(9) 4. Samaṇavaggo(9) 4. 沙门品

60 段 · CSCD 巴利原典

1. Samaṇasuttaṃ1. 沙门经

§82

‘‘Tīṇimāni , bhikkhave, samaṇassa samaṇiyāni samaṇakaraṇīyāni. Katamāni tīṇi? Adhisīlasikkhāsamādānaṃ, adhicittasikkhāsamādānaṃ, adhipaññāsikkhāsamādānaṃ – imāni kho, bhikkhave, tīṇi samaṇassa samaṇiyāni samaṇakaraṇīyāni.

「诸比库!这三种是沙门的沙门性、沙门应作之事。哪三种?增上戒学的受持、增上心学的受持、增上慧学的受持——诸比库!这三种是沙门的沙门性、沙门应作之事。

‘‘Tasmātiha, bhikkhave, evaṃ sikkhitabbaṃ – ‘tibbo no chando bhavissati adhisīlasikkhāsamādāne, tibbo no chando bhavissati adhicittasikkhāsamādāne, tibbo no chando bhavissati adhipaññāsikkhāsamādāne’ti. Evañhi vo, bhikkhave, sikkhitabba’’nti. Paṭhamaṃ.

「诸比库!因此,在此应当这样学:『我们对增上戒学的受持将有强烈的欲,我们对增上心学的受持将有强烈的欲,我们对增上慧学的受持将有强烈的欲。』诸比库!你们确实应当这样学。」第一经。

2. Gadrabhasuttaṃ2. 驴经

§83

‘‘Seyyathāpi, bhikkhave, gadrabho gogaṇaṃ piṭṭhito piṭṭhito anubandho hoti – ‘ahampi dammo, ahampi dammo’ti . Tassa na tādiso vaṇṇo hoti seyyathāpi gunnaṃ, na tādiso saro hoti seyyathāpi gunnaṃ, na tādisaṃ padaṃ hoti seyyathāpi gunnaṃ. So gogaṇaṃyeva piṭṭhito piṭṭhito anubandho hoti – ‘ahampi dammo, ahampi dammo’’’ti.

「诸比库!譬如驴子跟随在牛群后面又后面,『我也是牛,我也是牛。』它没有像牛那样的颜色,没有像牛那样的声音,没有像牛那样的足迹。它只是跟随在牛群后面又后面,『我也是牛,我也是牛。』

‘‘Evamevaṃ kho, bhikkhave, idhekacco bhikkhu bhikkhusaṅghaṃ piṭṭhito piṭṭhito anubandho hoti – ‘ahampi bhikkhu, ahampi bhikkhū’ti. Tassa na tādiso chando hoti adhisīlasikkhāsamādāne seyyathāpi aññesaṃ bhikkhūnaṃ, na tādiso chando hoti adhicittasikkhāsamādāne seyyathāpi aññesaṃ bhikkhūnaṃ, na tādiso chando hoti adhipaññāsikkhāsamādāne seyyathāpi aññesaṃ bhikkhūnaṃ. So bhikkhusaṅghaṃyeva piṭṭhito piṭṭhito anubandho hoti – ‘ahampi bhikkhu, ahampi bhikkhū’’’ti.

「诸比库!同样地,在此,某位比库跟随在比库僧团后面又后面,『我也是比库,我也是比库。』他对增上戒学的受持没有像其他比库那样的欲,他对增上心学的受持没有像其他比库那样的欲,他对增上慧学的受持没有像其他比库那样的欲。他只是跟随在比库僧团后面又后面,『我也是比库,我也是比库。』

‘‘Tasmātiha , bhikkhave, evaṃ sikkhitabbaṃ – ‘tibbo no chando bhavissati adhisīlasikkhāsamādāne, tibbo no chando bhavissati adhicittasikkhāsamādāne, tibbo no chando bhavissati adhipaññāsikkhāsamādāne’ti. Evañhi vo, bhikkhave, sikkhitabba’’nti. Dutiyaṃ.

「诸比库!因此,在此应当这样学:『我们对增上戒学的受持将有强烈的欲,我们对增上心学的受持将有强烈的欲,我们对增上慧学的受持将有强烈的欲。』诸比库!你们确实应当这样学。」第二经。

3. Khettasuttaṃ3. 田经

§84

‘‘Tīṇimāni, bhikkhave, kassakassa gahapatissa pubbe karaṇīyāni. Katamāni tīṇi? Idha, bhikkhave, kassako gahapati paṭikacceva khettaṃ sukaṭṭhaṃ karoti sumatikataṃ . Paṭikacceva khettaṃ sukaṭṭhaṃ karitvā sumatikataṃ kālena bījāni patiṭṭhāpeti. Kālena bījāni patiṭṭhāpetvā samayena udakaṃ abhinetipi apanetipi. Imāni kho, bhikkhave, tīṇi kassakassa gahapatissa pubbe karaṇīyāni.

「诸比库!这三种是农夫家主先前应作之事。哪三种?诸比库!在此,农夫家主预先把田地耕得很好、整治得很好。预先把田地耕得很好、整治得很好后,适时播下种子。适时播下种子后,适时引水、排水。诸比库!这三种是农夫家主先前应作之事。

‘‘Evamevaṃ kho, bhikkhave, tīṇimāni bhikkhussa pubbe karaṇīyāni. Katamāni tīṇi? Adhisīlasikkhāsamādānaṃ, adhicittasikkhāsamādānaṃ, adhipaññāsikkhāsamādānaṃ – imāni kho, bhikkhave, tīṇi bhikkhussa pubbe karaṇīyāni.

「诸比库!同样地,这三种是比库先前应作之事。哪三种?增上戒学的受持、增上心学的受持、增上慧学的受持——诸比库!这三种是比库先前应作之事。

「诸比库!因此,在此应当这样学:『我们对增上戒学的受持将有强烈的欲,我们对增上心学的受持将有强烈的欲,我们对增上慧学的受持将有强烈的欲。』诸比库!你们确实应当这样学。」第三经。

4. Vajjiputtasuttaṃ4. 瓦基子经

§85

Ekaṃ samayaṃ bhagavā vesāliyaṃ viharati mahāvane kūṭāgārasālāyaṃ. Atha kho aññataro vajjiputtako bhikkhu yena bhagavā tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā bhagavantaṃ abhivādetvā ekamantaṃ nisīdi. Ekamantaṃ nisinno kho so vajjiputtako bhikkhu bhagavantaṃ etadavoca – ‘‘sādhikamidaṃ, bhante, diyaḍḍhasikkhāpadasataṃ anvaddhamāsaṃ uddesaṃ āgacchati. Nāhaṃ , bhante, ettha sakkomi sikkhitu’’nti. ‘‘Sakkhissasi pana tvaṃ, bhikkhu, tīsu sikkhāsu sikkhituṃ – adhisīlasikkhāya, adhicittasikkhāya adhipaññāsikkhāyā’’ti? ‘‘Sakkomahaṃ, bhante, tīsu sikkhāsu sikkhituṃ – adhisīlasikkhāya, adhicittasikkhāya, adhipaññāsikkhāyā’’ti. ‘‘Tasmātiha tvaṃ, bhikkhu, tīsu sikkhāsu sikkhassu – adhisīlasikkhāya, adhicittasikkhāya, adhipaññāsikkhāya’’.

一时,世尊住在韦萨离大林重阁讲堂。时,有一位跋耆子比库前往世尊处;抵达后,礼敬世尊,坐于一旁。坐于一旁的那位跋耆子比库对世尊如此说道:「尊者,这超过二百五十学处每半月来诵。尊者,我不能在此学习。」「然而,比库,你能在三学中学习吗——增上戒学、增上心学、增上慧学?」「尊者,我能在三学中学习——增上戒学、增上心学、增上慧学。」「因此,比库,你应在此三学中学习——增上戒学、增上心学、增上慧学。」

‘‘Yato kho tvaṃ, bhikkhu, adhisīlampi sikkhissasi, adhicittampi sikkhissasi, adhipaññampi sikkhissasi, tassa tuyhaṃ bhikkhu adhisīlampi sikkhato adhicittampi sikkhato adhipaññampi sikkhato rāgo pahīyissati, doso pahīyissati, moho pahīyissati. So tvaṃ rāgassa pahānā dosassa pahānā mohassa pahānā yaṃ akusalaṃ na taṃ karissasi, yaṃ pāpaṃ na taṃ sevissasī’’ti.

「比库,当你学习增上戒、学习增上心、学习增上慧时,比库,你学习增上戒、学习增上心、学习增上慧,贪将被舍断,嗔将被舍断,痴将被舍断。你由于贪的舍断、嗔的舍断、痴的舍断,将不作不善,将不行诸恶。」

Atha kho so bhikkhu aparena samayena adhisīlampi sikkhi, adhicittampi sikkhi, adhipaññampi sikkhi. Tassa adhisīlampi sikkhato adhicittampi sikkhato adhipaññampi sikkhato rāgo pahīyi, doso pahīyi, moho pahīyi. So rāgassa pahānā dosassa pahānā mohassa pahānā yaṃ akusalaṃ taṃ nākāsi, yaṃ pāpaṃ taṃ na sevīti. Catutthaṃ.

时,那位比库于后时学习增上戒、学习增上心、学习增上慧。他学习增上戒、学习增上心、学习增上慧,贪被舍断,嗔被舍断,痴被舍断。他由于贪的舍断、嗔的舍断、痴的舍断,不作不善,不行诸恶。第四。

5. Sekkhasuttaṃ5. 有学经

§86

Atha kho aññataro bhikkhu yena bhagavā tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā bhagavantaṃ abhivādetvā ekamantaṃ nisīdi. Ekamantaṃ nisinno kho so bhikkhu bhagavantaṃ etadavoca –

时,有一位比库前往世尊处;抵达后,礼敬世尊,坐于一旁。坐于一旁的那位比库对世尊如此说道:

‘‘‘Sekho, sekho’ti, bhante, vuccati. Kittāvatā nu kho, bhante, sekho hotī’’ti? ‘‘Sikkhatīti kho, bhikkhu, tasmā sekhoti vuccati. Kiñca sikkhati? Adhisīlampi sikkhati, adhicittampi sikkhati, adhipaññampi sikkhati. Sikkhatīti kho, bhikkhu, tasmā sekhoti vuccatī’’ti.

「尊者,所谓『有学,有学』。尊者,到何种程度是有学呢?」「比库,因为学习,因此被称为有学。学习什么呢?学习增上戒、学习增上心、学习增上慧。比库,因为学习,因此被称为有学。」

‘‘Sekhassa sikkhamānassa, ujumaggānusārino;

「有学正在学习,随行正直之道;

Khayasmiṃ paṭhamaṃ ñāṇaṃ, tato aññā anantarā.

「于尽灭首先是智,其后紧接着是证智。

‘‘Tato aññāvimuttassa , ñāṇaṃ ve hoti tādino;

「其后证智解脱者,如是者确实有智;

Akuppā me vimuttīti, bhavasaṃyojanakkhaye’’ti. pañcamaṃ; ( )

「我的解脱不动摇」,在有结灭尽时。」第五经。

6. Paṭhamasikkhāsuttaṃ6. 学经第一

§87

‘‘Sādhikamidaṃ , bhikkhave, diyaḍḍhasikkhāpadasataṃ anvaddhamāsaṃ uddesaṃ āgacchati, yattha attakāmā kulaputtā sikkhanti. Tisso imā, bhikkhave, sikkhā yatthetaṃ sabbaṃ samodhānaṃ gacchati. Katamā tisso? Adhisīlasikkhā, adhicittasikkhā adhipaññāsikkhā – imā kho, bhikkhave, tisso sikkhā, yatthetaṃ sabbaṃ samodhānaṃ gacchati.

「诸比库!这超过二百五十学处,每半月来诵戒,在那里,欲求自利的善男子们学习。诸比库!有这三学,这一切都归摄于此。哪三种?增上戒学、增上心学、增上慧学——诸比库!这三学,这一切都归摄于此。

「诸比库!在此,比库在诸戒上是圆满行者,在定上是适度行者,在慧上是适度行者。他对那些微细的学处,有时违犯也有时还净。那是什么原因?诸比库!在此我不说是无能力。但对那些梵行之初、适合梵行的学处,在那里他是坚固戒者、住立戒者,受持学习诸学处。他以三结的灭尽,成为入流者,不堕恶趣法,决定趣向正觉。

‘‘Idha pana, bhikkhave, bhikkhu sīlesu paripūrakārī hoti samādhismiṃ mattaso kārī paññāya mattaso kārī. So yāni tāni khuddānukhuddakāni sikkhāpadāni tāni āpajjatipi vuṭṭhātipi. Taṃ kissa hetu? Na hi mettha, bhikkhave, abhabbatā vuttā. Yāni ca kho tāni sikkhāpadāni ādibrahmacariyakāni brahmacariyasāruppāni tattha dhuvasīlo ca hoti ṭhitasīlo ca, samādāya sikkhati sikkhāpadesu. So tiṇṇaṃ saṃyojanānaṃ parikkhayā rāgadosamohānaṃ tanuttā sakadāgāmī hoti, sakideva imaṃ lokaṃ āgantvā dukkhassantaṃ karoti.

「诸比库!又在此,比库在诸戒上是圆满行者,在定上是适度行者,在慧上是适度行者。他对那些微细的学处,有时违犯也有时还净。那是什么原因?诸比库!在此我不说是无能力。但对那些梵行之初、适合梵行的学处,在那里他是坚固戒者、住立戒者,受持学习诸学处。他以三结的灭尽,以贪嗔痴的减弱,成为一来者,只来此世间一次,即作苦的终结。

「诸比库!又在此,比库在诸戒上是圆满行者,在定上是圆满行者,在慧上是适度行者。他对那些微细的学处,有时违犯也有时还净。那是什么原因?诸比库!在此我不说是无能力。但对那些梵行之初、适合梵行的学处,在那里他是坚固戒者、住立戒者,受持学习诸学处。他以五下分结的灭尽,成为化生者,在那里般涅槃,不从彼世间再来。

‘‘Idha pana, bhikkhave, bhikkhu sīlesu paripūrakārī hoti samādhismiṃ paripūrakārī paññāya paripūrakārī. So yāni tāni khuddānukhuddakāni sikkhāpadāni tāni āpajjatipi vuṭṭhātipi. Taṃ kissa hetu? Na hi mettha, bhikkhave, abhabbatā vuttā. Yāni ca kho tāni sikkhāpadāni ādibrahmacariyakāni brahmacariyasāruppāni tattha dhuvasīlo ca hoti ṭhitasīlo ca, samādāya sikkhati sikkhāpadesu. So āsavānaṃ khayā anāsavaṃ cetovimuttiṃ paññāvimuttiṃ diṭṭheva dhamme sayaṃ abhiññā sacchikatvā upasampajja viharati.

「诸比库!又在此,比库在诸戒上是圆满行者,在定上是圆满行者,在慧上是圆满行者。他对那些微细的学处,有时违犯也有时还净。那是什么原因?诸比库!在此我不说是无能力。但对那些梵行之初、适合梵行的学处,在那里他是坚固戒者、住立戒者,受持学习诸学处。他以诸漏的灭尽,于现法中,以自己的证智实现、证得无漏的心解脱、慧解脱后而住。

‘‘Iti kho, bhikkhave, padesaṃ padesakārī ārādheti paripūraṃ paripūrakārī. Avañjhāni tvevāhaṃ , bhikkhave, sikkhāpadāni vadāmī’’ti. Chaṭṭhaṃ.

「诸比库!如是,部分行者成就部分,圆满行者成就圆满。诸比库!我说诸学处确实不是徒然的。」第六经。

7. Dutiyasikkhāsuttaṃ7. 学经第二

§88

‘‘Sādhikamidaṃ, bhikkhave, diyaḍḍhasikkhāpadasataṃ anvaddhamāsaṃ uddesaṃ āgacchati yattha attakāmā kulaputtā sikkhanti. Tisso imā, bhikkhave, sikkhā yatthetaṃ sabbaṃ samodhānaṃ gacchati. Katamā tisso? Adhisīlasikkhā, adhicittasikkhā, adhipaññāsikkhā – imā kho, bhikkhave, tisso sikkhā yatthetaṃ sabbaṃ samodhānaṃ gacchati.

‘‘Idha, bhikkhave, bhikkhu sīlesu paripūrakārī hoti samādhismiṃ mattaso kārī paññāya mattaso kārī. So yāni tāni khuddānukhuddakāni sikkhāpadāni tāni āpajjatipi vuṭṭhātipi. Taṃ kissa hetu? Na hi mettha, bhikkhave, abhabbatā vuttā. Yāni ca kho tāni sikkhāpadāni ādibrahmacariyakāni brahmacariyasāruppāni tattha dhuvasīlo ca hoti ṭhitasīlo ca, samādāya sikkhati sikkhāpadesu. So tiṇṇaṃ saṃyojanānaṃ parikkhayā sattakkhattuparamo hoti . Sattakkhattuparamaṃ deve ca manusse ca sandhāvitvā saṃsaritvā dukkhassantaṃ karoti. So tiṇṇaṃ saṃyojanānaṃ parikkhayā kolaṃkolo hoti, dve vā tīṇi vā kulāni sandhāvitvā saṃsaritvā dukkhassantaṃ karoti. So tiṇṇaṃ saṃyojanānaṃ parikkhayā ekabījī hoti, ekaṃyeva mānusakaṃ bhavaṃ nibbattetvā dukkhassantaṃ karoti. So tiṇṇaṃ saṃyojanānaṃ parikkhayā rāgadosamohānaṃ tanuttā sakadāgāmī hoti, sakideva imaṃ lokaṃ āgantvā dukkhassantaṃ karoti.

「诸比库,这里,比库在诸戒上是圆满行者,在定上是适度行者,在慧上是适度行者。他对那些微细的学处,犯了又出罪。那是什么原因?诸比库,在此我并未说无能力。然而对那些梵行之初、适合梵行的学处,在那里他是坚固戒者、住立戒者,受持学习诸学处。他以三结的灭尽,成为七次往来者。最多七次往来于天与人之间流转轮回后,作苦的终结。他以三结的灭尽,成为家家者,流转轮回于二或三家族后,作苦的终结。他以三结的灭尽,成为一种子者,仅生起一次人的有后,作苦的终结。他以三结的灭尽,以贪嗔痴的减弱,成为一来者,仅一次来此世间后,作苦的终结。」

‘‘Idha pana, bhikkhave, bhikkhu sīlesu paripūrakārī hoti samādhismiṃ paripūrakārī paññāya mattaso kārī. So yāni tāni khuddānukhuddakāni sikkhāpadāni tāni āpajjatipi vuṭṭhātipi. Taṃ kissa hetu? Na hi mettha, bhikkhave, abhabbatā vuttā. Yāni ca kho tāni sikkhāpadāni ādibrahmacariyakāni brahmacariyasāruppāni tattha dhuvasīlo ca hoti ṭhitasīlo ca, samādāya sikkhati sikkhāpadesu. So pañcannaṃ orambhāgiyānaṃ saṃyojanānaṃ parikkhayā uddhaṃsoto akaniṭṭhagāmī. So pañcannaṃ orambhāgiyānaṃ saṃyojanānaṃ parikkhayā sasaṅkhāraparinibbāyī hoti. So pañcannaṃ orambhāgiyānaṃ saṃyojanānaṃ parikkhayā asaṅkhāraparinibbāyī hoti. So pañcannaṃ orambhāgiyānaṃ saṃyojanānaṃ parikkhayā upahaccaparinibbāyī hoti. So pañcannaṃ orambhāgiyānaṃ saṃyojanānaṃ parikkhayā antarāparinibbāyī hoti.

「然而,诸比库,这里,比库在诸戒上是圆满行者,在定上是圆满行者,在慧上是适度行者。他对那些微细的学处,犯了又出罪。那是什么原因?诸比库,在此我并未说无能力。然而对那些梵行之初、适合梵行的学处,在那里他是坚固戒者、住立戒者,受持学习诸学处。他以五下分结的灭尽,成为上流者,前往阿咖尼他天。他以五下分结的灭尽,成为有行般涅槃者。他以五下分结的灭尽,成为无行般涅槃者。他以五下分结的灭尽,成为损害般涅槃者。他以五下分结的灭尽,成为中间般涅槃者。」

‘‘Idha pana, bhikkhave, bhikkhu sīlesu paripūrakārī hoti samādhismiṃ paripūrakārī paññāya paripūrakārī. So yāni tāni dhuvasīlo ca hoti ṭhitasīlo ca, samādāya sikkhati sikkhāpadesu. So āsavānaṃ khayā anāsavaṃ cetovimuttiṃ paññāvimuttiṃ diṭṭheva dhamme sayaṃ abhiññā sacchikatvā upasampajja viharati.

「然而,诸比库,这里,比库在诸戒上是圆满行者,在定上是圆满行者,在慧上是圆满行者。他是坚固戒者、住立戒者,受持学习诸学处。他以诸漏的灭尽,于现法中以自己的证智作证、具足无漏的心解脱、慧解脱后而住。」

‘‘Iti kho, bhikkhave, padesaṃ padesakārī ārādheti, paripūraṃ paripūrakārī, avañjhāni tvevāhaṃ, bhikkhave, sikkhāpadāni vadāmī’’ti. Sattamaṃ.

「如此,诸比库,部分行者成就部分,圆满行者成就圆满。诸比库,我说诸学处确实不是无果的。」第七经。

8. Tatiyasikkhāsuttaṃ8. 学经第三

§89

‘‘Sādhikamidaṃ , bhikkhave, diyaḍḍhasikkhāpadasataṃ anvaddhamāsaṃ uddesaṃ āgacchati yattha attakāmā kulaputtā sikkhanti. Tisso imā, bhikkhave, sikkhā yatthetaṃ sabbaṃ samodhānaṃ gacchati. Katamā tisso? Adhisīlasikkhā, adhicittasikkhā, adhipaññāsikkhā – imā kho, bhikkhave, tisso sikkhā yatthetaṃ sabbaṃ samodhānaṃ gacchati.

「诸比库,这超过一百五十学处,每半月来诵戒,在那里,希求自利的善男子们学习。诸比库,有这三学,在那里这一切都归摄。哪三种?增上戒学、增上心学、增上慧学——诸比库,这三学,在那里这一切都归摄。」

‘‘Idha, bhikkhave, bhikkhu sīlesu paripūrakārī hoti samādhismiṃ paripūrakārī paññāya paripūrakārī. So yāni tāni khuddānukhuddakāni sikkhāpadāni tāni āpajjatipi vuṭṭhātipi. Taṃ kissa hetu? Na hi mettha, bhikkhave, abhabbatā vuttā. Yāni ca kho tāni sikkhāpadāni ādibrahmacariyakāni brahmacariyasāruppāni tattha dhuvasīlo ca hoti ṭhitasīlo ca, samādāya sikkhati sikkhāpadesu. So āsavānaṃ khayā anāsavaṃ cetovimuttiṃ paññāvimuttiṃ diṭṭheva dhamme sayaṃ abhiññā sacchikatvā upasampajja viharati. Taṃ vā pana anabhisambhavaṃ appaṭivijjhaṃ pañcannaṃ orambhāgiyānaṃ saṃyojanānaṃ parikkhayā antarāparinibbāyī hoti. Taṃ vā pana anabhisambhavaṃ appaṭivijjhaṃ pañcannaṃ orambhāgiyānaṃ saṃyojanānaṃ parikkhayā upahaccaparinibbāyī hoti. Taṃ vā pana anabhisambhavaṃ appaṭivijjhaṃ pañcannaṃ orambhāgiyānaṃ saṃyojanānaṃ parikkhayā asaṅkhāraparinibbāyī hoti. Taṃ vā pana anabhisambhavaṃ appaṭivijjhaṃ pañcannaṃ orambhāgiyānaṃ saṃyojanānaṃ parikkhayā sasaṅkhāraparinibbāyī hoti. Taṃ vā pana anabhisambhavaṃ appaṭivijjhaṃ pañcannaṃ orambhāgiyānaṃ saṃyojanānaṃ parikkhayā uddhaṃsoto hoti akaniṭṭhagāmī taṃ vā pana anabhisambhavaṃ appaṭivijjhaṃ tiṇṇaṃ saṃyojanānaṃ parikkhayā, rāgadosamohānaṃ tanuttā sakadāgāmī hoti, sakideva imaṃ lokaṃ āgantvā dukkhassantaṃ karoti. Taṃ vā pana anabhisambhavaṃ appaṭivijjhaṃ tiṇṇaṃ saṃyojanānaṃ parikkhayā ekabījī hoti, ekaṃyeva mānusakaṃ bhavaṃ nibbattetvā dukkhassantaṃ karoti. Taṃ vā pana anabhisambhavaṃ appaṭivijjhaṃ tiṇṇaṃ saṃyojanānaṃ parikkhayā kolaṃkolo hoti, dve vā tīṇi vā kulāni sandhāvitvā saṃsaritvā dukkhassantaṃ karoti. Taṃ vā pana anabhisambhavaṃ appaṭivijjhaṃ tiṇṇaṃ saṃyojanānaṃ parikkhayā sattakkhattuparamo hoti, sattakkhattuparamaṃ deve ca manusse ca sandhāvitvā saṃsaritvā dukkhassantaṃ karoti.

「诸比库,这里,比库在诸戒上是圆满行者,在定上是圆满行者,在慧上是圆满行者。他对那些微细的学处,犯了又出罪。那是什么原因?诸比库,在此我并未说无能力。然而对那些梵行之初、适合梵行的学处,在那里他是坚固戒者、住立戒者,受持学习诸学处。他以诸漏的灭尽,于现法中以自己的证智作证、具足无漏的心解脱、慧解脱后而住。或者若未现证、未通达那个,他以五下分结的灭尽,成为中间般涅槃者。或者若未现证、未通达那个,他以五下分结的灭尽,成为损害般涅槃者。或者若未现证、未通达那个,他以五下分结的灭尽,成为无行般涅槃者。或者若未现证、未通达那个,他以五下分结的灭尽,成为有行般涅槃者。或者若未现证、未通达那个,他以五下分结的灭尽,成为上流者,前往阿咖尼他天。或者若未现证、未通达那个,他以三结的灭尽,以贪嗔痴的减弱,成为一来者,仅一次来此世间后,作苦的终结。或者若未现证、未通达那个,他以三结的灭尽,成为一种子者,仅生起一次人的有后,作苦的终结。或者若未现证、未通达那个,他以三结的灭尽,成为家家者,流转轮回于二或三家族后,作苦的终结。或者若未现证、未通达那个,他以三结的灭尽,成为七次往来者,最多七次往来于天与人之间流转轮回后,作苦的终结。」

‘‘Iti kho, bhikkhave, paripūraṃ paripūrakārī ārādheti padesaṃ padesakārī. Avañjhānitvevāhaṃ , bhikkhave, sikkhāpadāni vadāmī’’ti. Aṭṭhamaṃ.

「如此,诸比库,圆满行者成就圆满,部分行者成就部分。诸比库,我说诸学处确实不是无果的。」第八经。

9. Paṭhamasikkhattayasuttaṃ9. 三学经第一

§90

‘‘Tisso imā, bhikkhave, sikkhā. Katamā tisso? Adhisīlasikkhā, adhicittasikkhā, adhipaññāsikkhā.

「诸比库,有这三学。哪三种?增上戒学、增上心学、增上慧学。」

‘‘Katamā ca, bhikkhave, adhisīlasikkhā? Idha, bhikkhave, bhikkhu sīlavā hoti…pe… samādāya sikkhati sikkhāpadesu. Ayaṃ vuccati, bhikkhave, adhisīlasikkhā.

「诸比库,什么是增上戒学?诸比库,在此,比库具戒……(中略)……受持学习于诸学处。诸比库,这称为增上戒学。

‘‘Katamā ca, bhikkhave, adhicittasikkhā? Idha, bhikkhave, bhikkhu vivicceva kāmehi…pe… catutthaṃ jhānaṃ upasampajja viharati. Ayaṃ vuccati, bhikkhave, adhicittasikkhā.

「诸比库,什么是增上心学?诸比库,在此,比库离诸欲……(中略)……具足住于第四禅那。诸比库,这称为增上心学。

‘‘Katamā ca, bhikkhave, adhipaññāsikkhā? Idha, bhikkhave, bhikkhu ‘idaṃ dukkha’nti yathābhūtaṃ pajānāti…pe… ‘ayaṃ dukkhanirodhagāminī paṭipadā’ti yathābhūtaṃ pajānāti. Ayaṃ vuccati, bhikkhave, adhipaññāsikkhā. Imā kho, bhikkhave, tisso sikkhā’’ti. Navamaṃ.

「诸比库,什么是增上慧学?诸比库,在此,比库如实了知『这是苦』……(中略)……如实了知『这是导至苦灭之道』。诸比库,这称为增上慧学。诸比库,这些是三学。」第九经。

10. Dutiyasikkhattayasuttaṃ10. 三学经第二

§91

‘‘Tisso imā, bhikkhave, sikkhā. Katamā tisso? Adhisīlasikkhā, adhicittasikkhā, adhipaññāsikkhā.

「诸比库,有这三学。哪三种?增上戒学、增上心学、增上慧学。

‘‘Katamā ca, bhikkhave, adhisīlasikkhā? Idha, bhikkhave, bhikkhu sīlavā hoti…pe… samādāya sikkhati sikkhāpadesu. Ayaṃ vuccati, bhikkhave, adhisīlasikkhā.

「诸比库,什么是增上戒学?诸比库,在此,比库具戒……(中略)……受持学习于诸学处。诸比库,这称为增上戒学。

‘‘Katamā ca, bhikkhave, adhicittasikkhā? Idha, bhikkhave, bhikkhu vivicceva kāmehi…pe… catutthaṃ jhānaṃ upasampajja viharati. Ayaṃ vuccati, bhikkhave, adhicittasikkhā.

「诸比库,什么是增上心学?诸比库,在此,比库离诸欲……(中略)……具足住于第四禅那。诸比库,这称为增上心学。

‘‘Katamā ca, bhikkhave, adhipaññāsikkhā? Idha, bhikkhave, bhikkhu āsavānaṃ khayā anāsavaṃ cetovimuttiṃ paññāvimuttiṃ diṭṭheva dhamme sayaṃ abhiññā sacchikatvā upasampajja viharati. Ayaṃ vuccati, bhikkhave, adhipaññā sikkhā. Imā kho, bhikkhave, tisso sikkhā’’ti.

「诸比库,什么是增上慧学?诸比库,在此,比库以诸漏尽,于现法中,以自己之证智作证,具足住于无漏之心解脱、慧解脱。诸比库,这称为增上慧学。诸比库,这些是三学。」

‘‘Adhisīlaṃ adhicittaṃ, adhipaññañca vīriyavā;

「增上戒、增上心、增上慧与精进者;

Thāmavā dhitimā jhāyī, sato guttindriyo care.

具力、具坚固、禅修者,具念、守护诸根而行。

‘‘Yathā pure tathā pacchā, yathā pacchā tathā pure;

如前则后,如后则前;

Yathā adho tathā uddhaṃ, yathā uddhaṃ tathā adho.

如下则上,如上则下。

‘‘Yathā divā tathā rattiṃ, yathā rattiṃ tathā divā;

如昼则夜,如夜则昼;

Abhibhuyya disā sabbā, appamāṇasamādhinā.

以无量定,征服一切方。

‘‘Tamāhu sekhaṃ paṭipadaṃ , atho saṃsuddhacāriyaṃ ;

他们称此为有学道,以及清净行;

Tamāhu loke sambuddhaṃ, dhīraṃ paṭipadantaguṃ.

他们称此为世间的正自觉者,贤者、道行终结者。

‘‘Viññāṇassa nirodhena, taṇhākkhayavimuttino;

以识的灭尽,以渴爱尽而解脱;

Pajjotasseva nibbānaṃ, vimokkho hoti cetaso’’ti. dasamaṃ;

如灯之熄灭,心解脱即是。」第十经

11. Saṅkavāsuttaṃ11. 桑咖瓦经

§92

Ekaṃ samayaṃ bhagavā kosalesu cārikaṃ caramāno mahatā bhikkhusaṅghena saddhiṃ yena saṅkavā nāma kosalānaṃ nigamo tadavasari. Tatra sudaṃ bhagavā saṅkavāyaṃ viharati. Tena kho pana samayena kassapagotto nāma bhikkhu saṅkavāyaṃ āvāsiko hoti. Tatra sudaṃ bhagavā sikkhāpadapaṭisaṃyuttāya dhammiyā kathāya bhikkhū sandasseti samādapeti samuttejeti sampahaṃseti. Atha kho kassapagottassa bhikkhuno bhagavati sikkhāpadapaṭisaṃyuttāya dhammiyā kathāya bhikkhū sandassente samādapente samuttejente sampahaṃsente ahudeva akkhanti ahu appaccayo – ‘‘adhisallikhatevāyaṃ samaṇo’’ti. Atha kho bhagavā saṅkavāyaṃ yathābhirantaṃ viharitvā yena rājagahaṃ tena cārikaṃ pakkāmi. Anupubbena cārikaṃ caramāno yena rājagahaṃ tadavasari. Tatra sudaṃ bhagavā rājagahe viharati.

一时,世尊与大比库僧团一起在国萨拉国游行,抵达名为桑咖瓦的国萨拉国城镇。于此,世尊住在桑咖瓦。尔时,名为咖沙巴果答的比库是桑咖瓦的住处比库。于此,世尊以与学处相应的如法之语教诫、劝导、鼓励、使诸比库欢喜。尔时,当世尊以与学处相应的如法之语教诫、劝导、鼓励、使诸比库欢喜时,咖沙巴果答比库生起不忍与不满——「这位沙门实在太过于详细了」。尔时,世尊在桑咖瓦随意住已,向王舍城游行出发。渐次游行,抵达王舍城。于此,世尊住在王舍城。

Atha kho kassapagottassa bhikkhuno acirapakkantassa bhagavato ahudeva kukkuccaṃ ahu vippaṭisāro – ‘‘alābhā vata me, na vata me lābhā ; dulladdhaṃ vata me, na vata me suladdhaṃ; yassa me bhagavati sikkhāpadapaṭisaṃyuttāya dhammiyā kathāya bhikkhū sandassente samādapente samuttejente sampahaṃsente ahudeva akkhanti ahu appaccayo – ‘adhisallikhatevāyaṃ samaṇo’ti. Yaṃnūnāhaṃ yena bhagavā tenupasaṅkameyyaṃ; upasaṅkamitvā bhagavato santike accayaṃ accayato deseyya’’nti. Atha kho kassapagotto bhikkhu senāsanaṃ saṃsāmetvā pattacīvaramādāya yena rājagahaṃ tena pakkāmi. Anupubbena yena rājagahaṃ yena gijjhakūṭo pabbato yena bhagavā tenupasaṅkami ; upasaṅkamitvā bhagavantaṃ abhivādetvā ekamantaṃ nisīdi. Ekamantaṃ nisinno kho kassapagotto bhikkhu bhagavantaṃ etadavoca –

尔时,世尊离去不久,咖沙巴果答比库生起追悔与后悔——「我实无所得,我实无善得;我实难得,我实非善得;当世尊以与学处相应的如法之语教诫、劝导、鼓励、使诸比库欢喜时,我生起不忍与不满——『这位沙门实在太过于详细了』。我何不前往世尊处;前往后,在世尊面前告白罪过为罪过」。尔时,咖沙巴果答比库收拾住处,取钵与衣,向王舍城出发。渐次地,抵达王舍城,抵达灵鹫山,前往世尊处;前往后,礼敬世尊,坐于一旁。坐于一旁的咖沙巴果答比库对世尊如此说——

‘‘Ekamidaṃ, bhante, samayaṃ bhagavā saṅkavāyaṃ viharati, saṅkavā nāma kosalānaṃ nigamo. Tatra, bhante, bhagavā sikkhāpadapaṭisaṃyuttāya dhammiyā kathāya bhikkhū sandassesi samādapesi samuttejesi sampahaṃsesi. Tassa mayhaṃ bhagavati sikkhāpadapaṭisaṃyuttāya dhammiyā kathāya bhikkhū sandassente samādapente samuttejente sampahaṃsente ahudeva akkhanti ahu appaccayo – ‘adhisallikhatevāyaṃ samaṇo’ti. Atha kho bhagavā saṅkavāyaṃ yathābhirantaṃ viharitvā yena rājagahaṃ tena cārikaṃ pakkāmi. ( ) Tassa mayhaṃ, bhante, acirapakkantassa bhagavato ahudeva kukkuccaṃ ahu vippaṭisāro – alābhā vata me, na vata me lābhā; dulladdhaṃ vata me, na vata me suladdhaṃ; yassa me bhagavati sikkhāpadapaṭisaṃyuttāya dhammiyā kathāya bhikkhū sandassente samādapente samuttejente sampahaṃsente ahudeva akkhanti ahu appaccayo – ‘adhisallikhatevāyaṃ samaṇo’ti. Yaṃnūnāhaṃ yena bhagavā tenupasaṅkameyyaṃ; upasaṅkamitvā bhagavato santike accayaṃ accayato deseyyanti. Accayo maṃ, bhante , accagamā yathābālaṃ yathāmūḷhaṃ yathāakusalaṃ yassa me bhagavati sikkhāpadapaṭisaṃyuttāya dhammiyā kathāya bhikkhū sandassente samādapente samuttejente sampahaṃsente ahudeva akkhanti ahu appaccayo – ‘adhisallikhatevāyaṃ samaṇo’ti. Tassa me, bhante, bhagavā accayaṃ accayato paṭiggaṇhātu, āyatiṃ saṃvarāyā’’ti.

「尊者,一时,世尊住在桑咖瓦,桑咖瓦是国萨拉国的城镇。尊者,于此,世尊以与学处相应的如法之语教诫、劝导、鼓励、使诸比库欢喜。当世尊以与学处相应的如法之语教诫、劝导、鼓励、使诸比库欢喜时,我生起不忍与不满——『这位沙门实在太过于详细了』。尔时,世尊在桑咖瓦随意住已,向王舍城游行出发。尊者,世尊离去不久,我生起追悔与后悔——我实无所得,我实无善得;我实难得,我实非善得;当世尊以与学处相应的如法之语教诫、劝导、鼓励、使诸比库欢喜时,我生起不忍与不满——『这位沙门实在太过于详细了』。我何不前往世尊处;前往后,在世尊面前告白罪过为罪过。尊者,罪过征服了我,如愚者、如痴者、如不善巧者,当世尊以与学处相应的如法之语教诫、劝导、鼓励、使诸比库欢喜时,我生起不忍与不满——『这位沙门实在太过于详细了』。尊者,愿世尊接受我的罪过为罪过,为了未来的防护」。

‘‘Taggha taṃ , kassapa, accayo accagamā yathābālaṃ yathāmūḷhaṃ yathāakusalaṃ, yassa te mayi sikkhāpadapaṭisaṃyuttāya dhammiyā kathāya bhikkhū sandassente samādapente samuttejente sampahaṃsente ahudeva akkhanti ahu appaccayo – ‘adhisallikhatevāyaṃ samaṇo’ti. Yato ca kho tvaṃ, kassapa, accayaṃ accayato disvā yathādhammaṃ paṭikarosi, taṃ te mayaṃ paṭiggaṇhāma. Vuddhihesā, kassapa, ariyassa vinaye yo accayaṃ accayato disvā yathādhammaṃ paṭikaroti, āyatiṃ saṃvaraṃ āpajjati.

「咖沙巴,确实,罪过征服了你,如愚者、如痴者、如不善巧者,当我以与学处相应的如法之语教诫、劝导、鼓励、使诸比库欢喜时,你生起不忍与不满——『这位沙门实在太过于详细了』。咖沙巴,然而,因为你见罪过为罪过后如法忏悔,我们接受你。咖沙巴,这在圣者之律中是增长,凡见罪过为罪过后如法忏悔者,于未来达到防护。

‘‘Thero cepi , kassapa, bhikkhu hoti na sikkhākāmo na sikkhāsamādānassa vaṇṇavādī, ye caññe bhikkhū na sikkhākāmā te ca na sikkhāya samādapeti, ye caññe bhikkhū sikkhākāmā tesañca na vaṇṇaṃ bhaṇati bhūtaṃ tacchaṃ kālena, evarūpassāhaṃ, kassapa, therassa bhikkhuno na vaṇṇaṃ bhaṇāmi. Taṃ kissa hetu? Satthā hissa vaṇṇaṃ bhaṇatīti aññe naṃ bhikkhū bhajeyyuṃ, ye naṃ bhajeyyuṃ tyāssa diṭṭhānugatiṃ āpajjeyyuṃ, yyāssa diṭṭhānugatiṃ āpajjeyyuṃ tesaṃ taṃ assa dīgharattaṃ ahitāya dukkhāyāti. Tasmāhaṃ, kassapa, evarūpassa therassa bhikkhuno na vaṇṇaṃ bhaṇāmi.

「咖沙巴,若长老比库不乐学、不赞叹受持学处,对其他不乐学的比库不劝导于学,对其他乐学的比库不如实、真实、适时地称赞,咖沙巴,我不称赞这样的长老比库。那是什么原因?『导师称赞他』,其他比库会亲近他,凡亲近他者会随顺其见,凡随顺其见者,这对他们会长久导致无益与苦。因此,咖沙巴,我不称赞这样的长老比库。

‘‘Majjhimo cepi, kassapa, bhikkhu hoti…pe… navo cepi, kassapa, bhikkhu hoti na sikkhākāmo na sikkhāsamādānassa vaṇṇavādī, ye caññe bhikkhū na sikkhākāmā te ca na sikkhāya samādapeti, ye caññe bhikkhū sikkhākāmā tesañca na vaṇṇaṃ bhaṇati bhūtaṃ tacchaṃ kālena, evarūpassāhaṃ, kassapa, navassa bhikkhuno na vaṇṇaṃ bhaṇāmi. Taṃ kissa hetu? Satthā hissa vaṇṇaṃ bhaṇatīti aññe naṃ bhikkhū bhajeyyuṃ, ye naṃ bhajeyyuṃ tyāssa diṭṭhānugatiṃ āpajjeyyuṃ, yyāssa diṭṭhānugatiṃ āpajjeyyuṃ tesaṃ taṃ assa dīgharattaṃ ahitāya dukkhāyāti. Tasmāhaṃ, kassapa, evarūpassa navassa bhikkhuno na vaṇṇaṃ bhaṇāmi.

「咖沙巴,若中年比库……乃至……咖沙巴,若新比库不乐学、不赞叹受持学处,对其他不乐学的比库不劝导于学,对其他乐学的比库不如实、真实、适时地称赞,咖沙巴,我不称赞这样的新比库。那是什么原因?『导师称赞他』,其他比库会亲近他,凡亲近他者会随顺其见,凡随顺其见者,这对他们会长久导致无益与苦。因此,咖沙巴,我不称赞这样的新比库。

‘‘Thero cepi, kassapa, bhikkhu hoti sikkhākāmo sikkhāsamādānassa vaṇṇavādī, ye caññe bhikkhū na sikkhākāmā te ca sikkhāya samādapeti, ye caññe bhikkhū sikkhākāmā tesañca vaṇṇaṃ bhaṇati bhūtaṃ tacchaṃ kālena, evarūpassāhaṃ, kassapa, therassa bhikkhuno vaṇṇaṃ bhaṇāmi. Taṃ kissa hetu? Satthā hissa vaṇṇaṃ bhaṇatīti aññe naṃ bhikkhū bhajeyyuṃ, ye naṃ bhajeyyuṃ tyāssa diṭṭhānugatiṃ āpajjeyyuṃ, yyāssa diṭṭhānugatiṃ āpajjeyyuṃ tesaṃ taṃ assa dīgharattaṃ hitāya sukhāyāti. Tasmāhaṃ, kassapa, evarūpassa therassa bhikkhuno vaṇṇaṃ bhaṇāmi.

「咖沙巴,若长老比库乐学、赞叹受持学处,对其他不乐学的比库劝导于学,对其他乐学的比库如实、真实、适时地称赞,咖沙巴,我称赞这样的长老比库。那是什么原因?『导师称赞他』,其他比库会亲近他,凡亲近他者会随顺其见,凡随顺其见者,这对他们会长久导致利益与安乐。因此,咖沙巴,我称赞这样的长老比库。

‘‘Majjhimo cepi, kassapa, bhikkhu hoti sikkhākāmo…pe… navo cepi, kassapa, bhikkhu hoti sikkhākāmo sikkhāsamādānassa vaṇṇavādī, ye caññe bhikkhū na sikkhākāmā te ca sikkhāya samādapeti, ye caññe bhikkhū sikkhākāmā tesañca vaṇṇaṃ bhaṇati bhūtaṃ tacchaṃ kālena, evarūpassāhaṃ, kassapa, navassa bhikkhuno vaṇṇaṃ bhaṇāmi. Taṃ kissa hetu? Satthā hissa vaṇṇaṃ bhaṇatīti aññe naṃ bhikkhū bhajeyyuṃ, ye naṃ bhajeyyuṃ tyāssa diṭṭhānugatiṃ āpajjeyyuṃ, yyāssa diṭṭhānugatiṃ āpajjeyyuṃ tesaṃ taṃ assa dīgharattaṃ hitāya sukhāyāti. Tasmāhaṃ, kassapa, evarūpassa navassa bhikkhuno vaṇṇaṃ bhaṇāmī’’ti. Ekādasamaṃ.

「咖沙巴,即使是中等的比库,若乐于学……乃至……咖沙巴,即使是新的比库,若乐于学,赞叹受持学,对其他不乐于学的比库,他劝导他们于学,对其他乐于学的比库,他如实、真实、适时地赞叹他们,咖沙巴,我赞叹这样的新比库。那是什么原因?因为『导师赞叹他』,其他比库会亲近他,那些亲近他的人会随顺他的见,那些随顺他的见的人,那对他们会是长久的利益与安乐。因此,咖沙巴,我赞叹这样的新比库。」第十一经。

Samaṇavaggo navamo. · 沙门品第九

Tassuddānaṃ –

其摄颂——

Samaṇo gadrabho khettaṃ, vajjiputto ca sekkhakaṃ;

沙门、驴、田,瓦基子与有学,

Tayo ca sikkhanā vuttā, dve sikkhā saṅkavāya cāti.

说三种学,二学与桑咖瓦。