5. Parisavaggo5. 众品
5. Parisavaggo5. 众品
§43
‘‘Dvemā , bhikkhave, parisā. Katamā dve? Uttānā ca parisā gambhīrā ca parisā. Katamā ca, bhikkhave, uttānā parisā? Idha, bhikkhave, yassaṃ parisāyaṃ bhikkhū uddhatā honti unnaḷā capalā mukharā vikiṇṇavācā muṭṭhassatī asampajānā asamāhitā vibbhantacittā pākatindriyā. Ayaṃ vuccati, bhikkhave, uttānā parisā.
「诸比库,有此二众。哪二种?浅薄众与深奥众。诸比库,什么是浅薄众?诸比库,于此,在某众中,诸比库掉举、轻浮、轻躁、饶舌、杂语、失念、不正知、不得定、心散乱、诸根放逸。诸比库,这称为浅薄众。
‘‘Katamā ca, bhikkhave, gambhīrā parisā? Idha, bhikkhave, yassaṃ parisāyaṃ bhikkhū anuddhatā honti anunnaḷā acapalā amukharā avikiṇṇavācā upaṭṭhitassatī sampajānā samāhitā ekaggacittā saṃvutindriyā. Ayaṃ vuccati , bhikkhave, gambhīrā parisā. Imā kho, bhikkhave, dve parisā. Etadaggaṃ, bhikkhave, imāsaṃ dvinnaṃ parisānaṃ yadidaṃ gambhīrā parisā’’ti.
「诸比库,什么是深奥众?诸比库,于此,在某众中,诸比库不掉举、不轻浮、不轻躁、不饶舌、不杂语、念已现起、正知、得定、心一境性、诸根已防护。诸比库,这称为深奥众。诸比库,这是二众。诸比库,此二众中,此为最上,即深奥众。」
§44
‘‘Dvemā, bhikkhave, parisā. Katamā dve? Vaggā ca parisā samaggā ca parisā. Katamā ca, bhikkhave, vaggā parisā? Idha, bhikkhave, yassaṃ parisāyaṃ bhikkhū bhaṇḍanajātā kalahajātā vivādāpannā aññamaññaṃ mukhasattīhi vitudantā viharanti. Ayaṃ vuccati, bhikkhave, vaggā parisā.
「诸比库,有此二众。哪二种?分裂众与和合众。诸比库,什么是分裂众?诸比库,于此,在某众中,诸比库生诤论、生争吵、陷入争执、以口舌之箭互相刺伤而住。诸比库,这称为分裂众。
‘‘Katamā ca, bhikkhave, samaggā parisā? Idha, bhikkhave, yassaṃ parisāyaṃ bhikkhū samaggā sammodamānā avivadamānā khīrodakībhūtā aññamaññaṃ piyacakkhūhi sampassantā viharanti. Ayaṃ vuccati, bhikkhave, samaggā parisā. Imā kho, bhikkhave, dve parisā. Etadaggaṃ, bhikkhave, imāsaṃ dvinnaṃ parisānaṃ yadidaṃ samaggā parisā’’ti.
「诸比库,什么是和合众?诸比库,于此,在某众中,诸比库和合、欢喜、不诤、如水乳交融、以慈眼互相观视而住。诸比库,这称为和合众。诸比库,这是二众。诸比库,此二众中,此为最上,即和合众。」
§45
‘‘Dvemā, bhikkhave, parisā. Katamā dve? Anaggavatī ca parisā aggavatī ca parisā. Katamā ca, bhikkhave, anaggavatī parisā? Idha , bhikkhave, yassaṃ parisāyaṃ therā bhikkhū bāhulikā honti sāthalikā, okkamane pubbaṅgamā, paviveke nikkhittadhurā, na vīriyaṃ ārabhanti appattassa pattiyā anadhigatassa adhigamāya asacchikatassa sacchikiriyāya. Tesaṃ pacchimā janatā diṭṭhānugatiṃ āpajjati. Sāpi hoti bāhulikā sāthalikā, okkamane pubbaṅgamā, paviveke nikkhittadhurā, na vīriyaṃ ārabhati appattassa pattiyā anadhigatassa adhigamāya asacchikatassa sacchikiriyāya. Ayaṃ vuccati, bhikkhave, anaggavatī parisā.
「诸比库,有此二众。哪二种?无上首众与有上首众。诸比库,什么是无上首众?诸比库,于此,在某众中,诸长老比库奢侈、怠惰,在退堕中为先导,在远离中已舍弃重担,不发起精进以证得未证得者、以获得未获得者、以作证未作证者。他们的后辈众人随从其见。他们也奢侈、怠惰,在退堕中为先导,在远离中已舍弃重担,不发起精进以证得未证得者、以获得未获得者、以作证未作证者。诸比库,这称为无上首众。
‘‘Katamā ca, bhikkhave, aggavatī parisā? Idha, bhikkhave, yassaṃ parisāyaṃ therā bhikkhū na bāhulikā honti na sāthalikā, okkamane nikkhittadhurā, paviveke pubbaṅgamā, vīriyaṃ ārabhanti appattassa pattiyā anadhigatassa adhigamāya asacchikatassa sacchikiriyāya. Tesaṃ pacchimā janatā diṭṭhānugatiṃ āpajjati. Sāpi hoti na bāhulikā na sāthalikā, okkamane nikkhittadhurā, paviveke pubbaṅgamā, vīriyaṃ ārabhati appattassa pattiyā anadhigatassa adhigamāya asacchikatassa sacchikiriyāya. Ayaṃ vuccati, bhikkhave, aggavatī parisā. Imā kho, bhikkhave, dve parisā. Etadaggaṃ, bhikkhave, imāsaṃ dvinnaṃ parisānaṃ yadidaṃ aggavatī parisā’’ti.
「诸比库,什么是有上首众?诸比库,于此,在某众中,诸长老比库不奢侈、不怠惰,在退堕中已舍弃重担,在远离中为先导,发起精进以证得未证得者、以获得未获得者、以作证未作证者。他们的后辈众人随从其见。他们也不奢侈、不怠惰,在退堕中已舍弃重担,在远离中为先导,发起精进以证得未证得者、以获得未获得者、以作证未作证者。诸比库,这称为有上首众。诸比库,这是二众。诸比库,此二众中,此为最上,即有上首众。」
§46
‘‘Dvemā, bhikkhave, parisā. Katamā dve? Anariyā ca parisā ariyā ca parisā. Katamā ca, bhikkhave, anariyā parisā? Idha, bhikkhave, yassaṃ parisāyaṃ bhikkhū ‘idaṃ dukkha’nti yathābhūtaṃ nappajānanti, ‘ayaṃ dukkhasamudayo’ti yathābhūtaṃ nappajānanti, ‘ayaṃ dukkhanirodho’ti yathābhūtaṃ nappajānanti , ‘ayaṃ dukkhanirodhagāminī paṭipadā’ti yathābhūtaṃ nappajānanti. Ayaṃ vuccati, bhikkhave, anariyā parisā.
「诸比库,有此二众。哪二种?非圣众与圣众。诸比库,什么是非圣众?诸比库,于此,在某众中,诸比库不如实了知『此是苦』,不如实了知『此是苦集』,不如实了知『此是苦灭』,不如实了知『此是导至苦灭之道』。诸比库,这称为非圣众。
‘‘Katamā ca, bhikkhave, ariyā parisā? Idha, bhikkhave, yassaṃ parisāyaṃ bhikkhū ‘idaṃ dukkha’nti yathābhūtaṃ pajānanti, ‘ayaṃ dukkhasamudayo’ti yathābhūtaṃ pajānanti, ‘ayaṃ dukkhanirodho’ti yathābhūtaṃ pajānanti , ‘ayaṃ dukkhanirodhagāminī paṭipadā’ti yathābhūtaṃ pajānanti. Ayaṃ vuccati, bhikkhave, ariyā parisā. Imā kho, bhikkhave, dve parisā. Etadaggaṃ, bhikkhave, imāsaṃ dvinnaṃ parisānaṃ yadidaṃ ariyā parisā’’ti.
「诸比库,什么是圣众?诸比库,于此,在某众中,诸比库如实了知『此是苦』,如实了知『此是苦集』,如实了知『此是苦灭』,如实了知『此是导至苦灭之道』。诸比库,这称为圣众。诸比库,这是二众。诸比库,此二众中,此为最上,即圣众。」
§47
‘‘Dvemā, bhikkhave, parisā. Katamā dve? Parisākasaṭo ca parisāmaṇḍo ca. Katamo ca, bhikkhave, parisākasaṭo? Idha, bhikkhave, yassaṃ parisāyaṃ bhikkhū chandāgatiṃ gacchanti, dosāgatiṃ gacchanti, mohāgatiṃ gacchanti, bhayāgatiṃ gacchanti. Ayaṃ vuccati, bhikkhave, parisākasaṭo.
「诸比库,这是两种众。哪两种?粗劣众与庄严众。诸比库,什么是粗劣众?诸比库,于此,在某众中,诸比库因欲而行,因嗔而行,因痴而行,因怖畏而行。诸比库,这称为粗劣众。
‘‘Katamo ca, bhikkhave, parisāmaṇḍo? Idha, bhikkhave, yassaṃ parisāyaṃ bhikkhū na chandāgatiṃ gacchanti, na dosāgatiṃ gacchanti, na mohāgatiṃ gacchanti, na bhayāgatiṃ gacchanti. Ayaṃ vuccati, bhikkhave, parisāmaṇḍo. Imā kho, bhikkhave, dve parisā. Etadaggaṃ, bhikkhave, imāsaṃ dvinnaṃ parisānaṃ yadidaṃ parisāmaṇḍo’’ti.
「诸比库,什么是庄严众?诸比库,于此,在某众中,诸比库不因欲而行,不因嗔而行,不因痴而行,不因怖畏而行。诸比库,这称为庄严众。诸比库,这是两种众。诸比库,这两种众中,此为最上,即:庄严众。」
§48
‘‘Dvemā, bhikkhave, parisā. Katamā dve? Okkācitavinītā parisā nopaṭipucchāvinītā, paṭipucchāvinītā parisā nookkācitavinītā. Katamā ca, bhikkhave, okkācitavinītā parisā nopaṭipucchāvinītā? Idha, bhikkhave, yassaṃ parisāyaṃ bhikkhū ye te suttantā tathāgatabhāsitā gambhīrā gambhīratthā lokuttarā suññatāpaṭisaṃyuttā tesu bhaññamānesu na sussūsanti na sotaṃ odahanti na aññā cittaṃ upaṭṭhapenti na ca te dhamme uggahetabbaṃ pariyāpuṇitabbaṃ maññanti. Ye pana te suttantā kavitā kāveyyā cittakkharā cittabyañjanā bāhirakā sāvakabhāsitā tesu bhaññamānesu sussūsanti sotaṃ odahanti aññā cittaṃ upaṭṭhapenti, te dhamme uggahetabbaṃ pariyāpuṇitabbaṃ maññanti, te ca taṃ dhammaṃ pariyāpuṇitvā na ceva aññamaññaṃ paṭipucchanti na ca paṭivicaranti – ‘idaṃ kathaṃ, imassa ko attho’ti? Te avivaṭañceva na vivaranti, anuttānīkatañca na uttānīkaronti, anekavihitesu ca kaṅkhāṭhāniyesu dhammesu kaṅkhaṃ na paṭivinodenti. Ayaṃ vuccati, bhikkhave, okkācitavinītā parisā no paṭipucchāvinītā.
「诸比库,这是两种众。哪两种?以倾倒而调教的众非以问答而调教,以问答而调教的众非以倾倒而调教。诸比库,什么是以倾倒而调教的众非以问答而调教?诸比库,于此,在某众中,当宣说那些如来所说的、甚深的、甚深义的、出世间的、与空性相应的诸经时,诸比库不乐闻,不倾耳,不住于了知心,不认为应学习、应通达那些法。然而当宣说那些诗作的、诗文的、文字庄严的、文句庄严的、外来的、声闻所说的诸经时,他们乐闻,倾耳,住于了知心,认为应学习、应通达那些法,他们通达那法后,既不互相问答,也不互相讨论——『这是如何?这个的意义是什么?』他们对未开显的不开显,对未阐明的不阐明,对种种引起疑惑处的诸法不除去疑惑。诸比库,这称为以倾倒而调教的众非以问答而调教。
‘‘Katamā ca, bhikkhave, paṭipucchāvinītā parisā nookkācitavinītā? Idha, bhikkhave, yassaṃ parisāyaṃ bhikkhū ye te suttantā kavitā kāveyyā cittakkharā cittabyañjanā bāhirakā sāvakabhāsitā tesu bhaññamānesu na sussūsanti na sotaṃ odahanti na aññā cittaṃ upaṭṭhapenti, na ca te dhamme uggahetabbaṃ pariyāpuṇitabbaṃ maññanti. Ye pana te suttantā tathāgatabhāsitā gambhīrā gambhīratthā lokuttarā suññatāpaṭisaṃyuttā tesu bhaññamānesu sussūsanti sotaṃ odahanti aññā cittaṃ upaṭṭhapenti, te ca dhamme uggahetabbaṃ pariyāpuṇitabbaṃ maññanti. Te taṃ dhammaṃ pariyāpuṇitvā aññamaññaṃ paṭipucchanti paṭivicaranti – ‘idaṃ kathaṃ, imassa ko attho’ti? Te avivaṭañceva vivaranti, anuttānīkatañca uttānīkaronti, anekavihitesu ca kaṅkhāṭhāniyesu dhammesu kaṅkhaṃ paṭivinodenti. Ayaṃ vuccati, bhikkhave, paṭipucchāvinītā parisā nookkācitavinītā. Imā kho, bhikkhave, dve parisā. Etadaggaṃ, bhikkhave, imāsaṃ dvinnaṃ parisānaṃ yadidaṃ paṭipucchāvinītā parisā nookkācitavinītā’’ti.
「诸比库,什么是以问答而调教的众非以倾倒而调教?诸比库,于此,在某众中,当宣说那些诗作的、诗文的、文字庄严的、文句庄严的、外来的、声闻所说的诸经时,诸比库不乐闻,不倾耳,不住于了知心,不认为应学习、应通达那些法。然而当宣说那些如来所说的、甚深的、甚深义的、出世间的、与空性相应的诸经时,他们乐闻,倾耳,住于了知心,认为应学习、应通达那些法。他们通达那法后,互相问答,互相讨论——『这是如何?这个的意义是什么?』他们对未开显的开显,对未阐明的阐明,对种种引起疑惑处的诸法除去疑惑。诸比库,这称为以问答而调教的众非以倾倒而调教。诸比库,这是两种众。诸比库,这两种众中,此为最上,即:以问答而调教的众非以倾倒而调教。」
§49
‘‘Dvemā, bhikkhave, parisā. Katamā dve? Āmisagaru parisā no saddhammagaru, saddhammagaru parisā no āmisagaru. Katamā ca, bhikkhave, āmisagaru parisā no saddhammagaru? Idha, bhikkhave, yassaṃ parisāyaṃ bhikkhū gihīnaṃ odātavasanānaṃ sammukhā aññamaññassa vaṇṇaṃ bhāsanti – ‘asuko bhikkhu ubhatobhāgavimutto, asuko paññāvimutto , asuko kāyasakkhī , asuko diṭṭhippatto, asuko saddhāvimutto, asuko dhammānusārī, asuko saddhānusārī, asuko sīlavā kalyāṇadhammo, asuko dussīlo pāpadhammo’ti. Te tena lābhaṃ labhanti. Te taṃ lābhaṃ labhitvā gathitā mucchitā ajjhopannā anādīnavadassāvino anissaraṇapaññā paribhuñjanti. Ayaṃ vuccati, bhikkhave, āmisagaru parisā no saddhammagaru.
「诸比库,这是两种众。哪两种?重利养的众非重正法,重正法的众非重利养。诸比库,什么是重利养的众非重正法?诸比库,于此,在某众中,诸比库在白衣居士面前互相赞叹——『某比库是俱分解脱者,某是慧解脱者,某是身证者,某是见至者,某是信解脱者,某是随法行者,某是随信行者,某是具戒善法者,某是破戒恶法者。』他们因此获得利养。他们获得那利养后,被缚、被迷醉、陷入、不见过患、无出离慧地受用。诸比库,这称为重利养的众非重正法。
‘‘Katamā ca, bhikkhave, saddhammagaru parisā noāmisagaru? Idha, bhikkhave, yassaṃ parisāyaṃ bhikkhū gihīnaṃ odātavasanānaṃ sammukhā aññamaññassa vaṇṇaṃ na bhāsanti – ‘asuko bhikkhu ubhatobhāgavimutto, asuko paññāvimutto, asuko kāyasakkhī, asuko diṭṭhippatto, asuko saddhāvimutto, asuko dhammānussārī, asuko saddhānusārī, asuko sīlavā kalyāṇadhammo, asuko dussīlo pāpadhammo’ti. Te tena lābhaṃ labhanti. Te taṃ lābhaṃ labhitvā agathitā amucchitā anajjhosannā ādīnavadassāvino nissaraṇapaññā paribhuñjanti. Ayaṃ vuccati, bhikkhave, saddhammagaru parisā noāmisagaru. Imā kho, bhikkhave, dve parisā. Etadaggaṃ, bhikkhave, imāsaṃ dvinnaṃ parisānaṃ yadidaṃ saddhammagaru parisā noāmisagarū’’ti.
「诸比库,什么是重正法的众非重利养?诸比库,于此,在某众中,诸比库在白衣居士面前不互相赞叹——『某比库是俱分解脱者,某是慧解脱者,某是身证者,某是见至者,某是信解脱者,某是随法行者,某是随信行者,某是具戒善法者,某是破戒恶法者。』他们因此获得利养。他们获得那利养后,不被缚、不被迷醉、不陷入、见过患、有出离慧地受用。诸比库,这称为重正法的众非重利养。诸比库,这是两种众。诸比库,这两种众中,此为最上,即:重正法的众非重利养。」
§50
‘‘Dvemā, bhikkhave, parisā. Katamā dve? Visamā ca parisā samā ca parisā. Katamā ca, bhikkhave, visamā parisā? Idha, bhikkhave, yassaṃ parisāyaṃ adhammakammāni pavattanti dhammakammāni nappavattanti , avinayakammāni pavattanti vinayakammāni nappavattanti, adhammakammāni dippanti dhammakammāni na dippanti, avinayakammāni dippanti vinayakammāni na dippanti. Ayaṃ vuccati, bhikkhave, visamā parisā. ( )
「诸比库,这是两种众。哪两种?不平等众与平等众。诸比库,什么是不平等众?诸比库,于此,在某众中,非法甘马进行,如法甘马不进行,非律甘马进行,如律甘马不进行,非法甘马显现,如法甘马不显现,非律甘马显现,如律甘马不显现。诸比库,这称为不平等众。
‘‘Katamā ca, bhikkhave, samā parisā? Idha, bhikkhave, yassaṃ parisāyaṃ dhammakammāni pavattanti adhammakammāni nappavattanti, vinayakammāni pavattanti avinayakammāni nappavattanti, dhammakammāni dippanti adhammakammāni na dippanti, vinayakammāni dippanti avinayakammāni na dippanti. Ayaṃ vuccati, bhikkhave, samā parisā. ( ) Imā kho, bhikkhave, dve parisā. Etadaggaṃ, bhikkhave, imāsaṃ dvinnaṃ parisānaṃ yadidaṃ samā parisā’’ti.
「诸比库,什么是平等众?诸比库,于此,在某众中,如法甘马进行,非法甘马不进行,如律甘马进行,非律甘马不进行,如法甘马显现,非法甘马不显现,如律甘马显现,非律甘马不显现。诸比库,这称为平等众。诸比库,这是两种众。诸比库,这两种众中,此为最上,即:平等众。」
§51
‘‘Dvemā, bhikkhave, parisā. Katamā dve? Adhammikā ca parisā dhammikā ca parisā…pe… imā kho, bhikkhave, dve parisā. Etadaggaṃ, bhikkhave, imāsaṃ dvinnaṃ parisānaṃ yadidaṃ dhammikā parisā’’ti.
「诸比库,这是两种众。哪两种?非法众与如法众……诸比库,这是两种众。诸比库,在这两种众中,这是最上的,即:如法众。」
§52
‘‘Dvemā, bhikkhave, parisā. Katamā dve? Adhammavādinī ca parisā dhammavādinī ca parisā. Katamā ca, bhikkhave, adhammavādinī parisā? Idha, bhikkhave, yassaṃ parisāyaṃ bhikkhū adhikaraṇaṃ ādiyanti dhammikaṃ vā adhammikaṃ vā. Te taṃ adhikaraṇaṃ ādiyitvā na ceva aññamaññaṃ saññāpenti na ca saññattiṃ upagacchanti, na ca nijjhāpenti na ca nijjhattiṃ upagacchanti. Te asaññattibalā anijjhattibalā appaṭinissaggamantino tameva adhikaraṇaṃ thāmasā parāmāsā abhinivissa voharanti – ‘idameva saccaṃ moghamañña’nti. Ayaṃ vuccati, bhikkhave, adhammavādinī parisā.
「诸比库,这是两种众。哪两种?说非法众与说法众。诸比库,什么是说非法众?诸比库,于此,在某众中,诸比库处理诤事,无论如法或非法。他们处理该诤事后,既不互相劝导,也不接受劝导,既不互相审察,也不接受审察。他们无劝导力、无审察力、不愿舍弃,固执、执取、坚持该诤事而说——『唯此是真实,其余是虚妄』。诸比库,这称为说非法众。
‘‘Katamā ca, bhikkhave, dhammavādinī parisā? Idha, bhikkhave, yassaṃ parisāyaṃ bhikkhū adhikaraṇaṃ ādiyanti dhammikaṃ vā adhammikaṃ vā. Te taṃ adhikaraṇaṃ ādiyitvā aññamaññaṃ saññāpenti ceva saññattiñca upagacchanti, nijjhāpenti ceva nijjhattiñca upagacchanti. Te saññattibalā nijjhattibalā paṭinissaggamantino, na tameva adhikaraṇaṃ thāmasā parāmāsā abhinivissa voharanti – ‘idameva saccaṃ moghamañña’nti. Ayaṃ vuccati, bhikkhave, dhammavādinī parisā. Imā kho, bhikkhave, dve parisā. Etadaggaṃ, bhikkhave, imāsaṃ dvinnaṃ parisānaṃ yadidaṃ dhammavādinī parisā’’ti.
「诸比库,什么是说法众?诸比库,于此,在某众中,诸比库处理诤事,无论如法或非法。他们处理该诤事后,互相劝导并接受劝导,互相审察并接受审察。他们有劝导力、有审察力、愿意舍弃,不固执、不执取、不坚持该诤事而说——『唯此是真实,其余是虚妄』。诸比库,这称为说法众。诸比库,这是两种众。诸比库,在这两种众中,这是最上的,即:说法众。」
Parisavaggo pañcamo. · 众品第五
Tassuddānaṃ –
其摄颂——
Uttānā vaggā aggavatī, ariyā kasaṭo ca pañcamo;
显露、品、最上、圣、粗恶为第五;
Okkācitaāmisañceva, visamā adhammādhammiyena cāti.
倾覆、利养、不平等、非法与如法。
Paṭhamo paṇṇāsako samatto. · 第一个五十完
2. Dutiyapaṇṇāsakaṃ
2. 第二个五十