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(6) 1. Puggalavaggo · (6) 1. 人品复注

20 段 · CSCD 巴利原典
3. Puggalavaggo第三 人品
1. Samiddhasuttavaṇṇanā第一《萨弥达经》注释
§21
21. Tatiyassa paṭhame ruccatīti kāyasakkhiādīsu puggalesu ativiya sundaratarapaṇītatarabhāvena te cittassa abhiruciuppādako katamoti pucchati. Saddhindriyaṃ dhuraṃ ahosi saddhādhuraṃ maggavuṭṭhānanti katvā, sesindriyāni pana kathanti āha ‘‘sesānī’’tiādi. Paṭividdhamaggovāti tīhipi therehi attano attano paṭividdhaarahattamaggo eva kathito, tasmā na sukaraṃ ekaṃsena byākātuṃ ‘‘ayaṃ…pe… paṇītataro cā’’ti. Bhummantareneva kathesi ‘‘tīsupi puggalesu aggamaggaṭṭhova paṇītataro’’ti.
第二十一条 在第三卷第一条中提及,师子一等比库等众中,因形体、心识等诸色法及心理法的具备,以至于此人起心动念特别美好、清净、端正,令人生起爱好和欢喜。对此,有人问:什么是起心动念的爱欲?依教理,信根是最重要的,称为“信的根本”,而其他根则次之,故称为“次根”。由此对其他诸根说法时,起头即言“此等诸根”等。所谓“按照所知之道”,就是三位长老各自讲述各自分别了解的修道方法,由于各自分道较多,因此不易单一分别教说“此道尤其清净”等,说法仅限于各自所知的根本道理。地中环境不同,师子一等三人中有的道是最优越的。
Samiddhasuttavaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā. · 《萨弥达经》注释终了。
2. Gilānasuttavaṇṇanā第二《病经》注释
§22
22. Dutiye hitānīti bhabyāni. Vuddhikarānīti ārogyādivuddhikarāni. Anucchavikanti upaṭṭhānakiriyāya anurūpaṃ. Vātāpamārarogenāti vātarogena ca apamārarogena ca, vātanidānena vā apamārarogena. Niṭṭhappattagilānoti ‘‘iminā rogena na cirasseva marissatī’’ti niṭṭhaṃ patto gilāno. Khipitakaṃ nāma vamathurogo. Kacchūti thullakacchuābādho. Tiṇapupphakajaro visamavātasamphassajarogo. Yesanti yesaṃ rogānaṃ. Paṭijagganenāti paṭikāramattena. Phāsukanti byādhivūpasamanena sarīrassa phāsubhāvo. Byādhinidānasamuṭṭhānajānanena paṇḍito, paṭikārakiriyāya yuttakāritāya dakkho, uṭṭhānavīriyasampattiyā analaso.
第二十二条 论及利益者,即未来可获得的利益。所谓增长者,是指健康等的增长。所谓适当者,是指与恰当的照顾行为相应。关于风病、魔病,指因风病和魔病,由风为因而生的魔病。所谓“精通疾病之治”,意思是精通疾病的根本及其起因知见。所谓“已断恶瘾”,意指已经从此病中不久即死的患者,虽病重而未长期。所谓“速疾”,即急性疾病。所谓“甲壳病”,是指皮肤甲壳状疾病。所谓“草花疮疹”,是风湿触患所生的皮肤病。所谓“条目”,是指病中所列举的各种病。所谓“仅以对治药物”,即仅限于药物的对治。所谓“疾热”,是指身体病痛的消除症状。对病因的明辨生发,正确使用对治方法,努力不懈,才是疗愈疾病的精进表现。
Padaparamopuggalo kathito sammattaniyāmokkamanassa ayoggabhāvato. Alabhantova tathāgatappaveditaṃ dhammavinayaṃ savanāya okkamati niyāmaṃ kusalesu dhammesu sammattaṃ paccekabodhiṃ. Yanti, yato. Ovādaṃ labhitvāti ābhisamācārikavattaṃ ovādamattaṃ. Ettakopi hi tassa hitāvahoti. Tannissitovāti vipañcitaññunissitova hoti. Punappunaṃ desetabbova sammattaniyāmokkamanassa yoggabhāvato.
此条讲述脚步为依归者,是指依止正规的修行行为而行。从根本来说,听闻如来所宣说之法律令,在善法中依归正道。此乃独觉者所行之正法。因其正道而行,故称为“往”。又由于获得教诲,习以为常,无过失之正知,此为礼敬行之表现。也就是说,所谓教诲是专门传达,反复宣说者。从种种角度看,皆有利益。基于此而反复宣说,乃正统修道教学相承之义。
Gilānasuttavaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā. · 《病经》注释终了。
3. Saṅkhārasuttavaṇṇanā第三《行经》注释
§23
23. Tatiye vividhehi ākārehi ābādhanato byābādhova byābajjhaṃ, kāyikaṃ cetasikañca dukkhaṃ. Saha byābajjhena vattatīti sabyābajjhaṃ. Tenāha ‘‘sadukkha’’nti. Cetanārāsinti pubbacetanādirāsiṃ. Cetanaṃ punappunaṃ pavattento ‘‘rāsiṃ karoti piṇḍaṃ karotī’’ti ca vutto. Sadukkhanti nirantaradukkhaṃ. Tenāha ‘‘sābādhaṃ nirassāda’’nti. Atthīti ujukaṃ dukkhavedanā natthīti avattabbattā vuttaṃ. Aniṭṭhasabhāvattā aniṭṭhārammaṇattā ca dukkhapakkhikāva sā daṭṭhabbā. Na hi akusalavipākā iṭṭhā nāma atthī, kusalavipākā pana upekkhāvedanā tattha appāvasarā. Aṭṭhakathāyaṃ pana nirayassa dukkhabahulattā dukkhassa ca tattha balavatāya sā abbohārikaṭṭhāne ṭhitāti vuttaṃ. Upamaṃ katvā āhaṭo viseso viya sāmaññassa yathā ayopiṇḍirohino viya rūpānanti. Paṭibhāgaupamāti paṭibimbaupamā.
第二十三条 第三卷述及各种形式的疾病叫苦,是身心苦。由此苦生病称为“总苦”。因此称之为“真苦”。所谓意念的厌恶,是先前意念的反感,意志不断起伏变化,如积聚,积成堆集。所谓“真苦”,是恒久的痛苦。又称为“所有苦皆无”,即无有苦之纯净。所指苦乃迅速起病之痛苦感受,若无此苦则苦标无法成立。因其非善业果报之苦,其非乐趣,故称苦。我本注疏论述地狱中痛苦多,此处所指之苦与其相较甚深。以比喻喻之,苦痛具特殊异样,如身体之疮疹,如影之重现,称之为映像之喻。
Te aggahetvāti heṭṭhimabrahmaloke aggahetvā. Vomissakasukhadukkhanti vimissakasukhadukkhaṃ pītimissakabhāvato. Kammanti pāpakammaṃ. Kammasīsena phalaṃ vadati. Kāmañcettha ‘‘abyābajjhaṃ lokaṃ upapajjatī’’ti āgataṃ, ‘‘abyābajjhā phassā phusantī’’ti pana vacanena lokuttaraphassāpi saṅgayhantīti ‘‘tīṇi sucaritāni lokiyalokuttaramissakāni kathitānī’’ti vuttaṃ.
诸恶道之起,乃因在低劣梵天界成为恶趣缘起。所谓嫌弃忧苦,是由嫌弃忧苦之乐而起。业报是恶业之果报。果报因行之业而生。若因欲业则生“不病苦”之世间,谓之“不病苦”触受,故称为“超世间触”,三善行中有世间善及超世间善称为“不病苦”。
Saṅkhārasuttavaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā. · 《行经》注释完毕。
4. Bahukārasuttavaṇṇanā4. 《多作经》注释
§24
24. Catutthe avassayaṃ gatoti vaṭṭadukkhaparimuttiyā avassayo mayhanti saraṇagamanakkamena upagato hoti. Satantikanti sapariyattidhammaṃ. Aggahitasaraṇapubbassāti aggahitapubbasaraṇassa. Akatābhinivesassa vasena vuttanti tasmiṃ attabhāve na kato saraṇagamanābhiniveso yenāti akatābhiniveso, tassa vasena vuttaṃ. Kāmaṃ pubbepi saraṇadāyako ācariyo vutto, pabbajjādāyakopi saraṇadāyakova. Pubbe pana upāsakabhāvāpādakavasena saraṇadāyako adhippeto. Idaṃ pana gahitapabbajjassa saraṇagamanaṃ. Pabbajā hi savisesaṃ saraṇagamananti pabbajjādāyako puna vutto. Eteti pabbajjādāyakādayo. Duvidhena paricchinnāti lokiyadhammasampāpako lokuttaradhammasampāpakoti dvippakārena paricchinnā, katābhinivesaakatābhinivesavasena vā. Uparīti paṭhamamaggato upari. Neva sakkotīti ācariyena katassa upakārassa mahānubhāvattā tassa patikāraṃ nāma kātuṃ na sakkoti.
第二十四条 第四条论“断除烦恼”,谓由轮回苦之断灭而得断除。所谓“极量”,是指包围诸法的全部。所谓“所受教的先所依止”,是指先依止他方的所受教法。所谓不作染著者,是指无漏心不为染著。此心之状态称为无染著,是依于自身状态说。曾言欲爱前亦为依止,应从出家者的所受依止说。此前以为家属是信仰中的依止,如同受持皈依礼者。此处论及皈依法出家时所依止者。出家是真实的皈依,出家者与皈依受持者并列称之。此即为出家礼。出家者等二分法,是指对世间法或出世间法二者的分别,有染污与无染污的分别。上则为初道,不能,由于老师的恩惠及崇敬,故无法作反覆的维护之礼。
Bahukārasuttavaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā. · 《多作经》注释完毕。
5. Vajirūpamasuttavaṇṇanā5. 《金刚喻经》注释
§25
25. Pañcame aruiti purāṇaṃ duṭṭhavaṇaṃ vuccati. Ka-kāro padasandhikaroti arukūpamaṃ cittaṃ etassāti arukūpamacitto appamattakassapi dukkhassa asahanato. Sesapadadvayepi eseva nayo. Ittarakālobhāsenāti parittameva kālo ñāṇobhāsavirahena. Lagatīti kodhāsaṅgavasena kuppanto puggalo sammukhā, ‘‘kiṃ vadasī’’tiādinā parammukhā ca upanayhanavasena lagati, na taṇhāsaṅgavasena. Kuppatīti kujjhati. Byāpajjatīti vipannacitto hoti. Thaddhabhāvaṃ āpajjati īsakampi muduttābhāvato. Duṭṭhārukoti maṃsalohitānaṃ duṭṭhabhāvena pakatibhāvaṃ jahitvā ṭhito duṭṭhavaṇo. ‘‘Duṭṭhārutā’’tipi paṭhanti, tatthāpi tākāro padasandhikaro.
第25条。古时所谓“阿鲁”者,指心如蹄铁之形。其意谓何?谓此心似蹄铁状者,即指心中虽不甚精明,却亦能忍受痛苦之相。此处所言的“心如蹄铁”是比喻,形象表达心虽不完美但坚忍。此外,以双脚为喻也是同理。所谓“迭他卡罗波昙”,是指时间短暂而不作用于智慧照明的状态。所谓“拉加提”,意谓因嗔恚纠缠而怒气冲冲的人在面对他人时态度刚强,使用诸如“你说什么?”等反问,乃至转身相向,表现出敌对情绪,此乃因嗔恚产生,不同于渴爱所致的执著。所谓“苦拔提”,即则是心志倾覆、颠倒。所谓“他达跋婆”,是指因自己狭隘而生傲慢之心。所谓“恶鲁”,是指因内心不善恶相而表现的恶劣言语,放弃了肉体血色的恶相,因而成为恶言。即使简单称为“恶鲁”,其实也是同样的身体与言语之相互过渡的修辞。
Tassāti duṭṭhārukassa. Savananti asucivisandanaṃ. Uddhumātassa viyāti kodhena uddhaṃ uddhaṃ dhumātakassa viya kodhūpāyāsassa avissajjanato. Caṇḍikatassāti kupitassa. Ettha ca kiñcāpi heṭṭhimamaggavajjhāpi kilesā tehi anuppattidhammataṃ āpāditattā samucchinnā, tathāpi tasmiṃ santāne aggamaggassa anuppannattā tattha appahīnāpi kilesā atthevāti katvā tesaṃ ñāṇānaṃ vijjūpamatā vuttā, na tehi maggehi pahīnānaṃ kilesānaṃ atthibhāvatoti daṭṭhabbaṃ.
这里所说“恶鲁”者,即指语言不净如污秽之言。提到“乌得摩达”,比喻愤怒如烟往上升,烦恼不息之状。所谓“呈地卡”者,是指愤怒之表现。即便如此,某些劣行及妨碍善法的烦恼因先天难以生起,应当断除,虽尚未断除,但在某世代中仍未生起最高之道,烦恼虽未废止,其真实意义则是这些烦恼尚未断除,正是因不具足智慧故不能废止,不能因此断定其烦恼已废止。
Vajirūpamasuttavaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā. · 《金刚喻经》注释完毕。
6. Sevitabbasuttavaṇṇanā6. 《应亲近经》注释
§26
26. Chaṭṭhe upasaṅkamitabboti kālena kālaṃ upasaṅkamitabbo. Allīyitabboti chāyāya viya vinā bhāvanāya nillīyitabbo. Punappunaṃ upāsitabboti abhiṇhaso upanisīditabbo. Anuddayāti mettāpubbabhāgo. Upasaṅkamituṃ vaṭṭatīti ‘‘etassa sīlena abhivuddhi bhavissatī’’ti upakāratthaṃ upasevanādi vaṭṭati.
第26条。所言“应时恭敬”,意指应当随时适机而恭敬。所谓“应藏”,指如影子般不可或缺的保护,表明修学不可缺乏保护。所谓“应复敬”,指应当持之以恒地坐禅于清净之处。所谓“阿奴达耶”,是指慈心修习之先行部分。所谓“恭敬之行”,表明因此持戒戒律而得增长,对如来的利益而言应以恭敬持续守护、实施。
Na paṭihaññissatīti ‘‘apehi, kiṃ etenā’’ti paṭikkhepābhāvato piyasīlattā na paṭihaññissati. Phāsu bhavissatīti dvīsu hi sīlavantesu ekena sīlassa vaṇṇe kathite itaro anumodati. Tena tesaṃ kathā phāsu ceva hoti pavattinī ca. Ekasmiṃ pana dussīle sati dussīlassa sīlakathā dukkathā, neva sīlakathā hoti, na phāsu hoti, na pavattinī. Dussīlassa hi sīlakathā aphāsu bhavissati. Sīlakathāya vuttamatthaṃ samādhipaññākathāsupi atidisati ‘‘samādhipaññākathāsupi eseva nayo’’ti. Dve hi samādhilābhino samādhikathaṃ sappaññā ca paññākathaṃ kathentā rattiṃ vā divasaṃ vā atikkamantampi na jānanti.
所谓“不违背”,即具慈悲心者不会违抗,不会以反对或拒绝之态度对待他人。所谓“轻快”,指两有戒者,其一谈论正行戒时,另一方欣然赞同,因此此等交流即为活泼。然若于恶人面前谈论善戒,反而生出不快与阻碍,此乃因恶人根基不善也。善恶论戒话题时,深入慧解尚表现于禅定及智慧之论述,但即使深入研习禅定与智慧对话,夜昼不止,亦未能真正圆满理解者尚多。
Tattha tattha paññāya anuggahessāmīti tasmiṃ tasmiṃ anuggahetabbe paññāya sodhetabbe vaḍḍhetabbe ca adhikasīlaṃ nissāya uppannapaññāya anuggahessāmīti attho. Tañca anuggaṇhanaṃ sīlassa asappāyānupakāradhamme vajjetvā tappaṭipakkhasevanena hotīti āha ‘‘sīlassa asappāye’’tiādi. Sīlassa asappāyānupakāradhammā nāma anācārāgocarādayo, tappaṭipakkhato upakāradhammā veditabbā. Tasmiṃ tasmiṃṭhāneti taṃtaṃsikkhākoṭṭhāsapadaṭṭhāne. Anuggaṇhāti nāmāti abhinnaṃ asaṃkiliṭṭhaṃ katvā anuggaṇhāti nāma. Khāraparissāvaneti rajakānaṃ ūsakhārādikhāraparissāvanapaṭe. Hāyatīti sīlādinā parihāyati. Seṭṭhaṃ puggalanti sīlādiguṇehi seṭṭhaṃ uttaritaraṃ uttamaṃ puggalaṃ.
此处所谓“于彼处以智慧辅助”,意指以相应智慧于各处彻底净化、增长戒律,藉此智慧辅助戒律结合而成。所谓“辅助”,含义指戒律无法立即完善,需以勤勉等诸法辅助补足,方能成就。经文言及“戒律无缺”,乃指不良行为、习气等故障未损及戒律本身。所谓“于彼各处”,即依顺各个训练阶段。所谓“辅助”,即将未被玷污与纯净结合起来辅助。所谓保护恶之行为,则是指守护污垢恶习。所谓“放弃”,指戒律被遵守后恶习得以弃除。所谓“上等人”,是指以戒德诸善得最为高超者。
Sevitabbasuttavaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā. · 《应亲近经》注释完毕。
7. Jigucchitabbasuttavaṇṇanā7. 《应厌恶经》注释
§27
27. Sattame abbhuggacchatīti ettha abhi-saddāpekkhāya ‘‘na’’nti sāmiatthe upayogavacananti āha ‘‘assā’’ti ‘‘taṃ kho pana bhavanta’’ntiādīsu viya. Pāpako kittisaddoti lāmakabhāvena kathetabbasaddo. Gūthakūpo viya dussīlyanti etena dussīlassa gūthasadisattameva dasseti. Vacananti aniṭṭhavacanaṃ. Purimanayenevāti ‘‘gūthakūpo viya dussīlya’’ntiādinā pubbe vuttanayena. Sucimittoti sīlācārasuddhiyā sucimitto. Saha ayanti pavattantīti sahāyāti āha ‘‘sahagāmino’’ti.
第27条。此处指因过度强求而得不到满足,语中以“否定”表达。谓其言辞当作无用不理,谓“阿萨”,意谓“没有”,例如“但愿如此”,等。所谓“恶迹名”,是含恶意之褒贬说法。形容其行为如藏污纳垢之井,表明恶人如同污臭井水。所谓“言语”,是指恶语。经文云“尚早”,乃指早先经言。所谓“净行相”,即纯净行持。谓与彼同行者连带,故称“同行人”。
Jigucchitabbasuttavaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā. · 《应厌恶经》注释完毕。
8. Gūthabhāṇīsuttavaṇṇanā8. 《粪语者经》注释
§28
28. Aṭṭhame gūthabhāṇīti gūthasadisavacanattā gūthabhāṇī. Yathā hi gūthaṃ nāma mahājanassa aniṭṭhaṃ hoti, evameva imassa puggalassa vacanaṃ devamanussānaṃ aniṭṭhaṃ hoti. Duggandhakathanti kilesāsucisaṃkiliṭṭhatāya gūthaṃ viya duggandhavāyanakathaṃ. Pupphabhāṇīti supupphasadisavacanattā pupphabhāṇī . Yathā hi phullāni vassikāni vā adhimuttikāni vā mahājanassa iṭṭhāni kantāni honti, evameva imassa puggalassa vacanaṃ devamanussānaṃ iṭṭhaṃ hoti kantaṃ. Pupphāni viyāti campakasumanādisugandhapupphāni viya. Sugandhakathanti sucigandhavāyanakathaṃ kilesaduggandhābhāvato. Madhubhāṇīti ettha ‘‘mudubhāṇī’’tipi paṭhanti. Ubhayatthāpi hi madhuravacanoti attho. Yathā hi catumadhuraṃ nāma madhuraṃ paṇītaṃ, evameva imassa puggalassa vacanaṃ devamanussānaṃ madhuraṃ hoti. Madhurakathanti kaṇṇasukhatāya pemanīyatāya ca saddato atthato ca madhurasabhāvakathaṃ. Attahetu vāti attano vā hatthapādādicchedanaharaṇahetu. Parahetu vāti etthāpi eseva nayo. Tenāha ‘‘attano vā’’tiādi.
第八条“含蓄之言”即形似含蓄之语。譬如“含蓄”一词,是指大众所不喜之物,故此人的语句亦如同诸天人所不喜之言。所谓“恶臭之话”即是指染污缠结诸烦恼而犹如恶臭之气息。再如“花言”者,乃清香似之言,说者言辞如花盛开,受众则悦纳。正如花朵季节性地在大地上绽放,令人欢喜美妙,故此人的话语为诸天人众所乐闻,动人心怀。所谓花指示者,即如栀子花等芬芳花朵。至于“甜言”,此处亦有译作“柔言”,二义兼具。譬如四种甘美称谓中“甜”寓含佳美,故此人所言亦为诸天人所觉甜美。甜言即是和悦而令人心神安适、情意融洽之语。所谓“自身缘由”是指以本人手足诸苦苦役之苦作为缘由;“他因”则指此处也是该理法。因此说“自身缘由”等词。
‘‘Nelaṅgoti kho, bhante, sīlānametaṃ adhivacana’’nti sutte (saṃ. ni. 4.347) āgatattā vuttaṃ ‘‘ettha vuttasīlaṃ viyā’’ti. Pūreti guṇānaṃ pāripūriyaṃ. Sukumārāti apharusatāya mudukā komalā. Purassāti ettha pura-saddo tannivāsivācako daṭṭhabbo ‘‘gāmo āgato’’tiādīsu viya. Tenāha ‘‘nagaravāsīna’’nti. Manaṃ appāyati vaḍḍhetīti manāpā. Tenāha ‘‘cittavuddhikarā’’ti.
“无褻”一词,尊者,此是对戒之名称。此语由经中所得:“此处所说者,谓戒律也”。此乃圆满诸美德者。所谓“柔和”即不粗恶,温顺柔软之意。“前者”是谓‘古今’之义,亦可见于“村落来临”等语。由是故称“城中人”等。“心增长”即心喜悦增长不可限量。故谓“心增益者”。
Gūthabhāṇīsuttavaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā. · 《粪语者经》注释完毕。
9. Andhasuttavaṇṇanā9. 《盲者经》注释
§29
29. Navame andhotiādīsu pāḷipadesu paṭhamo diṭṭhadhammikabhogasaṃharaṇapaññācakkhuno ca samparāyikatthasādhanapaññācakkhuno ca abhāvā ‘‘andho’’ti vuccati dutiyopi, tatiyo pana dvinnampi bhāvā ‘‘dvicakkhū’’ti vuccati. Paññācakkhūti āyakosallabhūtā paññācakkhu. Tenāha ‘‘phātiṃ kareyyā’’ti. Adhamuttameti adhame ceva uttame ca. Paṭipakkhavasenāti paṭipakkhassa atthitāvasena. Sukkasappaṭibhāgāti sukkadhammehi pahāyakehi sappaṭibhāgāti jāneyya. Kaṇhasappaṭibhāgāti kaṇhadhammehi pahātabbehi sappaṭibhāgāti jāneyya.
第三十九条关于“盲”等词,在巴利语中第一义是指追随正见智慧而断除世俗享受的失明,是为“盲”,第二义与第三义则指拥有双重智慧的“二眼”,这是指五明中之一的双目智慧。所谓“五眼者”,是指修习智慧所具备五种眼力。譬如说“能开视野者”。“下上”意为由下至上。“对立”是指从相反方面而言。“善语二分”是指与善法相相对,应知为区分。所谓“暗语二分”是指与恶法相对的区分。
Tathājātikāti yādisehi saputtadāraparijanasañātimittabandhavaggaṃ attānaṃ sukheti pīṇeti, tādisā bhogāpi na santi. Puññāni ca na karotīti samaṇabrāhmaṇakapaṇaddhikayācakānaṃ santappanavasena puññāni na karoti. Ubhayatthāti ubhayasmiṃ loke, ubhayasmiṃ vā attheti viggahoti dassento ‘‘idhaloke’’tiādimāha. Ubhayenāti vuttamatthaṃ yojetvā dassetuṃ ‘‘katha’’ntiādi vuttaṃ. Yasmiṃ ṭhāneti yasmiṃyeva ṭhāne. Na socatīti sokahetūnaṃ tattha abhāvato na socati.
“如来之生”即世尊等所生之处,亲属朋友故属之处,一切因缘往来之禁忌,内心欢喜、苦恼之际,以及此类享乐皆不存。又由修习之人非因愚痴所作,故无福德结业。所谓“双重意指”者,即在此世界以及彼世界两者之间的含义。谓“以之显示……”等语。“安住”者,即当处、现所也。所谓“不忧”者,由于无忧苦由故不忧苦。
Andhasuttavaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā. · 盲经注释完毕。
10. Avakujjasuttavaṇṇanā10. 覆经注释
§30
30. Dasame avakujjapaññoti nikkujjapañño. Tenāha ‘‘adhomukhapañño’’ti. Pubbapaṭṭhapanāti paṭhamārambho. Sanniṭṭhānanti kathāpariyosānaṃ. Appanāti desanāya niṭṭhāpanaṃ. Aneke vā anusandhiyoti yojetabbaṃ. Samādhi vātiādīsu lokuttaradhammā paramatthato sāsananti tadatthopādakasamādhi tassa ādīti vutto, tadāsannattā vipassanā, tassa mūlabhāvena ekadesattā maggo.
第三十条“无破损智慧”即无损慧者。此谓“向下转智慧”。“前诵开始”是指最初起始时。“现前”即语言说法之终止。所谓“安住”,即住于说法之止,于此多方面不断推究可覆用。所谓“禅定”及类似名词为指超越世间法的至高教义,且此名词作其本来用意时即含“禅定”。因其近似,故用“禅定”一词。由禅定由来,毗婆舍那为其根本,为独行之道。
Sāsanassa pāripūrisuddhiyo nāma satthārā desitaniyāmeneva siddhā, tā panettha kathentassa vasena gahetabbāti dassetuṃ ‘‘anūnaṃ katvā desentī’’ti, ‘‘niggaṇṭhiṃ katvā desentī’’ti ca vuttaṃ. Tattha nijjaṭanti niggumbaṃ anākulaṃ. Niggaṇṭhinti gaṇṭhiṭṭhānarahitaṃ suviññeyyaṃ katvā.
教法的圆满清净乃由师所宣说规定而成,且必须严格依教法圣制奉行。故应言“至少应已成就宣说”,亦有说“已定义并宣说”之意。此处的“无堵碍”指无障碍、无纷扰之义。所谓“已定义”是指结成不带纂改且清楚明了之定议。
Ākiṇṇānīti ākiritvā saṃkiritvā ṭhapitānīti attho. Tenāha ‘‘pakkhittānī’’ti. Ucchaṅgo viya ucchaṅgapañño puggalo daṭṭhabboti ucchaṅgasadisapaññatāya ucchaṅgapañño. Evaṃ paññā viya puggalopi ucchaṅgo viya hoti, tasmiṃ dhammānaṃ aciraṭṭhānatoti adhippāyena vuttaṃ. Yathā ca ucchaṅgasadisā paññā, evaṃ nikkujjakumbhasadisā paññā evāti daṭṭhabbā.
「Ākiṇṇāna」者,谓经修饰、聚讼、设立之意。因此谓为「pakkhittāni」(分割的)。正如高处人物应视同高处慧者,谓其具备高处般智。如此,智慧如高处,众生亦如高处,以此诸法即早居殊胜之地,此谓以威权而说。譬如高处相般智慧,亦当视同如摇动的盛水瓶相般智慧。
Saṃvidahanapaññāyāti ‘‘evaṃ kate idaṃ nāma bhavissatī’’ti evaṃ taṃtaṃatthakiccaṃ saṃvidhātuṃ samatthatāya vicāraṇapaññāya rahito. Seyyoti seṭṭho pāsaṃso. Pubbabhāgapaṭipadanti cittavisuddhiādikaṃ ariyamaggassa adhigamāya pubbabhāgapaṭipattiṃ.
「Saṃvidahanapaññāya」者,即「如此说,此名为将成为」。此言论多为统一所作,以便顺利安排、审视事物因缘之智慧。Seeyoti意为最胜、赞赏。前行修道者,即心净等为圣道最初阶段之修行过程。
Avakujjasuttavaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā. · 覆经注释完毕。
Puggalavaggavaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā. · 人品注释完毕。