(24) 4. Kammavaggo · (24) 4. 业品义注
(24) 4. Kammavaggo（24）第四 业品
1. Saṃkhittasuttavaṇṇanā第一 《略说经》注释
§232
232. Catutthassa paṭhame kaṇhanti kāḷakaṃ dasaakusalakammapathakammaṃ. Kaṇhavipākanti apāye nibbattanato kāḷakavipākaṃ. Sukkanti paṇḍarakaṃ kusalakammapathakammaṃ . Sukkavipākanti sagge nibbattanato paṇḍarakavipākaṃ. Kaṇhasukkanti missakakammaṃ. Kaṇhasukkavipākanti sukhadukkhavipākaṃ. Missakakammañhi katvā akusalena tiracchānayoniyaṃ maṅgalahatthiṭṭhānādīsu uppanno kusalena pavatte sukhaṃ vediyati. Kusalena rājakulepi nibbatto akusalena pavatte dukkhaṃ vediyati. Akaṇhaṃ asukkanti kammakkhayakaraṃ catumaggañāṇaṃ adhippetaṃ. Tañhi yadi kaṇhaṃ bhaveyya, kaṇhavipākaṃ dadeyya. Yadi sukkaṃ bhaveyya, sukkavipākaṃ dadeyya. Ubhayavipākassa pana appadānato akaṇhaṃ asukkanti ayamettha attho.
232. 第四中，首先解释「黑暗」者，谓十种不善业道的业。其「黑暗报」者，是由堕落而灭的黑暗业果。其次「明亮」者，谓聪慧的善业道业。其明亮果者，因安住天界而灭的明亮业果。黑暗明亮者，谓迷惑恶业。造作迷惑恶业者，便生诸如恶鬼畜生等畸形之趣，虽由善业转生，然感受痛苦。由善业者，即便王侯世家亦安住涅槃；由不善业者，则生苦受。无黑暗无明亮者，谓能灭业并依《四圣谛》智慧而禁止业。若有黑暗，便生黑暗果报；若有明亮，便得明亮果报。惟两类果报之中，因断除少许，因此无黑暗无明亮，此为此义所归。
2. Vitthārasuttavaṇṇanā第二 《详说经》注释
§233
233. Dutiye sabyābajjhanti sadosaṃ. Kāyasaṅkhāranti kāyadvāracetanaṃ. Abhisaṅkharotīti āyūhati sampiṇḍeti. Sesadvayepi eseva nayo. Sabyābajjhaṃ lokanti sadukkhaṃ lokaṃ. Sabyābajjhā phassāti sadukkhā vipākaphassā. Sabyābajjhaṃ vedanaṃ vediyatīti sābādhaṃ vipākavedanaṃ vediyati. Ekantadukkhanti ekanteneva dukkhaṃ, na sukhasammissaṃ. Seyyathāpi sattā nerayikāti ettha seyyathāpīti nidassanatthe nipāto. Tena kevalaṃ nerayikasatte dasseti, aññe pana taṃsarikkhakā nāma natthi. Iminā upāyena sabbattha attho veditabbo. Seyyathāpi manussātiādīsu pana manussānaṃ tāva kālena sukhā vedanā uppajjati, kālena dukkhā vedanā. Ekacceca devāti ettha pana kāmāvacaradevā daṭṭhabbā. Tesañhi mahesakkhatarā devatā disvā nisinnāsanato vuṭṭhānaṃ, pārutauttarāsaṅgassa otāraṇaṃ, añjalipaggaṇhanantiādīnaṃ vasena kālena dukkhaṃ uppajjati, dibbasampattiṃ anubhavantānaṃ kālena sukhaṃ. Ekacce ca vinipātikāti ettha vemānikapetā daṭṭhabbā. Te nirantarameva ekasmiṃ kāle sukhaṃ, ekasmiṃ kāle dukkhaṃ vediyanti. Nāgasupaṇṇahatthiassādayo pana manussā viya vokiṇṇasukhadukkhāva honti. Pahānāya yā cetanāti ettha vivaṭṭagāminī maggacetanā veditabbā. Sā hi kammakkhayāya saṃvattatīti.
233. 第二讲解「恶业」者，即谤毁怨恨之意。谓身行所起之身根意念。所谓「堆积」者，聚合反复产生。即使残余两者，也同理。谓恶业习染之世界即苦难世界。恶业遍布之触，乃苦痛果报触。谓痛苦受感受，因恶业果报而成。谓唯是痛苦，绝无快乐。如同众生为地狱者，此处为说明方便，称为「类似」地狱。故有地狱众生单一体表现，非指界限之地狱。由此可见，此理当普遍适用。譬如人间等，时而得乐时而得苦。有些天众多为欲界天。目睹诸天神坐卧起身，除去上衣，下除内衣，合掌礼拜等久而生苦，享天界福报时则生乐。有些则为饿鬼道众，常在某一时感乐，某一时感苦。如同有龙、猛禽及象等，似人间受苦乐交替。谓断除此业者，即通达无畏之道之心，此即业灭。
3. Soṇakāyanasuttavaṇṇanā第三 《索那咖亚那经》注释
§234
234. Tatiye sikhāmoggallānoti sīsamajjhe ṭhitāya mahatiyā sikhāya samannāgato moggallānagotto brāhmaṇo. Purimānīti atītānantaradivasato paṭṭhāya purimāni, dutiyādito paṭṭhāya purimatarāni veditabbāni. Soṇakāyanoti tasseva antevāsiko. Kammasaccāyaṃ bho lokoti bho ayaṃ loko kammasabhāvo. Kammasamārambhaṭṭhāyīti kammasamārambhena tiṭṭhati. Kammaṃ āyūhantova tiṭṭhati, anāyūhanto ucchijjatīti dīpeti. Sesaṃ heṭṭhā vuttanayameva.
234. 第三讲述「顶发大马哈摩嘎喇那」，谓其头顶居于中央，具大喻顶发，世尊支系婆罗门出生者。谓「过去日」，是指过往时日，针对于第一，第二等讲说各种过去。谓「须那界」，是其末代居住者。谓业之真实，即此界因业生成世界。谓「业起势所」，即由于造业而现起。业如堆聚而立，不堆聚时则断灭，此理明白说明。余文继述。
4-9. Sikkhāpadasuttādivaṇṇanā第四至第九 《学处经》等注释
§235
235. Catutthādīnipi uttānatthāneva. Maggaṅgesu pana yasmā satiyā upaṭṭhapetvā paññāya paricchindati, tasmā ubhayameva kammaṃ. Sesā aṅgāneva honti, no kammanti vuttaṃ. Bojjhaṅgesupi eseva nayo. Abhidhamme pana sabbampetaṃ avisesena cetanāsampayuttakammanteva vaṇṇitaṃ.
235. 第四及后续条文，是讲述事理根本。谓八正道中，由于正念所坚定而由智慧分别，故二者俱存。余部分只体现在八正道支。觉支亦如此理。阿毗达摩论述，一切业皆由具特意念依附之业而成，是此原则。
10. Samaṇasuttavaṇṇanā第十 《沙门经》注释
§241
241. Dasame idhevāti imasmiṃyeva sāsane. Ayaṃ pana niyamo sesapadesupi veditabbo. Dutiyādayopi hi samaṇā idheva, na aññattha. Suññāti rittā tucchā. Parappavādāti cattāro sassatavādā, cattāro ekaccasassatikā, cattāro antānantikā, cattāro amarāvikkhepikā, dve adhiccasamuppannikā, soḷasa saññivādā, aṭṭha asaññivādā, aṭṭha nevasaññināsaññivādā, satta ucchedavādā, pañca diṭṭhadhammanibbānavādāti ime sabbepi brahmajāle āgatadvāsaṭṭhidiṭṭhiyo ito bāhirānaṃ paresaṃ pavādā parappavādā nāma. Te sabbepi imehi catūhi phalaṭṭhakasamaṇehi suññā. Na hi te ettha santi. Na kevalañca eteheva suññā , catūhi pana maggaṭṭhakasamaṇehipi, catunnaṃ maggānaṃ atthāya āraddhavipassakehipīti dvādasahipi samaṇehi suññā eva. Idameva atthaṃ sandhāya bhagavatā mahāparinibbāne (dī. ni. 2.214) vuttaṃ –
241. 第十条文谈「此世上」，即指此教法中。此法乃理应于余文中体会。谓「空」者，虚无无有；谓「外道谤法」，指四类常见外道论说：常断常续四类派别、十六相混杂派、八见恶见诸派、七绝灭见及五见断灭见，皆属外道邪见。此诸邪见皆以四果圣弟子为无所证而云空。实则此皆谬盲不实，乃陷于邪见之网。此理亦当于处处领悟。又如人见等，诸人间时而生乐苦受。此处不立他意。此义世尊于大般涅槃时所说。
‘‘Ekūnatiṃso vayasā subhadda,
“三十二岁时，苏拔达——
Yaṃ pabbajiṃ kiṃkusalānuesī;
那出家者是追随善法者；
Vassāni paññāsa samādhikāni,
历五十余年，
Yato ahaṃ pabbajito subhadda;
因为我出家恭敬正庄严者；
Ñāyassa dhammassa padesavattī,
是知法者所在地区的随顺者，
Ito bahiddhā samaṇopi natthi’’.
在这里和外方均无他沙门存在。」
‘‘Dutiyopi samaṇo natthi, tatiyopi samaṇo natthi, catutthopi samaṇo natthi, suññā parappavādā samaṇehi aññehī’’ti . Ettha hi padesavattīti āraddhavipassako adhippeto. Tasmā sotāpattimaggassa āraddhavipassakaṃ maggaṭṭhaṃ phalaṭṭhanti tayopi ekato katvā ‘‘samaṇopi natthī’’ti āha, sakadāgāmimaggassa āraddhavipassakaṃ maggaṭṭhaṃ phalaṭṭhanti tayopi ekato katvā ‘‘dutiyopi samaṇo natthī’’ti āha. Itaresupi dvīsu eseva nayo. Ekādasamaṃ uttānatthamevāti.
“第二位沙门也无，第三位沙门也无，第四位沙门也无，空虚误导他人之沙门尽皆无。”这里所谓“所在地区”指有深入观慧者居住之处。故此，断除初果圣道者，于圣道果位未至前即得解脱，亦曾单独作此言“沙门也无”；断除斯果圣道者，于圣道果未达时亦曾独自言“第二位沙门也无”。其他两处亦同此法。故曰此处第十一者，唯为显明其优越之意义。
Kammavaggo catuttho. · 第四业品。