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10. Bhikkhusaṃyuttaṃ10. 比库相应

75 段 · CSCD 巴利原典
10. Bhikkhusaṃyuttaṃ10. 比库相应
1. Kolitasuttaṃ1. 果利德经
§235
Evaṃ me sutaṃ – ekaṃ samayaṃ bhagavā sāvatthiyaṃ viharati jetavane anāthapiṇḍikassa ārāme. Tatra kho āyasmā mahāmoggallāno bhikkhū āmantesi – ‘‘āvuso bhikkhave’’ti. ‘‘Āvuso’’ti kho te bhikkhū āyasmato mahāmoggallānassa paccassosuṃ.
如是我闻——一时,世尊住在沙瓦提城揭德林给孤独园。在那里,具寿马哈摩嘎喇那对诸比库说:「诸具寿比库。」「具寿。」那些比库回答具寿马哈摩嘎喇那。
Āyasmā mahāmoggallāno etadavoca – ‘‘idha mayhaṃ, āvuso, rahogatassa paṭisallīnassa evaṃ cetaso parivitakko udapādi – ‘ariyo tuṇhībhāvo, ariyo tuṇhībhāvoti vuccati. Katamo nu kho ariyo tuṇhībhāvo’ti? Tassa mayhaṃ āvuso, etadahosi – ‘idha bhikkhu vitakkavicārānaṃ vūpasamā ajjhattaṃ sampasādanaṃ cetaso ekodibhāvaṃ avitakkaṃ avicāraṃ samādhijaṃ pītisukhaṃ dutiyaṃ jhānaṃ upasampajja viharati. Ayaṃ vuccati ariyo tuṇhībhāvo’ti. So khvāhaṃ, āvuso, vitakkavicārānaṃ vūpasamā ajjhattaṃ sampasādanaṃ cetaso ekodibhāvaṃ avitakkaṃ avicāraṃ samādhijaṃ pītisukhaṃ dutiyaṃ jhānaṃ upasampajja vihariṃ. Tassa mayhaṃ, āvuso, iminā vihārena viharato vitakkasahagatā saññā manasikārā samudācaranti’’.
具寿马哈摩嘎喇那说此:「诸具寿,在此,我独自远离、隐退时,心中生起如此寻思:『圣默然,圣默然,如是所说。什么是圣默然呢?』诸具寿,我这样想:『在此,比库以寻伺的止息,内净,心一境性,无寻无伺,由定而生喜乐,成就第二禅那而住。这称为圣默然。』诸具寿,我以寻伺的止息,内净,心一境性,无寻无伺,由定而生喜乐,成就第二禅那而住。诸具寿,当我以此住而住时,与寻相应的想与作意现起。」
‘‘Atha kho maṃ, āvuso, bhagavā iddhiyā upasaṅkamitvā etadavoca – ‘moggallāna, moggallāna, mā, brāhmaṇa, ariyaṃ tuṇhībhāvaṃ pamādo, ariye tuṇhībhāve cittaṃ saṇṭhapehi, ariye tuṇhībhāve cittaṃ ekodibhāvaṃ karohi, ariye tuṇhībhāve cittaṃ samādahā’ti. So khvāhaṃ, āvuso, aparena samayena vitakkavicārānaṃ vūpasamā ajjhattaṃ sampasādanaṃ cetaso ekodibhāvaṃ avitakkaṃ avicāraṃ samādhijaṃ pītisukhaṃ dutiyaṃ jhānaṃ upasampajja viharāmi. Yañhi taṃ, āvuso , sammā vadamāno vadeyya – ‘satthārā anuggahito sāvako mahābhiññataṃ patto’ti, mamaṃ taṃ sammā vadamāno vadeyya – ‘satthārā anuggahito sāvako mahābhiññataṃ patto’’’ti. Paṭhamaṃ.
「诸具寿,那时,世尊以神通力来到我处,对我说此:『摩嘎喇那,摩嘎喇那,婆罗门,莫于圣默然放逸,于圣默然中安立心,于圣默然中使心一境,于圣默然中令心得定。』诸具寿,我于后时,以寻伺的止息,内净,心一境性,无寻无伺,由定而生喜乐,成就第二禅那而住。诸具寿,若有人正确地说:『受导师扶助的弟子达到大神通』,正确地说我:『受导师扶助的弟子达到大神通』。」第一。
2. Upatissasuttaṃ2. 伍巴帝萨经
§236
Sāvatthiyaṃ viharati. Tatra kho āyasmā sāriputto bhikkhū āmantesi – ‘‘āvuso bhikkhave’’ti. ‘‘Āvuso’’ti kho te bhikkhū āyasmato sāriputtassa paccassosuṃ. Āyasmā sāriputto etadavoca –
住在沙瓦提城。在那里,具寿沙利子对诸比库说:「诸具寿比库。」「具寿。」那些比库回答具寿沙利子。具寿沙利子说此:
‘‘Idha mayhaṃ, āvuso, rahogatassa paṭisallīnassa evaṃ cetaso parivitakko udapādi – ‘atthi nu kho taṃ kiñci lokasmiṃ yassa me vipariṇāmaññathābhāvā uppajjeyyuṃ sokaparidevadukkhadomanassupāyāsā’ti? Tassa mayhaṃ, āvuso, etadahosi – ‘natthi kho taṃ kiñci lokasmiṃ yassa me vipariṇāmaññathābhāvā uppajjeyyuṃ sokaparidevadukkhadomanassupāyāsā’’’ti.
「诸具寿,在此,我独自远离、隐退时,心中生起如此寻思:『世间有任何事物,由于它的变易、异变,会令我生起愁、悲、苦、忧、恼吗?』诸具寿,我这样想:『世间没有任何事物,由于它的变易、异变,会令我生起愁、悲、苦、忧、恼。』」
Evaṃ vutte, āyasmā ānando āyasmantaṃ sāriputtaṃ etadavoca – ‘‘satthupi kho te, āvuso sāriputta, vipariṇāmaññathābhāvā nuppajjeyyuṃ sokaparidevadukkhadomanassupāyāsā’’ti? ‘‘Satthupi kho me, āvuso, vipariṇāmaññathābhāvā nuppajjeyyuṃ sokaparidevadukkhadomanassupāyāsā, api ca me evamassa – ‘mahesakkho vata, bho, satthā antarahito mahiddhiko mahānubhāvo. Sace hi bhagavā ciraṃ dīghamaddhānaṃ tiṭṭheyya tadassa bahujanahitāya bahujanasukhāya lokānukampāya atthāya hitāya sukhāya devamanussāna’nti. Tathā hi panāyasmato sāriputtassa dīgharattaṃ ahaṅkāramamaṅkāramānānusayā susamūhatā. Tasmā āyasmato sāriputtassa satthupi vipariṇāmaññathābhāvā nuppajjeyyuṃ sokaparidevadukkhadomanassupāyāsā’’ti. Dutiyaṃ.
如是说已,具寿阿难对具寿沙利子说此:「具寿沙利子,即使导师变易、异变,也不会令你生起愁、悲、苦、忧、恼吗?」「具寿,即使导师变易、异变,也不会令我生起愁、悲、苦、忧、恼,但我会这样想:『尊者,大威力的导师隐没了,大神通、大威德。若世尊长久住世,那将为众人的利益,为众人的快乐,为世间的悲悯,为天人的义利、利益、快乐。』因为具寿沙利子长夜已善根除我慢、我所慢、慢随眠。因此,即使导师变易、异变,也不会令具寿沙利子生起愁、悲、苦、忧、恼。」第二。
3. Ghaṭasuttaṃ3. 瓶经
§237
Evaṃ me sutaṃ – ekaṃ samayaṃ bhagavā sāvatthiyaṃ viharati jetavane anāthapiṇḍikassa ārāme. Tena kho pana samayena āyasmā ca sāriputto āyasmā ca mahāmoggallāno rājagahe viharanti veḷuvane kalandakanivāpe ekavihāre. Atha kho āyasmā sāriputto sāyanhasamayaṃ paṭisallānā vuṭṭhito yenāyasmā mahāmoggallāno tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā āyasmatā mahāmoggallānena saddhiṃ sammodi. Sammodanīyaṃ kathaṃ sāraṇīyaṃ vītisāretvā ekamantaṃ nisīdi. Ekamantaṃ nisinno kho āyasmā sāriputto āyasmantaṃ mahāmoggallānaṃ etadavoca –
如是我闻——一时,世尊住在沙瓦提城揭德林给孤独园。尔时,具寿沙利子与具寿马哈摩嘎喇那住在王舍城竹林栗鼠饲养处同一住所。那时,具寿沙利子于傍晚时从独坐中起,去到具寿马哈摩嘎喇那处;到达后,与具寿马哈摩嘎喇那互相问候。交换了友好、值得忆念的话语后,在一旁坐下。在一旁坐下的具寿沙利子对具寿马哈摩嘎喇那说此:
‘‘Vippasannāni kho te, āvuso moggallāna, indriyāni; parisuddho mukhavaṇṇo pariyodāto santena nūnāyasmā mahāmoggallāno ajja vihārena vihāsī’’ti. ‘‘Oḷārikena khvāhaṃ, āvuso, ajja vihārena vihāsiṃ. Api ca, me ahosi dhammī kathā’’ti. ‘‘Kena saddhiṃ panāyasmato mahāmoggallānassa ahosi dhammī kathā’’ti? ‘‘Bhagavatā kho me, āvuso, saddhiṃ ahosi dhammī kathā’’ti. ‘‘Dūre kho, āvuso, bhagavā etarahi sāvatthiyaṃ viharati jetavane anāthapiṇḍikassa ārāme. Kiṃ nu kho, āyasmā, mahāmoggallāno bhagavantaṃ iddhiyā upasaṅkami; udāhu bhagavā āyasmantaṃ mahāmoggallānaṃ iddhiyā upasaṅkamī’’ti? ‘‘Na khvāhaṃ, āvuso, bhagavantaṃ iddhiyā upasaṅkamiṃ; napi maṃ bhagavā iddhiyā upasaṅkami. Api ca, me yāvatā bhagavā ettāvatā dibbacakkhu visujjhi dibbā ca sotadhātu. Bhagavatopi yāvatāhaṃ ettāvatā dibbacakkhu visujjhi dibbā ca sotadhātū’’ti. ‘‘Yathākathaṃ panāyasmato mahāmoggallānassa bhagavatā saddhiṃ ahosi dhammī kathā’’ti?
「具寿摩嘎喇那,你的诸根清净,面色纯净、皎洁,具寿马哈摩嘎喇那今天必定以寂静的住而住。」「具寿,我今天以粗显的住而住。但我有法谈。」「具寿马哈摩嘎喇那与谁有法谈呢?」「具寿,我与世尊有法谈。」「具寿,世尊现在远在沙瓦提城揭德林给孤独园。具寿马哈摩嘎喇那以神通力去到世尊处,还是世尊以神通力来到具寿马哈摩嘎喇那处?」「具寿,我没有以神通力去到世尊处,世尊也没有以神通力来到我处。但我的天眼清净到世尊所在之处,天耳界也是。世尊的天眼清净到我所在之处,天耳界也是。」「具寿马哈摩嘎喇那与世尊的法谈是怎样的呢?」
‘‘Idhāhaṃ, āvuso, bhagavantaṃ etadavocaṃ – ‘āraddhavīriyo āraddhavīriyoti, bhante, vuccati. Kittāvatā nu kho, bhante, āraddhavīriyo hotī’ti? Evaṃ vutte, maṃ, āvuso, bhagavā etadavoca – ‘idha, moggallāna, bhikkhu āraddhavīriyo viharati – kāmaṃ taco ca nhāru ca aṭṭhī ca avasissatu, sarīre upasussatu maṃsalohitaṃ, yaṃ taṃ purisathāmena purisavīriyena purisaparakkamena pattabbaṃ na taṃ apāpuṇitvā vīriyassa saṇṭhānaṃ bhavissatīti. Evaṃ kho, moggallāna, āraddhavīriyo hotī’ti. Evaṃ kho me, āvuso, bhagavatā saddhiṃ ahosi dhammī kathā’’ti.
「贤友,在此,我对世尊如此说:『世尊,被称为「已发勤精进者、已发勤精进者」。世尊,到何种程度才是已发勤精进者呢?』贤友,如是所说时,世尊对我如此说:『摩嘎喇那,在此,比库住于已发勤精进——宁可皮、腱、骨留存,身体的血肉干枯,凡以男子力、以男子精进、以男子勇猛所应得者,未得到它之前,精进不停止。摩嘎喇那,如此才是已发勤精进者。』贤友,如此,我与世尊有了如法的谈话。」
‘‘Seyyathāpi, āvuso, himavato pabbatarājassa parittā pāsāṇasakkharā yāvadeva upanikkhepanamattāya ; evameva kho mayaṃ āyasmato mahāmoggallānassa yāvadeva upanikkhepanamattāya. Āyasmā hi mahāmoggallāno mahiddhiko mahānubhāvo ākaṅkhamāno kappaṃ tiṭṭheyyā’’ti.
「贤友,犹如喜马拉雅山王的小石砾仅为了比较的程度;同样地,我们对于具寿大摩嘎喇那仅为了比较的程度。因为具寿大摩嘎喇那是大神通者、大威力者,若愿意,能住立一劫。」
‘‘Seyyathāpi , āvuso, mahatiyā loṇaghaṭāya parittā loṇasakkharāya yāvadeva upanikkhepanamattāya; evameva kho mayaṃ āyasmato sāriputtassa yāvadeva upanikkhepanamattāya. Āyasmā hi sāriputto bhagavatā anekapariyāyena thomito vaṇṇito pasattho –
「贤友,犹如大盐瓮中的小盐粒仅为了比较的程度;同样地,我们对于具寿沙利子仅为了比较的程度。因为具寿沙利子被世尊以种种方式赞叹、称赞、称扬——
‘‘Sāriputtova paññāya, sīlena upasamena ca;
「沙利子以慧、以戒、以寂静,
Yopi pāraṅgato bhikkhu, etāvaparamo siyā’’ti.
即使已到彼岸的比库,也只能到此为最。」
Itiha te ubho mahānāgā aññamaññassa subhāsitaṃ sulapitaṃ samanumodiṃsūti. Tatiyaṃ.
如此,这两位大龙互相随喜善说、善语。第三经。
4. Navasuttaṃ4. 船经
§238
Sāvatthiyaṃ viharati. Tena kho pana samayena aññataro navo bhikkhu pacchābhattaṃ piṇḍapātapaṭikkanto vihāraṃ pavisitvā appossukko tuṇhībhūto saṅkasāyati, na bhikkhūnaṃ veyyāvaccaṃ karoti cīvarakārasamaye. Atha kho sambahulā bhikkhū yena bhagavā tenupasaṅkamiṃsu; upasaṅkamitvā bhagavantaṃ abhivādetvā ekamantaṃ nisīdiṃsu. Ekamantaṃ nisinnā kho te bhikkhū bhagavantaṃ etadavocuṃ – ‘‘idha , bhante, aññataro navo bhikkhu pacchābhattaṃ piṇḍapātapaṭikkanto vihāraṃ pavisitvā appossukko tuṇhībhūto saṅkasāyati, na bhikkhūnaṃ veyyāvaccaṃ karoti cīvarakārasamaye’’ti.
住在沙瓦提。尔时,某位新比库午后从行乞食归来,进入住处后,无所事事、默然、退缩,在制作衣时不为诸比库做服务。那时,众多比库前往世尊处;抵达后,礼敬世尊,坐于一旁。坐于一旁的那些比库对世尊如此说:「世尊,在此,某位新比库午后从行乞食归来,进入住处后,无所事事、默然、退缩,在制作衣时不为诸比库做服务。」
Atha kho bhagavā aññataraṃ bhikkhuṃ āmantesi – ‘‘ehi tvaṃ, bhikkhu, mama vacanena taṃ bhikkhuṃ āmantehi ‘satthā taṃ, āvuso, āmantetī’’’ti. ‘‘Evaṃ bhante’’ti kho so bhikkhu bhagavato paṭissutvā yena so bhikkhu tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā taṃ bhikkhuṃ etadavoca – ‘‘satthā taṃ, āvuso, āmantetī’’ti. ‘‘Evamāvuso’’ti kho so bhikkhu tassa bhikkhuno paṭissutvā yena bhagavā tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā bhagavantaṃ abhivādetvā ekamantaṃ nisīdi . Ekamantaṃ nisinnaṃ kho taṃ bhikkhuṃ bhagavā etadavoca – ‘‘saccaṃ kira tvaṃ, bhikkhu, pacchābhattaṃ piṇḍapātapaṭikkanto vihāraṃ pavisitvā appossukko tuṇhībhūto saṅkasāyasi, na bhikkhūnaṃ veyyāvaccaṃ karosi cīvarakārasamaye’’ti? ‘‘Ahampi kho, bhante, sakaṃ kiccaṃ karomī’’ti.
那时,世尊呼唤某位比库:「来,比库,你以我的名义呼唤那位比库:『贤友,导师呼唤你。』」「是的,世尊。」那位比库应诺世尊后,前往那位比库处;抵达后,对那位比库如此说:「贤友,导师呼唤你。」「是的,贤友。」那位比库应诺那位比库后,前往世尊处;抵达后,礼敬世尊,坐于一旁。世尊对坐于一旁的那位比库如此说:「比库,听说你午后从行乞食归来,进入住处后,无所事事、默然、退缩,在制作衣时不为诸比库做服务,是真的吗?」「世尊,我也在做自己的事务。」
Atha kho bhagavā tassa bhikkhuno cetasā cetoparivitakkamaññāya bhikkhū āmantesi – ‘‘mā kho tumhe, bhikkhave, etassa bhikkhuno ujjhāyittha. Eso kho, bhikkhave, bhikkhu catunnaṃ jhānānaṃ ābhicetasikānaṃ diṭṭhadhammasukhavihārānaṃ nikāmalābhī akicchalābhī akasiralābhī, yassa catthāya kulaputtā sammadeva agārasmā anagāriyaṃ pabbajanti, tadanuttaraṃ brahmacariyapariyosānaṃ diṭṭheva dhamme sayaṃ abhiññā sacchikatvā upasampajja viharatī’’ti.
那时,世尊以心了知那位比库的心中所思后,告诉诸比库:「诸比库,你们不要对这位比库不满。诸比库,这位比库是四禅那——增上心、现法乐住——的随意获得者、无困难获得者、无艰难获得者,为了彼义,善男子们正确地从在家出家成为非家,那无上的梵行终极,他于现法中自己以证智作证、具足后而住。」
Idamavoca bhagavā. Idaṃ vatvāna sugato athāparaṃ etadavoca satthā –
世尊说了这个。说了这个后,善逝、导师又说了这个:
‘‘Nayidaṃ sithilamārabbha, nayidaṃ appena thāmasā;
「不以松懈能获得此,不以少许的力量能获得此;
Nibbānaṃ adhigantabbaṃ, sabbadukkhappamocanaṃ.
应证得涅槃,一切苦的解脱。
‘‘Ayañca daharo bhikkhu, ayamuttamapuriso;
这位年轻的比库,这位最上的人;
Dhāreti antimaṃ dehaṃ, jetvā māraṃ savāhini’’nti. catutthaṃ;
持最后身,战胜了魔与魔军。」第四经。
5. Sujātasuttaṃ5. 苏嘉德经
§239
Sāvatthiyaṃ viharati. Atha kho āyasmā sujāto yena bhagavā tenupasaṅkami. Addasā kho bhagavā āyasmantaṃ sujātaṃ dūratova āgacchantaṃ. Disvāna bhikkhū āmantesi – ‘‘ubhayenevāyaṃ, bhikkhave, kulaputto sobhati – yañca abhirūpo dassanīyo pāsādiko paramāya vaṇṇapokkharatāya samannāgato, yassa catthāya kulaputtā sammadeva agārasmā anagāriyaṃ pabbajjanti tadanuttaraṃ brahmacariyapariyosānaṃ diṭṭheva dhamme sayaṃ abhiññā sacchikatvā upasampajja viharatī’’ti. Idamavoca bhagavā…pe… satthā –
住在沙瓦提。那时,具寿苏加答去到世尊那里。世尊看见具寿苏加答从远处走来。看见后,告诉诸比库:「诸比库,这位善男子两方面都庄严——既是端正、好看、悦意、具足最胜的肤色光泽,为了彼义,善男子们正确地从在家出家成为非家,那无上的梵行终极,他于现法中自己以证智作证、具足后而住。」世尊说了这个……导师:
‘‘Sobhati vatāyaṃ bhikkhu, ujubhūtena cetasā;
「这位比库确实庄严,以正直的心;
Vippayutto visaṃyutto, anupādāya nibbuto;
离系、离缚,无取而涅槃;
Dhāreti antimaṃ dehaṃ, jetvā māraṃ savāhini’’nti. pañcamaṃ;
持最后身,已战胜魔与其军。」第五经
6. Lakuṇḍakabhaddiyasuttaṃ6. 腊昆德咖跋地亚经
§240
Sāvatthiyaṃ viharati. Atha kho āyasmā lakuṇḍakabhaddiyo yena bhagavā tenupasaṅkami. Addasā kho bhagavā āyasmantaṃ lakuṇḍakabhaddiyaṃ dūratova āgacchantaṃ. Disvāna bhikkhū āmantesi – ‘‘passatha no tumhe, bhikkhave, etaṃ bhikkhuṃ āgacchantaṃ dubbaṇṇaṃ duddasikaṃ okoṭimakaṃ bhikkhūnaṃ paribhūtarūpa’’nti? ‘‘Evaṃ, bhante’’. ‘‘Eso kho, bhikkhave, bhikkhu mahiddhiko mahānubhāvo, na ca sā samāpatti sulabharūpā yā tena bhikkhunā asamāpannapubbā. Yassa catthāya kulaputtā sammadeva agārasmā anagāriyaṃ pabbajanti, tadanuttaraṃ brahmacariyapariyosānaṃ diṭṭheva dhamme sayaṃ abhiññā sacchikatvā upasampajja viharatī’’ti. Idamavoca bhagavā…pe… satthā –
住在沙瓦提。时,具寿喇昆荼咖跋地亚去诣世尊处。世尊看见具寿喇昆荼咖跋地亚从远处走来。看见后,告诉诸比库:「诸比库,你们看见那位走来的比库吗?丑陋、难看、矮小,被诸比库轻视的样子。」「是的,尊者。」「诸比库,那位比库是大神通、大威力者,那种定并非容易获得的,那是他以前未曾证得的。为了那个目的,善男子们正确地从在家出家成为非家,那无上的梵行终极,于现法自己以证智作证、具足而住。」世尊说此…乃至…导师:
‘‘Haṃsā koñcā mayūrā ca, hatthayo pasadā migā;
「鹅、鹭、孔雀,象、牛、鹿,
Sabbe sīhassa bhāyanti, natthi kāyasmiṃ tulyatā.
一切都畏惧狮子,在身体上无与伦比。
‘‘Evameva manussesu, daharo cepi paññavā;
「同样地,在人类中,即使年幼但有慧者,
So hi tattha mahā hoti, neva bālo sarīravā’’ti. chaṭṭhaṃ;
他在那里是伟大的,并非愚者的身体。」第六经
7. Visākhasuttaṃ7. 维萨卡经
§241
Evaṃ me sutaṃ – ekaṃ samayaṃ bhagavā vesāliyaṃ viharati mahāvane kūṭāgārasālāyaṃ. Tena kho pana samayena āyasmā visākho pañcālaputto upaṭṭhānasālāyaṃ bhikkhū dhammiyā kathāya sandasseti samādapeti samuttejeti sampahaṃseti, poriyā vācāya vissaṭṭhāya anelagalāya atthassa viññāpaniyā pariyāpannāya anissitāya.
如是我闻:一时,世尊住在韦萨离大林重阁讲堂。尔时,具寿维沙卡般遮喇子在须跋堂以法语教示、劝导、鼓励、使诸比库欢喜,以优美的语言、清晰的、不含糊的、能表达义理的、完整的、不依附的。
Atha kho bhagavā sāyanhasamayaṃ paṭisallānā vuṭṭhito yena upaṭṭhānasālā tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā paññatte āsane nisīdi. Nisajja kho bhagavā bhikkhū āmantesi – ‘‘ko nu kho, bhikkhave, upaṭṭhānasālāyaṃ bhikkhū dhammiyā kathāya sandasseti samādapeti samuttejeti sampahaṃseti poriyā vācāya vissaṭṭhāya anelagalāya atthassa viññāpaniyā pariyāpannāya anissitāyā’’ti? ‘‘Āyasmā, bhante, visākho pañcālaputto upaṭṭhānasālāyaṃ bhikkhū dhammiyā kathāya sandasseti samādapeti samuttejeti sampahaṃseti, poriyā vācāya vissaṭṭhāya anelagalāya atthassa viññāpaniyā pariyāpannāya anissitāyā’’ti.
那时,世尊于傍晚时从独坐中起来,前往集会堂;抵达后,在已设的座位上坐下。坐下后,世尊对诸比库说:「诸比库,是谁在集会堂以如法之语,以纯熟的、流畅的、无结巴的、能使义理明了的、完全掌握的、无所依的言辞,对诸比库开示、劝导、鼓励、使之欢喜?」「尊者,世尊,具寿维沙卡·班恰喇子在集会堂以如法之语,以纯熟的、流畅的、无结巴的、能使义理明了的、完全掌握的、无所依的言辞,对诸比库开示、劝导、鼓励、使之欢喜。」
Atha kho bhagavā āyasmantaṃ visākhaṃ pañcālaputtaṃ āmantesi – ‘‘sādhu sādhu, visākha, sādhu kho tvaṃ, visākha, bhikkhū dhammiyā kathāya sandassesi…pe… atthassa viññāpaniyā pariyāpannāya anissitāyā’’ti.
那时,世尊对具寿维沙卡·班恰喇子说:「善哉!善哉!维沙卡,善哉!维沙卡,你以如法之语……能使义理明了的、完全掌握的、无所依的言辞,对诸比库开示。」
Idamavoca bhagavā. Idaṃ vatvāna sugato athāparaṃ etadavoca satthā –
世尊说此。说此后,善逝、导师又说此:
‘‘Nābhāsamānaṃ jānanti, missaṃ bālehi paṇḍitaṃ;
「不说话时不知晓,智者混杂于愚者中;
Bhāsamānañca jānanti, desentaṃ amataṃ padaṃ.
说话时则知晓,正在教导不死之境。
‘‘Bhāsaye jotaye dhammaṃ, paggaṇhe isinaṃ dhajaṃ;
「应说法、阐明法,应高举诸仙人之幢;
Subhāsitadhajā isayo, dhammo hi isinaṃ dhajo’’ti. sattamaṃ;
善说之幢属诸仙人,因为法是诸仙人之幢。」第七经。
8. Nandasuttaṃ8. 难德经
§242
Sāvatthiyaṃ viharati. Atha kho āyasmā nando bhagavato mātucchāputto ākoṭitapaccākoṭitāni cīvarāni pārupitvā akkhīni añjetvā acchaṃ pattaṃ gahetvā yena bhagavā tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā bhagavantaṃ abhivādetvā ekamantaṃ nisīdi. Ekamantaṃ nisinnaṃ kho āyasmantaṃ nandaṃ bhagavā etadavoca – ‘‘na kho te taṃ, nanda, patirūpaṃ kulaputtassa saddhā agārasmā anagāriyaṃ pabbajitassa, yaṃ tvaṃ ākoṭitapaccākoṭitāni cīvarāni pārupeyyāsi, akkhīni ca añjeyyāsi, acchañca pattaṃ dhāreyyāsi. Etaṃ kho te, nanda, patirūpaṃ kulaputtassa saddhā agārasmā anagāriyaṃ pabbajitassa, yaṃ tvaṃ āraññiko ca assasi, piṇḍapātiko ca paṃsukuliko ca kāmesu ca anapekkho vihareyyāsī’’ti. Idamavoca bhagavā…pe… satthā –
住在沙瓦提。那时,具寿难陀——世尊的姨母之子——穿着边缘镶边的衣服,涂了眼睛,拿着光亮的钵,前往世尊处;抵达后,礼敬世尊,在一旁坐下。世尊对坐在一旁的具寿难陀说此:「难陀,对于你这样以信从家出家成为非家的善男子,穿着边缘镶边的衣服,涂眼睛,持光亮的钵,这是不适合的。难陀,对于你这样以信从家出家成为非家的善男子,这才是适合的:你应是住林野者、乞食者、尘堆衣者,并且应对诸欲无所期待而住。」世尊说此……导师:
‘‘Kadāhaṃ nandaṃ passeyyaṃ, āraññaṃ paṃsukūlikaṃ;
「我何时能见到难达,住阿兰若、持尘堆衣者;
Aññātuñchena yāpentaṃ, kāmesu anapekkhina’’nti.
以所知之食维生,于诸欲无所期待者。」
Atha kho āyasmā nando aparena samayena āraññiko ca piṇḍapātiko ca paṃsukūliko ca kāmesu ca anapekkho vihāsīti. Aṭṭhamaṃ.
其后,具寿难达成为住阿兰若者、乞食者、持尘堆衣者,且于诸欲无所期待而住。第八经。
9. Tissasuttaṃ9. 帝萨经
§243
Sāvatthiyaṃ viharati. Atha kho āyasmā tisso bhagavato pitucchāputto yena bhagavā tenupasaṅkami ; upasaṅkamitvā bhagavantaṃ abhivādetvā ekamantaṃ nisīdi dukkhī dummano assūni pavattayamāno. Atha kho bhagavā āyasmantaṃ tissaṃ etadavoca – ‘‘kiṃ nu kho tvaṃ, tissa, ekamantaṃ nisinno dukkhī dummano assūni pavattayamāno’’ti? ‘‘Tathā hi pana maṃ, bhante, bhikkhū samantā vācāsannitodakena sañjambharimakaṃsū’’ti . ‘‘Tathāhi pana tvaṃ, tissa, vattā no ca vacanakkhamo; na kho te taṃ, tissa, patirūpaṃ kulaputtassa saddhā agārasmā anagāriyaṃ pabbajitassa, yaṃ tvaṃ vattā no ca vacanakkhamo. Etaṃ kho te, tissa, patirūpaṃ kulaputtassa saddhā agārasmā anagāriyaṃ pabbajitassa – ‘yaṃ tvaṃ vattā ca assa vacanakkhamo cā’’’ti.
住在沙瓦提。时,具寿帝思沙——世尊父亲的侄子——前往世尊处;抵达后,礼敬世尊,坐于一旁,痛苦、忧恼、流着眼泪。时,世尊对具寿帝思沙如是说——「帝思沙,为何你坐在一旁,痛苦、忧恼、流着眼泪?」「世尊,诸比库从各方面以言语之水浇灌我,使我困窘。」「那么,帝思沙,你是教诫者却不能接受教诫;帝思沙,对于以信从家出家成为非家的善男子,你是教诫者却不能接受教诫,这不适合你。帝思沙,对于以信从家出家成为非家的善男子,这才适合你——你应是教诫者且能接受教诫。」
Idamavoca bhagavā. Idaṃ vatvāna sugato athāparaṃ etadavoca satthā –
世尊如是说。如是说已,善逝、导师又如是说——
‘‘Kiṃ nu kujjhasi mā kujjhi, akkodho tissa te varaṃ;
「为何你忿怒?勿忿怒,帝思沙,无忿怒对你更好;
Kodhamānamakkhavinayatthañhi, tissa brahmacariyaṃ vussatī’’ti. navamaṃ;
帝思沙,为了调伏忿怒、慢、恶作,才修习梵行。」第九经。
10. Theranāmakasuttaṃ10. 长老名经
§244
Ekaṃ samayaṃ bhagavā rājagahe viharati veḷuvane kalandakanivāpe. Tena kho pana samayena aññataro bhikkhu theranāmako ekavihārī ceva hoti ekavihārassa ca vaṇṇavādī. So eko gāmaṃ piṇḍāya pavisati eko paṭikkamati eko raho nisīdati eko caṅkamaṃ adhiṭṭhāti. Atha kho sambahulā bhikkhū yena bhagavā tenupasaṅkamiṃsu ; upasaṅkamitvā bhagavantaṃ abhivādetvā ekamantaṃ nisīdiṃsu. Ekamantaṃ nisinnā kho te bhikkhū bhagavantaṃ etadavocuṃ – ‘‘idha, bhante, aññataro bhikkhu theranāmako ekavihārī ekavihārassa ca vaṇṇavādī’’ti.
一时,世尊住在王舍城竹林栗鼠饲养处。尔时,有一位名为长老的比库,是独住者,且是独住的赞叹者。他独自入村乞食,独自返回,独自坐于僻静处,独自从事经行。时,众多比库前往世尊处;抵达后,礼敬世尊,坐于一旁。坐于一旁的那些比库对世尊如是说——「世尊,这里有一位名为长老的比库,是独住者,且是独住的赞叹者。」
Atha kho bhagavā aññataraṃ bhikkhuṃ āmantesi – ‘‘ehi tvaṃ, bhikkhu, mama vacanena theraṃ bhikkhuṃ āmantehi – ‘satthā taṃ, āvuso thera, āmantetī’’’ti. ‘‘Evaṃ, bhante’’ti kho so bhikkhu bhagavato paṭissutvā yenāyasmā thero tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā āyasmantaṃ theraṃ etadavoca – ‘‘satthā taṃ, āvuso thera, āmantetī’’ti. ‘‘Evamāvuso’’ti kho āyasmā thero tassa bhikkhuno paṭissutvā yena bhagavā tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā bhagavantaṃ abhivādetvā ekamantaṃ nisīdi. Ekamantaṃ nisinnaṃ kho āyasmantaṃ theraṃ bhagavā etadavoca – ‘‘saccaṃ kira tvaṃ, thera, ekavihārī ekavihārassa ca vaṇṇavādī’’ti? ‘‘Evaṃ, bhante’’. ‘‘Yathā kathaṃ pana tvaṃ, thera, ekavihārī ekavihārassa ca vaṇṇavādī’’ti? ‘‘Idhāhaṃ, bhante, eko gāmaṃ piṇḍāya pavisāmi eko paṭikkamāmi eko raho nisīdāmi eko caṅkamaṃ adhiṭṭhāmi. Evaṃ khvāhaṃ, bhante, ekavihārī ekavihārassa ca vaṇṇavādī’’ti.
那时,世尊对某位比库说:「来,比库,你以我的名义对长老比库说:『具寿长老,导师召唤你。』」「是的,尊者。」那位比库应诺世尊后,前往具寿长老处;抵达后,对具寿长老这样说:「具寿长老,导师召唤你。」「是的,具寿。」具寿长老应诺那位比库后,前往世尊处;抵达后,礼敬世尊,在一旁坐下。世尊对坐在一旁的具寿长老这样说:「长老,听说你是独住者,也是独住的赞叹者,是真的吗?」「是的,尊者。」「那么,长老,你如何是独住者,也是独住的赞叹者呢?」「尊者,在此,我独自进村乞食,独自返回,独自在僻静处坐,独自行经行。尊者,我如此是独住者,也是独住的赞叹者。」
‘‘Attheso, thera, ekavihāro neso natthīti vadāmi. Api ca, thera, yathā ekavihāro vitthārena paripuṇṇo hoti taṃ suṇāhi, sādhukaṃ manasi karohi; bhāsissāmī’’ti. ‘‘Evaṃ, bhante’’ti kho…pe…. ‘‘Kathañca , thera, ekavihāro vitthārena paripuṇṇo hoti. Idha, thera, yaṃ atītaṃ taṃ pahīnaṃ, yaṃ anāgataṃ taṃ paṭinissaṭṭhaṃ, paccuppannesu ca attabhāvapaṭilābhesu chandarāgo suppaṭivinīto. Evaṃ kho, thera, ekavihāro vitthārena paripuṇṇo hotī’’ti.
「长老,这是独住,我不说这不是。但是,长老,独住如何详细圆满,你听!你要善加作意,我将说。」「是的,尊者。」……「长老,独住如何详细圆满呢?长老,在此,过去的已舍断,未来的已弃绝,对现在的个体获得,欲贪已善调伏。长老,独住如此详细圆满。」
Idamavoca bhagavā. Idaṃ vatvāna sugato athāparaṃ etadavoca satthā –
世尊说了这个。说了这个后,善逝、导师又说了这个:
‘‘Sabbābhibhuṃ sabbaviduṃ sumedhaṃ,
「一切胜者、一切知者、善慧者,
Sabbesu dhammesu anūpalittaṃ;
于一切法不染着;
Sabbañjahaṃ taṇhākkhaye vimuttaṃ,
舍断一切、于渴爱灭尽而解脱,
Tamahaṃ naraṃ ekavihārīti brūmī’’ti. dasamaṃ;
我称那人为独住者。」第十经。
11. Mahākappinasuttaṃ11. 玛哈咖毕那经
§245
Sāvatthiyaṃ viharati. Atha kho āyasmā mahākappino yena bhagavā tenupasaṅkami. Addasā kho bhagavā āyasmantaṃ mahākappinaṃ dūratova āgacchantaṃ. Disvāna bhikkhū āmantesi – ‘‘passatha no tumhe bhikkhave, etaṃ bhikkhuṃ āgacchantaṃ odātakaṃ tanukaṃ tuṅganāsika’’nti? ‘‘Evaṃ, bhante’’. ‘‘Eso kho, bhikkhave, bhikkhu mahiddhiko mahānubhāvo. Na ca sā samāpatti sulabharūpā yā tena bhikkhunā asamāpannapubbā. Yassa catthāya kulaputtā sammadeva agārasmā anagāriyaṃ pabbajanti tadanuttaraṃ brahmacariyapariyosānaṃ diṭṭheva dhamme sayaṃ abhiññā sacchikatvā upasampajja viharatī’’ti.
住在沙瓦提。那时,具寿摩诃咖毕那前往世尊处。世尊从远处看见具寿摩诃咖毕那走来。看见后,对诸比库说:「诸比库,你们看见那位走来的比库,白净、瘦削、鹰钩鼻吗?」「是的,尊者。」「诸比库,那位比库是大神通者、大威力者。那位比库以前未曾证得的定,不容易证得。为了那个目的,善男子们正确地从在家出家成为非家,那无上的梵行终极,他于现法中以自己的证智作证、具足后而住。」
Idamavoca bhagavā. Idaṃ vatvāna sugato athāparaṃ etadavoca satthā –
世尊说了这些。说了这些之后,善逝、导师又说了这个:
‘‘Khattiyo seṭṭho janetasmiṃ, ye gottapaṭisārino;
「在那些依靠种姓的人群中,刹帝利是最胜者;
Vijjācaraṇasampanno, so seṭṭho devamānuse.
具足明行者,他是天人中的最胜者。
‘‘Divā tapati ādicco, rattimābhāti candimā;
「太阳在白天照耀,月亮在夜晚照耀;
Sannaddho khattiyo tapati, jhāyī tapati brāhmaṇo;
刹帝利披甲照耀,婆罗门禅修照耀;
Atha sabbamahorattiṃ , buddho tapati tejasā’’ti. ekādasamaṃ;
然而,佛陀以威力日夜照耀。」第十一经。
12. Sahāyakasuttaṃ12. 同伴经
§246
Sāvatthiyaṃ viharati. Atha kho dve bhikkhū sahāyakā āyasmato mahākappinassa saddhivihārino yena bhagavā tenupasaṅkamiṃsu. Addasā kho bhagavā te bhikkhū dūratova āgacchante. Disvāna bhikkhū āmantesi – ‘‘passatha no tumhe, bhikkhave, ete bhikkhū sahāyake āgacchante kappinassa saddhivihārino’’ti? ‘‘Evaṃ, bhante’’. ‘‘Ete kho te bhikkhū mahiddhikā mahānubhāvā. Na ca sā samāpatti sulabharūpā, yā tehi bhikkhūhi asamāpannapubbā. Yassa catthāya kulaputtā sammadeva agārasmā anagāriyaṃ pabbajanti tadanuttaraṃ brahmacariyapariyosānaṃ diṭṭheva dhamme sayaṃ abhiññā sacchikatvā upasampajja viharantī’’ti.
住在沙瓦提。那时,两位比库,具寿玛哈咖宾那的同伴、同住者,去到世尊那里。世尊看见那些比库从远处走来。看见后,世尊对诸比库说:「诸比库,你们看见那些走来的同伴比库,咖宾那的同住者吗?」「是的,尊者。」「那些比库是大神通、大威力者。那些比库以前未曾证得的定,并非易得之相。为了那个目的,善男子们正确地从在家出家成为非家,那无上的梵行终极,他们在现法中以自己的证智作证、具足后而住。」
Idamavoca bhagavā. Idaṃ vatvāna sugato athāparaṃ etadavoca satthā –
世尊说了这些。说了这些之后,善逝、导师又说了这个:
‘‘Sahāyā vatime bhikkhū, cirarattaṃ sametikā;
「这些比库是同伴,长久以来聚集在一起;
Sameti nesaṃ saddhammo, dhamme buddhappavedite.
正法与他们相会,在佛陀所宣说的法中。
‘‘Suvinītā kappinena, dhamme ariyappavedite;
「由咖宾那善调御,在圣者所宣说的法中;
Dhārenti antimaṃ dehaṃ, jetvā māraṃ savāhini’’nti. dvādasamaṃ;
持最后之身,已战胜魔与其军队。」第十二经
Bhikkhusaṃyuttaṃ samattaṃ. · 比库相应完
Tassuddānaṃ –
其摄颂——
Kolito upatisso ca, ghaṭo cāpi pavuccati;
果利答与伍巴提沙,以及称为嘎答;
Navo sujāto bhaddi ca, visākho nando tisso ca;
那瓦、须佳答、跋地,维萨咖、难陀、提沙;
Theranāmo ca kappino, sahāyena ca dvādasāti.
名为长老者与咖宾那,以及同伴,为十二经。
Nidānavaggo dutiyo. · 因缘品第二
Tassuddānaṃ –
其摄颂——
Nidānābhisamayadhātu, anamataggena kassapaṃ;
因缘、现观、界,无始、咖沙巴;
Sakkārarāhulalakkhaṇo, opamma-bhikkhunā vaggo.
萨咖、拉胡喇、相,譬喻、比库品。
Dutiyo tena pavuccatīti. · 因此称为第二
Nidānavaggasaṃyuttapāḷi niṭṭhitā. · 因缘品相应部完