(19) 4. Brāhmaṇavaggo(19) 4. 婆罗门品
(19) 4. Brāhmaṇavaggo(19) 4. 婆罗门品
1. Yodhājīvasuttaṃ1. 战士经
§181
‘‘Catūhi , bhikkhave, aṅgehi samannāgato yodhājīvo rājāraho hoti rājabhoggo, rañño aṅganteva saṅkhaṃ gacchati. Katamehi catūhi? Idha, bhikkhave, yodhājīvo ṭhānakusalo ca hoti, dūrepātī ca, akkhaṇavedhī ca, mahato ca kāyassa padāletā. Imehi kho, bhikkhave, catūhi aṅgehi samannāgato yodhājīvo rājāraho hoti rājabhoggo, rañño aṅganteva saṅkhaṃ gacchati. Evamevaṃ kho, bhikkhave, catūhi dhammehi samannāgato bhikkhu āhuneyyo hoti pāhuneyyo dakkhiṇeyyo añjalikaraṇīyo anuttaraṃ puññakkhettaṃ lokassa. Katamehi catūhi? Idha, bhikkhave, bhikkhu ṭhānakusalo ca hoti, dūrepātī ca, akkhaṇavedhī ca, mahato ca kāyassa padāletā.
「诸比库,具足四支的战士值得国王,为国王所用,被计算为国王的部属。哪四种?诸比库,于此,战士善于站立,能远射,能射穿孔隙,能击破大身。诸比库,具足此四支的战士值得国王,为国王所用,被计算为国王的部属。诸比库,如是,具足四法的比库应受供养、应受款待、应受布施、应受合掌,是世间的无上福田。哪四种?诸比库,于此,比库善于站立,能远射,能射穿孔隙,能击破大身。
‘‘Kathañca, bhikkhave, bhikkhu ṭhānakusalo hoti? Idha, bhikkhave, bhikkhu sīlavā hoti…pe… samādāya sikkhati sikkhāpadesu. Evaṃ kho, bhikkhave, bhikkhu ṭhānakusalo hoti.
「诸比库,比库如何善于站立?诸比库,于此,比库具戒……(中略)……受持学习于诸学处。诸比库,比库如是善于站立。
‘‘Kathañca, bhikkhave, bhikkhu dūrepātī hoti? Idha, bhikkhave , bhikkhu yaṃ kiñci rūpaṃ atītānāgatapaccuppannaṃ ajjhattaṃ vā bahiddhā vā oḷārikaṃ vā sukhumaṃ vā hīnaṃ vā paṇītaṃ vā yaṃ dūre santike vā, sabbaṃ rūpaṃ ‘netaṃ mama, nesohamasmi, na meso attā’ti evametaṃ yathābhūtaṃ sammappaññāya passati. Yā kāci vedanā…pe… yā kāci saññā… ye keci saṅkhārā… yaṃ kiñci viññāṇaṃ atītānāgatapaccuppannaṃ ajjhattaṃ vā bahiddhā vā oḷārikaṃ vā sukhumaṃ vā hīnaṃ vā paṇītaṃ vā yaṃ dūre santike vā , sabbaṃ viññāṇaṃ ‘netaṃ mama, nesohamasmi, na meso attā’ti evametaṃ yathābhūtaṃ sammappaññāya passati. Evaṃ kho, bhikkhave, bhikkhu dūrepātī hoti.
「诸比库,比库如何能远射?诸比库,于此,比库对于任何色,无论过去、未来、现在,或内、或外,或粗、或细,或劣、或胜,或远、或近,一切色,以正慧如实见:『这不是我的,这我不是,这不是我的我。』对于任何受……(中略)……对于任何想……对于任何诸行……对于任何识,无论过去、未来、现在,或内、或外,或粗、或细,或劣、或胜,或远、或近,一切识,以正慧如实见:『这不是我的,这我不是,这不是我的我。』诸比库,比库如是能远射。
‘‘Kathañca , bhikkhave, bhikkhu akkhaṇavedhī hoti? Idha, bhikkhave, bhikkhu ‘idaṃ dukkha’nti yathābhūtaṃ pajānāti…pe… ‘ayaṃ dukkhanirodhagāminī paṭipadā’ti yathābhūtaṃ pajānāti. Evaṃ kho, bhikkhave, bhikkhu akkhaṇavedhī hoti.
「诸比库,比库如何能射穿孔隙?诸比库,于此,比库如实了知『这是苦』……(中略)……如实了知『这是导至苦灭之道』。诸比库,比库如是能射穿孔隙。
‘‘Kathañca, bhikkhave, bhikkhu mahato kāyassa padāletā hoti? Idha, bhikkhave, bhikkhu mahantaṃ avijjākkhandhaṃ padāletā. Evaṃ kho, bhikkhave, bhikkhu mahato kāyassa padāletā hoti. Imehi kho, bhikkhave, catūhi dhammehi samannāgato bhikkhu āhuneyyo hoti…pe… anuttaraṃ puññakkhettaṃ lokassā’’ti. Paṭhamaṃ.
「诸比库,比库如何能击破大身?诸比库,于此,比库击破大无明蕴。诸比库,比库如是能击破大身。诸比库,具足此四法的比库应受供养……(中略)……是世间的无上福田。」第一经。
2. Pāṭibhogasuttaṃ2. 报答经
§182
‘‘Catunnaṃ , bhikkhave, dhammānaṃ natthi koci pāṭibhogo – samaṇo vā brāhmaṇo vā devo vā māro vā brahmā vā koci vā lokasmiṃ.
「诸比库,对于四法,无人能抵抗——无论沙门、或婆罗门、或天、或魔、或梵天、或世间的任何人。
‘‘Katamesaṃ catunnaṃ? ‘Jarādhammaṃ mā jīrī’ti natthi koci pāṭibhogo – samaṇo vā brāhmaṇo vā devo vā māro vā brahmā vā koci vā lokasmiṃ; ‘byādhidhammaṃ mā byādhiyī’ti natthi koci pāṭibhogo – samaṇo vā brāhmaṇo vā devo vā māro vā brahmā vā koci vā lokasmiṃ; ‘maraṇadhammaṃ mā mīyī’ti natthi koci pāṭibhogo – samaṇo vā brāhmaṇo vā devo vā māro vā brahmā vā koci vā lokasmiṃ; ‘yāni kho pana tāni pubbe attanā katāni pāpakāni kammāni saṃkilesikāni ponobhavikāni sadarāni dukkhavipākāni āyatiṃ jātijarāmaraṇikāni, tesaṃ vipāko mā nibbattī’ti natthi koci pāṭibhogo – samaṇo vā brāhmaṇo vā devo vā māro vā brahmā vā koci vā lokasmiṃ.
「哪四种?『愿具老法者不老』,无人能抵抗——无论沙门、或婆罗门、或天、或魔、或梵天、或世间的任何人;『愿具病法者不病』,无人能抵抗——无论沙门、或婆罗门、或天、或魔、或梵天、或世间的任何人;『愿具死法者不死』,无人能抵抗——无论沙门、或婆罗门、或天、或魔、或梵天、或世间的任何人;『愿那些以前自己所造的诸恶业、杂染的、再生的、可怖的、有苦果报的、未来导至生老死的,其果报不生起』,无人能抵抗——无论沙门、或婆罗门、或天、或魔、或梵天、或世间的任何人。
‘‘Imesaṃ kho, bhikkhave, catunnaṃ dhammānaṃ natthi koci pāṭibhogo – samaṇo vā brāhmaṇo vā devo vā māro vā brahmā vā koci vā lokasmi’’nti. Dutiyaṃ.
「诸比库,对于此四法,无人能抵抗——无论沙门、或婆罗门、或天、或魔、或梵天、或世间的任何人。」第二经。
3. Sutasuttaṃ3. 所闻经
§183
Ekaṃ samayaṃ bhagavā rājagahe viharati veḷuvane kalandakanivāpe. Atha kho vassakāro brāhmaṇo magadhamahāmatto yena bhagavā tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā bhagavatā saddhiṃ sammodi. Sammodanīyaṃ kathaṃ sāraṇīyaṃ vītisāretvā ekamantaṃ nisīdi. Ekamantaṃ nisinno kho vassakāro brāhmaṇo magadhamahāmatto bhagavantaṃ etadavoca –
一时,世尊住在王舍城竹林栗鼠庇护所。尔时,瓦萨咖拉婆罗门,马嘎塔国大臣,前往世尊处。抵达后,与世尊互相问候。交换了友好、值得忆念的话语后,在一旁坐下。在一旁坐下的瓦萨咖拉婆罗门,马嘎塔国大臣,对世尊如此说——
‘‘Ahañhi, bho gotama, evaṃvādī evaṃdiṭṭhi – ‘yo koci diṭṭhaṃ bhāsati – evaṃ me diṭṭhanti, natthi tato doso; yo koci sutaṃ bhāsati – evaṃ me sutanti, natthi tato doso; yo koci mutaṃ bhāsati – evaṃ me mutanti, natthi tato doso; yo koci viññātaṃ bhāsati – evaṃ me viññātanti, natthi tato doso’’’ti.
「尊者果德玛,我是如此说、如此见的——『凡是说所见的——「我如此见」,从此没有过失;凡是说所闻的——「我如此闻」,从此没有过失;凡是说所觉的——「我如此觉」,从此没有过失;凡是说所识的——「我如此识」,从此没有过失』」。
‘‘Nāhaṃ, brāhmaṇa, sabbaṃ diṭṭhaṃ bhāsitabbanti vadāmi; na panāhaṃ, brāhmaṇa, sabbaṃ diṭṭhaṃ na bhāsitabbanti vadāmi; nāhaṃ, brāhmaṇa, sabbaṃ sutaṃ bhāsitabbanti vadāmi; na panāhaṃ, brāhmaṇa, sabbaṃ sutaṃ na bhāsitabbanti vadāmi; nāhaṃ, brāhmaṇa, sabbaṃ mutaṃ bhāsitabbanti vadāmi; na panāhaṃ, brāhmaṇa, sabbaṃ mutaṃ na bhāsitabbanti vadāmi; nāhaṃ, brāhmaṇa, sabbaṃ viññātaṃ bhāsitabbanti vadāmi; na panāhaṃ, brāhmaṇa, sabbaṃ viññātaṃ na bhāsitabbanti vadāmi.
「婆罗门,我不说一切所见都应该说;但我也不说,婆罗门,一切所见都不应该说;婆罗门,我不说一切所闻都应该说;但我也不说,婆罗门,一切所闻都不应该说;婆罗门,我不说一切所觉都应该说;但我也不说,婆罗门,一切所觉都不应该说;婆罗门,我不说一切所识都应该说;但我也不说,婆罗门,一切所识都不应该说。
‘‘Yañhi, brāhmaṇa, diṭṭhaṃ bhāsato akusalā dhammā abhivaḍḍhanti, kusalā dhammā parihāyanti, evarūpaṃ diṭṭhaṃ na bhāsitabbanti vadāmi. Yañca khvassa, brāhmaṇa, diṭṭhaṃ abhāsato kusalā dhammā parihāyanti, akusalā dhammā abhivaḍḍhanti, evarūpaṃ diṭṭhaṃ bhāsitabbanti vadāmi.
「婆罗门,若说所见时,不善法增长,善法衰退,我说这样的所见不应该说。婆罗门,若不说所见时,善法衰退,不善法增长,我说这样的所见应该说。
‘‘Yañhi, brāhmaṇa, sutaṃ bhāsato akusalā dhammā abhivaḍḍhanti, kusalā dhammā parihāyanti , evarūpaṃ sutaṃ na bhāsitabbanti vadāmi. Yañca khvassa, brāhmaṇa, sutaṃ abhāsato kusalā dhammā parihāyanti, akusalā dhammā abhivaḍḍhanti, evarūpaṃ sutaṃ bhāsitabbanti vadāmi.
「婆罗门,若说所闻时,不善法增长,善法衰退,我说这样的所闻不应该说。婆罗门,若不说所闻时,善法衰退,不善法增长,我说这样的所闻应该说。
‘‘Yañhi, brāhmaṇa, mutaṃ bhāsato akusalā dhammā abhivaḍḍhanti, kusalā dhammā parihāyanti, evarūpaṃ mutaṃ na bhāsitabbanti vadāmi. Yañca khvassa, brāhmaṇa, mutaṃ abhāsato kusalā dhammā parihāyanti, akusalā dhammā abhivaḍḍhanti, evarūpaṃ mutaṃ bhāsitabbanti vadāmi .
「婆罗门,若说所觉时,不善法增长,善法衰退,我说这样的所觉不应该说。婆罗门,若不说所觉时,善法衰退,不善法增长,我说这样的所觉应该说。
‘‘Yañhi , brāhmaṇa, viññātaṃ bhāsato akusalā dhammā abhivaḍḍhanti, kusalā dhammā parihāyanti, evarūpaṃ viññātaṃ na bhāsitabbanti vadāmi. Yañca khvassa, brāhmaṇa, viññātaṃ abhāsato kusalā dhammā parihāyanti, akusalā dhammā abhivaḍḍhanti, evarūpaṃ viññātaṃ bhāsitabbanti vadāmī’’ti.
「婆罗门,若说所识时,不善法增长,善法衰退,我说这样的所识不应该说。婆罗门,若不说所识时,善法衰退,不善法增长,我说这样的所识应该说」。
Atha kho vassakāro brāhmaṇo magadhamahāmatto bhagavato bhāsitaṃ abhinanditvā anumoditvā uṭṭhāyāsanā pakkāmīti. Tatiyaṃ.
尔时,瓦萨咖拉婆罗门,马嘎塔国大臣,欢喜、随喜世尊所说后,从座起立而离去。第三经。
4. Abhayasuttaṃ4. 无畏经
§184
Atha kho jāṇussoṇi brāhmaṇo yena bhagavā tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā bhagavatā saddhiṃ sammodi. Sammodanīyaṃ kathaṃ sāraṇīyaṃ vītisāretvā ekamantaṃ nisīdi. Ekamantaṃ nisinno kho jāṇussoṇi brāhmaṇo bhagavantaṃ etadavoca –
那时,佳奴索尼婆罗门前往世尊所在之处;抵达后,与世尊互相问候。交换了友好、值得忆念的交谈后,在一旁坐下。在一旁坐下的佳奴索尼婆罗门对世尊如此说——
‘‘Ahañhi, bho gotama, evaṃvādī evaṃdiṭṭhi – ‘natthi yo maraṇadhammo samāno na bhāyati, na santāsaṃ āpajjati maraṇassā’’’ti. ‘‘Atthi, brāhmaṇa, maraṇadhammo samāno bhāyati, santāsaṃ āpajjati maraṇassa; atthi pana, brāhmaṇa, maraṇadhammo samāno na bhāyati, na santāsaṃ āpajjati maraṇassa.
「果德玛尊者,我是如此说、如此见的——『不存在具死法者不害怕、不对死亡生起恐惧』」。「婆罗门,存在具死法者害怕、对死亡生起恐惧;然而,婆罗门,也存在具死法者不害怕、不对死亡生起恐惧。
‘‘Katamo ca, brāhmaṇa, maraṇadhammo samāno bhāyati, santāsaṃ āpajjati maraṇassa? Idha, brāhmaṇa, ekacco kāmesu avītarāgo hoti avigatacchando avigatapemo avigatapipāso avigatapariḷāho avigatataṇho. Tamenaṃ aññataro gāḷho rogātaṅko phusati. Tassa aññatarena gāḷhena rogātaṅkena phuṭṭhassa evaṃ hoti – ‘piyā vata maṃ kāmā jahissanti, piye cāhaṃ kāme jahissāmī’ti. So socati kilamati paridevati, urattāḷiṃ kandati, sammohaṃ āpajjati. Ayaṃ kho, brāhmaṇa, maraṇadhammo samāno bhāyati, santāsaṃ āpajjati maraṇassa.
「婆罗门,什么样的具死法者害怕、对死亡生起恐惧呢?婆罗门,这里,某人对诸欲未离贪、未离欲、未离爱、未离渴、未离热恼、未离渴爱。某种严重的疾病触恼他。当他被某种严重的疾病触恼时,他如此想:『可爱的诸欲确实将舍弃我,我也将舍弃可爱的诸欲』。他悲伤、疲惫、悲泣、捶胸哭泣、陷入痴迷。婆罗门,这是具死法者害怕、对死亡生起恐惧。
‘‘Puna caparaṃ, brāhmaṇa, idhekacco kāye avītarāgo hoti avigatacchando avigatapemo avigatapipāso avigatapariḷāho avigatataṇho. Tamenaṃ aññataro gāḷho rogātaṅko phusati. Tassa aññatarena gāḷhena rogātaṅkena phuṭṭhassa evaṃ hoti – ‘piyo vata maṃ kāyo jahissati, piyañcāhaṃ kāyaṃ jahissāmī’ti. So socati kilamati paridevati, urattāḷiṃ kandati, sammohaṃ āpajjati. Ayampi kho, brāhmaṇa, maraṇadhammo samāno bhāyati, santāsaṃ āpajjati maraṇassa.
「再者,婆罗门,这里某人对身未离贪、未离欲、未离爱、未离渴、未离热恼、未离渴爱。某种严重的疾病触恼他。当他被某种严重的疾病触恼时,他如此想:『可爱的身确实将舍弃我,我也将舍弃可爱的身』。他悲伤、疲惫、悲泣、捶胸哭泣、陷入痴迷。婆罗门,这也是具死法者害怕、对死亡生起恐惧。
‘‘Puna caparaṃ, brāhmaṇa, idhekacco akatakalyāṇo hoti akatakusalo akatabhīruttāṇo katapāpo kataluddo katakibbiso. Tamenaṃ aññataro gāḷho rogātaṅko phusati. Tassa aññatarena gāḷhena rogātaṅkena phuṭṭhassa evaṃ hoti – ‘akataṃ vata me kalyāṇaṃ, akataṃ kusalaṃ, akataṃ bhīruttāṇaṃ; kataṃ pāpaṃ, kataṃ luddaṃ, kataṃ kibbisaṃ. Yāvatā, bho, akatakalyāṇānaṃ akatakusalānaṃ akatabhīruttāṇānaṃ katapāpānaṃ kataluddānaṃ katakibbisānaṃ gati taṃ gatiṃ pecca gacchāmī’ti. So socati kilamati paridevati, urattāḷiṃ kandati, sammohaṃ āpajjati. Ayampi kho, brāhmaṇa, maraṇadhammo samāno bhāyati, santāsaṃ āpajjati maraṇassa.
「再者,婆罗门,这里某人未作善、未作福、未作怖畏的庇护所,已作恶、已作残暴、已作罪过。某种严重的疾病触恼他。当他被某种严重的疾病触恼时,他如此想:『我确实未作善、未作福、未作怖畏的庇护所;已作恶、已作残暴、已作罪过。尊者,凡是未作善者、未作福者、未作怖畏的庇护所者、已作恶者、已作残暴者、已作罪过者的去处,我死后将去那个去处』。他悲伤、疲惫、悲泣、捶胸哭泣、陷入痴迷。婆罗门,这也是具死法者害怕、对死亡生起恐惧。
‘‘Puna caparaṃ, brāhmaṇa, idhekacco kaṅkhī hoti vicikicchī aniṭṭhaṅgato saddhamme. Tamenaṃ aññataro gāḷho rogātaṅko phusati. Tassa aññatarena gāḷhena rogātaṅkena phuṭṭhassa evaṃ hoti – ‘kaṅkhī vatamhi vicikicchī aniṭṭhaṅgato saddhamme’ti. So socati kilamati paridevati, urattāḷiṃ kandati, sammohaṃ āpajjati. Ayampi kho, brāhmaṇa, maraṇadhammo samāno bhāyati, santāsaṃ āpajjati maraṇassa. Ime kho, brāhmaṇa, cattāro maraṇadhammā samānā bhāyanti, santāsaṃ āpajjanti maraṇassa.
「再者,婆罗门,这里某人是疑惑者、犹豫者、对正法未得确定。某种严重的疾病触恼他。当他被某种严重的疾病触恼时,他如此想:『我确实是疑惑者、犹豫者、对正法未得确定』。他悲伤、疲惫、悲泣、捶胸哭泣、陷入痴迷。婆罗门,这也是具死法者害怕、对死亡生起恐惧。婆罗门,这些是四种具死法者害怕、对死亡生起恐惧。
‘‘Katamo ca, brāhmaṇa, maraṇadhammo samāno na bhāyati, na santāsaṃ āpajjati maraṇassa? Idha, brāhmaṇa, ekacco kāmesu vītarāgo hoti vigatacchando vigatapemo vigatapipāso vigatapariḷāho vigatataṇho. Tamenaṃ aññataro gāḷho rogātaṅko phusati. Tassa aññatarena gāḷhena rogātaṅkena phuṭṭhassa na evaṃ hoti – ‘piyā vata maṃ kāmā jahissanti, piye cāhaṃ kāme jahissāmī’ti. So na socati na kilamati na paridevati, na urattāḷiṃ kandati, na sammohaṃ āpajjati. Ayaṃ kho, brāhmaṇa, maraṇadhammo samāno na bhāyati, na santāsaṃ āpajjati maraṇassa.
「婆罗门,什么样的具死法者不害怕、不对死亡生起恐惧呢?婆罗门,这里,某人对诸欲已离贪、已离欲、已离爱、已离渴、已离热恼、已离渴爱。某种严重的疾病触恼他。当他被某种严重的疾病触恼时,他不如此想:『可爱的诸欲确实将舍弃我,我也将舍弃可爱的诸欲』。他不悲伤、不疲惫、不悲泣、不捶胸哭泣、不陷入痴迷。婆罗门,这是具死法者不害怕、不对死亡生起恐惧。
‘‘Puna caparaṃ, brāhmaṇa, idhekacco kāye vītarāgo hoti vigatacchando vigatapemo vigatapipāso vigatapariḷāho vigatataṇho. Tamenaṃ aññataro gāḷho rogātaṅko phusati. Tassa aññatarena gāḷhena rogātaṅkena phuṭṭhassa na evaṃ hoti – ‘piyo vata maṃ kāyo jahissati, piyañcāhaṃ kāyaṃ jahissāmī’ti. So na socati na kilamati na paridevati, na urattāḷiṃ kandati, na sammohaṃ āpajjati. Ayampi kho, brāhmaṇa, maraṇadhammo samāno na bhāyati, na santāsaṃ āpajjati maraṇassa.
「再者,婆罗门,这里某人对身已离贪、已离欲、已离爱、已离渴、已离热恼、已离渴爱。某种严重的疾病触恼他。当他被某种严重的疾病触恼时,他不如此想:『可爱的身确实将舍弃我,我也将舍弃可爱的身』。他不悲伤、不疲惫、不悲泣、不捶胸哭泣、不陷入痴迷。婆罗门,这也是具死法者不害怕、不对死亡生起恐惧。
‘‘Puna caparaṃ, brāhmaṇa, idhekacco akatapāpo hoti akataluddo akatakibbiso katakalyāṇo katakusalo katabhīruttāṇo. Tamenaṃ aññataro gāḷho rogātaṅko phusati. Tassa aññatarena gāḷhena rogātaṅkena phuṭṭhassa evaṃ hoti – ‘akataṃ vata me pāpaṃ, akataṃ luddaṃ, akataṃ kibbisaṃ; kataṃ kalyāṇaṃ, kataṃ kusalaṃ, kataṃ bhīruttāṇaṃ. Yāvatā, bho, akatapāpānaṃ akataluddānaṃ akatakibbisānaṃ katakalyāṇānaṃ katakusalānaṃ katabhīruttāṇānaṃ gati taṃ gatiṃ pecca gacchāmī’ti. So na socati na kilamati na paridevati, na urattāḷiṃ kandati, na sammohaṃ āpajjati. Ayampi kho, brāhmaṇa, maraṇadhammo samāno na bhāyati, na santāsaṃ āpajjati maraṇassa.
「再者,婆罗门,这里某人未作恶,未作残暴,未作罪过,已作善,已作福,已作怖畏者的依怙。某个严重的疾病苦痛触及他。当他被某个严重的疾病苦痛触及时,他如此想:'确实我未作恶,未作残暴,未作罪过;已作善,已作福,已作怖畏者的依怙。尊者,凡是未作恶者、未作残暴者、未作罪过者、已作善者、已作福者、已作怖畏者的依怙者的去处,我死后将去那个去处。'他不悲伤,不疲惫,不悲泣,不捶胸哭泣,不陷入痴迷。婆罗门,这也是具死法者不恐惧、不陷入死的惊怖。」
‘‘Puna caparaṃ, brāhmaṇa, idhekacco akaṅkhī hoti avicikicchī niṭṭhaṅgato saddhamme. Tamenaṃ aññataro gāḷho rogātaṅko phusati. Tassa aññatarena gāḷhena rogātaṅkena phuṭṭhassa evaṃ hoti – ‘akaṅkhī vatamhi avicikicchī niṭṭhaṅgato saddhamme’ti. So na socati na kilamati na paridevati, na urattāḷiṃ kandati, na sammohaṃ āpajjati. Ayampi kho, brāhmaṇa, maraṇadhammo samāno na bhāyati, na santāsaṃ āpajjati maraṇassa. Ime kho, brāhmaṇa, cattāro maraṇadhammā samānā na bhāyanti, na santāsaṃ āpajjanti maraṇassā’’ti.
「再者,婆罗门,这里某人于正法中无疑、无犹豫、已达决定。某个严重的疾病苦痛触及他。当他被某个严重的疾病苦痛触及时,他如此想:'确实我于正法中无疑、无犹豫、已达决定。'他不悲伤,不疲惫,不悲泣,不捶胸哭泣,不陷入痴迷。婆罗门,这也是具死法者不恐惧、不陷入死的惊怖。婆罗门,这些是四种具死法者不恐惧、不陷入死的惊怖。」
‘‘Abhikkantaṃ, bho gotama, abhikkantaṃ, bho gotama…pe… upāsakaṃ maṃ bhavaṃ gotamo dhāretu ajjatagge pāṇupetaṃ saraṇaṃ gata’’nti. Catutthaṃ.
「尊敬的果德玛,太殊胜了!尊敬的果德玛,太殊胜了!……(中略)……请尊敬的果德玛忆持我为近事男,从今日起终生归依。」第四经。
5. Brāhmaṇasaccasuttaṃ5. 婆罗门谛经
§185
Ekaṃ samayaṃ bhagavā rājagahe viharati gijjhakūṭe pabbate. Tena kho pana samayena sambahulā abhiññātā abhiññātā paribbājakā sippinikātīre paribbājakārāme paṭivasanti, seyyathidaṃ annabhāro varadharo sakuludāyī ca paribbājako aññe ca abhiññātā abhiññātā paribbājakā. Atha kho bhagavā sāyanhasamayaṃ paṭisallānā vuṭṭhito yena sippinikātīre paribbājakārāmo tenupasaṅkami.
一时,世尊住在王舍城耆阇崛山。尔时,众多有名的、著名的游方者住在西皮尼咖河岸的游方者园,即安那巴罗、瓦拉达罗、萨咖卢达伊游方者,以及其他有名的、著名的游方者。那时,世尊于傍晚时从独坐中起,前往西皮尼咖河岸的游方者园。
Tena kho pana samayena tesaṃ aññatitthiyānaṃ paribbājakānaṃ sannisinnānaṃ sannipatitānaṃ ayamantarā kathā udapādi – ‘‘itipi brāhmaṇasaccāni, itipi brāhmaṇasaccānī’’ti. Atha kho bhagavā yena te paribbājakā tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā paññatte āsane nisīdi. Nisajja kho bhagavā te paribbājake etadavoca –
尔时,那些外道游方者聚集坐在一起时,他们中间生起了这样的谈论:「如此是婆罗门真谛,如此是婆罗门真谛。」那时,世尊前往那些游方者处;抵达后,在设置好的座位上坐下。坐下后,世尊对那些游方者如此说:
‘‘Kāya nuttha, paribbājakā, etarahi kathāya sannisinnā, kā ca pana vo antarākathā vippakatā’’ti? ‘‘Idha, bho gotama, amhākaṃ sannisinnānaṃ sannipatitānaṃ ayamantarākathā udapādi – ‘itipi brāhmaṇasaccāni, itipi brāhmaṇasaccānī’’’ti.
「游方者们,你们现在聚集在一起谈论什么?你们中间中断的谈论是什么?」「尊敬的果德玛,这里我们聚集坐在一起时,我们中间生起了这样的谈论:'如此是婆罗门真谛,如此是婆罗门真谛。'」
‘‘Cattārimāni, paribbājakā, brāhmaṇasaccāni mayā sayaṃ abhiññā sacchikatvā paveditāni. Katamāni cattāri? Idha, paribbājakā, brāhmaṇo evamāha – ‘sabbe pāṇā avajjhā’ti . Iti vadaṃ brāhmaṇo saccaṃ āha, no musā. So tena na samaṇoti maññati, na brāhmaṇoti maññati, na seyyohamasmīti maññati, na sadisohamasmīti maññati, na hīnohamasmīti maññati. Api ca yadeva tattha saccaṃ tadabhiññāya pāṇānaṃyeva anuddayāya anukampāya paṭipanno hoti.
「游方者们,这四种婆罗门真谛由我自己证知、作证后已宣说。哪四种?游方者们,这里婆罗门如此说:'一切生类不应被杀。'如此说的婆罗门说真实,不说虚妄。他因此不认为'我是沙门',不认为'我是婆罗门',不认为'我是更胜者',不认为'我是同等者',不认为'我是低劣者'。但是,证知那里的真实后,他只是为了对诸生类的怜悯、同情而行道。」
‘‘Puna caparaṃ, paribbājakā, brāhmaṇo evamāha – ‘sabbe kāmā aniccā dukkhā vipariṇāmadhammā’ti. Iti vadaṃ brāhmaṇo saccamāha, no musā. So tena na samaṇoti maññati, na brāhmaṇoti maññati, na seyyohamasmīti maññati, na sadisohamasmīti maññati, na hīnohamasmīti maññati. Api ca yadeva tattha saccaṃ tadabhiññāya kāmānaṃyeva nibbidāya virāgāya nirodhāya paṭipanno hoti.
「再者,游方者们,婆罗门如此说:'一切诸欲是无常、苦、变易法。'如此说的婆罗门说真实,不说虚妄。他因此不认为'我是沙门',不认为'我是婆罗门',不认为'我是更胜者',不认为'我是同等者',不认为'我是低劣者'。但是,证知那里的真实后,他只是为了对诸欲的厌离、离贪、灭尽而行道。」
‘‘Puna caparaṃ, paribbājakā, brāhmaṇo evamāha – ‘sabbe bhavā aniccā…pe… bhavānaṃyeva nibbidāya virāgāya nirodhāya paṭipanno hoti.
「再者,诸游方者,婆罗门如此说:『一切有为无常……(中略)……他为了对诸有的厌离、离贪、灭尽而行道。
‘‘Puna caparaṃ, paribbājakā, brāhmaṇo evamāha – ‘nāhaṃ kvacani kassaci kiñcanatasmiṃ na ca mama kvacani katthaci kiñcanatatthī’ti. Iti vadaṃ brāhmaṇo saccaṃ āha, no musā. So tena na samaṇoti maññati, na brāhmaṇoti maññati, na seyyohamasmīti maññati, na sadisohamasmīti maññati, na hīnohamasmīti maññati. Api ca yadeva tattha saccaṃ tadabhiññāya ākiñcaññaṃyeva paṭipadaṃ paṭipanno hoti. Imāni kho, paribbājakā, cattāri brāhmaṇasaccāni mayā sayaṃ abhiññā sacchikatvā paveditānī’’ti. Pañcamaṃ.
「再者,诸游方者,婆罗门如此说:『我于任何处对任何人无任何所有,我的任何所有于任何处对任何人不存在。』如此说的婆罗门说真实,非虚妄。他因此不认为『我是沙门』,不认为『我是婆罗门』,不认为『我是胜者』,不认为『我是同等者』,不认为『我是劣者』。而且,他证知那里的真实后,仅为了无所有而行道。诸游方者,这四种婆罗门真谛是我自己证知、作证后所宣说的。」第五经。
6. Ummaggasuttaṃ6. 邪道经
§186
Atha kho aññataro bhikkhu yena bhagavā tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā bhagavantaṃ abhivādetvā ekamantaṃ nisīdi. Ekamantaṃ nisinno kho so bhikkhu bhagavantaṃ etadavoca – ‘‘kena nu kho, bhante, loko nīyati, kena loko parikassati, kassa ca uppannassa vasaṃ gacchatī’’ti?
那时,某位比库去到世尊处;到达后,礼敬世尊,坐于一旁。坐于一旁的那位比库对世尊如此说:「尊者,世间被什么所引导?世间被什么所牵引?什么生起后,世间受其支配?」
‘‘Sādhu sādhu, bhikkhu! Bhaddako kho te, bhikkhu, ummaggo , bhaddakaṃ paṭibhānaṃ, kalyāṇī paripucchā. Evañhi tvaṃ, bhikkhu, pucchasi – ‘kena nu kho, bhante, loko nīyati, kena loko parikassati, kassa ca uppannassa vasaṃ gacchatī’’’ti? ‘‘Evaṃ, bhante’’. ‘‘Cittena kho, bhikkhu, loko nīyati, cittena parikassati, cittassa uppannassa vasaṃ gacchatī’’ti.
「善哉!善哉!比库!比库,你的思路确实善妙,你的灵感确实善妙,你的问题确实美好。你如此问:『尊者,世间被什么所引导?世间被什么所牵引?什么生起后,世间受其支配?』」「是的,尊者。」「比库,世间被心所引导,被心所牵引,心生起后,世间受其支配。」
‘‘Sādhu , bhante’’ti kho so bhikkhu bhagavato bhāsitaṃ abhinanditvā anumoditvā bhagavantaṃ uttari pañhaṃ apucchi – ‘‘‘bahussuto dhammadharo, bahussuto dhammadharo’ti, bhante, vuccati. Kittāvatā nu kho, bhante, bahussuto dhammadharo hotī’’ti?
「善哉,尊者!」那位比库欢喜、随喜世尊所说后,向世尊问更进一步的问题:「尊者,被称为『多闻持法者,多闻持法者』。尊者,到什么程度才是多闻持法者?」
‘‘Sādhu sādhu, bhikkhu! Bhaddako kho te, bhikkhu ummaggo, bhaddakaṃ paṭibhānaṃ, kalyāṇī paripucchā. Evañhi tvaṃ, bhikkhu, pucchasi – ‘bahussuto dhammadharo, bahussuto dhammadharoti, bhante, vuccati. Kittāvatā nu kho, bhante, bahussuto dhammadharo hotī’’’ti? ‘‘Evaṃ, bhante’’. ‘‘Bahū kho, bhikkhu, mayā dhammā desitā – suttaṃ, geyyaṃ, veyyākaraṇaṃ, gāthā, udānaṃ, itivuttakaṃ, jātakaṃ, abbhutadhammaṃ, vedallaṃ. Catuppadāya cepi, bhikkhu, gāthāya atthamaññāya dhammamaññāya dhammānudhammappaṭipanno hoti bahussuto dhammadharoti alaṃ vacanāyā’’ti.
「善哉!善哉!比库!比库,你的思路确实善妙,你的灵感确实善妙,你的问题确实美好。你如此问:『尊者,被称为多闻持法者,多闻持法者。尊者,到什么程度才是多闻持法者?』」「是的,尊者。」「比库,我已说示众多法——经、应颂、记说、偈颂、自说、如是语、本生、未曾有法、吠陀罗。比库,即使对四句偈,若知其义、知其法、随法而行,就足以称为多闻持法者。」
‘‘Sādhu, bhante’’ti kho so bhikkhu bhagavato bhāsitaṃ abhinanditvā anumoditvā bhagavantaṃ uttari pañhaṃ apucchi – ‘‘‘sutavā nibbedhikapañño, sutavā nibbedhikapañño’ti, bhante, vuccati. Kittāvatā nu kho, bhante, sutavā nibbedhikapañño hotī’’ti?
「善哉,尊者!」那位比库欢喜、随喜世尊所说后,向世尊问更进一步的问题:「尊者,被称为『多闻具通达慧者,多闻具通达慧者』。尊者,到什么程度才是多闻具通达慧者?」
‘‘Sādhu sādhu, bhikkhu! Bhaddako kho te, bhikkhu, ummaggo, bhaddakaṃ paṭibhānaṃ, kalyāṇī paripucchā. Evañhi tvaṃ, bhikkhu, pucchasi – ‘sutavā nibbedhikapañño, sutavā nibbedhikapaññoti, bhante, vuccati. Kittāvatā nu kho, bhante, sutavā nibbedhikapañño hotī’’’ti? ‘‘Evaṃ, bhante’’. ‘‘Idha, bhikkhu, bhikkhuno ‘idaṃ dukkha’nti sutaṃ hoti, paññāya cassa atthaṃ ativijjha passati; ‘ayaṃ dukkhasamudayo’ti sutaṃ hoti, paññāya cassa atthaṃ ativijjha passati; ‘ayaṃ dukkhanirodho’ti sutaṃ hoti, paññāya cassa atthaṃ ativijjha passati; ‘ayaṃ dukkhanirodhagāminī paṭipadā’ti sutaṃ hoti, paññāya cassa atthaṃ ativijjha passati. Evaṃ kho, bhikkhu, sutavā nibbedhikapañño hotī’’ti.
「善哉!善哉!比库!比库,你的思路确实善妙,你的灵感确实善妙,你的问题确实美好。你如此问:『尊者,被称为多闻具通达慧者,多闻具通达慧者。尊者,到什么程度才是多闻具通达慧者?』」「是的,尊者。」「比库,于此,比库已听闻『此是苦』,并以慧通达见其义;已听闻『此是苦集』,并以慧通达见其义;已听闻『此是苦灭』,并以慧通达见其义;已听闻『此是导至苦灭之道』,并以慧通达见其义。比库,如此才是多闻具通达慧者。」
‘‘Sādhu, bhante’’ti kho so bhikkhu bhagavato bhāsitaṃ abhinanditvā anumoditvā bhagavantaṃ uttari pañhaṃ apucchi – ‘‘‘paṇḍito mahāpañño, paṇḍito mahāpañño’ti, bhante, vuccati. Kittāvatā nu kho, bhante, paṇḍito mahāpañño hotī’’ti?
「善哉,尊者!」那位比库欢喜、随喜世尊所说后,向世尊问更进一步的问题:「尊者,所谓『贤智者、大慧者,贤智者、大慧者』。尊者,到什么程度才是贤智者、大慧者呢?」
‘‘Sādhu sādhu bhikkhu! Bhaddako kho te, bhikkhu, ummaggo, bhaddakaṃ paṭibhānaṃ, kalyāṇī paripucchā. Evañhi tvaṃ bhikkhu pucchasi – ‘paṇḍito mahāpañño, paṇḍito mahāpaññoti , bhante, vuccati. Kittāvatā nu kho, bhante, paṇḍito mahāpañño hotī’’’ti? ‘‘Evaṃ, bhante’’. ‘‘Idha, bhikkhu, paṇḍito mahāpañño nevattabyābādhāya ceteti na parabyābādhāya ceteti na ubhayabyābādhāya ceteti attahitaparahitaubhayahitasabbalokahitameva cintayamāno cinteti. Evaṃ kho, bhikkhu, paṇḍito mahāpañño hotī’’ti. Chaṭṭhaṃ.
「善哉!善哉!比库!比库,你的思路很好,你的领悟很好,你的问题很好。你这样问:『尊者,所谓「贤智者、大慧者,贤智者、大慧者」。尊者,到什么程度才是贤智者、大慧者呢?』」「是的,尊者。」「比库,在此,贤智者、大慧者既不思惟自己的恼害,也不思惟他人的恼害,也不思惟两者的恼害,他思惟时只思惟自利、他利、两者利、一切世间利。比库,如此才是贤智者、大慧者。」第六经。
7. Vassakārasuttaṃ7. 瓦萨咖拉经
§187
Ekaṃ samayaṃ bhagavā rājagahe viharati veḷuvane kalandakanivāpe. Atha kho vassakāro brāhmaṇo magadhamahāmatto yena bhagavā tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā bhagavatā saddhiṃ sammodi. Sammodanīyaṃ kathaṃ sāraṇīyaṃ vītisāretvā ekamantaṃ nisīdi. Ekamantaṃ nisinno kho vassakāro brāhmaṇo magadhamahāmatto bhagavantaṃ etadavoca –
一时,世尊住在王舍城竹林栗鼠庇护所。那时,瓦萨咖拉婆罗门、马嘎塔国大臣来到世尊处;到达后,与世尊互相问候。交换了友好、值得忆念的话语后,在一旁坐下。在一旁坐下的瓦萨咖拉婆罗门、马嘎塔国大臣对世尊这样说:
‘‘Jāneyya nu kho, bho gotama, asappuriso asappurisaṃ – ‘asappuriso ayaṃ bhava’’’nti? ‘‘Aṭṭhānaṃ kho etaṃ, brāhmaṇa, anavakāso yaṃ asappuriso asappurisaṃ jāneyya – ‘asappuriso ayaṃ bhava’’’nti. ‘‘Jāneyya pana, bho gotama, asappuriso sappurisaṃ – ‘sappuriso ayaṃ bhava’’’nti? ‘‘Etampi kho, brāhmaṇa, aṭṭhānaṃ anavakāso yaṃ asappuriso sappurisaṃ jāneyya – ‘sappuriso ayaṃ bhava’’’nti. ‘‘Jāneyya nu kho, bho gotama, sappuriso sappurisaṃ – ‘sappuriso ayaṃ bhava’’’nti? ‘‘Ṭhānaṃ kho etaṃ, brāhmaṇa, vijjati yaṃ sappuriso sappurisaṃ jāneyya – ‘sappuriso ayaṃ bhava’’’nti. ‘‘Jāneyya pana, bho gotama, sappuriso asappurisaṃ – ‘asappuriso ayaṃ bhava’’’nti? ‘‘Etampi kho, brāhmaṇa, ṭhānaṃ vijjati yaṃ sappuriso asappurisaṃ jāneyya – ‘asappuriso ayaṃ bhava’’’nti.
「果德玛尊者,非善士能知非善士『这位尊者是非善士』吗?」「婆罗门,这是须跋的,没有机会,非善士能知非善士『这位尊者是非善士』。」「那么,果德玛尊者,非善士能知善士『这位尊者是善士』吗?」「婆罗门,这也是须跋的,没有机会,非善士能知善士『这位尊者是善士』。」「果德玛尊者,善士能知善士『这位尊者是善士』吗?」「婆罗门,这是可能的,有机会,善士能知善士『这位尊者是善士』。」「那么,果德玛尊者,善士能知非善士『这位尊者是非善士』吗?」「婆罗门,这也是可能的,有机会,善士能知非善士『这位尊者是非善士』。」
‘‘Acchariyaṃ, bho gotama, abbhutaṃ, bho gotama! Yāva subhāsitaṃ cidaṃ, bhotā gotamena – ‘aṭṭhānaṃ kho etaṃ, brāhmaṇa, anavakāso yaṃ asappuriso asappurisaṃ jāneyya – asappuriso ayaṃ bhavanti. Etampi kho, brāhmaṇa, aṭṭhānaṃ anavakāso yaṃ asappuriso sappurisaṃ jāneyya – sappuriso ayaṃ bhavanti. Ṭhānaṃ kho etaṃ, brāhmaṇa, vijjati yaṃ sappuriso sappurisaṃ jāneyya – sappuriso ayaṃ bhavanti. Etampi kho, brāhmaṇa, ṭhānaṃ vijjati yaṃ sappuriso asappurisaṃ jāneyya – asappuriso ayaṃ bhava’’’nti.
「果德玛尊者,不可思议!果德玛尊者,未曾有!果德玛尊者所说的真是善说:『婆罗门,这是须跋的,没有机会,非善士能知非善士「这位尊者是非善士」。婆罗门,这也是须跋的,没有机会,非善士能知善士「这位尊者是善士」。婆罗门,这是可能的,有机会,善士能知善士「这位尊者是善士」。婆罗门,这也是可能的,有机会,善士能知非善士「这位尊者是非善士」。』」
‘‘Ekamidaṃ, bho gotama, samayaṃ todeyyassa brāhmaṇassa parisati parūpārambhaṃ vattenti – ‘bālo ayaṃ rājā eḷeyyo samaṇe rāmaputte abhippasanno, samaṇe ca pana rāmaputte evarūpaṃ paramanipaccakāraṃ karoti, yadidaṃ abhivādanaṃ paccuṭṭhānaṃ añjalikammaṃ sāmīcikamma’nti. Imepi rañño eḷeyyassa parihārakā bālā – yamako moggallo uggo nāvindakī gandhabbo aggivesso, ye samaṇe rāmaputte abhippasannā, samaṇe ca pana rāmaputte evarūpaṃ paramanipaccakāraṃ karonti, yadidaṃ abhivādanaṃ paccuṭṭhānaṃ añjalikammaṃ sāmīcikammanti. Tyāssudaṃ todeyyo brāhmaṇo iminā nayena neti. Taṃ kiṃ maññanti, bhonto, paṇḍito rājā eḷeyyo karaṇīyādhikaraṇīyesu vacanīyādhivacanīyesu alamatthadasatarehi alamatthadasataro’ti? ‘Evaṃ, bho, paṇḍito rājā eḷeyyo karaṇīyādhikaraṇīyesu vacanīyādhivacanīyesu alamatthadasatarehi alamatthadasataro’’’ti.
「果德玛尊者,有一次,在多德亚婆罗门的集会中,他们开始相互争论:『这位埃勒亚王是愚者,他信乐沙门拉玛子,而且对沙门拉玛子作这样的最高恭敬,即礼敬、起迎、合掌、恭敬的行为。』这些埃勒亚王的侍从也是愚者——亚马咖、摩嘎喇喇、伍果、那温达基、甘塔婆、阿基韦沙,他们信乐沙门拉玛子,而且对沙门拉玛子作这样的最高恭敬,即礼敬、起迎、合掌、恭敬的行为。多德亚婆罗门以这种方式引导他们。他们怎么想呢,诸位尊者,埃勒亚王是贤智者,在应作与不应作、应说与不应说方面,比能见义者更能见义吗?」「是的,尊者,埃勒亚王是贤智者,在应作与不应作、应说与不应说方面,比能见义者更能见义。」
‘‘Yasmā ca kho, bho, samaṇo rāmaputto raññā eḷeyyena paṇḍitena paṇḍitataro karaṇīyādhikaraṇīyesu vacanīyādhivacanīyesu alamatthadasatarena alamatthadasataro, tasmā rājā eḷeyyo samaṇe rāmaputte abhippasanno, samaṇe ca pana rāmaputte evarūpaṃ paramanipaccakāraṃ karoti, yadidaṃ abhivādanaṃ paccuṭṭhānaṃ añjalikammaṃ sāmīcikammaṃ’’.
「尊者,因为沙门拉玛子比埃勒亚王这位贤智者更贤智,在应作与不应作、应说与不应说方面,比能见义者更能见义,所以埃勒亚王信乐沙门拉玛子,而且对沙门拉玛子作这样的最高恭敬,即礼敬、起迎、合掌、恭敬的行为。」
‘‘Taṃ kiṃ maññanti, bhonto, paṇḍitā rañño eḷeyyassa parihārakā – yamako moggallo uggo nāvindakī gandhabbo aggivesso, karaṇīyādhikaraṇīyesu vacanīyādhivacanīyesu alamatthadasatarehi alamatthadasatarāti? ‘Evaṃ, bho, paṇḍitā rañño eḷeyyassa parihārakā – yamako moggallo uggo nāvindakī gandhabbo aggivesso, karaṇīyādhikaraṇīyesu vacanīyādhivacanīyesu alamatthadasatarehi alamatthadasatarā’’’ti.
「他们怎么想呢,诸位尊者,埃勒亚王的侍从——亚马咖、摩嘎喇喇、伍果、那温达基、甘塔婆、阿基韦沙,是贤智者,在应作与不应作、应说与不应说方面,比能见义者更能见义吗?」「是的,尊者,埃勒亚王的侍从——亚马咖、摩嘎喇喇、伍果、那温达基、甘塔婆、阿基韦沙,是贤智者,在应作与不应作、应说与不应说方面,比能见义者更能见义。」
‘‘Yasmā ca kho, bho, samaṇo rāmaputto rañño eḷeyyassa parihārakehi paṇḍitehi paṇḍitataro karaṇīyādhikaraṇīyesu vacanīyādhivacanīyesu alamatthadasatarehi alamatthadasataro, tasmā rañño eḷeyyassa parihārakā samaṇe rāmaputte abhippasannā; samaṇe ca pana rāmaputte evarūpaṃ paramanipaccakāraṃ karonti, yadidaṃ abhivādanaṃ paccuṭṭhānaṃ añjalikammaṃ sāmīcikamma’’nti.
「尊者,因为沙门果德玛之子比国王的侍从们更有智慧,在应作与不应作之事、应说与不应说之事上,比那些善于说明义理者更善于说明义理,因此国王的侍从们对沙门果德玛之子充满净信;而且他们对沙门果德玛之子作如此最高的恭敬,即:礼敬、起立、合掌、恭敬的行为。」
‘‘Acchariyaṃ, bho, gotama, abbhutaṃ, bho gotama! Yāva subhāsitaṃ cidaṃ bhotā gotamena – ‘aṭṭhānaṃ kho etaṃ, brāhmaṇa, anavakāso yaṃ asappuriso asappurisaṃ jāneyya – asappuriso ayaṃ bhavanti. Etampi kho, brāhmaṇa, aṭṭhānaṃ anavakāso yaṃ asappuriso sappurisaṃ jāneyya – sappuriso ayaṃ bhavanti. Ṭhānaṃ kho etaṃ, brāhmaṇa, vijjati yaṃ sappuriso sappurisaṃ jāneyya – sappuriso ayaṃ bhavanti. Etampi kho, brāhmaṇa, ṭhānaṃ vijjati yaṃ sappuriso asappurisaṃ jāneyya – asappuriso ayaṃ bhava’nti. Handa ca dāni mayaṃ, bho gotama, gacchāma. Bahukiccā mayaṃ bahukaraṇīyā’’ti. ‘‘Yassadāni tvaṃ, brāhmaṇa, kālaṃ maññasī’’ti. Atha kho vassakāro brāhmaṇo magadhamahāmatto bhagavato bhāsitaṃ abhinanditvā anumoditvā uṭṭhāyāsanā pakkāmīti. Sattamaṃ.
「尊者果德玛,真是不可思议!尊者果德玛,真是未曾有!尊者果德玛所说的真是善说——『婆罗门,这是须跋的,没有机会,非善人能了知非善人——此人是非善人。婆罗门,这也是须跋的,没有机会,非善人能了知善人——此人是善人。婆罗门,这是可能的,有机会,善人能了知善人——此人是善人。婆罗门,这也是可能的,有机会,善人能了知非善人——此人是非善人。』尊者果德玛,现在我们要走了。我们有很多事务,有很多应作之事。」「婆罗门,现在你认为是时候了。」于是,婆罗门瓦萨咖喇,马嘎塔大臣,对世尊所说随喜、欢喜后,从座起立而离去。第七经。
8. Upakasuttaṃ8. 伍巴咖经
§188
Ekaṃ samayaṃ bhagavā rājagahe viharati gijjhakūṭe pabbate. Atha kho upako maṇḍikāputto yena bhagavā tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā bhagavantaṃ abhivādetvā ekamantaṃ nisīdi. Ekamantaṃ nisinno kho upako maṇḍikāputto bhagavantaṃ etadavoca –
一时,世尊住在王舍城灵鹫山。那时,曼地咖之子乌巴咖来到世尊处;到了之后,礼敬世尊,坐在一边。坐在一边的曼地咖之子乌巴咖对世尊如此说:
‘‘Ahañhi, bhante, evaṃvādī evaṃdiṭṭhi – ‘yo koci parūpārambhaṃ vatteti, parūpārambhaṃ vattento sabbo so na upapādeti. Anupapādento gārayho hoti upavajjo’’’ti. ‘‘Parūpārambhaṃ ce, upaka, vatteti parūpārambhaṃ vattento na upapādeti, anupapādento gārayho hoti upavajjo. Tvaṃ kho, upaka, parūpārambhaṃ vattesi, parūpārambhaṃ vattento na upapādesi, anupapādento gārayho hosi upavajjo’’ti. ‘‘Seyyathāpi, bhante , ummujjamānakaṃyeva mahatā pāsena bandheyya; evamevaṃ kho ahaṃ, bhante, ummujjamānakoyeva bhagavatā mahatā vādapāsena baddho’’ti.
「尊者,我是如此说、如此见的——『凡是说他人过失者,说他人过失时,一切都不能证明。不能证明者应受呵责、应受责备。』」「乌巴咖,如果说他人过失者,说他人过失时不能证明,不能证明者应受呵责、应受责备。乌巴咖,你说他人过失,说他人过失时不能证明,不能证明者应受呵责、应受责备。」「尊者,譬如正浮出水面者被大网所缚;同样地,尊者,我正浮出水面时就被世尊的大论网所缚。」
‘‘Idaṃ akusalanti kho, upaka, mayā paññattaṃ. Tattha aparimāṇā padā aparimāṇā byañjanā aparimāṇā tathāgatassa dhammadesanā – itipidaṃ akusalanti. Taṃ kho panidaṃ akusalaṃ pahātabbanti kho, upaka, mayā paññattaṃ. Tattha aparimāṇā padā aparimāṇā byañjanā aparimāṇā tathāgatassa dhammadesanā – itipidaṃ akusalaṃ pahātabbanti.
「乌巴咖,『这是不善』,这是我所施设的。在那里,如来的说法有无量的句、无量的文、无量——如此这是不善。乌巴咖,『这不善应当被舍断』,这是我所施设的。在那里,如来的说法有无量的句、无量的文、无量——如此这不善应当被舍断。
‘‘Idaṃ kusalanti kho, upaka, mayā paññattaṃ. Tattha aparimāṇā padā aparimāṇā byañjanā aparimāṇā tathāgatassa dhammadesanā – itipidaṃ kusalanti. Taṃ kho panidaṃ kusalaṃ bhāvetabbanti kho, upaka, mayā paññattaṃ. Tattha aparimāṇā padā aparimāṇā byañjanā aparimāṇā tathāgatassa dhammadesanā – itipidaṃ kusalaṃ bhāvetabba’’nti.
「乌巴咖,『这是善』,这是我所施设的。在那里,如来的说法有无量的句、无量的文、无量——如此这是善。乌巴咖,『这善应当被修习』,这是我所施设的。在那里,如来的说法有无量的句、无量的文、无量——如此这善应当被修习。」
Atha kho upako maṇḍikāputto bhagavato bhāsitaṃ abhinanditvā anumoditvā uṭṭhāyāsanā bhagavantaṃ abhivādetvā padakkhiṇaṃ katvā yena rājā māgadho ajātasattu vedehiputto tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā yāvatako ahosi bhagavatā saddhiṃ kathāsallāpo taṃ sabbaṃ rañño māgadhassa ajātasattussa vedehiputtassa ārocesi.
于是,曼地咖之子乌巴咖对世尊所说随喜、欢喜后,从座起立,礼敬世尊,作右绕后,来到马嘎塔国王韦德希之子阿迦答萨都处;到了之后,将与世尊的一切谈话全部告知马嘎塔国王韦德希之子阿迦答萨都。
Evaṃ vutte rājā māgadho ajātasattu vedehiputto kupito anattamano upakaṃ maṇḍikāputtaṃ etadavoca – ‘‘yāva dhaṃsī vatāyaṃ loṇakāradārako yāva mukharo yāva pagabbo yatra hi nāma taṃ bhagavantaṃ arahantaṃ sammāsambuddhaṃ āsādetabbaṃ maññissati; apehi tvaṃ, upaka, vinassa, mā taṃ addasa’’nti. Aṭṭhamaṃ.
如此说时,马嘎塔国王韦德希之子阿迦答萨都愤怒、不悦,对曼地咖之子乌巴咖如此说:「这个制盐者的儿子真是傲慢!真是多嘴!真是放肆!竟然认为应当冒犯那位世尊、阿拉汉、正等正觉者;你走开,乌巴咖,滚!不要让我看见你!」第八经。
9. Sacchikaraṇīyasuttaṃ9. 应作证经
§189
‘‘Cattārome , bhikkhave, sacchikaraṇīyā dhammā. Katame cattāro? Atthi , bhikkhave, dhammā kāyena sacchikaraṇīyā; atthi, bhikkhave, dhammā satiyā sacchikaraṇīyā; atthi, bhikkhave, dhammā cakkhunā sacchikaraṇīyā; atthi, bhikkhave, dhammā paññāya sacchikaraṇīyā. Katame ca, bhikkhave, dhammā kāyena sacchikaraṇīyā? Aṭṭha vimokkhā, bhikkhave, kāyena sacchikaraṇīyā.
「诸比库,有四种应现证之法。哪四种?诸比库,有以身应现证之法;诸比库,有以念应现证之法;诸比库,有以眼应现证之法;诸比库,有以慧应现证之法。诸比库,什么是以身应现证之法?诸比库,八解脱是以身应现证的。
‘‘Katame ca, bhikkhave, dhammā satiyā sacchikaraṇīyā? Pubbenivāso, bhikkhave, satiyā sacchikaraṇīyo.
「诸比库,什么是以念应现证之法?诸比库,宿住是以念应现证的。
‘‘Katame ca, bhikkhave, dhammā cakkhunā sacchikaraṇīyā? Sattānaṃ cutūpapāto, bhikkhave, cakkhunā sacchikaraṇīyo.
「诸比库,什么是以眼应现证之法?诸比库,诸有情的死生是以眼应现证的。
‘‘Katame ca, bhikkhave, dhammā paññāya sacchikaraṇīyā? Āsavānaṃ khayo, bhikkhave, paññāya sacchikaraṇīyo. Ime kho, bhikkhave, cattāro sacchikaraṇīyā dhammā’’ti. Navamaṃ.
「诸比库,什么是以慧应现证之法?诸比库,诸漏尽是以慧应现证的。诸比库,这些是四种应现证之法。」第九经。
10. Uposathasuttaṃ10. 伍波萨他经
§190
Ekaṃ samayaṃ bhagavā sāvatthiyaṃ viharati pubbārāme migāramātupāsāde. Tena kho pana samayena bhagavā tadahuposathe bhikkhusaṅghaparivuto nisinno hoti. Atha kho bhagavā tuṇhībhūtaṃ tuṇhībhūtaṃ bhikkhusaṅghaṃ anuviloketvā bhikkhū āmantesi –
一时,世尊住在沙瓦提城东园鹿母讲堂。尔时,世尊于当日伍波萨他日,为比库僧团围绕而坐。于是,世尊遍观寂静、寂静的比库僧团后,对诸比库说——
‘‘Apalāpāyaṃ, bhikkhave, parisā nippalāpāyaṃ, bhikkhave, parisā suddhā sāre patiṭṭhitā. Tathārūpo ayaṃ , bhikkhave, bhikkhusaṅgho, tathārūpāyaṃ, bhikkhave, parisā. Yathārūpā parisā dullabhā dassanāyapi lokasmiṃ, tathārūpo ayaṃ, bhikkhave, bhikkhusaṅgho, tathārūpāyaṃ, bhikkhave, parisā. Yathārūpā parisā āhuneyyā pāhuneyyā dakkhiṇeyyā añjalikaraṇīyā anuttaraṃ puññakkhettaṃ lokassa, tathārūpo ayaṃ, bhikkhave, bhikkhusaṅgho, tathārūpāyaṃ, bhikkhave, parisā . Yathārūpāya parisāya appaṃ dinnaṃ bahu hoti bahu dinnaṃ bahutaraṃ, tathārūpo ayaṃ, bhikkhave, bhikkhusaṅgho, tathārūpāyaṃ, bhikkhave, parisā. Yathārūpaṃ parisaṃ alaṃ yojanagaṇanānipi dassanāya gantuṃ api puṭosenāpi, tathārūpo ayaṃ, bhikkhave, bhikkhusaṅgho, (tathārūpāyaṃ, bhikkhave, parisā) .
「诸比库,此众无戏论,诸比库,此众离戏论,诸比库,此众清净、住立于核心。诸比库,此比库僧团是如此的,诸比库,此众是如此的。诸比库,如此之众在世间连见到也难得,诸比库,此比库僧团是如此的,诸比库,此众是如此的。诸比库,如此之众应受供养、应受供奉、应受布施、应受合掌,是世间的无上福田,诸比库,此比库僧团是如此的,诸比库,此众是如此的。诸比库,对如此之众,少施成多,多施成更多,诸比库,此比库僧团是如此的,诸比库,此众是如此的。诸比库,如此之众值得带着行囊走数由旬去见,诸比库,此比库僧团是如此的(诸比库,此众是如此的)。
‘‘Santi , bhikkhave, bhikkhū imasmiṃ bhikkhusaṅghe devappattā viharanti; santi, bhikkhave, bhikkhū imasmiṃ bhikkhusaṅghe brahmappattā viharanti; santi, bhikkhave, bhikkhū imasmiṃ bhikkhusaṅghe āneñjappattā viharanti; santi, bhikkhave, bhikkhū imasmiṃ bhikkhusaṅghe ariyappattā viharanti.
「诸比库,在此比库僧团中,有诸比库已达天而住;诸比库,在此比库僧团中,有诸比库已达梵天而住;诸比库,在此比库僧团中,有诸比库已达不动而住;诸比库,在此比库僧团中,有诸比库已达圣而住。
‘‘Kathañca, bhikkhave, bhikkhu devappatto hoti? Idha, bhikkhave, bhikkhu vivicceva kāmehi…pe… paṭhamaṃ jhānaṃ upasampajja viharati; vitakkavicārānaṃ vūpasamā…pe… dutiyaṃ jhānaṃ…pe… tatiyaṃ jhānaṃ…pe… catutthaṃ jhānaṃ upasampajja viharati. Evaṃ kho, bhikkhave, bhikkhu devappatto hoti.
「诸比库,比库如何已达天?诸比库,于此,比库离诸欲……证得初禅而住;由于寻伺的止息……证得第二禅……第三禅……证得第四禅而住。诸比库,比库如此已达天。
‘‘Kathañca, bhikkhave, bhikkhu brahmappatto hoti? Idha, bhikkhave, bhikkhu mettāsahagatena cetasā ekaṃ disaṃ pharitvā viharati, tathā dutiyaṃ tathā tatiyaṃ tathā catutthaṃ. Iti uddhamadho tiriyaṃ sabbadhi sabbattatāya sabbāvantaṃ lokaṃ mettāsahagatena cetasā vipulena mahaggatena appamāṇena averena abyāpajjena pharitvā viharati. Karuṇā… muditā… upekkhāsahagatena cetasā ekaṃ disaṃ pharitvā viharati, tathā dutiyaṃ tathā tatiyaṃ tathā catutthaṃ. Iti uddhamadho tiriyaṃ sabbadhi sabbattatāya sabbāvantaṃ lokaṃ upekkhāsahagatena cetasā vipulena mahaggatena appamāṇena averena abyāpajjena pharitvā viharati. Evaṃ kho, bhikkhave, bhikkhu brahmappatto hoti.
「诸比库,比库如何达到梵?诸比库,于此,比库以与慈俱行之心遍满一方而住,如是第二方,如是第三方,如是第四方。如是,上、下、横、一切处,以一切为自己,以与慈俱行之心,广大、无量、无怨、无害,遍满一切世间而住。以与悲俱行之心……以与喜俱行之心……以与舍俱行之心遍满一方而住,如是第二方,如是第三方,如是第四方。如是,上、下、横、一切处,以一切为自己,以与舍俱行之心,广大、无量、无怨、无害,遍满一切世间而住。诸比库,比库如是达到梵。」
‘‘Kathañca, bhikkhave, bhikkhu āneñjappatto hoti? Idha, bhikkhave, bhikkhu sabbaso rūpasaññānaṃ samatikkamā paṭighasaññānaṃ atthaṅgamā nānattasaññānaṃ amanasikārā ‘ananto ākāso’ti ākāsānañcāyatanaṃ upasampajja viharati. Sabbaso ākāsānañcāyatanaṃ samatikkamma ‘anantaṃ viññāṇa’nti viññāṇañcāyatanaṃ upasampajja viharati. Sabbaso viññāṇañcāyatanaṃ samatikkamma ‘natthi kiñcī’ti ākiñcaññāyatanaṃ upasampajja viharati. Sabbaso ākiñcaññāyatanaṃ samatikkamma nevasaññānāsaññāyatanaṃ upasampajja viharati. Evaṃ kho, bhikkhave, bhikkhu āneñjappatto hoti.
「诸比库,比库如何达到不动?诸比库,于此,比库完全超越诸色想,灭有对想,不作意种种想,『虚空无边』,成就虚空无边处而住。完全超越虚空无边处,『识无边』,成就识无边处而住。完全超越识无边处,『无所有』,成就无所有处而住。完全超越无所有处,成就非想非非想处而住。诸比库,比库如是达到不动。」
‘‘Kathañca, bhikkhave, bhikkhu ariyappatto hoti? Idha, bhikkhave, bhikkhu ‘idaṃ dukkha’nti yathābhūtaṃ pajānāti…pe… ‘ayaṃ dukkhanirodhagāminī paṭipadā’ti yathābhūtaṃ pajānāti. Evaṃ kho, bhikkhave, bhikkhu ariyappatto hotī’’ti. Dasamaṃ.
「诸比库,比库如何达到圣?诸比库,于此,比库如实了知『这是苦』……如实了知『这是导至苦灭之道』。诸比库,比库如是达到圣。」第十经。
Brāhmaṇavaggo catuttho. · 婆罗门品第四
Tassuddānaṃ –
其摄颂——
Yodhā pāṭibhogasutaṃ, abhayaṃ brāhmaṇasaccena pañcamaṃ;
战士、酬报、经,无畏、婆罗门、真实为第五;
Ummaggavassakāro, upako sacchikiriyā ca uposathoti.
邪道、雨者,伍巴咖、作证与伍波萨他。