3. Puggalavaggo3. 补特伽罗品
3. Puggalavaggo3. 补特伽罗品
1. Samiddhasuttaṃ1. 萨弥德经
§21
Evaṃ me sutaṃ – ekaṃ samayaṃ bhagavā sāvatthiyaṃ viharati jetavane anāthapiṇḍikassa ārāme. Atha kho āyasmā ca samiddho āyasmā ca mahākoṭṭhiko yenāyasmā sāriputto tenupasaṅkamiṃsu; upasaṅkamitvā āyasmatā sāriputtena saddhiṃ sammodiṃsu. Sammodanīyaṃ kathaṃ sāraṇīyaṃ vītisāretvā ekamantaṃ nisīdiṃsu. Ekamantaṃ nisinnaṃ kho āyasmantaṃ samiddhaṃ āyasmā sāriputto etadavoca –
如是我闻——一时,世尊住在沙瓦提城揭德林给孤独园。那时,具寿三弥德和具寿大拘絺罗前往具寿沙利子处;抵达后,与具寿沙利子互相问候。交换了友好、值得忆念的交谈后,在一旁坐下。在一旁坐下后,具寿沙利子对具寿三弥德如此说——
‘‘Tayome, āvuso samiddha, puggalā santo saṃvijjamānā lokasmiṃ. Katame tayo? Kāyasakkhī, diṭṭhippatto , saddhāvimutto. Ime kho, āvuso, tayo puggalā santo saṃvijjamānā lokasmiṃ. Imesaṃ, āvuso, tiṇṇaṃ puggalānaṃ katamo te puggalo khamati abhikkantataro ca paṇītataro cā’’ti?
「贤友三弥德,这三种补特伽罗存在、可见于世间。哪三种?身证者、见至者、信解脱者。贤友,这三种补特伽罗存在、可见于世间。贤友,这三种补特伽罗中,哪一种补特伽罗你认为更殊胜、更优越?」
‘‘Tayome, āvuso sāriputta, puggalā santo saṃvijjamānā lokasmiṃ. Katame tayo? Kāyasakkhī, diṭṭhippatto, saddhāvimutto. Ime kho, āvuso, tayo puggalā santo saṃvijjamānā lokasmiṃ. Imesaṃ, āvuso, tiṇṇaṃ puggalānaṃ yvāyaṃ puggalo saddhāvimutto, ayaṃ me puggalo khamati imesaṃ tiṇṇaṃ puggalānaṃ abhikkantataro ca paṇītataro ca. Taṃ kissa hetu? Imassa, āvuso, puggalassa saddhindriyaṃ adhimatta’’nti.
「贤友沙利子,这三种补特伽罗存在、可见于世间。哪三种?身证者、见至者、信解脱者。贤友,这三种补特伽罗存在、可见于世间。贤友,这三种补特伽罗中,凡是信解脱者,这种补特伽罗我认为在这三种补特伽罗中更殊胜、更优越。那是什么原因?贤友,这种补特伽罗的信根最强。」
Atha kho āyasmā sāriputto āyasmantaṃ mahākoṭṭhikaṃ etadavoca – ‘‘tayome, āvuso koṭṭhika, puggalā santo saṃvijjamānā lokasmiṃ . Katame tayo? Kāyasakkhī, diṭṭhippatto, saddhāvimutto. Ime kho, āvuso, tayo puggalā santo saṃvijjamānā lokasmiṃ. Imesaṃ , āvuso, tiṇṇaṃ puggalānaṃ katamo te puggalo khamati abhikkantataro ca paṇītataro cā’’ti?
那时,具寿沙利子对具寿大拘絺罗如此说——「贤友拘絺罗,这三种补特伽罗存在、可见于世间。哪三种?身证者、见至者、信解脱者。贤友,这三种补特伽罗存在、可见于世间。贤友,这三种补特伽罗中,哪一种补特伽罗你认为更殊胜、更优越?」
‘‘Tayome , āvuso sāriputta, puggalā santo saṃvijjamānā lokasmiṃ. Katame tayo? Kāyasakkhī, diṭṭhippatto, saddhāvimutto. Ime kho, āvuso, tayo puggalā santo saṃvijjamānā lokasmiṃ. Imesaṃ, āvuso, tiṇṇaṃ puggalānaṃ yvāyaṃ puggalo kāyasakkhī, ayaṃ me puggalo khamati imesaṃ tiṇṇaṃ puggalānaṃ abhikkantataro ca paṇītataro ca. Taṃ kissa hetu? Imassa, āvuso, puggalassa samādhindriyaṃ adhimatta’’nti.
「贤友沙利子,这三种补特伽罗存在、可见于世间。哪三种?身证者、见至者、信解脱者。贤友,这三种补特伽罗存在、可见于世间。贤友,这三种补特伽罗中,凡是身证者,这种补特伽罗我认为在这三种补特伽罗中更殊胜、更优越。那是什么原因?贤友,这种补特伽罗的定根最强。」
Atha kho āyasmā mahākoṭṭhiko āyasmantaṃ sāriputtaṃ etadavoca – ‘‘tayome, āvuso sāriputta, puggalā santo saṃvijjamānā lokasmiṃ. Katame tayo? Kāyasakkhī , diṭṭhippatto, saddhāvimutto. Ime kho, āvuso, tayo puggalā santo saṃvijjamānā lokasmiṃ. Imesaṃ, āvuso, tiṇṇaṃ puggalānaṃ katamo te puggalo khamati abhikkantataro ca paṇītataro cā’’ti?
那时,具寿大拘絺罗对具寿沙利子如此说——「贤友沙利子,这三种补特伽罗存在、可见于世间。哪三种?身证者、见至者、信解脱者。贤友,这三种补特伽罗存在、可见于世间。贤友,这三种补特伽罗中,哪一种补特伽罗你认为更殊胜、更优越?」
‘‘Tayome, āvuso koṭṭhika, puggalā santo saṃvijjamānā lokasmiṃ. Katame tayo? Kāyasakkhī, diṭṭhippatto, saddhāvimutto. Ime kho, āvuso, tayo puggalā santo saṃvijjamānā lokasmiṃ. Imesaṃ, āvuso, tiṇṇaṃ puggalānaṃ yvāyaṃ puggalo diṭṭhippatto, ayaṃ me puggalo khamati imesaṃ tiṇṇaṃ puggalānaṃ abhikkantataro ca paṇītataro ca. Taṃ kissa hetu? Imassa, āvuso, puggalassa paññindriyaṃ adhimatta’’nti.
「贤友拘絺罗,这三种补特伽罗存在、可见于世间。哪三种?身证者、见至者、信解脱者。贤友,这三种补特伽罗存在、可见于世间。贤友,这三种补特伽罗中,凡是见至者,这种补特伽罗我认为在这三种补特伽罗中更殊胜、更优越。那是什么原因?贤友,这种补特伽罗的慧根最强。」
Atha kho āyasmā sāriputto āyasmantañca samiddhaṃ āyasmantañca mahākoṭṭhikaṃ etadavoca – ‘‘byākataṃ kho, āvuso, amhehi sabbeheva yathāsakaṃ paṭibhānaṃ. Āyāmāvuso, yena bhagavā tenupasaṅkamissāma; upasaṅkamitvā bhagavato etamatthaṃ ārocessāma. Yathā no bhagavā byākarissati tathā naṃ dhāressāmā’’ti. ‘‘Evamāvuso’’ti kho āyasmā ca samiddho āyasmā ca mahākoṭṭhiko āyasmato sāriputtassa paccassosuṃ. Atha kho āyasmā ca sāriputto āyasmā ca samiddho āyasmā ca mahākoṭṭhiko yena bhagavā tenupasaṅkamiṃsu; upasaṅkamitvā bhagavantaṃ abhivādetvā ekamantaṃ nisīdiṃsu. Ekamantaṃ nisinno kho āyasmā sāriputto yāvatako ahosi āyasmatā ca samiddhena āyasmatā ca mahākoṭṭhikena saddhiṃ kathāsallāpo taṃ sabbaṃ bhagavato ārocesi.
那时,具寿沙利子对具寿三弥德和具寿大拘絺罗如此说——「贤友们,我们所有人都已各自依照自己的辩才分别论了。贤友们,来吧,我们前往世尊处;抵达后,将此事禀告世尊。世尊如何分别论,我们就如此受持。」「是的,贤友。」具寿三弥德和具寿大拘絺罗回答具寿沙利子。那时,具寿沙利子、具寿三弥德和具寿大拘絺罗前往世尊处;抵达后,礼敬世尊,在一旁坐下。在一旁坐下后,具寿沙利子将与具寿三弥德和具寿大拘絺罗之间的全部对话禀告世尊。
‘‘Na khvettha, sāriputta, sukaraṃ ekaṃsena byākātuṃ – ‘ayaṃ imesaṃ tiṇṇaṃ puggalānaṃ abhikkantataro ca paṇītataro cā’ti. Ṭhānañhetaṃ, sāriputta, vijjati yvāyaṃ puggalo saddhāvimutto svāssa arahattāya paṭipanno, yvāyaṃ puggalo kāyasakkhī svāssa sakadāgāmī vā anāgāmī vā, yo cāyaṃ puggalo diṭṭhippatto sopassa sakadāgāmī vā anāgāmī vā.
「然而,沙利子,在此不容易一向地解答:『此人比这三种人更殊胜、更优越。』沙利子,这是可能的:这位信解脱者,他正在行道趣向阿拉汉果;这位身证者,他是一来者或不来者;而这位见至者,他是一来者或不来者。」
‘‘Na khvettha, sāriputta, sukaraṃ ekaṃsena byākātuṃ – ‘ayaṃ imesaṃ tiṇṇaṃ puggalānaṃ abhikkantataro ca paṇītataro cā’ti. Ṭhānañhetaṃ, sāriputta, vijjati yvāyaṃ puggalo kāyasakkhī svāssa arahattāya paṭipanno, yvāyaṃ puggalo saddhāvimutto svāssa sakadāgāmī vā anāgāmī vā, yo cāyaṃ puggalo diṭṭhippatto sopassa sakadāgāmī vā anāgāmī vā.
「然而,沙利子,在此不容易一向地解答:『此人比这三种人更殊胜、更优越。』沙利子,这是可能的:这位身证者,他正在行道趣向阿拉汉果;这位信解脱者,他是一来者或不来者;而这位见至者,他是一来者或不来者。」
‘‘Na khvettha, sāriputta, sukaraṃ ekaṃsena byākātuṃ – ‘ayaṃ imesaṃ tiṇṇaṃ puggalānaṃ abhikkantataro ca paṇītataro cā’ti. Ṭhānañhetaṃ, sāriputta, vijjati yvāyaṃ puggalo diṭṭhippatto svāssa arahattāya paṭipanno, yvāyaṃ puggalo saddhāvimutto svāssa sakadāgāmī vā anāgāmī vā, yo cāyaṃ puggalo kāyasakkhī sopassa sakadāgāmī vā anāgāmī vā.
「然而,沙利子,在此不容易一向地解答:『此人比这三种人更殊胜、更优越。』沙利子,这是可能的:这位见至者,他正在行道趣向阿拉汉果;这位信解脱者,他是一来者或不来者;而这位身证者,他是一来者或不来者。」
‘‘Na khvettha, sāriputta, sukaraṃ ekaṃsena byākātuṃ – ‘ayaṃ imesaṃ tiṇṇaṃ puggalānaṃ abhikkantataro ca paṇītataro cā’’’ti. Paṭhamaṃ.
「然而,沙利子,在此不容易一向地解答:『此人比这三种人更殊胜、更优越。』」第一经。
2. Gilānasuttaṃ2. 病人经
§22
‘‘Tayome, bhikkhave, gilānā santo saṃvijjamānā lokasmiṃ. Katame tayo? Idha, bhikkhave, ekacco gilāno labhanto vā sappāyāni bhojanāni alabhanto vā sappāyāni bhojanāni, labhanto vā sappāyāni bhesajjāni alabhanto vā sappāyāni bhesajjāni, labhanto vā patirūpaṃ upaṭṭhākaṃ alabhanto vā patirūpaṃ upaṭṭhākaṃ neva vuṭṭhāti tamhā ābādhā.
「诸比库,这三种病人存在、出现于世间。哪三种?诸比库,于此,某位病人无论获得或不获得适宜的食物,无论获得或不获得适宜的药物,无论获得或不获得适当的看护者,都不能从那个疾病痊愈。
‘‘Idha pana, bhikkhave, ekacco gilāno labhanto vā sappāyāni bhojanāni alabhanto vā sappāyāni bhojanāni, labhanto vā sappāyāni bhesajjāni alabhanto vā sappāyāni bhesajjāni , labhanto vā patirūpaṃ upaṭṭhākaṃ alabhanto vā patirūpaṃ upaṭṭhākaṃ vuṭṭhāti tamhā ābādhā.
「然而,诸比库,某位病人无论获得或不获得适宜的食物,无论获得或不获得适宜的药物,无论获得或不获得适当的看护者,都能从那个疾病痊愈。
‘‘Idha pana, bhikkhave, ekacco gilāno labhantova sappāyāni bhojanāni no alabhanto, labhantova sappāyāni bhesajjāni no alabhanto, labhantova patirūpaṃ upaṭṭhākaṃ no alabhanto vuṭṭhāti tamhā ābādhā.
「然而,诸比库,某位病人只有获得适宜的食物才能痊愈,不获得则不能;只有获得适宜的药物才能痊愈,不获得则不能;只有获得适当的看护者才能痊愈,不获得则不能,他从那个疾病痊愈。
‘‘Tatra, bhikkhave, yvāyaṃ gilāno labhantova sappāyāni bhojanāni no alabhanto, labhantova sappāyāni bhesajjāni no alabhanto, labhantova patirūpaṃ upaṭṭhākaṃ no alabhanto vuṭṭhāti tamhā ābādhā, imaṃ kho, bhikkhave, gilānaṃ paṭicca gilānabhattaṃ anuññātaṃ gilānabhesajjaṃ anuññātaṃ gilānupaṭṭhāko anuññāto. Imañca pana, bhikkhave, gilānaṃ paṭicca aññepi gilānā upaṭṭhātabbā. Ime kho, bhikkhave, tayo gilānā santo saṃvijjamānā lokasmiṃ.
「诸比库,在那里,这位病人只有获得适宜的食物才能痊愈,不获得则不能;只有获得适宜的药物才能痊愈,不获得则不能;只有获得适当的看护者才能痊愈,不获得则不能,他从那个疾病痊愈。诸比库,因为这位病人,病人食被允许,病人药被允许,病人看护者被允许。然而,诸比库,因为这位病人,其他的病人也应当被看护。诸比库,这三种病人存在、出现于世间。」
‘‘Evamevaṃ kho, bhikkhave, tayome gilānūpamā puggalā santo saṃvijjamānā lokasmiṃ. Katame tayo? Idha, bhikkhave, ekacco puggalo labhanto vā tathāgataṃ dassanāya alabhanto vā tathāgataṃ dassanāya, labhanto vā tathāgatappaveditaṃ dhammavinayaṃ savanāya alabhanto vā tathāgatappaveditaṃ dhammavinayaṃ savanāya neva okkamati niyāmaṃ kusalesu dhammesu sammattaṃ.
「诸比库!同样地,这三种如病人之譬喻的补特伽罗存在、可见于世间。哪三种?诸比库!此处,某补特伽罗无论得见如来或不得见如来,无论得闻如来所宣说的法与律或不得闻如来所宣说的法与律,都不趣入于善法中的决定正性。
‘‘Idha, pana, bhikkhave, ekacco puggalo labhanto vā tathāgataṃ dassanāya alabhanto vā tathāgataṃ dassanāya, labhanto vā tathāgatappaveditaṃ dhammavinayaṃ savanāya alabhanto vā tathāgatappaveditaṃ dhammavinayaṃ savanāya okkamati niyāmaṃ kusalesu dhammesu sammattaṃ.
「诸比库!然而此处,某补特伽罗无论得见如来或不得见如来,无论得闻如来所宣说的法与律或不得闻如来所宣说的法与律,都趣入于善法中的决定正性。
‘‘Idha pana, bhikkhave, ekacco puggalo labhantova tathāgataṃ dassanāya no alabhanto, labhantova tathāgatappaveditaṃ dhammavinayaṃ savanāya no alabhanto okkamati niyāmaṃ kusalesu dhammesu sammattaṃ.
「诸比库!然而此处,某补特伽罗唯有得见如来而非不得见,唯有得闻如来所宣说的法与律而非不得闻,才趣入于善法中的决定正性。
‘‘Tatra , bhikkhave, yvāyaṃ puggalo labhantova tathāgataṃ dassanāya no alabhanto, labhantova tathāgatappaveditaṃ dhammavinayaṃ savanāya no alabhanto okkamati niyāmaṃ kusalesu dhammesu sammattaṃ, imaṃ kho bhikkhave, puggalaṃ paṭicca dhammadesanā anuññātā. Imañca pana, bhikkhave, puggalaṃ paṭicca aññesampi dhammo desetabbo. ‘‘Ime kho, bhikkhave, tayo gilānūpamā puggalā santo saṃvijjamānā lokasmi’’nti. Dutiyaṃ.
「诸比库!于此,凡那位补特伽罗唯有得见如来而非不得见,唯有得闻如来所宣说的法与律而非不得闻,才趣入于善法中的决定正性,诸比库!缘于这位补特伽罗,说法被允许。诸比库!而且缘于这位补特伽罗,也应当对其他人说法。诸比库!这三种如病人之譬喻的补特伽罗存在、可见于世间。」第二经。
3. Saṅkhārasuttaṃ3. 诸行经
§23
‘‘Tayome, bhikkhave, puggalā santo saṃvijjamānā lokasmiṃ. Katame tayo? Idha, bhikkhave, ekacco puggalo sabyābajjhaṃ kāyasaṅkhāraṃ abhisaṅkharoti, sabyābajjhaṃ vacīsaṅkhāraṃ abhisaṅkharoti, sabyābajjhaṃ manosaṅkhāraṃ abhisaṅkharoti. So sabyābajjhaṃ kāyasaṅkhāraṃ abhisaṅkharitvā, sabyābajjhaṃ vacīsaṅkhāraṃ abhisaṅkharitvā, sabyābajjhaṃ manosaṅkhāraṃ abhisaṅkharitvā sabyābajjhaṃ lokaṃ upapajjati. Tamenaṃ sabyābajjhaṃ lokaṃ upapannaṃ samānaṃ sabyābajjhā phassā phusanti. So sabyābajjhehi phassehi phuṭṭho samāno sabyābajjhaṃ vedanaṃ vedayati ekantadukkhaṃ, seyyathāpi sattā nerayikā.
「诸比库!这三种补特伽罗存在、可见于世间。哪三种?诸比库!此处,某补特伽罗造作有害的身行,造作有害的语行,造作有害的意行。他造作了有害的身行,造作了有害的语行,造作了有害的意行之后,投生到有害的世间。当他投生到有害的世间时,有害的诸触触到他。当他被有害的诸触所触时,他感受有害的受,纯一之苦,犹如地狱的诸有情。
‘‘Idha pana, bhikkhave, ekacco puggalo abyābajjhaṃ kāyasaṅkhāraṃ abhisaṅkharoti, abyābajjhaṃ vacīsaṅkhāraṃ abhisaṅkharoti, abyābajjhaṃ manosaṅkhāraṃ abhisaṅkharoti. So abyābajjhaṃ kāyasaṅkhāraṃ abhisaṅkharitvā, abyābajjhaṃ vacīsaṅkhāraṃ abhisaṅkharitvā, abyābajjhaṃ manosaṅkhāraṃ abhisaṅkharitvā abyābajjhaṃ lokaṃ upapajjati. Tamenaṃ abyābajjhaṃ lokaṃ upapannaṃ samānaṃ abyābajjhā phassā phusanti. So abyābajjhehi phassehi phuṭṭho samāno abyābajjhaṃ vedanaṃ vedayati ekantasukhaṃ, seyyathāpi devā subhakiṇhā.
「诸比库!然而此处,某补特伽罗造作无害的身行,造作无害的语行,造作无害的意行。他造作了无害的身行,造作了无害的语行,造作了无害的意行之后,投生到无害的世间。当他投生到无害的世间时,无害的诸触触到他。当他被无害的诸触所触时,他感受无害的受,纯一之乐,犹如遍净天。
‘‘Idha pana, bhikkhave, ekacco puggalo sabyābajjhampi abyābajjhampi kāyasaṅkhāraṃ abhisaṅkharoti, sabyābajjhampi abyābajjhampi vacīsaṅkhāraṃ abhisaṅkharoti, sabyābajjhampi abyābajjhampi manosaṅkhāraṃ abhisaṅkharoti. So sabyābajjhampi abyābajjhampi kāyasaṅkhāraṃ abhisaṅkharitvā, sabyābajjhampi abyābajjhampi vacīsaṅkhāraṃ abhisaṅkharitvā, sabyābajjhampi abyābajjhampi manosaṅkhāraṃ abhisaṅkharitvā sabyābajjhampi abyābajjhampi lokaṃ upapajjati. Tamenaṃ sabyābajjhampi abyābajjhampi lokaṃ upapannaṃ samānaṃ sabyābajjhāpi abyābajjhāpi phassā phusanti. So sabyābajjhehipi abyābajjhehipi phassehi phuṭṭho samāno sabyābajjhampi abyābajjhampi vedanaṃ vedayati vokiṇṇasukhadukkhaṃ, seyyathāpi manussā ekacce ca devā ekacce ca vinipātikā. Ime kho, bhikkhave, tayo puggalā santo saṃvijjamānā lokasmi’’nti. Tatiyaṃ.
「诸比库!然而此处,某补特伽罗造作有害与无害的身行,造作有害与无害的语行,造作有害与无害的意行。他造作了有害与无害的身行,造作了有害与无害的语行,造作了有害与无害的意行之后,投生到有害与无害的世间。当他投生到有害与无害的世间时,有害与无害的诸触触到他。当他被有害与无害的诸触所触时,他感受有害与无害的受,苦乐混杂,犹如人类、某些天人以及某些堕恶趣者。诸比库!这三种补特伽罗存在、可见于世间。」第三经。
4. Bahukārasuttaṃ4. 多作经
§24
‘‘Tayome , bhikkhave, puggalā puggalassa bahukārā. Katame tayo? Yaṃ, bhikkhave, puggalaṃ āgamma puggalo buddhaṃ saraṇaṃ gato hoti, dhammaṃ saraṇaṃ gato hoti, saṅghaṃ saraṇaṃ gato hoti; ayaṃ, bhikkhave, puggalo imassa puggalassa bahukāro.
「诸比库!这三种补特伽罗对补特伽罗有大助益。哪三种?诸比库!缘于某补特伽罗,补特伽罗归依了佛,归依了法,归依了僧团;诸比库!这位补特伽罗对这位补特伽罗有大助益。
‘‘Puna caparaṃ, bhikkhave, yaṃ puggalaṃ āgamma puggalo ‘idaṃ dukkha’nti yathābhūtaṃ pajānāti, ‘ayaṃ dukkhasamudayo’ti yathābhūtaṃ pajānāti, ‘ayaṃ dukkhanirodho’ti yathābhūtaṃ pajānāti, ‘ayaṃ dukkhanirodhagāminī paṭipadā’ti yathābhūtaṃ pajānāti; ayaṃ, bhikkhave, puggalo imassa puggalassa bahukāro.
「再者,诸比库!依止某人,某人如实了知『这是苦』,如实了知『这是苦集』,如实了知『这是苦灭』,如实了知『这是导向苦灭之道』;诸比库!这个人对这个人有大助益。
‘‘Puna caparaṃ, bhikkhave, yaṃ puggalaṃ āgamma puggalo āsavānaṃ khayā anāsavaṃ cetovimuttiṃ paññāvimuttiṃ diṭṭheva dhamme sayaṃ abhiññā sacchikatvā upasampajja viharati; ayaṃ, bhikkhave, puggalo imassa puggalassa bahukāro. Ime kho, bhikkhave, tayo puggalā puggalassa bahukārā.
「再者,诸比库!依止某人,某人以诸漏尽,于现法自己以证智作证、具足住于无漏之心解脱、慧解脱;诸比库!这个人对这个人有大助益。诸比库!这三种人对某人有大助益。
‘‘Imehi ca pana, bhikkhave, tīhi puggalehi imassa puggalassa natthañño puggalo bahukāroti vadāmi. Imesaṃ pana, bhikkhave, tiṇṇaṃ puggalānaṃ iminā puggalena na suppatikāraṃ vadāmi, yadidaṃ abhivādanapaccuṭṭhānaañjalikammasāmīcikammacīvarapiṇḍapātasenāsana-gilānapaccayabhesajjaparikkhārānuppadānenā’’ti. Catutthaṃ.
「诸比库!然而,我说除了这三种人之外,没有其他人对这个人有更大助益。诸比库!然而,我说这个人对这三种人无法充分报答,即使以礼敬、起迎、合掌、恭敬行、供养衣、食、住所、病者所需之医药资具。」第四经。
5. Vajirūpamasuttaṃ5. 金刚喻经
§25
‘‘Tayome , bhikkhave, puggalā santo saṃvijjamānā lokasmiṃ . Katame tayo? Arukūpamacitto puggalo, vijjūpamacitto puggalo, vajirūpamacitto puggalo. Katamo ca, bhikkhave, arukūpamacitto puggalo? Idha, bhikkhave, ekacco puggalo kodhano hoti upāyāsabahulo appampi vutto samāno abhisajjati kuppati byāpajjati patitthīyati kopañca dosañca appaccayañca pātukaroti. Seyyathāpi, bhikkhave, duṭṭhāruko kaṭṭhena vā kaṭhalāya vā ghaṭṭito bhiyyosomattāya āsavaṃ deti ; evamevaṃ kho, bhikkhave, idhekacco puggalo kodhano hoti upāyāsabahulo appampi vutto samāno abhisajjati kuppati byāpajjati patitthīyati kopañca dosañca appaccayañca pātukaroti. Ayaṃ vuccati, bhikkhave, arukūpamacitto puggalo.
「诸比库!这三种人存在、出现于世间。哪三种?心如疮口之人、心如闪电之人、心如金刚之人。诸比库!什么是心如疮口之人?诸比库!这里,某人易怒、多忧恼,即使被说少许,也会激怒、愤怒、嗔恚、固执,显现忿怒、嗔恨、不满。诸比库!犹如恶疮口,被木棍或瓦片触碰,会流出更多脓液;同样地,诸比库!这里某人易怒、多忧恼,即使被说少许,也会激怒、愤怒、嗔恚、固执,显现忿怒、嗔恨、不满。诸比库!这被称为心如疮口之人。
‘‘Katamo ca, bhikkhave, vijjūpamacitto puggalo? Idha, bhikkhave, ekacco puggalo ‘idaṃ dukkha’nti yathābhūtaṃ pajānāti, ‘ayaṃ dukkhasamudayo’ti yathābhūtaṃ pajānāti, ‘ayaṃ dukkhanirodho’ti yathābhūtaṃ pajānāti, ‘ayaṃ dukkhanirodhagāminī paṭipadā’ti yathābhūtaṃ pajānāti. Seyyathāpi bhikkhave, cakkhumā puriso rattandhakāratimisāyaṃ vijjantarikāya rūpāni passeyya; evamevaṃ kho, bhikkhave, idhekacco puggalo ‘idaṃ dukkha’nti yathābhūtaṃ pajānāti…pe… ‘ayaṃ dukkhanirodhagāminī paṭipadā’ti yathābhūtaṃ pajānāti. Ayaṃ vuccati, bhikkhave, vijjūpamacitto puggalo.
「诸比库!什么是心如闪电之人?诸比库!这里,某人如实了知『这是苦』,如实了知『这是苦集』,如实了知『这是苦灭』,如实了知『这是导向苦灭之道』。诸比库!犹如有眼之人在夜晚黑暗中,以闪电之光见到诸色;同样地,诸比库!这里某人如实了知『这是苦』……如实了知『这是导向苦灭之道』。诸比库!这被称为心如闪电之人。
‘‘Katamo ca, bhikkhave, vajirūpamacitto puggalo? Idha, bhikkhave, ekacco puggalo āsavānaṃ khayā anāsavaṃ cetovimuttiṃ paññāvimuttiṃ diṭṭheva dhamme sayaṃ abhiññā sacchikatvā upasampajja viharati. Seyyathāpi, bhikkhave, vajirassa natthi kiñci abhejjaṃ maṇi vā pāsāṇo vā; evamevaṃ kho, bhikkhave, idhekacco puggalo āsavānaṃ khayā…pe… upasampajja viharati. Ayaṃ vuccati, bhikkhave, vajirūpamacitto puggalo. ‘Ime kho, bhikkhave, tayo puggalā santo saṃvijjamānā lokasmi’’’nti . Pañcamaṃ.
「诸比库!什么是心如金刚之人?诸比库!这里,某人以诸漏尽,于现法自己以证智作证、具足住于无漏之心解脱、慧解脱。诸比库!犹如金刚,没有任何宝石或石头不能被它击破;同样地,诸比库!这里某人以诸漏尽……具足住。诸比库!这被称为心如金刚之人。诸比库!这三种人存在、出现于世间。」第五经。
6. Sevitabbasuttaṃ6. 应亲近经
§26
‘‘Tayome , bhikkhave, puggalā santo saṃvijjamānā lokasmiṃ. Katame tayo? Atthi, bhikkhave, puggalo na sevitabbo na bhajitabbo na payirupāsitabbo. Atthi, bhikkhave, puggalo sevitabbo bhajitabbo payirupāsitabbo. Atthi, bhikkhave, puggalo sakkatvā garuṃ katvā sevitabbo bhajitabbo payirupāsitabbo. Katamo ca, bhikkhave, puggalo na sevitabbo na bhajitabbo na payirupāsitabbo? Idha, bhikkhave, ekacco puggalo hīno hoti sīlena samādhinā paññāya. Evarūpo, bhikkhave, puggalo na sevitabbo na bhajitabbo na payirupāsitabbo aññatra anuddayā aññatra anukampā.
「诸比库!这三种人存在、出现于世间。哪三种?诸比库!有不应亲近、不应交往、不应须跋之人。诸比库!有应亲近、应交往、应须跋之人。诸比库!有应恭敬、尊重而亲近、交往、须跋之人。诸比库!什么是不应亲近、不应交往、不应须跋之人?诸比库!这里,某人在戒、定、慧方面低劣。诸比库!这样的人不应亲近、不应交往、不应须跋,除了出于怜悯、出于悲愍。
‘‘Katamo ca, bhikkhave, puggalo sevitabbo bhajitabbo payirupāsitabbo? Idha, bhikkhave, ekacco puggalo sadiso hoti sīlena samādhinā paññāya. Evarūpo, bhikkhave, puggalo sevitabbo bhajitabbo payirupāsitabbo. Taṃ kissa hetu? Sīlasāmaññagatānaṃ sataṃ sīlakathā ca no bhavissati, sā ca no pavattinī bhavissati, sā ca no phāsu bhavissati. Samādhisāmaññagatānaṃ sataṃ samādhikathā ca no bhavissati, sā ca no pavattinī bhavissati, sā ca no phāsu bhavissati. Paññāsāmaññagatānaṃ sataṃ paññākathā ca no bhavissati, sā ca no pavattinī bhavissati, sā ca no phāsu bhavissatīti. Tasmā evarūpo puggalo sevitabbo bhajitabbo payirupāsitabbo.
「诸比库!什么是应亲近、应交往、应须跋之人?诸比库!这里,某人在戒、定、慧方面相等。诸比库!这样的人应亲近、应交往、应须跋。那是什么原因?『我们与戒相等之善士们将有戒的谈论,那对我们将是顺利的,那对我们将是安乐的。我们与定相等之善士们将有定的谈论,那对我们将是顺利的,那对我们将是安乐的。我们与慧相等之善士们将有慧的谈论,那对我们将是顺利的,那对我们将是安乐的。』因此,这样的人应亲近、应交往、应须跋。
‘‘Katamo ca, bhikkhave, puggalo sakkatvā garuṃ katvā sevitabbo bhajitabbo payirupāsitabbo? Idha, bhikkhave , ekacco puggalo adhiko hoti sīlena samādhinā paññāya. Evarūpo, bhikkhave, puggalo sakkatvā garuṃ katvā sevitabbo bhajitabbo payirupāsitabbo. Taṃ kissa hetu? Iti aparipūraṃ vā sīlakkhandhaṃ paripūressāmi, paripūraṃ vā sīlakkhandhaṃ tattha tattha paññāya anuggahessāmi; aparipūraṃ vā samādhikkhandhaṃ paripūressāmi, paripūraṃ vā samādhikkhandhaṃ tattha tattha paññāya anuggahessāmi; aparipūraṃ vā paññākkhandhaṃ paripūressāmi, paripūraṃ vā paññākkhandhaṃ tattha tattha paññāya anuggahessāmīti. Tasmā evarūpo puggalo sakkatvā garuṃ katvā sevitabbo bhajitabbo payirupāsitabbo. Ime kho, bhikkhave, tayo puggalā santo saṃvijjamānā lokasmi’’nti.
「诸比库,什么样的人应当恭敬、尊重、亲近、追随、须跋呢?诸比库,这里,某人在戒、定、慧方面更胜。诸比库,这样的人应当恭敬、尊重、亲近、追随、须跋。那是什么原因呢?『如此,我将圆满未圆满的戒蕴,或以慧在各处随护已圆满的戒蕴;我将圆满未圆满的定蕴,或以慧在各处随护已圆满的定蕴;我将圆满未圆满的慧蕴,或以慧在各处随护已圆满的慧蕴。』因此,这样的人应当恭敬、尊重、亲近、追随、须跋。诸比库,这三种人存在、出现于世间。」
‘‘Nihīyati puriso nihīnasevī,
「亲近下劣者,人会退堕,
Na ca hāyetha kadāci tulyasevī;
亲近同等者,永不衰退;
Seṭṭhamupanamaṃ udeti khippaṃ,
亲近最胜者,迅速上升,
Tasmā attano uttariṃ bhajethā’’ti. chaṭṭhaṃ;
因此应追随胜于自己者。」第六经
7. Jigucchitabbasuttaṃ7. 应厌恶经
§27
‘‘Tayome , bhikkhave, puggalā santo saṃvijjamānā lokasmiṃ. Katame tayo? Atthi, bhikkhave, puggalo jigucchitabbo na sevitabbo na bhajitabbo na payirupāsitabbo. Atthi, bhikkhave, puggalo ajjhupekkhitabbo na sevitabbo na bhajitabbo na payirupāsitabbo. Atthi, bhikkhave, puggalo sevitabbo bhajitabbo payirupāsitabbo. Katamo ca, bhikkhave, puggalo jigucchitabbo na sevitabbo na bhajitabbo na payirupāsitabbo? Idha , bhikkhave, ekacco puggalo dussīlo hoti pāpadhammo asuci saṅkassarasamācāro paṭicchannakammanto, assamaṇo samaṇapaṭiñño, abrahmacārī brahmacāripaṭiñño, antopūti avassuto kasambujāto. Evarūpo, bhikkhave, puggalo jigucchitabbo na sevitabbo na bhajitabbo na payirupāsitabbo. Taṃ kissa hetu? Kiñcāpi, bhikkhave, evarūpassa puggalassa na diṭṭhānugatiṃ āpajjati, atha kho naṃ pāpako kittisaddo abbhuggacchati – ‘pāpamitto purisapuggalo pāpasahāyo pāpasampavaṅko’ti. Seyyathāpi, bhikkhave, ahi gūthagato kiñcāpi na daṃsati , atha kho naṃ makkheti; evamevaṃ kho, bhikkhave, kiñcāpi evarūpassa puggalassa na diṭṭhānugatiṃ āpajjati, atha kho naṃ pāpako kittisaddo abbhuggacchati – ‘pāpamitto purisapuggalo pāpasahāyo pāpasampavaṅko’ti. Tasmā evarūpo puggalo jigucchitabbo na sevitabbo na bhajitabbo na payirupāsitabbo.
「诸比库,这三种人存在、出现于世间。哪三种呢?诸比库,有一种人应当厌恶,不应亲近、不应追随、不应须跋。诸比库,有一种人应当舍置,不应亲近、不应追随、不应须跋。诸比库,有一种人应当亲近、追随、须跋。诸比库,什么样的人应当厌恶,不应亲近、不应追随、不应须跋呢?诸比库,这里,某人破戒、恶法、须跋、行为可疑、覆藏所作、非沙门而自称沙门、非梵行者而自称梵行者、内部腐烂、漏泄、污秽所生。诸比库,这样的人应当厌恶,不应亲近、不应追随、不应须跋。那是什么原因呢?诸比库,即使不随顺这样的人的见,但恶名声会传出——『那人是恶友、恶伴、恶同伴』。诸比库,譬如落入粪中的蛇,即使不咬,也会弄脏;同样地,诸比库,即使不随顺这样的人的见,但恶名声会传出——『那人是恶友、恶伴、恶同伴』。因此,这样的人应当厌恶,不应亲近、不应追随、不应须跋。
‘‘Katamo ca, bhikkhave, puggalo ajjhupekkhitabbo na sevitabbo na bhajitabbo na payirupāsitabbo? Idha, bhikkhave, ekacco puggalo kodhano hoti upāyāsabahulo , appampi vutto samāno abhisajjati kuppati byāpajjati patitthīyati, kopañca dosañca appaccayañca pātukaroti. Seyyathāpi, bhikkhave, duṭṭhāruko kaṭṭhena vā kaṭhalāya vā ghaṭṭito bhiyyosomattāya āsavaṃ deti; evamevaṃ kho, bhikkhave…pe… seyyathāpi, bhikkhave, tindukālātaṃ kaṭṭhena vā kaṭhalāya vā ghaṭṭitaṃ bhiyyosomattāya cicciṭāyati ciṭiciṭāyati; evamevaṃ kho bhikkhave…pe… seyyathāpi, bhikkhave, gūthakūpo kaṭṭhena vā kaṭhalāya vā ghaṭṭito bhiyyosomattāya duggandho hoti; evamevaṃ kho, bhikkhave, idhekacco puggalo kodhano hoti upāyāsabahulo, appampi vutto samāno abhisajjati kuppati byāpajjati patitthīyati, kopañca dosañca appaccayañca pātukaroti. Evarūpo, bhikkhave, puggalo ajjhupekkhitabbo na sevitabbo na bhajitabbo na payirupāsitabbo. Taṃ kissa hetu? Akkoseyyapi maṃ paribhāseyyapi maṃ anatthampi maṃ kareyyāti. Tasmā evarūpo puggalo ajjhupekkhitabbo na sevitabbo na bhajitabbo na payirupāsitabbo.
「诸比库,什么样的人应当舍置,不应亲近、不应追随、不应须跋呢?诸比库,这里,某人易怒、多恼害,即使被说少许,也会愤怒、生气、嗔恨、固执,显示忿怒、嗔恨、不满。诸比库,譬如恶疮,被木棍或瓦片触碰,会流出更多脓液;同样地,诸比库……诸比库,譬如丁杜迦火把,被木棍或瓦片触碰,会更加劈啪作响;同样地,诸比库……诸比库,譬如粪坑,被木棍或瓦片触碰,会更加恶臭;同样地,诸比库,这里某人易怒、多恼害,即使被说少许,也会愤怒、生气、嗔恨、固执,显示忿怒、嗔恨、不满。诸比库,这样的人应当舍置,不应亲近、不应追随、不应须跋。那是什么原因呢?『他可能会辱骂我、诽谤我、对我作不利益』。因此,这样的人应当舍置,不应亲近、不应追随、不应须跋。
‘‘Katamo ca, bhikkhave, puggalo sevitabbo bhajitabbo payirupāsitabbo? Idha, bhikkhave, ekacco puggalo sīlavā hoti kalyāṇadhammo. Evarūpo, bhikkhave, puggalo sevitabbo bhajitabbo payirupāsitabbo. Taṃ kissa hetu? Kiñcāpi, bhikkhave, evarūpassa puggalassa na diṭṭhānugatiṃ āpajjati, atha kho naṃ kalyāṇo kittisaddo abbhuggacchati – ‘kalyāṇamitto purisapuggalo kalyāṇasahāyo kalyāṇasampavaṅko’ti. Tasmā evarūpo puggalo sevitabbo bhajitabbo payirupāsitabbo. ‘Ime kho, bhikkhave, tayo puggalā santo saṃvijjamānā lokasmi’’’nti.
「诸比库,什么样的人应当亲近、追随、须跋呢?诸比库,这里,某人持戒、善法。诸比库,这样的人应当亲近、追随、须跋。那是什么原因呢?诸比库,即使不随顺这样的人的见,但善名声会传出——『那人是善友、善伴、善同伴』。因此,这样的人应当亲近、追随、须跋。诸比库,这三种人存在、出现于世间。」
‘‘Nihīyati puriso nihīnasevī,
「亲近卑劣者，人会退堕，
Na ca hāyetha kadāci tulyasevī;
亲近同等者，永不衰退；
Seṭṭhamupanamaṃ udeti khippaṃ,
亲近最胜者，迅速提升，
Tasmā attano uttariṃ bhajethā’’ti. sattamaṃ;
因此应亲近胜于自己者。」第七经。
8. Gūthabhāṇīsuttaṃ8. 粪语者经
§28
‘‘Tayome, bhikkhave, puggalā santo saṃvijjamānā lokasmiṃ . Katame tayo? Gūthabhāṇī, pupphabhāṇī, madhubhāṇī. Katamo ca, bhikkhave, puggalo gūthabhāṇī? Idha, bhikkhave, ekacco puggalo sabhaggato vā parisaggato vā ñātimajjhagato vā pūgamajjhagato vā rājakulamajjhagato vā abhinīto sakkhipuṭṭho – ‘ehambho purisa, yaṃ jānāsi taṃ vadehī’ti. So ajānaṃ vā āha ‘jānāmī’ti, jānaṃ vā āha ‘na jānāmī’ti, apassaṃ vā āha ‘passāmī’ti, passaṃ vā āha ‘na passāmī’ti ; iti attahetu vā parahetu vā āmisakiñcikkhahetu vā sampajānamusā bhāsitā hoti. Ayaṃ vuccati, bhikkhave, puggalo gūthabhāṇī.
「诸比库！这三种人存在、出现于世间。哪三种？粪语者、花语者、蜜语者。诸比库！什么是粪语者？诸比库！这里，某人去到集会，或去到众中，或去到亲族中间，或去到团体中间，或去到王族中间，被带去作证人被询问——『喂，你这个人，你知道什么就说什么』，他不知道却说『我知道』，或知道却说『我不知道』，或没看见却说『我看见』，或看见了却说『我没看见』；如此，为了自己的缘故，或为了他人的缘故，或为了些微利养的缘故，他故意说妄语。诸比库！这称为粪语者。
‘‘Katamo ca, bhikkhave, puggalo pupphabhāṇī? Idha, bhikkhave, ekacco puggalo sabhaggato vā parisaggato vā ñātimajjhagato vā pūgamajjhagato vā rājakulamajjhagato vā abhinīto sakkhipuṭṭho – ‘ehambho purisa, yaṃ pajānāsi taṃ vadehī’ti, so ajānaṃ vā āha ‘na jānāmī’ti, jānaṃ vā āha ‘jānāmī’ti, apassaṃ vā āha ‘na passāmī’ti, passaṃ vā āha ‘passāmī’ti; iti attahetu vā parahetu vā āmisakiñcikkhahetu vā na sampajānamusā bhāsitā hoti. Ayaṃ vuccati, bhikkhave, puggalo pupphabhāṇī.
「诸比库！什么是花语者？诸比库！这里，某人去到集会，或去到众中，或去到亲族中间，或去到团体中间，或去到王族中间，被带去作证人被询问——『喂，你这个人，你了知什么就说什么』，他不知道就说『我不知道』，或知道就说『我知道』，或没看见就说『我没看见』，或看见了就说『我看见』；如此，为了自己的缘故，或为了他人的缘故，或为了些微利养的缘故，他不故意说妄语。诸比库！这称为花语者。
‘‘Katamo ca, bhikkhave, puggalo madhubhāṇī? Idha, bhikkhave, ekacco puggalo pharusaṃ vācaṃ pahāya pharusāya vācāya paṭivirato hoti; yā sā vācā nelā kaṇṇasukhā pemanīyā hadayaṅgamā porī bahujanakantā bahujanamanāpā tathārūpiṃ vācaṃ bhāsitā hoti. Ayaṃ vuccati, bhikkhave, puggalo madhubhāṇī. Ime kho, bhikkhave, tayo puggalā santo saṃvijjamānā lokasmi’’nti. Aṭṭhamaṃ.
「诸比库！什么是蜜语者？诸比库！这里，某人舍断粗恶语，离粗恶语；他说那样的语言——柔和的、悦耳的、可爱的、深入人心的、优雅的、众人喜爱的、众人可意的，他说这样的语言。诸比库！这称为蜜语者。诸比库！这三种人存在、出现于世间。」第八经。
9. Andhasuttaṃ9. 盲者经
§29
‘‘Tayome, bhikkhave, puggalā santo saṃvijjamānā lokasmiṃ. Katame tayo? Andho, ekacakkhu, dvicakkhu. Katamo ca, bhikkhave, puggalo andho? Idha, bhikkhave, ekaccassa puggalassa tathārūpaṃ cakkhu na hoti yathārūpena cakkhunā anadhigataṃ vā bhogaṃ adhigaccheyya adhigataṃ vā bhogaṃ phātiṃ kareyya ; tathārūpampissa cakkhu na hoti yathārūpena cakkhunā kusalākusale dhamme jāneyya, sāvajjānavajje dhamme jāneyya, hīnappaṇīte dhamme jāneyya, kaṇhasukkasappaṭibhāge dhamme jāneyya. Ayaṃ vuccati, bhikkhave, puggalo andho.
「诸比库！这三种人存在、出现于世间。哪三种？盲者、独眼者、双眼者。诸比库！什么是盲者？诸比库！这里，某人没有这样的眼——以这样的眼，他能获得未获得的财富，或能增长已获得的财富；他也没有这样的眼——以这样的眼，他能了知善与不善法，能了知有罪与无罪法，能了知劣与胜法，能了知黑与白及其对立法。诸比库！这称为盲者。
‘‘Katamo ca, bhikkhave, puggalo ekacakkhu? Idha, bhikkhave, ekaccassa puggalassa tathārūpaṃ cakkhu hoti yathārūpena cakkhunā anadhigataṃ vā bhogaṃ adhigaccheyya adhigataṃ vā bhogaṃ phātiṃ kareyya; tathārūpaṃ panassa cakkhu na hoti yathārūpena cakkhunā kusalākusale dhamme jāneyya, sāvajjānavajje dhamme jāneyya, hīnappaṇīte dhamme jāneyya, kaṇhasukkasappaṭibhāge dhamme jāneyya. Ayaṃ vuccati, bhikkhave, puggalo ekacakkhu.
「诸比库,什么是独眼人呢?诸比库,这里,某人有这样的眼,以这样的眼,他能获得未获得的财富,或能增长已获得的财富;但他没有这样的眼,以这样的眼,他能知善不善法,能知有罪无罪法,能知劣胜法,能知黑白相对法。诸比库,这称为独眼人。」
‘‘Katamo ca, bhikkhave, puggalo dvicakkhu? Idha, bhikkhave, ekaccassa puggalassa tathārūpaṃ cakkhu hoti yathārūpena cakkhunā anadhigataṃ vā bhogaṃ adhigaccheyya, adhigataṃ vā bhogaṃ phātiṃ kareyya; tathārūpampissa cakkhu hoti yathārūpena cakkhunā kusalākusale dhamme jāneyya; sāvajjānavajje dhamme jāneyya, hīnappaṇīte dhamme jāneyya, kaṇhasukkasappaṭibhāge dhamme jāneyya. Ayaṃ vuccati, bhikkhave, puggalo dvicakkhu. ‘Ime kho, bhikkhave, tayo puggalā santo saṃvijjamānā lokasmi’’’nti.
「诸比库,什么是双眼人呢?诸比库,这里,某人有这样的眼,以这样的眼,他能获得未获得的财富,或能增长已获得的财富;他也有这样的眼,以这样的眼,他能知善不善法,能知有罪无罪法,能知劣胜法,能知黑白相对法。诸比库,这称为双眼人。『诸比库,这三种人存在、出现于世间。』」
‘‘Na ceva bhogā tathārūpā, na ca puññāni kubbati;
「既无这样的财富,也不作诸福德;」
Ubhayattha kaliggāho, andhassa hatacakkhuno.
「两方面都失败,如盲者眼已坏。」
‘‘Athāparāyaṃ akkhāto, ekacakkhu ca puggalo;
「另一种已说明,即独眼人;」
Dhammādhammena saṭhoso , bhogāni pariyesati.
「以法与非法,狡诈地寻求财富。」
‘‘Theyyena kūṭakammena, musāvādena cūbhayaṃ;
「以偷盗、欺诈业,以妄语,两者;」
Kusalo hoti saṅghātuṃ , kāmabhogī ca mānavo;
「学童善于积聚,是欲乐享受者;」
Ito so nirayaṃ gantvā, ekacakkhu vihaññati.
从此他去地狱,成为独眼者而受苦。
‘‘Dvicakkhu pana akkhāto, seṭṭho purisapuggalo;
「而被称为双眼者,是最胜的人士;
Dhammaladdhehi bhogehi, uṭṭhānādhigataṃ dhanaṃ.
以如法获得的财富,以勤奋获得的财产。
‘‘Dadāti seṭṭhasaṅkappo, abyaggamānaso naro;
「以最胜的意向布施,心无烦恼的人;
Upeti bhaddakaṃ ṭhānaṃ, yattha gantvā na socati.
他到达善妙之处,去到那里后不忧愁。
‘‘Andhañca ekacakkhuñca, ārakā parivajjaye;
「应远离盲者与独眼者,
Dvicakkhuṃ pana sevetha, seṭṭhaṃ purisapuggala’’nti. navamaṃ;
而应亲近双眼者,最胜的人士。」第九经
10. Avakujjasuttaṃ10. 覆钵经
§30
‘‘Tayome , bhikkhave , puggalā santo saṃvijjamānā lokasmiṃ. Katame tayo? Avakujjapañño puggalo, ucchaṅgapañño puggalo, puthupañño puggalo. Katamo ca, bhikkhave, avakujjapañño puggalo? Idha, bhikkhave, ekacco puggalo ārāmaṃ gantā hoti abhikkhaṇaṃ bhikkhūnaṃ santike dhammassavanāya. Tassa bhikkhū dhammaṃ desenti ādikalyāṇaṃ majjhekalyāṇaṃ pariyosānakalyāṇaṃ sātthaṃ sabyañjanaṃ, kevalaparipuṇṇaṃ parisuddhaṃ brahmacariyaṃ pakāsenti. So tasmiṃ āsane nisinno tassā kathāya neva ādiṃ manasi karoti, na majjhaṃ manasi karoti, na pariyosānaṃ manasi karoti; vuṭṭhitopi tamhā āsanā tassā kathāya neva ādiṃ manasi karoti, na majjhaṃ manasi karoti, na pariyosānaṃ manasi karoti. Seyyathāpi, bhikkhave, kumbho nikkujjo tatra udakaṃ āsittaṃ vivaṭṭati, no saṇṭhāti; evamevaṃ kho, bhikkhave, idhekacco puggalo ārāmaṃ gantā hoti abhikkhaṇaṃ bhikkhūnaṃ santike dhammassavanāya. Tassa bhikkhū dhammaṃ desenti ādikalyāṇaṃ majjhekalyāṇaṃ pariyosānakalyāṇaṃ sātthaṃ sabyañjanaṃ, kevalaparipuṇṇaṃ parisuddhaṃ brahmacariyaṃ pakāsenti. So tasmiṃ āsane nisinno tassā kathāya neva ādiṃ manasi karoti, na majjhaṃ manasi karoti, na pariyosānaṃ manasi karoti; vuṭṭhitopi tamhā āsanā tassā kathāya nevādiṃ manasi karoti, na majjhaṃ manasi karoti, na pariyosānaṃ manasi karoti. Ayaṃ vuccati, bhikkhave, avakujjapañño puggalo.
「诸比库!这三种人存在、出现于世间。哪三种?覆盖慧者、膝上慧者、广大慧者。诸比库!什么是覆盖慧者?诸比库!这里,某人常去园林,到诸比库处听法。诸比库为他说法,初善、中善、后善,有义、有文,开显完全圆满、清净的梵行。他坐在那座位上,对那说法既不作意开始,不作意中间,不作意结尾;从那座位起来后,对那说法也既不作意开始,不作意中间,不作意结尾。诸比库!譬如覆盖的水瓶,倒入其中的水流走,不停留;诸比库!同样地,这里某人常去园林,到诸比库处听法。诸比库为他说法,初善、中善、后善,有义、有文,开显完全圆满、清净的梵行。他坐在那座位上,对那说法既不作意开始,不作意中间,不作意结尾;从那座位起来后,对那说法也既不作意开始,不作意中间,不作意结尾。诸比库!这被称为覆盖慧者。
‘‘Katamo ca, bhikkhave, ucchaṅgapañño puggalo? Idha, bhikkhave, ekacco puggalo ārāmaṃ gantā hoti abhikkhaṇaṃ bhikkhūnaṃ santike dhammassavanāya. Tassa bhikkhū dhammaṃ desenti ādikalyāṇaṃ majjhekalyāṇaṃ pariyosānakalyāṇaṃ sātthaṃ sabyañjanaṃ, kevalaparipuṇṇaṃ parisuddhaṃ brahmacariyaṃ pakāsenti. So tasmiṃ āsane nisinno tassā kathāya ādimpi manasi karoti, majjhampi manasi karoti, pariyosānampi manasi karoti; vuṭṭhito ca kho tamhā āsanā tassā kathāya nevādiṃ manasi karoti, na majjhaṃ manasi karoti, na pariyosānaṃ manasi karoti. Seyyathāpi, bhikkhave, purisassa ucchaṅge nānākhajjakāni ākiṇṇāni – tilā taṇḍulā modakā badarā. So tamhā āsanā vuṭṭhahanto satisammosā pakireyya . Evamevaṃ kho, bhikkhave, idhekacco puggalo ārāmaṃ gantā hoti abhikkhaṇaṃ bhikkhūnaṃ santike dhammassavanāya. Tassa bhikkhū dhammaṃ desenti ādikalyāṇaṃ majjhekalyāṇaṃ pariyosānakalyāṇaṃ sātthaṃ sabyañjanaṃ, kevalaparipuṇṇaṃ parisuddhaṃ brahmacariyaṃ pakāsenti. So tasmiṃ āsane nisinno tassā kathāya ādimpi manasi karoti, majjhampi manasi karoti, pariyosānampi manasi karoti; vuṭṭhito ca kho tamhā āsanā tassā kathāya neva ādiṃ manasi karoti, na majjhaṃ manasi karoti, na pariyosānaṃ manasi karoti. Ayaṃ vuccati, bhikkhave, ucchaṅgapañño puggalo.
「诸比库,什么是膝上慧者?诸比库,这里,某人常去园林,到诸比库处听法。诸比库为他说法,初善、中善、后善,有义、有文,阐明完全圆满、清净的梵行。他坐在座位上时,对那说法的开始也作意,中间也作意,结尾也作意;但从那座位起来后,对那说法的开始不作意,中间不作意,结尾不作意。诸比库,譬如有人的膝上堆满了各种食物——芝麻、米、糕点、枣子。他从那座位起来时,由于失念而散落。诸比库,同样地,这里某人常去园林,到诸比库处听法。诸比库为他说法,初善、中善、后善,有义、有文,阐明完全圆满、清净的梵行。他坐在座位上时,对那说法的开始也作意,中间也作意,结尾也作意;但从那座位起来后,对那说法的开始不作意,中间不作意,结尾不作意。诸比库,这称为膝上慧者。」
‘‘Katamo ca, bhikkhave, puthupañño puggalo? Idha, bhikkhave, ekacco puggalo ārāmaṃ gantā hoti abhikkhaṇaṃ bhikkhūnaṃ santike dhammassavanāya. Tassa bhikkhū dhammaṃ desenti ādikalyāṇaṃ majjhekalyāṇaṃ pariyosānakalyāṇaṃ sātthaṃ sabyañjanaṃ, kevalaparipuṇṇaṃ parisuddhaṃ brahmacariyaṃ pakāsenti. So tasmiṃ āsane nisinno tassā kathāya ādimpi manasi karoti, majjhampi manasi karoti, pariyosānampi manasi karoti; vuṭṭhitopi tamhā āsanā tassā kathāya ādimpi manasi karoti, majjhampi manasi karoti, pariyosānampi manasi karoti. Seyyathāpi, bhikkhave, kumbho ukkujjo tatra udakaṃ āsittaṃ saṇṭhāti no vivaṭṭati; evamevaṃ kho, bhikkhave, idhekacco puggalo ārāmaṃ gantā hoti abhikkhaṇaṃ bhikkhūnaṃ santike dhammassavanāya. Tassa bhikkhū dhammaṃ desenti ādikalyāṇaṃ majjhekalyāṇaṃ pariyosānakalyāṇaṃ sātthaṃ sabyañjanaṃ, kevalaparipuṇṇaṃ parisuddhaṃ brahmacariyaṃ pakāsenti. So tasmiṃ āsane nisinno tassā kathāya ādimpi manasi karoti, majjhampi manasi karoti, pariyosānampi manasi karoti; vuṭṭhitopi tamhā āsanā tassā kathāya ādimpi manasi karoti, majjhampi manasi karoti, pariyosānampi manasi karoti. Ayaṃ vuccati, bhikkhave, puthupañño puggalo. ‘Ime kho, bhikkhave, tayo puggalā santo saṃvijjamānā lokasmi’’’nti.
「诸比库,什么是广大慧者?诸比库,这里,某人常去园林,到诸比库处听法。诸比库为他说法,初善、中善、后善,有义、有文,阐明完全圆满、清净的梵行。他坐在座位上时,对那说法的开始也作意,中间也作意,结尾也作意;从那座位起来后,对那说法的开始也作意,中间也作意,结尾也作意。诸比库,譬如直立的水瓶,倒入其中的水停住而不流出;诸比库,同样地,这里某人常去园林,到诸比库处听法。诸比库为他说法,初善、中善、后善,有义、有文,阐明完全圆满、清净的梵行。他坐在座位上时,对那说法的开始也作意,中间也作意,结尾也作意;从那座位起来后,对那说法的开始也作意,中间也作意,结尾也作意。诸比库,这称为广大慧者。诸比库,这三种人存在、出现于世间。」
‘‘Avakujjapañño puriso, dummedho avicakkhaṇo;
「倒覆慧之人,愚钝无智慧;」
Abhikkhaṇampi ce hoti, gantā bhikkhūna santike.
「即使常常去,到诸比库处。」
‘‘Ādiṃ kathāya majjhañca, pariyosānañca tādiso;
「说法之开始、中间,以及结尾,如是之人;」
Uggahetuṃ na sakkoti, paññā hissa na vijjati.
「不能够领受,因为他无慧。」
‘‘Ucchaṅgapañño puriso, seyyo etena vuccati;
「膝上慧之人,被说为较胜;」
Abhikkhaṇampi ce hoti, gantā bhikkhūna santike.
「即使常常去,到诸比库处。」
‘‘Ādiṃ kathāya majjhañca, pariyosānañca tādiso;
「开头、中间与结尾,如此之说法;」
Nisinno āsane tasmiṃ, uggahetvāna byañjanaṃ;
「坐于彼座上,学习了文句;」
Vuṭṭhito nappajānāti, gahitaṃ hissa mussati.
「起身后不了知,所把握的已遗失。」
‘‘Puthupañño ca puriso, seyyo etehi vuccati;
「而广慧之人,被说为胜于这些;」
Abhikkhaṇampi ce hoti, gantā bhikkhūna santike.
「即使时常前往,诸比库之处。」
‘‘Ādiṃ kathāya majjhañca, pariyosānañca tādiso;
「开头、中间与结尾,如此之说法;」
Nisinno āsane tasmiṃ, uggahetvāna byañjanaṃ.
「坐于彼座上,学习了文句。」
‘‘Dhāreti seṭṭhasaṅkappo, abyaggamānaso naro;
「持有最胜意向,心不散乱之人;」
Dhammānudhammappaṭipanno, dukkhassantakaro siyā’’ti. dasamaṃ;
随法而行者，将是苦的作终结者。」第十经
Puggalavaggo tatiyo. · 补特伽罗品第三
Tassuddānaṃ –
其摄颂——
Samiddha -gilāna-saṅkhārā, bahukārā vajirena ca;
沙密德、病、诸行、多作、以瓦基拉；
Sevi-jiguccha-gūthabhāṇī, andho ca avakujjatāti.
亲近、厌恶、粪语者、盲者以及倒覆。