4. Sumanavaggo4. 苏玛那品
4. Sumanavaggo4. 苏玛那品
1. Sumanasuttaṃ1. 苏玛那经
§31
Ekaṃ samayaṃ…pe… anāthapiṇḍikassa ārāme. Atha kho sumanā rājakumārī pañcahi rathasatehi pañcahi rājakumārisatehi parivutā yena bhagavā tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā bhagavantaṃ abhivādetvā ekamantaṃ nisīdi. Ekamantaṃ nisinnā kho sumanā rājakumārī bhagavantaṃ etadavoca –
一时……乃至……阿那他宾地咖的园林。尔时,苏玛那公主由五百辆车、五百位公主围绕,前往世尊所在之处;抵达后,礼敬世尊,坐于一旁。坐于一旁的苏玛那公主对世尊如此说——
‘‘Idhassu, bhante, bhagavato dve sāvakā samasaddhā samasīlā samapaññā – eko dāyako, eko adāyako. Te kāyassa bhedā paraṃ maraṇā sugatiṃ saggaṃ lokaṃ upapajjeyyuṃ. Devabhūtānaṃ pana nesaṃ , bhante, siyā viseso, siyā nānākaraṇa’’nti?
「尊者,于此,世尊有两位弟子,信相等、戒相等、慧相等——一位是施者,一位是非施者。他们身坏命终后,生于善趣、天界。尊者,当他们成为天人时,他们之间会有差别、会有不同吗?」
‘‘Siyā, sumane’’ti bhagavā avoca – ‘‘yo so, sumane, dāyako so amuṃ adāyakaṃ devabhūto samāno pañcahi ṭhānehi adhigaṇhāti – dibbena āyunā, dibbena vaṇṇena, dibbena sukhena, dibbena yasena, dibbena ādhipateyyena. Yo so, sumane, dāyako so amuṃ adāyakaṃ devabhūto samāno imehi pañcahi ṭhānehi adhigaṇhāti’’.
「会有,苏玛那。」世尊说——「苏玛那,那位施者,当他成为天人时,在五个方面胜过那位非施者——以天寿、以天色、以天乐、以天名声、以天威势。苏玛那,那位施者,当他成为天人时,在这五个方面胜过那位非施者。」
‘‘Sace pana te, bhante, tato cutā itthattaṃ āgacchanti, manussabhūtānaṃ pana nesaṃ, bhante, siyā viseso, siyā nānākaraṇa’’nti? ‘‘Siyā, sumane’’ti bhagavā avoca – ‘‘yo so, sumane, dāyako so amuṃ adāyakaṃ manussabhūto samāno pañcahi ṭhānehi adhigaṇhāti – mānusakena āyunā, mānusakena vaṇṇena, mānusakena sukhena, mānusakena yasena, mānusakena ādhipateyyena. Yo so, sumane, dāyako so amuṃ adāyakaṃ manussabhūto samāno imehi pañcahi ṭhānehi adhigaṇhāti’’.
「尊者,若他们从那里死后来到此处,尊者,当他们成为人时,他们之间会有差别、会有不同吗?」「会有,苏玛那。」世尊说——「苏玛那,那位施者,当他成为人时,在五个方面胜过那位非施者——以人寿、以人色、以人乐、以人名声、以人威势。苏玛那,那位施者,当他成为人时,在这五个方面胜过那位非施者。」
‘‘Sace pana te, bhante, ubho agārasmā anagāriyaṃ pabbajanti, pabbajitānaṃ pana nesaṃ, bhante , siyā viseso, siyā nānākaraṇa’’nti? ‘‘Siyā, sumane’’ti bhagavā avoca – ‘‘yo so, sumane, dāyako so amuṃ adāyakaṃ pabbajito samāno pañcahi ṭhānehi adhigaṇhāti – yācitova bahulaṃ cīvaraṃ paribhuñjati appaṃ ayācito, yācitova bahulaṃ piṇḍapātaṃ paribhuñjati appaṃ ayācito, yācitova bahulaṃ senāsanaṃ paribhuñjati appaṃ ayācito, yācitova bahulaṃ gilānappaccayabhesajjaparikkhāraṃ paribhuñjati appaṃ ayācito. Yehi kho pana sabrahmacārīhi saddhiṃ viharati tyassa manāpeneva bahulaṃ kāyakammena samudācaranti appaṃ amanāpena, manāpeneva bahulaṃ vacīkammena samudācaranti appaṃ amanāpena, manāpeneva bahulaṃ manokammena samudācaranti appaṃ amanāpena, manāpaṃyeva bahulaṃ upahāraṃ upaharanti appaṃ amanāpaṃ . Yo so, sumane, dāyako so amuṃ adāyakaṃ pabbajito samāno imehi pañcahi ṭhānehi adhigaṇhātī’’ti.
「尊者,若他们两者都从在家出家为无家,尊者,当他们出家时,他们之间会有差别、会有不同吗?」「会有,苏玛那。」世尊说——「苏玛那,那位施者,当他出家时,在五个方面胜过那位非施者——被邀请时多受用衣,不被邀请时少;被邀请时多受用钵食,不被邀请时少;被邀请时多受用住所,不被邀请时少;被邀请时多受用病者所需的医药资具,不被邀请时少。与他共住的诸梵行者,多以可意的身业对待他,少以不可意的;多以可意的语业对待他,少以不可意的;多以可意的意业对待他,少以不可意的;多供养可意的供养,少供养不可意的。苏玛那,那位施者,当他出家时,在这五个方面胜过那位非施者。」
‘‘Sace pana te, bhante, ubho arahattaṃ pāpuṇanti, arahattappattānaṃ pana nesaṃ, bhante, siyā viseso, siyā nānākaraṇa’’nti? ‘‘Ettha kho panesāhaṃ, sumane, na kiñci nānākaraṇaṃ vadāmi, yadidaṃ vimuttiyā vimutti’’nti .
「尊者,若他们两者都证得阿拉汉果,尊者,当他们证得阿拉汉果时,他们之间会有差别、会有不同吗?」「苏玛那,在此,我说没有任何不同,即就解脱而言的解脱。」
‘‘Acchariyaṃ, bhante, abbhutaṃ, bhante! Yāvañcidaṃ, bhante, alameva dānāni dātuṃ alaṃ puññāni kātuṃ; yatra hi nāma devabhūtassāpi upakārāni puññāni, manussabhūtassāpi upakārāni puññāni, pabbajitassāpi upakārāni puññānī’’ti. ‘‘Evametaṃ, sumane! Alañhi, sumane, dānāni dātuṃ alaṃ puññāni kātuṃ! Devabhūtassāpi upakārāni puññāni, manussabhūtassāpi upakārāni puññāni, pabbajitassāpi upakārāni puññānī’’ti .
「尊者,不可思议!尊者,未曾有!尊者,这确实足以布施诸施,足以作诸福!因为诸福对成为天人者有利益,对成为人者有利益,对出家者也有利益。」「苏玛那,确实如此!苏玛那,确实足以布施诸施,足以作诸福!诸福对成为天人者有利益,对成为人者有利益,对出家者也有利益。」
Idamavoca bhagavā. Idaṃ vatvāna sugato athāparaṃ etadavoca satthā –
世尊如此说。说此已,善逝、导师又说此——
‘‘Yathāpi cando vimalo, gacchaṃ ākāsadhātuyā;
「犹如清净的月亮,行于虚空界;
Sabbe tārāgaṇe loke, ābhāya atirocati.
以光辉胜过世间的一切星群。
‘‘Tatheva sīlasampanno, saddho purisapuggalo;
「如是具戒、有信的人,
Sabbe maccharino loke, cāgena atirocati.
以布施胜过世间一切悭吝者。
‘‘Yathāpi megho thanayaṃ, vijjumālī satakkaku;
「犹如雷鸣的云,具闪电鬘、百眼者;
Thalaṃ ninnañca pūreti, abhivassaṃ vasundharaṃ.
降雨于大地,充满高地与低地。
‘‘Evaṃ dassanasampanno, sammāsambuddhasāvako;
「如是具见、正等正觉者的弟子,
Macchariṃ adhigaṇhāti, pañcaṭhānehi paṇḍito.
贤智者以五处胜过悭吝者。
‘‘Āyunā yasasā ceva , vaṇṇena ca sukhena ca;
以寿命、名声、容色与安乐，
Sa ve bhogaparibyūḷho , pecca sagge pamodatī’’ti. paṭhamaṃ;
他确实被财富围绕，死后在天界欢喜。」第一经。
2. Cundīsuttaṃ2. 准地经
§32
Ekaṃ samayaṃ bhagavā rājagahe viharati veḷuvane kalandakanivāpe. Atha kho cundī rājakumārī pañcahi rathasatehi pañcahi ca kumārisatehi parivutā yena bhagavā tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā bhagavantaṃ abhivādetvā ekamantaṃ nisīdi. Ekamantaṃ nisinnā kho cundī rājakumārī bhagavantaṃ etadavoca –
一时,世尊住在王舍城竹林栗鼠饲养处。尔时,准帝王女由五百辆车与五百位少女围绕,前往世尊所在之处;抵达后,礼敬世尊,坐于一旁。坐于一旁的准帝王女对世尊如此说:
‘‘Amhākaṃ, bhante, bhātā cundo nāma rājakumāro, so evamāha – ‘yadeva so hoti itthī vā puriso vā buddhaṃ saraṇaṃ gato, dhammaṃ saraṇaṃ gato, saṅghaṃ saraṇaṃ gato, pāṇātipātā paṭivirato, adinnādānā paṭivirato, kāmesumicchācārā paṭivirato, musāvādā paṭivirato, surāmerayamajjapamādaṭṭhānā paṭivirato, so kāyassa bhedā paraṃ maraṇā sugatiṃyeva upapajjati, no duggati’nti. Sāhaṃ, bhante, bhagavantaṃ pucchāmi – ‘kathaṃrūpe kho, bhante, satthari pasanno kāyassa bhedā paraṃ maraṇā sugatiṃyeva upapajjati, no duggatiṃ? Kathaṃrūpe dhamme pasanno kāyassa bhedā paraṃ maraṇā sugatiṃyeva upapajjati, no duggatiṃ? Kathaṃrūpe saṅghe pasanno kāyassa bhedā paraṃ maraṇā sugatiṃyeva upapajjati, no duggatiṃ? Kathaṃrūpesu sīlesu paripūrakārī kāyassa bhedā paraṃ maraṇā sugatiṃyeva upapajjati, no duggati’’’nti?
「尊者,我们的兄弟名为准德王子,他如此说:『无论是女人或男人,已皈依佛、已皈依法、已皈依僧团,离杀生、离不与取、离欲邪行、离妄语、离放逸之因的诸酒类,他身坏命终后只生于善趣,不生于恶趣。』尊者,我问世尊:『尊者,对什么样的导师有信,身坏命终后只生于善趣,不生于恶趣?对什么样的法有信,身坏命终后只生于善趣,不生于恶趣?对什么样的僧团有信,身坏命终后只生于善趣,不生于恶趣?圆满什么样的诸戒,身坏命终后只生于善趣,不生于恶趣?』」
‘‘Yāvatā, cundi, sattā apadā vā dvipadā vā catuppadā vā bahuppadā vā rūpino vā arūpino vā saññino vā asaññino vā nevasaññināsaññino vā, tathāgato tesaṃ aggamakkhāyati arahaṃ sammāsambuddho. Ye kho, cundi, buddhe pasannā, agge te pasannā. Agge kho pana pasannānaṃ aggo vipāko hoti.
「准帝,凡诸有情——无足、二足、四足或多足,有色或无色,有想或无想或非想非非想——如来被称为他们当中的最上者、阿拉汉、正等正觉者。准帝,凡对佛有信者,他们是对最上者有信。对最上者有信者,有最上的果报。
‘‘Yāvatā, cundi, dhammā saṅkhatā, ariyo aṭṭhaṅgiko maggo tesaṃ aggamakkhāyati. Ye, cundi, ariye aṭṭhaṅgike magge pasannā, agge te pasannā, agge kho pana pasannānaṃ aggo vipāko hoti.
「准帝,凡诸有为法,圣八支道被称为它们当中的最上者。准帝,凡对圣八支道有信者,他们是对最上者有信。对最上者有信者,有最上的果报。
‘‘Yāvatā , cundi, dhammā saṅkhatā vā asaṅkhatā vā, virāgo tesaṃ aggamakkhāyati, yadidaṃ – madanimmadano pipāsavinayo ālayasamugghāto vaṭṭupacchedo taṇhākkhayo virāgo nirodho nibbānaṃ. Ye kho, cundi , virāge dhamme pasannā, agge te pasannā. Agge kho pana pasannānaṃ aggo vipāko hoti.
「准帝,凡诸有为法或无为法,离贪被称为它们当中的最上者,即:骄醉的调伏、渴的去除、执着的根除、轮回的切断、渴爱的灭尽、离贪、灭、涅槃。准帝,凡对离贪之法有信者,他们是对最上者有信。对最上者有信者,有最上的果报。
‘‘Yāvatā, cundi, saṅghā vā gaṇā vā, tathāgatasāvakasaṅgho tesaṃ aggamakkhāyati, yadidaṃ – cattāri purisayugāni aṭṭha purisapuggalā, esa bhagavato sāvakasaṅgho āhuneyyo pāhuneyyo dakkhiṇeyyo añjalikaraṇīyo anuttaraṃ puññakkhettaṃ lokassa. Ye kho, cundi, saṅghe pasannā, agge te pasannā. Agge kho pana pasannānaṃ aggo vipāko hoti.
「准帝,凡诸僧团或团体,如来声闻僧团被称为他们当中的最上者,即:四双人、八辈人,这世尊的声闻僧团是应供养者、应供奉者、应施与者、应合掌者、世间的无上福田。准帝,凡对僧团有信者,他们是对最上者有信。对最上者有信者,有最上的果报。
‘‘Yāvatā, cundi, sīlāni, ariyakantāni sīlāni tesaṃ aggamakkhāyati, yadidaṃ – akhaṇḍāni acchiddāni asabalāni akammāsāni bhujissāni viññuppasatthāni aparāmaṭṭhāni samādhisaṃvattanikāni. Ye kho, cundi, ariyakantesu sīlesu paripūrakārino, agge te paripūrakārino. Agge kho pana paripūrakārīnaṃ aggo vipāko hotī’’ti.
「纯陀,就诸戒而言,圣者所喜之戒是其中最上的,即:不破、不穿、不杂、不秽、自在、智者所赞叹、不被执取、导向于定。纯陀,凡于圣者所喜之戒圆满实行者,他们是最上的圆满实行者。而对于最上的圆满实行者,有最上的果报。」
‘‘Aggato ve pasannānaṃ, aggaṃ dhammaṃ vijānataṃ;
「对最上者净信者,了知最上之法者;
Agge buddhe pasannānaṃ, dakkhiṇeyye anuttare.
「对最上的诸佛净信者,应供中无上者。
‘‘Agge dhamme pasannānaṃ, virāgūpasame sukhe;
「对最上之法净信者,离贪寂止之乐;
Agge saṅghe pasannānaṃ, puññakkhette anuttare.
「对最上的僧团净信者,福田中无上者。
‘‘Aggasmiṃ dānaṃ dadataṃ, aggaṃ puññaṃ pavaḍḍhati;
「布施于最上者,最上之福增长;
Aggaṃ āyu ca vaṇṇo ca, yaso kitti sukhaṃ balaṃ.
「最上的寿命与容色,名声、声誉、快乐、力量。
‘‘Aggassa dātā medhāvī, aggadhammasamāhito;
「最上者的施者,贤智者,住立于最上法;
Devabhūto manusso vā, aggappatto pamodatī’’ti. dutiyaṃ;
成为天人或人，达到最上而欢喜。」第二经。
3. Uggahasuttaṃ3. 伍嘎哈经
§33
Ekaṃ samayaṃ bhagavā bhaddiye viharati jātiyā vane. Atha kho uggaho meṇḍakanattā yena bhagavā tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā bhagavantaṃ abhivādetvā ekamantaṃ nisīdi. Ekamantaṃ nisinno kho uggaho meṇḍakanattā bhagavantaṃ etadavoca –
一时,世尊住在跋地的阇提亚林。那时,绵羊牧者伍嘎哈来到世尊处;来到后,礼敬世尊,坐于一旁。坐于一旁的绵羊牧者伍嘎哈对世尊如此说——
‘‘Adhivāsetu me, bhante, bhagavā svātanāya attacatuttho bhatta’’nti . Adhivāsesi bhagavā tuṇhībhāvena. Atha kho uggaho meṇḍakanattā bhagavato adhivāsanaṃ viditvā uṭṭhāyāsanā bhagavantaṃ abhivādetvā padakkhiṇaṃ katvā pakkāmi.
「尊者,请世尊同意明日我与四人一起供养食物。」世尊以沉默同意。那时,绵羊牧者伍嘎哈知道世尊已同意后,从座起立,礼敬世尊,作右绕后离去。
Atha kho bhagavā tassā rattiyā accayena pubbaṇhasamayaṃ nivāsetvā pattacīvaramādāya yena uggahassa meṇḍakanattuno nivesanaṃ tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā paññatte āsane nisīdi. Atha kho uggaho meṇḍakanattā bhagavantaṃ paṇītena khādanīyena bhojanīyena sahatthā santappesi sampavāresi. Atha kho uggaho meṇḍakanattā bhagavantaṃ bhuttāviṃ onītapattapāṇiṃ ekamantaṃ nisīdi. Ekamantaṃ nisinno kho uggaho meṇḍakanattā bhagavantaṃ etadavoca – ‘‘imā me, bhante, kumāriyo patikulāni gamissanti. Ovadatu tāsaṃ, bhante, bhagavā; anusāsatu tāsaṃ, bhante, bhagavā, yaṃ tāsaṃ assa dīgharattaṃ hitāya sukhāyā’’ti.
那时,世尊于那夜过后,在上午时分穿好衣,拿着钵与衣,来到绵羊牧者伍嘎哈的住处;来到后,坐在已设的座位上。那时,绵羊牧者伍嘎哈以殊妙的副食、主食亲手款待、满足世尊。那时,绵羊牧者伍嘎哈见世尊已食毕、手已离钵,坐于一旁。坐于一旁的绵羊牧者伍嘎哈对世尊如此说——「尊者,这些少女将前往夫家。尊者,请世尊教诫她们;尊者,请世尊教导她们,那将使她们长夜利益安乐。」
Atha kho bhagavā tā kumāriyo etadavoca – ‘‘tasmātiha, kumāriyo, evaṃ sikkhitabbaṃ – ‘yassa vo mātāpitaro bhattuno dassanti atthakāmā hitesino anukampakā anukampaṃ upādāya, tassa bhavissāma pubbuṭṭhāyiniyo pacchānipātiniyo kiṃkārapaṭissāviniyo manāpacāriniyo piyavādiniyo’ti. Evañhi vo, kumāriyo, sikkhitabbaṃ.
那时,世尊对那些少女如此说——「因此,少女们,你们应当如此学:『凡我们的父母为我们利益、为我们福祉、出于悲悯而悲悯地给予丈夫者,我们将对他早起、晚睡、乐于做事、行为令人喜悦、言语可爱。』少女们,你们应当如此学。
‘‘Tasmātiha, kumāriyo, evaṃ sikkhitabbaṃ – ‘ye te bhattu garuno bhavissanti mātāti vā pitāti vā samaṇabrāhmaṇāti vā, te sakkarissāma garuṃ karissāma mānessāma pūjessāma abbhāgate ca āsanodakena paṭipūjessāmā’ti . Evañhi vo, kumāriyo, sikkhitabbaṃ.
「因此,少女们,你们应当如此学:『凡那些丈夫所尊敬者——母亲、父亲或沙门婆罗门,我们将恭敬他们、尊重他们、尊敬他们、供养他们,并且在他们到来时以座位与水供养他们。』少女们,你们应当如此学。
‘‘Tasmātiha , kumāriyo, evaṃ sikkhitabbaṃ – ‘ye te bhattu abbhantarā kammantā uṇṇāti vā kappāsāti vā, tattha dakkhā bhavissāma analasā , tatrupāyāya vīmaṃsāya samannāgatā, alaṃ kātuṃ alaṃ saṃvidhātu’nti. Evañhi vo, kumāriyo, sikkhitabbaṃ.
「因此,少女们,你们应当如此学:『凡那些丈夫家中的工作——羊毛或棉花,我们将在那里善巧、不懈怠,具足对那些的方法与思量,能够做、能够安排。』少女们,你们应当如此学。
‘‘Tasmātiha, kumāriyo, evaṃ sikkhitabbaṃ – ‘yo so bhattu abbhantaro antojano dāsāti vā pessāti vā kammakarāti vā, tesaṃ katañca katato jānissāma akatañca akatato jānissāma, gilānakānañca balābalaṃ jānissāma, khādanīyaṃ bhojanīyañcassa paccaṃsena saṃvibhajissāmā’ti . Evañhi vo, kumāriyo, sikkhitabbaṃ.
「因此,少女们,你们应当如此学:『凡那些丈夫家中的内部人员——奴仆、使者或工人,我们将知道他们已做的为已做、未做的为未做,将知道病者的强弱,将按份分配副食与主食。』少女们,你们应当如此学。
‘‘Tasmātiha, kumāriyo, evaṃ sikkhitabbaṃ – ‘yaṃ bhattā āharissati dhanaṃ vā dhaññaṃ vā rajataṃ vā jātarūpaṃ vā, taṃ ārakkhena guttiyā sampādessāma, tattha ca bhavissāma adhuttī athenī asoṇḍī avināsikāyo’ti. Evañhi vo, kumāriyo, sikkhitabbaṃ. Imehi kho, kumāriyo, pañcahi dhammehi samannāgato mātugāmo kāyassa bhedā paraṃ maraṇā manāpakāyikānaṃ devānaṃ sahabyataṃ upapajjatī’’ti.
「因此,少女们,应当这样学习——『凡是丈夫带来的财物、谷物、银、金,我们将以守护、保护来成就它,在那方面,我们将是不欺诈者、不盗窃者、不挥霍者、不浪费者。』少女们,你们应当这样学习。少女们,具足这五法的女人,身坏命终后,往生于意所爱身诸天的同伴处。」
‘‘Yo naṃ bharati sabbadā, niccaṃ ātāpi ussuko;
「凡常常养育她者,常时热诚、勤勉者;
Sabbakāmaharaṃ posaṃ, bhattāraṃ nātimaññati.
「带来一切所欲的丈夫,贤慧者不轻视。
‘‘Na cāpi sotthi bhattāraṃ, issācārena rosaye;
「也不以嫉妒之行,激怒丈夫;
Bhattu ca garuno sabbe, paṭipūjeti paṇḍitā.
「贤慧者礼敬一切丈夫所尊重者。
‘‘Uṭṭhāhikā analasā, saṅgahitaparijjanā;
「早起者、不懒惰者、摄受眷属者;
Bhattu manāpaṃ carati, sambhataṃ anurakkhati.
「行丈夫所喜者,守护所积聚者。
‘‘Yā evaṃ vattatī nārī, bhattuchandavasānugā;
「如此行持的女人,随顺丈夫意欲者;
Manāpā nāma te devā, yattha sā upapajjatī’’ti. tatiyaṃ;
那些天人确实是可意的,她往生于彼处。」第三。
4. Sīhasenāpatisuttaṃ4. 狮子将军经
§34
Ekaṃ samayaṃ bhagavā vesāliyaṃ viharati mahāvane kūṭāgārasālāyaṃ. Atha kho sīho senāpati yena bhagavā tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā bhagavantaṃ abhivādetvā ekamantaṃ nisīdi. Ekamantaṃ nisinno kho sīho senāpati bhagavantaṃ etadavoca – ‘‘sakkā nu kho, bhante, bhagavā sandiṭṭhikaṃ dānaphalaṃ paññāpetu’’nti?
一时,世尊住在韦萨离大林重阁讲堂。时,西哈将军前往世尊所在之处;抵达后,礼敬世尊,坐于一旁。坐于一旁的西哈将军对世尊如此说道——「尊者,世尊能否施设现见的布施果报?」
‘‘Sakkā, sīhā’’ti bhagavā avoca – ‘‘dāyako, sīha, dānapati bahuno janassa piyo hoti manāpo. Yampi, sīha, dāyako dānapati bahuno janassa piyo hoti manāpo, idampi sandiṭṭhikaṃ dānaphalaṃ.
「能,西哈。」世尊说道——「西哈,施者、施主为众多人所喜爱、所喜悦。西哈,施者、施主为众多人所喜爱、所喜悦,这是现见的布施果报。
‘‘Puna caparaṃ, sīha, dāyakaṃ dānapatiṃ santo sappurisā bhajanti. Yampi, sīha, dāyakaṃ dānapatiṃ santo sappurisā bhajanti, idampi sandiṭṭhikaṃ dānaphalaṃ.
「再者,西哈,善人、善士亲近施者、施主。西哈,善人、善士亲近施者、施主,这是现见的布施果报。
‘‘Puna caparaṃ, sīha, dāyakassa dānapatino kalyāṇo kittisaddo abbhuggacchati. Yampi, sīha, dāyakassa dānapatino kalyāṇo kittisaddo abbhuggacchati, idampi sandiṭṭhikaṃ dānaphalaṃ.
「再者,西哈,施者、施主的善名声传扬开来。西哈,施者、施主的善名声传扬开来,这是现见的布施果报。
‘‘Puna caparaṃ, sīha, dāyako dānapati yaṃ yadeva parisaṃ upasaṅkamati – yadi khattiyaparisaṃ yadi brāhmaṇaparisaṃ yadi gahapatiparisaṃ yadi samaṇaparisaṃ – visārado upasaṅkamati amaṅkubhūto. Yampi, sīha, dāyako dānapati yaṃ yadeva parisaṃ upasaṅkamati – yadi khattiyaparisaṃ yadi brāhmaṇaparisaṃ yadi gahapatiparisaṃ yadi samaṇaparisaṃ – visārado upasaṅkamati amaṅkubhūto, idampi sandiṭṭhikaṃ dānaphalaṃ.
「再者,西哈,施者、施主无论前往何种集会——或刹帝利集会、或婆罗门集会、或居士集会、或沙门集会——他自信地前往,无所畏惧。西哈,施者、施主无论前往何种集会——或刹帝利集会、或婆罗门集会、或居士集会、或沙门集会——他自信地前往,无所畏惧,这是现见的布施果报。
‘‘Puna caparaṃ, sīha, dāyako dānapati kāyassa bhedā paraṃ maraṇā sugatiṃ saggaṃ lokaṃ upapajjati. Yampi, sīha, dāyako dānapati kāyassa bhedā paraṃ maraṇā sugatiṃ saggaṃ lokaṃ upapajjati, idaṃ samparāyikaṃ dānaphala’’nti.
「再者,西哈,施者、施主身坏命终后往生于善趣、天界。西哈,施者、施主身坏命终后往生于善趣、天界,这是来世的布施果报。」
Evaṃ vutte sīho senāpati bhagavantaṃ etadavoca – ‘‘yānimāni, bhante, bhagavatā cattāri sandiṭṭhikāni dānaphalāni akkhātāni, nāhaṃ ettha bhagavato saddhāya gacchāmi; ahaṃ petāni jānāmi. Ahaṃ, bhante, dāyako dānapati bahuno janassa piyo manāpo. Ahaṃ, bhante, dāyako dānapati; maṃ santo sappurisā bhajanti. Ahaṃ, bhante, dāyako dānapati; mayhaṃ kalyāṇo kittisaddo abbhuggato – ‘sīho senāpati dāyako kārako saṅghupaṭṭhāko’ti. Ahaṃ, bhante , dāyako dānapati yaṃ yadeva parisaṃ upasaṅkamāmi – yadi khattiyaparisaṃ yadi brāhmaṇaparisaṃ yadi gahapatiparisaṃ yadi samaṇaparisaṃ – visārado upasaṅkamāmi amaṅkubhūto. Yānimāni, bhante, bhagavatā cattāri sandiṭṭhikāni dānaphalāni akkhātāni, nāhaṃ ettha bhagavato saddhāya gacchāmi; ahaṃ petāni jānāmi. Yañca kho maṃ, bhante, bhagavā evamāha – ‘dāyako, sīha, dānapati kāyassa bhedā paraṃ maraṇā sugatiṃ saggaṃ lokaṃ upapajjatī’ti, etāhaṃ na jānāmi; ettha ca panāhaṃ bhagavato saddhāya gacchāmī’’ti. ‘‘Evametaṃ, sīha, evametaṃ, sīha! Dāyako dānapati kāyassa bhedā paraṃ maraṇā sugatiṃ saggaṃ lokaṃ upapajjatī’’ti.
如此说已,西哈将军对世尊如此说道——「尊者,世尊所说的这四种现见的布施果报,我在此不以对世尊的信而行;我自己知道这些。尊者,我是施者、施主,为众多人所喜爱、所喜悦。尊者,我是施者、施主;善人、善士亲近我。尊者,我是施者、施主;我的善名声已传扬开来——『西哈将军是施者、作者、僧团的供养者』。尊者,我是施者、施主,无论前往何种集会——或刹帝利集会、或婆罗门集会、或居士集会、或沙门集会——我自信地前往,无所畏惧。尊者,世尊所说的这四种现见的布施果报,我在此不以对世尊的信而行;我自己知道这些。尊者,然而世尊对我如此说——『西哈,施者、施主身坏命终后往生于善趣、天界』,这我不知道;在此我以对世尊的信而行。」「如是,西哈,如是,西哈!施者、施主身坏命终后往生于善趣、天界。」
‘‘Dadaṃ piyo hoti bhajanti naṃ bahū,
「施者为人所爱,众人亲近他,
Kittiñca pappoti yaso ca vaḍḍhati ;
获得名声,声誉增长;
Amaṅkubhūto parisaṃ vigāhati,
无慢者进入众中,
Visārado hoti naro amaccharī.
无悭吝之人成为自信者。
‘‘Tasmā hi dānāni dadanti paṇḍitā,
「因此,诸贤智者施予布施,
Vineyya maccheramalaṃ sukhesino;
调伏悭吝之垢,寻求安乐;
Te dīgharattaṃ tidive patiṭṭhitā,
他们长夜安住于三十三天,
Devānaṃ sahabyagatā ramanti te .
与诸天人共住,他们欢喜。」
‘‘Katāvakāsā katakusalā ito cutā ,
「已作空间、已作善，从此处死后，」
Sayaṃpabhā anuvicaranti nandanaṃ ;
「自发光辉，游行于难陀那园；」
Te tattha nandanti ramanti modare,
「他们在那里欢喜、欢乐、喜悦，」
Samappitā kāmaguṇehi pañcahi;
「具足五种欲功德；」
‘‘Katvāna vākyaṃ asitassa tādino,
「作了如是者阿西答的言说后，」
Ramanti sagge sugatassa sāvakā’’ti. catutthaṃ;
「善逝的诸声闻在天界欢乐。」第四。
5. Dānānisaṃsasuttaṃ5. 布施利益经
§35
‘‘Pañcime , bhikkhave, dāne ānisaṃsā. Katame pañca? Bahuno janassa piyo hoti manāpo; santo sappurisā bhajanti; kalyāṇo kittisaddo abbhuggacchati; gihidhammā anapagato hoti; kāyassa bhedā paraṃ maraṇā sugatiṃ saggaṃ lokaṃ upapajjati. Ime kho, bhikkhave, pañca dāne ānisaṃsā’’ti.
「诸比库！布施有这五种功德。哪五种？为众多人所喜爱、所喜欢；善人、善士亲近他；美好的名声传扬；不离在家人之法；身坏命终后，往生于善趣、天界。诸比库！这些是布施的五种功德。」
‘‘Dadamāno piyo hoti, sataṃ dhammaṃ anukkamaṃ;
「布施者为人所喜爱，随顺善人之法；」
Santo naṃ sadā bhajanti , saññatā brahmacārayo.
诸寂静者、诸自制者、诸梵行者常亲近他，
‘‘Te tassa dhammaṃ desenti, sabbadukkhāpanūdanaṃ;
他们为他说法，能除一切苦；
Yaṃ so dhammaṃ idhaññāya, parinibbāti anāsavo’’ti. pañcamaṃ;
他在此了知那法后，无漏而般涅槃。」
6. Kāladānasuttaṃ6. 时施经
§36
‘‘Pañcimāni, bhikkhave, kāladānāni. Katamāni pañca? Āgantukassa dānaṃ deti; gamikassa dānaṃ deti; gilānassa dānaṃ deti; dubbhikkhe dānaṃ deti; yāni tāni navasassāni navaphalāni tāni paṭhamaṃ sīlavantesu patiṭṭhāpeti. Imāni kho, bhikkhave, pañca kāladānānī’’ti.
「诸比库！这五种是适时之施。哪五种？对来者布施；对行者布施；对病者布施；在饥馑时布施；将那些新谷、新果首先供养于持戒者。诸比库！这些是五种适时之施。」
‘‘Kāle dadanti sappaññā, vadaññū vītamaccharā;
「诸有慧者适时施，慷慨者离悭吝；
Kālena dinnaṃ ariyesu, ujubhūtesu tādisu.
适时施于诸圣者，于如是正直者。
‘‘Vippasannamanā tassa, vipulā hoti dakkhiṇā;
其心极净信者，供养广大；
Ye tattha anumodanti, veyyāvaccaṃ karonti vā;
凡于此随喜者，或作服务者；
Na tena dakkhiṇā ūnā, tepi puññassa bhāgino.
因此布施不减少，他们也是福德的分享者。
‘‘Tasmā dade appaṭivānacitto, yattha dinnaṃ mahapphalaṃ;
「因此应以不退缩之心施与，在那里所施与的有大果报；
Puññāni paralokasmiṃ, patiṭṭhā honti pāṇina’’nti. chaṭṭhaṃ;
诸福德在来世，成为众生的依靠。」第六经。
9. Bhojanasuttaṃ9. 食物经
§37
‘‘Bhojanaṃ , bhikkhave, dadamāno dāyako paṭiggāhakānaṃ pañca ṭhānāni deti. Katamāni pañca? Āyuṃ deti, vaṇṇaṃ deti, sukhaṃ deti, balaṃ deti, paṭibhānaṃ deti. Āyuṃ kho pana datvā āyussa bhāgī hoti dibbassa vā mānusassa vā; vaṇṇaṃ datvā vaṇṇassa bhāgī hoti dibbassa vā mānusassa vā; sukhaṃ datvā sukhassa bhāgī hoti dibbassa vā mānusassa vā; balaṃ datvā balassa bhāgī hoti dibbassa vā mānusassa vā; paṭibhānaṃ datvā paṭibhānassa bhāgī hoti dibbassa vā mānusassa vā. Bhojanaṃ, bhikkhave, dadamāno dāyako paṭiggāhakānaṃ imāni pañca ṭhānāni detī’’ti.
「诸比库，施与食物的施者给予受者五种事物。哪五种？给予寿命，给予色，给予乐，给予力，给予辩才。给予寿命后，他成为天的或人的寿命的分享者；给予色后，他成为天的或人的色的分享者；给予乐后，他成为天的或人的乐的分享者；给予力后，他成为天的或人的力的分享者；给予辩才后，他成为天的或人的辩才的分享者。诸比库，施与食物的施者给予受者这五种事物。」
‘‘Āyudo balado dhīro, vaṇṇado paṭibhānado;
「贤智者施与寿命、施与力、施与色、施与辩才；
Sukhassa dātā medhāvī, sukhaṃ so adhigacchati.
有慧者施与乐，他获得乐。
‘‘Āyuṃ datvā balaṃ vaṇṇaṃ, sukhañca paṭibhānakaṃ ;
「施与寿命、力、色、乐与辩才，
Dīghāyu yasavā hoti, yattha yatthūpapajjatī’’ti. sattamaṃ;
无论生于何处，他长寿、有名声。」第七经。
8. Saddhasuttaṃ8. 信经
§38
‘‘Pañcime , bhikkhave, saddhe kulaputte ānisaṃsā. Katame pañca? Ye te, bhikkhave, loke santo sappurisā te saddhaññeva paṭhamaṃ anukampantā anukampanti, no tathā assaddhaṃ; saddhaññeva paṭhamaṃ upasaṅkamantā upasaṅkamanti, no tathā assaddhaṃ; saddhaññeva paṭhamaṃ paṭiggaṇhantā paṭiggaṇhanti, no tathā assaddhaṃ; saddhaññeva paṭhamaṃ dhammaṃ desentā desenti, no tathā assaddhaṃ; saddho kāyassa bhedā paraṃ maraṇā sugatiṃ saggaṃ lokaṃ upapajjati. Ime kho, bhikkhave, pañca saddhe kulaputte ānisaṃsā.
「诸比库!有信的善男子有这五种利益。哪五种?诸比库!凡世间那些寂静的善人,他们首先怜愍有信者,不如是怜愍无信者;他们首先亲近有信者,不如是亲近无信者;他们首先接受有信者,不如是接受无信者;他们首先为有信者说法,不如是为无信者说法;有信者身坏命终后往生善趣、天界。诸比库!这些是有信的善男子的五种利益。」
‘‘Seyyathāpi, bhikkhave, subhūmiyaṃ catumahāpathe mahānigrodho samantā pakkhīnaṃ paṭisaraṇaṃ hoti; evamevaṃ kho, bhikkhave, saddho kulaputto bahuno janassa paṭisaraṇaṃ hoti bhikkhūnaṃ bhikkhunīnaṃ upāsakānaṃ upāsikāna’’nti.
「诸比库!譬如在良地的四衢道,有大榕树,是诸鸟类的庇护所;同样地,诸比库!有信的善男子是许多人的庇护所——诸比库、诸比库尼、诸近事男、诸近事女。」
‘‘Sākhāpattaphalūpeto , khandhimāva mahādumo;
「具足枝叶果实,有树干的大树;」
Mūlavā phalasampanno, patiṭṭhā hoti pakkhinaṃ.
「有根、果实圆满,是诸鸟类的依止处。」
‘‘Manorame āyatane, sevanti naṃ vihaṅgamā;
「在可意的境地,诸飞鸟亲近它;」
Chāyaṃ chāyatthikā yanti, phalatthā phalabhojino.
「需要荫凉者前往荫凉处,需要果实者食用果实。」
‘‘Tatheva sīlasampannaṃ, saddhaṃ purisapuggalaṃ;
「同样地,戒具足、有信的人、」
Nivātavuttiṃ atthaddhaṃ, sorataṃ sakhilaṃ muduṃ.
「无风处行、富有、和蔼、友善、柔软。」
‘‘Vītarāgā vītadosā, vītamohā anāsavā;
「离贪、离嗔、离痴、无漏者，
Puññakkhettāni lokasmiṃ, sevanti tādisaṃ naraṃ.
是世间的福田，人们亲近这样的人。
‘‘Te tassa dhammaṃ desenti, sabbadukkhāpanūdanaṃ;
「他们为他说法，能遣除一切苦，
Yaṃ so dhammaṃ idhaññāya, parinibbāti anāsavo’’ti. aṭṭhamaṃ;
他在此了知那法后，无漏而般涅槃。」第八
9. Puttasuttaṃ9. 子经
§39
‘‘Pañcimāni , bhikkhave, ṭhānāni sampassantā mātāpitaro puttaṃ icchanti kule jāyamānaṃ. Katamāni pañca? Bhato vā no bharissati; kiccaṃ vā no karissati; kulavaṃso ciraṃ ṭhassati; dāyajjaṃ paṭipajjissati; atha vā pana petānaṃ kālaṅkatānaṃ dakkhiṇaṃ anuppadassatīti. Imāni kho, bhikkhave, pañca ṭhānāni sampassantā mātāpitaro puttaṃ icchanti kule jāyamāna’’nti.
「诸比库！父母见到这五种理由，希望儿子在家族中出生。哪五种？『他将养育我们，或他将为我们做事，家族世系将长久延续，他将继承遗产，或者他将为已故的亡者布施供养。』诸比库！父母见到这五种理由，希望儿子在家族中出生。」
‘‘Pañca ṭhānāni sampassaṃ, puttaṃ icchanti paṇḍitā;
「贤者们见到五种理由，希望有儿子：
Bhato vā no bharissati, kiccaṃ vā no karissati.
『他将养育我们，或他将为我们做事，
‘‘Kulavaṃso ciraṃ tiṭṭhe, dāyajjaṃ paṭipajjati;
「家族世系将长久延续，他将继承遗产，
Atha vā pana petānaṃ, dakkhiṇaṃ anuppadassati.
或者,他将不给予饿鬼施物。
‘‘Ṭhānānetāni sampassaṃ, puttaṃ icchanti paṇḍitā;
「见到这些利益,贤智者希求儿子;
Tasmā santo sappurisā, kataññū katavedino.
因此,善良的善人们,知恩、知报,
‘‘Bharanti mātāpitaro, pubbe katamanussaraṃ;
「供养父母,忆念先前所作;
Karonti nesaṃ kiccāni, yathā taṃ pubbakārinaṃ.
为他们做应做之事,如同他们先前所作。
‘‘Ovādakārī bhataposī, kulavaṃsaṃ ahāpayaṃ;
「教诫者、养育者,不断绝家族血统,
Saddho sīlena sampanno, putto hoti pasaṃsiyo’’ti. navamaṃ;
具信、达上,儿子值得赞叹。」第九经。
10. Mahāsālaputtasuttaṃ10. 大沙罗子经
§40
‘‘Himavantaṃ, bhikkhave, pabbatarājaṃ nissāya mahāsālā pañcahi vaḍḍhīhi vaḍḍhanti. Katamāhi pañcahi? Sākhāpattapalāsena vaḍḍhanti; tacena vaḍḍhanti; papaṭikāya vaḍḍhanti; pheggunā vaḍḍhanti; sārena vaḍḍhanti. Himavantaṃ, bhikkhave, pabbatarājaṃ nissāya mahāsālā imāhi pañcahi vaḍḍhīhi vaḍḍhanti. Evamevaṃ kho, bhikkhave, saddhaṃ kulaputtaṃ nissāya antojano pañcahi vaḍḍhīhi vaḍḍhati. Katamāhi pañcahi? Saddhāya vaḍḍhati; sīlena vaḍḍhati; sutena vaḍḍhati; cāgena vaḍḍhati; paññāya vaḍḍhati. Saddhaṃ, bhikkhave, kulaputtaṃ nissāya antojano imāhi pañcahi vaḍḍhīhi vaḍḍhatī’’ti.
「诸比库,依止雪山王,大树以五种增长而增长。以哪五种?以枝叶增长;以皮增长;以外皮增长;以软木增长;以心材增长。诸比库,依止雪山王,大树以这五种增长而增长。同样地,诸比库,依止有信的族姓子,家人以五种增长而增长。以哪五种?以信增长;以戒增长;以闻增长;以施增长;以慧增长。诸比库,依止有信的族姓子,家人以这五种增长而增长。」
‘‘Yathā hi pabbato selo, araññasmiṃ brahāvane;
「犹如山岩石，在林中大森林；
Taṃ rukkhā upanissāya, vaḍḍhante te vanappatī.
依靠那些树木，那些林树增长。
‘‘Tatheva sīlasampannaṃ, saddhaṃ kulaputtaṃ imaṃ ;
「如是具戒者，有信的善男子此；
Upanissāya vaḍḍhanti, puttadārā ca bandhavā;
依靠而增长，子女妻子及亲族；
Amaccā ñātisaṅghā ca, ye cassa anujīvino.
大臣亲戚众，以及那些依他而活者。
‘‘Tyassa sīlavato sīlaṃ, cāgaṃ sucaritāni ca;
「他们那持戒者的戒，布施及善行；
Passamānānukubbanti, ye bhavanti vicakkhaṇā.
见而随学，那些有智慧者。
‘‘Imaṃ dhammaṃ caritvāna, maggaṃ sugatigāminaṃ;
「行此法后，善趣之道；
Nandino devalokasmiṃ, modanti kāmakāmino’’ti. dasamaṃ;
在难地天界中，诸欲欲者欢喜。」第十经
Sumanavaggo catuttho. · 苏玛那品第四
Tassuddānaṃ –
其摄颂——
Sumanā cundī uggaho, sīho dānānisaṃsako;
须摩那、军地、邬伽诃、狮子、布施的功德；
Kālabhojanasaddhā ca, puttasālehi te dasāti.
适时食、信，以及儿子、沙喇，这些为十。