(7) 2. Pattakammavaggo(7) 2. 应得业品
(7) 2. Pattakammavaggo(7) 2. 应得业品
1. Pattakammasuttaṃ1. 应得业经
§61
Atha kho anāthapiṇḍiko gahapati yena bhagavā tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā bhagavantaṃ abhivādetvā ekamantaṃ nisīdi. Ekamantaṃ nisinnaṃ kho anāthapiṇḍikaṃ gahapatiṃ bhagavā etadavoca –
那时,阿那他宾地咖居士前往世尊所在之处;抵达后,礼敬世尊,坐于一旁。世尊对坐于一旁的阿那他宾地咖居士如此说:
‘‘Cattārome , gahapati, dhammā iṭṭhā kantā manāpā dullabhā lokasmiṃ. Katame cattāro? Bhogā me uppajjantu sahadhammenāti, ayaṃ paṭhamo dhammo iṭṭho kanto manāpo dullabho lokasmiṃ.
「居士,这四种法在世间是可喜的、可爱的、合意的、难得的。哪四种?『愿我以如法获得财富』,这是第一种在世间可喜的、可爱的、合意的、难得的法。
‘‘Bhoge laddhā sahadhammena yaso me āgacchatu saha ñātīhi saha upajjhāyehīti, ayaṃ dutiyo dhammo iṭṭho kanto manāpo dullabho lokasmiṃ.
『以如法获得财富后,愿我与亲族、与师长一起获得名声』,这是第二种在世间可喜的、可爱的、合意的、难得的法。
‘‘Bhoge laddhā sahadhammena yasaṃ laddhā saha ñātīhi saha upajjhāyehi ciraṃ jīvāmi dīghamāyuṃ pālemīti, ayaṃ tatiyo dhammo iṭṭho kanto manāpo dullabho lokasmiṃ.
『以如法获得财富后,与亲族、与师长一起获得名声后,愿我长寿、护持长寿命』,这是第三种在世间可喜的、可爱的、合意的、难得的法。
‘‘Bhoge laddhā sahadhammena yasaṃ laddhā saha ñātīhi saha upajjhāyehi ciraṃ jīvitvā dīghamāyuṃ pāletvā kāyassa bhedā paraṃ maraṇā sugatiṃ saggaṃ lokaṃ upapajjāmīti, ayaṃ catuttho dhammo iṭṭho kanto manāpo dullabho lokasmiṃ. Ime kho, gahapati, cattāro dhammā iṭṭhā kantā manāpā dullabhā lokasmiṃ.
『以如法获得财富后,与亲族、与师长一起获得名声后,长寿、护持长寿命后,身坏命终后,愿我往生善趣、天界』,这是第四种在世间可喜的、可爱的、合意的、难得的法。居士,这四种法在世间是可喜的、可爱的、合意的、难得的。
‘‘Imesaṃ kho, gahapati, catunnaṃ dhammānaṃ iṭṭhānaṃ kantānaṃ manāpānaṃ dullabhānaṃ lokasmiṃ cattāro dhammā paṭilābhāya saṃvattanti. Katame cattāro? Saddhāsampadā, sīlasampadā, cāgasampadā, paññāsampadā.
「居士,对于这四种在世间可喜的、可爱的、合意的、难得的法,有四种法导向获得它们。哪四种?信具足、戒具足、施具足、慧具足。
‘‘Katamā ca, gahapati, saddhāsampadā? Idha, gahapati, ariyasāvako saddho hoti, saddahati tathāgatassa bodhiṃ – ‘itipi so bhagavā arahaṃ sammāsambuddho vijjācaraṇasampanno sugato lokavidū anuttaro purisadammasārathi, satthā devamanussānaṃ buddho bhagavā’ti. Ayaṃ vuccati, gahapati, saddhāsampadā.
「居士,什么是信具足?居士,于此,圣弟子有信,信如来的觉悟——『如此,彼世尊是阿拉汉、正等正觉者、明行具足者、善逝、世间解、无上调御丈夫、天人师、佛、世尊』。居士,这称为信具足。
‘‘Katamā ca, gahapati, sīlasampadā? Idha, gahapati, ariyasāvako pāṇātipātā paṭivirato hoti…pe… surāmerayamajjapamādaṭṭhānā paṭivirato hoti. Ayaṃ vuccati, gahapati, sīlasampadā.
「居士,什么是戒具足?居士,于此,圣弟子离杀生……乃至……离放逸之因的诸酒类。居士,这称为戒具足。
‘‘Katamā ca, gahapati, cāgasampadā? Idha, gahapati, ariyasāvako vigatamalamaccherena cetasā agāraṃ ajjhāvasati muttacāgo payatapāṇi vosaggarato yācayogo dānasaṃvibhāgarato. Ayaṃ vuccati, gahapati, cāgasampadā.
「居士,什么是施舍圆满?居士,于此,圣弟子以离垢、离悭吝之心住于家中,是舍手者、喜乐施舍者、乞求的对象者、喜乐分施布施者。居士,这称为施舍圆满。
‘‘Katamā ca, gahapati, paññāsampadā? Abhijjhāvisamalobhābhibhūtena , gahapati, cetasā viharanto akiccaṃ karoti, kiccaṃ aparādheti. Akiccaṃ karonto kiccaṃ aparādhento yasā ca sukhā ca dhaṃsati. Byāpādābhibhūtena, gahapati, cetasā viharanto akiccaṃ karoti, kiccaṃ aparādheti. Akiccaṃ karonto kiccaṃ aparādhento yasā ca sukhā ca dhaṃsati. Thinamiddhābhibhūtena, gahapati, cetasā viharanto akiccaṃ karoti kiccaṃ aparādheti. Akiccaṃ karonto kiccaṃ aparādhento yasā ca sukhā ca dhaṃsati. Uddhaccakukkuccābhibhūtena, gahapati, cetasā viharanto akiccaṃ karoti, kiccaṃ aparādheti. Akiccaṃ karonto kiccaṃ aparādhento yasā ca sukhā ca dhaṃsati. Vicikicchābhibhūtena, gahapati, cetasā viharanto akiccaṃ karoti, kiccaṃ aparādheti. Akiccaṃ karonto kiccaṃ aparādhento yasā ca sukhā ca dhaṃsati.
「居士,什么是慧圆满?居士,以被贪婪、不平等贪欲所征服之心而住者,作不应作之事,违犯应作之事。作不应作之事、违犯应作之事者,名声与快乐衰退。居士,以被嗔恨所征服之心而住者,作不应作之事,违犯应作之事。作不应作之事、违犯应作之事者,名声与快乐衰退。居士,以被昏沉睡眠所征服之心而住者,作不应作之事,违犯应作之事。作不应作之事、违犯应作之事者,名声与快乐衰退。居士,以被掉举追悔所征服之心而住者,作不应作之事,违犯应作之事。作不应作之事、违犯应作之事者,名声与快乐衰退。居士,以被疑所征服之心而住者,作不应作之事,违犯应作之事。作不应作之事、违犯应作之事者,名声与快乐衰退。
‘‘Sa kho so, gahapati, ariyasāvako abhijjhāvisamalobho cittassa upakkilesoti, iti viditvā abhijjhāvisamalobhaṃ cittassa upakkilesaṃ pajahati. Byāpādo cittassa upakkilesoti, iti viditvā byāpādaṃ cittassa upakkilesaṃ pajahati. Thinamiddhaṃ cittassa upakkilesoti, iti viditvā thinamiddhaṃ cittassa upakkilesaṃ pajahati. Uddhaccakukkuccaṃ cittassa upakkilesoti, iti viditvā uddhaccakukkuccaṃ cittassa upakkilesaṃ pajahati. Vicikicchā cittassa upakkilesoti, iti viditvā vicikicchaṃ cittassa upakkilesaṃ pajahati.
「居士,彼圣弟子如此了知『贪婪、不平等贪欲是心的随烦恼』后,舍断贪婪、不平等贪欲这心的随烦恼。如此了知『嗔恨是心的随烦恼』后,舍断嗔恨这心的随烦恼。如此了知『昏沉睡眠是心的随烦恼』后,舍断昏沉睡眠这心的随烦恼。如此了知『掉举追悔是心的随烦恼』后,舍断掉举追悔这心的随烦恼。如此了知『疑是心的随烦恼』后,舍断疑这心的随烦恼。
‘‘Yato ca kho, gahapati, ariyasāvakassa abhijjhāvisamalobho cittassa upakkilesoti, iti viditvā abhijjhāvisamalobho cittassa upakkileso pahīno hoti. Byāpādo cittassa upakkilesoti, iti viditvā byāpādo cittassa upakkileso pahīno hoti. Thinamiddhaṃ cittassa upakkilesoti, iti viditvā thinamiddhaṃ cittassa upakkileso pahīno hoti. Uddhaccakukkuccaṃ cittassa upakkilesoti, iti viditvā uddhaccakukkuccaṃ cittassa upakkileso pahīno hoti. Vicikicchā cittassa upakkilesoti, iti viditvā vicikicchā cittassa upakkileso pahīno hoti. Ayaṃ vuccati, gahapati, ariyasāvako mahāpañño puthupañño āpātadaso paññāsampanno . Ayaṃ vuccati, gahapati , paññāsampadā. Imesaṃ kho, gahapati, catunnaṃ dhammānaṃ iṭṭhānaṃ kantānaṃ manāpānaṃ dullabhānaṃ lokasmiṃ ime cattāro dhammā paṭilābhāya saṃvattanti.
「居士,当圣弟子如此了知『贪婪、不平等贪欲是心的随烦恼』后,贪婪、不平等贪欲这心的随烦恼已被舍断;如此了知『嗔恨是心的随烦恼』后,嗔恨这心的随烦恼已被舍断;如此了知『昏沉睡眠是心的随烦恼』后,昏沉睡眠这心的随烦恼已被舍断;如此了知『掉举追悔是心的随烦恼』后,掉举追悔这心的随烦恼已被舍断;如此了知『疑是心的随烦恼』后,疑这心的随烦恼已被舍断。居士,这称为圣弟子是大慧者、广慧者、见明达者、具足慧者。居士,这称为慧圆满。居士,这四法是可爱的、可意的、合意的、世间难得的,这四法导向获得这些法。
‘‘Sa kho so, gahapati, ariyasāvako uṭṭhānavīriyādhigatehi bhogehi bāhābalaparicitehi sedāvakkhittehi dhammikehi dhammaladdhehi cattāri pattakammāni kattā hoti. Katamāni cattāri? Idha gahapati, ariyasāvako uṭṭhānavīriyādhigatehi bhogehi bāhābalaparicitehi sedāvakkhittehi dhammikehi dhammaladdhehi attānaṃ sukheti pīṇeti sammā sukhaṃ pariharati. Mātāpitaro sukheti pīṇeti sammā sukhaṃ pariharati. Puttadāradāsakammakaraporise sukheti pīṇeti sammā sukhaṃ pariharati. Mittāmacce sukheti pīṇeti sammā sukhaṃ pariharati. Idamassa paṭhamaṃ ṭhānagataṃ hoti pattagataṃ āyatanaso paribhuttaṃ.
「居士,彼圣弟子以发勤精进所获得的、以臂力所积聚的、以汗水所得的、如法的、如法所得的财富,作四种应作之业。哪四种?居士,于此,圣弟子以发勤精进所获得的、以臂力所积聚的、以汗水所得的、如法的、如法所得的财富,使自己快乐、喜悦,正确地受用快乐。使父母快乐、喜悦,正确地受用快乐。使子女、妻子、奴仆、工人、仆役快乐、喜悦,正确地受用快乐。使朋友、同僚快乐、喜悦,正确地受用快乐。这是他的第一个已到达处、已达到处、从处所受用。
‘‘Puna caparaṃ, gahapati, ariyasāvako uṭṭhānavīriyādhigatehi bhogehi bāhābalaparicitehi sedāvakkhittehi dhammikehi dhammaladdhehi yā tā honti āpadā aggito vā udakato vā rājato vā corato vā appiyato vā dāyādato , tathārūpāsu āpadāsu pariyodhāya saṃvattati. Sotthiṃ attānaṃ karoti. Idamassa dutiyaṃ ṭhānagataṃ hoti pattagataṃ āyatanaso paribhuttaṃ.
「再者,居士,圣弟子以发勤精进所获得的、以臂力所积聚的、以汗水所得的、如法的、如法所得的财富,对于那些灾难——或从火、或从水、或从国王、或从盗贼、或从不可意者、或从继承者——在如此的灾难中,导向防护。使自己安稳。这是他的第二个已到达处、已达到处、从处所受用。
‘‘Puna caparaṃ, gahapati, ariyasāvako uṭṭhānavīriyādhigatehi bhogehi bāhābalaparicitehi sedāvakkhittehi dhammikehi dhammaladdhehi pañcabaliṃ kattā hoti – ñātibaliṃ, atithibaliṃ, pubbapetabaliṃ, rājabaliṃ, devatābaliṃ. Idamassa tatiyaṃ ṭhānagataṃ hoti pattagataṃ āyatanaso paribhuttaṃ.
「再者,居士,圣弟子以发勤精进所获得的、以臂力所积聚的、以汗水所得的、如法的、如法所得的财富,作五种供养——亲族供养、客人供养、先亡供养、国王供养、天人供养。这是他的第三个已到达处、已达到处、从处所受用。
‘‘Puna caparaṃ, gahapati, ariyasāvako uṭṭhānavīriyādhigatehi bhogehi bāhābalaparicitehi sedāvakkhittehi dhammikehi dhammaladdhehi ye te samaṇabrāhmaṇā madappamādā paṭiviratā khantisoracce niviṭṭhā ekamattānaṃ damenti, ekamattānaṃ samenti, ekamattānaṃ parinibbāpenti, tathārūpesu samaṇabrāhmaṇesu uddhaggikaṃ dakkhiṇaṃ patiṭṭhāpeti sovaggikaṃ sukhavipākaṃ saggasaṃvattanikaṃ . Idamassa catutthaṃ ṭhānagataṃ hoti pattagataṃ āyatanaso paribhuttaṃ.
「再者,居士,圣弟子以发勤精进所获得的、以臂力所积聚的、以汗水所得的、如法的、如法所得的财富,对于那些离醉与放逸、安住于忍辱柔和、调御自己、寂止自己、使自己般涅槃的沙门婆罗门,对如此的沙门婆罗门建立向上的、有天界果报的、有乐果报的、导向天界的布施。这是他的第四个已到达处、已达到处、从处所受用。
‘‘Sa kho so, gahapati, ariyasāvako uṭṭhānavīriyādhigatehi bhogehi bāhābalaparicitehi sedāvakkhittehi dhammikehi dhammaladdhehi imāni cattāri pattakammāni kattā hoti. Yassa kassaci, gahapati, aññatra imehi catūhi pattakammehi bhogā parikkhayaṃ gacchanti, ime vuccanti, gahapati, bhogā aṭṭhānagatā apattagatā anāyatanaso paribhuttā. Yassa kassaci, gahapati, imehi catūhi pattakammehi bhogā parikkhayaṃ gacchanti, ime vuccanti, gahapati, bhogā ṭhānagatā pattagatā āyatanaso paribhuttā’’ti.
「居士!那位圣弟子以精勤之力所获得的、以臂力所积聚的、汗水所浇灌的、如法的、如法所得的财富,做这四种适当的业。居士!凡是除了这四种适当的业之外而财富耗尽者,居士!这些被称为财富去到了不适当处、去到了不适当处、不合理地被受用。居士!凡是以这四种适当的业而财富耗尽者,居士!这些被称为财富去到了适当处、去到了适当处、合理地被受用。」
‘‘Bhuttā bhogā bhatā bhaccā , vitiṇṇā āpadāsu me;
「财富已受用,亲族已扶养,我的灾难已度过;
Uddhaggā dakkhiṇā dinnā, atho pañcabalī katā;
已布施崇高的供养,又已作五种供养;
Upaṭṭhitā sīlavanto, saññatā brahmacārayo.
已供养具戒者、自制的梵行者。
‘‘Yadatthaṃ bhogaṃ iccheyya, paṇḍito gharamāvasaṃ;
「贤智者住在家中,为了何种目的而希求财富;
So me attho anuppatto, kataṃ ananutāpiyaṃ.
我的目的已达成,已作不后悔之事。
‘‘Etaṃ anussaraṃ macco, ariyadhamme ṭhito naro;
「忆念此事的凡夫,住立于圣法的人;
Idheva naṃ pasaṃsanti, pecca sagge pamodatī’’ti. paṭhamaṃ;
在此世他们赞叹他,死后在天界欢喜。」第一经
2. Ānaṇyasuttaṃ2. 无债经
§62
Atha kho anāthapiṇḍiko gahapati yena bhagavā tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā bhagavantaṃ abhivādetvā ekamantaṃ nisīdi. Ekamantaṃ nisinnaṃ kho anāthapiṇḍikaṃ gahapatiṃ bhagavā etadavoca –
那时,阿那他宾地咖居士前往世尊所在之处;抵达后,礼敬世尊,坐于一旁。世尊对坐于一旁的阿那他宾地咖居士如此说——
‘‘Cattārimāni, gahapati, sukhāni adhigamanīyāni gihinā kāmabhoginā kālena kālaṃ samayena samayaṃ upādāya. Katamāni cattāri? Atthisukhaṃ, bhogasukhaṃ, ānaṇyasukhaṃ , anavajjasukhaṃ.
「居士,有这四种乐,是在家享受诸欲者应时时、随时随机获得的。是哪四种?拥有乐、受用乐、无债乐、无过乐。
‘‘Katamañca, gahapati, atthisukhaṃ? Idha, gahapati, kulaputtassa bhogā honti uṭṭhānavīriyādhigatā bāhābalaparicitā sedāvakkhittā dhammikā dhammaladdhā . So ‘bhogā me atthi uṭṭhānavīriyādhigatā bāhābalaparicitā sedāvakkhittā dhammikā dhammaladdhā’ti adhigacchati sukhaṃ, adhigacchati somanassaṃ. Idaṃ vuccati, gahapati, atthisukhaṃ.
「居士,什么是拥有乐?居士,于此,善男子拥有财富,是以精勤努力获得的、以臂力积聚的、以汗水赚取的、如法的、如法获得的。他『我拥有财富,是以精勤努力获得的、以臂力积聚的、以汗水赚取的、如法的、如法获得的』,获得乐,获得喜悦。居士,这称为拥有乐。
‘‘Katamañca, gahapati, bhogasukhaṃ? Idha, gahapati, kulaputto uṭṭhānavīriyādhigatehi bhogehi bāhābalaparicitehi sedāvakkhittehi dhammikehi dhammaladdhehi paribhuñjati puññāni ca karoti. So ‘uṭṭhānavīriyādhigatehi bhogehi bāhābalaparicitehi sedāvakkhittehi dhammikehi dhammaladdhehi paribhuñjāmi puññāni ca karomī’ti adhigacchati sukhaṃ, adhigacchati somanassaṃ. Idaṃ vuccati, gahapati, bhogasukhaṃ .
「居士,什么是受用乐?居士,于此,善男子以精勤努力获得的、以臂力积聚的、以汗水赚取的、如法的、如法获得的财富来受用,并且作福德。他『我以精勤努力获得的、以臂力积聚的、以汗水赚取的、如法的、如法获得的财富来受用,并且作福德』,获得乐,获得喜悦。居士,这称为受用乐。
‘‘Katamañca, gahapati, ānaṇyasukhaṃ? Idha, gahapati, kulaputto na kassaci kiñci dhāreti appaṃ vā bahuṃ vā. So ‘na kassaci kiñci dhāremi appaṃ vā bahuṃ vā’ti adhigacchati sukhaṃ, adhigacchati somanassaṃ. Idaṃ vuccati, gahapati, ānaṇyasukhaṃ.
「居士,什么是无债乐?居士,于此,善男子不欠任何人任何东西,无论少或多。他『我不欠任何人任何东西,无论少或多』,获得乐,获得喜悦。居士,这称为无债乐。
‘‘Katamañca, gahapati, anavajjasukhaṃ? Idha, gahapati, ariyasāvako anavajjena kāyakammena samannāgato hoti, anavajjena vacīkammena samannāgato hoti, anavajjena manokammena samannāgato hoti. So ‘anavajjenamhi kāyakammena samannāgato, anavajjena vacīkammena samannāgato, anavajjena manokammena samannāgato’ti adhigacchati sukhaṃ, adhigacchati somanassaṃ. Idaṃ vuccati, gahapati, anavajjasukhaṃ. Imāni kho, gahapati, cattāri sukhāni adhigamanīyāni gihinā kāmabhoginā kālena kālaṃ samayena samayaṃ upādāyā’’ti.
「居士,什么是无过乐?居士,于此,圣弟子具足无过失的身业、具足无过失的语业、具足无过失的意业。他『我具足无过失的身业、具足无过失的语业、具足无过失的意业』,获得乐,获得喜悦。居士,这称为无过乐。居士,这四种乐,是在家享受诸欲者应时时、随时随机获得的。」
‘‘Ānaṇyasukhaṃ ñatvāna, atho atthisukhaṃ paraṃ;
「知无债乐,以及拥有乐为上,
Bhuñjaṃ bhogasukhaṃ macco, tato paññā vipassati.
受用受用乐的凡夫,然后以慧观察。」
‘‘Vipassamāno jānāti, ubho bhoge sumedhaso;
「具慧者观察而知，两种财富；
Anavajjasukhassetaṃ, kalaṃ nāgghati soḷasi’’nti. dutiyaṃ;
「这是无过失乐的，十六分之一也不及。」第二经。
3. Brahmasuttaṃ3. 梵天经
§63
‘‘Sabrahmakāni, bhikkhave , tāni kulāni yesaṃ puttānaṃ mātāpitaro ajjhāgāre pūjitā honti. Sapubbācariyakāni, bhikkhave, tāni kulāni , yesaṃ puttānaṃ mātāpitaro ajjhāgāre pūjitā honti. Sapubbadevatāni , bhikkhave, tāni kulāni yesaṃ puttānaṃ mātāpitaro ajjhāgāre pūjitā honti. Sāhuneyyakāni, bhikkhave, tāni kulāni yesaṃ puttānaṃ mātāpitaro ajjhāgāre pūjitā honti.
「诸比库，凡是儿子在家中恭敬父母的那些家族，是有梵天的。诸比库，凡是儿子在家中恭敬父母的那些家族，是有先前导师的。诸比库，凡是儿子在家中恭敬父母的那些家族，是有先前天神的。诸比库，凡是儿子在家中恭敬父母的那些家族，是值得供养的。
‘‘Brahmāti, bhikkhave, mātāpitūnaṃ etaṃ adhivacanaṃ. Pubbācariyāti, bhikkhave, mātāpitūnaṃ etaṃ adhivacanaṃ. Pubbadevatāti , bhikkhave, mātāpitūnaṃ etaṃ adhivacanaṃ. Āhuneyyāti, bhikkhave, mātāpitūnaṃ etaṃ adhivacanaṃ. Taṃ kissa hetu? Bahukārā, bhikkhave, mātāpitaro, puttānaṃ āpādakā posakā imassa lokassa dassetāro’’ti.
「诸比库，『梵天』，这是父母的同义语。诸比库，『先前导师』，这是父母的同义语。诸比库，『先前天神』，这是父母的同义语。诸比库，『值得供养者』，这是父母的同义语。那是什么原因呢?诸比库,父母对儿子有大恩德,是生养者、抚育者、这个世间的指示者。」
‘‘Brahmāti mātāpitaro, pubbācariyāti vuccare;
「父母被称为梵天,被称为先前导师;
Āhuneyyā ca puttānaṃ, pajāya anukampakā.
「对儿子是值得供养者,对子孙是怜愍者。
‘‘Tasmā hi ne namasseyya, sakkareyya ca paṇḍito;
「因此,贤智者应礼敬他们,应恭敬他们;
Annena atha pānena, vatthena sayanena ca;
「以食物、以饮料,以衣服、以卧具;
Ucchādanena nhāpanena, pādānaṃ dhovanena ca.
以涂油、沐浴、洗足，
‘‘Tāya naṃ pāricariyāya, mātāpitūsu paṇḍitā;
「以那样的须跋，对父母，诸贤者
Idheva naṃ pasaṃsanti, pecca sagge pamodatī’’ti. tatiyaṃ;
在此世赞叹他，死后在天界欢喜。」第三
4. Nirayasuttaṃ4. 地狱经
§64
‘‘Catūhi , bhikkhave, dhammehi samannāgato yathābhataṃ nikkhitto evaṃ niraye. Katamehi catūhi? Pāṇātipātī hoti, adinnādāyī hoti, kāmesumicchācārī hoti, musāvādī hoti – imehi kho, bhikkhave, catūhi dhammehi samannāgato yathābhataṃ nikkhitto evaṃ niraye’’ti.
「诸比库，具足四法者，如所持来般被投入地狱。哪四种？杀生者、不与取者、欲邪行者、妄语者——诸比库，具足这四法者，如所持来般被投入地狱。」
‘‘Pāṇātipāto adinnādānaṃ, musāvādo ca vuccati;
「杀生、不与取、妄语被说，
Paradāragamanañcāpi, nappasaṃsanti paṇḍitā’’ti. catutthaṃ;
以及前往他人之妻，诸贤者不赞叹。」第四
5. Rūpasuttaṃ5. 色经
§65
‘‘Cattārome, bhikkhave, puggalā santo saṃvijjamānā lokasmiṃ. Katame cattāro? Rūpappamāṇo rūpappasanno, ghosappamāṇo ghosappasanno , lūkhappamāṇo lūkhappasanno, dhammappamāṇo dhammappasanno – ime kho, bhikkhave, cattāro puggalā santo saṃvijjamānā lokasmi’’nti.
「诸比库，这四种人存在、出现于世间。哪四种？以色为量、喜色者，以声为量、喜声者，以粗为量、喜粗者，以法为量、喜法者——诸比库，这四种人存在、出现于世间。」
‘‘Ye ca rūpe pamāṇiṃsu , ye ca ghosena anvagū;
「凡以色为量者，凡随声而行者，
Chandarāgavasūpetā, nābhijānanti te janā .
被欲贪所制伏，那些人不了知。
‘‘Ajjhattañca na jānāti, bahiddhā ca na passati;
「于内不了知，于外不见；
Samantāvaraṇo bālo, sa ve ghosena vuyhati.
愚者被完全遮蔽，他确实被声音所牵引。
‘‘Ajjhattañca na jānāti, bahiddhā ca vipassati;
「于内不了知，于外观见；
Bahiddhā phaladassāvī, sopi ghosena vuyhati.
于外见果者，他也被声音所牵引。
‘‘Ajjhattañca pajānāti, bahiddhā ca vipassati;
「于内了知，于外观见；
Vinīvaraṇadassāvī, na so ghosena vuyhatī’’ti. pañcamaṃ;
离盖见者，他不被声音所牵引。」第五。
6. Sarāgasuttaṃ6. 有贪经
§66
‘‘Cattārome, bhikkhave, puggalā santo saṃvijjamānā lokasmiṃ. Katame cattāro? Sarāgo, sadoso, samoho, samāno – ime kho, bhikkhave, cattāro puggalā santo saṃvijjamānā lokasmi’’nti.
「诸比库！这四种人存在、出现于世间。哪四种？有贪者、有嗔者、有痴者、有慢者——诸比库！这四种人存在、出现于世间。」
‘‘Sārattā rajanīyesu, piyarūpābhinandino;
「对诸可染之法贪染,喜乐可爱之色,」
Mohena āvutā sattā, baddhā vaḍḍhenti bandhanaṃ.
「诸有情被痴所覆,被缚者增长束缚。」
‘‘Rāgajaṃ dosajañcāpi, mohajaṃ cāpaviddasū;
「由贪生、由嗔生,以及由痴生,」
Karontākusalaṃ kammaṃ , savighātaṃ dukhudrayaṃ.
「造作不善业,有障碍、苦果报。」
‘‘Avijjānivutā posā, andhabhūtā acakkhukā;
「诸人被无明所覆,成为盲者、无眼者,」
Yathā dhammā tathā santā, na tassevanti maññare’’ti. chaṭṭhaṃ;
「诸法如其实相而住,他们不如实思量。」第六经
7. Ahirājasuttaṃ7. 蛇王经
§67
Ekaṃ samayaṃ bhagavā sāvatthiyaṃ viharati jetavane anāthapiṇḍikassa ārāme. Tena kho pana samayena sāvatthiyaṃ aññataro bhikkhu ahinā daṭṭho kālaṅkato hoti. Atha kho sambahulā bhikkhū yena bhagavā tenupasaṅkamiṃsu; upasaṅkamitvā bhagavantaṃ abhivādetvā ekamantaṃ nisīdiṃsu. Ekamantaṃ nisinnā kho te bhikkhū bhagavantaṃ etadavocuṃ – ‘‘idha , bhante, sāvatthiyaṃ aññataro bhikkhu ahinā daṭṭho kālaṅkato’’ti.
一时,世尊住在沙瓦提城揭德林给孤独园。尔时,在沙瓦提城,某位比库被蛇咬而死时。于是,众多比库前往世尊处;抵达后,礼敬世尊,坐于一旁。坐于一旁的那些比库对世尊如此说:「尊者,在此沙瓦提城,某位比库被蛇咬而死时。」
‘‘Na hi nūna so, bhikkhave, bhikkhu cattāri ahirājakulāni mettena cittena phari. Sace hi so, bhikkhave, bhikkhu cattāri ahirājakulāni mettena cittena phareyya, na hi so, bhikkhave, bhikkhu ahinā daṭṭho kālaṅkareyya.
「诸比库,那位比库确实未以慈心遍满四蛇王族。诸比库,如果那位比库以慈心遍满四蛇王族,诸比库,那位比库就不会被蛇咬而死时。」
‘‘Katamāni cattāri? Virūpakkhaṃ ahirājakulaṃ, erāpathaṃ ahirājakulaṃ, chabyāputtaṃ ahirājakulaṃ, kaṇhāgotamakaṃ ahirājakulaṃ. Na hi nūna so, bhikkhave, bhikkhu imāni cattāri ahirājakulāni mettena cittena phari. Sace hi so, bhikkhave, bhikkhu imāni cattāri ahirājakulāni mettena cittena phareyya, na hi so, bhikkhave, bhikkhu ahinā daṭṭho kālaṅkareyya.
「哪四种呢?韦卢巴卡龙王族、伊拉巴他龙王族、洽比亚子龙王族、黑果德玛龙王族。诸比库,那位比库确实没有以慈心遍满这四种龙王族。诸比库,如果那位比库以慈心遍满这四种龙王族,诸比库,那位比库被蛇咬后就不会命终。」
‘‘Anujānāmi, bhikkhave, imāni cattāri ahirājakulāni mettena cittena pharituṃ attaguttiyā attarakkhāya attaparittāyā’’ti.
「诸比库,我允许以慈心遍满这四种龙王族,为了自护、自守护、自护卫。」
‘‘Virūpakkhehi me mettaṃ, mettaṃ erāpathehi me;
「愿我对韦卢巴卡们有慈,愿我对伊拉巴他们有慈;
Chabyāputtehi me mettaṃ, mettaṃ kaṇhāgotamakehi ca.
愿我对洽比亚子们有慈,愿我对黑果德玛们有慈。
‘‘Apādakehi me mettaṃ, mettaṃ dvipādakehi me;
愿我对无足者有慈,愿我对二足者有慈;
Catuppadehi me mettaṃ, mettaṃ bahuppadehi me.
愿我对四足者有慈,愿我对多足者有慈。
‘‘Mā maṃ apādako hiṃsi, mā maṃ hiṃsi dvipādako ;
愿无足者不伤害我,愿二足者不伤害我;
Mā maṃ catuppado hiṃsi, mā maṃ hiṃsi bahuppado.
愿四足者不伤害我,愿多足者不伤害我。
‘‘Sabbe sattā sabbe pāṇā, sabbe bhūtā ca kevalā;
「一切有情、一切生类、一切众生、一切生物，
Sabbe bhadrāni passantu, mā kañci pāpamāgamā.
愿一切见诸吉祥，愿恶不降临任何人。
‘‘Appamāṇo buddho, appamāṇo dhammo;
「无量是佛，无量是法，
Appamāṇo saṅgho, pamāṇavantāni sarīsapāni .
无量是僧伽，有量的是诸爬虫类。
‘‘Ahivicchikā satapadī, uṇṇanābhī sarabū mūsikā;
「蛇、蝎、蜈蚣、蜘蛛、蜥蜴、老鼠，
Katā me rakkhā katā me parittā , paṭikkamantu bhūtāni;
我已作防护，我已作护卫，愿诸众生退去；
Sohaṃ namo bhagavato, namo sattannaṃ sammāsambuddhāna’’nti. sattamaṃ;
我礼敬世尊，礼敬七位正等正觉者。」第七
8. Devadattasuttaṃ8. 迭瓦达德经
§68
Ekaṃ samayaṃ bhagavā rājagahe viharati gijjhakūṭe pabbate acirapakkante devadatte. Tatra kho bhagavā devadattaṃ ārabbha bhikkhū āmantesi – ‘‘attavadhāya, bhikkhave , devadattassa lābhasakkārasiloko udapādi. Parābhavāya, bhikkhave, devadattassa lābhasakkārasiloko udapādi.
一时，世尊住在王舍城鹫峰山，迭瓦达德刚离去不久。在那里，世尊就迭瓦达德之事告诉诸比库：「诸比库！利养、恭敬、名声的生起，是为了迭瓦达德的自我毁灭。诸比库！利养、恭敬、名声的生起，是为了迭瓦达德的败坏。
‘‘Seyyathāpi, bhikkhave, kadalī attavadhāya phalaṃ deti, parābhavāya phalaṃ deti; evamevaṃ kho, bhikkhave, attavadhāya devadattassa lābhasakkārasiloko udapādi, parābhavāya devadattassa lābhasakkārasiloko udapādi.
「诸比库,譬如芭蕉为自己的毁灭而结果,为自己的败亡而结果;诸比库,同样地,迭瓦达德的利养、恭敬、名声为自己的毁灭而生起,迭瓦达德的利养、恭敬、名声为自己的败亡而生起。
‘‘Seyyathāpi, bhikkhave, veḷu attavadhāya phalaṃ deti, parābhavāya phalaṃ deti; evamevaṃ kho, bhikkhave, attavadhāya devadattassa lābhasakkārasiloko udapādi, parābhavāya devadattassa lābhasakkārasiloko udapādi.
「诸比库,譬如竹为自己的毁灭而结果,为自己的败亡而结果;诸比库,同样地,迭瓦达德的利养、恭敬、名声为自己的毁灭而生起,迭瓦达德的利养、恭敬、名声为自己的败亡而生起。
‘‘Seyyathāpi, bhikkhave, naḷo attavadhāya phalaṃ deti, parābhavāya phalaṃ deti; evamevaṃ kho, bhikkhave, attavadhāya devadattassa lābhasakkārasiloko udapādi, parābhavāya devadattassa lābhasakkārasiloko udapādi.
「诸比库,譬如芦苇为自己的毁灭而结果,为自己的败亡而结果;诸比库,同样地,迭瓦达德的利养、恭敬、名声为自己的毁灭而生起,迭瓦达德的利养、恭敬、名声为自己的败亡而生起。
‘‘Seyyathāpi, bhikkhave, assatarī attavadhāya gabbhaṃ gaṇhāti, parābhavāya gabbhaṃ gaṇhāti; evamevaṃ kho, bhikkhave, attavadhāya devadattassa lābhasakkārasiloko udapādi, parābhavāya devadattassa lābhasakkārasiloko udapādī’’ti.
「诸比库,譬如母骡为自己的毁灭而怀胎,为自己的败亡而怀胎;诸比库,同样地,迭瓦达德的利养、恭敬、名声为自己的毁灭而生起,迭瓦达德的利养、恭敬、名声为自己的败亡而生起。」
‘‘Phalaṃ ve kadaliṃ hanti, phalaṃ veḷuṃ phalaṃ naḷaṃ;
「果实杀害芭蕉,果实杀害竹,果实杀害芦苇;
Sakkāro kāpurisaṃ hanti, gabbho assatariṃ yathā’’ti . aṭṭhamaṃ;
恭敬杀害恶人,如胎杀害母骡。」第八
9. Padhānasuttaṃ9. 精勤经
§69
‘‘Cattārimāni , bhikkhave, padhānāni. Katamāni cattāri? Saṃvarappadhānaṃ, pahānappadhānaṃ, bhāvanāppadhānaṃ, anurakkhaṇāppadhānaṃ. Katamañca, bhikkhave, saṃvarappadhānaṃ? Idha, bhikkhave, bhikkhu anuppannānaṃ pāpakānaṃ akusalānaṃ dhammānaṃ anuppādāya chandaṃ janeti vāyamati vīriyaṃ ārabhati cittaṃ paggaṇhāti padahati. Idaṃ vuccati, bhikkhave, saṃvarappadhānaṃ.
「诸比库,有这四种精勤。哪四种?律仪精勤、断精勤、修习精勤、随护精勤。诸比库,什么是律仪精勤?诸比库,于此,比库为了未生起的诸恶不善法不生起,生起欲,努力,发勤精进,策励心,精勤。诸比库,这称为律仪精勤。
‘‘Katamañca, bhikkhave, pahānappadhānaṃ? Idha, bhikkhave, bhikkhu uppannānaṃ pāpakānaṃ akusalānaṃ dhammānaṃ pahānāya chandaṃ janeti vāyamati vīriyaṃ ārabhati cittaṃ paggaṇhāti padahati. Idaṃ vuccati, bhikkhave, pahānappadhānaṃ.
「诸比库,什么是断精勤?诸比库,于此,比库为了断除已生起的诸恶不善法,生起欲,努力,发勤精进,策励心,精勤。诸比库,这称为断精勤。
‘‘Katamañca, bhikkhave, bhāvanāppadhānaṃ? Idha, bhikkhave, bhikkhu anuppannānaṃ kusalānaṃ dhammānaṃ uppādāya chandaṃ janeti vāyamati vīriyaṃ ārabhati cittaṃ paggaṇhāti padahati. Idaṃ vuccati, bhikkhave, bhāvanāppadhānaṃ.
「诸比库,什么是修习精勤?诸比库,于此,比库为了未生起的诸善法生起,生起欲,努力,激发精进,策励心,精勤。诸比库,这称为修习精勤。
‘‘Katamañca, bhikkhave, anurakkhaṇāppadhānaṃ? Idha, bhikkhave, bhikkhu uppannānaṃ kusalānaṃ dhammānaṃ ṭhitiyā asammosāya bhiyyobhāvāya vepullāya bhāvanāya pāripūriyā chandaṃ janeti vāyamati vīriyaṃ ārabhati cittaṃ paggaṇhāti padahati. Idaṃ vuccati, bhikkhave, anurakkhaṇāppadhānaṃ. Imāni kho, bhikkhave, cattāri padhānānī’’ti.
「诸比库,什么是守护精勤?诸比库,于此,比库为了已生起的诸善法住立、不失、增长、广大、修习、圆满,生起欲,努力,激发精进,策励心,精勤。诸比库,这称为守护精勤。诸比库,这些是四精勤。」
‘‘Saṃvaro ca pahānañca, bhāvanā anurakkhaṇā;
「防护与断除,修习与守护;
Ete padhānā cattāro, desitādiccabandhunā;
这四种精勤,由太阳族亲所教导;
Yo hi bhikkhu idhātāpī, khayaṃ dukkhassa pāpuṇe’’ti. navamaṃ;
于此热诚的比库,能达到苦的灭尽。」第九经
10. Adhammikasuttaṃ10. 非法经
§70
‘‘Yasmiṃ , bhikkhave, samaye rājāno adhammikā honti, rājāyuttāpi tasmiṃ samaye adhammikā honti. Rājāyuttesu adhammikesu brāhmaṇagahapatikāpi tasmiṃ samaye adhammikā honti. Brāhmaṇagahapatikesu adhammikesu negamajānapadāpi tasmiṃ samaye adhammikā honti. Negamajānapadesu adhammikesu visamaṃ candimasūriyā parivattanti . Visamaṃ candimasūriyesu parivattantesu visamaṃ nakkhattāni tārakarūpāni parivattanti. Visamaṃ nakkhattesu tārakarūpesu parivattantesu visamaṃ rattindivā parivattanti. Visamaṃ rattindivesu parivattantesu visamaṃ māsaddhamāsā parivattanti. Visamaṃ māsaddhamāsesu parivattantesu visamaṃ utusaṃvaccharā parivattanti. Visamaṃ utusaṃvaccharesu parivattantesu visamaṃ vātā vāyanti visamā apañjasā . Visamaṃ vātesu vāyantesu visamesu apañjasesu devatā parikupitā bhavanti. Devatāsu parikupitāsu devo na sammā dhāraṃ anuppavecchati. Deve na sammā dhāraṃ anuppavecchante visamapākāni sassāni bhavanti. Visamapākāni, bhikkhave, sassāni manussā paribhuñjantā appāyukā honti dubbaṇṇā ca bavhābādhā ca.
「诸比库,当国王不如法时,在那时王臣也不如法。当王臣不如法时,在那时婆罗门居士也不如法。当婆罗门居士不如法时,在那时城镇乡村也不如法。当城镇乡村不如法时,月亮太阳不平等地运转。当月亮太阳不平等地运转时,星宿星辰不平等地运转。当星宿星辰不平等地运转时,昼夜不平等地运转。当昼夜不平等地运转时,月半月不平等地运转。当月半月不平等地运转时,季节年岁不平等地运转。当季节年岁不平等地运转时,风不平等地吹,不平等,不正直。当风不平等地吹,不平等,不正直时,诸天人被激怒。当诸天人被激怒时,天不正确地降雨。当天不正确地降雨时,诸谷物成熟不平等。诸比库,人们食用成熟不平等的诸谷物,寿命短,容色恶,多病。
‘‘Yasmiṃ, bhikkhave, samaye rājāno dhammikā honti, rājāyuttāpi tasmiṃ samaye dhammikā honti. Rājāyuttesu dhammikesu brāhmaṇagahapatikāpi tasmiṃ samaye dhammikā honti. Brāhmaṇagahapatikesu dhammikesu negamajānapadāpi tasmiṃ samaye dhammikā honti. Negamajānapadesu dhammikesu samaṃ candimasūriyā parivattanti. Samaṃ candimasūriyesu parivattantesu samaṃ nakkhattāni tārakarūpāni parivattanti. Samaṃ nakkhattesu tārakarūpesu parivattantesu samaṃ rattindivā parivattanti. Samaṃ rattindivesu parivattantesu samaṃ māsaddhamāsā parivattanti. Samaṃ māsaddhamāsesu parivattantesu samaṃ utusaṃvaccharā parivattanti. Samaṃ utusaṃvaccharesu parivattantesu samaṃ vātā vāyanti samā pañjasā. Samaṃ vātesu vāyantesu samesu pañjasesu devatā aparikupitā bhavanti. Devatāsu aparikupitāsu devo sammā dhāraṃ anuppavecchati. Deve sammā dhāraṃ anuppavecchante samapākāni sassāni bhavanti. Samapākāni, bhikkhave, sassāni manussā paribhuñjantā dīghāyukā ca honti vaṇṇavanto ca balavanto ca appābādhā cā’’ti.
「诸比库,当国王如法时,在那时王臣也如法。当王臣如法时,在那时婆罗门居士也如法。当婆罗门居士如法时,在那时城镇乡村也如法。当城镇乡村如法时,月亮太阳平等地运转。当月亮太阳平等地运转时,星宿星辰平等地运转。当星宿星辰平等地运转时,昼夜平等地运转。当昼夜平等地运转时,月半月平等地运转。当月半月平等地运转时,季节年岁平等地运转。当季节年岁平等地运转时,风平等地吹,平等,正直。当风平等地吹,平等,正直时,诸天人不被激怒。当诸天人不被激怒时,天正确地降雨。当天正确地降雨时,诸谷物成熟平等。诸比库,人们食用成熟平等的诸谷物,长寿,容色美,有力,少病。」
‘‘Gunnaṃ ce taramānānaṃ, jimhaṃ gacchati puṅgavo;
「如果拉车的公牛,走得弯曲;
Sabbā tā jimhaṃ gacchanti, nette jimhaṃ gate sati.
当领头者走歪时,一切都走歪。
‘‘Evamevaṃ manussesu, yo hoti seṭṭhasammato;
同样地,在人类中,谁被认为是最胜者;
So ce adhammaṃ carati, pageva itarā pajā;
如果他行非法,何况其他民众;
Sabbaṃ raṭṭhaṃ dukkhaṃ seti, rājā ce hoti adhammiko.
全国都住于苦,如果国王是非法者。
‘‘Gunnaṃ ce taramānānaṃ, ujuṃ gacchati puṅgavo;
如果拉车的公牛走正直,
Sabbā tā ujuṃ gacchanti, nette ujuṃ gate sati.
当领头者走正直时,一切都走正直。
‘‘Evamevaṃ manussesu, yo hoti seṭṭhasammato;
同样地,在人类中,谁被认为是最胜者;
So sace dhammaṃ carati, pageva itarā pajā;
如果他行法,何况其他民众;
Sabbaṃ raṭṭhaṃ sukhaṃ seti, rājā ce hoti dhammiko’’ti. dasamaṃ;
「若国王如法，全国安乐而住。」第十经
Pattakammavaggo dutiyo. · 应得业品第二
Tassuddānaṃ –
其摄颂——
Pattakammaṃ ānaṇyako , sabrahmanirayā rūpena pañcamaṃ;
已作业、无债者，与梵天、地狱、以色为第五；
Sarāgaahirājā devadatto, padhānaṃ adhammikena cāti.
有贪、蛇王、天授，精勤、以非法者。