(17) 2. Paṭipadāvaggo(17) 2. 道品
(17) 2. Paṭipadāvaggo(17) 2. 道品
1. Saṃkhittasuttaṃ1. 简略经
§161
‘‘Catasso imā, bhikkhave, paṭipadā. Katamā catasso? Dukkhā paṭipadā dandhābhiññā, dukkhā paṭipadā khippābhiññā, sukhā paṭipadā dandhābhiññā, sukhā paṭipadā khippābhiññā – imā kho, bhikkhave, catasso paṭipadā’’ti. Paṭhamaṃ.
「诸比库,这些是四种道。哪四种?苦行道迟通达,苦行道速通达,乐行道迟通达,乐行道速通达——诸比库,这些是四种道。」第一。
2. Vitthārasuttaṃ2. 详细经
§162
‘‘Catasso imā, bhikkhave, paṭipadā. Katamā catasso? Dukkhā paṭipadā dandhābhiññā, dukkhā paṭipadā khippābhiññā, sukhā paṭipadā dandhābhiññā, sukhā paṭipadā khippābhiññā.
「诸比库,这些是四种道。哪四种?苦行道迟通达,苦行道速通达,乐行道迟通达,乐行道速通达。
‘‘Katamā ca, bhikkhave, dukkhā paṭipadā dandhābhiññā? Idha, bhikkhave, ekacco pakatiyāpi tibbarāgajātiko hoti, abhikkhaṇaṃ rāgajaṃ dukkhaṃ domanassaṃ paṭisaṃvedeti. Pakatiyāpi tibbadosajātiko hoti, abhikkhaṇaṃ dosajaṃ dukkhaṃ domanassaṃ paṭisaṃvedeti. Pakatiyāpi tibbamohajātiko hoti, abhikkhaṇaṃ mohajaṃ dukkhaṃ domanassaṃ paṭisaṃvedeti. Tassimāni pañcindriyāni mudūni pātubhavanti – saddhindriyaṃ, vīriyindriyaṃ, satindriyaṃ, samādhindriyaṃ, paññindriyaṃ. So imesaṃ pañcannaṃ indriyānaṃ muduttā dandhaṃ ānantariyaṃ pāpuṇāti āsavānaṃ khayāya. Ayaṃ vuccati, bhikkhave, dukkhā paṭipadā dandhābhiññā.
「诸比库,什么是苦行道迟通达?诸比库,这里,某人生来本性就是强贪者,时常感受由贪生起的苦与忧。生来本性就是强嗔者,时常感受由嗔生起的苦与忧。生来本性就是强痴者,时常感受由痴生起的苦与忧。他的这五根呈现为软弱——信根、精进根、念根、定根、慧根。由于这五根的软弱,他缓慢地达到无间[定],以灭尽诸漏。诸比库,这称为苦行道迟通达。
‘‘Katamā ca, bhikkhave, dukkhā paṭipadā khippābhiññā? Idha, bhikkhave, ekacco pakatiyāpi tibbarāgajātiko hoti, abhikkhaṇaṃ rāgajaṃ dukkhaṃ domanassaṃ paṭisaṃvedeti. Pakatiyāpi tibbadosajātiko hoti, abhikkhaṇaṃ dosajaṃ dukkhaṃ domanassaṃ paṭisaṃvedeti. Pakatiyāpi tibbamohajātiko hoti , abhikkhaṇaṃ mohajaṃ dukkhaṃ domanassaṃ paṭisaṃvedeti. Tassimāni pañcindriyāni adhimattāni pātubhavanti – saddhindriyaṃ, vīriyindriyaṃ, satindriyaṃ, samādhindriyaṃ, paññindriyaṃ. So imesaṃ pañcannaṃ indriyānaṃ adhimattattā khippaṃ ānantariyaṃ pāpuṇāti āsavānaṃ khayāya. Ayaṃ vuccati, bhikkhave, dukkhā paṭipadā khippābhiññā.
「诸比库,什么是苦行道速通达?诸比库,这里,某人生来本性就是强贪者,时常感受由贪生起的苦与忧。生来本性就是强嗔者,时常感受由嗔生起的苦与忧。生来本性就是强痴者,时常感受由痴生起的苦与忧。他的这五根呈现为增上——信根、精进根、念根、定根、慧根。由于这五根的增上,他迅速地达到无间[定],以灭尽诸漏。诸比库,这称为苦行道速通达。
‘‘Katamā ca, bhikkhave, sukhā paṭipadā dandhābhiññā? Idha, bhikkhave, ekacco pakatiyāpi na tibbarāgajātiko hoti, nābhikkhaṇaṃ rāgajaṃ dukkhaṃ domanassaṃ paṭisaṃvedeti. Pakatiyāpi na tibbadosajātiko hoti, nābhikkhaṇaṃ dosajaṃ dukkhaṃ domanassaṃ paṭisaṃvedeti. Pakatiyāpi na tibbamohajātiko hoti, nābhikkhaṇaṃ mohajaṃ dukkhaṃ domanassaṃ paṭisaṃvedeti. Tassimāni pañcindriyāni mudūni pātubhavanti – saddhindriyaṃ…pe… paññindriyaṃ. So imesaṃ pañcannaṃ indriyānaṃ muduttā dandhaṃ ānantariyaṃ pāpuṇāti āsavānaṃ khayāya. Ayaṃ vuccati, bhikkhave, sukhā paṭipadā dandhābhiññā.
「诸比库,什么是乐行道迟通达?诸比库,这里,某人生来本性不是强贪者,不时常感受由贪生起的苦与忧。生来本性不是强嗔者,不时常感受由嗔生起的苦与忧。生来本性不是强痴者,不时常感受由痴生起的苦与忧。他的这五根呈现为软弱——信根……慧根。由于这五根的软弱,他缓慢地达到无间[定],以灭尽诸漏。诸比库,这称为乐行道迟通达。
‘‘Katamā ca, bhikkhave, sukhā paṭipadā khippābhiññā? Idha, bhikkhave, ekacco pakatiyāpi na tibbarāgajātiko hoti, nābhikkhaṇaṃ rāgajaṃ dukkhaṃ domanassaṃ paṭisaṃvedeti. Pakatiyāpi na tibbadosajātiko hoti, nābhikkhaṇaṃ dosajaṃ dukkhaṃ domanassaṃ paṭisaṃvedeti. Pakatiyāpi na tibbamohajātiko hoti, nābhikkhaṇaṃ mohajaṃ dukkhaṃ domanassaṃ paṭisaṃvedeti. Tassimāni pañcindriyāni adhimattāni pātubhavanti – saddhindriyaṃ, vīriyindriyaṃ, satindriyaṃ, samādhindriyaṃ, paññindriyaṃ . So imesaṃ pañcannaṃ indriyānaṃ adhimattattā khippaṃ ānantariyaṃ pāpuṇāti āsavānaṃ khayāya. Ayaṃ vuccati, bhikkhave, sukhā paṭipadā khippābhiññā. Imā kho, bhikkhave, catasso paṭipadā’’ti. Dutiyaṃ.
「诸比库,什么是乐行道速通达?诸比库,这里,某人生来本性不是强贪者,不时常感受由贪生起的苦与忧。生来本性不是强嗔者,不时常感受由嗔生起的苦与忧。生来本性不是强痴者,不时常感受由痴生起的苦与忧。他的这五根呈现为增上——信根、精进根、念根、定根、慧根。由于这五根的增上,他迅速地达到无间[定],以灭尽诸漏。诸比库,这称为乐行道速通达。诸比库,这些是四种道。」第二。
3. Asubhasuttaṃ3. 不净经
§163
‘‘Catasso imā, bhikkhave, paṭipadā. Katamā catasso? Dukkhā paṭipadā dandhābhiññā, dukkhā paṭipadā khippābhiññā, sukhā paṭipadā dandhābhiññā, sukhā paṭipadā khippābhiññā.
「诸比库,这些是四种道。哪四种?苦行道迟通达,苦行道速通达,乐行道迟通达,乐行道速通达。
‘‘Katamā ca, bhikkhave, dukkhā paṭipadā dandhābhiññā? Idha, bhikkhave, bhikkhu asubhānupassī kāye viharati, āhāre paṭikūlasaññī , sabbaloke anabhiratisaññī , sabbasaṅkhāresu aniccānupassī; maraṇasaññā kho panassa ajjhattaṃ sūpaṭṭhitā hoti. So imāni pañca sekhabalāni upanissāya viharati – saddhābalaṃ, hiribalaṃ, ottappabalaṃ, vīriyabalaṃ , paññābalaṃ. Tassimāni pañcindriyāni mudūni pātubhavanti – saddhindriyaṃ, vīriyindriyaṃ, satindriyaṃ, samādhindriyaṃ, paññindriyaṃ. So imesaṃ pañcannaṃ indriyānaṃ muduttā dandhaṃ ānantariyaṃ pāpuṇāti āsavānaṃ khayāya. Ayaṃ vuccati, bhikkhave, dukkhā paṭipadā dandhābhiññā.
「诸比库,什么是苦行道迟通达?诸比库,这里,比库于身随观须跋而住,于食厌恶想,于一切世间不乐想,于一切诸行随观无常;而且死想在他内心善现起。他依止这五种有学力而住——信力、惭力、愧力、精进力、慧力。他的这五根呈现为软弱——信根、精进根、念根、定根、慧根。由于这五根的软弱,他缓慢地达到无间[定],以灭尽诸漏。诸比库,这称为苦行道迟通达。
‘‘Katamā ca, bhikkhave, dukkhā paṭipadā khippābhiññā? Idha, bhikkhave, bhikkhu asubhānupassī kāye viharati, āhāre paṭikūlasaññī, sabbaloke anabhiratisaññī, sabbasaṅkhāresu aniccānupassī; maraṇasaññā kho panassa ajjhattaṃ sūpaṭṭhitā hoti. So imāni pañca sekhabalāni upanissāya viharati – saddhābalaṃ…pe… paññābalaṃ. Tassimāni pañcindriyāni adhimattāni pātubhavanti – saddhindriyaṃ…pe… paññindriyaṃ. So imesaṃ pañcannaṃ indriyānaṃ adhimattattā khippaṃ ānantariyaṃ pāpuṇāti āsavānaṃ khayāya. Ayaṃ vuccati, bhikkhave, dukkhā paṭipadā khippābhiññā.
「诸比库,什么是苦行道速通智?诸比库,这里,比库住于随观身须跋,于食厌恶想,于一切世间不喜乐想,于一切诸行随观无常;死想于内善现起。他依止这五学力而住——信力……(中略)……慧力。他的这五根以强盛显现——信根……(中略)……慧根。他因这五根的强盛故,迅速达到无间[定],以灭尽诸漏。诸比库,这称为苦行道速通智。」
‘‘Katamā ca, bhikkhave, sukhā paṭipadā dandhābhiññā? Idha bhikkhave, bhikkhu vivicceva kāmehi vivicca akusalehi dhammehi savitakkaṃ savicāraṃ vivekajaṃ pītisukhaṃ paṭhamaṃ jhānaṃ upasampajja viharati; vitakkavicārānaṃ vūpasamā ajjhattaṃ sampasādanaṃ cetaso ekodibhāvaṃ avitakkaṃ avicāraṃ samādhijaṃ pītisukhaṃ dutiyaṃ jhānaṃ upasampajja viharati; pītiyā ca virāgā upekkhako ca viharati sato ca sampajāno sukhañca kāyena paṭisaṃvedeti yaṃ taṃ ariyā ācikkhanti – ‘upekkhako satimā sukhavihārī’ti tatiyaṃ jhānaṃ upasampajja viharati; sukhassa ca pahānā dukkhassa ca pahānā pubbeva somanassadomanassānaṃ atthaṅgamā adukkhamasukhaṃ upekkhāsatipārisuddhiṃ catutthaṃ jhānaṃ upasampajja viharati. So imāni pañca sekhabalāni upanissāya viharati – saddhābalaṃ…pe… paññābalaṃ. Tassimāni pañcindriyāni mudūni pātubhavanti – saddhindriyaṃ…pe… paññindriyaṃ. So imesaṃ pañcannaṃ indriyānaṃ muduttā dandhaṃ ānantariyaṃ pāpuṇāti āsavānaṃ khayāya. Ayaṃ vuccati, bhikkhave, sukhā paṭipadā dandhābhiññā.
「诸比库,什么是乐行道迟通智?诸比库,这里,比库离诸欲,离诸不善法,有寻、有伺,离生喜乐,具足住于初禅那;由寻伺的止息,内净,心专一性,无寻、无伺,定生喜乐,具足住于第二禅那;由喜的离去,他住于舍,具念、正知,以身受乐,那些圣者宣说『舍、具念、乐住』,具足住于第三禅那;由乐的舍断与苦的舍断,先前喜忧已灭没,不苦不乐,舍念清净,具足住于第四禅那。他依止这五学力而住——信力……(中略)……慧力。他的这五根以柔软显现——信根……(中略)……慧根。他因这五根的柔软故,缓慢达到无间[定],以灭尽诸漏。诸比库,这称为乐行道迟通智。」
‘‘Katamā ca, bhikkhave, sukhā paṭipadā khippābhiññā? Idha, bhikkhave, bhikkhu vivicceva kāmehi vivicca akusalehi dhammehi savitakkaṃ savicāraṃ vivekajaṃ pītisukhaṃ paṭhamaṃ jhānaṃ upasampajja viharati…pe… dutiyaṃ jhānaṃ…pe… tatiyaṃ jhānaṃ…pe… catutthaṃ jhānaṃ upasampajja viharati. So imāni pañca sekhabalāni upanissāya viharati – saddhābalaṃ, hiribalaṃ, ottappabalaṃ, vīriyabalaṃ, paññābalaṃ. Tassimāni pañcindriyāni adhimattāni pātubhavanti – saddhindriyaṃ, vīriyindriyaṃ, satindriyaṃ, samādhindriyaṃ, paññindriyaṃ. So imesaṃ pañcannaṃ indriyānaṃ adhimattattā khippaṃ ānantariyaṃ pāpuṇāti āsavānaṃ khayāya. Ayaṃ vuccati, bhikkhave, sukhā paṭipadā khippābhiññā. Imā kho, bhikkhave, catasso paṭipadā’’ti. Tatiyaṃ.
「诸比库,什么是乐行道速通智?诸比库,这里,比库离诸欲,离诸不善法,有寻、有伺,离生喜乐,具足住于初禅那……(中略)……第二禅那……(中略)……第三禅那……(中略)……具足住于第四禅那。他依止这五学力而住——信力、惭力、愧力、精进力、慧力。他的这五根以强盛显现——信根、精进根、念根、定根、慧根。他因这五根的强盛故,迅速达到无间[定],以灭尽诸漏。诸比库,这称为乐行道速通智。诸比库,这些是四种行道。」第三经。
4. Paṭhamakhamasuttaṃ4. 第一堪忍经
§164
‘‘Catasso imā, bhikkhave, paṭipadā. Katamā catasso? Akkhamā paṭipadā, khamā paṭipadā, damā paṭipadā, samā paṭipadā. Katamā ca, bhikkhave, akkhamā paṭipadā? Idha, bhikkhave, ekacco akkosantaṃ paccakkosati, rosantaṃ paṭirosati, bhaṇḍantaṃ paṭibhaṇḍati. Ayaṃ vuccati, bhikkhave, akkhamā paṭipadā.
「诸比库,有这四种行道。哪四种?不忍行道、忍行道、调伏行道、寂静行道。诸比库,什么是不忍行道?诸比库,这里,某人被骂时回骂,被怒时回怒,被争时回争。诸比库,这称为不忍行道。」
‘‘Katamā ca, bhikkhave, khamā paṭipadā? Idha, bhikkhave, ekacco akkosantaṃ na paccakkosati, rosantaṃ na paṭirosati, bhaṇḍantaṃ na paṭibhaṇḍati. Ayaṃ vuccati, bhikkhave, khamā paṭipadā.
「诸比库,什么是忍行道?诸比库,这里,某人被骂时不回骂,被怒时不回怒,被争时不回争。诸比库,这称为忍行道。」
‘‘Katamā ca, bhikkhave, damā paṭipadā? Idha, bhikkhave, bhikkhu cakkhunā rūpaṃ disvā na nimittaggāhī hoti nānubyañjanaggāhī; yatvādhikaraṇamenaṃ cakkhundriyaṃ asaṃvutaṃ viharantaṃ abhijjhādomanassā pāpakā akusalā dhammā anvāssaveyyuṃ, tassa saṃvarāya paṭipajjati; rakkhati cakkhundriyaṃ; cakkhundriye saṃvaraṃ āpajjati. Sotena saddaṃ sutvā… ghānena gandhaṃ ghāyitvā… jivhāya rasaṃ sāyitvā… kāyena phoṭṭhabbaṃ phusitvā… manasā dhammaṃ viññāya na nimittaggāhī hoti nānubyañjanaggāhī; yatvādhikaraṇamenaṃ manindriyaṃ asaṃvutaṃ viharantaṃ abhijjhādomanassā pāpakā akusalā dhammā anvāssaveyyuṃ, tassa saṃvarāya paṭipajjati ; rakkhati manindriyaṃ; manindriye saṃvaraṃ āpajjati. Ayaṃ vuccati, bhikkhave, damā paṭipadā.
「诸比库,什么是调伏行道?诸比库,这里,比库以眼见色后,不取相,不取随相;因为当他住于眼根不防护时,贪忧、诸恶不善法会流入,他行道以防护它;他守护眼根;他达到眼根的防护。以耳闻声后……以鼻嗅香后……以舌尝味后……以身触所触后……以意识法后,不取相,不取随相;因为当他住于意根不防护时,贪忧、诸恶不善法会流入,他行道以防护它;他守护意根;他达到意根的防护。诸比库,这称为调伏行道。」
‘‘Katamā ca, bhikkhave, samā paṭipadā? Idha, bhikkhave, bhikkhu uppannaṃ kāmavitakkaṃ nādhivāseti pajahati vinodeti sameti byantīkaroti anabhāvaṃ gameti; uppannaṃ byāpādavitakkaṃ…pe… uppannaṃ vihiṃsāvitakkaṃ… uppannuppanne pāpake akusale dhamme nādhivāseti pajahati vinodeti sameti byantīkaroti anabhāvaṃ gameti. Ayaṃ vuccati, bhikkhave, samā paṭipadā. Imā kho, bhikkhave, catasso paṭipadā’’ti. Catutthaṃ.
「诸比库,什么是寂静行道?诸比库,这里,比库对已生起的欲寻不容忍,舍断、驱除、止息、使之消灭、使之成为非有;对已生起的嗔寻……(中略)……对已生起的害寻……对已生起的诸恶不善法不容忍,舍断、驱除、止息、使之消灭、使之成为非有。诸比库,这称为寂静行道。诸比库,这些是四种行道。」第四经。
5. Dutiyakhamasuttaṃ5. 第二堪忍经
§165
‘‘Catasso imā, bhikkhave, paṭipadā. Katamā catasso? Akkhamā paṭipadā, khamā paṭipadā, damā paṭipadā, samā paṭipadā.
「诸比库,有这四种行道。哪四种?不忍行道、忍行道、调伏行道、寂静行道。」
‘‘Katamā ca, bhikkhave, akkhamā paṭipadā? Idha, bhikkhave, ekacco akkhamo hoti sītassa uṇhassa jighacchāya pipāsāya, ḍaṃsamakasavātātapasarīsapasamphassānaṃ duruttānaṃ durāgatānaṃ vacanapathānaṃ uppannānaṃ sārīrikānaṃ vedanānaṃ dukkhānaṃ tibbānaṃ kharānaṃ kaṭukānaṃ asātānaṃ amanāpānaṃ pāṇaharānaṃ anadhivāsakajātiko hoti. Ayaṃ vuccati, bhikkhave, akkhamā paṭipadā .
「诸比库,什么是不堪忍之道?诸比库,这里,某人不能堪忍寒、热、饥、渴,虻、蚊、风、炎热、爬虫类的接触,恶言、粗语的言辞之道,已生起的身体的诸受——苦的、激烈的、粗重的、辛辣的、不可意的、不合意的、夺命的——他是不能忍受之性者。诸比库,这称为不堪忍之道。」
‘‘Katamā ca, bhikkhave, khamā paṭipadā? Idha, bhikkhave, ekacco khamo hoti sītassa uṇhassa jighacchāya pipāsāya, ḍaṃsamakasavātātapasarīsapasamphassānaṃ duruttānaṃ durāgatānaṃ vacanapathānaṃ uppannānaṃ sārīrikānaṃ vedanānaṃ dukkhānaṃ tibbānaṃ kharānaṃ kaṭukānaṃ asātānaṃ amanāpānaṃ pāṇaharānaṃ adhivāsakajātiko hoti. Ayaṃ vuccati, bhikkhave, khamā paṭipadā.
「诸比库,什么是堪忍之道?诸比库,这里,某人能堪忍寒、热、饥、渴,虻、蚊、风、炎热、爬虫类的接触,恶言、粗语的言辞之道,已生起的身体的诸受——苦的、激烈的、粗重的、辛辣的、不可意的、不合意的、夺命的——他是能忍受之性者。诸比库,这称为堪忍之道。」
‘‘Katamā ca, bhikkhave, damā paṭipadā? Idha, bhikkhave, bhikkhu cakkhunā rūpaṃ disvā na nimittaggāhī hoti…pe… sotena saddaṃ sutvā… ghānena gandhaṃ ghāyitvā… jivhāya rasaṃ sāyitvā… kāyena phoṭṭhabbaṃ phusitvā… manasā dhammaṃ viññāya na nimittaggāhī hoti nānubyañjanaggāhī; yatvādhikaraṇamenaṃ manindriyaṃ asaṃvutaṃ viharantaṃ abhijjhādomanassā pāpakā akusalā dhammā anvāssaveyyuṃ, tassa saṃvarāya paṭipajjati; rakkhati manindriyaṃ; manindriye saṃvaraṃ āpajjati. Ayaṃ vuccati, bhikkhave, damā paṭipadā.
「诸比库,什么是调伏之道?诸比库,这里,比库以眼见色后,不成为相的执取者……(中略)……以耳闻声后……以鼻嗅香后……以舌尝味后……以身触所触后……以意识法后,不成为相的执取者,不成为随相的执取者;由于他以意根不防护而住,贪忧、诸恶不善法会流入的那个原因,他为了其防护而行道;他守护意根;他达到意根的防护。诸比库,这称为调伏之道。」
‘‘Katamā ca, bhikkhave, samā paṭipadā? Idha, bhikkhave, bhikkhu uppannaṃ kāmavitakkaṃ nādhivāseti pajahati vinodeti sameti byantīkaroti anabhāvaṃ gameti, uppannaṃ byāpādavitakkaṃ…pe… uppannaṃ vihiṃsāvitakkaṃ… uppannuppanne pāpake akusale dhamme nādhivāseti pajahati vinodeti sameti byantīkaroti anabhāvaṃ gameti. Ayaṃ vuccati, bhikkhave, samā paṭipadā. Imā kho, bhikkhave, catasso paṭipadā’’ti. Pañcamaṃ.
「诸比库,什么是寂止之道?诸比库,这里,比库对已生起的欲寻不容忍,舍断、驱除、使之平息、使之灭尽、使之成为非有;对已生起的嗔寻……(中略)……对已生起的害寻……对已生起、生起的诸恶不善法不容忍,舍断、驱除、使之平息、使之灭尽、使之成为非有。诸比库,这称为寂止之道。诸比库,这些是四种道。」第五经
6. Ubhayasuttaṃ6. 两者经
§166
‘‘Catasso imā, bhikkhave, paṭipadā. Katamā catasso? Dukkhā paṭipadā dandhābhiññā, dukkhā paṭipadā khippābhiññā, sukhā paṭipadā dandhābhiññā, sukhā paṭipadā khippābhiññā.
「诸比库,有这四种道。哪四种?苦行道迟通智、苦行道速通智、乐行道迟通智、乐行道速通智。」
‘‘Tatra , bhikkhave, yāyaṃ paṭipadā dukkhā dandhābhiññā, ayaṃ, bhikkhave, paṭipadā ubhayeneva hīnā akkhāyati. Yampāyaṃ paṭipadā dukkhā, imināpāyaṃ hīnā akkhāyati; yampāyaṃ paṭipadā dandhā, imināpāyaṃ hīnā akkhāyati. Ayaṃ, bhikkhave, paṭipadā ubhayeneva hīnā akkhāyati.
「诸比库,于此,凡是苦行道迟通智,诸比库,这道以两方面被称为劣。因为这道是苦的,以此它被称为劣;因为这道是迟的,以此它被称为劣。诸比库,这道以两方面被称为劣。」
‘‘Tatra, bhikkhave, yāyaṃ paṭipadā dukkhā khippābhiññā, ayaṃ, bhikkhave, paṭipadā dukkhattā hīnā akkhāyati.
「诸比库,于此,凡是苦行道速通智,诸比库,这道因苦性被称为劣。」
‘‘Tatra , bhikkhave, yāyaṃ paṭipadā sukhā dandhābhiññā, ayaṃ, bhikkhave, paṭipadā dandhattā hīnā akkhāyati.
「诸比库,于此,凡是乐行道迟通智,诸比库,这道因迟性被称为劣。」
‘‘Tatra, bhikkhave, yāyaṃ paṭipadā sukhā khippābhiññā, ayaṃ, bhikkhave, paṭipadā ubhayeneva paṇītā akkhāyati. Yampāyaṃ paṭipadā sukhā, imināpāyaṃ paṇītā akkhāyati; yampāyaṃ paṭipadā khippā, imināpāyaṃ paṇītā akkhāyati. Ayaṃ, bhikkhave, paṭipadā ubhayeneva paṇītā akkhāyati. Imā kho, bhikkhave, catasso paṭipadā’’ti. Chaṭṭhaṃ.
「诸比库,于此,凡此道乐而速通智,诸比库,此道以两者被称为殊胜。因为此道是乐,以此它被称为殊胜;因为此道是速,以此它被称为殊胜。诸比库,此道以两者被称为殊胜。诸比库,这些是四道。」第六经。
7. Mahāmoggallānasuttaṃ7. 大摩嘎剌那经
§167
Atha kho āyasmā sāriputto yenāyasmā mahāmoggallāno tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā āyasmatā mahāmoggallānena saddhiṃ sammodi. Sammodanīyaṃ kathaṃ sāraṇīyaṃ vītisāretvā ekamantaṃ nisīdi . Ekamantaṃ nisinno kho āyasmā sāriputto āyasmantaṃ mahāmoggallānaṃ etadavoca –
那时,具寿沙利子去到具寿马哈摩嘎喇那那里;到了之后,与具寿马哈摩嘎喇那互相问候。交换了友好、值得忆念的话语后,在一旁坐下。在一旁坐下的具寿沙利子对具寿马哈摩嘎喇那这样说——
‘‘Catasso imā, āvuso moggallāna, paṭipadā. Katamā catasso? Dukkhā paṭipadā dandhābhiññā, dukkhā paṭipadā khippābhiññā, sukhā paṭipadā dandhābhiññā, sukhā paṭipadā khippābhiññā. Imā kho, āvuso, catasso paṭipadā . Imāsaṃ, āvuso, catunnaṃ paṭipadānaṃ katamaṃ te paṭipadaṃ āgamma anupādāya āsavehi cittaṃ vimutta’’nti?
「贤友摩嘎喇那,有这四道。哪四种?苦道迟通智、苦道速通智、乐道迟通智、乐道速通智。贤友,这些是四道。贤友,在这四道中,你依哪一道,无取而心从诸漏解脱?」
‘‘Catasso imā, āvuso sāriputta, paṭipadā. Katamā catasso? Dukkhā paṭipadā dandhābhiññā, dukkhā paṭipadā khippābhiññā, sukhā paṭipadā dandhābhiññā, sukhā paṭipadā khippābhiññā. Imā kho, āvuso, catasso paṭipadā . Imāsaṃ, āvuso, catunnaṃ paṭipadānaṃ yāyaṃ paṭipadā dukkhā khippābhiññā, imaṃ me paṭipadaṃ āgamma anupādāya āsavehi cittaṃ vimutta’’nti. Sattamaṃ.
「贤友沙利子,有这四道。哪四种?苦道迟通智、苦道速通智、乐道迟通智、乐道速通智。贤友,这些是四道。贤友,在这四道中,凡此道苦而速通智,我依此道,无取而心从诸漏解脱。」第七经。
8. Sāriputtasuttaṃ8. 沙利子经
§168
Atha kho āyasmā mahāmoggallāno yenāyasmā sāriputto tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā āyasmatā sāriputtena saddhiṃ sammodi. Sammodanīyaṃ kathaṃ sāraṇīyaṃ vītisāretvā ekamantaṃ nisīdi. Ekamantaṃ nisinno kho āyasmā mahāmoggallāno āyasmantaṃ sāriputtaṃ etadavoca –
那时,具寿马哈摩嘎喇那去到具寿沙利子那里;到了之后,与具寿沙利子互相问候。交换了友好、值得忆念的话语后,在一旁坐下。在一旁坐下的具寿马哈摩嘎喇那对具寿沙利子这样说——
‘‘Catasso imā, āvuso sāriputta, paṭipadā. Katamā catasso? Dukkhā paṭipadā dandhābhiññā, dukkhā paṭipadā khippābhiññā, sukhā paṭipadā dandhābhiññā, sukhā paṭipadā khippābhiññā. Imā kho, āvuso, catasso paṭipadā. Imāsaṃ, āvuso, catunnaṃ paṭipadānaṃ katamaṃ te paṭipadaṃ āgamma anupādāya āsavehi cittaṃ vimutta’’nti?
「贤友沙利子,有这四道。哪四种?苦道迟通智、苦道速通智、乐道迟通智、乐道速通智。贤友,这些是四道。贤友,在这四道中,你依哪一道,无取而心从诸漏解脱?」
‘‘Catasso imā, āvuso moggallāna, paṭipadā. Katamā catasso? Dukkhā paṭipadā dandhābhiññā, dukkhā paṭipadā khippābhiññā, sukhā paṭipadā dandhābhiññā, sukhā paṭipadā khippābhiññā. Imā kho, āvuso, catasso paṭipadā. Imāsaṃ, āvuso, catunnaṃ paṭipadānaṃ yāyaṃ paṭipadā sukhā khippābhiññā, imaṃ me paṭipadaṃ āgamma anupādāya āsavehi cittaṃ vimutta’’nti. Aṭṭhamaṃ.
「贤友摩嘎喇那,有这四道。哪四种?苦道迟通智、苦道速通智、乐道迟通智、乐道速通智。贤友,这些是四道。贤友,在这四道中,凡此道乐而速通智,我依此道,无取而心从诸漏解脱。」第八经。
9. Sasaṅkhārasuttaṃ9. 有行经
§169
‘‘Cattārome, bhikkhave, puggalā santo saṃvijjamānā lokasmiṃ. Katame cattāro? Idha, bhikkhave, ekacco puggalo diṭṭheva dhamme sasaṅkhāraparinibbāyī hoti. Idha pana, bhikkhave, ekacco puggalo kāyassa bhedā sasaṅkhāraparinibbāyī hoti. Idha pana, bhikkhave, ekacco puggalo diṭṭheva dhamme asaṅkhāraparinibbāyī hoti. Idha pana, bhikkhave, ekacco puggalo kāyassa bhedā asaṅkhāraparinibbāyī hoti.
「诸比库,有这四种补特伽罗存在、出现于世间。哪四种?诸比库,于此,某补特伽罗于现法有行般涅槃者。诸比库,于此,某补特伽罗于身坏时有行般涅槃者。诸比库,于此,某补特伽罗于现法无行般涅槃者。诸比库,于此,某补特伽罗于身坏时无行般涅槃者。
‘‘Kathañca, bhikkhave, puggalo diṭṭheva dhamme sasaṅkhāraparinibbāyī hoti? Idha, bhikkhave, bhikkhu asubhānupassī kāye viharati, āhāre paṭikūlasaññī, sabbaloke anabhiratisaññī, sabbasaṅkhāresu aniccānupassī. Maraṇasaññā kho panassa ajjhattaṃ sūpaṭṭhitā hoti. So imāni pañca sekhabalāni upanissāya viharati – saddhābalaṃ, hiribalaṃ, ottappabalaṃ, vīriyabalaṃ, paññābalaṃ . Tassimāni pañcindriyāni adhimattāni pātubhavanti – saddhindriyaṃ, vīriyindriyaṃ, satindriyaṃ, samādhindriyaṃ, paññindriyaṃ. So imesaṃ pañcannaṃ indriyānaṃ adhimattattā diṭṭheva dhamme sasaṅkhāraparinibbāyī hoti. Evaṃ kho, bhikkhave, puggalo diṭṭheva dhamme sasaṅkhāraparinibbāyī hoti.
「诸比库,什么样的补特伽罗于现法有行般涅槃呢?诸比库,在此,比库于身随观须跋而住,于食有厌逆想,于一切世间有不喜乐想,于一切诸行随观无常。死想在他内心善现起。他依止这五种有学力而住——信力、惭力、愧力、精进力、慧力。他的这五根显现为增上——信根、精进根、念根、定根、慧根。由于这五根的增上性,他于现法有行般涅槃。诸比库,这样的补特伽罗于现法有行般涅槃。」
‘‘Kathañca, bhikkhave, puggalo kāyassa bhedā sasaṅkhāraparinibbāyī hoti? Idha, bhikkhave, bhikkhu asubhānupassī kāye viharati, āhāre paṭikūlasaññī, sabbaloke anabhiratisaññī, sabbasaṅkhāresu aniccānupassī. Maraṇasaññā kho panassa ajjhattaṃ sūpaṭṭhitā hoti. So imāni pañca sekhabalāni upanissāya viharati – saddhābalaṃ, hiribalaṃ, ottappabalaṃ, vīriyabalaṃ, paññābalaṃ. Tassimāni pañcindriyāni mudūni pātubhavanti – saddhindriyaṃ, vīriyindriyaṃ, satindriyaṃ, samādhindriyaṃ, paññindriyaṃ. So imesaṃ pañcannaṃ indriyānaṃ muduttā kāyassa bhedā sasaṅkhāraparinibbāyī hoti. Evaṃ kho, bhikkhave, puggalo kāyassa bhedā sasaṅkhāraparinibbāyī hoti.
「诸比库,什么样的补特伽罗于身坏时有行般涅槃呢?诸比库,在此,比库于身随观须跋而住,于食有厌逆想,于一切世间有不喜乐想,于一切诸行随观无常。死想在他内心善现起。他依止这五种有学力而住——信力、惭力、愧力、精进力、慧力。他的这五根显现为软弱——信根、精进根、念根、定根、慧根。由于这五根的软弱性,他于身坏时有行般涅槃。诸比库,这样的补特伽罗于身坏时有行般涅槃。」
‘‘Kathañca, bhikkhave, puggalo diṭṭheva dhamme asaṅkhāraparinibbāyī hoti? Idha, bhikkhave, bhikkhu vivicceva kāmehi…pe… paṭhamaṃ jhānaṃ…pe… dutiyaṃ jhānaṃ…pe… tatiyaṃ jhānaṃ…pe… catutthaṃ jhānaṃ upasampajja viharati. So imāni pañca sekhabalāni upanissāya viharati – saddhābalaṃ…pe… paññābalaṃ. Tassimāni pañcindriyāni adhimattāni pātubhavanti – saddhindriyaṃ…pe… paññindriyaṃ. So imesaṃ pañcannaṃ indriyānaṃ adhimattattā diṭṭheva dhamme asaṅkhāraparinibbāyī hoti. Evaṃ kho, bhikkhave, puggalo diṭṭheva dhamme asaṅkhāraparinibbāyī hoti.
「诸比库,什么样的补特伽罗于现法无行般涅槃呢?诸比库,在此,比库离诸欲……(中略)……证得初禅那……(中略)……第二禅那……(中略)……第三禅那……(中略)……第四禅那而住。他依止这五种有学力而住——信力……(中略)……慧力。他的这五根显现为增上——信根……(中略)……慧根。由于这五根的增上性,他于现法无行般涅槃。诸比库,这样的补特伽罗于现法无行般涅槃。」
‘‘Kathañca, bhikkhave, puggalo kāyassa bhedā asaṅkhāraparinibbāyī hoti? Idha, bhikkhave , bhikkhu vivicceva kāmehi…pe… paṭhamaṃ jhānaṃ…pe… dutiyaṃ jhānaṃ…pe… tatiyaṃ jhānaṃ…pe… catutthaṃ jhānaṃ upasampajja viharati. So imāni pañca sekhabalāni upanissāya viharati – saddhābalaṃ, hiribalaṃ, ottappabalaṃ, vīriyabalaṃ, paññābalaṃ. Tassimāni pañcindriyāni…pe… paññindriyaṃ. So imesaṃ pañcannaṃ indriyānaṃ muduttā kāyassa bhedā asaṅkhāraparinibbāyī hoti. Evaṃ kho, bhikkhave, puggalo kāyassa bhedā asaṅkhāraparinibbāyī hoti. Ime kho, bhikkhave, cattāro puggalā santo saṃvijjamānā lokasmi’’nti. Navamaṃ.
「诸比库,什么样的补特伽罗于身坏时无行般涅槃呢?诸比库,在此,比库离诸欲……(中略)……证得初禅那……(中略)……第二禅那……(中略)……第三禅那……(中略)……第四禅那而住。他依止这五种有学力而住——信力、惭力、愧力、精进力、慧力。他的这五根……(中略)……慧根。由于这五根的软弱性,他于身坏时无行般涅槃。诸比库,这样的补特伽罗于身坏时无行般涅槃。诸比库,这四种补特伽罗存在、出现于世间。」第九经。
10. Yuganaddhasuttaṃ10. 双连经
§170
Evaṃ me sutaṃ – ekaṃ samayaṃ āyasmā ānando kosambiyaṃ viharati ghositārāme. Tatra kho āyasmā ānando bhikkhū āmantesi – ‘‘āvuso bhikkhave’’ti. ‘‘Āvuso’’ti kho te bhikkhū āyasmato ānandassa paccassosuṃ. Āyasmā ānando etadavoca –
如是我闻——一时,具寿阿难住在国桑比城瞿师多园。在那里,具寿阿难称呼诸比库:「贤友诸比库。」那些比库回答具寿阿难:「贤友。」具寿阿难说此:——
‘‘Yo hi koci, āvuso, bhikkhu vā bhikkhunī vā mama santike arahattappattiṃ byākaroti, sabbo so catūhi maggehi, etesaṃ vā aññatarena.
「贤友,任何比库或比库尼在我面前记说证得阿拉汉果,一切都是以四道,或者以这些之中的某一个。
‘‘Katamehi catūhi? Idha, āvuso, bhikkhu samathapubbaṅgamaṃ vipassanaṃ bhāveti. Tassa samathapubbaṅgamaṃ vipassanaṃ bhāvayato maggo sañjāyati. So taṃ maggaṃ āsevati bhāveti bahulīkaroti. Tassa taṃ maggaṃ āsevato bhāvayato bahulīkaroto saṃyojanāni pahīyanti, anusayā byantīhonti.
「哪四种呢?贤友,在此,比库修习以止为先导的观。当他修习以止为先导的观时,道生起。他亲近、修习、多作那道。当他亲近、修习、多作那道时,诸结被舍断,诸随眠被根除。
‘‘Puna caparaṃ, āvuso, bhikkhu vipassanāpubbaṅgamaṃ samathaṃ bhāveti. Tassa vipassanāpubbaṅgamaṃ samathaṃ bhāvayato maggo sañjāyati. So taṃ maggaṃ āsevati bhāveti bahulīkaroti . Tassa taṃ maggaṃ āsevato bhāvayato bahulīkaroto saṃyojanāni pahīyanti, anusayā byantīhonti.
「再者,贤友,比库修习以观为先导的止。当他修习以观为先导的止时,道生起。他亲近、修习、多作那道。当他亲近、修习、多作那道时,诸结被舍断,诸随眠被根除。
‘‘Puna caparaṃ, āvuso, bhikkhu samathavipassanaṃ yuganaddhaṃ bhāveti. Tassa samathavipassanaṃ yuganaddhaṃ bhāvayato maggo sañjāyati. So taṃ maggaṃ āsevati bhāveti bahulīkaroti. Tassa taṃ maggaṃ āsevato bhāvayato bahulīkaroto saṃyojanāni pahīyanti, anusayā byantīhonti.
「复次,贤友,比库修习止观双运。当他修习止观双运时,道生起。他亲近、修习、多作那道。当他亲近、修习、多作那道时,诸结被舍断,诸随眠被根除。
‘‘Puna caparaṃ, āvuso, bhikkhuno dhammuddhaccaviggahitaṃ mānasaṃ hoti. Hoti so, āvuso, samayo yaṃ taṃ cittaṃ ajjhattameva santiṭṭhati sannisīdati ekodi hoti samādhiyati. Tassa maggo sañjāyati. So taṃ maggaṃ āsevati bhāveti bahulīkaroti. Tassa taṃ maggaṃ āsevato bhāvayato bahulīkaroto saṃyojanāni pahīyanti, anusayā byantīhonti.
「复次,贤友,比库的心被法的掉举所占据。贤友,有时那心于内只是平静、安定、成为一境、得定。他的道生起。他亲近、修习、多作那道。当他亲近、修习、多作那道时,诸结被舍断,诸随眠被根除。
‘‘Yo hi koci, āvuso, bhikkhu vā bhikkhunī vā mama santike arahattappattiṃ byākaroti, sabbo so imehi catūhi maggehi, etesaṃ vā aññatarenā’’ti. Dasamaṃ.
「贤友,凡任何比库或比库尼在我面前记说证得阿拉汉,一切都是以这四道,或其中之一。」第十经。
Paṭipadāvaggo dutiyo. · 道品第二
Tassuddānaṃ –
其摄颂——
Saṃkhittaṃ vitthārāsubhaṃ, dve khamā ubhayena ca;
「总说与广说、须跋,二种堪忍与二者俱;
Moggallāno sāriputto, sasaṅkhāraṃ yuganaddhena cāti.
「摩嘎喇那、沙利子,有行与双运。」