(16) 1. Saddhammavaggo(16) 1. 正法品
(16) 1. Saddhammavaggo(16) 1. 正法品
1. Paṭhamasammattaniyāmasuttaṃ1. 第一正性决定经
§151
‘‘Pañcahi , bhikkhave, dhammehi samannāgato suṇantopi saddhammaṃ abhabbo niyāmaṃ okkamituṃ kusalesu dhammesu sammattaṃ. Katamehi pañcahi? Kathaṃ paribhoti, kathikaṃ paribhoti, attānaṃ paribhoti, vikkhittacitto dhammaṃ suṇāti, anekaggacitto ayoniso ca manasi karoti. Imehi kho, bhikkhave, pañcahi dhammehi samannāgato suṇantopi saddhammaṃ abhabbo niyāmaṃ okkamituṃ kusalesu dhammesu sammattaṃ.
「诸比库!具足五法者,即使听闻正法,也不能在善法上趣入正性决定。哪五法?轻蔑说法,轻蔑说法者,轻蔑自己,以散乱心听法,以不专一心不如理作意。诸比库!具足这五法者,即使听闻正法,也不能在善法上趣入正性决定。」
‘‘Pañcahi, bhikkhave, dhammehi samannāgato suṇanto saddhammaṃ bhabbo niyāmaṃ okkamituṃ kusalesu dhammesu sammattaṃ. Katamehi pañcahi? Na kathaṃ paribhoti, na kathikaṃ paribhoti, na attānaṃ paribhoti, avikkhittacitto dhammaṃ suṇāti, ekaggacitto yoniso ca manasi karoti. Imehi kho, bhikkhave, pañcahi dhammehi samannāgato suṇanto saddhammaṃ bhabbo niyāmaṃ okkamituṃ kusalesu dhammesu sammatta’’nti. Paṭhamaṃ.
「诸比库!具足五法者,听闻正法时,能在善法上趣入正性决定。哪五法?不轻蔑说法,不轻蔑说法者,不轻蔑自己,以不散乱心听法,以专一心如理作意。诸比库!具足这五法者,听闻正法时,能在善法上趣入正性决定。」第一
2. Dutiyasammattaniyāmasuttaṃ2. 第二正性决定经
§152
‘‘Pañcahi, bhikkhave, dhammehi samannāgato suṇantopi saddhammaṃ abhabbo niyāmaṃ okkamituṃ kusalesu dhammesu sammattaṃ. Katamehi pañcahi? Kathaṃ paribhoti, kathikaṃ paribhoti, attānaṃ paribhoti, duppañño hoti jaḷo eḷamūgo, anaññāte aññātamānī hoti. Imehi kho , bhikkhave, pañcahi dhammehi samannāgato suṇantopi saddhammaṃ abhabbo niyāmaṃ okkamituṃ kusalesu dhammesu sammattaṃ.
「诸比库!具足五法者,即使听闻正法,也不能在善法上趣入正性决定。哪五法?轻蔑说法,轻蔑说法者,轻蔑自己,劣慧、愚钝、哑羊,对未知自认为已知。诸比库!具足这五法者,即使听闻正法,也不能在善法上趣入正性决定。」
‘‘Pañcahi , bhikkhave, dhammehi samannāgato suṇanto saddhammaṃ bhabbo niyāmaṃ okkamituṃ kusalesu dhammesu sammattaṃ. Katamehi pañcahi? Na kathaṃ paribhoti, na kathikaṃ paribhoti, na attānaṃ paribhoti, paññavā hoti ajaḷo aneḷamūgo, na anaññāte aññātamānī hoti. Imehi kho, bhikkhave, pañcahi dhammehi samannāgato suṇanto saddhammaṃ bhabbo niyāmaṃ okkamituṃ kusalesu dhammesu sammatta’’nti. Dutiyaṃ.
「诸比库!具足五法者,听闻正法时,能在善法上趣入正性决定。哪五法?不轻蔑说法,不轻蔑说法者,不轻蔑自己,有慧、不愚钝、非哑羊,不对未知自认为已知。诸比库!具足这五法者,听闻正法时,能在善法上趣入正性决定。」第二
3. Tatiyasammattaniyāmasuttaṃ3. 第三正性决定经
§153
‘‘Pañcahi, bhikkhave, dhammehi samannāgato suṇantopi saddhammaṃ abhabbo niyāmaṃ okkamituṃ kusalesu dhammesu sammattaṃ. Katamehi pañcahi? Makkhī dhammaṃ suṇāti makkhapariyuṭṭhito, upārambhacitto dhammaṃ suṇāti randhagavesī, dhammadesake āhatacitto hoti khīlajāto , duppañño hoti jaḷo eḷamūgo, anaññāte aññātamānī hoti. Imehi kho, bhikkhave, pañcahi dhammehi samannāgato suṇantopi saddhammaṃ abhabbo niyāmaṃ okkamituṃ kusalesu dhammesu sammattaṃ.
「诸比库!具足五法者,即使听闻正法,也不能在善法上趣入正性决定。哪五法?以轻蔑心听法,被轻蔑所缠缚,以挑剔心听法,寻找过失,对说法者心怀恼害,生起顽固,劣慧、愚钝、哑羊,对未知自认为已知。诸比库!具足这五法者,即使听闻正法,也不能在善法上趣入正性决定。」
‘‘Pañcahi, bhikkhave, dhammehi samannāgato suṇanto saddhammaṃ bhabbo niyāmaṃ okkamituṃ kusalesu dhammesu sammattaṃ. Katamehi pañcahi? Amakkhī dhammaṃ suṇāti na makkhapariyuṭṭhito, anupārambhacitto dhammaṃ suṇāti na randhagavesī, dhammadesake anāhatacitto hoti akhīlajāto, paññavā hoti ajaḷo aneḷamūgo, na anaññāte aññātamānī hoti. Imehi kho, bhikkhave, pañcahi dhammehi samannāgato suṇanto saddhammaṃ bhabbo niyāmaṃ okkamituṃ kusalesu dhammesu sammatta’’nti. Tatiyaṃ.
「诸比库!具足五法者,听闻正法时,能在善法上趣入正性决定。哪五法?以不轻蔑心听法,不被轻蔑所缠缚,以不挑剔心听法,不寻找过失,对说法者心不怀恼害,不生顽固,有慧、不愚钝、非哑羊,不对未知自认为已知。诸比库!具足这五法者,听闻正法时,能在善法上趣入正性决定。」第三
4. Paṭhamasaddhammasammosasuttaṃ4. 第一正法隐没经
§154
‘‘Pañcime, bhikkhave, dhammā saddhammassa sammosāya antaradhānāya saṃvattanti. Katame pañca? Idha, bhikkhave, bhikkhū na sakkaccaṃ dhammaṃ suṇanti, na sakkaccaṃ dhammaṃ pariyāpuṇanti, na sakkaccaṃ dhammaṃ dhārenti, na sakkaccaṃ dhātānaṃ dhammānaṃ atthaṃ upaparikkhanti, na sakkaccaṃ atthamaññāya dhammamaññāya dhammānudhammaṃ paṭipajjanti. Ime kho, bhikkhave, pañca dhammā saddhammassa sammosāya antaradhānāya saṃvattanti.
「诸比库!这五法导向正法的混乱与消失。哪五法?诸比库!于此,诸比库不恭敬地听法,不恭敬地学习法,不恭敬地忆持法,不恭敬地审察所持法的义理,不恭敬地知义、知法而随法行道。诸比库!这五法导向正法的混乱与消失。」
‘‘Pañcime, bhikkhave, dhammā saddhammassa ṭhitiyā asammosāya anantaradhānāya saṃvattanti. Katame pañca? Idha, bhikkhave, bhikkhū sakkaccaṃ dhammaṃ suṇanti, sakkaccaṃ dhammaṃ pariyāpuṇanti, sakkaccaṃ dhammaṃ dhārenti, sakkaccaṃ dhātānaṃ dhammānaṃ atthaṃ upaparikkhanti, sakkaccaṃ atthamaññāya dhammamaññāya dhammānudhammaṃ paṭipajjanti. Ime kho, bhikkhave, pañca dhammā saddhammassa ṭhitiyā asammosāya anantaradhānāya saṃvattantī’’ti. Catutthaṃ.
「诸比库!这五法导向正法的住立、不混乱、不消失。哪五法?诸比库!于此,诸比库恭敬地听法,恭敬地学习法,恭敬地忆持法,恭敬地审察所持法的义理,恭敬地知义、知法而随法行道。诸比库!这五法导向正法的住立、不混乱、不消失。」第四
5. Dutiyasaddhammasammosasuttaṃ5. 第二正法隐没经
§155
‘‘Pañcime, bhikkhave, dhammā saddhammassa sammosāya antaradhānāya saṃvattanti. Katame pañca? Idha, bhikkhave, bhikkhū dhammaṃ na pariyāpuṇanti – suttaṃ, geyyaṃ, veyyākaraṇaṃ, gāthaṃ, udānaṃ, itivuttakaṃ, jātakaṃ, abbhutadhammaṃ, vedallaṃ. Ayaṃ, bhikkhave, paṭhamo dhammo saddhammassa sammosāya antaradhānāya saṃvattati.
「诸比库,这五法导向正法的混乱与消失。哪五种?诸比库,这里,诸比库不学习法——经、应颂、记说、偈颂、自说、如是语、本生、未曾有法、吠陀罗。诸比库,这是导向正法的混乱与消失的第非法品。
‘‘Puna caparaṃ, bhikkhave, bhikkhū yathāsutaṃ yathāpariyattaṃ dhammaṃ na vitthārena paresaṃ desenti. Ayaṃ, bhikkhave, dutiyo dhammo saddhammassa sammosāya antaradhānāya saṃvattati.
「再者,诸比库,诸比库不如所闻、如所学地详细为他人讲说法。诸比库,这是导向正法的混乱与消失的第二法。
‘‘Puna caparaṃ, bhikkhave, bhikkhū yathāsutaṃ yathāpariyattaṃ dhammaṃ na vitthārena paraṃ vācenti. Ayaṃ, bhikkhave, tatiyo dhammo saddhammassa sammosāya antaradhānāya saṃvattati.
「再者,诸比库,诸比库不如所闻、如所学地详细使他人诵读法。诸比库,这是导向正法的混乱与消失的第三法。
‘‘Puna caparaṃ, bhikkhave, bhikkhū yathāsutaṃ yathāpariyattaṃ dhammaṃ na vitthārena sajjhāyaṃ karonti. Ayaṃ, bhikkhave, catuttho dhammo saddhammassa sammosāya antaradhānāya saṃvattati.
「再者,诸比库,诸比库不如所闻、如所学地详细背诵法。诸比库,这是导向正法的混乱与消失的第四法。
‘‘Puna caparaṃ, bhikkhave, bhikkhū yathāsutaṃ yathāpariyattaṃ dhammaṃ na cetasā anuvitakkenti anuvicārenti manasānupekkhanti. Ayaṃ, bhikkhave, pañcamo dhammo saddhammassa sammosāya antaradhānāya saṃvattati. Ime kho, bhikkhave, pañca dhammā saddhammassa sammosāya antaradhānāya saṃvattanti.
「再者,诸比库,诸比库不如所闻、如所学地以心思惟、思察、意观察法。诸比库,这是导向正法的混乱与消失的第五法。诸比库,这五法导向正法的混乱与消失。
‘‘Pañcime, bhikkhave, dhammā saddhammassa ṭhitiyā asammosāya anantaradhānāya saṃvattanti. Katame pañca? Idha, bhikkhave, bhikkhū dhammaṃ pariyāpuṇanti – suttaṃ, geyyaṃ, veyyākaraṇaṃ, gāthaṃ, udānaṃ, itivuttakaṃ, jātakaṃ, abbhutadhammaṃ, vedallaṃ. Ayaṃ, bhikkhave, paṭhamo dhammo saddhammassa ṭhitiyā asammosāya anantaradhānāya saṃvattati.
「诸比库,这五法导向正法的住立、不混乱、不消失。哪五种?诸比库,这里,诸比库学习法——经、应颂、记说、偈颂、自说、如是语、本生、未曾有法、吠陀罗。诸比库,这是导向正法的住立、不混乱、不消失的第非法品。
‘‘Puna caparaṃ, bhikkhave, bhikkhū yathāsutaṃ yathāpariyattaṃ dhammaṃ vitthārena paresaṃ desenti. Ayaṃ, bhikkhave, dutiyo dhammo saddhammassa ṭhitiyā asammosāya anantaradhānāya saṃvattati.
「再者,诸比库,诸比库如所闻、如所学地详细为他人讲说法。诸比库,这是导向正法的住立、不混乱、不消失的第二法。
‘‘Puna caparaṃ, bhikkhave, bhikkhū yathāsutaṃ yathāpariyattaṃ dhammaṃ vitthārena paraṃ vācenti. Ayaṃ, bhikkhave, tatiyo dhammo saddhammassa ṭhitiyā asammosāya anantaradhānāya saṃvattati.
「再者,诸比库,诸比库如所闻、如所学地详细使他人诵读法。诸比库,这是导向正法的住立、不混乱、不消失的第三法。
‘‘Puna caparaṃ, bhikkhave , bhikkhū yathāsutaṃ yathāpariyattaṃ dhammaṃ vitthārena sajjhāyaṃ karonti. Ayaṃ, bhikkhave, catuttho dhammo saddhammassa ṭhitiyā asammosāya anantaradhānāya saṃvattati.
「再者,诸比库,诸比库对如所闻、如所学的法作详细的诵习。诸比库,这是导致正法住立、不混乱、不消失的第四法。
‘‘Puna caparaṃ, bhikkhave, bhikkhū yathāsutaṃ yathāpariyattaṃ dhammaṃ cetasā anuvitakkenti anuvicārenti manasānupekkhanti. Ayaṃ, bhikkhave, pañcamo dhammo saddhammassa ṭhitiyā asammosāya anantaradhānāya saṃvattati. Ime kho, bhikkhave, pañca dhammā saddhammassa ṭhitiyā asammosāya anantaradhānāya saṃvattantī’’ti. Pañcamaṃ.
「再者,诸比库,诸比库对如所闻、如所学的法以心思惟、思察、意审察。诸比库,这是导致正法住立、不混乱、不消失的第五法。诸比库,这五法导致正法住立、不混乱、不消失。」第五经
6. Tatiyasaddhammasammosasuttaṃ6. 第三正法混乱经
§156
‘‘Pañcime, bhikkhave, dhammā saddhammassa sammosāya antaradhānāya saṃvattanti. Katame pañca? Idha, bhikkhave, bhikkhū duggahitaṃ suttantaṃ pariyāpuṇanti dunnikkhittehi padabyañjanehi . Dunnikkhittassa, bhikkhave, padabyañjanassa atthopi dunnayo hoti. Ayaṃ, bhikkhave, paṭhamo dhammo saddhammassa sammosāya antaradhānāya saṃvattati.
「诸比库,这五法导致正法混乱、消失。哪五个?诸比库,于此,诸比库学习错误把握的经,文句安置不善。诸比库,文句安置不善者,义理也被错误理解。诸比库,这是导致正法混乱、消失的第非法品。
‘‘Puna caparaṃ, bhikkhave, bhikkhū dubbacā honti, dovacassakaraṇehi dhammehi samannāgatā, akkhamā appadakkhiṇaggāhino anusāsaniṃ. Ayaṃ, bhikkhave, dutiyo dhammo saddhammassa sammosāya antaradhānāya saṃvattati.
「再者,诸比库,诸比库难以教诫,具足造作难以教诫的诸法,不堪忍,不恭敬地接受教诫。诸比库,这是导致正法混乱、消失的第二法。
‘‘Puna caparaṃ, bhikkhave, ye te bhikkhū bahussutā āgatāgamā dhammadharā vinayadharā mātikādharā, te na sakkaccaṃ suttantaṃ paraṃ vācenti; tesaṃ accayena chinnamūlako suttanto hoti appaṭisaraṇo. Ayaṃ, bhikkhave, tatiyo dhammo saddhammassa sammosāya antaradhānāya saṃvattati.
「再者,诸比库,那些多闻、通晓传承、持法、持律、持三十二相的诸比库,不恭敬地教导他人经典;随着他们的去世,经典成为断根的、无依怙的。诸比库,这是导致正法混乱、消失的第三法。
‘‘Puna caparaṃ, bhikkhave, therā bhikkhū bāhulikā honti sāthalikā okkamane pubbaṅgamā paviveke nikkhittadhurā , na vīriyaṃ ārabhanti appattassa pattiyā anadhigatassa adhigamāya asacchikatassa sacchikiriyāya. Tesaṃ pacchimā janatā diṭṭhānugatiṃ āpajjati. Sāpi hoti bāhulikā sāthalikā okkamane pubbaṅgamā paviveke nikkhittadhurā, na vīriyaṃ ārabhati appattassa pattiyā anadhigatassa adhigamāya asacchikatassa sacchikiriyāya. Ayaṃ, bhikkhave, catuttho dhammo saddhammassa sammosāya antaradhānāya saṃvattati.
「再者,诸比库,长老比库们奢侈、怠惰,在堕落中领先,于远离放弃责任,不发起精进以证得未证得者、获得未获得者、作证未作证者。后辈众人随学他们的见解,他们也成为奢侈、怠惰,在堕落中领先,于远离放弃责任,不发起精进以证得未证得者、获得未获得者、作证未作证者。诸比库,这是导致正法混乱、消失的第四法。
‘‘Puna caparaṃ, bhikkhave, saṅgho bhinno hoti. Saṅghe kho pana, bhikkhave, bhinne aññamaññaṃ akkosā ca honti, aññamaññaṃ paribhāsā ca honti, aññamaññaṃ parikkhepā ca honti, aññamaññaṃ pariccajanā ca honti. Tattha appasannā ceva nappasīdanti, pasannānañca ekaccānaṃ aññathattaṃ hoti. Ayaṃ, bhikkhave, pañcamo dhammo saddhammassa sammosāya antaradhānāya saṃvattati. Ime kho, bhikkhave, pañca dhammā saddhammassa sammosāya antaradhānāya saṃvattanti.
「再者,诸比库,僧团破裂。诸比库,当僧团破裂时,彼此辱骂、彼此诽谤、彼此排斥、彼此舍弃。在那里,无信者不生信,已有信者中某些人改变。诸比库,这是导致正法混乱、消失的第五法。诸比库,这五法导致正法混乱、消失。
‘‘Pañcime, bhikkhave, dhammā saddhammassa ṭhitiyā asammosāya anantaradhānāya saṃvattanti. Katame pañca? Idha, bhikkhave, bhikkhū suggahitaṃ suttantaṃ pariyāpuṇanti sunikkhittehi padabyañjanehi. Sunikkhittassa, bhikkhave, padabyañjanassa atthopi sunayo hoti. Ayaṃ, bhikkhave, paṭhamo dhammo saddhammassa ṭhitiyā asammosāya anantaradhānāya saṃvattati.
「诸比库,这五法导致正法住立、不混乱、不消失。哪五个?诸比库,于此,诸比库学习正确把握的经,文句安置善妙。诸比库,文句安置善妙者,义理也被正确理解。诸比库,这是导致正法住立、不混乱、不消失的第非法品。
‘‘Puna caparaṃ, bhikkhave, bhikkhū suvacā honti sovacassakaraṇehi dhammehi samannāgatā, khamā padakkhiṇaggāhino anusāsaniṃ. Ayaṃ, bhikkhave, dutiyo dhammo saddhammassa ṭhitiyā asammosāya anantaradhānāya saṃvattati.
「再者,诸比库!诸比库易受劝导,具足易受劝导之法,堪忍,善于接受教诫。诸比库!这是导向正法住立、不混乱、不消失的第二法。
‘‘Puna caparaṃ, bhikkhave, ye te bhikkhū bahussutā āgatāgamā dhammadharā vinayadharā mātikādharā, te sakkaccaṃ suttantaṃ paraṃ vācenti; tesaṃ accayena na chinnamūlako suttanto hoti sappaṭisaraṇo. Ayaṃ, bhikkhave, tatiyo dhammo saddhammassa ṭhitiyā asammosāya anantaradhānāya saṃvattati.
「再者,诸比库!凡那些多闻、通晓圣典、持法、持律、持三十二相的诸比库,他们恭敬地教导他人经典;在他们去世后,经典不会断根,有所依归。诸比库!这是导向正法住立、不混乱、不消失的第三法。
‘‘Puna caparaṃ, bhikkhave, therā bhikkhū na bāhulikā honti na sāthalikā, okkamane nikkhittadhurā paviveke pubbaṅgamā; vīriyaṃ ārabhanti appattassa pattiyā anadhigatassa adhigamāya asacchikatassa sacchikiriyāya. Tesaṃ pacchimā janatā diṭṭhānugatiṃ āpajjati. Sāpi hoti na bāhulikā na sāthalikā, okkamane nikkhittadhurā paviveke pubbaṅgamā, vīriyaṃ ārabhati appattassa pattiyā anadhigatassa adhigamāya asacchikatassa sacchikiriyāya. Ayaṃ, bhikkhave, catuttho dhammo saddhammassa ṭhitiyā asammosāya anantaradhānāya saṃvattati.
「再者,诸比库!诸长老比库不奢侈,不怠惰,舍弃退堕,在远离中为先导;他们为了未得之得、未达之达、未证之证而发起精进。后辈众人随学他们的见。他们也不奢侈,不怠惰,舍弃退堕,在远离中为先导,为了未得之得、未达之达、未证之证而发起精进。诸比库!这是导向正法住立、不混乱、不消失的第四法。
‘‘Puna caparaṃ, bhikkhave, saṅgho samaggo sammodamāno avivadamāno ekuddeso phāsuṃ viharati. Saṅghe kho pana, bhikkhave, samagge na ceva aññamaññaṃ akkosā honti, na ca aññamaññaṃ paribhāsā honti, na ca aññamaññaṃ parikkhepā honti, na ca aññamaññaṃ pariccajanā honti. Tattha appasannā ceva pasīdanti, pasannānañca bhiyyobhāvo hoti. Ayaṃ, bhikkhave, pañcamo dhammo saddhammassa ṭhitiyā asammosāya anantaradhānāya saṃvattati. Ime kho, bhikkhave, pañca dhammā saddhammassa ṭhitiyā asammosāya anantaradhānāya saṃvattantī’’ti. Chaṭṭhaṃ.
「再者,诸比库!僧团和合,欢喜,无诤,同诵,安乐而住。诸比库!在和合的僧团中,不会互相辱骂,不会互相诽谤,不会互相排斥,不会互相舍弃。在那里,无信者生起信心,有信者增长信心。诸比库!这是导向正法住立、不混乱、不消失的第五法。诸比库!这五法导向正法住立、不混乱、不消失。」第六经。
7. Dukkathāsuttaṃ7. 恶作经
§157
‘‘Pañcannaṃ , bhikkhave, puggalānaṃ kathā dukkathā puggale puggalaṃ upanidhāya. Katamesaṃ pañcannaṃ? Assaddhassa, bhikkhave, saddhākathā dukkathā; dussīlassa sīlakathā dukkathā; appassutassa bāhusaccakathā dukkathā; maccharissa cāgakathā dukkathā; duppaññassa paññākathā dukkathā.
「诸比库!对五种人说法是难说的,以人对人而言。哪五种?诸比库!对无信者说信之法是难说的;对破戒者说戒之法是难说的;对少闻者说多闻之法是难说的;对悭吝者说布施之法是难说的;对劣慧者说慧之法是难说的。
‘‘Kasmā ca, bhikkhave, assaddhassa saddhākathā dukkathā? Assaddho, bhikkhave, saddhākathāya kacchamānāya abhisajjati kuppati byāpajjati patitthīyati kopañca dosañca appaccayañca pātukaroti. Taṃ kissa hetu? Tañhi so, bhikkhave, saddhāsampadaṃ attani na samanupassati , na ca labhati tatonidānaṃ pītipāmojjaṃ. Tasmā assaddhassa saddhākathā dukkathā.
「诸比库!为何对无信者说信之法是难说的?诸比库!无信者在被说信之法时,会恼怒、生气、忿恨、固执,显示愤怒、嗔恨、不满。那是什么原因?诸比库!因为他在自己身上看不到信的成就,也不能从那里获得喜悦。因此,对无信者说信之法是难说的。
‘‘Kasmā ca, bhikkhave, dussīlassa sīlakathā dukkathā? Dussīlo, bhikkhave, sīlakathāya kacchamānāya abhisajjati kuppati byāpajjati patitthīyati kopañca dosañca appaccayañca pātukaroti. Taṃ kissa hetu? Tañhi so , bhikkhave, sīlasampadaṃ attani na samanupassati na ca labhati tatonidānaṃ pītipāmojjaṃ. Tasmā dussīlassa sīlakathā dukkathā.
「诸比库!为何对破戒者说戒之法是难说的?诸比库!破戒者在被说戒之法时,会恼怒、生气、忿恨、固执,显示愤怒、嗔恨、不满。那是什么原因?诸比库!因为他在自己身上看不到戒的成就,也不能从那里获得喜悦。因此,对破戒者说戒之法是难说的。
‘‘Kasmā ca, bhikkhave, appassutassa bāhusaccakathā dukkathā? Appassuto, bhikkhave, bāhusaccakathāya kacchamānāya abhisajjati kuppati byāpajjati patitthīyati kopañca dosañca appaccayañca pātukaroti. Taṃ kissa hetu? Tañhi so, bhikkhave, sutasampadaṃ attani na samanupassati, na ca labhati tatonidānaṃ pītipāmojjaṃ. Tasmā appassutassa bāhusaccakathā dukkathā.
「诸比库!为何对少闻者说多闻之法是难说的?诸比库!少闻者在被说多闻之法时,会恼怒、生气、忿恨、固执,显示愤怒、嗔恨、不满。那是什么原因?诸比库!因为他在自己身上看不到闻的成就,也不能从那里获得喜悦。因此,对少闻者说多闻之法是难说的。
‘‘Kasmā ca, bhikkhave, maccharissa cāgakathā dukkathā? Maccharī, bhikkhave, cāgakathāya kacchamānāya abhisajjati kuppati byāpajjati patitthīyati kopañca dosañca appaccayañca pātukaroti . Taṃ kissa hetu? Tañhi so, bhikkhave, cāgasampadaṃ attani na samanupassati na ca labhati tatonidānaṃ pītipāmojjaṃ. Tasmā maccharissa cāgakathā dukkathā.
「诸比库,为何对悭吝者谈论布施是难谈的?诸比库,悭吝者当被谈论布施时,他会恼怒、生气、嗔恨、固执,显示愤怒、嗔恨和不满。那是什么原因?诸比库,因为他在自己身上看不到布施的成就,也不能从那因缘获得喜悦。因此,对悭吝者谈论布施是难谈的。」
‘‘Kasmā ca, bhikkhave, duppaññassa paññākathā dukkathā? Duppañño, bhikkhave, paññākathāya kacchamānāya abhisajjati kuppati byāpajjati patitthīyati kopañca dosañca appaccayañca pātukaroti. Taṃ kissa hetu? Tañhi so, bhikkhave, paññāsampadaṃ attani na samanupassati, na ca labhati tatonidānaṃ pītipāmojjaṃ. Tasmā duppaññassa paññākathā dukkathā. Imesaṃ kho, bhikkhave, pañcannaṃ puggalānaṃ kathā dukkathā puggale puggalaṃ upanidhāya.
「诸比库,为何对劣慧者谈论慧是难谈的?诸比库,劣慧者当被谈论慧时,他会恼怒、生气、嗔恨、固执,显示愤怒、嗔恨和不满。那是什么原因?诸比库,因为他在自己身上看不到慧的成就,也不能从那因缘获得喜悦。因此,对劣慧者谈论慧是难谈的。诸比库,对这五种人谈论是难谈的,依人对人而言。」
‘‘Pañcannaṃ, bhikkhave, puggalānaṃ kathā sukathā puggale puggalaṃ upanidhāya. Katamesaṃ pañcannaṃ? Saddhassa, bhikkhave, saddhākathā sukathā; sīlavato sīlakathā sukathā; bahussutassa bāhusaccakathā sukathā; cāgavato cāgakathā sukathā; paññavato paññākathā sukathā.
「诸比库,对五种人谈论是善谈的,依人对人而言。哪五种?诸比库,对有信者谈论信是善谈的;对持戒者谈论戒是善谈的;对多闻者谈论多闻是善谈的;对乐施者谈论布施是善谈的;对有慧者谈论慧是善谈的。」
‘‘Kasmā ca, bhikkhave, saddhassa saddhākathā sukathā? Saddho, bhikkhave, saddhākathāya kacchamānāya nābhisajjati na kuppati na byāpajjati na patitthīyati na kopañca dosañca appaccayañca pātukaroti. Taṃ kissa hetu? Tañhi so, bhikkhave, saddhāsampadaṃ attani samanupassati labhati ca tatonidānaṃ pītipāmojjaṃ . Tasmā saddhassa saddhākathā sukathā.
「诸比库,为何对有信者谈论信是善谈的?诸比库,有信者当被谈论信时,他不会恼怒、不会生气、不会嗔恨、不会固执,不会显示愤怒、嗔恨和不满。那是什么原因?诸比库,因为他在自己身上看到信的成就,也能从那因缘获得喜悦。因此,对有信者谈论信是善谈的。」
‘‘Kasmā ca, bhikkhave, sīlavato sīlakathā sukathā? Sīlavā, bhikkhave, sīlakathāya kacchamānāya nābhisajjati na kuppati na byāpajjati na patitthīyati na kopañca dosañca appaccayañca pātukaroti. Taṃ kissa hetu? Tañhi so, bhikkhave, sīlasampadaṃ attani samanupassati, labhati ca tatonidānaṃ pītipāmojjaṃ. Tasmā sīlavato sīlakathā sukathā.
「诸比库,为何对持戒者谈论戒是善谈的?诸比库,持戒者当被谈论戒时,他不会恼怒、不会生气、不会嗔恨、不会固执,不会显示愤怒、嗔恨和不满。那是什么原因?诸比库,因为他在自己身上看到戒的成就,也能从那因缘获得喜悦。因此,对持戒者谈论戒是善谈的。」
‘‘Kasmā ca, bhikkhave, bahussutassa bāhusaccakathā sukathā? Bahussuto, bhikkhave, bāhusaccakathāya kacchamānāya nābhisajjati na kuppati na byāpajjati na patitthīyati na kopañca dosañca appaccayañca pātukaroti. Taṃ kissa hetu? Tañhi so, bhikkhave, sutasampadaṃ attani samanupassati, labhati ca tatonidānaṃ pītipāmojjaṃ. Tasmā bahussutassa bāhusaccakathā sukathā.
「诸比库,为何对多闻者谈论多闻是善谈的?诸比库,多闻者当被谈论多闻时,他不会恼怒、不会生气、不会嗔恨、不会固执,不会显示愤怒、嗔恨和不满。那是什么原因?诸比库,因为他在自己身上看到所闻的成就,也能从那因缘获得喜悦。因此,对多闻者谈论多闻是善谈的。」
‘‘Kasmā ca, bhikkhave, cāgavato cāgakathā sukathā? Cāgavā, bhikkhave, cāgakathāya kacchamānāya nābhisajjati na kuppati na byāpajjati na patitthīyati na kopañca dosañca appaccayañca pātukaroti. Taṃ kissa hetu? Tañhi so, bhikkhave, cāgasampadaṃ attani samanupassati, labhati ca tatonidānaṃ pītipāmojjaṃ. Tasmā cāgavato cāgakathā sukathā.
「诸比库,为何对乐施者谈论布施是善谈的?诸比库,乐施者当被谈论布施时,他不会恼怒、不会生气、不会嗔恨、不会固执,不会显示愤怒、嗔恨和不满。那是什么原因?诸比库,因为他在自己身上看到布施的成就,也能从那因缘获得喜悦。因此,对乐施者谈论布施是善谈的。」
‘‘Kasmā ca, bhikkhave, paññavato paññākathā sukathā? Paññavā, bhikkhave, paññākathāya kacchamānāya nābhisajjati na kuppati na byāpajjati na patitthīyati na kopañca dosañca appaccayañca pātukaroti. Taṃ kissa hetu? Tañhi so, bhikkhave, paññāsampadaṃ attani samanupassati labhati ca tatonidānaṃ pītipāmojjaṃ. Tasmā paññavato paññākathā sukathā. Imesaṃ kho, bhikkhave, pañcannaṃ puggalānaṃ kathā sukathā puggale puggalaṃ upanidhāyā’’ti. Sattamaṃ.
「诸比库,为何对有慧者谈论慧是善谈的?诸比库,有慧者当被谈论慧时,他不会恼怒、不会生气、不会嗔恨、不会固执,不会显示愤怒、嗔恨和不满。那是什么原因?诸比库,因为他在自己身上看到慧的成就,也能从那因缘获得喜悦。因此,对有慧者谈论慧是善谈的。诸比库,对这五种人谈论是善谈的,依人对人而言。」第七经
8. Sārajjasuttaṃ8. 羞愧经
§158
‘‘Pañcahi, bhikkhave, dhammehi samannāgato bhikkhu sārajjaṃ okkanto hoti. Katamehi pañcahi? Idha, bhikkhave, bhikkhu assaddho hoti, dussīlo hoti, appassuto hoti, kusīto hoti, dupañño hoti. Imehi kho, bhikkhave, pañcahi, dhammehi samannāgato bhikkhu sārajjaṃ okkanto hoti.
「诸比库,具足五法的比库已陷入怯弱。哪五种?诸比库,这里,比库无信,破戒,少闻,懈怠,劣慧。诸比库,具足这五法的比库已陷入怯弱。
‘‘Pañcahi , bhikkhave, dhammehi samannāgato bhikkhu visārado hoti. Katamehi pañcahi? Idha, bhikkhave, bhikkhu saddho hoti, sīlavā hoti, bahussuto hoti, āraddhavīriyo hoti, paññavā hoti. Imehi kho, bhikkhave, pañcahi dhammehi samannāgato bhikkhu visārado hotī’’ti. Aṭṭhamaṃ.
「诸比库,具足五法的比库无所畏惧。哪五种?诸比库,这里,比库有信,持戒,多闻,精进勤奋,有慧。诸比库,具足这五法的比库无所畏惧。」第八经。
9. Udāyīsuttaṃ9. 伍答夷经
§159
Evaṃ me sutaṃ – ekaṃ samayaṃ bhagavā kosambiyaṃ viharati ghositārāme. Tena kho pana samayena āyasmā udāyī mahatiyā gihiparisāya parivuto dhammaṃ desento nisinno hoti. Addasā kho āyasmā ānando āyasmantaṃ udāyiṃ mahatiyā gihiparisāya parivutaṃ dhammaṃ desentaṃ nisinnaṃ. Disvā yena bhagavā tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā bhagavantaṃ abhivādetvā ekamantaṃ nisīdi. Ekamantaṃ nisinno kho āyasmā ānando bhagavantaṃ etadavoca – ‘‘āyasmā, bhante, udāyī mahatiyā gihiparisāya parivuto dhammaṃ desetī’’ti .
如是我闻——一时,世尊住在国桑比城瞿师多园。尔时,具寿伍达夷被大在家众围绕而坐着说法。具寿阿难看见具寿伍达夷被大在家众围绕而坐着说法。看见后,前往世尊处;抵达后,礼敬世尊,在一旁坐下。在一旁坐下的具寿阿难对世尊如此说:「尊者,具寿伍达夷被大在家众围绕而说法。」
‘‘Na kho, ānanda , sukaraṃ paresaṃ dhammaṃ desetuṃ. Paresaṃ, ānanda, dhammaṃ desentena pañca dhamme ajjhattaṃ upaṭṭhāpetvā paresaṃ dhammo desetabbo. Katame pañca? ‘Anupubbiṃ kathaṃ kathessāmī’ti paresaṃ dhammo desetabbo; ‘pariyāyadassāvī kathaṃ kathessāmī’ti paresaṃ dhammo desetabbo; ‘anuddayataṃ paṭicca kathaṃ kathessāmī’ti paresaṃ dhammo desetabbo; ‘na āmisantaro kathaṃ kathessāmī’ti paresaṃ dhammo desetabbo; ‘attānañca parañca anupahacca kathaṃ kathessāmī’ti paresaṃ dhammo desetabbo. Na kho, ānanda, sukaraṃ paresaṃ dhammaṃ desetuṃ. Paresaṃ, ānanda, dhammaṃ desentena ime pañca dhamme ajjhattaṃ upaṭṭhāpetvā paresaṃ dhammo desetabbo’’ti. Navamaṃ.
「阿难,为他人说法并不容易。阿难,为他人说法者,应在内确立五法后才为他人说法。哪五种?『我将次第地说法』——应如此为他人说法;『我将显示理趣地说法』——应如此为他人说法;『我将以悲悯为缘地说法』——应如此为他人说法;『我将不为利养地说法』——应如此为他人说法;『我将不伤害自己与他人地说法』——应如此为他人说法。阿难,为他人说法并不容易。阿难,为他人说法者,应在内确立这五法后才为他人说法。」第九经。
10. Duppaṭivinodayasuttaṃ10. 难以遣除经
§160
‘‘Pañcime, bhikkhave, uppannā duppaṭivinodayā. Katame pañca? Uppanno rāgo duppaṭivinodayo, uppanno doso duppaṭivinodayo, uppanno moho duppaṭivinodayo, uppannaṃ paṭibhānaṃ duppaṭivinodayaṃ, uppannaṃ gamikacittaṃ duppaṭivinodayaṃ. Ime kho, bhikkhave, pañca uppannā duppaṭivinodayā’’ti. Dasamaṃ.
「诸比库,这五种已生起者难以遣除。哪五种?已生起的贪难以遣除,已生起的嗔难以遣除,已生起的痴难以遣除,已生起的辩才难以遣除,已生起的游行心难以遣除。诸比库,这五种已生起者难以遣除。」第十经。
Saddhammavaggo paṭhamo. · 正法品第一
Tassuddānaṃ –
其摄颂——
Tayo sammattaniyāmā, tayo saddhammasammosā;
「三种正性决定,三种正法混乱;
Dukkathā ceva sārajjaṃ, udāyidubbinodayāti.
难说与怯弱,伍达夷与难遣除。」