃ ekabhattiko rattūparato virato vikālabhojanā. Imināpaṅgena arahataṃ anukaromi, uposatho ca me upavuttho bhavissatī’ti. Iminā chaṭṭhena aṅgena samannāgato hoti.
『诸阿拉汉尽形寿一日一食,夜间停止,离非时食。我今日此夜此日一日一食,夜间停止,离非时食。以此支我随学诸阿拉汉,我的伍波萨他将被受持。』他具足此第六支。
‘‘‘Yāvajīvaṃ arahanto naccagītavāditavisūkadassanamālāgandhavilepanadhāraṇamaṇḍanavibhūsanaṭṭhānaṃ pahāya naccagītavāditavisūkadassanamālāgandhavilepanadhāraṇamaṇḍanavibhūsanaṭṭhānā paṭiviratā. Ahaṃ pajja imañca rattiṃ imañca divasaṃ naccagītavāditavisūkadassanamālāgandhavilepanadhāraṇamaṇḍanavibhūsanaṭṭhānaṃ pahāya naccagītavāditavisūkadassanamālāgandhavilepanadhāraṇamaṇḍanavibhūsanaṭṭhānā paṭivirato. Imināpaṅgena arahataṃ anukaromi, uposatho ca me upavuttho bhavissatī’ti. Iminā sattamena aṅgena samannāgato hoti.
『诸阿拉汉尽形寿舍断歌舞音乐演艺观赏、花鬘香料涂香持执装饰庄严之因,离歌舞音乐演艺观赏、花鬘香料涂香持执装饰庄严之因。我今日此夜此日舍断歌舞音乐演艺观赏、花鬘香料涂香持执装饰庄严之因,离歌舞音乐演艺观赏、花鬘香料涂香持执装饰庄严之因。以此支我随学诸阿拉汉,我的伍波萨他将被受持。』他具足此第七支。
‘‘‘Yāvajīvaṃ arahanto uccāsayanamahāsayanaṃ pahāya uccāsayanamahāsayanā paṭiviratā nīcaseyyaṃ kappenti – mañcake vā tiṇasanthārake vā. Ahaṃ pajja imañca rattiṃ imañca divasaṃ uccāsayanamahāsayanaṃ pahāya uccāsayanamahāsayanā paṭivirato nīcaseyyaṃ kappemi – mañcake vā tiṇasanthārake vā. Imināpaṅgena arahataṃ anukaromi , uposatho ca me upavuttho bhavissatī’ti. Iminā aṭṭhamena aṅgena samannāgato hoti . Evaṃ upavuttho kho, bhikkhave, aṭṭhaṅgasamannāgato uposatho mahapphalo hoti mahānisaṃso mahājutiko mahāvipphāro’’ti. Paṭhamaṃ.
「诸阿拉汉尽其一生舍断高床大床,离高床大床,安排低卧具——小床或草敷具。我今日此夜此日舍断高床大床,离高床大床,安排低卧具——小床或草敷具。以此支分我随学诸阿拉汉,我的伍波萨他将被受持。」他具备此第八支分。诸比库!如此受持的具足八支的伍波萨他有大果、有大利益、有大光辉、有大遍满。」第一经。
2. Vitthatūposathasuttaṃ2. 广说伍波萨他经
§42
‘‘Aṭṭhaṅgasamannāgato , bhikkhave, uposatho upavuttho mahapphalo hoti mahānisaṃso mahājutiko mahāvipphāro. Kathaṃ upavuttho ca, bhikkhave, aṭṭhaṅgasamannāgato uposatho mahapphalo hoti mahānisaṃso mahājutiko mahāvipphāro? Idha, bhikkhave, ariyasāvako iti paṭisañcikkhati – ‘yāvajīvaṃ arahanto pāṇātipātaṃ pahāya pāṇātipātā paṭiviratā nihitadaṇḍā nihitasatthā lajjī dayāpannā, sabbapāṇabhūtahitānukampino viharanti. Ahaṃ pajja imañca rattiṃ imañca divasaṃ pāṇātipātaṃ pahāya pāṇātipātā paṭivirato nihitadaṇḍo nihitasattho lajjī dayāpanno, sabbapāṇabhūtahitānukampī viharāmi. Imināpaṅgena arahataṃ anukaromi, uposatho ca me upavuttho bhavissatī’ti. Iminā paṭhamena aṅgena samannāgato hoti…pe….
「诸比库!具足八支的伍波萨他被受持时,有大果、有大利益、有大光辉、有大遍满。诸比库!如何受持的具足八支的伍波萨他有大果、有大利益、有大光辉、有大遍满?诸比库!于此,圣弟子如此省察:『诸阿拉汉尽其一生舍断杀生,离杀生,已放下棍棒、已放下刀剑,有惭、有悲愍,怜悯一切有情众生而住。我今日此夜此日舍断杀生,离杀生,已放下棍棒、已放下刀剑,有惭、有悲愍,怜悯一切有情众生而住。以此支分我随学诸阿拉汉,我的伍波萨他将被受持。』他具备此第一支分……
‘‘‘Yāvajīvaṃ arahanto uccāsayanamahāsayanaṃ pahāya uccāsayanamahāsayanā paṭiviratā nīcaseyyaṃ kappenti – mañcake vā tiṇasanthārake vā. Ahaṃ pajja imañca rattiṃ imañca divasaṃ uccāsayanamahāsayanaṃ pahāya uccāsayanamahāsayanā paṭivirato nīcaseyyaṃ kappemi – mañcake vā tiṇasanthārake vā. Imināpaṅgena arahataṃ anukaromi, uposatho ca me upavuttho bhavissatī’ti. Iminā aṭṭhamena aṅgena samannāgato hoti. Evaṃ upavuttho kho, bhikkhave, aṭṭhaṅgasamannāgato uposatho mahapphalo hoti mahānisaṃso mahājutiko mahāvipphāro .
「诸阿拉汉尽其一生舍断高床大床,离高床大床,安排低卧具——小床或草敷具。我今日此夜此日舍断高床大床,离高床大床,安排低卧具——小床或草敷具。以此支分我随学诸阿拉汉,我的伍波萨他将被受持。」他具备此第八支分。诸比库!如此受持的具足八支的伍波萨他有大果、有大利益、有大光辉、有大遍满。
‘‘Kīvamahapphalo hoti kīvamahānisaṃso kīvamahājutiko kīvamahāvipphāro? Seyyathāpi, bhikkhave, yo imesaṃ soḷasannaṃ mahājanapadānaṃ pahūtarattaratanānaṃ issariyādhipaccaṃ rajjaṃ kāreyya, seyyathidaṃ – aṅgānaṃ magadhānaṃ kāsīnaṃ kosalānaṃ vajjīnaṃ mallānaṃ cetīnaṃ vaṅgānaṃ kurūnaṃ pañcālānaṃ macchānaṃ sūrasenānaṃ assakānaṃ avantīnaṃ gandhārānaṃ kambojānaṃ, aṭṭhaṅgasamannāgatassa uposathassa etaṃ kalaṃ nāgghati soḷasiṃ. Taṃ kissa hetu? Kapaṇaṃ, bhikkhave, mānusakaṃ rajjaṃ dibbaṃ sukhaṃ upanidhāya.
「有多大果?有多大利益?有多大光辉?有多大遍满?诸比库!譬如若有人统治这十六大国——充满众多珠宝财富的主权王国,即:鸯伽人、马嘎达人、咖西人、国萨拉人、跋耆人、马喇人、支提人、旺伽人、库汝人、般遮罗人、马卡人、苏拉些那人、阿萨咖人、阿宛堤人、甘达拉人、甘玻迦人,这不及具足八支的伍波萨他的十六分之一。那是什么原因?诸比库!人间的王国比起天界的快乐是卑劣的。
‘‘Yāni, bhikkhave, mānusakāni paññāsa vassāni, cātumahārājikānaṃ devānaṃ eso eko rattindivo . Tāya rattiyā tiṃsarattiyo māso. Tena māsena dvādasamāsiyo saṃvaccharo. Tena saṃvaccharena dibbāni pañca vassasatāni cātumahārājikānaṃ devānaṃ āyuppamāṇaṃ. Ṭhānaṃ kho panetaṃ, bhikkhave, vijjati yaṃ idhekacco itthī vā puriso vā aṭṭhaṅgasamannāgataṃ uposathaṃ upavasitvā kāyassa bhedā paraṃ maraṇā cātumahārājikānaṃ devānaṃ sahabyataṃ upapajjeyya. Idaṃ kho panetaṃ, bhikkhave, sandhāya bhāsitaṃ – ‘kapaṇaṃ mānusakaṃ rajjaṃ dibbaṃ sukhaṃ upanidhāya’’’.
「诸比库!人间的五十年是四大王天诸天人的一日一夜。以那夜三十夜为一月。以那月十二月为一年。以那年天界的五百年是四大王天诸天人的寿量。诸比库!确实有此处,即此处某位女人或男人受持具足八支的伍波萨他后,身坏命终后可能投生到四大王天诸天人的同伴中。诸比库!正是缘于此而说:『人间的王国比起天界的快乐是卑劣的。』」
‘‘Yāni, bhikkhave, mānusakāni vassasatāni, tāvatiṃsānaṃ devānaṃ eso eko rattindivo. Tāya rattiyā tiṃsarattiyo māso. Tena māsena dvādasamāsiyo saṃvaccharo. Tena saṃvaccharena dibbaṃ vassasahassaṃ tāvatiṃsānaṃ devānaṃ āyuppamāṇaṃ. Ṭhānaṃ kho panetaṃ, bhikkhave, vijjati yaṃ idhekacco itthī vā puriso vā aṭṭhaṅgasamannāgataṃ uposathaṃ upavasitvā kāyassa bhedā paraṃ maraṇā tāvatiṃsānaṃ devānaṃ sahabyataṃ upapajjeyya. Idaṃ kho panetaṃ, bhikkhave, sandhāya bhāsitaṃ – ‘kapaṇaṃ mānusakaṃ rajjaṃ dibbaṃ sukhaṃ upanidhāya’’’.
「诸比库!人间的一百年是三十三天诸天人的一日一夜。以那夜三十夜为一月。以那月十二月为一年。以那年天界的一千年是三十三天诸天人的寿量。诸比库!确实有此处,即此处某位女人或男人受持具足八支的伍波萨他后,身坏命终后可能投生到三十三天诸天人的同伴中。诸比库!正是缘于此而说:『人间的王国比起天界的快乐是卑劣的。』」
‘‘Yāni, bhikkhave, mānusakāni dve vassasatāni, yāmānaṃ devānaṃ eso eko rattindivo. Tāya rattiyā tiṃsarattiyo māso. Tena māsena dvādasamāsiyo saṃvaccharo. Tena saṃvaccharena dibbāni dve vassasahassāni yāmānaṃ devānaṃ āyuppamāṇaṃ. Ṭhānaṃ kho panetaṃ, bhikkhave, vijjati yaṃ idhekacco itthī vā puriso vā aṭṭhaṅgasamannāgataṃ uposathaṃ upavasitvā kāyassa bhedā paraṃ maraṇā yāmānaṃ devānaṃ sahabyataṃ upapajjeyya. Idaṃ kho panetaṃ, bhikkhave, sandhāya bhāsitaṃ – ‘kapaṇaṃ mānusakaṃ rajjaṃ dibbaṃ sukhaṃ upanidhāya’’’.
「诸比库!人间的二百年是夜摩天诸天人的一日一夜。以那夜三十夜为一月。以那月十二月为一年。以那年天界的二千年是夜摩天诸天人的寿量。诸比库!确实有此处,即此处某位女人或男人受持具足八支的伍波萨他后,身坏命终后可能投生到夜摩天诸天人的同伴中。诸比库!正是缘于此而说:『人间的王国比起天界的快乐是卑劣的。』」
‘‘Yāni, bhikkhave, mānusakāni cattāri vassasatāni, tusitānaṃ devānaṃ eso eko rattindivo. Tāya rattiyā tiṃsarattiyo māso. Tena māsena dvādasamāsiyo saṃvaccharo. Tena saṃvaccharena dibbāni cattāri vassasahassāni tusitānaṃ devānaṃ āyuppamāṇaṃ. Ṭhānaṃ kho panetaṃ, bhikkhave, vijjati yaṃ idhekacco itthī vā puriso vā aṭṭhaṅgasamannāgataṃ uposathaṃ upavasitvā kāyassa bhedā paraṃ maraṇā tusitānaṃ devānaṃ sahabyataṃ upapajjeyya. Idaṃ kho panetaṃ, bhikkhave, sandhāya bhāsitaṃ – ‘kapaṇaṃ mānusakaṃ rajjaṃ dibbaṃ sukhaṃ upanidhāya’’’.
「诸比库!人间的四百年是兜率天诸天人的一日一夜。以那夜三十夜为一月。以那月十二月为一年。以那年天界的四千年是兜率天诸天人的寿量。诸比库!确实有此处,即此处某位女人或男人受持具足八支的伍波萨他后,身坏命终后可能投生到兜率天诸天人的同伴中。诸比库!正是缘于此而说:『人间的王国比起天界的快乐是卑劣的。』」
‘‘Yāni, bhikkhave, mānusakāni aṭṭha vassasatāni, nimmānaratīnaṃ devānaṃ eso eko rattindivo. Tāya rattiyā tiṃsarattiyo māso. Tena māsena dvādasamāsiyo saṃvaccharo. Tena saṃvaccharena dibbāni aṭṭha vassasahassāni nimmānaratīnaṃ devānaṃ āyuppamāṇaṃ. Ṭhānaṃ kho panetaṃ, bhikkhave, vijjati yaṃ idhekacco itthī vā puriso vā aṭṭhaṅgasamannāgataṃ uposathaṃ upavasitvā kāyassa bhedā paraṃ maraṇā nimmānaratīnaṃ devānaṃ sahabyataṃ upapajjeyya. Idaṃ kho panetaṃ, bhikkhave, sandhāya bhāsitaṃ – ‘kapaṇaṃ mānusakaṃ rajjaṃ dibbaṃ sukhaṃ upanidhāya’’’.
「诸比库!人间的八百年,是化乐天的一昼夜。以那一夜三十夜为一月。以那一月十二月为一年。以那一年,天的八千年是化乐天的寿量。诸比库!这是可能的:这里某位女人或男人,受持具足八支的伍波萨他,身坏命终后,可能往生于化乐天的同伴中。诸比库!正是依此而说:『人间的王权是贫乏的,比起天的快乐。』」
‘‘Yāni, bhikkhave, mānusakāni soḷasa vassasatāni, paranimmitavasavattīnaṃ devānaṃ eso eko rattindivo. Tāya rattiyā tiṃsarattiyo māso. Tena māsena dvādasamāsiyo saṃvaccharo. Tena saṃvaccharena dibbāni soḷasa vassasahassāni paranimmitavasavattīnaṃ devānaṃ āyuppamāṇaṃ. Ṭhānaṃ kho panetaṃ, bhikkhave, vijjati yaṃ idhekacco itthī vā puriso vā aṭṭhaṅgasamannāgataṃ uposathaṃ upavasitvā kāyassa bhedā paraṃ maraṇā paranimmitavasavattīnaṃ devānaṃ sahabyataṃ upapajjeyya. Idaṃ kho panetaṃ, bhikkhave, sandhāya bhāsitaṃ – ‘kapaṇaṃ mānusakaṃ rajjaṃ dibbaṃ sukhaṃ upanidhāyā’’’ti.
「诸比库!人间的一千六百年,是他化自在天的一昼夜。以那一夜三十夜为一月。以那一月十二月为一年。以那一年,天的一万六千年是他化自在天的寿量。诸比库!这是可能的:这里某位女人或男人,受持具足八支的伍波萨他,身坏命终后,可能往生于他化自在天的同伴中。诸比库!正是依此而说:『人间的王权是贫乏的,比起天的快乐。』」
‘‘Pāṇaṃ na haññe na cadinnamādiye,
「不应杀害生命,不应取不与之物,
Musā na bhāse na ca majjapo siyā;
不应说妄语,不应成为饮酒者;
Abrahmacariyā virameyya methunā,
应离非梵行的交媾,
Rattiṃ na bhuñjeyya vikālabhojanaṃ.
夜晚不应食用非时食。
‘‘Mālaṃ na dhāre na ca gandhamācare ,
「不应持花鬘,不应行用香,
Mañce chamāyaṃ va sayetha santhate;
应睡于铺设在地上或床上。
Etañhi aṭṭhaṅgikamāhuposathaṃ,
这被称为八支伍波萨他，
Buddhena dukkhantagunā pakāsitaṃ.
由佛陀宣说，具有苦尽的功德。
‘‘Cando ca suriyo ca ubho sudassanā,
「月亮和太阳，两者都善现，
Obhāsayaṃ anupariyanti yāvatā;
照耀着，遍行到哪里；
Tamonudā te pana antalikkhagā,
它们驱除黑暗，行于虚空，
Nabhe pabhāsanti disāvirocanā.
在天空中发光，照亮诸方。
‘‘Etasmiṃ yaṃ vijjati antare dhanaṃ,
「在这之间，凡有的财富，
Muttā maṇi veḷuriyañca bhaddakaṃ;
珍珠、宝石、琉璃和吉祥物；
Siṅgīsuvaṇṇaṃ atha vāpi kañcanaṃ,
辛义金或者黄金,
Yaṃ jātarūpaṃ haṭakanti vuccati.
凡是被称为生金、哈答咖的。
‘‘Aṭṭhaṅgupetassa uposathassa,
「具足八支的伍波萨他,
Kalampi te nānubhavanti soḷasiṃ;
它们连十六分之一也比不上;
Candappabhā tāragaṇā ca sabbe.
月光和一切星群也是如此。
‘‘Tasmā hi nārī ca naro ca sīlavā,
「因此,具戒的女人和男人,
Aṭṭhaṅgupetaṃ upavassuposathaṃ;
应守持具足八支的伍波萨他,
Puññāni katvāna sukhudrayāni,
造作诸福德,导向安乐,
Aninditā saggamupenti ṭhāna’’nti. dutiyaṃ;
无可指责者前往天界之处。」第二经。
3. Visākhāsuttaṃ3. 维萨卡经
§43
Ekaṃ samayaṃ bhagavā sāvatthiyaṃ viharati pubbārāme migāramātupāsāde. Atha kho visākhā migāramātā yena bhagavā tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā bhagavantaṃ abhivādetvā ekamantaṃ nisīdi. Ekamantaṃ nisinnaṃ kho visākhaṃ migāramātaraṃ bhagavā etadavoca – ‘‘aṭṭhaṅgasamannāgato kho, visākhe, uposatho upavuttho mahapphalo hoti mahānisaṃso mahājutiko mahāvipphāro. Kathaṃ upavuttho ca, visākhe, aṭṭhaṅgasamannāgato uposatho mahapphalo hoti mahānisaṃso mahājutiko mahāvipphāro? Idha, visākhe, ariyasāvako iti paṭisañcikkhati – ‘yāvajīvaṃ arahanto pāṇātipātaṃ pahāya pāṇātipātā paṭiviratā nihitadaṇḍā nihitasatthā lajjī dayāpannā, sabbapāṇabhūtahitānukampino viharanti. Ahaṃ pajja imañca rattiṃ imañca divasaṃ pāṇātipātaṃ pahāya pāṇātipātā paṭivirato nihitadaṇḍo nihitasattho lajjī dayāpanno, sabbapāṇabhūtahitānukampī viharāmi. Imināpaṅgena arahataṃ anukaromi , uposatho ca me upavuttho bhavissatī’’’ti. Iminā paṭhamena aṅgena samannāgato hoti…pe….
一时,世尊住在沙瓦提城东园鹿母讲堂。那时,韦沙卡鹿母来到世尊处;来到之后,礼敬世尊,坐于一边。世尊对坐于一边的韦沙卡鹿母如此说道——「韦沙卡,具足八支的伍波萨他被受持时,有大果报、大利益、大光辉、大遍满。韦沙卡,具足八支的伍波萨他如何被受持时,有大果报、大利益、大光辉、大遍满呢?韦沙卡,于此,圣弟子如此省察:『尽其一生,诸阿拉汉舍断杀生,离杀生,已放下棍棒,已放下刀剑,有惭,具悲悯,对一切有情生类怀有利益与悲悯而住。我今天这一夜与这一日,舍断杀生,离杀生,已放下棍棒,已放下刀剑,有惭,具悲悯,对一切有情生类怀有利益与悲悯而住。以此支我随学诸阿拉汉,伍波萨他将被我受持。』他具足此第一支……(中略)……
‘‘‘Yāvajīvaṃ arahanto uccāsayanamahāsayanaṃ pahāya uccāsayanamahāsayanā paṭiviratā nīcaseyyaṃ kappenti – mañcake vā tiṇasanthārake vā. Ahaṃ pajja imañca rattiṃ imañca divasaṃ uccāsayanamahāsayanaṃ pahāya uccāsayanamahāsayanā paṭivirato nīcaseyyaṃ kappemi – mañcake vā tiṇasanthārake vā. Imināpaṅgena arahataṃ anukaromi, uposatho ca me upavuttho bhavissatī’ti. Iminā aṭṭhamena aṅgena samannāgato hoti. Evaṃ upavuttho kho, visākhe, aṭṭhaṅgasamannāgato uposatho mahapphalo hoti mahānisaṃso mahājutiko mahāvipphāro.
『尽其一生,诸阿拉汉舍断高床大床,离高床大床,受用低卧具——小床或草铺。我今天这一夜与这一日,舍断高床大床,离高床大床,受用低卧具——小床或草铺。以此支我随学诸阿拉汉,伍波萨他将被我受持。』他具足此第八支。韦沙卡,具足八支的伍波萨他如此被受持时,有大果报、大利益、大光辉、大遍满。
‘‘Kīvamahapphalo hoti, kīvamahānisaṃso, kīvamahājutiko, kīvamahāvipphāro? Seyyathāpi, visākhe, yo imesaṃ soḷasannaṃ mahājanapadānaṃ pahūtarattaratanānaṃ issariyādhipaccaṃ rajjaṃ kāreyya, seyyathidaṃ – aṅgānaṃ magadhānaṃ kāsīnaṃ kosalānaṃ vajjīnaṃ mallānaṃ cetīnaṃ vaṅgānaṃ kurūnaṃ pañcālānaṃ macchānaṃ sūrasenānaṃ assakānaṃ avantīnaṃ gandhārānaṃ kambojānaṃ, aṭṭhaṅgasamannāgatassa uposathassa etaṃ kalaṃ nāgghati soḷasiṃ. Taṃ kissa hetu? Kapaṇaṃ, visākhe, mānusakaṃ rajjaṃ dibbaṃ sukhaṃ upanidhāya.
「有多大果报、多大利益、多大光辉、多大遍满呢?韦沙卡,譬如有人统治这十六大国的富有众多珍宝的主权王国,即:盎嘎国、马嘎达国、咖西国、憍萨喇国、瓦基国、马喇国、切地国、汪嘎国、库汝国、般遮喇国、马查国、苏喇些那国、阿萨咖国、阿汪地国、甘达喇国、甘玻佳国,这不值具足八支的伍波萨他的十六分之一。那是什么原因呢?韦沙卡,人间的王国与天界的快乐相比是微不足道的。
‘‘Yāni, visākhe, mānusakāni paññāsa vassāni, cātumahārājikānaṃ devānaṃ eso eko rattindivo. Tāya rattiyā tiṃsarattiyo māso. Tena māsena dvādasamāsiyo saṃvaccharo. Tena saṃvaccharena dibbāni pañca vassasatāni cātumahārājikānaṃ devānaṃ āyuppamāṇaṃ. Ṭhānaṃ kho panetaṃ, visākhe, vijjati yaṃ idhekacco itthī vā puriso vā aṭṭhaṅgasamannāgataṃ uposathaṃ upavasitvā kāyassa bhedā paraṃ maraṇā cātumahārājikānaṃ devānaṃ sahabyataṃ upapajjeyya . Idaṃ kho panetaṃ, visākhe, sandhāya bhāsitaṃ – ‘kapaṇaṃ mānusakaṃ rajjaṃ dibbaṃ sukhaṃ upanidhāya’’’.
「韦沙卡,人间的五十年,是四大王天诸天人的一昼夜。以那昼夜计,三十昼夜为一月。以那月计,十二个月为一年。以那年计,天界的五百年是四大王天诸天人的寿量。韦沙卡,这是可能的:某位女人或男子受持具足八支的伍波萨他后,身坏命终后,可能投生到四大王天诸天人的同伴中。韦沙卡,正是缘于此而说:『人间的王国与天界的快乐相比是微不足道的。』
‘‘Yaṃ , visākhe, mānusakaṃ vassasataṃ, tāvatiṃsānaṃ devānaṃ eso eko rattindivo. Tāya rattiyā tiṃsarattiyo māso. Tena māsena dvādasamāsiyo saṃvaccharo. Tena saṃvaccharena vassasahassaṃ tāvatiṃsānaṃ devānaṃ āyuppamāṇaṃ. Ṭhānaṃ kho panetaṃ, visākhe, vijjati yaṃ idhekacco itthī vā puriso vā aṭṭhaṅgasamannāgataṃ uposathaṃ upavasitvā kāyassa bhedā paraṃ maraṇā tāvatiṃsānaṃ devānaṃ sahabyataṃ upapajjeyya. Idaṃ kho panetaṃ, visākhe, sandhāya bhāsitaṃ – ‘kapaṇaṃ mānusakaṃ rajjaṃ dibbaṃ sukhaṃ upanidhāya’’’.
「韦沙卡,人间的一百年,是三十三天诸天人的一昼夜。以那昼夜计,三十昼夜为一月。以那月计,十二个月为一年。以那年计,一千年是三十三天诸天人的寿量。韦沙卡,这是可能的:某位女人或男子受持具足八支的伍波萨他后,身坏命终后,可能投生到三十三天诸天人的同伴中。韦沙卡,正是缘于此而说:『人间的王国与天界的快乐相比是微不足道的。』
‘‘Yāni, visākhe, mānusakāni dve vassasatāni…pe… cattāri vassasatāni…pe… aṭṭha vassasatāni…pe… soḷasa vassasatāni paranimmitavasavattīnaṃ devānaṃ eso eko rattindivo . Tāya rattiyā tiṃsarattiyo māso. Tena māsena dvādasamāsiyo saṃvaccharo. Tena saṃvaccharena dibbāni soḷasa vassasahassāni paranimmitavasavattīnaṃ devānaṃ āyuppamāṇaṃ. Ṭhānaṃ kho panetaṃ, visākhe, vijjati yaṃ idhekacco itthī vā puriso vā aṭṭhaṅgasamannāgataṃ uposathaṃ upavasitvā kāyassa bhedā paraṃ maraṇā paranimmitavasavattīnaṃ devānaṃ sahabyataṃ upapajjeyya. Idaṃ kho panetaṃ, visākhe, sandhāya bhāsitaṃ – ‘kapaṇaṃ mānusakaṃ rajjaṃ dibbaṃ sukhaṃ upanidhāyā’’’ti.
「韦沙卡,人间的两百年……(中略)……四百年……(中略)……八百年……(中略)……一千六百年,是他化自在天诸天人的一昼夜。以那昼夜计,三十昼夜为一月。以那月计,十二个月为一年。以那年计,天界的一万六千年是他化自在天诸天人的寿量。韦沙卡,这是可能的:某位女人或男子受持具足八支的伍波萨他后,身坏命终后,可能投生到他化自在天诸天人的同伴中。韦沙卡,正是缘于此而说:『人间的王国与天界的快乐相比是微不足道的。』」
‘‘Pāṇaṃ na haññe na cadinnamādiye,
「不应杀害生命,不应取未与之物,
Musā na bhāse na ca majjapo siyā;
不应说妄语,也不应饮酒;
Abrahmacariyā virameyya methunā,
应离非梵行的交媾,
Rattiṃ na bhuñjeyya vikālabhojanaṃ.
夜晚不应进食非时食。
‘‘Mālaṃ na dhāre na ca gandhamācare,
不应持花鬘,也不应行香涂,
Mañce chamāyaṃ va sayetha santhate;
应睡于铺设在地上的床座;
Etañhi aṭṭhaṅgikamāhuposathaṃ,
他们说这是八支伍波萨他,
Buddhena dukkhantagunā pakāsitaṃ.
由佛陀所宣说,已到达苦尽者。
‘‘Cando ca suriyo ca ubho sudassanā,
月亮与太阳,这两者都是善见的,
Obhāsayaṃ anupariyanti yāvatā;
照耀遍及一切处；
Tamonudā te pana antalikkhagā,
那些驱除黑暗、行于虚空者，
Nabhe pabhāsanti disāvirocanā.
在天空中照耀，光明照诸方。
‘‘Etasmiṃ yaṃ vijjati antare dhanaṃ,
「在此中间所有的财富，
Muttā maṇi veḷuriyañca bhaddakaṃ;
珍珠、宝石、琉璃及美好之物；
Siṅgīsuvaṇṇaṃ atha vāpi kañcanaṃ,
纯金或者黄金，
Yaṃ jātarūpaṃ haṭakanti vuccati.
那被称为生金、哈答咖的，
‘‘Aṭṭhaṅgupetassa uposathassa,
「具足八支的伍波萨他，
Kalampi te nānubhavanti soḷasiṃ;
他们不经历十六分之一的时刻;
Candappabhā tāragaṇā ca sabbe.
月光、星群全都(不及)。
‘‘Tasmā hi nārī ca naro ca sīlavā,
「因此,具戒的女人与男人,
Aṭṭhaṅgupetaṃ upavassuposathaṃ;
应守持具足八支的伍波萨他;
Puññāni katvāna sukhudrayāni,
造作诸善业后,生起安乐,
Aninditā saggamupenti ṭhāna’’nti. tatiyaṃ;
无可指责者上升天界之处。」第三。
4. Vāseṭṭhasuttaṃ4. 瓦谢德经
§44
Ekaṃ samayaṃ bhagavā vesāliyaṃ viharati mahāvane kūṭāgārasālāyaṃ. Atha kho vāseṭṭho upāsako yena bhagavā tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā bhagavantaṃ abhivādetvā ekamantaṃ nisīdi. Ekamantaṃ nisinnaṃ kho vāseṭṭhaṃ upāsakaṃ bhagavā etadavoca – ‘‘aṭṭhaṅgasamannāgato, vāseṭṭha, uposatho upavuttho mahapphalo hoti…pe… aninditā saggamupenti ṭhāna’’nti.
一时,世尊住在韦萨离大林重阁讲堂。那时,瓦些塔近事男前往世尊之处;抵达后,礼敬世尊,在一旁坐下。世尊对坐在一旁的瓦些塔近事男如此说:「瓦些塔,具足八支的伍波萨他被守持时,有大果报……(中略)……无可指责者上升天界之处。」
Evaṃ vutte vāseṭṭho upāsako bhagavantaṃ etadavoca – ‘‘piyā me, bhante, ñātisālohitā aṭṭhaṅgasamannāgataṃ uposathaṃ upavaseyyuṃ, piyānampi me assa ñātisālohitānaṃ dīgharattaṃ hitāya sukhāya. Sabbe cepi, bhante, khattiyā aṭṭhaṅgasamannāgataṃ uposathaṃ upavaseyyuṃ, sabbesampissa khattiyānaṃ dīgharattaṃ hitāya sukhāya. Sabbe cepi, bhante, brāhmaṇā…pe… vessā … suddā aṭṭhaṅgasamannāgataṃ uposathaṃ upavaseyyuṃ, sabbesampissa suddānaṃ dīgharattaṃ hitāya sukhāyā’’ti.
如此说已,瓦些塔近事男对世尊如此说:「尊者,愿我亲爱的亲族血亲守持具足八支的伍波萨他,这将会是我亲爱的亲族血亲长久的利益与安乐。尊者,若一切刹帝利守持具足八支的伍波萨他,这将会是一切刹帝利长久的利益与安乐。尊者,若一切婆罗门……(中略)……吠舍……首陀罗守持具足八支的伍波萨他,这将会是一切首陀罗长久的利益与安乐。」
‘‘Evametaṃ, vāseṭṭha, evametaṃ, vāseṭṭha! Sabbe cepi, vāseṭṭha, khattiyā aṭṭhaṅgasamannāgataṃ uposathaṃ upavaseyyuṃ, sabbesampissa khattiyānaṃ dīgharattaṃ hitāya sukhāya. Sabbe cepi, vāseṭṭha, brāhmaṇā…pe… vessā… suddā aṭṭhaṅgasamannāgataṃ uposathaṃ upavaseyyuṃ, sabbesampissa suddānaṃ dīgharattaṃ hitāya sukhāya. Sadevako cepi, vāseṭṭha, loko samārako sabrahmako sassamaṇabrāhmaṇī pajā sadevamanussā aṭṭhaṅgasamannāgataṃ uposathaṃ upavaseyyuṃ , sadevakassapissa lokassa samārakassa sabrahmakassa sassamaṇabrāhmaṇiyā pajāya sadevamanussāya dīgharattaṃ hitāya sukhāya. Ime cepi, vāseṭṭha, mahāsālā aṭṭhaṅgasamannāgataṃ uposathaṃ upavaseyyuṃ, imesampissa mahāsālānaṃ dīgharattaṃ hitāya sukhāya ( ) . Ko pana vādo manussabhūtassā’’ti! Catutthaṃ.
「瓦些德,确实如此!瓦些德,确实如此!瓦些德,若一切刹帝利都受持具足八支的伍波萨他,这对一切刹帝利来说,将长久地带来利益与安乐。瓦些德,若一切婆罗门……(中略)……吠舍……首陀罗都受持具足八支的伍波萨他,这对一切首陀罗来说,将长久地带来利益与安乐。瓦些德,若包括天的世间、包括魔、包括梵天、包括沙门婆罗门的众生、包括天与人都受持具足八支的伍波萨他,这对包括天的世间、包括魔、包括梵天、包括沙门婆罗门的众生、包括天与人来说,将长久地带来利益与安乐。瓦些德,若这些大富豪都受持具足八支的伍波萨他,这对这些大富豪来说,将长久地带来利益与安乐。何况是人呢!」第四经。
5. Bojjhasuttaṃ5. 觉支经
§45
Ekaṃ samayaṃ bhagavā sāvatthiyaṃ viharati jetavane anāthapiṇḍikassa ārāme. Atha kho bojjhā upāsikā yena bhagavā tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā bhagavantaṃ abhivādetvā ekamantaṃ nisīdi. Ekamantaṃ nisinnaṃ kho bojjhaṃ upāsikaṃ bhagavā etadavoca –
一时,世尊住在沙瓦提城揭德林给孤独园。那时,近事女菩吉雅前往世尊所在之处;抵达后,礼敬世尊,在一旁坐下。世尊对坐在一旁的近事女菩吉雅如此说——
‘‘Aṭṭhaṅgasamannāgato, bojjhe, uposatho upavuttho mahapphalo hoti mahānisaṃso mahājutiko mahāvipphāro. Kathaṃ upavuttho ca, bojjhe, aṭṭhaṅgasamannāgato uposatho mahapphalo hoti mahānisaṃso mahājutiko mahāvipphāro? Idha , bojjhe, ariyasāvako iti paṭisañcikkhati – ‘yāvajīvaṃ arahanto pāṇātipātaṃ pahāya pāṇātipātā paṭiviratā nihitadaṇḍā nihitasatthā lajjī dayāpannā, sabbapāṇabhūtahitānukampino viharanti. Ahaṃ pajja imañca rattiṃ imañca divasaṃ pāṇātipātaṃ pahāya pāṇātipātā paṭivirato nihitadaṇḍo nihitasattho lajjī dayāpanno, sabbapāṇabhūtahitānukampī viharāmi. Imināpaṅgena arahataṃ anukaromi, uposatho ca me upavuttho bhavissatī’ti. Iminā paṭhamena aṅgena samannāgato hoti…pe….
「菩吉雅,具足八支的伍波萨他受持后,有大果报、大利益、大光辉、大遍满。菩吉雅,如何受持具足八支的伍波萨他,有大果报、大利益、大光辉、大遍满呢?菩吉雅,于此,圣弟子如此省察:『终生,诸阿拉汉舍断杀生,离杀生,已放下棍棒,已放下刀剑,有惭,有悲悯,对一切有生命者怀着利益与悲悯而住。我今天这一夜与这一日,舍断杀生,离杀生,已放下棍棒,已放下刀剑,有惭,有悲悯,对一切有生命者怀着利益与悲悯而住。以此支,我效仿诸阿拉汉,我的伍波萨他将被受持。』他具足这第一支……(中略)……
‘‘‘Yāvajīvaṃ arahanto uccāsayanamahāsayanaṃ pahāya uccāsayanamahāsayanā paṭiviratā nīcaseyyaṃ kappenti – mañcake vā tiṇasanthārake vā. Ahaṃ pajja imañca rattiṃ imañca divasaṃ uccāsayanamahāsayanaṃ pahāya uccāsayanamahāsayanā paṭivirato nīcaseyyaṃ kappemi – mañcake vā tiṇasanthārake vā. Imināpaṅgena arahataṃ anukaromi, uposatho ca me upavuttho bhavissatī’ti. Iminā aṭṭhamena aṅgena samannāgato hoti. Evaṃ upavuttho kho, bojjhe, aṭṭhaṅgasamannāgato uposatho mahapphalo hoti mahānisaṃso mahājutiko mahāvipphāro.
『终生,诸阿拉汉舍断高床大床,离高床大床,习惯低卧——在小床上或草铺上。我今天这一夜与这一日,舍断高床大床,离高床大床,习惯低卧——在小床上或草铺上。以此支,我效仿诸阿拉汉,我的伍波萨他将被受持。』他具足这第八支。菩吉雅,如此受持具足八支的伍波萨他,有大果报、大利益、大光辉、大遍满。
‘‘Kīvamahapphalo hoti, kīvamahānisaṃso, kīvamahājutiko, kīvamahāvipphāro? Seyyathāpi, bojjhe, yo imesaṃ soḷasannaṃ mahājanapadānaṃ pahūtarattaratanānaṃ issariyādhipaccaṃ rajjaṃ kāreyya, seyyathidaṃ – aṅgānaṃ magadhānaṃ kāsīnaṃ kosalānaṃ vajjīnaṃ mallānaṃ cetīnaṃ vaṅgānaṃ kurūnaṃ pañcālānaṃ macchānaṃ sūrasenānaṃ assakānaṃ avantīnaṃ gandhārānaṃ kambojānaṃ, aṭṭhaṅgasamannāgatassa uposathassa etaṃ kalaṃ nāgghati soḷasiṃ. Taṃ kissa hetu? Kapaṇaṃ, bojjhe, mānusakaṃ rajjaṃ dibbaṃ sukhaṃ upanidhāya.
「有多大果报、多大利益、多大光辉、多大遍满呢?菩吉雅,譬如若有人对这十六大国——即鸯伽人、马嘎达人、咖西人、国萨拉人、跋耆人、马喇人、支提人、梵伽人、库汝人、般遮罗人、马差人、苏拉些那人、阿萨咖人、阿宛堤人、甘达拉人、甘玻迦人——拥有丰富珍宝的统治权与王位,这不值具足八支伍波萨他的十六分之一。那是什么原因呢?菩吉雅,人间的王位与天界的快乐相比是微不足道的。
‘‘Yāni, bojjhe, mānusakāni paññāsa vassāni, cātumahārājikānaṃ devānaṃ eso eko rattindivo. Tāya rattiyā tiṃsarattiyo māso. Tena māsena dvādasamāsiyo saṃvaccharo. Tena saṃvaccharena dibbāni pañca vassasatāni cātumahārājikānaṃ devānaṃ āyuppamāṇaṃ. Ṭhānaṃ kho panetaṃ, bojjhe, vijjati yaṃ idhekacco itthī vā puriso vā aṭṭhaṅgasamannāgataṃ uposathaṃ upavasitvā kāyassa bhedā paraṃ maraṇā cātumahārājikānaṃ devānaṃ sahabyataṃ upapajjeyya. Idaṃ kho panetaṃ, bojjhe, sandhāya bhāsitaṃ – ‘kapaṇaṃ mānusakaṃ rajjaṃ dibbaṃ sukhaṃ upanidhāya’’’.
「菩吉雅,人间的五十年,是四大王天诸天人的一昼夜。以那昼夜计,三十昼夜为一月。以那月计,十二月为一年。以那年计,天界的五百年是四大王天诸天人的寿量。菩吉雅,这是可能的:某位女人或男子受持具足八支的伍波萨他后,身坏命终后,可能投生到四大王天诸天人的同伴中。菩吉雅,正是依此而说:『人间的王位与天界的快乐相比是微不足道的。』」
‘‘Yaṃ, bojjhe, mānusakaṃ vassasataṃ…pe… tāni, bojjhe, mānusakāni dve vassasatāni…pe… cattāri vassasatāni…pe… aṭṭha vassasatāni…pe… soḷasa vassasatāni paranimmitavasavattīnaṃ devānaṃ eso eko rattindivo. Tāya rattiyā tiṃsarattiyo māso. Tena māsena dvādasamāsiyo saṃvaccharo. Tena saṃvaccharena dibbāni soḷasa vassasahassāni paranimmitavasavattīnaṃ devānaṃ āyuppamāṇaṃ. Ṭhānaṃ kho panetaṃ, bojjhe, vijjati yaṃ idhekacco itthī vā puriso vā aṭṭhaṅgasamannāgataṃ uposathaṃ upavasitvā kāyassa bhedā paraṃ maraṇā paranimmitavasavattīnaṃ devānaṃ sahabyataṃ upapajjeyya. Idaṃ kho panetaṃ, bojjhe, sandhāya bhāsitaṃ – ‘kapaṇaṃ mānusakaṃ rajjaṃ dibbaṃ sukhaṃ upanidhāyā’’’ti.
「菩吉雅,人间的一百年……(中略)……菩吉雅,人间的二百年……(中略)……四百年……(中略)……八百年……(中略)……一千六百年是他化自在天诸天人的一昼夜。以那昼夜计,三十昼夜为一月。以那月计,十二月为一年。以那年计,天界的一万六千年是他化自在天诸天人的寿量。菩吉雅,这是可能的:某位女人或男子受持具足八支的伍波萨他后,身坏命终后,可能投生到他化自在天诸天人的同伴中。菩吉雅,正是依此而说:『人间的王位与天界的快乐相比是微不足道的。』」
‘‘Pāṇaṃ na haññe na cadinnamādiye,
「不应杀害生命,不应取未给予之物,
Musā na bhāse na ca majjapo siyā;
不应说妄语,也不应饮酒;
Abrahmacariyā virameyya methunā,
应离非梵行的交媾,
Rattiṃ na bhuñjeyya vikālabhojanaṃ.
夜晚不应进食非时食。
‘‘Mālaṃ na dhāre na ca gandhamācare,
「不应持花鬘,也不应涂香,
Mañce chamāyaṃ va sayetha santhate;
应睡在铺设于地上的床或席上;
Etañhi aṭṭhaṅgikamāhuposathaṃ,
这被称为八支伍波萨他,
Buddhena dukkhantagunā pakāsitaṃ.
由佛陀所宣说,具足灭苦之德。
‘‘Cando ca suriyo ca ubho sudassanā,
「月亮与太阳,这两者都是善见的,
Obhāsayaṃ anupariyanti yāvatā;
照耀遍及之处；
Tamonudā te pana antalikkhagā,
那些驱除黑暗、行于虚空者，
Nabhe pabhāsanti disāvirocanā.
在天空中照耀，照亮诸方。
‘‘Etasmiṃ yaṃ vijjati antare dhanaṃ,
「在此之间存在的财富，
Muttā maṇi veḷuriyañca bhaddakaṃ;
珍珠、宝石、琉璃及吉祥物；
Siṅgīsuvaṇṇaṃ atha vāpi kañcanaṃ,
纯金或者黄金，
Yaṃ jātarūpaṃ haṭakanti vuccati.
那被称为生金、哈答咖的。
‘‘Aṭṭhaṅgupetassa uposathassa,
「具足八支的伍波萨他，
Kalampi te nānubhavanti soḷasiṃ;
他们不经历十六分之一的黑暗；
Candappabhā tāragaṇā ca sabbe.
月光、星群全都不经历。
‘‘Tasmā hi nārī ca naro ca sīlavā,
「因此，具戒的女人与男人，
Aṭṭhaṅgupetaṃ upavassuposathaṃ;
应守持具足八支的伍波萨他，
Puññāni katvāna sukhudrayāni,
造作诸福，引生安乐，
Aninditā saggamupenti ṭhāna’’nti. pañcamaṃ;
无可指责，前往天界之处。」第五经
6. Anuruddhasuttaṃ6. 阿努儒达经
§46
Ekaṃ samayaṃ bhagavā kosambiyaṃ viharati ghositārāme. Tena kho pana samayena āyasmā anuruddho divāvihāraṃ gato hoti paṭisallīno. Atha kho sambahulā manāpakāyikā devatā yenāyasmā anuruddho tenupasaṅkamiṃsu; upasaṅkamitvā āyasmantaṃ anuruddhaṃ abhivādetvā ekamantaṃ aṭṭhaṃsu. Ekamantaṃ ṭhitā kho tā devatā āyasmantaṃ anuruddhaṃ etadavocuṃ – ‘‘mayaṃ, bhante anuruddha, manāpakāyikā nāma devatā tīsu ṭhānesu issariyaṃ kārema vasaṃ vattema. Mayaṃ, bhante anuruddha, yādisakaṃ vaṇṇaṃ ākaṅkhāma tādisakaṃ vaṇṇaṃ ṭhānaso paṭilabhāma; yādisakaṃ saraṃ ākaṅkhāma tādisakaṃ saraṃ ṭhānaso paṭilabhāma; yādisakaṃ sukhaṃ ākaṅkhāma tādisakaṃ sukhaṃ ṭhānaso paṭilabhāma. Mayaṃ, bhante anuruddha, manāpakāyikā nāma devatā imesu tīsu ṭhānesu issariyaṃ kārema vasaṃ vattemā’’ti.
一时，世尊住在国桑比城瞿师多园。尔时，具寿阿奴卢塔进入日间住处独坐。时，众多意生身天人来到具寿阿奴卢塔处；来到后，礼敬具寿阿奴卢塔，站立一旁。站立一旁的那些天人对具寿阿奴卢塔这样说：「尊者阿奴卢塔，我们名为意生身天人，在三处行使自在，行使控制。尊者阿奴卢塔，我们希望什么样的色，就从那处获得那样的色；我们希望什么样的声，就从那处获得那样的声；我们希望什么样的乐，就从那处获得那样的乐。尊者阿奴卢塔，我们名为意生身天人，在这三处行使自在，行使控制。」
Atha kho āyasmato anuruddhassa etadahosi – ‘‘aho vatimā devatā sabbāva nīlā assu nīlavaṇṇā nīlavatthā nīlālaṅkārā’’ti. Atha kho tā devatā āyasmato anuruddhassa cittamaññāya sabbāva nīlā ahesuṃ nīlavaṇṇā nīlavatthā nīlālaṅkārā.
时，具寿阿奴卢塔生起这样的念头：「啊！愿这些天人全都是青色的、青色相、青色衣、青色装饰。」时，那些天人知道具寿阿奴卢塔的心念后，全都成为青色的、青色相、青色衣、青色装饰。
Atha kho āyasmato anuruddhassa etadahosi – ‘‘aho vatimā devatā sabbāva pītā assu…pe… sabbāva lohitakā assu… sabbāva odātā assu odātavaṇṇā odātavatthā odātālaṅkārā’’ti. Atha kho tā devatā āyasmato anuruddhassa cittamaññāya sabbāva odātā ahesuṃ odātavaṇṇā odātavatthā odātālaṅkārā.
那时,具寿阿奴卢塔生起这样的念头:「啊!愿这些天人全都是黄色的……(中略)……全都是红色的……全都是白色的,白色的容貌、白色的衣服、白色的装饰。」那时,那些天人了知具寿阿奴卢塔的心,全都变成白色的,白色的容貌、白色的衣服、白色的装饰。
Atha kho tā devatā ekā ca gāyi ekā ca nacci ekā ca accharaṃ vādesi. Seyyathāpi nāma pañcaṅgikassa tūriyassa suvinītassa suppaṭipatāḷitassa kusalehi susamannāhatassa saddo hoti vaggu ca rajanīyo ca kamanīyo ca pemanīyo ca madanīyo ca; evamevaṃ tāsaṃ devatānaṃ alaṅkārānaṃ saddo hoti vaggu ca rajanīyo ca kamanīyo ca pemanīyo ca madanīyo ca. Atha kho āyasmā anuruddho indriyāni okkhipi.
那时,那些天人一个唱歌,一个跳舞,一个弹奏乐器。譬如五支乐器善调、善击、由善巧者善敲打的声音,是优美的、可爱的、可意的、可喜的、令人陶醉的;同样地,那些天人的装饰品的声音是优美的、可爱的、可意的、可喜的、令人陶醉的。那时,具寿阿奴卢塔收摄诸根。
Atha kho tā devatā ‘‘na khvayyo anuruddho sādiyatī’’ti tatthevantaradhāyiṃsu. Atha kho āyasmā anuruddho sāyanhasamayaṃ paṭisallānā vuṭṭhito yena bhagavā tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā bhagavantaṃ abhivādetvā ekamantaṃ nisīdi. Ekamantaṃ nisinno kho āyasmā anuruddho bhagavantaṃ etadavoca –
那时,那些天人(想):「这位具寿阿奴卢塔不接受。」就在那里消失了。那时,具寿阿奴卢塔在傍晚时分从独坐中起来,去到世尊那里;到了之后,礼敬世尊,坐在一边。坐在一边的具寿阿奴卢塔对世尊这样说:
‘‘Idhāhaṃ, bhante, divāvihāraṃ gato homi paṭisallīno. Atha kho, bhante, sambahulā manāpakāyikā devatā yenāhaṃ tenupasaṅkamiṃsu; upasaṅkamitvā maṃ abhivādetvā ekamantaṃ aṭṭhaṃsu. Ekamantaṃ ṭhitā kho, bhante, tā devatā maṃ etadavocuṃ – ‘mayaṃ, bhante anuruddha, manāpakāyikā nāma devatā tīsu ṭhānesu issariyaṃ kārema vasaṃ vattema. Mayaṃ, bhante anuruddha, yādisakaṃ vaṇṇaṃ ākaṅkhāma tādisakaṃ vaṇṇaṃ ṭhānaso paṭilabhāma; yādisakaṃ saraṃ ākaṅkhāma tādisakaṃ saraṃ ṭhānaso paṭilabhāma; yādisakaṃ sukhaṃ ākaṅkhāma tādisakaṃ sukhaṃ ṭhānaso paṭilabhāma. Mayaṃ, bhante anuruddha, manāpakāyikā nāma devatā imesu tīsu ṭhānesu issariyaṃ kārema vasaṃ vattemā’ti. Tassa mayhaṃ, bhante, etadahosi – ‘aho vatimā devatā sabbāva nīlā assu nīlavaṇṇā nīlavatthā nīlālaṅkārā’ti. Atha kho, bhante, tā devatā mama cittamaññāya sabbāva nīlā ahesuṃ nīlavaṇṇā nīlavatthā nīlālaṅkārā.
「尊者!在这里,我去到日间住处独坐。尊者!那时,众多意生身天人来到我这里;到了之后,礼敬我,站在一边。尊者!站在一边的那些天人对我这样说:『尊者阿奴卢塔!我们是名为意生身的天人,在三处行使自在,行使权力。尊者阿奴卢塔!我们希望什么样的颜色,就从那处获得那样的颜色;我们希望什么样的声音,就从那处获得那样的声音;我们希望什么样的快乐,就从那处获得那样的快乐。尊者阿奴卢塔!我们是名为意生身的天人,在这三处行使自在,行使权力。』尊者!我生起这样的念头:『啊!愿这些天人全都是青色的,青色的容貌、青色的衣服、青色的装饰。』尊者!那时,那些天人了知我的心,全都变成青色的,青色的容貌、青色的衣服、青色的装饰。
‘‘Tassa mayhaṃ, bhante, etadahosi – ‘aho vatimā devatā sabbāva pītā assu…pe… sabbāva lohitakā assu…pe… sabbāva odātā assu odātavaṇṇā odātavatthā odātālaṅkārā’ti . Atha kho, bhante, tā devatā mama cittamaññāya sabbāva odātā ahesuṃ odātavaṇṇā odātavatthā odātālaṅkārā.
「尊者!我生起这样的念头:『啊!愿这些天人全都是黄色的……(中略)……全都是红色的……(中略)……全都是白色的,白色的容貌、白色的衣服、白色的装饰。』尊者!那时,那些天人了知我的心,全都变成白色的,白色的容貌、白色的衣服、白色的装饰。
‘‘Atha kho, bhante, tā devatā ekā ca gāyi ekā ca nacci ekā ca accharaṃ vādesi. Seyyathāpi nāma pañcaṅgikassa tūriyassa suvinītassa suppaṭipatāḷitassa kusalehi susamannāhatassa saddo hoti vaggu ca rajanīyo ca kamanīyo ca pemanīyo ca madanīyo ca; evamevaṃ tāsaṃ devatānaṃ alaṅkārānaṃ saddo hoti vaggu ca rajanīyo ca kamanīyo ca pemanīyo ca madanīyo ca. Atha khvāhaṃ, bhante, indriyāni okkhipiṃ.
「尊者!那时,那些天人一个唱歌,一个跳舞,一个弹奏乐器。譬如五支乐器善调、善击、由善巧者善敲打的声音,是优美的、可爱的、可意的、可喜的、令人陶醉的;同样地,那些天人的装饰品的声音是优美的、可爱的、可意的、可喜的、令人陶醉的。尊者!那时,我收摄诸根。
‘‘Atha kho, bhante, tā devatā ‘na khvayyo anuruddho sādiyatī’ti tatthevantaradhāyiṃsu. Katihi nu kho, bhante, dhammehi samannāgato mātugāmo kāyassa bhedā paraṃ maraṇā manāpakāyikānaṃ devānaṃ sahabyataṃ upapajjatī’’ti?
「尊者!那时,那些天人(想):『这位具寿阿奴卢塔不接受。』就在那里消失了。尊者!具足多少法的女人,身坏命终后,投生到意生身天人的同伴中呢?」
‘‘Aṭṭhahi kho, anuruddha, dhammehi samannāgato mātugāmo kāyassa bhedā paraṃ maraṇā manāpakāyikānaṃ devānaṃ sahabyataṃ upapajjati. Katamehi aṭṭhahi? Idha, anuruddha, mātugāmo yassa mātāpitaro bhattuno denti atthakāmā hitesino anukampakā anukampaṃ upādāya tassa hoti pubbuṭṭhāyinī pacchānipātinī kiṅkārapaṭissāvinī manāpacārinī piyavādinī.
「阿奴卢塔!具足八法的女人,身坏命终后,投生到意生身天人的同伴中。哪八种呢?阿奴卢塔!在这里,女人对于父母为了利益、为了福祉、出于怜悯而给予丈夫,她对他是早起者、晚睡者、乐于做事者、行为可意者、言语可爱者。
‘‘Ye te bhattu garuno honti – mātāti vā pitāti vā samaṇabrāhmaṇāti vā – te sakkaroti, garuṃ karoti , māneti, pūjeti, abbhāgate ca āsanodakena paṭipūjeti.
「她恭敬、尊重、尊敬、礼敬那些丈夫所尊敬的人——母亲、父亲或沙门婆罗门——并以座位和水来招待来访者。
‘‘Ye te bhattu abbhantarā kammantā – uṇṇāti vā kappāsāti vā – tattha dakkhā hoti analasā tatrupāyāya vīmaṃsāya samannāgatā alaṃ kātuṃ alaṃ saṃvidhātuṃ.
「她对丈夫的家务工作——羊毛或棉花——熟练、不懈怠,具足适当的思量,能够做、能够安排。
‘‘Yo so bhattu abbhantaro antojano – dāsāti vā pessāti vā kammakarāti vā – tesaṃ katañca katato jānāti akatañca akatato jānāti, gilānakānañca balābalaṃ jānāti khādanīyaṃ bhojanīyañcassa paccaṃsena saṃvibhajati.
「她知道丈夫的家内仆从——奴仆、使者或工人——已做的为已做,未做的为未做,知道病者的力弱力强,按份分配副食和主食。
‘‘Yaṃ bhattu āharati dhanaṃ vā dhaññaṃ vā jātarūpaṃ vā taṃ ārakkhena guttiyā sampādeti, tattha ca hoti adhuttī athenī asoṇḍī avināsikā.
「她以守护、保护来保管丈夫带回的财物、谷物或金银,在那里她不是挥霍者、不是盗贼、不是浪费者、不是破坏者。
‘‘Upāsikā kho pana hoti buddhaṃ saraṇaṃ gatā dhammaṃ saraṇaṃ gatā saṅghaṃ saraṇaṃ gatā.
「她是近事女,已皈依佛、已皈依法、已皈依僧团。
‘‘Sīlavatī kho pana hoti – pāṇātipātā paṭiviratā, adinnādānā paṭiviratā, kāmesumicchācārā paṭiviratā, musāvādā paṭiviratā, surāmerayamajjapamādaṭṭhānā paṭiviratā.
「她具戒——离杀生、离不与取、离欲邪行、离妄语、离放逸之因的诸酒类。
‘‘Cāgavatī kho pana hoti. Vigatamalamaccherena cetasā agāraṃ ajjhāvasati muttacāgā payatapāṇinī vossaggaratā yācayogā dānasaṃvibhāgaratā.
「她具施——以离垢离悭的心住于家中,是慷慨施者、手常准备施予者、乐于舍弃者、适合乞求者、乐于分施布施者。
‘‘Imehi kho, anuruddha, aṭṭhahi dhammehi samannāgato mātugāmo kāyassa bhedā paraṃ maraṇā manāpakāyikānaṃ devānaṃ sahabyataṃ upapajjatī’’ti.
「阿奴卢塔,具足这八法的女人,身坏命终后,往生于意所乐天人的同伴处。」
‘‘Yo naṃ bharati sabbadā, niccaṃ ātāpi ussuko;
「凡是常常扶养她的人,恒常热诚、勤勉者;
Taṃ sabbakāmadaṃ posaṃ, bhattāraṃ nātimaññati.
对那位给予一切所欲的养育者、夫主,她不轻慢。
‘‘Na cāpi sotthi bhattāraṃ, issāvādena rosaye;
「她也不以嫉妒之言,激怒安乐的夫主;
Bhattu ca garuno sabbe, paṭipūjeti paṇḍitā.
对夫主所尊敬的一切人,贤慧者都恭敬供养。
‘‘Uṭṭhāhikā analasā, saṅgahitaparijjanā;
「早起不懒惰,摄受诸眷属;
Bhattu manāpaṃ carati, sambhataṃ anurakkhati.
行夫主所喜之事,守护所积聚之物。
‘‘Yā evaṃ vattati nārī, bhattu chandavasānugā;
「如此行持的妇女,随顺夫主的意愿;
Manāpā nāma te devā, yattha sā upapajjatī’’ti. chaṭṭhaṃ;
她往生之处的那些天人,名为『意乐天』。」第六经。
7. Dutiyavisākhāsuttaṃ7. 第二维萨卡经
§47
Ekaṃ samayaṃ bhagavā sāvatthiyaṃ viharati pubbārāme migāramātupāsāde. Atha kho visākhā migāramātā…pe… ekamantaṃ nisinnaṃ kho visākhaṃ migāramātaraṃ bhagavā etadavoca –
一时,世尊住在沙瓦提,东园鹿母殿。尔时,韦沙卡鹿母……(中略)……坐于一边的韦沙卡鹿母,世尊对她如是说——
‘‘Aṭṭhahi kho, visākhe, dhammehi samannāgato mātugāmo kāyassa bhedā paraṃ maraṇā manāpakāyikānaṃ devānaṃ sahabyataṃ upapajjati. Katamehi aṭṭhahi? Idha, visākhe, mātugāmo yassa mātāpitaro bhattuno denti atthakāmā hitesino anukampakā anukampaṃ upādāya tassa hoti pubbuṭṭhāyinī pacchānipātinī kiṅkārapaṭissāvinī manāpacārinī piyavādinī…pe….
「韦沙卡,具足八法的妇女,身坏命终后,往生于意乐身众天的同伴处。哪八种呢?韦沙卡,于此,妇女对于父母为了利益、为了福祉、出于怜悯、基于怜悯而给予丈夫的,她对他是早起者、晚睡者、服从命令者、行为可意者、言语可爱者……(中略)……
‘‘Cāgavatī kho pana hoti. Vigatamalamaccherena cetasā agāraṃ ajjhāvasati muttacāgā payatapāṇinī vossaggaratā yācayogā dānasaṃvibhāgaratā. Imehi kho, visākhe, aṭṭhahi dhammehi samannāgato mātugāmo kāyassa bhedā paraṃ maraṇā manāpakāyikānaṃ devānaṃ sahabyataṃ upapajjatī’’ti.
「她具有施舍。她以离垢、离悭吝之心住于家中,是慷慨施舍者、伸手施予者、乐于舍弃者、适合乞求者、乐于分施布施者。韦沙卡,具足这八法的妇女,身坏命终后,往生于意乐身众天的同伴处。」
‘‘Yo naṃ bharati sabbadā, niccaṃ ātāpi ussuko;
「凡常供养她者,常时热诚勤勉者;
Taṃ sabbakāmadaṃ posaṃ, bhattāraṃ nātimaññati.
对那给予一切所欲的丈夫,夫主,她不轻蔑。
‘‘Na cāpi sotthi bhattāraṃ, issāvādena rosaye;
「她也不以嫉妒之语,激怒丈夫;
Bhattu ca garuno sabbe, paṭipūjeti paṇḍitā.
贤慧者恭敬一切,丈夫所尊敬者。
‘‘Uṭṭhāhikā analasā, saṅgahitaparijjanā;
「勤勉者、不懈怠者,摄受眷属者;
Bhattu manāpaṃ carati, sambhataṃ anurakkhati.
她行丈夫所喜之事,守护所积聚之物。
‘‘Yā evaṃ vattati nārī, bhattu chandavasānugā;
「如此行持的女人,随顺丈夫的意愿,
Manāpā nāma te devā, yattha sā upapajjatī’’ti. sattamaṃ;
她们往生之处的天人,名为意乐天。」第七经。
8. Nakulamātāsuttaṃ8. 那咕喇母经
§48
Ekaṃ samayaṃ bhagavā bhaggesu viharati suṃsumāragire bhesakaḷāvane migadāye. Atha kho nakulamātā gahapatānī yena bhagavā tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā…pe…. Ekamantaṃ nisinnaṃ kho nakulamātaraṃ gahapatāniṃ bhagavā etadavoca –
一时,世尊住在跋耆国,苏苏马拉山,毗萨咖喇林的鹿野苑。那时,那咕喇母居士妇来到世尊处;来到后……(中略)……坐于一边的那咕喇母居士妇,世尊对她这样说——
‘‘Aṭṭhahi kho, nakulamāte, dhammehi samannāgato mātugāmo kāyassa bhedā paraṃ maraṇā manāpakāyikānaṃ devānaṃ sahabyataṃ upapajjati. Katamehi aṭṭhahi? Idha, nakulamāte, mātugāmo yassa mātāpitaro bhattuno denti atthakāmā hitesino anukampakā anukampaṃ upādāya tassa hoti pubbuṭṭhāyinī pacchānipātinī kiṅkārapaṭissāvinī manāpacārinī piyavādinī.
「那咕喇母,具足八法的女人,身坏命终后,往生于意乐身天人的共住处。哪八种?那咕喇母,在此,女人对于父母为了利益、为了福祉、出于怜悯而把她给予的丈夫,她是早起者、晚睡者、乐于服务者、行所喜者、说可爱语者。
‘‘Ye te bhattu garuno honti – mātāti vā pitāti vā samaṇabrāhmaṇāti vā – te sakkaroti garuṃ karoti māneti pūjeti, abbhāgate ca āsanodakena paṭipūjeti.
「凡是丈夫所尊敬的——母亲、父亲或沙门婆罗门——她恭敬、尊重、尊敬、礼敬他们,当他们来到时,以座位和水来款待。
‘‘Ye te bhattu abbhantarā kammantā – uṇṇāti vā kappāsāti vā – tattha dakkhā hoti analasā tatrupāyāya vīmaṃsāya samannāgatā alaṃ kātuṃ alaṃ saṃvidhātuṃ.
「凡是丈夫家内的工作——羊毛或棉花——她在那方面熟练、不懈怠,具足对那方面的思量,能够做、能够安排。
‘‘Yo so bhattu abbhantaro antojano – dāsāti vā pessāti vā kammakarāti vā – tesaṃ katañca katato jānāti akatañca akatato jānāti, gilānakānañca balābalaṃ jānāti khādanīyaṃ bhojanīyañcassa paccaṃsena saṃvibhajati.
「凡是丈夫家内的眷属——奴仆、使者或工人——她知道他们已做的为已做,知道未做的为未做,知道病者的力量与无力,她按比例分配副食和主食。
‘‘Yaṃ bhattā āharati dhanaṃ vā dhaññaṃ vā rajataṃ vā jātarūpaṃ vā taṃ ārakkhena guttiyā sampādeti, tattha ca hoti adhuttī athenī asoṇḍī avināsikā.
「凡丈夫带来的财富、谷物、银或金,她以守护、保护来成就它,在那里她不是欺诈者、不是盗贼、不是酗酒者、不是浪费者。
‘‘Upāsikā kho pana hoti buddhaṃ saraṇaṃ gatā dhammaṃ saraṇaṃ gatā saṅghaṃ saraṇaṃ gatā.
「而且近事女已皈依佛、已皈依法、已皈依僧团。
‘‘Sīlavatī kho pana hoti – pāṇātipātā paṭiviratā…pe… surāmerayamajjapamādaṭṭhānā paṭiviratā…pe….
「而且她具戒——离杀生……乃至……离放逸之因的诸酒类……乃至……。
‘‘Cāgavatī kho pana hoti vigatamalamaccherena cetasā agāraṃ ajjhāvasati muttacāgā payatapāṇinī vossaggaratā yācayogā dānasaṃvibhāgaratā.
「而且她具施舍,以离垢、离悭吝之心住于家中,是慷慨施舍者、伸手施予者、乐于舍弃者、适合乞求者、乐于分施者。
‘‘Imehi kho, nakulamāte, aṭṭhahi dhammehi samannāgato mātugāmo kāyassa bhedā paraṃ maraṇā manāpakāyikānaṃ devānaṃ sahabyataṃ upapajjatī’’ti.
「那库喇玛答,具足这八法的女人,身坏命终后,往生于意所乐身诸天的同伴处。」
‘‘Yo naṃ bharati sabbadā, niccaṃ ātāpi ussuko;
「凡常常扶养她者,常热诚、勤勉者;
Taṃ sabbakāmadaṃ posaṃ, bhattāraṃ nātimaññati.
那位给予一切所欲的丈夫,她不轻蔑。
‘‘Na cāpi sotthi bhattāraṃ, issāvādena rosaye;
「而且贤良的妻子不以嫉妒之语激怒丈夫;
Bhattu ca garuno sabbe, paṭipūjeti paṇḍitā.
贤智者尊敬丈夫，并尊敬一切应尊敬者。
‘‘Uṭṭhāhikā analasā, saṅgahitaparijjanā;
勤奋不懒惰，摄受眷属；
Bhattu manāpaṃ carati, sambhataṃ anurakkhati.
行丈夫所喜之事，守护所积聚之物。
‘‘Yā evaṃ vattati nārī, bhattu chandavasānugā;
如此行持的女人，随顺丈夫的意愿；
Manāpā nāma te devā, yattha sā upapajjatī’’ti. aṭṭhamaṃ;
她们往生之处的天人名为「意乐天」。」第八经
9. Paṭhamaidhalokikasuttaṃ9. 第一此世他世经
§49
Ekaṃ samayaṃ bhagavā sāvatthiyaṃ viharati pubbārāme migāramātupāsāde. Atha kho visākhā migāramātā yena bhagavā tenupasaṅkami…pe…. Ekamantaṃ nisinnaṃ kho visākhaṃ migāramātaraṃ bhagavā etadavoca –
一时，世尊住在沙瓦提城东园鹿母讲堂。尔时，韦沙卡鹿母来到世尊处……乃至……坐于一边的韦沙卡鹿母，世尊对她如此说——
‘‘Catūhi kho, visākhe, dhammehi samannāgato mātugāmo idhalokavijayāya paṭipanno hoti, ayaṃsa loko āraddho hoti. Katamehi catūhi? Idha, visākhe, mātugāmo susaṃvihitakammanto hoti, saṅgahitaparijano, bhattu manāpaṃ carati, sambhataṃ anurakkhati.
「韦沙卡，具足四法的女人，已行于此世间的胜利，此世间已被她征服。是哪四种呢？韦沙卡，于此，女人善于安排工作，摄受眷属，行丈夫所喜之事，守护所积聚之物。
‘‘Kathañca , visākhe, mātugāmo susaṃvihitakammanto hoti? Idha, visākhe, mātugāmo ye te bhattu abbhantarā kammantā – uṇṇāti vā kappāsāti vā – tattha dakkhā hoti analasā tatrupāyāya vīmaṃsāya samannāgatā alaṃ kātuṃ alaṃ saṃvidhātuṃ. Evaṃ kho, visākhe, mātugāmo susaṃvihitakammanto hoti.
「韦沙卡，女人如何善于安排工作呢？韦沙卡，于此，女人对于丈夫家中的工作——无论是羊毛或是棉花——她在那方面熟练、不懒惰，具足适当的思量，能够作、能够安排。韦沙卡，女人如此即是善于安排工作。
‘‘Kathañca, visākhe, mātugāmo saṅgahitaparijano hoti? Idha, visākhe, mātugāmo yo so bhattu abbhantaro antojano – dāsāti vā pessāti vā kammakarāti vā – tesaṃ katañca katato jānāti akatañca akatato jānāti, gilānakānañca balābalaṃ jānāti khādanīyaṃ bhojanīyañcassa paccaṃsena saṃvibhajati. Evaṃ kho, visākhe, mātugāmo saṅgahitaparijano hoti.
「维萨咖,女人如何是摄受眷属者?维萨咖,于此,女人对于丈夫的内部家人——或是奴仆、或是使者、或是工人——知道他们已做的为已做,知道未做的为未做,知道病弱者的力量强弱,按比例分配副食与主食。维萨咖,如此,女人是摄受眷属者。」
‘‘Kathañca, visākhe, mātugāmo bhattu manāpaṃ carati? Idha, visākhe, mātugāmo yaṃ bhattu amanāpasaṅkhātaṃ taṃ jīvitahetupi na ajjhācarati. Evaṃ kho, visākhe, mātugāmo bhattu manāpaṃ carati.
「维萨咖,女人如何是行丈夫所喜者?维萨咖,于此,女人即使为了生命之因,也不行被认为是丈夫所不喜的。维萨咖,如此,女人是行丈夫所喜者。」
‘‘Kathañca, visākhe, mātugāmo sambhataṃ anurakkhati? Idha, visākhe, mātugāmo yaṃ bhattā āharati dhanaṃ vā dhaññaṃ vā rajataṃ vā jātarūpaṃ vā taṃ ārakkhena guttiyā sampādeti, tattha ca hoti adhuttī athenī asoṇḍī avināsikā. Evaṃ kho, visākhe, mātugāmo sambhataṃ anurakkhati. Imehi kho, visākhe, catūhi dhammehi samannāgato mātugāmo idhalokavijayāya paṭipanno hoti, ayaṃsa loko āraddho hoti.
「维萨咖,女人如何是守护所积聚者?维萨咖,于此,女人对于丈夫带来的财富、或谷物、或银、或金,以守护、保护来成就,在那里她是不欺诈者、不盗窃者、不酗酒者、不浪费者。维萨咖,如此,女人是守护所积聚者。维萨咖,具足这四法的女人,是为了此世胜利而行道者,此世已被获得。」
‘‘Catūhi kho , visākhe, dhammehi samannāgato mātugāmo paralokavijayāya paṭipanno hoti, paraloko āraddho hoti. Katamehi catūhi? Idha, visākhe, mātugāmo saddhāsampanno hoti, sīlasampanno hoti, cāgasampanno hoti, paññāsampanno hoti.
「维萨咖,具足四法的女人,是为了他世胜利而行道者,他世已被获得。哪四种?维萨咖,于此,女人是具足信者、达上者、具足施者、具足慧者。」
‘‘Kathañca , visākhe, mātugāmo saddhāsampanno hoti? Idha, visākhe, mātugāmo saddho hoti, saddahati tathāgatassa bodhiṃ – ‘itipi so bhagavā arahaṃ sammāsambuddho vijjācaraṇasampanno sugato lokavidū anuttaro purisadammasārathi satthā devamanussānaṃ buddho bhagavā’ti. Evaṃ kho, visākhe, mātugāmo saddhāsampanno hoti.
「维萨咖,女人如何是具足信者?维萨咖,于此,女人是有信者,信如来的觉悟——『如是,彼世尊是阿拉汉、正等正觉者、明行具足者、善逝、世间解、无上士、调御丈夫者、天人师、佛、世尊』。维萨咖,如此,女人是具足信者。」
‘‘Kathañca, visākhe, mātugāmo sīlasampanno hoti? Idha , visākhe, mātugāmo pāṇātipātā paṭivirato hoti…pe… surāmerayamajjapamādaṭṭhānā paṭivirato hoti. Evaṃ kho, visākhe, mātugāmo sīlasampanno hoti.
「维萨咖,女人如何是达上者?维萨咖,于此,女人离杀生……乃至……离放逸之因的诸酒类。维萨咖,如此,女人是达上者。」
‘‘Kathañca , visākhe, mātugāmo cāgasampanno hoti? Idha, visākhe, mātugāmo vigatamalamaccherena cetasā agāraṃ ajjhāvasati muttacāgā payatapāṇinī vossaggaratā yācayogā dānasaṃvibhāgaratā. Evaṃ kho, visākhe, mātugāmo cāgasampanno hoti.
「维萨咖,女人如何是具足施者?维萨咖,于此,女人以离垢、离悭吝之心住于家中,是慷慨施者、手常准备者、乐于舍弃者、乞求相应者、乐于施与分享者。维萨咖,如此,女人是具足施者。」
‘‘Kathañca, visākhe, mātugāmo paññāsampanno hoti? Idha, visākhe, mātugāmo paññavā hoti…pe… evaṃ kho, visākhe, mātugāmo paññāsampanno hoti. Imehi kho, visākhe, catūhi dhammehi samannāgato mātugāmo paralokavijayāya paṭipanno hoti, paraloko āraddho hotī’’ti.
「维萨咖,女人如何是具足慧者?维萨咖,于此,女人是有慧者……乃至……维萨咖,如此,女人是具足慧者。维萨咖,具足这四法的女人,是为了他世胜利而行道者,他世已被获得。」
‘‘Susaṃvihitakammantā, saṅgahitaparijjanā;
「善安排事务,摄受眷属,
Bhattu manāpaṃ carati, sambhataṃ anurakkhati.
行令夫喜悦之事,守护所积聚之物。
‘‘Saddhā sīlena sampannā, vadaññū vītamaccharā;
「具足信与戒,慷慨无悭吝,
Niccaṃ maggaṃ visodheti, sotthānaṃ samparāyikaṃ.
常清净道路,通往来世安稳处。
‘‘Iccete aṭṭha dhammā ca, yassā vijjanti nāriyā;
「确实这八法,若女人具有,
Tampi sīlavatiṃ āhu, dhammaṭṭhaṃ saccavādiniṃ.
她被称为具戒者,住于法、说真实语者。
‘‘Soḷasākārasampannā, aṭṭhaṅgasusamāgatā;
「具足十六相,善具八支,
Tādisī sīlavatī upāsikā;
如是具戒的近事女;」
Upapajjati devalokaṃ manāpa’’nti. navamaṃ;
他投生到天界,可意。」第九经。
10. Dutiyaidhalokikasuttaṃ10. 第二此世他世经
§50
‘‘Catūhi , bhikkhave, dhammehi samannāgato mātugāmo idhalokavijayāya paṭipanno hoti, ayaṃsa loko āraddho hoti. Katamehi catūhi? Idha , bhikkhave, mātugāmo susaṃvihitakammanto hoti, saṅgahitaparijano, bhattu manāpaṃ carati, sambhataṃ anurakkhati.
「诸比库!具足四法的妇女,为了此世的胜利而行道,此世已被掌握。哪四种?诸比库!在此,妇女善于安排工作、摄受眷属、行丈夫所喜、守护积聚。
‘‘Kathañca, bhikkhave, mātugāmo susaṃvihitakammanto hoti? Idha, bhikkhave, mātugāmo ye te bhattu abbhantarā kammantā…pe… evaṃ kho, bhikkhave, mātugāmo susaṃvihitakammanto hoti.
「诸比库!妇女如何善于安排工作?诸比库!在此,妇女对于那些丈夫内部的工作……(中略)……诸比库!妇女如此善于安排工作。
‘‘Kathañca, bhikkhave, mātugāmo saṅgahitaparijano hoti? Idha, bhikkhave, mātugāmo yo so bhattu abbhantaro antojano…pe… evaṃ kho, bhikkhave, mātugāmo saṅgahitaparijano hoti.
「诸比库!妇女如何摄受眷属?诸比库!在此,妇女对于那些丈夫内部的眷属……(中略)……诸比库!妇女如此摄受眷属。
‘‘Kathañca , bhikkhave, mātugāmo bhattu manāpaṃ carati? Idha, bhikkhave, mātugāmo yaṃ bhattu amanāpasaṅkhātaṃ taṃ jīvitahetupi na ajjhācarati. Evaṃ kho, bhikkhave, mātugāmo bhattu manāpaṃ carati.
「诸比库!妇女如何行丈夫所喜?诸比库!在此,妇女对于被认为是丈夫不喜的,即使为了生命也不行。诸比库!妇女如此行丈夫所喜。
‘‘Kathañca, bhikkhave, mātugāmo sambhataṃ anurakkhati? Idha, bhikkhave, mātugāmo yaṃ bhattā āharati…pe… evaṃ kho, bhikkhave, mātugāmo sambhataṃ anurakkhati. Imehi kho, bhikkhave, catūhi dhammehi samannāgato mātugāmo idhalokavijayāya paṭipanno hoti, ayaṃsa loko āraddho hoti.
「诸比库!妇女如何守护积聚?诸比库!在此,妇女对于丈夫所带来的……(中略)……诸比库!妇女如此守护积聚。诸比库!具足这四法的妇女,为了此世的胜利而行道,此世已被掌握。
‘‘Catūhi, bhikkhave, dhammehi samannāgato mātugāmo paralokavijayāya paṭipanno hoti, paraloko āraddho hoti. Katamehi catūhi? Idha, bhikkhave, mātugāmo saddhāsampanno hoti, sīlasampanno hoti, cāgasampanno hoti, paññāsampanno hoti.
「诸比库!具足四法的妇女,为了来世的胜利而行道,来世已被掌握。哪四种?诸比库!在此,妇女具足信、达上、具足施、具足慧。
‘‘Kathañca, bhikkhave, mātugāmo saddhāsampanno hoti? Idha, bhikkhave, mātugāmo saddho hoti…pe… evaṃ kho, bhikkhave, mātugāmo saddhāsampanno hoti.
「诸比库!妇女如何具足信?诸比库!在此,妇女有信……(中略)……诸比库!妇女如此具足信。
‘‘Kathañca , bhikkhave, mātugāmo sīlasampanno hoti? Idha, bhikkhave, mātugāmo pāṇātipātā paṭivirato hoti…pe… surāmerayamajjapamādaṭṭhānā paṭivirato hoti. Evaṃ kho, bhikkhave, mātugāmo sīlasampanno hoti.
「诸比库,女人如何具戒呢?诸比库,于此,女人离杀生……乃至……离放逸之因的诸酒类。诸比库,女人如此具戒。
‘‘Kathañca, bhikkhave, mātugāmo cāgasampanno hoti? Idha, bhikkhave, mātugāmo vigatamalamaccherena cetasā agāraṃ ajjhāvasati…pe… evaṃ kho , bhikkhave, mātugāmo cāgasampanno hoti.
「诸比库,女人如何具施呢?诸比库,于此,女人以离垢、离悭吝之心住于家中……乃至……诸比库,女人如此具施。
‘‘Kathañca, bhikkhave, mātugāmo paññāsampanno hoti? Idha, bhikkhave, mātugāmo paññavā hoti…pe… evaṃ kho, bhikkhave, mātugāmo paññāsampanno hoti. Imehi kho, bhikkhave, catūhi dhammehi samannāgato mātugāmo paralokavijayāya paṭipanno hoti, paraloko āraddho hotī’’ti.
「诸比库,女人如何具慧呢?诸比库,于此,女人有慧……乃至……诸比库,女人如此具慧。诸比库,具足这四法的女人,行道趣向他世的胜利,他世已被发起。」
‘‘Susaṃvihitakammantā, saṅgahitaparijjanā;
「善安立诸业,摄受诸眷属,
Bhattu manāpaṃ carati, sambhataṃ anurakkhati.
行合夫意者,守护所积聚。
‘‘Saddhā sīlena sampannā, vadaññū vītamaccharā;
「具信与戒者,慷慨离悭吝,
Niccaṃ maggaṃ visodheti, sotthānaṃ samparāyikaṃ.
常清净其道,来世之安稳。
‘‘Iccete aṭṭha dhammā ca, yassā vijjanti nāriyā;
「如是此八法,若女人具有,
Tampi sīlavatiṃ āhu, dhammaṭṭhaṃ saccavādiniṃ.
他们也称她为具戒者、住于法者、说真实语者。
‘‘Soḷasākārasampannā, aṭṭhaṅgasusamāgatā;
「具足十六相，善具足八支；
Tādisī sīlavatī upāsikā, upapajjati devalokaṃ manāpa’’nti. dasamaṃ;
如此具戒的近事女，往生于天界，可意。」第十经。
Uposathavaggo pañcamo. · 伍波萨他品第五
Tassuddānaṃ –
其摄颂——
Saṃkhitte vitthate visākhe, vāseṭṭho bojjhāya pañcamaṃ;
总说、广说、维沙卡,瓦些塔、为了觉悟第五;
Anuruddhaṃ puna visākhe, nakulā idhalokikā dveti.
阿奴卢塔、再维沙卡,那库喇、此世间二经。
Paṭhamapaṇṇāsakaṃ samattaṃ. · 第一个五十经完
2. Dutiyapaṇṇāsakaṃ
2. 第二个五十