(13) 3. Gilānavaggo(13) 3. 病品
(13) 3. Gilānavaggo(13) 3. 病品
1. Gilānasuttaṃ1. 病经
§121
Ekaṃ samayaṃ bhagavā vesāliyaṃ viharati mahāvane kūṭāgārasālāyaṃ. Atha kho bhagavā sāyanhasamayaṃ paṭisallānā vuṭṭhito yena gilānasālā tenupasaṅkami. Addasā kho bhagavā aññataraṃ bhikkhuṃ dubbalaṃ gilānakaṃ; disvā paññatte āsane nisīdi. Nisajja kho bhagavā bhikkhū āmantesi –
一时,世尊住在韦萨离大林重阁讲堂。尔时,世尊于傍晚时分从独坐中起来,前往病房。世尊看见某位虚弱的病比库;看见后,在设置好的座位上坐下。坐下后,世尊对诸比库说——
‘‘Yaṃ kiñci , bhikkhave, bhikkhuṃ dubbalaṃ gilānakaṃ pañca dhammā na vijahanti, tassetaṃ pāṭikaṅkhaṃ – ‘nacirasseva āsavānaṃ khayā anāsavaṃ cetovimuttiṃ paññāvimuttiṃ diṭṭheva dhamme sayaṃ abhiññā sacchikatvā upasampajja viharissatī’’’ti.
「诸比库,任何虚弱的病比库,若五法不舍离,应可期待:『不久,以诸漏尽,于现法自己以证智作证、具足后,住于无漏的心解脱、慧解脱。』」
‘‘Katame pañca? Idha, bhikkhave, bhikkhu asubhānupassī kāye viharati, āhāre paṭikūlasaññī, sabbaloke anabhiratasaññī , sabbasaṅkhāresu aniccānupassī, maraṇasaññā kho panassa ajjhattaṃ sūpaṭṭhitā hoti. Yaṃ kiñci, bhikkhave, bhikkhuṃ dubbalaṃ gilānakaṃ ime pañca dhammā na vijahanti, tassetaṃ pāṭikaṅkhaṃ – ‘nacirasseva āsavānaṃ khayā…pe… sacchikatvā upasampajja viharissatī’’’ti. Paṭhamaṃ.
「哪五种?诸比库,于此,比库于身随观须跋而住,于食物有厌逆想,于一切世间有不喜乐想,于一切诸行随观无常,而且死想于内善现起。诸比库,任何虚弱的病比库,若这五法不舍离,应可期待:『不久,以诸漏尽……乃至……作证、具足后而住。』」第一。
2. Satisūpaṭṭhitasuttaṃ2. 念现起经
§122
‘‘Yo hi koci, bhikkhave, bhikkhu vā bhikkhunī vā pañca dhamme bhāveti pañca dhamme bahulīkaroti, tassa dvinnaṃ phalānaṃ aññataraṃ phalaṃ pāṭikaṅkhaṃ – diṭṭheva dhamme aññā, sati vā upādisese anāgāmitā.
「诸比库,任何比库或比库尼,若修习五法、多修习五法,应可期待两种果之一果:于现法得究竟智,或若有余依则得不来果。
‘‘Katame pañca? Idha, bhikkhave, bhikkhuno ajjhattaññeva sati sūpaṭṭhitā hoti dhammānaṃ udayatthagāminiyā paññāya, asubhānupassī kāye viharati, āhāre paṭikūlasaññī, sabbaloke anabhiratasaññī, sabbasaṅkhāresu aniccānupassī. Yo hi koci, bhikkhave, bhikkhu vā bhikkhunī vā ime pañca dhamme bhāveti ime pañca dhamme bahulīkaroti, tassa dvinnaṃ phalānaṃ aññataraṃ phalaṃ pāṭikaṅkhaṃ – diṭṭheva dhamme aññā, sati vā upādisese anāgāmitā’’ti. Dutiyaṃ.
「哪五种?诸比库,于此,比库于内善现起念,以导向诸法生灭的慧,于身随观须跋而住,于食物有厌逆想,于一切世间有不喜乐想,于一切诸行随观无常。诸比库,任何比库或比库尼,若修习这五法、多修习这五法,应可期待两种果之一果:于现法得究竟智,或若有余依则得不来果。」第二。
3. Paṭhamaupaṭṭhākasuttaṃ3. 第一看护者经
§123
‘‘Pañcahi, bhikkhave, dhammehi samannāgato gilāno dūpaṭṭhāko hoti. Katamehi pañcahi? Asappāyakārī hoti, sappāye mattaṃ na jānāti, bhesajjaṃ nappaṭisevitā hoti, atthakāmassa gilānupaṭṭhākassa na yathābhūtaṃ ābādhaṃ āvikattā hoti abhikkamantaṃ vā abhikkamatīti paṭikkamantaṃ vā paṭikkamatīti ṭhitaṃ vā ṭhitoti, uppannānaṃ sārīrikānaṃ vedanānaṃ dukkhānaṃ tibbānaṃ kharānaṃ kaṭukānaṃ asātānaṃ amanāpānaṃ pāṇaharānaṃ anadhivāsakajātiko hoti. Imehi kho, bhikkhave, pañcahi dhammehi samannāgato gilāno dūpaṭṭhāko hoti.
「诸比库,具足五法的病人难以看护。哪五种?作不适宜之事,于适宜不知节量,不服用药物,对希望利益的看护病人者不如实告知病情:增进时说『正在增进』,减退时说『正在减退』,稳定时说『稳定』,对已生起的身体诸受——苦的、强烈的、粗重的、辛辣的、不可意的、不愉快的、夺命的——是不能忍受的性质。诸比库,具足这五法的病人难以看护。
‘‘Pañcahi, bhikkhave, dhammehi samannāgato gilāno sūpaṭṭhāko hoti. Katamehi pañcahi? Sappāyakārī hoti, sappāye mattaṃ jānāti, bhesajjaṃ paṭisevitā hoti, atthakāmassa gilānupaṭṭhākassa yathābhūtaṃ ābādhaṃ āvikattā hoti abhikkamantaṃ vā abhikkamatīti paṭikkamantaṃ vā paṭikkamatīti ṭhitaṃ vā ṭhitoti, uppannānaṃ sārīrikānaṃ vedanānaṃ dukkhānaṃ tibbānaṃ kharānaṃ kaṭukānaṃ asātānaṃ amanāpānaṃ pāṇaharānaṃ adhivāsakajātiko hoti. Imehi kho, bhikkhave, pañcahi dhammehi samannāgato gilāno sūpaṭṭhāko hotī’’ti. Tatiyaṃ.
「诸比库,具足五法的病人易于看护。哪五种?作适宜之事,于适宜知节量,服用药物,对希望利益的看护病人者如实告知病情:增进时说『正在增进』,减退时说『正在减退』,稳定时说『稳定』,对已生起的身体诸受——苦的、强烈的、粗重的、辛辣的、不可意的、不愉快的、夺命的——是能忍受的性质。诸比库,具足这五法的病人易于看护。」第三。
4. Dutiyaupaṭṭhākasuttaṃ4. 第二看护者经
§124
‘‘Pañcahi, bhikkhave, dhammehi samannāgato gilānupaṭṭhāko nālaṃ gilānaṃ upaṭṭhātuṃ. Katamehi pañcahi? Nappaṭibalo hoti bhesajjaṃ saṃvidhātuṃ; sappāyāsappāyaṃ na jānāti, asappāyaṃ upanāmeti, sappāyaṃ apanāmeti; āmisantaro gilānaṃ upaṭṭhāti, no mettacitto ; jegucchī hoti uccāraṃ vā passāvaṃ vā vantaṃ vā kheḷaṃ vā nīharituṃ; nappaṭibalo hoti gilānaṃ kālena kālaṃ dhammiyā kathāya sandassetuṃ samādapetuṃ samuttejetuṃ sampahaṃsetuṃ. Imehi kho, bhikkhave, pañcahi dhammehi samannāgato gilānupaṭṭhāko nālaṃ gilānaṃ upaṭṭhātuṃ.
「诸比库,具足五法的看护病人者不能看护病人。哪五种?不能准备药物;不知适宜与不适宜,呈上不适宜的,撤去适宜的;为了利养而看护病人,不是以慈心;厌恶搬运大便、小便、呕吐物或痰;不能适时以法语对病人指示、劝导、鼓励、使之欢喜。诸比库,具足这五法的看护病人者不能看护病人。
‘‘Pañcahi, bhikkhave, dhammehi samannāgato gilānupaṭṭhāko alaṃ gilānaṃ upaṭṭhātuṃ. Katamehi pañcahi? Paṭibalo hoti bhesajjaṃ saṃvidhātuṃ; sappāyāsappāyaṃ jānāti, asappāyaṃ apanāmeti, sappāyaṃ upanāmeti; mettacitto gilānaṃ upaṭṭhāti, no āmisantaro; ajegucchī hoti uccāraṃ vā passāvaṃ vā vantaṃ vā kheḷaṃ vā nīharituṃ; paṭibalo hoti gilānaṃ kālena kālaṃ dhammiyā kathāya sandassetuṃ samādapetuṃ samuttejetuṃ sampahaṃsetuṃ. Imehi kho, bhikkhave, pañcahi dhammehi samannāgato gilānupaṭṭhāko alaṃ gilānaṃ upaṭṭhātu’’nti. Catutthaṃ.
「诸比库!具足五法的看护病人者,足以看护病人。哪五种?能够配制药物;知道适当与不适当,除去不适当的,提供适当的;以慈心看护病人,不为利养;不厌恶搬运大便、小便、呕吐物或痰;能够时时以法语示导、劝导、鼓励、使病人欢喜。诸比库!具足这五法的看护病人者,足以看护病人。」第四经
5. Paṭhamaanāyussāsuttaṃ5. 第一无寿行经
§125
‘‘Pañcime , bhikkhave, dhammā anāyussā. Katame pañca? Asappāyakārī hoti, sappāye mattaṃ na jānāti, apariṇatabhojī ca hoti, akālacārī ca hoti, abrahmacārī ca. Ime kho, bhikkhave, pañca dhammā anāyussā.
「诸比库!这五法导致短寿。哪五种?作不适当的事,于适当的不知节制,食用未消化的食物,非时行,非梵行者。诸比库!这五法导致短寿。
‘‘Pañcime, bhikkhave, dhammā āyussā. Katame pañca? Sappāyakārī hoti, sappāye mattaṃ jānāti, pariṇatabhojī ca hoti, kālacārī ca hoti, brahmacārī ca. Ime kho, bhikkhave, pañca dhammā āyussā’’ti. Pañcamaṃ.
「诸比库!这五法导致长寿。哪五种?作适当的事,于适当的知节制,食用已消化的食物,适时行,梵行者。诸比库!这五法导致长寿。」第五经
6. Dutiyaanāyussāsuttaṃ6. 第二无寿行经
§126
‘‘Pañcime, bhikkhave, dhammā anāyussā. Katame pañca? Asappāyakārī hoti, sappāye mattaṃ na jānāti, apariṇatabhojī ca hoti, dussīlo ca, pāpamitto ca. Ime kho, bhikkhave, pañca dhammā anāyussā.
「诸比库!这五法导致短寿。哪五种?作不适当的事,于适当的不知节制,食用未消化的食物,破戒者,恶友。诸比库!这五法导致短寿。
‘‘Pañcime, bhikkhave, dhammā āyussā. Katame pañca ? Sappāyakārī hoti, sappāye mattaṃ jānāti, pariṇatabhojī ca hoti, sīlavā ca, kalyāṇamitto ca. Ime kho, bhikkhave, pañca dhammā āyussā’’ti. Chaṭṭhaṃ.
「诸比库!这五法导致长寿。哪五种?作适当的事,于适当的知节制,食用已消化的食物,持戒者,善友。诸比库!这五法导致长寿。」第六经
7. Vapakāsasuttaṃ7. 播种经
§127
‘‘Pañcahi, bhikkhave, dhammehi samannāgato bhikkhu nālaṃ saṅghamhā vapakāsituṃ . Katamehi pañcahi? Idha, bhikkhave, bhikkhu asantuṭṭho hoti itarītarena cīvarena, asantuṭṭho hoti itarītarena piṇḍapātena, asantuṭṭho hoti itarītarena senāsanena, asantuṭṭho hoti itarītarena gilānappaccayabhesajjaparikkhārena, kāmasaṅkappabahulo ca viharati. Imehi kho, bhikkhave, pañcahi dhammehi samannāgato bhikkhu nālaṃ saṅghamhā vapakāsituṃ.
「诸比库!具足五法的比库,不足以从僧团独居。哪五种?诸比库!这里,比库对任何衣不知足,对任何钵食不知足,对任何住所不知足,对任何病人所需药物资具不知足,多住于欲寻。诸比库!具足这五法的比库,不足以从僧团独居。
‘‘Pañcahi, bhikkhave, dhammehi samannāgato bhikkhu alaṃ saṅghamhā vapakāsituṃ. Katamehi pañcahi? Idha , bhikkhave, bhikkhu santuṭṭho hoti itarītarena cīvarena, santuṭṭho hoti itarītarena piṇḍapātena, santuṭṭho hoti itarītarena senāsanena, santuṭṭho hoti itarītarena gilānappaccayabhesajjaparikkhārena , nekkhammasaṅkappabahulo ca viharati. Imehi kho, bhikkhave, pañcahi dhammehi samannāgato bhikkhu alaṃ saṅghamhā vapakāsitu’’nti. Sattamaṃ.
「诸比库!具足五法的比库,足以从僧团独居。哪五种?诸比库!这里,比库对任何衣知足,对任何钵食知足,对任何住所知足,对任何病人所需药物资具知足,多住于出离寻。诸比库!具足这五法的比库,足以从僧团独居。」第七经
8. Samaṇasukhasuttaṃ8. 沙门乐经
§128
‘‘Pañcimāni, bhikkhave, samaṇadukkhāni. Katamāni pañca? Idha, bhikkhave, bhikkhu asantuṭṭho hoti itarītarena cīvarena, asantuṭṭho hoti itarītarena piṇḍapātena, asantuṭṭho hoti itarītarena senāsanena, asantuṭṭho hoti itarītarena gilānappaccayabhesajjaparikkhārena, anabhirato ca brahmacariyaṃ carati. Imāni kho, bhikkhave, pañca samaṇadukkhāni.
「诸比库!这是五种沙门之苦。哪五种?诸比库!这里,比库对任何衣不知足,对任何钵食不知足,对任何住所不知足,对任何病人所需药物资具不知足,不乐而行梵行。诸比库!这是五种沙门之苦。
‘‘Pañcimāni, bhikkhave, samaṇasukhāni. Katamāni pañca? Idha, bhikkhave, bhikkhu santuṭṭho hoti itarītarena cīvarena, santuṭṭho hoti itarītarena piṇḍapātena, santuṭṭho hoti itarītarena senāsanena, santuṭṭho hoti itarītarena gilānappaccayabhesajjaparikkhārena, abhirato ca brahmacariyaṃ carati. Imāni kho, bhikkhave, pañca samaṇasukhānī’’ti. Aṭṭhamaṃ.
「诸比库,这五种是沙门乐。哪五种?诸比库,这里,比库对任何衣满足,对任何钵食满足,对任何坐卧处满足,对任何病缘药资具满足,并且喜乐地行梵行。诸比库,这些是五种沙门乐。」第八经。
9. Parikuppasuttaṃ9. 动摇经
§129
‘‘Pañcime, bhikkhave, āpāyikā nerayikā parikuppā atekicchā. Katame pañca? Mātā jīvitā voropitā hoti, pitā jīvitā voropito hoti, arahaṃ jīvitā voropito hoti, tathāgatassa duṭṭhena cittena lohitaṃ uppāditaṃ hoti, saṅgho bhinno hoti. Ime kho, bhikkhave, pañca āpāyikā nerayikā parikuppā atekicchā’’ti. Navamaṃ.
「诸比库,这五种是堕恶趣者、堕地狱者、不可救治者、无可救药者。哪五种?母亲被夺去生命,父亲被夺去生命,阿拉汉被夺去生命,以恶心令如来出血,僧团被破。诸比库,这五种是堕恶趣者、堕地狱者、不可救治者、无可救药者。」第九经。
10. Byasanasuttaṃ10. 灾难经
§130
‘‘Pañcimāni , bhikkhave, byasanāni. Katamāni pañca? Ñātibyasanaṃ, bhogabyasanaṃ, rogabyasanaṃ, sīlabyasanaṃ, diṭṭhibyasanaṃ. Na, bhikkhave, sattā ñātibyasanahetu vā bhogabyasanahetu vā rogabyasanahetu vā kāyassa bhedā paraṃ maraṇā apāyaṃ duggatiṃ vinipātaṃ nirayaṃ upapajjanti. Sīlabyasanahetu vā, bhikkhave, sattā diṭṭhibyasanahetu vā kāyassa bhedā paraṃ maraṇā apāyaṃ duggatiṃ vinipātaṃ nirayaṃ upapajjanti. Imāni kho, bhikkhave, pañca byasanāni.
「诸比库,这五种是失坏。哪五种?亲族失坏、财富失坏、疾病失坏、戒失坏、见失坏。诸比库,众生不会因亲族失坏之因,或因财富失坏之因,或因疾病失坏之因,身坏命终后投生到恶趣、恶趣、堕处、地狱。诸比库,众生因戒失坏之因,或因见失坏之因,身坏命终后投生到恶趣、恶趣、堕处、地狱。诸比库,这些是五种失坏。
‘‘Pañcimā, bhikkhave, sampadā. Katamā pañca? Ñātisampadā, bhogasampadā, ārogyasampadā, sīlasampadā, diṭṭhisampadā. Na, bhikkhave, sattā ñātisampadāhetu vā bhogasampadāhetu vā ārogyasampadāhetu vā kāyassa bhedā paraṃ maraṇā sugatiṃ saggaṃ lokaṃ upapajjanti. Sīlasampadāhetu vā, bhikkhave, sattā diṭṭhisampadāhetu vā kāyassa bhedā paraṃ maraṇā sugatiṃ saggaṃ lokaṃ upapajjanti. Imā kho, bhikkhave, pañca sampadā’’ti. Dasamaṃ.
「诸比库,这五种是成就。哪五种?亲族成就、财富成就、健康成就、戒成就、见成就。诸比库,众生不会因亲族成就之因,或因财富成就之因,或因健康成就之因,身坏命终后投生到善趣、天界。诸比库,众生因戒成就之因,或因见成就之因,身坏命终后投生到善趣、天界。诸比库,这些是五种成就。」第十经。
Gilānavaggo tatiyo. · 病品第三
Tassuddānaṃ –
其摄颂:
Gilāno satisūpaṭṭhi, dve upaṭṭhākā duvāyusā;
病者念现起,二种看护者二寿;
Vapakāsasamaṇasukhā, parikuppaṃ byasanena cāti.
瓦巴咖沙沙门乐,不可救治与失坏。