7. Cittasaṃyuttaṃ · 7. 吉德相应复注
7. Cittasaṃyuttaṃ七、吉德相应
1. Saṃyojanasuttavaṇṇanā一、《结经》注释
§343
343.Bhogagāmanti bhoguppattigāmaṃ. Pavattatīti appaṭihataṃ hutvā pavattati paṭisambhidappattiyā.
343.「Bhogagāmanti」意指趋向享乐的村庄(聚落)。「Bhoguppattigāmaṃ」即指乐趣或享受得以产生的村落所在之地。此处「Pavattatīti」表示活动、发生,特指不受阻碍地活动、发生。依此义理,若「不受阻碍」成立,即无碍,则活动自然地起;此即「paṭisambhidappattiyā」的说明,意为由于具备分解分析的能力故能发生。
Saṃyojanasuttavaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā. · 《结经》注释终。
2. Paṭhamaisidattasuttavaṇṇanā二、《第一伊西达德经》注释
§344
344.Avisāradattāti pañhaṃ byākātuṃ veyyattiyābhāvena asamatthattā. Upāsako theresu byākātuṃ asakkontesu sayaṃ byākātukāmo pucchati, na vihesādhippāyo. Paṭhamavacanena abyākaronte disvāva punappunaṃ pucchitaṃ viheso viya hotīti katvā vuttaṃ ‘‘vihesetī’’ti.
344.「Avisāradattāti」表示因不具备阐明问题的技能与能力,导致无法胜任解答。有些居士及长老不能自说,而渴望自行阐释者,则提出询问,非出于恶意争辩。首语未能明确说明时,常反复询问,若听者未明确,则如争执般反复纠缠,因此称之「vihesetī」(争执)。
Paṭhamaisidattasuttavaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā. · 《第一伊西达德经》注释终。
3. Dutiyaisidattasuttavaṇṇanā三、《第二伊西达德经》注释
§345
345.Avantiyāti avantiraṭṭhe, taṃ pana majjhimapadesato dakkhiṇadisāyaṃ. Tenāha ‘‘dakkhiṇāpathe’’ti. Adhippāyenāti tassa vacanassa anumodanādhippāyena vadati, na pana tato kiñci gahetukāmatādhippāyena.
345. 『阿宛堤』者,即阿宛堤国。该国位于中部地区的南方,故经文言『南道』。『随意』者,谓随顺彼语而表赞许之意,而非有意从中取得任何物品。
Dutiyaisidattasuttavaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā. · 《第二伊西达德经》注释终了。
4. Mahakapāṭihāriyasuttavaṇṇanā四、《玛哈咖神变经》注释
§346
346.Tesaṃ anujānantoti tesaṃ dāsakammakarānaṃ sesake yathāruci vicāraṇaṃ anujānanto. Kudhitanti balavatā sūriyasantāpena saṅkuthitaṃ . Tenāha ‘‘heṭṭhā’’tiādi. Atitikhiṇanti ativiya tikkhadhātukaṃ. Asambhinnapadanti aññattha anāgatattā tipiṭake avomissakapadaṃ, idheva āgatapadanti attho. Paṭilīyamānenāti paṭikaṃsena visesanena vilīyamānena kāyena.
346.「Tesaṃ anujānantoti」意指对那些为他人工作侍奉的奴仆们,按其喜好,有所允准和考虑。因太阳强烈灼烤,形状变得扭曲,故称「Heṭṭhā」等。」「Atitikhiṇanti」指过甚而极苦的类似敏锐之义。另「Asambhinnapadanti」则在三藏中特指未合成的词句含义,在此指实际发生的现有之法。」「Paṭilīyamānenāti」意指以相反、特殊之方式使身体溶合进入。
Ettha cāti etasmiṃ adhiṭṭhāniddhikaraṇe. Abbhamaṇḍapaṃ katvāti samantato chādanavasena maṇḍapaṃ viya meghapaṭalaṃ uppādetvā. Devoti megho. Ekamekaṃ phusitakaṃ phusāyatu jālavinaddhaṃ viya vassatu. Evaṃ vuttappakārena nānāparikammaṃ nānādhiṭṭhānaṃ ekato parikammaṃ ekato adhiṭṭhānanti catukkamettha sambhavatīti dasseti ‘‘ettha cā’’tiādinā. Yathā tathāti yathāvuttesu catūsu pakāresu yena vā tena vā pakārena karontassa. Kataparikammassāti ‘‘evaṃ vā evaṃ vā hotū’’ti pavattitaparikammacittassa. ‘‘Parikammānantarenāti adhiṭṭhānacittuppādanatthaṃ samāpannapādakajjhānato vuṭṭhāya adhiṭṭhānacittassa ekāvajjanavīthiyaṃ pavattaparikammaṃ sandhāya vutta’’nti vadanti.
「Ettha cāti」表示于此处之决断施行。 「Abbhamaṇḍapaṃ katvāti」指四周以覆盖物构筑庇护所,宛如云彩遮蔽。称「Devo」为云也。各个独立部分如细雨滋润,宛如用网缚住下雨,故称此雨。此说明诸多意图的不同作法,包含多种定意的分别实施,即表明四种不同的施行方法同时存在。 「Yathā tathāti」即表示,根据所述四种表达方法中任何一种施行者,皆业已发生。 「Kataparikammassāti」即业已发生之作法心念,指明决断已成。 「Parikammānantarenāti」以生起于定心集中之意念,确保只发生一条定意施行道路,因而说明定意行法之意。
Mahakapāṭihāriyasuttavaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā. · 《玛哈咖神变经》注释终了。
5. Paṭhamakāmabhūsuttavaṇṇanā五、《第一咖马部经》注释
§347
347. Elaṃ vuccati doso, taṃ etassa natthīti nelaṃ, taṃ aṅgaṃ etassāti nelaṅgo, suvisuddhasīlaguṇo. Tenāha ‘‘nelaṅganti kho, bhante, sīlānametaṃ adhivacana’’nti. Aṭṭhakathāyaṃ pana dosābhāvameva dassetuṃ ‘‘nelaṅgoti niddoso’’ti vuttaṃ. Etaṃ bhikkhuṃ āgacchantanti mahākappinattheraṃ sandhāya vuttaṃ. Attano diṭṭhena kathesīti attano sabbaññutaññāṇena paccakkhato upalakkhitena atthena kathesi. Ayaṃ pana nayaggāhenāti ayaṃ pana gahapati asutvā kevalaṃ nayaggāhena āha.
347. 『艾拉』[Pali: elaṃ]谓过失;此人无有此过失,故称『内艾拉』[Pali: nelaṃ];具此特质,故称『内艾拉咖』[Pali: nelaṅgo],即戒德极为清净之义。故经言:『尊者,「内艾拉咖」者,乃戒德之别名也。』然注疏中,为单显无过失之义,故言:『「内艾拉咖」者,即无过失也。』『来赴此比库』者,此语针对玛哈咖毕那长老而说。『以自所见而说』者,谓以自己一切知智亲自现见所了知之义而说。『此乃以推断领会』者,谓此居士并非亲从他处听闻,仅凭推断领会而说。
Paṭhamakāmabhūsuttavaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā. · 《第一咖马部经》注释终了。
6. Dutiyakāmabhūsuttavaṇṇanā六、《第二咖马部经》注释
§348
348.Nirodhaṃvalañjeti anāgāmibhāvato. Ime saṅkhārāti ime ‘‘kāyasaṅkhāro, vacīsaṅkhāro, cittasaṅkhāro’’ti vuccamānā tayo saṅkhārā. Saddatopi, atthatopi aññamaññaṃ missā, tato eva āluḷitā ākulā, avibhūtā dubbibhāvanā, duddīpanā asaṅkarato dīpetuṃ dukkarā. Tathā hi kusalacetanā eva ‘‘kāyasaṅkhāro’’tipi vuccati, ‘‘vacīsaṅkhāro’’tipi, ‘‘cittasaṅkhāro’’tipi. Assāsapassāsāpi katthaci ‘‘kāyasaṅkhāro’’ti, vitakkavicārāpi ‘‘vacīsaṅkhāro’’ti vuccanti, saññāvedanāpi ‘‘cittasaṅkhāro’’ti vuccanti. Tena vuttaṃ ‘‘tathā hī’’tiādi. Tattha ākaḍḍhitvā gahaṇaṃ ādānaṃ, sampattassa hatthe karaṇaṃ gahaṇaṃ, gahitassa vissajjanaṃ muñcanaṃ, phandanaṃ copanaṃ pāpetvā nipphādetvā. Hanusañcopananti kāyaviññattivasena pubbabhāge hanusañcopanaṃ katvā. Evañhi vacībhedakaraṇaṃ. Evaṃ imetiādi yathāvuttassa atthassa nigamanaṃ.
348. 无余涅槃是指不来果位。这里所说的“行”是指这三种:身体行、语行、心行。虽然名称相同,实际上彼此遮蔽扭曲,杂乱苦恼,无法分别清楚地显现出各自的善妙本质。实则,只有善心所造的才被称作“身体行”“语行”“心行”。甚至呼吸进出有时称为“身体行”,思维活动称为“语行”,认知感受则称为“心行”。因此有云“正是如此”等。这里指的是收摄、持取牢固,得现成用手拿持,持有则不释手,放下则离开,束缚除去,断灭,使其消散。所谓鼻孔前端的呼吸出摄,即以前身当作呼吸呼入之处,类似于语音发出器官即口已端着断绝。如此即是语分别的本质。说“如此乃是”是对教义恰当说法的结束。
Padatthaṃ pucchati itarasaṅkhārehi padatthato visesaṃ kathāpessāmīti. Kāyanissitāti ettha kāyanissitatā ca nesaṃ tabbhāvabhāvitāya veditabbā, na kāyassa nissayapaccayatāvasenāti dassento ‘‘kāye sati honti, asati na hontī’’ti āha. Kāyoti cettha karajakāyo daṭṭhabbo. Cittanissitāti cittaṃ nissāya taṃ nissayapaccayabhūtaṃ labhitvā uppannā.
这里问到字义,是要用不同的行(行法)来分解别释。所谓依身,即此处必须见身依赖之义,不能以身为依缘来说。因为有说“身在则有,身灭则无”。这里所说的“身”是指身体的构成成分。所谓依心,即依赖心所产生,因缘而得,由此而成。
‘‘Samāpajjāmī’’ti padassa samīpe vuccamānaṃ ‘‘samāpajjissa’’nti padaṃ āsannānāgatakālavācī eva bhavituṃ yuttaṃ, na itaranti āha – ‘‘padadvayena nevasaññānāsaññāyatanasamāpattikālo kathito’’ti. Tayidaṃ tassa tathā vattabbatāya vuttaṃ, na pana tassa tathā cittapavattisambhavato. Samāpannepi eseva nayo. Purimehīti ‘‘samāpajjissaṃ samāpajjāmī’’ti dvīhi padehi. Pacchimenāti ‘‘samāpanno’’ti padena.
“我入定了”这句所指的“入定者”是将来时的词态,表示将要入定,如不这样说就不妥当。因为两字连用时,并不是说现在无分别心与分别心的入定时间。所以这句话是为合教义说,然而心法运行并非如是。即便已入定也是如此。以前文说:“入定者,我入定了”为两句,后面则以“已入定”的词结束。
Bhāvitaṃ hoti uppāditaṃ hoti nirodhasamāpannatthāya. Anupubbasamāpattisamāpajjanasaṅkhātāya nirodhabhāvanāya taṃ cittaṃ bhāvitaṃ hoti. Tenāha ‘‘yaṃ ta’’ntiādi. Dutiyajjhāneyevāti dutiyajjhānakkhaṇe nirujjhati. Tattha anuppajjanato anuppādanato heṭṭhā nirodhoti adhippeto. Catunnaṃ arūpakkhandhānaṃ tajjā parikammasiddhā yā appavatti , tattha ‘‘nirodhasamāpattisaññā’’ti, yā nesaṃ tathā appavatti. Sā ‘‘antonirodhe nirujjhatī’’ti vuttā.
(此处)指行持而生成用于断灭实现的心法。所谓逐步次第入定,称为入定的心所发生。故说“那个”诸行。第二禅时于禅定当下即断欲令止息。所谓该处指非生非起的灭,即息灭。四种无色界的业障因行嗣地已断。又此处显现为“灭入定的认知”,即证得灭的禅定。故云“内灭中断灭”。
‘‘Cittasaṅkhāro niruddho’’ti vacanato tadaññesaṃ anirodhaṃ icchantānaṃ vādaṃ dassento ‘‘cittasaṅkhāro niruddhoti vacanato’’tiādiṃ vatvā tattha atippasaṅgadassanamukhena taṃ vādaṃ nisedhetuṃ ‘‘te vattabbā’’tiādimāha. Abhinivesaṃ akatvāti yathāgate byañjanamatte abhinivesaṃ akatvā. Ācariyānaṃ nayeti ācariyānaṃ paramparāgate dhammanaye dhammanettiyaṃ ṭhatvā.
“心行被止息”一语乃表述他人否定残余灭的说法。有人说“心行被止息”等话,引发了过分的误解,因此须加以否定该说法,说“正应如此说”等。所谓不取著正如以前之标记不取。师承传法者即以此正法为师法之纲领。
Kiriyamayapavattasminti parittabhūmakakusalākusaladhammapabandhe vattamāne. Tasmiñhi vattamāne kāyika-vācasika-kiriyasampavatti hoti, dassana-savanādivasena ārammaṇaggahaṇe pavattamāneti attho. Tenāha – ‘‘bahiddhārammaṇesu pasāde ghaṭṭentesū’’ti. Makkhitāni viyāti puñchitāni viya honti ghaṭṭanāya vibādhitattā. Etenāyaṃ ghaṭṭanā pañcadvārikaviññāṇānaṃ vegasā uppajjanāya na ārammaṇanti dasseti. Tenevāha – ‘‘antonirodhe pañca pasādā ativiya virocantī’’ti.
此指以行为现行而转变的现象,均属善恶法的连锁束缚之中。此时有身语业的现行和行为的发生,因为听闻佛法开悟了无明,故有觉受感知等增长。故云“外尘境起于思想者”,例如如钵中水波,被风吹动时波峰起伏。此波起伏不从五根识之激活而生,因此说“五种境界于内灭中极度辉显”。
Tato paraṃ sacittako bhavissāmīti idaṃ atthato āpannaṃ gahetvā vuttaṃ – ‘‘ettakaṃ kālaṃ acittako bhavissāmī’’ti eteneva tassa atthassa siddhattā. Yaṃ evaṃ bhāvitanti ettha visuṃ cittassa bhāvanā nāma natthi, addhānaparicchedaṃ pana katvā nirodhasamāpattatthāya kātabbaparikammabhāvanāya eva tassa sijjhanato.
接着“我将成为无心者”的意念由此而生,此乃从意义上真正发生,以此为根据作出说明:『吾将长时间无心』。正因这一意义的成立,那种称为『如此修习者』的状态存在。而此处所说的普遍心之修习,并非指全部心念的修持,只是在断除之果得成就时,为遂行所应当作之修习而修的功课,因而消退。
Sā panesā nirodhakathā. Dvīhi balehīti samathavipassanābalehi. Tayo ca saṅkhārānanti tiṇṇaṃ kāyavacīcittasaṅkhārānaṃ paṭippassaddhiyā. Soḷasahi ñāṇacariyāhīti aniccānupassanādīnaṃ aṭṭhannaṃ anupassanāñāṇānaṃ, aṭṭhannañca maggaphalañāṇānaṃ vasena imāhi soḷasahi ñāṇappavattīhi. Navahi samādhicariyāhīti aṭṭha samāpattiyo aṭṭha samādhicariyā, tāsaṃ upacārasamādhi samādhibhāvasāmaññena ekā samādhicariyāti evaṃ navahi samādhicariyāhi. Vasībhāvatāpaññāti vasībhāvatāsaṅkhātā paññā. Sabbākārena visuddhimagge kathitā, te tāva ākārā tiṭṭhantu, sarūpamattassa panassa vattabbanti āha – ‘‘ko panāyaṃ nirodho nāmā’’ti. Yadi khandhānaṃ appavatti, atha kimatthametaṃ jhānasukhādiṃ viya samāpajjantīti āha ‘‘saṅkhārāna’’ntiādi.
以上即所谓断灭之说。所谓两种力量者,指的是定力与慧力二者。三者名为意根的行,是指身体、语言、心三种行的澄清力。这是一六十六种知识行,即由八种对无常观照的见知与认知、八种用于修行道果的见知所组成,此六十六种知识连续发生。九种禅修行,即八种成就与由近行禅所生成之一种禅修行,合计共九种禅修行。以清净所生成的慧名之。整体上讲,前述各法依次说明了净道之形态,这些形态暂且存在,但与实质相合地说人曰:“这所谓断灭是为何?”若断除五蕴,则疑问此修行是否如禅那安乐等境而得?所以说“行”等语。
Phalasamāpatticittanti arahattaṃ anāgāmiphalacittaṃ. ‘‘Tato paraṃ bhavaṅgasamaye’’ti vuttattā āha ‘‘kiṃ pana…pe… na samuṭṭhāpetī’’ti. Samuṭṭhāpeti rūpasamuppādakattā. Imassāti nirodhaṃ samāpannabhikkhuno. Sā na samuṭṭhāpetīti sā catutthajjhānikā phalasamāpatti na samuṭṭhāpeti assāsapassāse. Phalasamāpattiyā catutthajjhānikabhāvo kathaṃ nicchitoti āha – ‘‘kiṃ vā etenā’’tiādi. Vakkhamānākārenapi parihāro hotīti. Santasamāpattitoti nirodhasamāpattimeva sandhāya vadati. Abbohārikā honti atisukhumasabhāvattā, sañjīvattherassa pubbe samāpattikkhaṇe assāsapassāsā abbohārikabhāvaṃ gacchanti. Tena vuttaṃ ‘‘bhavaṅgasamayenevetaṃ kathita’’nti.
果处心,指的是阿拉汉果、无余涅槃果之心。因论及“此后于心行集时”,故说“然则为何……不生起?”此处诠释为由色蕴起生之“生起”。此断灭者是断除之比库。所谓“不生起”者,指的是第四禅时果处心在呼吸现象上不生起。关于果处时出现第四禅果处心的实证,故问“是否如此以此等为例?”等语。譬喻有言论之表现也可去除。所谓集已得成,即断灭的成就。烦恼柔细如蜉蝣般众多,是昔日生起定时呼吸细微之情形。故此说“其于心行集时诸法如是宣说”。
Kiriyamaya…pe… uppajjatīti kasmā vuttaṃ? Nanu bhavaṅguppattikālampi vitakkavicārā uppajjantevāti? Kiñcāpi uppajjanti, vacīsaṅkhāralakkhaṇappattā pana na hontīti imamatthaṃ dassetuṃ ‘‘kiṃ bhavaṅga’’ntiādi vuttaṃ.
论及“行为作意……等起”,为何如此说?岂非于心行生起时也有思虑分别生起乎?确实有所生起,但言说此处是心行特有之性质,则有如“心行为何”之语出现,以示其义。
Suññato phassotiādayo saguṇenapi ārammaṇenāti ārammaṇabhūtametaṃ. Suññatā nāma phalasamāpatti niccasukhaattasabhāvato suññattā. ‘‘Suññato phasso’’ti vuttaṃ vuttanayena suññasabhāvattā. Animittā nāma phalasamāpatti rāganimittādīnaṃ abhāvato. Appaṇihitā nāma phalasamāpatti rāgapaṇidhiādīnamabhāvato. Sesaṃ vuttanayameva. Tenāha ‘‘animittappaṇihitesupi eseva nayo’’ti. Rāganimittādīnanti ettha ādi-saddena saṅkhāranimittassapi saṅgaho daṭṭhabbo. Yadaggena phalasamāpattisamphasso suññato nāma, tadaggena phalasamāpattipi suññatā nāma, phassasīsena pana desanā āgatāti tathā vuttaṃ. Animittappaṇihitesupi eseva nayo.
所谓空触及诸由感官生起的感受,谓感官本具特性。空,乃是果处因其常行安乐的本性而为“空”。“空触之说”是说明空无自性的本质。无因之说,谓果处因无染因而生。微妙的,谓果处因无染届止因而生。以上皆是该说。故曰“无因与微妙等也包含此类别。”之语。所谓染因是由行因缘所摄。因其果处感触称为空故,故名果处空;感触之谶起即如是宣说。无因微妙等亦同理。
Āgamanaṃ ettha, etāyāti vā āgamanikā, sā eva āgamaniyā ka-kārassa ya-kāraṃ katvā. Vuṭṭhāti nimittato maggassa uppādanena. Animittā nāma niccanimittassa ugghāṭanato. Ettha ca vuṭṭhānameva pamāṇaṃ, na pariggahadassanāni. Appaṇihitā nāma sukhapaṇidhiyā paṭipakkhato. Suññatā nāma attadiṭṭhiyā ujupaṭipakkhattā sattasuññatāya sudiṭṭhattā. Maggo animitto nāma vipassanāgamanato. Phalaṃ animittaṃ nāma maggāgamanato. Vikappo āpajjeyya āgamanassa vavatthānassa abhāvena, vipassanāya animittādināmalābho avavatthitoti adhippāyo. Tena vuttaṃ ‘‘tasmā’’tiādi. Yasmā pana sā maggavuṭṭhānakāle evarūpāpi hotīti tassa vasena maggaphalānaṃ viya phassassapi pavattirūpattā yathāvutto vikappo anavasaroti daṭṭhabbaṃ. Tayo phassā phusantīti puggalabhedavasena vuttaṃ. Na hi ekaṃyeva puggalaṃ etasmiṃ khaṇe tayo phassā phusanti. ‘‘Tividho phasso phusatī’’ti vā bhavitabbaṃ. Yasmā pana ‘‘nirodhaphalasamāpattiyā vuṭṭhitassā’’tiādi yassa yathāvuttā tayo eva phassā sambhavanti, tassa anavasesaggahaṇavaseneva vuttaṃ ‘‘tayo phassā phusantī’’ti.
此说“来”,或曰“来行”,指的是来行法,即从因缘生起的过程。所谓“出现”,指因缘道生起之原理。无因者是指恒久不变的缘起法之揭现。此所谓出现者是量,不是概念上的示现。所谓微妙者,是对幸福因所对立异執的破灭。空者,是正见对断灭之彻见,具备七空自在现前。道之来,即是因观照而生的觉悟境界。果之无因者,是由道生之果。若变化出现,因缘障碍出现,智慧观照无因生故障,便会出现。故说“因此”等语。正因如此,得道之时,即有此种情形,正如前所述,果处感触乃至诸果亦具变化而非不变。谓三种感触分别生起,对不同众生亦如此。因“果处断灭成就时”的前提而言,正如所言,彼时感触有三种,故曰:“三类感触皆起”。
Nibbānaṃ viveko nāma sabbasaṅkhāravivittabhāvato. Tasmiṃ viveke ekanteneva ninnapoṇattā eva hi te paṭippassaddhasabbussukkā uttamapurisā catunnaṃ khandhānaṃ appavattiṃ anavasesaggahaṇalakkhaṇaṃ nirodhasamāpattiṃ samāpajjantīti.
涅槃者名为寂静,其本质为诸有为法悉皆断尽之境。在此寂静中,真切清净之心专注于此,不复退转,善妙之人能够止息四蕴的活动,不为延续而生,无任何残余,断除一切缠扰,证入寂灭的境界。
Dutiyakāmabhūsuttavaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā. · 第二《咖摩浮经》注释结束。
7. Godattasuttavaṇṇanā七、《果达德经》注释
§349
349.Nesanti appamāṇacetovimutti-ākiñcaññacetovimuttisaññitānaṃ jhānānaṃ. Atthopi nānāti ānetvā yojanā. Pharaṇaappamāṇatāya ‘‘appamāṇā cetovimuttī’’ti laddhanāmaṃ brahmavihārajjhānanti āha ‘‘bhūmantarato’’tiādi. Ākiñcaññā cetovimuttīti ākiñcaññāyatanajjhānanti āha ‘‘bhūmantarato’’tiādi. Vipassanāti aniccānupassanā, sabbāpi vā. Pamāṇakaraṇo nāma yassa sayaṃ uppajjati, tassa guṇābhāvadassanavasena pamāṇakaraṇato.
第三百四十九条。不生无量心解脱、不住无边心解脱,乃至被称为禅定者。其义多样,广泛连结。所谓无量心解脱,是因具无量广阔而称之为“无量心解脱”的梵行禅定,且说从‘地狱界’等起。所谓无边心解脱,则谓无边处禅定,亦称从‘地狱界’起。观行即无常观,仅指对一切诸法之无常观照。所谓“量的依据”,是因自生起,且由其性质、显现、非性质的区别而称之为“量的依据”。
Pharaṇaappamāṇatāyāti pharaṇavasena appamāṇagocaratāya. Nibbānampi appamāṇameva pamāṇagocarānaṃ kilesānaṃ ārammaṇabhāvassapi anāgamanato. Khalanti khale pasāritasālisīsādibhaṇḍaṃ. Kiñcehīti maddassu. Tenāha ‘‘maddanaṭṭho’’ti. Ārammaṇabhūtaṃ, palibuddhakaṃ vā natthi etassa kiñcananti akiñcanaṃ, akiñcanameva ākiñcaññaṃ.
所谓梵无量者,以梵行而具无量,广大的境界也。涅槃亦属于无量量境之内,因其爱染无明等烦恼根本不生而非堕入烦恼的境域。如同泥地、扬起的稻杆残渣等物。问此为何?答曰无所依止。故此称为“无依止处”。无依止、无所有,谓无所有,此即无所有境。
Rūpanimittassāti kasiṇarūpanimittassa. Na gahitāti sarūpato na gahitā, atthato pana gahitā eva. Tenāha – ‘‘sā suññā rāgenātiādivacanato sabbattha anupavitthāvā’’ti.
所谓色相,是指遍行光明色相。所谓未得持者,不是被色相所束缚,而是本质上已被摄持。故言:“此无色尘”,彼处不染著诸染纤尘,自然遍处无染。
Nānāti saddavasena. Ekatthāti ārammaṇavasena ārammaṇabhāvena ekasabhāvā. Tenāha ‘‘appamāṇaṃ…pe… ekatthā’’ti. Ārammaṇavasenāti ārammaṇassa vasena. Cattāro hi maggā, cattāri phalāni ārammaṇavasena nibbānapaviṭṭhatāya ekatthā ekārammaṇā. Aññasmiṃ pana ṭhāneti idaṃ visuṃ visuṃ gahetvā vuttaṃ appamāṇādi pariyāyavuttaṃ, nibbānaṃ ārabbha pavattanato. Tasmā ‘‘aññasmi’’nti idaṃ tena tena pariyāyena tattha tattha āgatabhāvaṃ sandhāya vuttaṃ.
意在说明别别了解其名称。所谓“合一”,是指因缘境界合一而成一体。故称“无量……合一”。所谓“因缘相续”,是指因缘互相保持。四圣道、四果皆因缘合一,属于同一状态。至于他处,则分处不同,因故有详述无量等数种说法,皆从不同角度说明涅槃内含诸义。故言“他处”,即以不同名称,各各分别真理之现前,以相应说明。
Godattasuttavaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā. · 《果达德经》注释结束。
8. Nigaṇṭhanāṭaputtasuttavaṇṇanā八、《尼乾陀若提子经》注释
§350
350.Āgatāgamoti vācuggatapariyattidhammo. Viññātasāsanoti paṭividdhasatthusāsano. Tenāha ‘‘anāgāmī’’tiādi. Naggabhogganti avasanabhāvena naggaṃ, kuṭilajjhāsayatāya bhoggaṃ, tato eva nissirikaṃ. Naggatāya hi so rūpena nissiriko, bhoggatāya cittena. Bhagavato saddhāyāti bhagavati saddhāya. Tasmiṃ saddahanā okappanā tassa saddhātipi vattabbataṃ labhati. Gacchāmīti āgacchāmi, bujjhāmīti attho. Etaṃ nigaṇṭhena pucchitamatthamāha.
第三百五十条。所谓‘现起来’,是指话语已流传并广泛传播。所谓‘已为知晓’,是说佛陀教法已被断除异端。故言“非来者”等。所谓‘裸体享乐’,‘裸体’指状态纯净无垢,‘享乐’指境界妙乐,且皆缘起不固结。因裸体指有形之清净摒离染着;享乐则指心之清净。“对佛的信心”是指对佛陀具足信心。在这信心中,贯穿毅力,因此此信心应得尊重。‘我去’即‘我出生’;‘我觉’则是意义。此是为问外道而说之义。
Kāyaṃunnāmetvāti kāyaṃ abbhunnāmetvā. Kucchiṃ nīharitvāti piṭṭhiyā ninnamanena kucchiṃ purato nīharitvā. Gīvaṃ pasāraṇavasena paggayha paggahetvā sabbaṃ disaṃ pekkhamāno. Sabbamidaṃ nigaṇṭhassa pahaṭṭhākāradassanatthaṃ ‘‘idāni samaṇassa gotamassa upari vādaṃ āropetuṃ labbhatī’’ti. Tenāha ‘‘vātaṃ vā so’’tiādi. Sakāraṇāti yuttisahitā. Pañhamaggoti pañhasaṅkhāto vīmaṃsā, evaṃ bhavitabbanti citteneva parivīmaṃsā pañhā. Eko uddesoti ekaṃ uddisanaṃ atthassa saṃkhittavacanaṃ. Veyyākaraṇanti niddisanaṃ atthassa vicāretvā kathanaṃ. Evanti iminā nayena. Sabbatthāti sabbesu pañhuddesaveyyākaraṇesu attho vitthārato veditabbo.
所谓身体升起,是指将身体向上抬举。所谓箭尾后拉,是指用背部弯曲向后拉箭尾。所谓伸展舌头,是指将舌头伸展出来并将其固定,向四方观看。这一切都是为了揭示尼干陀教派的砍头仪式的意义,即『现在能够向沙门果德玛身上加以辩护』。因此云『这风,或者是那个风』等说。『萨咖那』是指有理据的。所谓问答之路,就是五种方式的调查思考,也应当如此进行,心中以思考为调查问题的方式。所谓“一意”是指对某一特定教义内容的简略称谓。所谓阐述,则是在探讨并说明意义的描述。依此方法,全面地详尽理解各种问答中的含义。
Nigaṇṭhanāṭaputtasuttavaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā. · 《尼乾陀若提子经》注释结束。
9. Acelakassapasuttavaṇṇanā九、《裸行者咖萨巴经》注释
§351
351. Alaṃ samattho ariyabhāvāyāti alamariyo. Ñeyyajānanaṭṭhena ñāṇameva paccakkhato dassanaṭṭhena ñāṇadassanaṃ, soyeva atisayaṭṭhena ñāṇadassanaviseso. Pāvaḷā vuccati ānisadapadeso, taṃ pāvaḷaṃ rajoharaṇatthaṃ nipphoṭīyati etāyāti pāvaḷanipphoṭanā, morapiñchavatti.
351. 『无法降伏即具圣德』是指离诸违犯之事。依据应知缘由而有的智慧,依据所见而有的智慧,这实为超胜的智慧与所见之出色表现。所谓『毒林』被说为有毒且刺人的地方,其『毒林』的毒性可灭除内尘之热,故称为『毒林灭』,如同蚂蚁般密集爬行。
Acelakassapasuttavaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā. · 裸行咖萨巴经注释完毕。
10. Gilānadassanasuttavaṇṇanā10. 探病经注释
§352
352. Mattarājā nāma eko bhummadevo bhūtādhipati surāpotalarukkhanivāsī. Tena vuttaṃ ‘‘mattarājakāle’’ti. ‘‘Osadhitiṇavanappatīsū’’ti vatvā te yathākkamaṃ dassento ‘‘harītakā…pe… rukkhesu cā’’ti āha. Patthanāvasena cittaṃ ṭhapehi. Samijjhissatīti yathādhippāyaṃ samijjhissati. Tena hīti yasmā taṃ devāpi āsannamaraṇaṃ maññanti, tasmā sā varameva bhavissati, taṃ tumhākaṃ dīgharattaṃ hitāya sukhāya bhavissatīti adhippāyo.
352. 有一位名为『淫欲王』的地祇,他是诸根主,居于树叶茂盛的苏罗波陀林中。因为他是如此故称为『淫欲王时代』。他曾说『诸药草林间,如青果树等……』如此说着随意显现。请将心专注于体验他的言教。所谓『必定生起』是指按常理必将发生。称此为『如此』,因为连天神也认定他临近死亡,所以这次福报必然实现,这对你们长期的利益与安乐是有利的,即是此意。
Gilānadassanasuttavaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā. · 探病经注释完毕。
Cittasaṃyuttavaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā. · 吉德相应注释完毕。