4. Cakkavaggo4. 轮品
4. Cakkavaggo4. 轮品
1. Cakkasuttaṃ1. 轮经
§31
‘‘Cattārimāni , bhikkhave, cakkāni, yehi samannāgatānaṃ devamanussānaṃ catucakkaṃ vattati, yehi samannāgatā devamanussā nacirasseva mahantattaṃ vepullattaṃ pāpuṇanti bhogesu. Katamāni cattāri? Patirūpadesavāso, sappurisāvassayo , attasammāpaṇidhi, pubbe ca katapuññatā – imāni kho, bhikkhave, cattāri cakkāni, yehi samannāgatānaṃ devamanussānaṃ catucakkaṃ vattati, yehi samannāgatā devamanussā nacirasseva mahantattaṃ vepullattaṃ pāpuṇanti bhogesū’’ti.
「诸比库,这四轮,具足这些的天人四轮转动,具足这些的天人不久即达到财富的伟大与广大。哪四种?住于适当的地方、依止善人、自己的正确志向、以及过去所作的福德——诸比库,这四轮,具足这些的天人四轮转动,具足这些的天人不久即达到财富的伟大与广大。」
‘‘Patirūpe vase dese, ariyamittakaro siyā;
「应住于适当的地方,应作圣者之友;
Sammāpaṇidhisampanno, pubbe puññakato naro;
具足正确的志向,过去作福德的人;
Dhaññaṃ dhanaṃ yaso kitti, sukhañcetaṃdhivattatī’’ti. paṭhamaṃ;
谷物、财富、名声、声誉,以及快乐,这些都增长。」
2. Saṅgahasuttaṃ2. 摄经
§32
‘‘Cattārimāni, bhikkhave, saṅgahavatthūni. Katamāni cattāri? Dānaṃ, peyyavajjaṃ, atthacariyā, samānattatā – imāni kho, bhikkhave, cattāri saṅgahavatthūnī’’ti.
「诸比库,这四摄事。哪四种?布施、爱语、利行、同事——诸比库,这四摄事。」
‘‘Dānañca peyyavajjañca , atthacariyā ca yā idha;
「布施与爱语,以及这里的利行;
Samānattatā ca dhammesu, tattha tattha yathārahaṃ;
以及在诸法中的同事,在各处如其所应;
Ete kho saṅgahā loke, rathassāṇīva yāyato.
这些摄事在世间,犹如行进的车之辖。」
‘‘Ete ca saṅgahā nāssu, na mātā puttakāraṇā;
「若无这些摄受,母亲因儿子之故;
Labhetha mānaṃ pūjaṃ vā, pitā vā puttakāraṇā.
不会获得尊敬或供养,父亲也因儿子之故。
‘‘Yasmā ca saṅgahā ete, samavekkhanti paṇḍitā;
「正因为有这些摄受,智者们观察;
Tasmā mahattaṃ papponti, pāsaṃsā ca bhavanti te’’ti. dutiyaṃ;
因此他们获得伟大,他们受到赞叹。」第二经。
3. Sīhasuttaṃ3. 狮子经
§33
‘‘Sīho , bhikkhave, migarājā sāyanhasamayaṃ āsayā nikkhamati. Āsayā nikkhamitvā vijambhati. Vijambhitvā samantā catuddisā anuviloketi. Samantā catuddisā anuviloketvā tikkhattuṃ sīhanādaṃ nadati. Tikkhattuṃ sīhanādaṃ naditvā gocarāya pakkamati. Ye kho pana te, bhikkhave, tiracchānagatā pāṇā sīhassa migarañño nadato saddaṃ suṇanti, te yebhuyyena bhayaṃ saṃvegaṃ santāsaṃ āpajjanti. Bilaṃ bilāsayā pavisanti, dakaṃ dakāsayā pavisanti, vanaṃ vanāsayā pavisanti, ākāsaṃ pakkhino bhajanti . Yepi te, bhikkhave, rañño nāgā gāmanigamarājadhānīsu daḷhehi varattehi bandhanehi baddhā, tepi tāni bandhanāni sañchinditvā sampadāletvā bhītā muttakarīsaṃ cajamānā yena vā tena vā palāyanti. Evaṃ mahiddhiko kho, bhikkhave, sīho migarājā tiracchānagatānaṃ pāṇānaṃ, evaṃ mahesakkho evaṃ mahānubhāvo.
「诸比库!狮子兽王在傍晚时分从巢穴出来。从巢穴出来后,它伸展身体。伸展身体后,它环顾四方。环顾四方后,它三次发出狮子吼。三次发出狮子吼后,它出发去觅食。诸比库!那些畜生道的众生听到狮子兽王吼叫的声音时,他们大多数陷入恐惧、惊慌、战栗。住洞穴者进入洞穴,住水中者进入水中,住森林者进入森林,鸟类飞向天空。诸比库!即使那些国王的象,在村、镇、王都中被坚固的皮带、绳索捆绑着,它们也会挣断、撕裂那些束缚,恐惧地排泄粪便,四处逃窜。诸比库!狮子兽王对畜生道的众生有如此大威力,有如此大威势,有如此大神通。
‘‘Evamevaṃ kho, bhikkhave, yadā tathāgato loke uppajjati arahaṃ sammāsambuddho vijjācaraṇasampanno sugato lokavidū anuttaro purisadammasārathi satthā devamanussānaṃ buddho bhagavā, so dhammaṃ deseti – ‘iti sakkāyo, iti sakkāyasamudayo, iti sakkāyanirodho , iti sakkāyanirodhagāminī paṭipadā’ti. Yepi te, bhikkhave, devā dīghāyukā vaṇṇavanto sukhabahulā uccesu vimānesu ciraṭṭhitikā, tepi tathāgatassa dhammadesanaṃ sutvā yebhuyyena bhayaṃ saṃvegaṃ santāsaṃ āpajjanti – ‘aniccā vata kira, bho, mayaṃ samānā niccamhāti amaññimha; addhuvā vata kira, bho, mayaṃ samānā dhuvamhāti amaññimha; asassatā vata kira, bho, mayaṃ samānā sassatamhāti amaññimha. Mayaṃ kira, bho, aniccā addhuvā asassatā sakkāyapariyāpannā’ti. Evaṃ mahiddhiko kho, bhikkhave, tathāgato sadevakassa lokassa, evaṃ mahesakkho evaṃ mahānubhāvo’’ti.
「诸比库!同样地,当如来在世间出现——阿拉汉、正等正觉者、明行具足者、善逝、世间解、无上士、调御丈夫者、天人师、佛、世尊,他说法——『如是为身,如是为身集,如是为身灭,如是为导向身灭之道。』诸比库!即使那些长寿的、美貌的、多乐的、久住于高大宫殿的天人们,听闻如来说法后,也大多数陷入恐惧、惊慌、战栗——『尊者!我们实是无常的,却以为是常的;我们实是不坚固的,却以为是坚固的;我们实是非恒久的,却以为是恒久的。尊者!我们实是无常的、不坚固的、非恒久的、被身所包摄的。』诸比库!如来对包括天人的世间有如此大威力,有如此大威势,有如此大神通。」
‘‘Yadā buddho abhiññāya, dhammacakkaṃ pavattayī;
「当佛陀以证智,转动法轮时;
Sadevakassa lokassa, satthā appaṭipuggalo.
包括天人的世间,无与伦比的导师。
‘‘Sakkāyañca nirodhañca, sakkāyassa ca sambhavaṃ;
「有身与灭，以及有身的集；
Ariyañcaṭṭhaṅgikaṃ maggaṃ, dukkhūpasamagāminaṃ.
以及八支圣道，导向苦的止息。
‘‘Yepi dīghāyukā devā, vaṇṇavanto yasassino;
「即使是长寿的天人们，具色、具名声者；
Bhītā santāsamāpāduṃ, sīhassevi’taremigā.
他们恐惧、达到惊惧，如鹿遇狮子。
‘‘Avītivattā sakkāyaṃ, aniccā kira bho mayaṃ;
「未超越有身，我们确实是无常的，尊者；
Sutvā arahato vākyaṃ, vippamuttassa tādino’’ti . tatiyaṃ;
听闻阿拉汉之语，已解脱的如是者。」第三
4. Aggappasādasuttaṃ4. 最上净信经
§34
‘‘Cattārome, bhikkhave, aggappasādā. Katame cattāro? Yāvatā, bhikkhave, sattā apadā vā dvipadā vā catuppadā vā bahuppadā vā rūpino vā arūpino vā saññino vā asaññino vā nevasaññināsaññino vā, tathāgato tesaṃ aggamakkhāyati arahaṃ sammāsambuddho. Ye, bhikkhave, buddhe pasannā, agge te pasannā. Agge kho pana pasannānaṃ aggo vipāko hoti.
「诸比库！有此四最上净信。哪四种？诸比库！凡诸有情——无足的、二足的、四足的、多足的、有色的、无色的、有想的、无想的、非想非非想的，如来被称为他们当中的最上者、阿拉汉、正等正觉者。诸比库！凡对佛净信者，他们是对最上者净信。对最上者净信者，果报是最上的。
‘‘Yāvatā, bhikkhave, dhammā saṅkhatā, ariyo aṭṭhaṅgiko maggo tesaṃ aggamakkhāyati. Ye, bhikkhave, ariye aṭṭhaṅgike magge pasannā, agge te pasannā. Agge kho pana pasannānaṃ aggo vipāko hoti.
「诸比库！凡诸有为法，八支圣道被称为它们当中的最上者。诸比库！凡对八支圣道净信者，他们是对最上者净信。对最上者净信者，果报是最上的。
‘‘Yāvatā, bhikkhave, dhammā saṅkhatā vā asaṅkhatā vā, virāgo tesaṃ aggamakkhāyati, yadidaṃ madanimmadano pipāsavinayo ālayasamugghāto vaṭṭupacchedo taṇhākkhayo virāgo nirodho nibbānaṃ. Ye, bhikkhave, virāge dhamme pasannā, agge te pasannā. Agge kho pana pasannānaṃ aggo vipāko hoti.
「诸比库!凡诸法,无论有为或无为,离贪被称为其中最上,即:醉的调伏、渴的去除、阿喇亚的根除、轮转的断绝、渴爱的灭尽、离贪、灭、涅槃。诸比库!凡对离贪法净信者,他们是对最上者净信。对最上者净信者,有最上的果报。」
‘‘Yāvatā , bhikkhave, saṅghā vā gaṇā vā, tathāgatasāvakasaṅgho tesaṃ aggamakkhāyati, yadidaṃ cattāri purisayugāni aṭṭha purisapuggalā esa bhagavato sāvakasaṅgho āhuneyyo pāhuneyyo dakkhiṇeyyo añjalikaraṇīyo anuttaraṃ puññakkhettaṃ lokassa. Ye , bhikkhave, saṅghe pasannā , agge te pasannā. Agge kho pana pasannānaṃ aggo vipāko hoti. Ime kho, bhikkhave, cattāro aggappasādā’’ti.
「诸比库!凡僧团或群体,如来声闻僧团被称为其中最上,即:四双人、八辈人,此世尊的声闻僧团,应受供养、应受供奉、应受布施、应受合掌,是世间无上的福田。诸比库!凡对僧团净信者,他们是对最上者净信。对最上者净信者,有最上的果报。诸比库!这些是四最上净信。」
‘‘Aggato ve pasannānaṃ, aggaṃ dhammaṃ vijānataṃ;
「对最上者净信者,了知最上法;」
Agge buddhe pasannānaṃ, dakkhiṇeyye anuttare.
「对最上佛陀净信者,应受供养的无上者。」
‘‘Agge dhamme pasannānaṃ, virāgūpasame sukhe;
「对最上法净信者,离贪寂止之乐;」
Agge saṅghe pasannānaṃ, puññakkhette anuttare.
「对最上僧团净信者,无上的福田。」
‘‘Aggasmiṃ dānaṃ dadataṃ, aggaṃ puññaṃ pavaḍḍhati;
「对最上者布施者,最上的福德增长;」
Aggaṃ āyu ca vaṇṇo ca, yaso kitti sukhaṃ balaṃ.
「最上的寿命与容色,名声、声誉、安乐、力量。」
‘‘Aggassa dātā medhāvī, aggadhammasamāhito;
「智者施予最上者,安住于最上法;
Devabhūto manusso vā, aggappatto pamodatī’’ti . catutthaṃ;
成为天人或人,达到最上而欢喜。」第四。
5. Vassakārasuttaṃ5. 瓦萨咖拉经
§35
Ekaṃ samayaṃ bhagavā rājagahe viharati veḷuvane kalandakanivāpe. Atha kho vassakāro brāhmaṇo magadhamahāmatto yena bhagavā tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā bhagavatā saddhiṃ sammodi. Sammodanīyaṃ kathaṃ sāraṇīyaṃ vītisāretvā ekamantaṃ nisīdi. Ekamantaṃ nisinno kho vassakāro brāhmaṇo magadhamahāmatto bhagavantaṃ etadavoca –
一时,世尊住在王舍城竹林栗鼠庇护所。时,瓦萨咖拉婆罗门,玛嘎塔大臣,前往世尊处;抵达后,与世尊互相问候。交换了友好、值得忆念的谈话后,在一旁坐下。在一旁坐下的瓦萨咖拉婆罗门,玛嘎塔大臣,对世尊如此说——
‘‘Catūhi kho mayaṃ, bho gotama, dhammehi samannāgataṃ mahāpaññaṃ mahāpurisaṃ paññāpema . Katamehi catūhi? Idha, bho gotama, bahussuto hoti tassa tasseva sutajātassa tassa tasseva kho pana bhāsitassa atthaṃ jānāti – ‘ayaṃ imassa bhāsitassa attho, ayaṃ imassa bhāsitassa attho’ti. Satimā kho pana hoti cirakatampi cirabhāsitampi saritā anussaritā yāni kho pana tāni gahaṭṭhakāni kiṃkaraṇīyāni, tattha dakkho hoti analaso, tatrupāyāya vīmaṃsāya samannāgato alaṃ kātuṃ alaṃ saṃvidhātuṃ. Imehi kho mayaṃ, bho gotama, catūhi dhammehi samannāgataṃ mahāpaññaṃ mahāpurisaṃ paññāpema. Sace me , bho gotama, anumoditabbaṃ anumodatu me bhavaṃ gotamo; sace pana me, bho gotama, paṭikkositabbaṃ paṭikkosatu me bhavaṃ gotamo’’ti.
「果德玛尊者,我们以四法具足者,施设为大慧大人。以哪四法?果德玛尊者,于此,多闻,对于各种所闻之类;对于各种所说之义能知——『这是此所说之义,这是此所说之义』。具念,能忆念、随念久已所作、久已所说者;对于诸在家应作之事,于此善巧,不懈怠,具足于此方便、思量,能作、能成办。果德玛尊者,我们以此四法具足者,施设为大慧大人。果德玛尊者,若我应随喜,请果德玛尊者随喜我;若我应呵责,请果德玛尊者呵责我。」
‘‘Neva kho tyāhaṃ, brāhmaṇa, anumodāmi na paṭikkosāmi . Catūhi kho ahaṃ, brāhmaṇa, dhammehi samannāgataṃ mahāpaññaṃ mahāpurisaṃ paññāpemi. Katamehi catūhi? Idha, brāhmaṇa, bahujanahitāya paṭipanno hoti bahujanasukhāya; bahussa janatā ariye ñāye patiṭṭhāpitā, yadidaṃ kalyāṇadhammatā kusaladhammatā. So yaṃ vitakkaṃ ākaṅkhati vitakketuṃ taṃ vitakkaṃ vitakketi, yaṃ vitakkaṃ nākaṅkhati vitakketuṃ na taṃ vitakkaṃ vitakketi; yaṃ saṅkappaṃ ākaṅkhati saṅkappetuṃ taṃ saṅkappaṃ saṅkappeti, yaṃ saṅkappaṃ nākaṅkhati saṅkappetuṃ na taṃ saṅkappaṃ saṅkappeti. Iti cetovasippatto hoti vitakkapathe. Catunnaṃ jhānānaṃ ābhicetasikānaṃ diṭṭhadhammasukhavihārānaṃ nikāmalābhī hoti akicchalābhī akasiralābhī. Āsavānaṃ khayā anāsavaṃ cetovimuttiṃ paññāvimuttiṃ diṭṭheva dhamme sayaṃ abhiññā sacchikatvā upasampajja viharati. Neva kho tyāhaṃ, brāhmaṇa, anumodāmi na pana paṭikkosāmi. Imehi kho ahaṃ, brāhmaṇa, catūhi dhammehi samannāgataṃ mahāpaññaṃ mahāpurisaṃ paññāpemī’’ti.
「婆罗门,我既不随喜你,也不呵责你。婆罗门,我以四法具足者,施设为大慧大人。以哪四法?婆罗门,于此,行于众人利益,行于众人安乐;许多人众安立于圣理,即善法性、善巧法性。他希望思惟何种寻,即思惟该寻;不希望思惟何种寻,即不思惟该寻;希望思考何种思,即思考该思;不希望思考何种思,即不思考该思。如此,于寻之道上得心自在。随意获得、无困难获得、无艰难获得四禅那,增上心,现法乐住。以诸漏尽,于现法中,以自己之证智作证、具足无漏心解脱、慧解脱而住。婆罗门,我既不随喜你,也不呵责你。婆罗门,我以此四法具足者,施设为大慧大人。」
‘‘Acchariyaṃ, bho gotama, abbhutaṃ, bho gotama! Yāva subhāsitaṃ cidaṃ bhotā gotamena. Imehi ca mayaṃ, bho gotama, catūhi dhammehi samannāgataṃ bhavantaṃ gotamaṃ dhārema; bhavañhi gotamo bahujanahitāya paṭipanno bahujanasukhāya; bahu te janatā ariye ñāye patiṭṭhāpitā, yadidaṃ kalyāṇadhammatā kusaladhammatā. Bhavañhi gotamo yaṃ vitakkaṃ ākaṅkhati vitakketuṃ taṃ vitakkaṃ vitakketi, yaṃ vitakkaṃ nākaṅkhati vitakketuṃ na taṃ vitakkaṃ vitakketi, yaṃ saṅkappaṃ ākaṅkhati saṅkappetuṃ taṃ saṅkappaṃ saṅkappeti, yaṃ saṅkappaṃ nākaṅkhati saṅkappetuṃ na taṃ saṅkappaṃ saṅkappeti. Bhavañhi gotamo cetovasippatto vitakkapathe. Bhavañhi gotamo catunnaṃ jhānānaṃ ābhicetasikānaṃ diṭṭhadhammasukhavihārānaṃ nikāmalābhī akicchalābhī akasiralābhī . Bhavañhi gotamo āsavānaṃ khayā anāsavaṃ cetovimuttiṃ paññāvimuttiṃ diṭṭheva dhamme sayaṃ abhiññā sacchikatvā upasampajja viharatī’’ti.
「果德玛尊者,不可思议!果德玛尊者,未曾有!这确实是果德玛尊者善说。果德玛尊者,我们以此四法具足者,持果德玛尊者;因为果德玛尊者行于众人利益,行于众人安乐;许多人众被安立于圣理,即善法性、善巧法性。因为果德玛尊者希望思惟何种寻,即思惟该寻;不希望思惟何种寻,即不思惟该寻;希望思考何种思,即思考该思;不希望思考何种思,即不思考该思。因为果德玛尊者于寻之道上得心自在。因为果德玛尊者随意获得、无困难获得、无艰难获得四禅那,增上心,现法乐住。因为果德玛尊者以诸漏尽,于现法中,以自己之证智作证、具足无漏心解脱、慧解脱而住。」
‘‘Addhā kho tyāhaṃ, brāhmaṇa, āsajja upanīya vācā bhāsitā. Api ca, tyāhaṃ byākarissāmi – ‘ahañhi, brāhmaṇa, bahujanahitāya paṭipanno bahujanasukhāya; bahu me janatā ariye ñāye patiṭṭhāpitā, yadidaṃ kalyāṇadhammatā kusaladhammatā. Ahañhi, brāhmaṇa, yaṃ vitakkaṃ ākaṅkhāmi vitakketuṃ taṃ vitakkaṃ vitakkemi, yaṃ vitakkaṃ nākaṅkhāmi vitakketuṃ na taṃ vitakkaṃ vitakkemi , yaṃ saṅkappaṃ ākaṅkhāmi saṅkappetuṃ taṃ saṅkappaṃ saṅkappemi, yaṃ saṅkappaṃ nākaṅkhāmi saṅkappetuṃ na taṃ saṅkappaṃ saṅkappemi. Ahañhi, brāhmaṇa, cetovasippatto vitakkapathe. Ahañhi, brāhmaṇa, catunnaṃ jhānānaṃ ābhicetasikānaṃ diṭṭhadhammasukhavihārānaṃ nikāmalābhī akicchalābhī akasiralābhī. Ahañhi, brāhmaṇa, āsavānaṃ khayā anāsavaṃ cetovimuttiṃ paññāvimuttiṃ diṭṭheva dhamme sayaṃ abhiññā sacchikatvā upasampajja viharāmī’’’ti.
「婆罗门,你确实说了触及、接近之语。然而,我将对你分别论——『婆罗门,我行于众人利益,行于众人安乐;许多人众被我安立于圣理,即善法性、善巧法性。婆罗门,我希望思惟何种寻,即思惟该寻;不希望思惟何种寻,即不思惟该寻;希望思考何种思,即思考该思;不希望思考何种思,即不思考该思。婆罗门,我于寻之道上得心自在。婆罗门,我随意获得、无困难获得、无艰难获得四禅那,增上心,现法乐住。婆罗门,我以诸漏尽,于现法中,以自己之证智作证、具足无漏心解脱、慧解脱而住。』」
‘‘Yo vedi sabbasattānaṃ, maccupāsappamocanaṃ;
「他知一切有情,从死缚中解脱;
Hitaṃ devamanussānaṃ, ñāyaṃ dhammaṃ pakāsayi;
为天人的利益,他阐明了应知的法;
Yaṃ ve disvā ca sutvā ca, pasīdanti bahū janā .
见到并听到它,众多人们生起净信。
‘‘Maggāmaggassa kusalo, katakicco anāsavo;
「善巧于道与非道,已作所作,无诸漏;
Buddho antimasārīro , ‘‘(mahāpañño) mahāpurisoti vuccatī’’ti. pañcamaṃ;
佛陀最后身,(大慧者)被称为大人。」第五经。
6. Doṇasuttaṃ6. 度那经
§36
Ekaṃ samayaṃ bhagavā antarā ca ukkaṭṭhaṃ antarā ca setabyaṃ addhānamaggappaṭipanno hoti. Doṇopi sudaṃ brāhmaṇo antarā ca ukkaṭṭhaṃ antarā ca setabyaṃ addhānamaggappaṭipanno hoti. Addasā kho doṇo brāhmaṇo bhagavato pādesu cakkāni sahassārāni sanemikāni sanābhikāni sabbākāraparipūrāni; disvānassa etadahosi – ‘‘acchariyaṃ vata, bho, abbhutaṃ vata, bho! Na vatimāni manussabhūtassa padāni bhavissantī’’ti!! Atha kho bhagavā maggā okkamma aññatarasmiṃ rukkhamūle nisīdi pallaṅkaṃ ābhujitvā ujuṃ kāyaṃ paṇidhāya parimukhaṃ satiṃ upaṭṭhapetvā. Atha kho doṇo brāhmaṇo bhagavato padāni anugacchanto addasa bhagavantaṃ aññatarasmiṃ rukkhamūle nisinnaṃ pāsādikaṃ pasādanīyaṃ santindriyaṃ santamānasaṃ uttamadamathasamathamanuppattaṃ dantaṃ guttaṃ saṃyatindriyaṃ nāgaṃ. Disvāna yena bhagavā tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā bhagavantaṃ etadavoca –
一时,世尊在伍咖他与些答比亚之间的大道上行走。多那婆罗门也在伍咖他与些答比亚之间的大道上行走。多那婆罗门看见世尊足下有千辐轮相,有轮缘,有轮毂,一切行相圆满;见已,他心想:「实在稀有啊,先生!实在未曾有啊,先生!这些确实不会是人类的足迹!」于是世尊离开道路,在某棵树下结跏趺坐,端正身体,安立正念于面前。于是多那婆罗门跟随世尊的足迹,看见世尊坐在某棵树下,令人欢喜的,值得尊敬的,诸根寂静,心意寂静,已达最上调御寂止,已调御的,已守护的,诸根已制御的龙象。见已,他走近世尊;走近后,对世尊如此说:
‘‘Devo no bhavaṃ bhavissatī’’ti? ‘‘Na kho ahaṃ, brāhmaṇa, devo bhavissāmī’’ti. ‘‘Gandhabbo no bhavaṃ bhavissatī’’ti? ‘‘Na kho ahaṃ, brāhmaṇa, gandhabbo bhavissāmī’’ti. ‘‘Yakkho no bhavaṃ bhavissatī’’ti? ‘‘Na kho ahaṃ, brāhmaṇa, yakkho bhavissāmī’’ti. ‘‘Manusso no bhavaṃ bhavissatī’’ti? ‘‘Na kho ahaṃ, brāhmaṇa, manusso bhavissāmī’’ti.
「尊者将会是天人吗?」「婆罗门,我将不会是天人。」「尊者将会是乾达婆吗?」「婆罗门,我将不会是乾达婆。」「尊者将会是亚卡吗?」「婆罗门,我将不会是亚卡。」「尊者将会是人吗?」「婆罗门,我将不会是人。」
‘‘‘Devo no bhavaṃ bhavissatī’ti, iti puṭṭho samāno – ‘na kho ahaṃ, brāhmaṇa, devo bhavissāmī’ti vadesi. ‘Gandhabbo no bhavaṃ bhavissatī’ti, iti puṭṭho samāno – ‘na kho ahaṃ, brāhmaṇa, gandhabbo bhavissāmī’ti vadesi. ‘Yakkho no bhavaṃ bhavissatī’ti, iti puṭṭho samāno – ‘na kho ahaṃ, brāhmaṇa, yakkho bhavissāmī’ti vadesi. ‘Manusso no bhavaṃ bhavissatī’ti, iti puṭṭho samāno – ‘na kho ahaṃ, brāhmaṇa, manusso bhavissāmī’ti vadesi. Atha ko carahi bhavaṃ bhavissatī’’ti?
「『尊者将会是天人吗?』如此被问时,你说『婆罗门,我将不会是天人』。『尊者将会是乾达婆吗?』如此被问时,你说『婆罗门,我将不会是乾达婆』。『尊者将会是亚卡吗?』如此被问时,你说『婆罗门,我将不会是亚卡』。『尊者将会是人吗?』如此被问时,你说『婆罗门,我将不会是人』。那么,尊者究竟将会是什么呢?」
‘‘Yesaṃ kho ahaṃ, brāhmaṇa, āsavānaṃ appahīnattā devo bhaveyyaṃ, te me āsavā pahīnā ucchinnamūlā tālāvatthukatā anabhāvaṃkatā āyatiṃ anuppādadhammā. Yesaṃ kho ahaṃ, brāhmaṇa, āsavānaṃ appahīnattā gandhabbo bhaveyyaṃ… yakkho bhaveyyaṃ… manusso bhaveyyaṃ, te me āsavā pahīnā ucchinnamūlā tālāvatthukatā anabhāvaṃkatā āyatiṃ anuppādadhammā. Seyyathāpi, brāhmaṇa, uppalaṃ vā padumaṃ vā puṇḍarīkaṃ vā udake jātaṃ udake saṃvaḍḍhaṃ udakā accuggamma tiṭṭhati anupalittaṃ udakena; evamevaṃ kho ahaṃ, brāhmaṇa, loke jāto loke saṃvaḍḍho lokaṃ abhibhuyya viharāmi anupalitto lokena. Buddhoti maṃ, brāhmaṇa, dhārehī’’ti.
「婆罗门,由于那些漏未断,我会成为天人,那些漏我已断除,根已断,如多罗树桩,使之成为非有,于未来不再生起之法。婆罗门,由于那些漏未断,我会成为乾达婆……会成为亚卡……会成为人,那些漏我已断除,根已断,如多罗树桩,使之成为非有,于未来不再生起之法。婆罗门,譬如青莲、红莲或白莲,生于水中,长于水中,出离水面而立,不为水所染;同样地,婆罗门,我生于世间,长于世间,超越世间而住,不为世间所染。婆罗门,你应忆持我为佛陀。」
‘‘Yena devūpapatyassa, gandhabbo vā vihaṅgamo;
「凡借此能往生天界者，或为乾达婆或为飞禽；
Yakkhattaṃ yena gaccheyyaṃ, manussattañca abbaje;
凡借此我能成为亚卡，或成为人，
Te mayhaṃ, āsavā khīṇā, viddhastā vinaḷīkatā.
对我而言，诸漏已尽，已被摧毁、已被根除。
‘‘Puṇḍarīkaṃ yathā vaggu, toyena nupalippati ;
「犹如白莲花不被水所染污；
Nupalippāmi lokena, tasmā buddhosmi brāhmaṇā’’ti. chaṭṭhaṃ;
我不被世间所染污，因此，婆罗门，我是佛。」第六经。
7. Aparihāniyasuttaṃ7. 不衰退经
§37
‘‘Catūhi, bhikkhave, dhammehi samannāgato bhikkhu abhabbo parihānāya nibbānasseva santike. Katamehi catūhi? Idha, bhikkhave, bhikkhu sīlasampanno hoti, indriyesu guttadvāro hoti, bhojane mattaññū hoti, jāgariyaṃ anuyutto hoti.
「诸比库，具足四法的比库须跋退堕，唯有涅槃在近。哪四种？诸比库，于此，比库达上，守护诸根门，于食知量，致力于觉醒。
‘‘Kathañca, bhikkhave, bhikkhu sīlasampanno hoti? Idha, bhikkhave, bhikkhu sīlavā hoti pātimokkhasaṃvarasaṃvuto viharati ācāragocarasampanno aṇumattesu vajjesu bhayadassāvī, samādāya sikkhati sikkhāpadesu. Evaṃ kho, bhikkhave, bhikkhu sīlasampanno hoti.
「诸比库，比库如何达上？诸比库，于此，比库持戒，以巴帝摩卡律仪防护而住，具足正行与行处，于微细的罪过中见怖畏，受持学习于诸学处。诸比库，比库如此达上。
‘‘Kathañca, bhikkhave, bhikkhu indriyesu guttadvāro hoti ? Idha, bhikkhave, bhikkhu cakkhunā rūpaṃ disvā na nimittaggāhī hoti nānubyañjanaggāhī. Yatvādhikaraṇamenaṃ cakkhundriyaṃ asaṃvutaṃ viharantaṃ abhijjhādomanassā pāpakā akusalā dhammā anvāssaveyyuṃ, tassa saṃvarāya paṭipajjati; rakkhati cakkhundriyaṃ; cakkhundriye saṃvaraṃ āpajjati. Sotena saddaṃ sutvā… ghānena gandhaṃ ghāyitvā… jivhāya rasaṃ sāyitvā… kāyena phoṭṭhabbaṃ phusitvā… manasā dhammaṃ viññāya na nimittaggāhī hoti nānubyañjanaggāhī. Yatvādhikaraṇamenaṃ manindriyaṃ asaṃvutaṃ viharantaṃ abhijjhādomanassā pāpakā akusalā dhammā anvāssaveyyuṃ, tassa saṃvarāya paṭipajjati; rakkhati manindriyaṃ; manindriye saṃvaraṃ āpajjati. Evaṃ kho, bhikkhave, bhikkhu indriyesu guttadvāro hoti.
「诸比库，比库如何守护诸根门？诸比库，于此，比库以眼见色后，不取相，不取随相。因为若住于不防护此眼根者，贪忧、诸恶不善法会流入，他行持于其防护，守护眼根，于眼根达到防护。以耳闻声后……以鼻嗅香后……以舌尝味后……以身触所触后……以意识法后，不取相，不取随相。因为若住于不防护此意根者，贪忧、诸恶不善法会流入，他行持于其防护，守护意根，于意根达到防护。诸比库，比库如此守护诸根门。
‘‘Kathañca , bhikkhave, bhikkhu bhojane mattaññū hoti? Idha, bhikkhave, bhikkhu paṭisaṅkhā yoniso āhāraṃ āhāreti – ‘neva davāya na madāya na maṇḍanāya na vibhūsanāya; yāvadeva imassa kāyassa ṭhitiyā yāpanāya vihiṃsūparatiyā brahmacariyānuggahāya. Iti purāṇañca vedanaṃ paṭihaṅkhāmi, navañca vedanaṃ na uppādessāmi, yātrā ca me bhavissati, anavajjatā ca phāsuvihāro cā’ti. Evaṃ kho, bhikkhave, bhikkhu bhojane mattaññū hoti.
「诸比库,比库如何于食知量?诸比库,于此,比库如理省察而食用食物——『非为嬉戏,非为骄慢,非为装饰,非为庄严;只是为了此身的住立与维持,为了止息伤害,为了资助梵行。如此,我将灭除旧受,不生起新受,我将有存续、无过失与安乐住。』诸比库,比库如是于食知量。
‘‘Kathañca , bhikkhave, bhikkhu jāgariyaṃ anuyutto hoti? Idha, bhikkhave, bhikkhu divasaṃ caṅkamena nisajjāya āvaraṇīyehi dhammehi cittaṃ parisodheti; rattiyā paṭhamaṃ yāmaṃ caṅkamena nisajjāya āvaraṇīyehi dhammehi cittaṃ parisodheti; rattiyā majjhimaṃ yāmaṃ dakkhiṇena passena sīhaseyyaṃ kappeti , pāde pādaṃ accādhāya, sato sampajāno uṭṭhānasaññaṃ manasi karitvā; rattiyā pacchimaṃ yāmaṃ paccuṭṭhāya caṅkamena nisajjāya āvaraṇīyehi dhammehi cittaṃ parisodheti. Evaṃ kho, bhikkhave, bhikkhu jāgariyaṃ anuyutto hoti. Imehi kho, bhikkhave, catūhi dhammehi samannāgato bhikkhu abhabbo parihānāya, nibbānasseva santiketi.
「诸比库,比库如何致力于觉醒?诸比库,于此,比库于日间以行走、坐禅净化心离诸障碍法;于夜初更以行走、坐禅净化心离诸障碍法;于夜中更以右胁作狮子卧,足足相叠,具念、正知,作意起来之想;于夜后更起来后以行走、坐禅净化心离诸障碍法。诸比库,比库如是致力于觉醒。诸比库,具足此四法的比库须跋退堕,正是接近涅槃。
‘‘Sīle patiṭṭhito bhikkhu, indriyesu ca saṃvuto;
「比库住立于戒,于诸根防护;
Bhojanamhi ca mattaññū, jāgariyaṃ anuyuñjati.
于食知量,致力于觉醒。
‘‘Evaṃ vihārī ātāpī, ahorattamatandito;
「如是而住的热诚者,日夜不懈怠;
Bhāvayaṃ kusalaṃ dhammaṃ, yogakkhemassa pattiyā.
修习善法,为了达到离轭安稳。
‘‘Appamādarato bhikkhu, pamāde bhayadassi vā ;
「乐于不放逸的比库,或见放逸中的怖畏者;
Abhabbo parihānāya, nibbānasseva santike’’ti. sattamaṃ;
须跋退堕,正是接近涅槃。」第七经
8. Patilīnasuttaṃ8. 退缩经
§38
‘‘Panuṇṇapaccekasacco , bhikkhave, bhikkhu ‘samavayasaṭṭhesano passaddhakāyasaṅkhāro patilīno’ti vuccati. Kathañca, bhikkhave, bhikkhu panuṇṇapaccekasacco hoti? Idha, bhikkhave, bhikkhuno yāni tāni puthusamaṇabrāhmaṇānaṃ puthupaccekasaccāni, seyyathidaṃ – sassato lokoti vā, asassato lokoti vā, antavā lokoti vā, anantavā lokoti vā, taṃ jīvaṃ taṃ sarīranti vā, aññaṃ jīvaṃ aññaṃ sarīranti vā, hoti tathāgato paraṃ maraṇāti vā, na hoti tathāgato paraṃ maraṇāti vā, hoti ca na ca hoti tathāgato paraṃ maraṇāti vā, neva hoti na na hoti tathāgato paraṃ maraṇāti vā; sabbāni tāni nuṇṇāni honti panuṇṇāni cattāni vantāni muttāni pahīnāni paṭinissaṭṭhāni. Evaṃ kho, bhikkhave, bhikkhu panuṇṇapaccekasacco hoti.
「诸比库!已舍弃各别真谛、已止息寻求、已平息身行、已隐没的比库,被称为『已舍弃各别真谛、已止息寻求、已平息身行、已隐没』。诸比库!比库如何是已舍弃各别真谛者?诸比库!于此,比库对于那些种种沙门婆罗门的种种各别真谛,即:『世间是常恒的』或『世间是非常恒的』或『世间是有边的』或『世间是无边的』或『命即是身』或『命是一身是另一』或『如来死后存在』或『如来死后不存在』或『如来死后既存在又不存在』或『如来死后既非存在又非不存在』;所有这些都已被驱除、已被舍弃、已被吐出、已被呕吐、已被释放、已被舍断、已被弃绝。诸比库!比库如此是已舍弃各别真谛者。
‘‘Kathañca , bhikkhave, bhikkhu samavayasaṭṭhesano hoti? Idha, bhikkhave, bhikkhuno kāmesanā pahīnā hoti, bhavesanā pahīnā hoti, brahmacariyesanā paṭippassaddhā. Evaṃ kho, bhikkhave, bhikkhu samavayasaṭṭhesano hoti.
「诸比库!比库如何是已止息寻求者?诸比库!于此,比库的欲寻求已被舍断,有寻求已被舍断,梵行寻求已被平息。诸比库!比库如此是已止息寻求者。
‘‘Kathañca, bhikkhave, bhikkhu passaddhakāyasaṅkhāro hoti? Idha, bhikkhave, bhikkhu sukhassa ca pahānā dukkhassa ca pahānā pubbeva somanassadomanassānaṃ atthaṅgamā adukkhamasukhaṃ upekkhāsatipārisuddhiṃ catutthaṃ jhānaṃ upasampajja viharati. Evaṃ kho, bhikkhave, bhikkhu passaddhakāyasaṅkhāro hoti.
「诸比库!比库如何是已平息身行者?诸比库!于此,比库以舍断乐与舍断苦,先前喜忧已灭没故,不苦不乐,舍念清净,成就第四禅那而住。诸比库!比库如此是已平息身行者。
‘‘Kathañca, bhikkhave, bhikkhu patilīno hoti? Idha, bhikkhave, bhikkhuno asmimāno pahīno hoti ucchinnamūlo tālāvatthukato anabhāvaṃkato āyatiṃ anuppādadhammo. Evaṃ kho, bhikkhave, bhikkhu patilīno hoti. Panuṇṇapaccekasacco, bhikkhave, bhikkhu ‘samavayasaṭṭhesano passaddhakāyasaṅkhāro patilīno’ti vuccatī’’ti.
「诸比库!比库如何是已隐没者?诸比库!于此,比库的我慢已被舍断,根已被切断,如多罗树头,成为非有,于未来不再生起之法。诸比库!比库如此是已隐没者。诸比库!已舍弃各别真谛的比库,被称为『已止息寻求、已平息身行、已隐没』。」
‘‘Kāmesanā bhavesanā, brahmacariyesanā saha;
「欲寻求、有寻求,以及梵行寻求;
Iti saccaparāmāso, diṭṭhiṭṭhānā samussayā.
如此真谛执取,以及见处的集合。
‘‘Sabbarāgavirattassa, taṇhakkhayavimuttino;
对于一切贪已离染者,渴爱灭尽解脱者;
Esanā paṭinissaṭṭhā, diṭṭhiṭṭhānā samūhatā.
诸寻求已被弃绝,诸见处已被根除。」
‘‘Sa ve santo sato bhikkhu, passaddho aparājito;
「彼寂静、具念的比库，平静、不败；
Mānābhisamayā buddho, patilīnoti vuccatī’’ti. aṭṭhamaṃ;
由于慢的现观而觉悟，被称为『隐退者』。」第八经
9. Ujjayasuttaṃ9. 伍迦亚经
§39
Atha kho ujjayo brāhmaṇo yena bhagavā tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā bhagavatā saddhiṃ sammodi. Sammodanīyaṃ kathaṃ sāraṇīyaṃ vītisāretvā ekamantaṃ nisīdi. Ekamantaṃ nisinno kho ujjayo brāhmaṇo bhagavantaṃ etadavoca – ‘‘bhavampi no gotamo yaññaṃ vaṇṇetī’’ti ? ‘‘Na kho ahaṃ, brāhmaṇa, sabbaṃ yaññaṃ vaṇṇemi; na panāhaṃ, brāhmaṇa, sabbaṃ yaññaṃ na vaṇṇemi. Yathārūpe kho, brāhmaṇa, yaññe gāvo haññanti, ajeḷakā haññanti, kukkuṭasūkarā haññanti, vividhā pāṇā saṅghātaṃ āpajjanti; evarūpaṃ kho ahaṃ, brāhmaṇa, sārambhaṃ yaññaṃ na vaṇṇemi. Taṃ kissa hetu? Evarūpañhi, brāhmaṇa, sārambhaṃ yaññaṃ na upasaṅkamanti arahanto vā arahattamaggaṃ vā samāpannā.
那时,伍加亚婆罗门去到世尊那里;去到之后,与世尊互相问候。交换了友好、值得忆念的话语之后,在一旁坐下。在一旁坐下的伍加亚婆罗门对世尊这样说:「尊者果德玛也赞叹祭祀吗?」「婆罗门,我并非赞叹一切祭祀;但是,婆罗门,我也并非不赞叹一切祭祀。婆罗门,在那样的祭祀中,母牛被杀,山羊绵羊被杀,鸡猪被杀,种种生类遭受屠杀;婆罗门,我不赞叹这样的有伤害的祭祀。那是什么原因呢?婆罗门,因为阿拉汉或已证得阿拉汉道者不会去到这样的有伤害的祭祀。
‘‘Yathārūpe ca kho, brāhmaṇa, yaññe neva gāvo haññanti, na ajeḷakā haññanti, na kukkuṭasūkarā haññanti, na vividhā pāṇā saṅghātaṃ āpajjanti; evarūpaṃ kho ahaṃ, brāhmaṇa, nirārambhaṃ yaññaṃ vaṇṇemi, yadidaṃ niccadānaṃ anukulayaññaṃ. Taṃ kissa hetu? Evarūpañhi, brāhmaṇa, nirārambhaṃ yaññaṃ upasaṅkamanti arahanto vā arahattamaggaṃ vā samāpannā’’ti.
「但是,婆罗门,在那样的祭祀中,母牛不被杀,山羊绵羊不被杀,鸡猪不被杀,种种生类不遭受屠杀;婆罗门,我赞叹这样的无伤害的祭祀,即常施、随顺祭祀。那是什么原因呢?婆罗门,因为阿拉汉或已证得阿拉汉道者会去到这样的无伤害的祭祀。」
‘‘Assamedhaṃ purisamedhaṃ, sammāpāsaṃ vājapeyyaṃ niraggaḷaṃ ;
「马祭、人祭、散玛巴沙祭、瓦加贝亚祭、尼拉嘎喇祭;
Mahāyaññā mahārambhā , na te honti mahapphalā.
大祭祀、大伤害,它们不会有大果报。
‘‘Ajeḷakā ca gāvo ca, vividhā yattha haññare;
「在那里山羊绵羊和母牛,以及种种被杀害;
Na taṃ sammaggatā yaññaṃ, upayanti mahesino.
正行道者、大仙人,不会去到那样的祭祀。
‘‘Ye ca yaññā nirārambhā, yajanti anukulaṃ sadā;
「诸无伤害的祭祀，常常随顺地祭祀；
Ajeḷakā ca gāvo ca, vividhā nettha haññare ;
山羊、牛等，种种生类在此不被杀；
Tañca sammaggatā yaññaṃ, upayanti mahesino.
那祭祀正行者，大仙人们前来。
‘‘Etaṃ yajetha medhāvī, eso yañño mahapphalo;
「有慧者应祭祀此，此祭祀有大果；
Etaṃ hi yajamānassa, seyyo hoti na pāpiyo;
对祭祀者而言，此确实更好而非更坏；
Yañño ca vipulo hoti, pasīdanti ca devatā’’ti. navamaṃ;
祭祀广大，诸天人欢喜。」第九经。
10. Udāyīsuttaṃ10. 伍答夷经
§40
Atha kho udāyī brāhmaṇo yena bhagavā tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā bhagavatā …pe… ekamantaṃ nisinno kho udāyī brāhmaṇo bhagavantaṃ etadavoca – ‘‘bhavampi no gotamo yaññaṃ vaṇṇetī’’ti? ‘‘Na kho ahaṃ, brāhmaṇa, sabbaṃ yaññaṃ vaṇṇemi; na panāhaṃ, brāhmaṇa, sabbaṃ yaññaṃ na vaṇṇemi. Yathārūpe kho, brāhmaṇa, yaññe gāvo haññanti, ajeḷakā haññanti, kukkuṭasūkarā haññanti, vividhā pāṇā saṅghātaṃ āpajjanti; evarūpaṃ kho ahaṃ, brāhmaṇa, sārambhaṃ yaññaṃ na vaṇṇemi. Taṃ kissa hetu? Evarūpañhi, brāhmaṇa, sārambhaṃ yaññaṃ na upasaṅkamanti arahanto vā arahattamaggaṃ vā samāpannā.
那时，乌达夷婆罗门前往世尊处；抵达后与世尊……（互相问候）……坐于一旁的乌达夷婆罗门对世尊如此说：「果德玛尊者也赞叹祭祀吗？」「婆罗门，我并非赞叹一切祭祀；然而，婆罗门，我也并非不赞叹一切祭祀。婆罗门，在那样的祭祀中，牛被杀，山羊被杀，鸡猪被杀，种种生类遭受屠杀；婆罗门，我不赞叹这样有伤害的祭祀。那是什么原因？婆罗门，因为阿拉汉或已证得阿拉汉道者不前往这样有伤害的祭祀。
‘‘Yathārūpe ca kho, brāhmaṇa, yaññe neva gāvo haññanti, na ajeḷakā haññanti, na kukkuṭasūkarā haññanti, na vividhā pāṇā saṅghātaṃ āpajjanti; evarūpaṃ kho ahaṃ, brāhmaṇa, nirārambhaṃ yaññaṃ vaṇṇemi , yadidaṃ niccadānaṃ anukulayaññaṃ. Taṃ kissa hetu? Evarūpañhi, brāhmaṇa, nirārambhaṃ yaññaṃ upasaṅkamanti arahanto vā arahattamaggaṃ vā samāpannā’’ti.
「然而，婆罗门，在那样的祭祀中，牛不被杀，山羊不被杀，鸡猪不被杀，种种生类不遭受屠杀；婆罗门，我赞叹这样无伤害的祭祀，即常施、随顺祭祀。那是什么原因？婆罗门，因为阿拉汉或已证得阿拉汉道者前往这样无伤害的祭祀。」
‘‘Abhisaṅkhataṃ nirārambhaṃ, yaññaṃ kālena kappiyaṃ;
「善作、无害，适时、如法的祭祀，
Tādisaṃ upasaṃyanti, saññatā brahmacārayo.
诸自制的梵行者亲近如是之祭祀。
‘‘Vivaṭacchadā ye loke, vītivattā kulaṃ gatiṃ;
「于世间中，诸已揭开覆盖者，已超越家与趣者，
Yaññametaṃ pasaṃsanti, buddhā yaññassa kovidā.
诸佛、精通祭祀者，赞叹此祭祀。
‘‘Yaññe vā yadi vā saddhe, habyaṃ katvā yathārahaṃ;
「于祭祀或于信施中，如法地作供养后，
Pasannacitto yajati , sukhette brahmacārisu.
以净信心祭祀，于善田的诸梵行者中。
‘‘Suhutaṃ suyiṭṭhaṃ suppattaṃ , dakkhiṇeyyesu yaṃ kataṃ;
「善供、善祭、善施，对应供者所作，
Yañño ca vipulo hoti, pasīdanti ca devatā.
祭祀广大，诸天人亦欢喜。」
‘‘Evaṃ yajitvā medhāvī, saddho muttena cetasā;
「如是祭祀后，有慧者、有信者以解脱之心；
Abyābajjhaṃ sukhaṃ lokaṃ, paṇḍito upapajjatī’’ti. dasamaṃ;
贤智者往生于无恼害、安乐之世间。」第十经
Cakkavaggo catuttho. · 轮品第四
Tassuddānaṃ –
其摄颂——
Cakko saṅgaho sīho, pasādo vassakārena pañcamaṃ;
渣库、僧伽、狮子、净信、与瓦萨咖拉为第五；
Doṇo aparihāniyo patilīno, ujjayo udāyinā te dasāti.
多那、不退失、隐遁、伍渣亚、与伍达夷那，此为十。