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首页经藏增支部三法集部(8) 3. 阿难品

(8) 3. Ānandavaggo(8) 3. 阿难品

60 段 · CSCD 巴利原典
(8) 3. Ānandavaggo(8) 3. 阿难品
1. Channasuttaṃ1. 阐那经
§72
Ekaṃ samayaṃ bhagavā sāvatthiyaṃ viharati jetavane anāthapiṇḍikassa ārāme. Atha kho channo paribbājako yenāyasmā ānando tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā āyasmatā ānandena saddhiṃ sammodi. Sammodanīyaṃ kathaṃ sāraṇīyaṃ vītisāretvā ekamantaṃ nisīdi. Ekamantaṃ nisinno kho channo paribbājako āyasmantaṃ ānandaṃ etadavoca – ‘‘tumhepi, āvuso ānanda, rāgassa pahānaṃ paññāpetha, dosassa pahānaṃ paññāpetha, mohassa pahānaṃ paññāpethāti. Mayaṃ kho, āvuso, rāgassa pahānaṃ paññāpema, dosassa pahānaṃ paññāpema, mohassa pahānaṃ paññapemā’’ti.
一时,世尊住在沙瓦提城揭德林给孤独园。尔时,禅那游方者前往具寿阿难处;抵达后,与具寿阿难互相问候。交换了友好、值得忆念的谈话后,在一旁坐下。在一旁坐下的禅那游方者对具寿阿难如此说:「贤友阿难,你们也施设贪的断除,施设嗔的断除,施设痴的断除。贤友,我们也施设贪的断除,施设嗔的断除,施设痴的断除。」
‘‘Kiṃ pana tumhe, āvuso, rāge ādīnavaṃ disvā rāgassa pahānaṃ paññāpetha, kiṃ dose ādīnavaṃ disvā dosassa pahānaṃ paññāpetha, kiṃ mohe ādīnavaṃ disvā mohassa pahānaṃ paññāpethā’’ti?
「贤友,那么你们见到贪的何种过患而施设贪的断除?见到嗔的何种过患而施设嗔的断除?见到痴的何种过患而施设痴的断除?」
‘‘Ratto kho, āvuso, rāgena abhibhūto pariyādinnacitto attabyābādhāyapi ceteti, parabyābādhāyapi ceteti, ubhayabyābādhāyapi ceteti, cetasikampi dukkhaṃ domanassaṃ paṭisaṃvedeti; rāge pahīne nevattabyābādhāyapi ceteti, na parabyābādhāyapi ceteti, na ubhayabyābādhāyapi ceteti, na cetasikaṃ dukkhaṃ domanassaṃ paṭisaṃvedeti. Ratto kho, āvuso, rāgena abhibhūto pariyādinnacitto kāyena duccaritaṃ carati, vācāya duccaritaṃ carati, manasā duccaritaṃ carati; rāge pahīne neva kāyena duccaritaṃ carati, na vācāya duccaritaṃ carati, na manasā duccaritaṃ carati. Ratto kho, āvuso, rāgena abhibhūto pariyādinnacitto attatthampi yathābhūtaṃ nappajānāti, paratthampi yathābhūtaṃ nappajānāti, ubhayatthampi yathābhūtaṃ nappajānāti; rāge pahīne attatthampi yathābhūtaṃ pajānāti, paratthampi yathābhūtaṃ pajānāti, ubhayatthampi yathābhūtaṃ pajānāti. Rāgo kho, āvuso, andhakaraṇo acakkhukaraṇo aññāṇakaraṇo paññānirodhiko vighātapakkhiko anibbānasaṃvattaniko.
「贤友,染者被贪所征服、心被遍取,也思为自害,也思为他害,也思为两者害,体验心的苦与忧;贪被断除后,既不思为自害,也不思为他害,也不思为两者害,不体验心的苦与忧。贤友,染者被贪所征服、心被遍取,以身行恶行,以语行恶行,以意行恶行;贪被断除后,既不以身行恶行,也不以语行恶行,也不以意行恶行。贤友,染者被贪所征服、心被遍取,不如实了知自义,不如实了知他义,不如实了知两者义;贪被断除后,如实了知自义,如实了知他义,如实了知两者义。贤友,贪是作盲者、作无眼者、作无智者、慧的灭尽者、属于恼害方、不导向涅槃者。」
‘‘Duṭṭho kho, āvuso, dosena…pe… mūḷho kho, āvuso, mohena abhibhūto pariyādinnacitto attabyābādhāyapi ceteti, parabyābādhāyapi ceteti, ubhayabyābādhāyapi ceteti, cetasikampi dukkhaṃ domanassaṃ paṭisaṃvedeti; mohe pahīne nevattabyābādhāyapi ceteti, na parabyābādhāyapi ceteti, na ubhayabyābādhāyapi ceteti, na cetasikaṃ dukkhaṃ domanassaṃ paṭisaṃvedeti. Mūḷho kho, āvuso, mohena abhibhūto pariyādinnacitto kāyena duccaritaṃ carati, vācāya duccaritaṃ carati, manasā duccaritaṃ carati; mohe pahīne neva kāyena duccaritaṃ carati, na vācāya duccaritaṃ carati, na manasā duccaritaṃ carati. Mūḷho kho, āvuso, mohena abhibhūto pariyādinnacitto attatthampi yathābhūtaṃ nappajānāti, paratthampi yathābhūtaṃ nappajānāti, ubhayatthampi yathābhūtaṃ nappajānāti; mohe pahīne attatthampi yathābhūtaṃ pajānāti, paratthampi yathābhūtaṃ pajānāti, ubhayatthampi yathābhūtaṃ pajānāti. Moho kho, āvuso, andhakaraṇo acakkhukaraṇo aññāṇakaraṇo paññānirodhiko vighātapakkhiko anibbānasaṃvattaniko. Idaṃ kho mayaṃ, āvuso, rāge ādīnavaṃ disvā rāgassa pahānaṃ paññāpema. Idaṃ dose ādīnavaṃ disvā dosassa pahānaṃ paññāpema. Idaṃ mohe ādīnavaṃ disvā mohassa pahānaṃ paññāpemā’’ti.
「贤友,嗔者被嗔所……(中略)……贤友,痴者被痴所征服、心被遍取,也思为自害,也思为他害,也思为两者害,体验心的苦与忧;痴被断除后,既不思为自害,也不思为他害,也不思为两者害,不体验心的苦与忧。贤友,痴者被痴所征服、心被遍取,以身行恶行,以语行恶行,以意行恶行;痴被断除后,既不以身行恶行,也不以语行恶行,也不以意行恶行。贤友,痴者被痴所征服、心被遍取,不如实了知自义,不如实了知他义,不如实了知两者义;痴被断除后,如实了知自义,如实了知他义,如实了知两者义。贤友,痴是作盲者、作无眼者、作无智者、慧的灭尽者、属于恼害方、不导向涅槃者。贤友,我们见到贪的此过患而施设贪的断除。见到嗔的此过患而施设嗔的断除。见到痴的此过患而施设痴的断除。」
‘‘Atthi panāvuso, maggo atthi paṭipadā etassa rāgassa dosassa mohassa pahānāyā’’ti? ‘‘Atthāvuso, maggo atthi paṭipadā etassa rāgassa dosassa mohassa pahānāyā’’ti. ‘‘Katamo panāvuso, maggo katamā paṭipadā etassa rāgassa dosassa mohassa pahānāyā’’ti? ‘‘Ayameva ariyo aṭṭhaṅgiko maggo, seyyathidaṃ – sammādiṭṭhi…pe… sammāsamādhi. Ayaṃ kho, āvuso, maggo ayaṃ paṭipadā etassa rāgassa dosassa mohassa pahānāyā’’ti. ‘‘Bhaddako kho, āvuso, maggo bhaddikā paṭipadā etassa rāgassa dosassa mohassa pahānāya. Alañca panāvuso ānanda, appamādāyā’’ti. Paṭhamaṃ.
「贤友,然而有道、有道迹为了此贪、嗔、痴的断除吗?」「贤友,有道、有道迹为了此贪、嗔、痴的断除。」「贤友,什么是道、什么是道迹为了此贪、嗔、痴的断除?」「即此八支圣道,即:正见……(中略)……正定。贤友,此是道、此是道迹为了此贪、嗔、痴的断除。」「贤友,善妙之道、善妙之道迹为了此贪、嗔、痴的断除。贤友阿难,这足以不放逸了。」第一经。
2. Ājīvakasuttaṃ2. 邪命外道经
§73
Ekaṃ samayaṃ āyasmā ānando kosambiyaṃ viharati ghositārāme. Atha kho aññataro ājīvakasāvako gahapati yenāyasmā ānando tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā āyasmantaṃ ānandaṃ abhivādetvā ekamantaṃ nisīdi. Ekamantaṃ nisinno kho so ājīvakasāvako gahapati āyasmantaṃ ānandaṃ etadavoca –
一时,具寿阿难住在国桑比瞿师多园。尔时,某位邪命外道信徒居士前往具寿阿难处;抵达后,礼敬具寿阿难,在一旁坐下。在一旁坐下的那位邪命外道信徒居士对具寿阿难如此说:
‘‘Kesaṃ no, bhante ānanda, dhammo svākkhāto? Ke loke suppaṭipannā? Ke loke sukatā’’ti ? ‘‘Tena hi, gahapati, taññevettha paṭipucchissāmi, yathā te khameyya tathā naṃ byākareyyāsi. Taṃ kiṃ maññasi, gahapati, ye rāgassa pahānāya dhammaṃ desenti, dosassa pahānāya dhammaṃ desenti, mohassa pahānāya dhammaṃ desenti, tesaṃ dhammo svākkhāto no vā? Kathaṃ vā te ettha hotī’’ti? ‘‘Ye , bhante, rāgassa pahānāya dhammaṃ desenti, dosassa pahānāya dhammaṃ desenti, mohassa pahānāya dhammaṃ desenti, tesaṃ dhammo svākkhāto. Evaṃ me ettha hotī’’ti.
「尊者阿难,谁的法是善说?谁在世间是善行道者?谁在世间是善作者?」「那么,居士,我就此反问你,你认为适当的就请回答。居士,你认为如何?凡为了贪的断除而说法者,为了嗔的断除而说法者,为了痴的断除而说法者,他们的法是善说还是不善说?你对此如何认为?」「尊者,凡为了贪的断除而说法者,为了嗔的断除而说法者,为了痴的断除而说法者,他们的法是善说。我对此如此认为。」
‘‘Taṃ kiṃ maññasi, gahapati, ye rāgassa pahānāya paṭipannā, dosassa pahānāya paṭipannā, mohassa pahānāya paṭipannā, te loke suppaṭipannā no vā? Kathaṃ vā te ettha hotī’’ti? ‘‘Ye, bhante, rāgassa pahānāya paṭipannā, dosassa pahānāya paṭipannā, mohassa pahānāya paṭipannā, te loke suppaṭipannā. Evaṃ me ettha hotī’’ti.
「居士,你认为如何?凡为了贪的断除而行道者,为了嗔的断除而行道者,为了痴的断除而行道者,他们在世间是善行道者还是不善行道者?你对此如何认为?」「尊者,凡为了贪的断除而行道者,为了嗔的断除而行道者,为了痴的断除而行道者,他们在世间是善行道者。我对此如此认为。」
‘‘Taṃ kiṃ maññasi, gahapati, yesaṃ rāgo pahīno ucchinnamūlo tālāvatthukato anabhāvaṃkato āyatiṃ anuppādadhammo, yesaṃ doso pahīno ucchinnamūlo tālāvatthukato anabhāvaṅkato āyatiṃ anuppādadhammo, yesaṃ moho pahīno ucchinnamūlo tālāvatthukato anabhāvaṃkato āyatiṃ anuppādadhammo, te loke sukatā no vā? Kathaṃ vā te ettha hotī’’ti? ‘‘Yesaṃ, bhante, rāgo pahīno ucchinnamūlo tālāvatthukato anabhāvaṃkato āyatiṃ anuppādadhammo, yesaṃ doso pahīno…pe… yesaṃ moho pahīno ucchinnamūlo tālāvatthukato anabhāvaṃkato āyatiṃ anuppādadhammo, te loke sukatā. Evaṃ me ettha hotī’’ti.
「居士,你认为如何?那些贪已被舍断、根已被切断、如多罗树头被斩断、成为非有、未来不再生起之法者,那些嗔已被舍断、根已被切断、如多罗树头被斩断、成为非有、未来不再生起之法者,那些痴已被舍断、根已被切断、如多罗树头被斩断、成为非有、未来不再生起之法者,他们在世间是善作者或不是?你在此如何认为?」「尊者,那些贪已被舍断、根已被切断、如多罗树头被斩断、成为非有、未来不再生起之法者,那些嗔已被舍断……那些痴已被舍断、根已被切断、如多罗树头被斩断、成为非有、未来不再生起之法者,他们在世间是善作者。我在此如此认为。」
‘‘Iti kho, gahapati, tayāvetaṃ byākataṃ – ‘ye, bhante, rāgassa pahānāya dhammaṃ desenti, dosassa pahānāya dhammaṃ desenti, mohassa pahānāya dhammaṃ desenti, tesaṃ dhammo svākkhāto’ti. Tayāvetaṃ byākataṃ – ‘ye, bhante, rāgassa pahānāya paṭipannā, dosassa pahānāya paṭipannā, mohassa pahānāya paṭipannā, te loke suppaṭipannā’ti. Tayāvetaṃ byākataṃ – ‘yesaṃ, bhante, rāgo pahīno ucchinnamūlo tālāvatthukato anabhāvaṅkato āyatiṃ anuppādadhammo, yesaṃ doso pahīno…pe… yesaṃ moho pahīno ucchinnamūlo tālāvatthukato anabhāvaṅkato āyatiṃ anuppādadhammo, te loke sukatā’’’ti.
「如此,居士,这已被你分别论——『尊者,那些为舍断贪而说法者,为舍断嗔而说法者,为舍断痴而说法者,他们的法是善说的』。这已被你分别论——『尊者,那些为舍断贪而行道者,为舍断嗔而行道者,为舍断痴而行道者,他们在世间是善行道者』。这已被你分别论——『尊者,那些贪已被舍断、根已被切断、如多罗树头被斩断、成为非有、未来不再生起之法者,那些嗔已被舍断……那些痴已被舍断、根已被切断、如多罗树头被斩断、成为非有、未来不再生起之法者,他们在世间是善作者』。」
‘‘Acchariyaṃ, bhante, abbhutaṃ, bhante! Na ceva nāma sadhammukkaṃsanā bhavissati, na ca paradhammāpasādanā . Āyataneva dhammadesanā, attho ca vutto, attā ca anupanīto. Tumhe, bhante ānanda, rāgassa pahānāya dhammaṃ desetha, dosassa…pe… mohassa pahanāya dhammaṃ desetha. Tumhākaṃ, bhante ānanda, dhammo svākkhāto. Tumhe, bhante ānanda, rāgassa pahānāya paṭipannā, dosassa…pe… mohassa pahānāya paṭipannā. Tumhe, bhante, loke suppaṭipannā. Tumhākaṃ, bhante ānanda, rāgo pahīno ucchinnamūlo tālāvatthukato anabhāvaṅkato āyatiṃ anuppādadhammo, tumhākaṃ doso pahīno…pe… tumhākaṃ moho pahīno ucchinnamūlo tālāvatthukato anabhāvaṅkato āyatiṃ anuppādadhammo. Tumhe loke sukatā.
「尊者,不可思议!尊者,未曾有!既不会有自法的赞扬,也不会有他法的贬低。只是如理的法说,义理已被说出,而自己未被引入。尊者阿难,你们为舍断贪而说法,为舍断嗔……为舍断痴而说法。尊者阿难,你们的法是善说的。尊者阿难,你们为舍断贪而行道,为舍断嗔……为舍断痴而行道。尊者们,你们在世间是善行道者。尊者阿难,你们的贪已被舍断、根已被切断、如多罗树头被斩断、成为非有、未来不再生起之法,你们的嗔已被舍断……你们的痴已被舍断、根已被切断、如多罗树头被斩断、成为非有、未来不再生起之法。你们在世间是善作者。
‘‘Abhikkantaṃ, bhante, abhikkantaṃ, bhante! Seyyathāpi, bhante, nikkujjitaṃ vā ukkujjeyya, paṭicchannaṃ vā vivareyya, mūḷhassa vā maggaṃ ācikkheyya, andhakāre vā telapajjotaṃ dhāreyya – ‘cakkhumanto rūpāni dakkhantī’ti; evamevaṃ ayyena ānandena anekapariyāyena dhammo pakāsito. Esāhaṃ, bhante ānanda, taṃ bhagavantaṃ saraṇaṃ gacchāmi dhammañca bhikkhusaṅghañca. Upāsakaṃ maṃ ayyo ānando dhāretu, ajjatagge pāṇupetaṃ saraṇaṃ gata’’nti. Dutiyaṃ.
「尊者,善哉!尊者,善哉!尊者,犹如把倒者扶正,或把覆者揭开,或为迷者指示道路,或在黑暗中持来油灯——『有眼者将见诸色』;同样地,法已被具寿阿难以种种方式阐明。尊者阿难,我归依彼世尊、法与比库僧团。愿具寿阿难忆持我为近事男,从今日起终生归依。」
3. Mahānāmasakkasuttaṃ3. 大名萨咖经
§74
Evaṃ me sutaṃ – ekaṃ samayaṃ bhagavā sakkesu viharati kapilavatthusmiṃ nigrodhārāme. Tena kho pana samayena bhagavā gilānāvuṭṭhito hoti aciravuṭṭhito gelaññā. Atha kho mahānāmo sakko yena bhagavā tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā bhagavantaṃ abhivādetvā ekamantaṃ nisīdi. Ekamantaṃ nisinno kho mahānāmo sakko bhagavantaṃ etadavoca – ‘‘dīgharattāhaṃ, bhante, bhagavatā evaṃ dhammaṃ desitaṃ ājānāmi – ‘samāhitassa ñāṇaṃ, no asamāhitassā’ti. Samādhi nu kho, bhante, pubbe, pacchā ñāṇaṃ; udāhu ñāṇaṃ pubbe, pacchā samādhī’’ti? Atha kho āyasmato ānandassa etadahosi – ‘‘bhagavā kho gilānavuṭṭhito aciravuṭṭhito gelaññā . Ayañca mahānāmo sakko bhagavantaṃ atigambhīraṃ pañhaṃ pucchati. Yaṃnūnāhaṃ mahānāmaṃ sakkaṃ ekamantaṃ apanetvā dhammaṃ deseyya’’nti.
如是我闻——一时,世尊住在萨咖国咖毕拉瓦图的尼拘律园。尔时,世尊病愈,不久前从病中痊愈。时,萨咖人马哈那马来到世尊处;到了之后,礼敬世尊,坐于一旁。坐于一旁的萨咖人马哈那马对世尊如此说:「尊者,我长久以来从世尊所说的法了知:『有定者有智,无定者无智』。尊者,是定在前,智在后;还是智在前,定在后?」时,具寿阿难生起此念:「世尊病愈,不久前从病中痊愈。而这位萨咖人马哈那马向世尊问极深的问题。我何不将萨咖人马哈那马带到一旁而说法?」
Atha kho āyasmā ānando mahānāmaṃ sakkaṃ bāhāyaṃ gahetvā ekamantaṃ apanetvā mahānāmaṃ sakkaṃ etadavoca – ‘‘sekhampi kho, mahānāma, sīlaṃ vuttaṃ bhagavatā, asekhampi sīlaṃ vuttaṃ bhagavatā; sekhopi samādhi vutto bhagavatā , asekhopi samādhi vutto bhagavatā; sekhāpi paññā vuttā bhagavatā, asekhāpi paññā vuttā bhagavatā. Katamañca, mahānāma , sekhaṃ sīlaṃ? Idha, mahānāma, bhikkhu sīlavā hoti pātimokkhasaṃvarasaṃvuto viharati…pe… samādāya sikkhati sikkhāpadesu. Idaṃ vuccati, mahānāma, sekhaṃ sīlaṃ’’.
时,具寿阿难握住萨咖人马哈那马的手臂,带到一旁,对萨咖人马哈那马如此说:「马哈那马,有学戒已被世尊所说,无学戒也已被世尊所说;有学定已被世尊所说,无学定也已被世尊所说;有学慧已被世尊所说,无学慧也已被世尊所说。马哈那马,什么是有学戒?马哈那马,于此,比库持戒,以巴帝摩卡律仪防护而住……受持学习于诸学处。马哈那马,这称为有学戒。
‘‘Katamo ca, mahānāma, sekho samādhi? Idha, mahānāma, bhikkhu vivicceva kāmehi…pe… catutthaṃ jhānaṃ upasampajja viharati. Ayaṃ vuccati, mahānāma, sekho samādhi.
「马哈那马,什么是有学定?马哈那马,于此,比库离诸欲……进入第四禅而住。马哈那马,这称为有学定。
‘‘Katamā ca, mahānāma, sekhā paññā? Idha, mahānāma, bhikkhu idaṃ dukkhanti yathābhūtaṃ pajānāti…pe… ayaṃ dukkhanirodhagāminī paṭipadāti yathābhūtaṃ pajānāti. Ayaṃ vuccati, mahānāma, sekhā paññā.
「马哈那马,什么是有学慧?马哈那马,于此,比库如实了知『此是苦』……如实了知『此是导至苦灭之道』。马哈那马,这称为有学慧。
‘‘Sa kho so, mahānāma, ariyasāvako evaṃ sīlasampanno evaṃ samādhisampanno evaṃ paññāsampanno āsavānaṃ khayā anāsavaṃ cetovimuttiṃ paññāvimuttiṃ diṭṭheva dhamme sayaṃ abhiññā sacchikatvā upasampajja viharati. Evaṃ kho, mahānāma, sekhampi sīlaṃ vuttaṃ bhagavatā, asekhampi sīlaṃ vuttaṃ bhagavatā; sekhopi samādhi vutto bhagavatā, asekhopi samādhi vutto bhagavatā; sekhāpi paññā vuttā bhagavatā, asekhāpi paññā vuttā bhagavatā’’ti. Tatiyaṃ.
「摩诃那摩,那位圣弟子如此达上、如此具足定、如此具足慧,以诸漏尽,于现法自己以证智作证后,证入无漏的心解脱、慧解脱而住。摩诃那摩,如此,世尊已说有学戒,世尊已说无学戒;世尊已说有学定,世尊已说无学定;世尊已说有学慧,世尊已说无学慧。」第三经。
4. Nigaṇṭhasuttaṃ4. 尼干陀经
§75
Ekaṃ samayaṃ āyasmā ānando vesāliyaṃ viharati mahāvane kūṭāgārasālāyaṃ. Atha kho abhayo ca licchavi paṇḍitakumārako ca licchavi yenāyasmā ānando tenupasaṅkamiṃsu; upasaṅkamitvā āyasmantaṃ ānandaṃ abhivādetvā ekamantaṃ nisīdiṃsu. Ekamantaṃ nisinno kho abhayo licchavi āyasmantaṃ ānandaṃ etadavoca – ‘‘nigaṇṭho, bhante, nāṭaputto sabbaññū sabbadassāvī aparisesaṃ ñāṇadassanaṃ paṭijānāti – ‘carato ca me tiṭṭhato ca suttassa ca jāgarassa ca satataṃ samitaṃ ñāṇadassanaṃ paccupaṭṭhita’nti. So purāṇānaṃ kammānaṃ tapasā byantībhāvaṃ paññapeti navānaṃ kammānaṃ akaraṇā setughātaṃ . Iti kammakkhayā dukkhakkhayo, dukkhakkhayā vedanākkhayo, vedanākkhayā sabbaṃ dukkhaṃ nijjiṇṇaṃ bhavissati – evametissā sandiṭṭhikāya nijjarāya visuddhiyā samatikkamo hoti. Idha, bhante, bhagavā kimāhā’’ti?
一时,具寿阿难住在韦萨离大林重阁讲堂。那时,离车人阿巴亚与离车人般地答咖马拉咖前往具寿阿难处;抵达后,礼敬具寿阿难,坐于一旁。坐于一旁的离车人阿巴亚对具寿阿难如此说:「尊者,尼干陀那他子自称一切知、一切见、无余的智见——『无论我行、住、眠、醒,智见恒常持续地现起』。他宣说以苦行灭尽旧业,以不造新业而截断流。如此,以业尽故苦尽,以苦尽故受尽,以受尽故一切苦将被耗尽——如此,这是现见的灭尽、清净、超越。尊者,于此,世尊说什么?」
‘‘Tisso kho imā, abhaya, nijjarā visuddhiyo tena bhagavatā jānatā passatā arahatā sammāsambuddhena sammadakkhātā sattānaṃ visuddhiyā sokaparidevānaṃ samatikkamāya dukkhadomanassānaṃ atthaṅgamāya ñāyassa adhigamāya nibbānassa sacchikiriyāya. Katamā tisso? Idha, abhaya, bhikkhu sīlavā hoti…pe… samādāya sikkhati sikkhāpadesu. So navañca kammaṃ na karoti, purāṇañca kammaṃ phussa phussa byantīkaroti. Sandiṭṭhikā nijjarā akālikā ehipassikā opaneyyikā paccattaṃ veditabbā viññūhīti.
「阿巴亚,有此三种灭尽清净,被那位知者、见者、阿拉汉、正等正觉者世尊正确宣说,为了众生的清净、为了超越愁悲、为了苦忧的灭没、为了获得正理、为了作证涅槃。哪三种?阿巴亚,于此,比库具戒……(中略)……受持学习于诸学处。他不造新业,触触灭尽旧业。现见的灭尽、无时的、来见的、引导的、智者各自应知的。
‘‘Sa kho so, abhaya, bhikkhu evaṃ sīlasampanno vivicceva kāmehi vivicca akusalehi dhammehi savitakkaṃ savicāraṃ vivekajaṃ pītisukhaṃ paṭhamaṃ jhānaṃ upasampajja viharati. Vitakkavicārānaṃ vūpasamā ajjhattaṃ sampasādanaṃ cetaso ekodibhāvaṃ avitakkaṃ avicāraṃ samādhijaṃ pītisukhaṃ dutiyaṃ jhānaṃ upasampajja viharati. Pītiyā ca virāgā upekkhako ca viharati sato ca sampajāno, sukhañca kāyena paṭisaṃvedeti yaṃ taṃ ariyā ācikkhanti – ‘upekkhako satimā sukhavihārī’ti tatiyaṃ jhānaṃ upasampajja viharati. Sukhassa ca pahānā dukkhassa ca pahānā, pubbeva somanassadomanassānaṃ atthaṅgamā adukkhamasukhaṃ upekkhāsatipārisuddhiṃ catutthaṃ jhānaṃ upasampajja viharati. So navañca kammaṃ na karoti, purāṇañca kammaṃ phussa phussa byantīkaroti. Sandiṭṭhikā nijjarā akālikā ehipassikā opaneyyikā paccattaṃ veditabbā viññūhīti.
「阿巴亚,那位比库如此达上,离诸欲、离诸不善法,有寻、有伺,离生喜乐,证入初禅而住。以寻伺的止息,内净、心一境性,无寻、无伺,定生喜乐,证入第二禅而住。以喜的离去,他住于舍、念、正知,以身体验乐,正如圣者们所宣说的——『舍、具念、乐住』,证入第三禅而住。以舍断乐与舍断苦,先前喜忧已灭没,不苦不乐、舍念清净,证入第四禅而住。他不造新业,触触灭尽旧业。现见的灭尽、无时的、来见的、引导的、智者各自应知的。
‘‘Sa kho so, abhaya, bhikkhu evaṃ samādhisampanno āsavānaṃ khayā anāsavaṃ cetovimuttiṃ paññāvimuttiṃ diṭṭheva dhamme sayaṃ abhiññā sacchikatvā upasampajja viharati. So navañca kammaṃ na karoti, purāṇañca kammaṃ phussa phussa byantīkaroti. Sandiṭṭhikā nijjarā akālikā ehipassikā opaneyyikā paccattaṃ veditabbā viññūhīti. Imā kho, abhaya, tisso nijjarā visuddhiyo tena bhagavatā jānatā passatā arahatā sammāsambuddhena sammadakkhātā sattānaṃ visuddhiyā sokaparidevānaṃ samatikkamāya dukkhadomanassānaṃ atthaṅgamāya ñāyassa adhigamāya nibbānassa sacchikiriyāyā’’ti.
「阿巴亚,那位比库如此具足定,以诸漏尽,于现法自己以证智作证后,证入无漏的心解脱、慧解脱而住。他不造新业,触触灭尽旧业。现见的灭尽、无时的、来见的、引导的、智者各自应知的。阿巴亚,这三种灭尽清净,被那位知者、见者、阿拉汉、正等正觉者世尊正确宣说,为了众生的清净、为了超越愁悲、为了苦忧的灭没、为了获得正理、为了作证涅槃。」
Evaṃ vutte paṇḍitakumārako licchavi abhayaṃ licchaviṃ etadavoca – ‘‘kiṃ pana tvaṃ, samma abhaya, āyasmato ānandassa subhāsitaṃ subhāsitato nābbhanumodasī’’ti? ‘‘Kyāhaṃ, samma paṇḍitakumāraka, āyasmato ānandassa subhāsitaṃ subhāsitato nābbhanumodissāmi! Muddhāpi tassa vipateyya yo āyasmato ānandassa subhāsitaṃ subhāsitato nābbhanumodeyyā’’ti. Catutthaṃ.
如此说已,离车人般地答咖马拉咖对离车人阿巴亚如此说:「朋友阿巴亚,你为何不对具寿阿难的善说作为善说而随喜呢?」「朋友般地答咖马拉咖,我怎会不对具寿阿难的善说作为善说而随喜呢!若有人不对具寿阿难的善说作为善说而随喜,他的头应该裂开!」第四经。
5. Nivesakasuttaṃ5. 尼韦萨咖经
§76
Atha kho āyasmā ānando yena bhagavā tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā bhagavantaṃ abhivādetvā ekamantaṃ nisīdi. Ekamantaṃ nisinnaṃ kho āyasmantaṃ ānandaṃ bhagavā etadavoca –
那时,具寿阿难前往世尊处;抵达后,礼敬世尊,坐于一旁。世尊对坐于一旁的具寿阿难如此说:
‘‘Ye, ānanda, anukampeyyātha ye ca sotabbaṃ maññeyyuṃ mittā vā amaccā vā ñātī vā sālohitā vā te vo, ānanda, tīsu ṭhānesu samādapetabbā nivesetabbā patiṭṭhāpetabbā. Katamesu tīsu? Buddhe aveccappasāde samādapetabbā nivesetabbā patiṭṭhāpetabbā – ‘itipi so bhagavā arahaṃ sammāsambuddho vijjācaraṇasampanno sugato lokavidū anuttaro purisadammasārathi; satthā devamanussānaṃ, buddho bhagavā’ti, dhamme aveccappasāde samādapetabbā nivesetabbā patiṭṭhāpetabbā – ‘svākkhāto bhagavatā dhammo sandiṭṭhiko akāliko ehipassiko opaneyyiko paccattaṃ veditabbo viññūhī’ti, saṅghe aveccappasāde samādapetabbā nivesetabbā patiṭṭhāpetabbā – ‘suppaṭipanno bhagavato sāvakasaṅgho ujuppaṭipanno bhagavato sāvakasaṅgho ñāyappaṭipanno bhagavato sāvakasaṅgho sāmīcippaṭipanno bhagavato sāvakasaṅgho, yadidaṃ cattāri purisayugāni aṭṭha purisapuggalā esa bhagavato sāvakasaṅgho āhuneyyo pāhuneyyo dakkhiṇeyyo añjalikaraṇīyo anuttaraṃ puññakkhettaṃ lokassā’’’ti.
「阿难,那些你们应怜悯的、那些认为应听的——朋友、同僚、亲戚、血亲,阿难,你们应使他们确立、安置、建立于三处。哪三处?应使他们确立、安置、建立于对佛的证净——『如此,彼世尊是阿拉汉、正等正觉者、明行具足者、善逝、世间解、无上士、调御丈夫者、天人师、佛、世尊』;应使他们确立、安置、建立于对法的证净——『世尊的法是善说的、现见的、无时的、来见的、引导的、智者各自应知的』;应使他们确立、安置、建立于对僧团的证净——『世尊的声闻僧团是善行道者,世尊的声闻僧团是直行道者,世尊的声闻僧团是正理行道者,世尊的声闻僧团是正当行道者,即四双人、八辈人,这世尊的声闻僧团是应供养者、应供奉者、应施与者、应合掌者、世间的无上福田』。」
‘‘Siyā, ānanda, catunnaṃ mahābhūtānaṃ aññathattaṃ – pathavīdhātuyā āpodhātuyā tejodhātuyā vāyodhātuyā, na tveva buddhe aveccappasādena samannāgatassa ariyasāvakassa siyā aññathattaṃ tatridaṃ aññathattaṃ. So vatānanda, buddhe aveccappasādena samannāgato ariyasāvako nirayaṃ vā tiracchānayoniṃ vā pettivisayaṃ vā upapajjissatīti netaṃ ṭhānaṃ vijjati.
「阿难,四大界可能会变异——地界、水界、火界、风界,但具足对佛证净的圣弟子须跋会有变异,此中这是变异。阿难,具足对佛证净的圣弟子将会投生于地狱、畜生趣或饿鬼界,此为无处,此为须跋。」
‘‘Siyā , ānanda, catunnaṃ mahābhūtānaṃ aññathattaṃ – pathavīdhātuyā āpodhātuyā tejodhātuyā vāyodhātuyā, na tveva dhamme…pe… na tveva saṅghe aveccappasādena samannāgatassa ariyasāvakassa siyā aññathattaṃ tatridaṃ aññathattaṃ. So vatānanda, saṅghe aveccappasādena samannāgato ariyasāvako nirayaṃ vā tiracchānayoniṃ vā pettivisayaṃ vā upapajjissatīti netaṃ ṭhānaṃ vijjati.
「阿难,四大界可能会变异——地界、水界、火界、风界,但具足对法证净的……但具足对僧团证净的圣弟子须跋会有变异,此中这是变异。阿难,具足对僧团证净的圣弟子将会投生于地狱、畜生趣或饿鬼界,此为无处,此为须跋。」
‘‘Ye, ānanda, anukampeyyātha ye ca sotabbaṃ maññeyyuṃ mittā vā amaccā vā ñātī vā sālohitā vā te vo, ānanda, imesu tīsu ṭhānesu samādapetabbā nivesetabbā patiṭṭhāpetabbā’’ti. Pañcamaṃ.
「阿难,凡你们所怜悯的,凡那些认为应当听闻的——朋友、同僚、亲戚或血亲,阿难,你们应当使他们在这三处确立、安置、建立。」第五经。
6. Paṭhamabhavasuttaṃ6. 有经第一
§77
Atha kho āyasmā ānando yena bhagavā tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā bhagavantaṃ abhivādetvā ekamantaṃ nisīdi. Ekamantaṃ nisinno kho āyasmā ānando bhagavantaṃ etadavoca – ‘‘bhavo, bhavoti, bhante, vuccati. Kittāvatā nu kho, bhante, bhavo hotī’’ti?
那时,具寿阿难前往世尊处;抵达后,礼敬世尊,在一旁坐下。在一旁坐下的具寿阿难对世尊如此说:「尊者,说『有、有』。尊者,到什么程度才有『有』呢?」
‘‘Kāmadhātuvepakkañca, ānanda, kammaṃ nābhavissa, api nu kho kāmabhavo paññāyethā’’ti? ‘‘No hetaṃ, bhante’’. ‘‘Iti kho, ānanda, kammaṃ khettaṃ, viññāṇaṃ bījaṃ, taṇhā sneho . Avijjānīvaraṇānaṃ sattānaṃ taṇhāsaṃyojanānaṃ hīnāya dhātuyā viññāṇaṃ patiṭṭhitaṃ evaṃ āyatiṃ punabbhavābhinibbatti hoti. ( )
「阿难,若没有欲界异熟的业,欲有会被了知吗?」「尊者,不会。」「阿难,如此,业是田,识是种子,渴爱是润湿。被无明所盖、被渴爱所系的众生,识确立于下劣界,如此,未来再生的出生就有了。」
‘‘Rūpadhātuvepakkañca, ānanda, kammaṃ nābhavissa, api nu kho rūpabhavo paññāyethā’’ti? ‘‘No hetaṃ, bhante’’. ‘‘Iti kho ānanda, kammaṃ khettaṃ, viññāṇaṃ bījaṃ, taṇhā sneho. Avijjānīvaraṇānaṃ sattānaṃ taṇhāsaṃyojanānaṃ majjhimāya dhātuyā viññāṇaṃ patiṭṭhitaṃ evaṃ āyatiṃ punabbhavābhinibbatti hoti. ( )
「阿难,若没有色界异熟的业,色有会被了知吗?」「尊者,不会。」「阿难,如此,业是田,识是种子,渴爱是润湿。被无明所盖、被渴爱所系的众生,识确立于中等界,如此,未来再生的出生就有了。」
‘‘Arūpadhātuvepakkañca, ānanda, kammaṃ nābhavissa, api nu kho arūpabhavo paññāyethā’’ti? ‘‘No hetaṃ, bhante’’. ‘‘Iti kho, ānanda, kammaṃ khettaṃ, viññāṇaṃ bījaṃ, taṇhā sneho. Avijjānīvaraṇānaṃ sattānaṃ taṇhāsaṃyojanānaṃ paṇītāya dhātuyā viññāṇaṃ patiṭṭhitaṃ evaṃ āyatiṃ punabbhavābhinibbatti hoti. Evaṃ kho, ānanda, bhavo hotī’’ti. Chaṭṭhaṃ.
「阿难,若没有无色界异熟的业,无色有会被了知吗?」「尊者,不会。」「阿难,如此,业是田,识是种子,渴爱是润湿。被无明所盖、被渴爱所系的众生,识确立于殊胜界,如此,未来再生的出生就有了。阿难,如此才有『有』。」第六经。
7. Dutiyabhavasuttaṃ7. 有经第二
§78
Atha kho āyasmā ānando yena bhagavā tenupasaṅkami…pe… āyasmā ānando bhagavantaṃ etadavoca – ‘‘bhavo, bhavoti, bhante, vuccati. Kittāvatā nu kho, bhante, bhavo hotī’’ti?
那时,具寿阿难前往世尊处……具寿阿难对世尊如此说:「尊者,说『有、有』。尊者,到什么程度才有『有』呢?」
‘‘Kāmadhātuvepakkañca, ānanda, kammaṃ nābhavissa, api nu kho kāmabhavo paññāyethā’’ti? ‘‘No hetaṃ bhante’’. ‘‘Iti kho, ānanda, kammaṃ khettaṃ, viññāṇaṃ bījaṃ, taṇhā sneho. Avijjānīvaraṇānaṃ sattānaṃ taṇhāsaṃyojanānaṃ hīnāya dhātuyā cetanā patiṭṭhitā patthanā patiṭṭhitā evaṃ āyatiṃ punabbhavābhinibbatti hoti’’.
「阿难,若无欲界异熟之业,欲有会被了知吗?」「世尊,不会。」「阿难,如是,业是田,识是种子,渴爱是润湿。被无明所盖、被渴爱所系缚的众生,其思确立于下劣界,其愿欲确立,如是未来再生的出生就有。」
‘‘Rūpadhātuvepakkañca, ānanda, kammaṃ nābhavissa, api nu kho rūpabhavo paññāyethā’’ti? ‘‘No hetaṃ, bhante’’. ‘‘Iti kho, ānanda, kammaṃ khettaṃ, viññāṇaṃ bījaṃ, taṇhā sneho. Avijjānīvaraṇānaṃ sattānaṃ taṇhāsaṃyojanānaṃ majjhimāya dhātuyā cetanā patiṭṭhitā patthanā patiṭṭhitā evaṃ āyatiṃ punabbhavābhinibbatti hoti’’.
「阿难,若无色界异熟之业,色有会被了知吗?」「世尊,不会。」「阿难,如是,业是田,识是种子,渴爱是润湿。被无明所盖、被渴爱所系缚的众生,其思确立于中等界,其愿欲确立,如是未来再生的出生就有。」
‘‘Arūpadhātuvepakkañca, ānanda, kammaṃ nābhavissa, api nu kho arūpabhavo paññāyethā’’ti? ‘‘No hetaṃ, bhante’’. ‘‘Iti kho, ānanda, kammaṃ khettaṃ, viññāṇaṃ bījaṃ, taṇhā sneho. Avijjānīvaraṇānaṃ sattānaṃ taṇhāsaṃyojanānaṃ paṇītāya dhātuyā cetanā patiṭṭhitā patthanā patiṭṭhitā evaṃ āyatiṃ punabbhavābhinibbatti hoti. Evaṃ kho, ānanda, bhavo hotī’’ti. Sattamaṃ.
「阿难,若无无色界异熟之业,无色有会被了知吗?」「世尊,不会。」「阿难,如是,业是田,识是种子,渴爱是润湿。被无明所盖、被渴爱所系缚的众生,其思确立于殊胜界,其愿欲确立,如是未来再生的出生就有。阿难,有如是而有。」第七经。
8. Sīlabbatasuttaṃ8. 戒禁经
§79
Atha kho āyasmā ānando yena bhagavā tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā bhagavantaṃ abhivādetvā ekamantaṃ nisīdi. Ekamantaṃ nisinnaṃ kho āyasmantaṃ ānandaṃ bhagavā etadavoca – ‘‘sabbaṃ nu kho, ānanda, sīlabbataṃ jīvitaṃ brahmacariyaṃ upaṭṭhānasāraṃ saphala’’nti? ‘‘Na khvettha, bhante, ekaṃsenā’’ti. ‘‘Tena hānanda, vibhajassū’’ti.
尔时,具寿阿难前往世尊处;抵达后,礼敬世尊,在一旁坐下。世尊对坐在一旁的具寿阿难如是说:「阿难,一切戒禁、生活、梵行、须跋为核心,都有果吗?」「世尊,在此不能一概而论。」「阿难,那么你来分别论说。」
‘‘Yañhissa , bhante, sīlabbataṃ jīvitaṃ brahmacariyaṃ upaṭṭhānasāraṃ sevato akusalā dhammā abhivaḍḍhanti kusalā dhammā parihāyanti, evarūpaṃ sīlabbataṃ jīvitaṃ brahmacariyaṃ upaṭṭhānasāraṃ aphalaṃ. Yañca khvāssa , bhante, sīlabbataṃ jīvitaṃ brahmacariyaṃ upaṭṭhānasāraṃ sevato akusalā dhammā parihāyanti, kusalā dhammā abhivaḍḍhanti, evarūpaṃ sīlabbataṃ jīvitaṃ brahmacariyaṃ upaṭṭhānasāraṃ saphala’’nti. Idamavoca āyasmā ānando; samanuñño satthā ahosi.
「世尊,若奉行某种戒禁、生活、梵行、须跋为核心,不善法增长,善法衰退,这样的戒禁、生活、梵行、须跋为核心是无果的。世尊,若奉行某种戒禁、生活、梵行、须跋为核心,不善法衰退,善法增长,这样的戒禁、生活、梵行、须跋为核心是有果的。」具寿阿难如是说;导师表示赞许。
Atha kho āyasmā ānando ‘‘samanuñño me satthā’’ti, uṭṭhāyāsanā bhagavantaṃ abhivādetvā padakkhiṇaṃ katvā pakkāmi. Atha kho bhagavā acirapakkante āyasmante ānande bhikkhū āmantesi – ‘‘sekho, bhikkhave, ānando; na ca panassa sulabharūpo samasamo paññāyā’’ti. Aṭṭhamaṃ.
尔时,具寿阿难「导师赞许我了」,从座起立,礼敬世尊,作右绕后离去。尔时,世尊在具寿阿难离去不久,对诸比库说:「诸比库,阿难是有学,但在慧方面不易找到与他相等者。」第八经。
9. Gandhajātasuttaṃ9. 香生经
§80
Atha kho āyasmā ānando yena bhagavā tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā bhagavantaṃ abhivādetvā ekamantaṃ nisīdi. Ekamantaṃ nisinno kho āyasmā ānando bhagavantaṃ etadavoca –
尔时,具寿阿难前往世尊处;抵达后,礼敬世尊,在一旁坐下。坐在一旁的具寿阿难对世尊如是说:
‘‘Tīṇimāni, bhante, gandhajātāni, yesaṃ anuvātaṃyeva gandho gacchati, no paṭivātaṃ. Katamāni tīṇi? Mūlagandho, sāragandho, pupphagandho – imāni kho, bhante, tīṇi gandhajātāni, yesaṃ anuvātaṃyeva gandho gacchati, no paṭivātaṃ. Atthi nu kho, bhante, kiñci gandhajātaṃ yassa anuvātampi gandho gacchati, paṭivātampi gandho gacchati, anuvātapaṭivātampi gandho gacchatī’’ti?
「世尊,有这三种香类,它们的香只顺风飘送,不逆风飘送。哪三种?根香、心材香、花香——世尊,这三种香类,它们的香只顺风飘送,不逆风飘送。世尊,有没有某种香类,其香顺风也飘送,逆风也飘送,顺风逆风都飘送?」
‘‘Atthānanda, kiñci gandhajātaṃ yassa anuvātampi gandho gacchati , paṭivātampi gandho gacchati, anuvātapaṭivātampi gandho gacchatī’’ti. ‘‘Katamañca pana, bhante, gandhajātaṃ yassa anuvātampi gandho gacchati, paṭivātampi gandho gacchati, anuvātapaṭivātampi gandho gacchatī’’ti?
「阿难,有某种香类,其香顺风而去,逆风而去,顺风逆风而去。」「然而,尊者,什么香类,其香顺风而去,逆风而去,顺风逆风而去?」
‘‘Idhānanda , yasmiṃ gāme vā nigame vā itthī vā puriso vā buddhaṃ saraṇaṃ gato hoti, dhammaṃ saraṇaṃ gato hoti, saṅghaṃ saraṇaṃ gato hoti, pāṇātipātā paṭivirato hoti, adinnādānā paṭivirato hoti, kāmesumicchācārā paṭivirato hoti, musāvādā paṭivirato hoti, surāmerayamajjapamādaṭṭhānā paṭivirato hoti , sīlavā hoti kalyāṇadhammo, vigatamalamaccherena cetasā agāraṃ ajjhāvasati muttacāgo payatapāṇi vossaggarato yācayogo dānasaṃvibhāgarato.
「阿难,于此,在某村或某镇,女人或男子已皈依佛,已皈依法,已皈依僧团,离杀生,离不与取,离欲邪行,离妄语,离放逸之因的诸酒类,持戒,具善法,以离垢离悭之心住于家中,慷慨施舍,手常施予,乐于舍弃,适于乞求,乐于布施与分享。
‘‘Tassa disāsu samaṇabrāhmaṇā vaṇṇaṃ bhāsanti – ‘amukasmiṃ nāma gāme vā nigame vā itthī vā puriso vā buddhaṃ saraṇaṃ gato hoti, dhammaṃ saraṇaṃ gato hoti, saṅghaṃ saraṇaṃ gato hoti, pāṇātipātā paṭivirato hoti, adinnādānā paṭivirato hoti, kāmesumicchācārā paṭivirato hoti, musāvādā paṭivirato hoti, surāmerayamajjapamādaṭṭhānā paṭivirato hoti, sīlavā hoti kalyāṇadhammo, vigatamalamaccherena cetasā agāraṃ ajjhāvasati muttacāgo payatapāṇi vossaggarato yācayogo dānasaṃvibhāgarato’’’ti.
「诸方的沙门婆罗门称赞他——『在某村或某镇,女人或男子已皈依佛,已皈依法,已皈依僧团,离杀生,离不与取,离欲邪行,离妄语,离放逸之因的诸酒类,持戒,具善法,以离垢离悭之心住于家中,慷慨施舍,手常施予,乐于舍弃,适于乞求,乐于布施与分享。』
‘‘Devatāpissa vaṇṇaṃ bhāsanti – ‘amukasmiṃ nāma gāme vā nigame vā itthī vā puriso vā buddhaṃ saraṇaṃ gato hoti, dhammaṃ saraṇaṃ gato hoti, saṅghaṃ saraṇaṃ gato hoti, pāṇātipātā paṭivirato hoti…pe… surāmerayamajjapamādaṭṭhānā paṭivirato hoti, sīlavā hoti kalyāṇadhammo, vigatamalamaccherena cetasā agāraṃ ajjhāvasati muttacāgo payatapāṇi vossaggarato yācayogo dānasaṃvibhāgarato’ti. Idaṃ kho taṃ, ānanda, gandhajātaṃ yassa anuvātampi gandho gacchati, paṭivātampi gandho gacchati, anuvātapaṭivātampi gandho gacchatī’’ti.
「天人们也称赞他——『在某村或某镇,女人或男子已皈依佛,已皈依法,已皈依僧团,离杀生……乃至……离放逸之因的诸酒类,持戒,具善法,以离垢离悭之心住于家中,慷慨施舍,手常施予,乐于舍弃,适于乞求,乐于布施与分享。』阿难,这就是那种香类,其香顺风而去,逆风而去,顺风逆风而去。」
‘‘Na pupphagandho paṭivātameti,
「花香不逆风而去,
Na candanaṃ tagaramallikā vā;
檀香、多伽罗香、茉莉香亦不;
Satañca gandho paṭivātameti,
善人之香逆风而去,
Sabbā disā sappuriso pavāyatī’’ti. navamaṃ;
善人遍熏一切方。」第九经
10. Cūḷanikāsuttaṃ10. 小尼咖经
§81
Atha kho āyasmā ānando yena bhagavā tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā bhagavantaṃ abhivādetvā ekamantaṃ nisīdi . Ekamantaṃ nisinno kho āyasmā ānando bhagavantaṃ etadavoca – ‘‘sammukhāmetaṃ, bhante, bhagavato sutaṃ sammukhā paṭiggahitaṃ – ‘bhagavato, ānanda, sikhissa abhibhū nāma sāvako brahmaloke ṭhito sahassilokadhātuṃ sarena viññāpesī’ti. Bhagavā pana, bhante, arahaṃ sammāsambuddho kīvatakaṃ pahoti sarena viññāpetu’’nti? ‘‘Sāvako so, ānanda, appameyyā tathāgatā’’ti.
那时,具寿阿难去到世尊那里;去到之后,礼敬世尊,坐在一边。坐在一边的具寿阿难对世尊这样说:「尊者,我从世尊面前听闻、从世尊面前领受:『阿难,世尊西奇的名叫阿毗浮的弟子,站在梵天界,以声音使千世界界知晓。』尊者,那么世尊、阿拉汉、正等正觉者能以声音使多少知晓呢?」「阿难,那是弟子,如来是无量的。」
Dutiyampi kho āyasmā ānando bhagavantaṃ etadavoca – ‘‘sammukhā metaṃ, bhante, bhagavato sutaṃ sammukhā paṭiggahitaṃ – ‘bhagavato, ānanda, sikhissa abhibhū nāma sāvako brahmaloke ṭhito sahassilokadhātuṃ sarena viññāpesī’ti. Bhagavā pana, bhante, arahaṃ sammāsambuddho kīvatakaṃ pahoti sarena viññāpetu’’nti? ‘‘Sāvako so, ānanda, appameyyā tathāgatā’’ti.
具寿阿难第二次对世尊这样说:「尊者,我从世尊面前听闻、从世尊面前领受:『阿难,世尊西奇的名叫阿毗浮的弟子,站在梵天界,以声音使千世界界知晓。』尊者,那么世尊、阿拉汉、正等正觉者能以声音使多少知晓呢?」「阿难,那是弟子,如来是无量的。」
Tatiyampi kho āyasmā ānando bhagavantaṃ etadavoca – ‘‘sammukhāmetaṃ, bhante, bhagavato sutaṃ sammukhā paṭiggahitaṃ – ‘bhagavato, ānanda, sikhissa abhibhū nāma sāvako brahmaloke ṭhito sahassilokadhātuṃ sarena viññāpesī’ti. Bhagavā pana, bhante, arahaṃ sammāsambuddho kīvatakaṃ pahoti sarena viññāpetu’’nti? ‘‘Sutā te, ānanda, sahassī cūḷanikā lokadhātū’’ti? ‘‘Etassa, bhagavā, kālo; etassa, sugata, kālo! Yaṃ bhagavā bhāseyya. Bhagavato sutvā bhikkhū dhāressantī’’ti. ‘‘Tenahānanda, suṇāhi sādhukaṃ manasi karohi, bhāsissāmī’’ti. ‘‘Evaṃ, bhante’’ti kho āyasmā ānando bhagavato paccassosi. Bhagavā etadavoca –
具寿阿难第三次对世尊这样说:「尊者,我从世尊面前听闻、从世尊面前领受:『阿难,世尊西奇的名叫阿毗浮的弟子,站在梵天界,以声音使千世界界知晓。』尊者,那么世尊、阿拉汉、正等正觉者能以声音使多少知晓呢?」「阿难,你听过小千世界界吗?」「世尊,现在正是时候;善逝,现在正是时候!愿世尊说!诸比库听闻世尊之后将忆持。」「那么,阿难,你听!你要好好作意,我将说。」「是的,尊者。」具寿阿难回答世尊。世尊这样说:—
‘‘Yāvatā, ānanda, candimasūriyā pariharanti, disā bhanti virocanā, tāva sahassadhā loko. Tasmiṃ sahassadhā loke sahassaṃ candānaṃ, sahassaṃ sūriyānaṃ, sahassaṃ sinerupabbatarājānaṃ, sahassaṃ jambudīpānaṃ, sahassaṃ aparagoyānānaṃ, sahassaṃ uttarakurūnaṃ, sahassaṃ pubbavidehānaṃ, cattāri mahāsamuddasahassāni, cattāri mahārājasahassāni, sahassaṃ cātumahārājikānaṃ, sahassaṃ tāvatiṃsānaṃ , sahassaṃ yāmānaṃ , sahassaṃ tusitānaṃ, sahassaṃ nimmānaratīnaṃ, sahassaṃ paranimmitavasavattīnaṃ, sahassaṃ brahmalokānaṃ – ayaṃ vuccatānanda, sahassī cūḷanikā lokadhātu.
「阿难,凡是日月运行、照耀诸方之处,如此千倍为世界。在那千倍世界中,有千个月、千个太阳、千个须弥山王、千个阎浮提、千个阿巴拉勾亚那、千个郁单越、千个东毗提诃、四千大海、四千大王、千个四大王天、千个三十三天、千个夜摩天、千个兜率天、千个化乐天、千个他化自在天、千个梵天界—阿难,这被称为小千世界界。
‘‘Yāvatānanda , sahassī cūḷanikā lokadhātu tāva sahassadhā loko. Ayaṃ vuccatānanda, dvisahassī majjhimikā lokadhātu.
「阿难,凡是小千世界界之处,如此千倍为世界。阿难,这被称为中千世界界。
‘‘Yāvatānanda, dvisahassī majjhimikā lokadhātu tāva sahassadhā loko. Ayaṃ vuccatānanda, tisahassī mahāsahassī lokadhātu.
「阿难,凡是中千世界界之处,如此千倍为世界。阿难,这被称为三千大千世界界。
‘‘Ākaṅkhamāno, ānanda, tathāgato tisahassimahāsahassilokadhātuṃ sarena viññāpeyya, yāvatā pana ākaṅkheyyā’’ti.
「阿难,如来若愿意,能以声音使三千大千世界界知晓,乃至他所愿意之处。」
‘‘Yathā kathaṃ pana, bhante, bhagavā tisahassimahāsahassilokadhātuṃ sarena viññāpeyya, yāvatā pana ākaṅkheyyā’’ti? ‘‘Idhānanda, tathāgato tisahassimahāsahassilokadhātuṃ obhāsena phareyya. Yadā te sattā taṃ ālokaṃ sañjāneyyuṃ, atha tathāgato ghosaṃ kareyya saddamanussāveyya. Evaṃ kho, ānanda, tathāgato tisahassimahāsahassilokadhātuṃ sarena viññāpeyya, yāvatā pana ākaṅkheyyā’’ti.
「尊者,那么世尊如何能以声音使三千大千世界界知晓,乃至他所愿意之处呢?」「阿难,在此,如来以光遍满三千大千世界界。当那些众生感知那光明时,那时如来发出声音、使声音被听闻。阿难,如来如此能以声音使三千大千世界界知晓,乃至他所愿意之处。」
Evaṃ vutte āyasmā ānando (āyasmantaṃ udāyiṃ) etadavoca – ‘‘lābhā vata me, suladdhaṃ vata me, yassa me satthā evaṃmahiddhiko evaṃmahānubhāvo’’ti. Evaṃ vutte āyasmā udāyī āyasmantaṃ ānandaṃ etadavoca – ‘‘kiṃ tuyhettha, āvuso ānanda, yadi te satthā evaṃmahiddhiko evaṃmahānubhāvo’’ti? Evaṃ vutte bhagavā āyasmantaṃ udāyiṃ etadavoca – ‘‘mā hevaṃ, udāyi, mā hevaṃ, udāyi. Sace, udāyi, ānando avītarāgo kālaṃ kareyya, tena cittappasādena sattakkhattuṃ devesu devarajjaṃ kāreyya, sattakkhattuṃ imasmiṃyeva jambudīpe mahārajjaṃ kāreyya. Api ca, udāyi, ānando diṭṭheva dhamme parinibbāyissatī’’ti. Dasamaṃ.
如是说时,具寿阿难对(具寿伍达夷)这样说:「我实在是得利了,我实在是善得了,我的导师有如此大神通、如此大威力。」如是说时,具寿伍达夷对具寿阿难这样说:「贤友阿难,如果你的导师有如此大神通、如此大威力,这对你有什么关系呢?」如是说时,世尊对具寿伍达夷这样说:「伍达夷,不要这样,伍达夷,不要这样。伍达夷,如果阿难未离贪而命终,以那心净信,他会七次在诸天中作天王,七次在此阎浮提作大王。然而,伍达夷,阿难将于现法般涅槃。」第十经。
Ānandavaggo tatiyo. · 阿难品第三
Tassuddānaṃ –
其摄颂:
Channo ājīvako sakko, nigaṇṭho ca nivesako;
阐诺、邪命外道、萨咖,尼干陀及尼韦萨咖;
Duve bhavā sīlabbataṃ, gandhajātañca cūḷanīti.
二有、戒禁,香生及小经。