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(11) 1. Valāhakavaggo · (11) 1. 云品复注

9 段 · CSCD 巴利原典
(11) 1. Valāhakavaggo(十一)一、云品
1-2. Valāhakasuttadvayavaṇṇanā第一至第二《云经》二则注释
§101-2
101-2. Tatiyapaṇṇāsakassa paṭhame gajjitāti thanitā. Tattha gajjitvā novassanabhāvo nāma pāpako. Manussā hi yadā devo gajjati, tadā ‘‘suvuṭṭhitā bhavissatī’’ti bījāni nīharitvā vapanti. Atha deve avassante khette bījāni khetteyeva nassanti, gehe bījāni geheyeva nassantīti dubbhikkhaṃ hoti. Nogajjitvā vassanabhāvopi pāpako. Manussā hi imasmiṃ kāle ‘‘dubbuṭṭhikā bhavissatī’’ti ninnaṭṭhānesuyeva vappaṃ karonti. Atha devo vassitvā sabbabījāni mahāsamuddaṃ pāpeti, dubbhikkhameva hoti. Gajjitvā vassanabhāvo pana bhaddako. Tadā hi subhikkhaṃ hoti. Nogajjitvā novassanabhāvo ekantapāpakova. Bhāsitā hoti no kattāti ‘‘idāni ganthadhuraṃ pūressāmi, vāsadhuraṃ pūressāmī’’ti kathetiyeva, na uddesaṃ gaṇhāti, na kammaṭṭhānaṃ bhāveti.
关于第三十五品第一节“gajjitā”的释义。此处“gajjitā”是动词过去分词,意为“种下、播种”。“不播种就无雨”的状态被称为恶,因为人世间犹如天神播种即将萌发生命,为“将有丰收”的种子而作准备。若天神雨降时,却使种子停留田里,不能萌芽,或家庭中的种子未能生发,就会导致饥荒。因此,不播种而无雨的状态也是恶。人们此时观念是“必将荒败”,如同毫无收成时发生的情况。天神若降雨,则能使所有种子流入大海生育,仍会造成饥荒。播种而有雨的状态则为良善,称为丰饶时节。此时必有富足。若不播种无雨,则完全是恶劣之状。正如有人说“我要把谷仓装满、屋舍装满”,这只是空言,不是正当目的,也不修习正业。
Kattā hoti no bhāsitāti ‘‘ganthadhuraṃ pūressāmi, vāsadhuraṃ vā’’ti na bhāsati, sampatte pana kāle samattaṃ sampādeti. Iminā nayena itarepi veditabbā. Atha vā sabbaṃ panetaṃ paccayadāyakeheva kathitaṃ. Eko hi ‘‘asukadivase nāma dānaṃ dassāmī’’ti saṅghaṃ nimanteti, sampatte kāle no karoti. Ayaṃ puggalo puññena parihāyati, bhikkhusaṅgho pana lābhena parihāyati. Aparo saṅghaṃ animantetvā sakkāraṃ katvā ‘‘bhikkhū ānessāmī’’ti na labhi, sabbe aññattha nimantitā honti. Ayampi puññena parihāyati, saṅghopi lābhena parihāyati. Aparo paṭhamaṃ saṅghaṃ nimantetvā pacchā sakkāraṃ katvā dānaṃ deti, ayaṃ kiccakārī hoti. Aparo neva saṅghaṃ nimanteti, na dānaṃ deti, ayaṃ pāpapuggaloti veditabbo. Dutiyaṃ uttānameva.
“是做的还是说的”这段中,论者指出“我要把谷仓装满、屋舍亦然”非空谈,若在时节已成时,能圆满达成。此理可用来辨别他事。统计后一切皆因缘所生。有人在非时给舍,却与僧团说“明天无法布施”,尚未实行。此人虽以善行废弃福报,僧团因获利而废弃。另有人不邀请僧众,虽给养但不获,众皆邀请他处。此人也因善行消失,僧团也因利益不获。再者,有人先邀请僧众,后来礼敬并布施,此人为勤勉者。还有人既不邀请也不布施,应知为恶人。此段应作为次序说明。
Valāhakasuttadvayavaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā. · 《云经》二则注释完毕。
3. Kumbhasuttavaṇṇanā三、《瓶经》注释
§103
103. Tatiye rittakoti anto ritto. Pihitamukhoti pidahitvā ṭhapito. Apārutamukhoti vivaritvā ṭhapito, upamitapuggalesu panettha antoguṇasāravirahito ca tuccho, bāhirasobhanatāya pihito puggaloti veditabbo. Sesesupi eseva nayo.
103章第三句“空缺”意为结束时为空白,像关闭的门一样固定,不被开启。未关闭的门被敞开着。这里以非圣人(俗人)为例说他们既缺少内涵亦缺少功德,只注重外在的美饰。余下的句子亦有同样意义。
Kumbhasuttavaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā. · 《瓶经》注释完毕。
4. Udakarahadasuttavaṇṇanā四、《水潭经》注释
§104
104. Catutthe udakarahado jaṇṇukamattepi udake sati paṇṇarasasambhinnavaṇṇattā vā bahalattā vā udakassa apaññāyamānatalo uttāno gambhīrobhāso nāma hotīti āha ‘‘purāṇapaṇṇarasa…pe… gambhīrobhāso nāmā’’ti. Tiporisacatuporise pana udake sati acchattā udakassa paññāyamānatalo gambhīro uttānobhāso nāma hotīti āha ‘‘acchavippasannamaṇivaṇṇaudako uttānobhāso nāmā’’ti. Ubhayakāraṇasambhavato pana itare dve veditabbā. Puggalepi kilesussadabhāvato guṇagambhīratāya ca abhāvato guṇagambhīrānaṃ sadisehi abhikkamanādīhi yutto uttāno gambhīrobhāso nāma. Iminā nayena sesā veditabbā.
104章第四句说,在水面上有水波时,因波浪变化而产生十五色之相或色彩多寡。此相为无明的显现,名为“深波光”。在平静的水面上,当无波浪时,水体现的清明色彩称为“清净透明的河水波光”。此两者缘起不同,应分别辨别。又由于众生烦恼遮蔽且功德深厚不同,深波光与清净波光是区分功德境界修行者的重要标志。以此理亦应辨别余下的例子。
Udakarahadasuttavaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā. · 水池经注释已毕。
5-6. Ambasuttādivaṇṇanā5-6. 芒果经等注释
§105-6
105-6. Pañcame āmakaṃ hutvāti anto āmaṃ hutvā. Pakkaṃ āmavaṇṇīti anto pakkaṃ bahi āmasadisaṃ. Tattha yathā ambe apakkabhāvo āmatā hoti, evaṃ puggalepi puthujjanatā. Yathā ca tattha pakkasadisatā pakkavaṇṇitā, evaṃ puggalepi ariyānaṃ abhikkamanādisadisatā pakkavaṇṇitāti iminā nayena sesā veditabbā. Chaṭṭhaṃ uttānameva.
105-6章第五句“成熟果实”意指果实达到完全成熟状态。成熟的果实具有外成熟和内成熟之相。像果实在未成熟时为青涩,在成熟时呈现出成熟色彩。此乃凡夫与圣者的差别表征。圣者的成熟相等于外观的成熟色泽,此理亦适用于余下的语句。第六句为次序说明。
Ambasuttādivaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā. · 芒果经等注释已毕。
7. Mūsikasuttavaṇṇanā7. 老鼠经注释
§107
107. Sattame āvāṭaṃ khanatīti attano āsayaṃ bilakūpaṃ khanati. Na ca tattha vasatīti tattha avasitvā kismiñcideva ṭhāne vasati, evaṃ biḷārādiamittavasaṃ gacchati. Vasitā no gādhaṃ kattāti sayaṃ na khanati, parena kate bile vasati, evaṃ jīvitaṃ rakkhati. Tatiyā dvepi karontī jīvitaṃ rakkhati. Catutthī dvepi akarontī amittavasaṃ gacchati. Imāya pana upamāya upamitesu puggalesu paṭhamo yathā sā mūsikā gādhaṃ khanati, evaṃ navaṅgaṃ satthusāsanaṃ uggaṇhāti. Yathā pana sā tattha na vasati, kismiñcideva ṭhāne vasantī amittavasaṃ gacchati, tathā ayampi pariyattivasena ñāṇaṃ pesetvā catusaccadhammaṃ na paṭivijjhati, lokāmisaṭṭhānesu vicaranto maccumārakilesamāradevaputtamārasaṅkhātānaṃ vasaṃ gacchati. Dutiyo yathā mūsikā gādhaṃ na khanati, evaṃ navaṅgaṃ satthusāsanaṃ na uggaṇhāti. Yathā pana parena khanite bile vasantī jīvitaṃ rakkhati, evaṃ parassa kathaṃ sutvā catusaccadhammaṃ paṭivijjhitvā tiṇṇaṃ mārānaṃ vasaṃ atikkamati. Iminā nayena tatiyacatutthesupi opammasaṃsandanaṃ veditabbaṃ.
107章第七句“挖洞”意指挖掘自己的住所如穴巢,不长居其处,而是栖居于他处,如猫类习性一样。猫不亲自挖洞,而居于他猫所挖穴中,如此保持生命。第三者和第四者亦有各自的生存方式。以此比喻修行者中第一类如同那挖洞的老鼠,善于持守正法教法。第二类则如不居住处,而在他处栖息的猫,虽闻法却不能彻知四圣谛,仍游荡于世间,受恶趣、天界、魔王及波旬众的束缚。第三类如老鼠不挖洞,不能通达教法。第四类不挖洞也不布施,应知为恶人。依此理应辨识第三、四句的对比关系。
Mūsikasuttavaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā. · 老鼠经注释已毕。
8. Balībaddasuttavaṇṇanā8. 公牛经注释
§108
108. Aṭṭhame balībaddo tāva yo attano gogaṇaṃ ghaṭṭeti ubbejeti, paragoṇe pana sūrato sukhasīlo hoti, ayaṃ sagavacaṇḍo no paragavacaṇḍo nāma. Puggalopi attano parisaṃ ghaṭṭento vijjhanto pharuse samudācaranto, paraparisāya pana soraccaṃ nivātavuttitaṃ āpajjanto sagavacaṇḍo nāmāti iminā nayena sesāpi veditabbā.
第八品 谓顽固者,乃至自缠其网,纵放呵护,然于他人之网却机敏安适者,名为同族之猛狮,非他族之猛狮。人亦如是,缠绕自身之团体,善于窥觑,行为厉苛,盘桓于己群内,然于他族中则获生安稳乐,此即谓同族之猛狮者。依此理,余种亦当了知之。
Balībaddasuttavaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā. · 牛经注释完毕。
9. Rukkhasuttavaṇṇanā九、树经注释
§109
109.Navame rukkho tāva pheggu sāraparivāroti vanajeṭṭhakarukkho sayaṃ pheggu hoti, parivārarukkhā panassa sārā honti. Iminā nayena sesā veditabbā. Puggalesu pana sīlasāravirahitato pheggutā, sīlācārasamannāgamena ca sāratā veditabbā.
第九品 树犹如泥晒蚁群所居者,森林中最老之树称为母树,其本身即为巢穴。众多枝叶树亦为其巢中食品。依此理,余种亦当了知之。人中则有失去品行本质,轻躁不安者,及具品行而安住其味者,亦当由此法知晓之。
Rukkhasuttavaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā. · 树经注释完毕。
10. Āsīvisasuttavaṇṇanā十、毒蛇经注释
§110
110. Dasame yassa visaṃ pajjalitatiṇukkāya aggi viya sīghaṃ abhiruhitvā akkhīni gahetvā khandhaṃ gahetvā sīsaṃ gahetvā ṭhitanti vattabbataṃ āpajjati maṇisappādīnaṃ visaṃ viya, mantaṃ pana parivattetvā kaṇṇavātaṃ datvā daṇḍakena pahaṭamatte otaritvā daṭṭhaṭṭhāneyeva tiṭṭhati, ayaṃ āgataviso na ghoraviso nāma. Yassa pana visaṃ saṇikaṃ abhiruhati, āruḷhāruḷhaṭṭhāne pana āsittaudakaṃ viya hoti udakasappādīnaṃ viya, dvādasavassaccayenapi kaṇṇaviddhakhandhapiṭṭhikādīsu paññāyati, mantaparivattanādīsu ca kariyamānesu sīghaṃ na otarati, ayaṃ ghoraviso na āgataviso nāma. Yassa pana visaṃ sīghaṃ abhiruhati, na sīghaṃ otarati aneḷakasappādīnaṃ visaṃ viya, ayaṃ āgataviso ca ghoraviso ca. Aneḷakasappo nāma mahāāsīviso. Yassa visaṃ mandaṃ hoti, ohāriyamānampi sukheneva otarati nīlasappadhamanisappādīnaṃ visaṃ viya, ayaṃ neva āgataviso na ghoraviso. Nīlasappo nāma sākhavaṇṇo rukkhaggādīsu vicaraṇasappo.
第十品 毒蛇升于树枝之速,如燃烧易燃物,其眼、身躯、头颅俱高举而止,宛若玉钗之毒蛇。若反转思虑,施行柔和耳风,并以手杖轻击使其下降,即停于原地,谓之不毒之蛇。若毒蛇迅速爬升,至枝首则似饮浴水,十二年后能知破耳、破身、破背之害,然若回转其意,即不轻速下,谓之猛毒者。若毒蛇迅速爬升,且不速下,宛若毒蛇咬人,亦谓猛毒。在此蛇俗名为大毒蛇。若速度缓慢,即便放任,亦能缓缓下降,如青蛇相似,谓之非猛毒非不猛毒之蛇。青蛇俗名为桠色,巡游树枝间蠕动之毒蛇也。
Āsīvisasuttavaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā. · 毒蛇经注释完毕。
Valāhakavaggavaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā. · 云品注释完毕。