1. Bālavaggo1. 愚者品

26 段 · CSCD 巴利原典

Namo tassa bhagavato arahato sammāsambuddhassa · 礼敬彼世尊、阿拉汉、正自觉者

Aṅguttaranikāyo · 增支部

Tikanipātapāḷi · 三法集部

1. Paṭhamapaṇṇāsakaṃ

1. 第一个五十

1. Bālavaggo1. 愚者品

1. Bhayasuttaṃ1. 怖畏经

§1

Evaṃ me sutaṃ – ekaṃ samayaṃ bhagavā sāvatthiyaṃ viharati jetavane anāthapiṇḍikassa ārāme. Tatra kho bhagavā bhikkhū āmantesi – ‘‘bhikkhavo’’ti. ‘‘Bhadante ’’ti te bhikkhū bhagavato paccassosuṃ. Bhagavā etadavoca –

如是我闻——一时,世尊住在沙瓦提城揭德林给孤独园。在那里,世尊称呼比库们:「诸比库。」「尊者。」那些比库回答世尊。世尊说此:

‘‘Yāni kānici, bhikkhave, bhayāni uppajjanti sabbāni tāni bālato uppajjanti, no paṇḍitato. Ye keci upaddavā uppajjanti sabbe te bālato uppajjanti, no paṇḍitato. Ye keci upasaggā uppajjanti sabbe te bālato uppajjanti, no paṇḍitato. Seyyathāpi, bhikkhave, naḷāgārā vā tiṇāgārā vā aggi mutto kūṭāgārānipi ḍahati ullittāvalittāni nivātāni phusitaggaḷāni pihitavātapānāni; evamevaṃ kho, bhikkhave, yāni kānici bhayāni uppajjanti sabbāni tāni bālato uppajjanti, no paṇḍitato. Ye keci upaddavā uppajjanti sabbe te bālato uppajjanti, no paṇḍitato. Ye keci upasaggā uppajjanti sabbe te bālato uppajjanti, no paṇḍitato.

「诸比库,凡任何恐怖生起,一切那些都从愚者生起,非从智者。凡任何灾祸生起,一切那些都从愚者生起,非从智者。凡任何障碍生起,一切那些都从愚者生起,非从智者。诸比库,譬如从芦苇屋或草屋逸出的火,也会烧毁重阁,涂抹粉刷的、无风的、门闩紧固的、门窗关闭的;同样地,诸比库,凡任何恐怖生起,一切那些都从愚者生起,非从智者。凡任何灾祸生起,一切那些都从愚者生起,非从智者。凡任何障碍生起,一切那些都从愚者生起,非从智者。」

‘‘Iti kho, bhikkhave, sappaṭibhayo bālo, appaṭibhayo paṇḍito. Saupaddavo bālo, anupaddavo paṇḍito. Saupasaggo bālo, anupasaggo paṇḍito. Natthi, bhikkhave, paṇḍitato bhayaṃ, natthi paṇḍitato upaddavo, natthi paṇḍitato upasaggo.

「诸比库,如此,愚者有恐怖,智者无恐怖。愚者有灾祸,智者无灾祸。愚者有障碍,智者无障碍。诸比库,从智者无恐怖,从智者无灾祸,从智者无障碍。」

‘‘Tasmātiha, bhikkhave, evaṃ sikkhitabbaṃ – ‘yehi tīhi dhammehi samannāgato bālo veditabbo te tayo dhamme abhinivajjetvā, yehi tīhi dhammehi samannāgato paṇḍito veditabbo te tayo dhamme samādāya vattissāmā’ti. Evañhi vo, bhikkhave, sikkhitabba’’nti. Paṭhamaṃ.

「诸比库,因此,在此应当这样学:『具足三法应知为愚者,舍断那三法,具足三法应知为智者,受持那三法我们将行』。诸比库,你们应当这样学。」第一经

2. Lakkhaṇasuttaṃ2. 相经

§2

‘‘Kammalakkhaṇo , bhikkhave, bālo, kammalakkhaṇo paṇḍito, apadānasobhanī paññāti . Tīhi, bhikkhave, dhammehi samannāgato bālo veditabbo. Katamehi tīhi? Kāyaduccaritena, vacīduccaritena, manoduccaritena. Imehi kho, bhikkhave, tīhi dhammehi samannāgato bālo veditabbo.

「诸比库,愚者以业为特相,智者以业为特相,慧以施设为庄严。诸比库,具足三法应知为愚者。哪三法?身恶行、语恶行、意恶行。诸比库,具足这三法应知为愚者。」

‘‘Tīhi, bhikkhave, dhammehi samannāgato paṇḍito veditabbo. Katamehi tīhi? Kāyasucaritena, vacīsucaritena, manosucaritena. Imehi kho, bhikkhave, tīhi dhammehi samannāgato paṇḍito veditabbo.

「诸比库,具足三法应知为智者。哪三法?身善行、语善行、意善行。诸比库,具足这三法应知为智者。」

「诸比库,因此,在此应当这样学:『具足三法应知为愚者,舍断那三法,具足三法应知为智者,受持那三法我们将行』。诸比库,你们应当这样学。」第二经

3. Cintīsuttaṃ3. 思惟经

§3

‘‘Tīṇimāni, bhikkhave, bālassa bālalakkhaṇāni bālanimittāni bālāpadānāni . Katamāni tīṇi? Idha, bhikkhave, bālo duccintitacintī ca hoti dubbhāsitabhāsī ca dukkaṭakammakārī ca. No cedaṃ , bhikkhave, bālo duccintitacintī ca abhavissa dubbhāsitabhāsī ca dukkaṭakammakārī ca, kena naṃ paṇḍitā jāneyyuṃ – ‘bālo ayaṃ bhavaṃ asappuriso’ti? Yasmā ca kho, bhikkhave, bālo duccintitacintī ca hoti dubbhāsitabhāsī ca dukkaṭakammakārī ca tasmā naṃ paṇḍitā jānanti – ‘bālo ayaṃ bhavaṃ asappuriso’ti. Imāni kho, bhikkhave, tīṇi bālassa bālalakkhaṇāni bālanimittāni bālāpadānāni.

「诸比库,愚者有此三种愚者之相、愚者之标记、愚者之特征。哪三种?诸比库,于此,愚者是恶思者、恶语者、恶行者。诸比库,若愚者不是恶思者、恶语者、恶行者,智者以何得知『此具寿是愚者、非善人』?诸比库,正因为愚者是恶思者、恶语者、恶行者,因此智者得知『此具寿是愚者、非善人』。诸比库,此为愚者之三种愚者之相、愚者之标记、愚者之特征。」

‘‘Tīṇimāni, bhikkhave, paṇḍitassa paṇḍitalakkhaṇāni paṇḍitanimittāni paṇḍitāpadānāni. Katamāni tīṇi? Idha, bhikkhave, paṇḍito sucintitacintī ca hoti subhāsitabhāsī ca sukatakammakārī ca. No cedaṃ, bhikkhave, paṇḍito sucintitacintī ca abhavissa subhāsitabhāsī ca sukatakammakārī ca, kena naṃ paṇḍitā jāneyyuṃ – ‘paṇḍito ayaṃ bhavaṃ sappuriso’ti? Yasmā ca kho, bhikkhave, paṇḍito sucintitacintī ca hoti subhāsitabhāsī ca sukatakammakārī ca tasmā naṃ paṇḍitā jānanti – ‘paṇḍito ayaṃ bhavaṃ sappuriso’ti. Imāni kho, bhikkhave, tīṇi paṇḍitassa paṇḍitalakkhaṇāni paṇḍitanimittāni paṇḍitāpadānāni. Tasmātiha…. Tatiyaṃ.

「诸比库,智者有此三种智者之相、智者之标记、智者之特征。哪三种?诸比库,于此,智者是善思者、善语者、善行者。诸比库,若智者不是善思者、善语者、善行者,智者以何得知『此具寿是智者、善人』?诸比库,正因为智者是善思者、善语者、善行者,因此智者得知『此具寿是智者、善人』。诸比库,此为智者之三种智者之相、智者之标记、智者之特征。因此于此……第三。」

4. Accayasuttaṃ4. 罪过经

§4

‘‘Tīhi , bhikkhave, dhammehi samannāgato bālo veditabbo. Katamehi tīhi? Accayaṃ accayato na passati, accayaṃ accayato disvā yathādhammaṃ nappaṭikaroti, parassa kho pana accayaṃ desentassa yathādhammaṃ nappaṭiggaṇhāti. Imehi kho, bhikkhave, tīhi dhammehi samannāgato bālo veditabbo.

「诸比库,具足三法者应知为愚者。哪三种?不见过失为过失,见过失为过失后不如法忏悔,他人揭示过失时不如法接受。诸比库,具足此三法者应知为愚者。」

‘‘Tīhi, bhikkhave, dhammehi samannāgato paṇḍito veditabbo. Katamehi tīhi? Accayaṃ accayato passati, accayaṃ accayato disvā yathādhammaṃ paṭikaroti, parassa kho pana accayaṃ desentassa yathādhammaṃ paṭiggaṇhāti. Imehi kho, bhikkhave, tīhi dhammehi samannāgato paṇḍito veditabbo. Tasmātiha…. Catutthaṃ.

「诸比库,具足三法者应知为智者。哪三种?见过失为过失,见过失为过失后如法忏悔,他人揭示过失时如法接受。诸比库,具足此三法者应知为智者。因此于此……第四。」

5. Ayonisosuttaṃ5. 非如理经

§5

‘‘Tīhi, bhikkhave, dhammehi samannāgato bālo veditabbo. Katamehi tīhi? Ayoniso pañhaṃ kattā hoti, ayoniso pañhaṃ vissajjetā hoti, parassa kho pana yoniso pañhaṃ vissajjitaṃ parimaṇḍalehi padabyañjanehi siliṭṭhehi upagatehi nābbhanumoditā hoti. Imehi kho, bhikkhave, tīhi dhammehi samannāgato bālo veditabbo.

「诸比库,具足三法者应知为愚者。哪三种?非如理地问问题,非如理地答问题,他人如理地以圆满的词句、连贯的、流畅的回答问题时不随喜。诸比库,具足此三法者应知为愚者。」

‘‘Tīhi, bhikkhave, dhammehi samannāgato paṇḍito veditabbo. Katamehi tīhi? Yoniso pañhaṃ kattā hoti, yoniso pañhaṃ vissajjetā hoti, parassa kho pana yoniso pañhaṃ vissajjitaṃ parimaṇḍalehi padabyañjanehi siliṭṭhehi upagatehi abbhanumoditā hoti. Imehi kho, bhikkhave, tīhi dhammehi samannāgato paṇḍito veditabbo. Tasmātiha…. Pañcamaṃ.

「诸比库,具足三法者应知为智者。哪三种?如理地问问题,如理地答问题,他人如理地以圆满的词句、连贯的、流畅的回答问题时随喜。诸比库,具足此三法者应知为智者。因此于此……第五。」

6. Akusalasuttaṃ6. 不善经

§6

‘‘Tīhi, bhikkhave, dhammehi samannāgato bālo veditabbo. Katamehi tīhi? Akusalena kāyakammena, akusalena vacīkammena, akusalena manokammena. Imehi kho, bhikkhave, tīhi dhammehi samannāgato bālo veditabbo.

「诸比库,具足三法者应知为愚者。哪三种?不善的身业、不善的语业、不善的意业。诸比库,具足此三法者应知为愚者。」

‘‘Tīhi, bhikkhave, dhammehi samannāgato paṇḍito veditabbo. Katamehi tīhi? Kusalena kāyakammena , kusalena vacīkammena, kusalena manokammena. Imehi kho, bhikkhave, tīhi dhammehi samannāgato paṇḍito veditabbo. Tasmātiha…. Chaṭṭhaṃ.

「诸比库,具足三法者应知为智者。哪三种?善的身业、善的语业、善的意业。诸比库,具足此三法者应知为智者。因此于此……第六。」

7. Sāvajjasuttaṃ7. 有罪经

§7

‘‘Tīhi, bhikkhave, dhammehi samannāgato bālo veditabbo. Katamehi tīhi? Sāvajjena kāyakammena, sāvajjena vacīkammena, sāvajjena manokammena…pe… anavajjena kāyakammena, anavajjena vacīkammena, anavajjena manokammena…pe…. Sattamaṃ.

「诸比库!具足三法者,愚者应被了知。哪三法?有过失的身业、有过失的语业、有过失的意业……无过失的身业、无过失的语业、无过失的意业……第七。

8. Sabyābajjhasuttaṃ8. 有害经

§8

‘‘Tīhi, bhikkhave, dhammehi samannāgato bālo veditabbo. Katamehi tīhi? Sabyābajjhena kāyakammena, sabyābajjhena vacīkammena, sabyābajjhena manokammena…pe… abyābajjhena kāyakammena, abyābajjhena vacīkammena , abyābajjhena manokammena. Imehi, kho, bhikkhave, tīhi dhammehi samannāgato paṇḍito veditabbo.

「诸比库!具足三法者,愚者应被了知。哪三法?有害的身业、有害的语业、有害的意业……无害的身业、无害的语业、无害的意业。诸比库!具足这三法者,贤者应被了知。

「诸比库!因此,在此应当这样学:『具足哪三法者愚者应被了知,我们应避开那三法;具足哪三法者贤者应被了知,我们应受持那三法而行』。诸比库!你们应当这样学。」第八。

9. Khatasuttaṃ9. 已作经

§9

‘‘Tīhi , bhikkhave, dhammehi samannāgato bālo abyatto asappuriso khataṃ upahataṃ attānaṃ pariharati, sāvajjo ca hoti sānuvajjo ca viññūnaṃ, bahuñca apuññaṃ pasavati. Katamehi tīhi? Kāyaduccaritena, vacīduccaritena, manoduccaritena. Imehi kho, bhikkhave, tīhi dhammehi samannāgato bālo abyatto asappuriso khataṃ upahataṃ attānaṃ pariharati, sāvajjo ca hoti sānuvajjo ca viññūnaṃ, bahuñca apuññaṃ pasavati.

「诸比库!具足三法者,愚者、无能者、非善人,持受损坏、伤害的自己,是有过失者、有罪过者为智者所呵责,且产生许多非福。哪三法?身恶行、语恶行、意恶行。诸比库!具足这三法者,愚者、无能者、非善人,持受损坏、伤害的自己,是有过失者、有罪过者为智者所呵责,且产生许多非福。

‘‘Tīhi , bhikkhave, dhammehi samannāgato paṇḍito viyatto sappuriso akkhataṃ anupahataṃ attānaṃ pariharati, anavajjo ca hoti ananuvajjo ca viññūnaṃ, bahuñca puññaṃ pasavati. Katamehi tīhi? Kāyasucaritena, vacīsucaritena, manosucaritena. Imehi kho, bhikkhave, tīhi dhammehi samannāgato paṇḍito viyatto sappuriso akkhataṃ anupahataṃ attānaṃ pariharati, anavajjo ca hoti ananuvajjo ca viññūnaṃ, bahuñca puññaṃ pasavatī’’ti. Navamaṃ.

「诸比库!具足三法者,贤者、有能者、善人,持受无损坏、无伤害的自己,是无过失者、无罪过者为智者所不呵责,且产生许多福。哪三法?身善行、语善行、意善行。诸比库!具足这三法者,贤者、有能者、善人,持受无损坏、无伤害的自己,是无过失者、无罪过者为智者所不呵责,且产生许多福。」第九。

10. Malasuttaṃ10. 垢经

§10

‘‘Tīhi, bhikkhave, dhammehi samannāgato tayo male appahāya yathābhataṃ nikkhitto evaṃ niraye. Katamehi tīhi? Dussīlo ca hoti, dussīlyamalañcassa appahīnaṃ hoti; issukī ca hoti, issāmalañcassa appahīnaṃ hoti; maccharī ca hoti, maccheramalañcassa appahīnaṃ hoti. Imehi kho, bhikkhave, tīhi dhammehi samannāgato ime tayo male appahāya yathābhataṃ nikkhitto evaṃ niraye.

「诸比库!具足三法者,未舍断三垢,如被带去般如此投入地狱。哪三法?破戒者,其破戒之垢未舍断;嫉妒者,其嫉妒之垢未舍断;悭吝者,其悭吝之垢未舍断。诸比库!具足这三法者,未舍断这三垢,如被带去般如此投入地狱。

‘‘Tīhi , bhikkhave, dhammehi samannāgato tayo male pahāya yathābhataṃ nikkhitto evaṃ sagge. Katamehi tīhi? Sīlavā ca hoti, dussīlyamalañcassa pahīnaṃ hoti; anissukī ca hoti, issāmalañcassa pahīnaṃ hoti; amaccharī ca hoti, maccheramalañcassa pahīnaṃ hoti. Imehi kho, bhikkhave, tīhi dhammehi samannāgato ime tayo male pahāya yathābhataṃ nikkhitto evaṃ sagge’’ti. Dasamaṃ.

「诸比库!具足三法者,已舍断三垢,如被带去般如此投入天界。哪三法?持戒者,其破戒之垢已舍断;不嫉妒者,其嫉妒之垢已舍断;不悭吝者,其悭吝之垢已舍断。诸比库!具足这三法者,已舍断这三垢,如被带去般如此投入天界。」第十。

Bālavaggo paṭhamo. · 愚者品第一

Tassuddānaṃ –

其摄颂──

Bhayaṃ lakkhaṇacintī ca, accayañca ayoniso;

思惟怖畏与相，以及非如理的过患；

Akusalañca sāvajjaṃ, sabyābajjhakhataṃ malanti.

不善与有罪，有害、有恼、污秽。