5. Kassapasaṃyuttaṃ5. 咖萨巴相应
5. Kassapasaṃyuttaṃ5. 咖萨巴相应
1. Santuṭṭhasuttaṃ1. 知足经
§144
Sāvatthiyaṃ viharati…pe… ‘‘santuṭṭhāyaṃ , bhikkhave, kassapo itarītarena cīvarena, itarītaracīvarasantuṭṭhiyā ca vaṇṇavādī; na ca cīvarahetu anesanaṃ appatirūpaṃ āpajjati; aladdhā ca cīvaraṃ na paritassati; laddhā ca cīvaraṃ agadhito amucchito anajjhāpanno ādīnavadassāvī nissaraṇapañño paribhuñjati’’.
住在沙瓦提……「诸比库,咖沙巴对任何衣满足,赞叹对任何衣的满足;不因衣的缘故而行不适当的寻求;未得衣不忧虑;得衣后不贪著、不迷恋、不陷入,见过患,以出离之慧受用。」
‘‘Santuṭṭhāyaṃ, bhikkhave, kassapo itarītarena piṇḍapātena, itarītarapiṇḍapātasantuṭṭhiyā ca vaṇṇavādī; na ca piṇḍapātahetu anesanaṃ appatirūpaṃ āpajjati; aladdhā ca piṇḍapātaṃ na paritassati; laddhā ca piṇḍapātaṃ agadhito amucchito anajjhāpanno ādīnavadassāvī nissaraṇapañño paribhuñjati.
「诸比库,咖沙巴对任何钵食满足,赞叹对任何钵食的满足;不因钵食的缘故而行不适当的寻求;未得钵食不忧虑;得钵食后不贪著、不迷恋、不陷入,见过患,以出离之慧受用。」
‘‘Santuṭṭhāyaṃ, bhikkhave, kassapo itarītarena senāsanena, itarītarasenāsanasantuṭṭhiyā ca vaṇṇavādī; na ca senāsanahetu anesanaṃ appatirūpaṃ āpajjati; aladdhā ca senāsanaṃ na paritassati; laddhā ca senāsanaṃ agadhito amucchito anajjhāpanno ādīnavadassāvī nissaraṇapañño paribhuñjati.
「诸比库,咖沙巴对任何住所满足,赞叹对任何住所的满足;不因住所的缘故而行不适当的寻求;未得住所不忧虑;得住所后不贪著、不迷恋、不陷入,见过患,以出离之慧受用。」
‘‘Santuṭṭhāyaṃ, bhikkhave, kassapo itarītarena gilānappaccayabhesajjaparikkhārena, itarītaragilānappaccayabhesajjaparikkhārasantuṭṭhiyā ca vaṇṇavādī; na ca gilānappaccayabhesajjaparikkhārahetu anesanaṃ appatirūpaṃ āpajjati; aladdhā ca gilānappaccayabhesajjaparikkhāraṃ na paritassati; laddhā ca gilānappaccayabhesajjaparikkhāraṃ agadhito amucchito anajjhāpanno ādīnavadassāvī nissaraṇapañño paribhuñjati.
「诸比库,咖沙巴对任何病缘药资具满足,赞叹对任何病缘药资具的满足;不因病缘药资具的缘故而行不适当的寻求;未得病缘药资具不忧虑;得病缘药资具后不贪著、不迷恋、不陷入,见过患,以出离之慧受用。」
‘‘Tasmātiha , bhikkhave, evaṃ sikkhitabbaṃ – ‘santuṭṭhā bhavissāma itarītarena cīvarena, itarītaracīvarasantuṭṭhiyā ca vaṇṇavādino; na ca cīvarahetu anesanaṃ appatirūpaṃ āpajjissāma; aladdhā ca cīvaraṃ na ca paritassissāma; laddhā ca cīvaraṃ agadhitā amucchitā anajjhāpannā ādīnavadassāvino nissaraṇapaññā paribhuñjissāma’’’. (Evaṃ sabbaṃ kātabbaṃ).
「诸比库,因此,你们应当如此学:『我们将对任何衣满足,赞叹对任何衣的满足;不因衣的缘故而行不适当的寻求;未得衣不忧虑;得衣后不贪著、不迷恋、不陷入,见过患,以出离之慧受用。』(如此应作一切)。
‘‘‘Santuṭṭhā bhavissāma itarītarena piṇḍapātena…pe… santuṭṭhā bhavissāma itarītarena senāsanena…pe… santuṭṭhā bhavissāma itarītarena gilānappaccayabhesajjaparikkhārena, itarītaragilānappaccayabhesajjaparikkhārasantuṭṭhiyā ca vaṇṇavādino; na ca gilānappaccayabhesajjaparikkhārahetu anesanaṃ appatirūpaṃ āpajjissāma aladdhā ca gilānappaccayabhesajjaparikkhāraṃ na paritassissāma; laddhā ca gilānappaccayabhesajjaparikkhāraṃ agadhitā amucchitā anajjhāpannā ādīnavadassāvino nissaraṇapaññā paribhuñjissāmā’ti. Evañhi vo, bhikkhave, sikkhitabbaṃ. Kassapena vā hi vo, bhikkhave, ovadissāmi yo vā panassa kassapasadiso, ovaditehi ca pana vo tathattāya paṭipajjitabba’’nti. Paṭhamaṃ.
『我们将对任何钵食满足……我们将对任何住所满足……我们将对任何病缘药资具满足,赞叹对任何病缘药资具的满足;不因病缘药资具的缘故而行不适当的寻求;未得病缘药资具不忧虑;得病缘药资具后不贪著、不迷恋、不陷入,见过患,以出离之慧受用。』诸比库,你们应当如此学。诸比库,我将以咖沙巴教诫你们,或以与咖沙巴相似者教诫,被教诫后你们应当如此实行。」第一。
2. Anottappīsuttaṃ2. 无惭愧经
§145
Evaṃ me sutaṃ – ekaṃ samayaṃ āyasmā ca mahākassapo āyasmā ca sāriputto bārāṇasiyaṃ viharanti isipatane migadāye. Atha kho āyasmā sāriputto sāyanhasamayaṃ paṭisallānā vuṭṭhito yenāyasmā mahākassapo tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā āyasmatā mahākassapena saddhiṃ sammodi. Sammodanīyaṃ kathaṃ sāraṇīyaṃ vītisāretvā ekamantaṃ nisīdi. Ekamantaṃ nisinno kho āyasmā sāriputto āyasmantaṃ mahākassapaṃ etadavoca – ‘‘vuccati hidaṃ, āvuso kassapa, anātāpī anottappī abhabbo sambodhāya abhabbo nibbānāya abhabbo anuttarassa yogakkhemassa adhigamāya; ātāpī ca kho ottappī bhabbo sambodhāya bhabbo nibbānāya bhabbo anuttarassa yogakkhemassa adhigamāyā’’ti.
如是我闻:一时,具寿摩诃咖沙巴与具寿沙利子住在巴拉纳西仙人堕处鹿野苑。时,具寿沙利子于傍晚时从独坐中起,前往具寿摩诃咖沙巴处;抵达后,与具寿摩诃咖沙巴互相问候。交换了友好、值得忆念的话语后,在一旁坐下。在一旁坐下后,具寿沙利子对具寿摩诃咖沙巴如此说:「贤友咖沙巴,所说『不热诚、不惭愧者,不能正觉、不能涅槃、不能证得无上离轭安稳;热诚且惭愧者,能正觉、能涅槃、能证得无上离轭安稳。』」
‘‘Kittāvatā nu kho, āvuso, anātāpī hoti anottappī abhabbo sambodhāya abhabbo nibbānāya abhabbo anuttarassa yogakkhemassa adhigamāya; kittāvatā ca panāvuso, ātāpī hoti ottappī bhabbo sambodhāya bhabbo nibbānāya bhabbo anuttarassa yogakkhemassa adhigamāyā’’ti? ‘‘Idhāvuso, bhikkhu ‘anuppannā me pāpakā akusalā dhammā uppajjamānā anatthāya saṃvatteyyu’nti na ātappaṃ karoti, ‘uppannā me pāpakā akusalā dhammā appahīyamānā anatthāya saṃvatteyyu’nti na ātappaṃ karoti, ‘anuppannā me kusalā dhammānuppajjamānā anatthāya saṃvatteyyu’nti na ātappaṃ karoti, ‘uppannā me kusalā dhammā nirujjhamānā anatthāya saṃvatteyyu’nti na ātappaṃ karoti. Evaṃ kho, āvuso, anātāpī hoti’’.
「贤友,到何种程度为不热诚、不惭愧,不能正觉、不能涅槃、不能证得无上离轭安稳?到何种程度为热诚、惭愧,能正觉、能涅槃、能证得无上离轭安稳?」「贤友,于此,比库『未生起的恶不善法生起时将导向无义』而不热诚,『已生起的恶不善法未断时将导向无义』而不热诚,『未生起的善法未生起时将导向无义』而不热诚,『已生起的善法灭时将导向无义』而不热诚。贤友,如此为不热诚。」
‘‘Kathañcāvuso, anottappī hoti? Idhāvuso, bhikkhu ‘anuppannā me pāpakā akusalā dhammā uppajjamānā anatthāya saṃvatteyyu’nti na ottappati, ‘uppannā me pāpakā akusalā dhammā appahīyamānā anatthāya saṃvatteyyu’nti na ottappati, ‘anuppannā me kusalā dhammānuppajjamānā anatthāya saṃvatteyyu’nti na ottappati, ‘uppannā me kusalā dhammā nirujjhamānā anatthāya saṃvatteyyu’nti na ottappati. Evaṃ kho, āvuso, anottappī hoti. Evaṃ kho, āvuso, anātāpī anottappī abhabbo sambodhāya abhabbo nibbānāya abhabbo anuttarassa yogakkhemassa adhigamāya.
「诸友,如何是不惭愧者?诸友,于此,比库『我未生起的诸恶不善法生起时会导向无利益』而不惭愧,『我已生起的诸恶不善法不舍断时会导向无利益』而不惭愧,『我未生起的诸善法不生起时会导向无利益』而不惭愧,『我已生起的诸善法灭尽时会导向无利益』而不惭愧。诸友,如此是不惭愧者。诸友,如此不热诚、不惭愧者不能证悟、不能涅槃、不能证得无上离轭安稳。」
‘‘Kathañcāvuso, ātāpī hoti? Idhāvuso, bhikkhu ‘anuppannā me pāpakā akusalā dhammā uppajjamānā anatthāya saṃvatteyyu’nti ātappaṃ karoti, ‘uppannā me pāpakā akusalā dhammā appahīyamānā anatthāya saṃvatteyyu’nti ātappaṃ karoti, anuppannā me kusalā dhammā…pe… ātappaṃ karoti. Evaṃ kho, āvuso, ātāpī hoti.
「诸友,如何是热诚者?诸友,于此,比库『我未生起的诸恶不善法生起时会导向无利益』而热诚,『我已生起的诸恶不善法不舍断时会导向无利益』而热诚,『我未生起的诸善法……』而热诚。诸友,如此是热诚者。」
‘‘Kathañcāvuso, ottappī hoti? Idhāvuso, bhikkhu ‘anuppannā me pāpakā akusalā dhammā uppajjamānā anatthāya saṃvatteyyu’nti ottappati, ‘uppannā me pāpakā akusalā dhammā appahīyamānā anatthāya saṃvatteyyu’nti ottappati, ‘anuppannā me kusalā dhammā anuppajjamānā anatthāya saṃvatteyyu’nti ottappati, ‘uppannā me kusalā dhammā nirujjhamānā anatthāya saṃvatteyyu’nti ottappati. Evaṃ kho, āvuso, ottappī hoti. Evaṃ kho, āvuso, ātāpī ottappī bhabbo sambodhāya bhabbo nibbānāya bhabbo anuttarassa yogakkhemassa adhigamāyā’’ti. Dutiyaṃ.
「诸友,如何是惭愧者?诸友,于此,比库『我未生起的诸恶不善法生起时会导向无利益』而惭愧,『我已生起的诸恶不善法不舍断时会导向无利益』而惭愧,『我未生起的诸善法不生起时会导向无利益』而惭愧,『我已生起的诸善法灭尽时会导向无利益』而惭愧。诸友,如此是惭愧者。诸友,如此热诚、惭愧者能证悟、能涅槃、能证得无上离轭安稳。」
3. Candūpamasuttaṃ3. 月喻经
§146
Sāvatthiyaṃ viharati…pe… ‘‘candūpamā, bhikkhave, kulāni upasaṅkamatha – apakasseva kāyaṃ, apakassa cittaṃ, niccanavakā kulesu appagabbhā . Seyyathāpi , bhikkhave, puriso jarudapānaṃ vā olokeyya pabbatavisamaṃ vā nadīviduggaṃ vā – apakasseva kāyaṃ, apakassa cittaṃ; evameva kho, bhikkhave, candūpamā kulāni upasaṅkamatha – apakasseva kāyaṃ, apakassa cittaṃ, niccanavakā kulesu appagabbhā’’.
住在沙瓦提……「诸比库,应如月亮般地前往诸家族——退缩身,退缩心,在诸家族中常为新来者、不傲慢。诸比库,譬如男子观看深井、或山崖、或河流险处——退缩身,退缩心;诸比库,同样地,应如月亮般地前往诸家族——退缩身,退缩心,在诸家族中常为新来者、不傲慢。」
‘‘Kassapo, bhikkhave, candūpamo kulāni upasaṅkamati – apakasseva kāyaṃ, apakassa cittaṃ, niccanavako kulesu appagabbho. Taṃ kiṃ maññatha, bhikkhave, kathaṃrūpo bhikkhu arahati kulāni upasaṅkamitu’’nti? ‘‘Bhagavaṃmūlakā no, bhante, dhammā bhagavaṃnettikā bhagavaṃpaṭisaraṇā. Sādhu vata, bhante, bhagavantaṃyeva paṭibhātu etassa bhāsitassa attho. Bhagavato sutvā bhikkhū dhāressantī’’ti.
「诸比库,咖沙巴如月亮般地前往诸家族——退缩身,退缩心,在诸家族中常为新来者、不傲慢。诸比库,你们认为如何,什么样的比库值得前往诸家族?」「尊者,我们的法以世尊为根本,以世尊为引导,以世尊为皈依处。尊者,实善哉!愿世尊阐明此所说之义。诸比库听闻世尊之后将忆持。」
Atha kho bhagavā ākāse pāṇiṃ cālesi. ‘‘Seyyathāpi, bhikkhave, ayaṃ ākāse pāṇi na sajjati na gayhati na bajjhati; evameva kho, bhikkhave, yassa kassaci bhikkhuno kulāni upasaṅkamato kulesu cittaṃ na sajjati na gayhati na bajjhati – ‘labhantu lābhakāmā, puññakāmā karontu puññānī’ti; yathāsakena lābhena attamano hoti sumano, evaṃ paresaṃ lābhena attamano hoti sumano; evarūpo kho, bhikkhave, bhikkhu arahati kulāni upasaṅkamituṃ.
于是世尊在空中挥动手掌。「诸比库,譬如此手掌在空中不粘着、不执取、不系缚;诸比库,同样地,任何比库前往诸家族时,在诸家族中心不粘着、不执取、不系缚——『愿求利益者得利益,愿求福德者作诸福德』;他以自己所得的利益而心满意足、欢喜,同样地以他人的利益而心满意足、欢喜;诸比库,这样的比库值得前往诸家族。」
‘‘Kassapassa, bhikkhave, kulāni upasaṅkamato kulesu cittaṃ na sajjati na gayhati na bajjhati – ‘labhantu lābhakāmā, puññakāmā karontu puññānī’ti; yathāsakena lābhena attamano hoti sumano; evaṃ paresaṃ lābhena attamano hoti sumano.
「诸比库,咖沙巴前往诸家族时,在诸家族中心不粘着、不执取、不系缚——『愿求利益者得利益,愿求福德者作诸福德』;他以自己所得的利益而心满意足、欢喜,同样地以他人的利益而心满意足、欢喜。」
‘‘Taṃ kiṃ maññatha, bhikkhave, kathaṃrūpassa bhikkhuno aparisuddhā dhammadesanā hoti, kathaṃrūpassa bhikkhuno parisuddhā dhammadesanā hotī’’ti? ‘‘Bhagavaṃmūlakā no, bhante, dhammā bhagavaṃnettikā bhagavaṃpaṭisaraṇā. Sādhu vata, bhante, bhagavantaṃyeva paṭibhātu etassa bhāsitassa attho . Bhagavato sutvā bhikkhū dhāressantī’’ti. ‘‘Tena hi, bhikkhave, suṇātha, sādhukaṃ manasi karotha; bhāsissāmī’’ti. ‘‘Evaṃ, bhante’’ti kho te bhikkhū bhagavato paccassosuṃ. Bhagavā etadavoca –
「诸比库,你们认为如何,什么样的比库说法不清净,什么样的比库说法清净?」「尊者,我们的法以世尊为根本,以世尊为引导,以世尊为皈依处。尊者,实善哉!愿世尊阐明此所说之义。诸比库听闻世尊之后将忆持。」「诸比库,那么,你们要听!你们要善作意!我将说。」「是的,尊者。」那些比库回答世尊。世尊说此——
‘‘Yo hi koci, bhikkhave, bhikkhu evaṃcitto paresaṃ dhammaṃ deseti – ‘aho vata me dhammaṃ suṇeyyuṃ, sutvā ca pana dhammaṃ pasīdeyyuṃ, pasannā ca me pasannākāraṃ kareyyu’nti; evarūpassa kho, bhikkhave, bhikkhuno aparisuddhā dhammadesanā hoti.
「诸比库,任何比库以这样的心向他人说法——『啊,愿他们听我的法,听了法之后愿他们信受,信受之后愿他们对我表现信受之相』,诸比库,这样的比库的说法是不清净的。
‘‘Yo ca kho, bhikkhave, bhikkhu evaṃcitto paresaṃ dhammaṃ deseti – ‘svākkhāto bhagavatā dhammo sandiṭṭhiko akāliko ehipassiko opaneyyiko paccattaṃ veditabbo viññūhīti . Aho, vata me dhammaṃ suṇeyyuṃ, sutvā ca pana dhammaṃ ājāneyyuṃ, ājānitvā ca pana tathattāya paṭipajjeyyu’nti. Iti dhammasudhammataṃ paṭicca paresaṃ dhammaṃ deseti, kāruññaṃ paṭicca anuddayaṃ paṭicca anukampaṃ upādāya paresaṃ dhammaṃ deseti. Evarūpassa kho, bhikkhave, bhikkhuno parisuddhā dhammadesanā hoti.
「诸比库,任何比库以这样的心向他人说法——『法是世尊所善说的,是自见的、无时的、来见的、能引导的、智者应各自证知的。啊,愿他们听我的法,听了法之后愿他们了知,了知之后愿他们如实行道』。如此,缘于法的纯正性而向他人说法,缘于慈悯、缘于怜愍、缘于悲悯而向他人说法。诸比库,这样的比库的说法是清净的。
‘‘Kassapo, bhikkhave, evaṃcitto paresaṃ dhammaṃ deseti – ‘svākkhāto bhagavatā dhammo sandiṭṭhiko akāliko ehipassiko opaneyyiko paccattaṃ veditabbo viññūhīti. Aho, vata me dhammaṃ suṇeyyuṃ, sutvā ca pana dhammaṃ ājāneyyuṃ, ājānitvā ca pana tathattāya paṭipajjeyyu’nti. Iti dhammasudhammataṃ paṭicca paresaṃ dhammaṃ deseti, kāruññaṃ paṭicca anuddayaṃ paṭicca anukampaṃ upādāya paresaṃ dhammaṃ deseti. Kassapena vā hi vo, bhikkhave, ovadissāmi yo vā panassa kassapasadiso, ovaditehi ca pana vo tathattāya paṭipajjitabba’’nti. Tatiyaṃ.
「诸比库,咖沙巴以这样的心向他人说法——『法是世尊所善说的,是自见的、无时的、来见的、能引导的、智者应各自证知的。啊,愿他们听我的法,听了法之后愿他们了知,了知之后愿他们如实行道』。如此,缘于法的纯正性而向他人说法,缘于慈悯、缘于怜愍、缘于悲悯而向他人说法。诸比库,我将以咖沙巴或与咖沙巴相似者来教诫你们,被教诫之后你们应如实行道。」第三经。
4. Kulūpakasuttaṃ4. 家近住经
§147
Sāvatthiyaṃ viharati…pe… ‘‘taṃ kiṃ maññatha, bhikkhave, kathaṃrūpo bhikkhu arahati kulūpako hotuṃ, kathaṃrūpo bhikkhu na arahati kulūpako hotu’’nti? Bhagavaṃmūlakā no, bhante, dhammā…pe… bhagavā etadavoca –
住在沙瓦提……「诸比库,你们认为如何,怎样的比库值得成为俗家的常客,怎样的比库不值得成为俗家的常客?」「世尊,我们的法以世尊为根本……」世尊说此:——
‘‘Yo hi koci, bhikkhave, bhikkhu evaṃcitto kulāni upasaṅkamati – ‘dentuyeva me, mā nādaṃsu; bahukaññeva me dentu, mā thokaṃ; paṇītaññeva me dentu, mā lūkhaṃ; sīghaññeva me dentu, mā dandhaṃ; sakkaccaññeva me dentu, mā asakkacca’nti. Tassa ce, bhikkhave, bhikkhuno evaṃcittassa kulāni upasaṅkamato na denti, tena bhikkhu sandīyati; so tatonidānaṃ dukkhaṃ domanassaṃ paṭisaṃvedayati. Thokaṃ denti, no bahukaṃ…pe… lūkhaṃ denti, no paṇītaṃ… dandhaṃ denti, no sīghaṃ, tena bhikkhu sandīyati; so tatonidānaṃ dukkhaṃ domanassaṃ paṭisaṃvedayati. Asakkaccaṃ denti, no sakkaccaṃ; tena bhikkhu sandīyati; so tatonidānaṃ dukkhaṃ domanassaṃ paṭisaṃvedayati. Evarūpo kho, bhikkhave, bhikkhu na arahati kūlūpako hotuṃ.
「诸比库,任何比库以这样的心前往俗家——『愿他们给我,不要不给;愿他们给我很多,不要少;愿他们给我精美的,不要粗劣的;愿他们快快给我,不要慢慢给;愿他们恭敬地给我,不要不恭敬地给』。诸比库,如果这位有这样心的比库前往俗家时他们不给,那位比库就失望;他因此而感受苦与忧。他们给少,不给多……他们给粗劣的,不给精美的……他们慢慢给,不快快给,那位比库就失望;他因此而感受苦与忧。他们不恭敬地给,不恭敬地给;那位比库就失望;他因此而感受苦与忧。诸比库,这样的比库不值得成为俗家的常客。
‘‘Yo ca kho, bhikkhave, bhikkhu evaṃcitto kulāni upasaṅkamati – ‘taṃ kutettha labbhā parakulesu – dentuyeva me, mā nādaṃsu; bahukaññeva me dentu, mā thokaṃ; paṇītaññeva me dentu, mā lūkhaṃ; dīghaññeva me dentu, mā dandhaṃ; sakkaccaññeva me dentu, mā asakkacca’nti. Tassa ce, bhikkhave, bhikkhuno evaṃcittassa kulāni upasaṅkamato na denti; tena bhikkhu na sandīyati; so na tatonidānaṃ dukkhaṃ domanassaṃ paṭisaṃvedayati. Thokaṃ denti, no bahukaṃ; tena bhikkhu na sandīyati; so na tatonidānaṃ dukkhaṃ domanassaṃ paṭisaṃvedayati. Lūkhaṃ denti, no paṇītaṃ; tena bhikkhu na sandīyati; so na tatonidānaṃ dukkhaṃ domanassaṃ paṭisaṃvedayati. Dandhaṃ denti, no sīghaṃ; tena bhikkhu na sandīyati; so na tatonidānaṃ dukkhaṃ domanassaṃ paṭisaṃvedayati. Asakkaccaṃ denti, no sakkaccaṃ; tena bhikkhu na sandīyati; so na tatonidānaṃ dukkhaṃ domanassaṃ paṭisaṃvedayati. Evarūpo kho, bhikkhave, bhikkhu arahati kulūpako hotuṃ.
「诸比库,任何比库以这样的心前往俗家——『在他人的俗家怎么能得到这些——愿他们给我,不要不给;愿他们给我很多,不要少;愿他们给我精美的,不要粗劣的;愿他们快快给我,不要慢慢给;愿他们恭敬地给我,不要不恭敬地给』。诸比库,如果这位有这样心的比库前往俗家时他们不给;那位比库不失望;他不因此而感受苦与忧。他们给少,不给多;那位比库不失望;他不因此而感受苦与忧。他们给粗劣的,不给精美的;那位比库不失望;他不因此而感受苦与忧。他们慢慢给,不快快给;那位比库不失望;他不因此而感受苦与忧。他们不恭敬地给,不恭敬地给;那位比库不失望;他不因此而感受苦与忧。诸比库,这样的比库值得成为俗家的常客。
‘‘Kassapo, bhikkhave, evaṃcitto kulāni upasaṅkamati – ‘taṃ kutettha labbhā parakulesu – dentuyeva me, mā nādaṃsu; bahukaññeva me dentu, mā thokaṃ; paṇītaññeva me dentu, mā lūkhaṃ; sīghaññeva me dentu, mā dandhaṃ; sakkaccaññeva me dentu, mā asakkacca’nti. Tassa ce, bhikkhave, kassapassa evaṃcittassa kulāni upasaṅkamato na denti; tena kassapo na sandīyati; so na tatonidānaṃ dukkhaṃ domanassaṃ paṭisaṃvedayati. Thokaṃ denti, no bahukaṃ; tena kassapo na sandīyati; so na tatonidānaṃ dukkhaṃ domanassaṃ paṭisaṃvedayati. Lūkhaṃ denti , no paṇītaṃ; tena kassapo na sandīyati; so na tatonidānaṃ dukkhaṃ domanassaṃ paṭisaṃvedayati. Dandhaṃ denti, no sīghaṃ; tena kassapo na sandīyati; so na tatonidānaṃ dukkhaṃ domanassaṃ paṭisaṃvedayati. Asakkaccaṃ denti, no sakkaccaṃ; tena kassapo na sandīyati ; so na tatonidānaṃ dukkhaṃ domanassaṃ paṭisaṃvedayati. Kassapena vā hi vo, bhikkhave, ovadissāmi yo vā panassa kassapasadiso. Ovaditehi ca pana vo tathattāya paṭipajjitabba’’nti. Catutthaṃ.
「诸比库,咖沙巴以这样的心前往俗家——『在他人的俗家怎么能得到这些——愿他们给我,不要不给;愿他们给我很多,不要少;愿他们给我精美的,不要粗劣的;愿他们快快给我,不要慢慢给;愿他们恭敬地给我,不要不恭敬地给』。诸比库,如果咖沙巴有这样心前往俗家时他们不给;咖沙巴不失望;他不因此而感受苦与忧。他们给少,不给多;咖沙巴不失望;他不因此而感受苦与忧。他们给粗劣的,不给精美的;咖沙巴不失望;他不因此而感受苦与忧。他们慢慢给,不快快给;咖沙巴不失望;他不因此而感受苦与忧。他们不恭敬地给,不恭敬地给;咖沙巴不失望;他不因此而感受苦与忧。诸比库,我将以咖沙巴或与咖沙巴相似者来教诫你们。被教诫之后你们应如实行道。」第四经。
5. Jiṇṇasuttaṃ5. 老经
§148
Evaṃ me sutaṃ…pe… rājagahe veḷuvane. Atha kho āyasmā mahākassapo yena bhagavā tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā bhagavantaṃ abhivādetvā ekamantaṃ nisīdi. Ekamantaṃ nisinnaṃ kho āyasmantaṃ mahākassapaṃ bhagavā etadavoca – ‘‘jiṇṇosi dāni tvaṃ, kassapa, garukāni ca te imāni sāṇāni paṃsukūlāni nibbasanāni. Tasmātiha tvaṃ, kassapa, gahapatāni ceva cīvarāni dhārehi, nimantanāni ca bhuñjāhi, mama ca santike viharāhī’’ti.
如是我闻……住在王舍城竹林。那时,具寿马哈咖沙巴前往世尊所在之处;抵达后,礼敬世尊,在一旁坐下。世尊对坐在一旁的具寿马哈咖沙巴说此:——「咖沙巴,你现在已老了,这些粗重的尘堆衣对你是负担。咖沙巴,因此,你应穿在家人的衣服,应受邀请食,应住在我的近处。」
‘‘Ahaṃ kho, bhante, dīgharattaṃ āraññiko ceva āraññikattassa ca vaṇṇavādī, piṇḍapātiko ceva piṇḍapātikattassa ca vaṇṇavādī, paṃsukūliko ceva paṃsukūlikattassa ca vaṇṇavādī, tecīvariko ceva tecīvarikattassa ca vaṇṇavādī, appiccho ceva appicchatāya ca vaṇṇavādī, santuṭṭho ceva santuṭṭhiyā ca vaṇṇavādī, pavivitto ceva pavivekassa ca vaṇṇavādī, asaṃsaṭṭho ceva asaṃsaggassa ca vaṇṇavādī, āraddhavīriyo ceva vīriyārambhassa ca vaṇṇavādī’’ti.
「尊者,我长久以来是住林野者,也是赞叹住林野;是乞食者,也是赞叹乞食;是尘堆衣者,也是赞叹尘堆衣;是持三衣者,也是赞叹持三衣;是少欲者,也是赞叹少欲;是知足者,也是赞叹知足;是远离者,也是赞叹远离;是不交际者,也是赞叹不交际;是精进者,也是赞叹精进。」
‘‘Kiṃ pana tvaṃ, kassapa, atthavasaṃ sampassamāno dīgharattaṃ āraññiko ceva āraññikattassa ca vaṇṇavādī, piṇḍapātiko ceva…pe… paṃsukūliko ceva… tecīvariko ceva… appiccho ceva… santuṭṭho ceva… pavivitto ceva… asaṃsaṭṭho ceva… āraddhavīriyo ceva vīriyārambhassa ca vaṇṇavādī’’ti?
「咖沙巴,你见到什么义利,而长久以来是住林野者,也是赞叹住林野;是乞食者……是尘堆衣者……是持三衣者……是少欲者……是知足者……是远离者……是不交际者……是精进者,也是赞叹精进?」
‘‘Dve khvāhaṃ, bhante, atthavase sampassamāno dīgharattaṃ āraññiko ceva āraññikattassa ca vaṇṇavādī, piṇḍapātiko ceva…pe… paṃsukūliko ceva… tecīvariko ceva… appiccho ceva… santuṭṭho ceva… pavivitto ceva… asaṃsaṭṭho ceva… āraddhavīriyo ceva vīriyārambhassa ca vaṇṇavādī. Attano ca diṭṭhadhammasukhavihāraṃ sampassamāno, pacchimañca janataṃ anukampamāno – ‘appeva nāma pacchimā janatā diṭṭhānugatiṃ āpajjeyyuṃ’ . ‘Ye kira te ahesuṃ buddhānubuddhasāvakā te dīgharattaṃ āraññikā ceva ahesuṃ āraññikattassa ca vaṇṇavādino…pe… piṇḍapātikā ceva ahesuṃ …pe… paṃsukūlikā ceva ahesuṃ… tecīvarikā ceva ahesuṃ… appicchā ceva ahesuṃ… santuṭṭhā ceva ahesuṃ… pavivittā ceva ahesuṃ… asaṃsaṭṭhā ceva ahesuṃ… āraddhavīriyā ceva ahesuṃ vīriyārambhassa ca vaṇṇavādino’ti. Te tathattāya paṭipajjissanti, tesaṃ taṃ bhavissati dīgharattaṃ hitāya sukhāya.
「尊者,我见到两种义利,而长久以来是住林野者,也是赞叹住林野;是乞食者……是尘堆衣者……是持三衣者……是少欲者……是知足者……是远离者……是不交际者……是精进者,也是赞叹精进。见到自己现法乐住,以及怜愍后代:『愿后代能随见而行。那些据说是佛陀的随觉弟子们,他们长久以来是住林野者,也是赞叹住林野……是乞食者……是尘堆衣者……是持三衣者……是少欲者……是知足者……是远离者……是不交际者……是精进者,也是赞叹精进。』他们将如是行道,那将长久利益他们、安乐他们。」
‘‘Ime khvāhaṃ, bhante, dve atthavase sampassamāno dīgharattaṃ āraññiko ceva āraññikattassa ca vaṇṇavādī, piṇḍapātiko ceva…pe… paṃsukūliko ceva… tecīvariko ceva… appiccho ceva… santuṭṭho ceva… pavivitto ceva… asaṃsaṭṭho ceva… āraddhavīriyo ceva vīriyārambhassa ca vaṇṇavādī’’ti.
「尊者,我见到这两种义利,而长久以来是住林野者,也是赞叹住林野;是乞食者……是尘堆衣者……是持三衣者……是少欲者……是知足者……是远离者……是不交际者……是精进者,也是赞叹精进。」
‘‘Sādhu sādhu, kassapa. Bahujanahitāya kira tvaṃ, kassapa, paṭipanno bahujanasukhāya lokānukampāya atthāya hitāya sukhāya devamanussānaṃ. Tasmātiha tvaṃ, kassapa, sāṇāni ceva paṃsukūlāni dhārehi nibbasanāni, piṇḍāya ca carāhi, araññe ca viharāhī’’ti. Pañcamaṃ.
「善哉!善哉!咖沙巴。咖沙巴,你确实是为了众人的利益而行道,为了众人的安乐,为了怜愍世间,为了天人的义利、利益、安乐。因此,咖沙巴,你应当穿着粗糙的尘堆衣,应当行乞食,应当住在林野。」第五经。
6. Ovādasuttaṃ6. 教诫经
§149
Rājagahe veḷuvane. Atha kho āyasmā mahākassapo yena bhagavā tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā bhagavantaṃ abhivādetvā ekamantaṃ nisīdi. Ekamantaṃ nisinnaṃ kho āyasmantaṃ mahākassapaṃ bhagavā etadavoca – ‘‘ovada, kassapa, bhikkhū; karohi, kassapa, bhikkhūnaṃ dhammiṃ kathaṃ. Ahaṃ vā, kassapa , bhikkhū ovadeyyaṃ tvaṃ vā; ahaṃ vā bhikkhūnaṃ dhammiṃ kathaṃ kareyyaṃ tvaṃ vā’’ti.
在王舍城竹林。那时,具寿大咖沙巴去见世尊;抵达后,礼敬世尊,在一旁坐下。世尊对坐在一旁的具寿大咖沙巴这样说:「咖沙巴,你应教诫比库们;咖沙巴,你应对比库们作法的谈论。咖沙巴,我或者应教诫比库们,或者你;我或者应对比库们作法的谈论,或者你。」
‘‘Dubbacā kho, bhante, etarahi bhikkhū, dovacassakaraṇehi dhammehi samannāgatā, akkhamā, appadakkhiṇaggāhino anusāsaniṃ. Idhāhaṃ, bhante, addasaṃ bhaṇḍañca nāma bhikkhuṃ ānandassa saddhivihāriṃ abhijikañca nāma bhikkhuṃ anuruddhassa saddhivihāriṃ aññamaññaṃ sutena accāvadante – ‘ehi, bhikkhu, ko bahutaraṃ bhāsissati, ko sundarataraṃ bhāsissati, ko cirataraṃ bhāsissatī’’’ti.
「尊者,现在的比库们难以教诫,具有难以教诫的诸法,不能忍受,不恭敬地接受教诫。尊者,我在这里看见名叫班达的比库——阿难的同住弟子,以及名叫阿比基咖的比库——阿奴卢塔的同住弟子,彼此以所学相竞:『来吧,比库,谁能说得更多,谁能说得更好,谁能说得更久?』」
Atha kho bhagavā aññataraṃ bhikkhuṃ āmantesi – ‘‘ehi tvaṃ, bhikkhu, mama vacanena bhaṇḍañca bhikkhuṃ ānandassa saddhivihāriṃ abhijikañca bhikkhuṃ anuruddhassa saddhivihāriṃ āmantehi – ‘satthā āyasmante āmantetī’’’ti. ‘‘Evaṃ, bhante’’ti kho so bhikkhu bhagavato paṭissutvā yena te bhikkhū tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā te bhikkhū etadavoca – ‘‘satthā āyasmante āmantetī’’ti.
那时,世尊召唤某位比库:「来,比库,你以我的名义召唤班达比库——阿难的同住弟子,以及阿比基咖比库——阿奴卢塔的同住弟子:『导师召唤具寿们。』」「是的,尊者。」那位比库应诺世尊后,去见那些比库;抵达后,对那些比库这样说:「导师召唤具寿们。」
‘‘Evamāvuso’’ti kho te bhikkhū tassa bhikkhuno paṭissutvā yena bhagavā tenupasaṅkamiṃsu; upasaṅkamitvā bhagavantaṃ abhivādetvā ekamantaṃ nisīdiṃsu. Ekamantaṃ nisinne kho te bhikkhū bhagavā etadavoca – ‘‘saccaṃ kira tumhe, bhikkhave, aññamaññaṃ sutena accāvadatha – ‘ehi, bhikkhu, ko bahutaraṃ bhāsissati, ko sundarataraṃ bhāsissati, ko cirataraṃ bhāsissatī’’’ti? ‘‘Evaṃ, bhante’’. ‘‘Kiṃ nu kho me tumhe, bhikkhave, evaṃ dhammaṃ desitaṃ ājānātha – ‘etha tumhe, bhikkhave, aññamaññaṃ sutena accāvadatha – ehi, bhikkhu, ko bahutaraṃ bhāsissati, ko sundarataraṃ bhāsissati, ko cirataraṃ bhāsissatī’’’ti? ‘‘No hetaṃ, bhante’’. ‘‘No ce kira me tumhe, bhikkhave, evaṃ dhammaṃ desitaṃ ājānātha, atha kiṃ carahi tumhe, moghapurisā, kiṃ jānantā kiṃ passantā evaṃ svākkhāte dhammavinaye pabbajitā samānā aññamaññaṃ sutena accāvadatha – ‘ehi, bhikkhu, ko bahutaraṃ bhāsissati, ko sundarataraṃ bhāsissati, ko cirataraṃ bhāsissatī’’’ti.
「是的,具寿。」那些比库应诺了那位比库后,前往世尊所在之处;抵达后,礼敬世尊,坐于一旁。世尊对坐于一旁的那些比库说:「诸比库,听说你们确实互相以所闻竞胜——『来吧,比库,谁能说得更多,谁能说得更美妙,谁能说得更久?』」「是的,世尊。」「诸比库,你们了知我如此教导法吗:『来吧,你们诸比库,互相以所闻竞胜——来吧,比库,谁能说得更多,谁能说得更美妙,谁能说得更久?』」「不,世尊。」「诸比库,如果你们不了知我如此教导法,那么你们这些愚人,知道什么、见到什么,在如此善说的法与律中出家,却互相以所闻竞胜——『来吧,比库,谁能说得更多,谁能说得更美妙,谁能说得更久?』」
Atha kho te bhikkhū bhagavato pādesu sirasā nipatitvā bhagavantaṃ etadavocuṃ – ‘‘accayo no, bhante, accagamā, yathābāle yathāmūḷhe yathāakusale , ye mayaṃ evaṃ svākkhāte dhammavinaye pabbajitā samānā aññamaññaṃ sutena accāvadimha – ‘ehi, bhikkhu, ko bahutaraṃ bhāsissati , ko sundarataraṃ bhāsissati, ko cirataraṃ bhāsissatī’ti. Tesaṃ no, bhante, bhagavā accayaṃ accayato paṭiggaṇhātu āyatiṃ saṃvarāyā’’ti.
于是,那些比库以头礼拜世尊足,对世尊说:「世尊,我们犯了过失,如愚者、如痴者、如不善者,我们在如此善说的法与律中出家,却互相以所闻竞胜——『来吧,比库,谁能说得更多,谁能说得更美妙,谁能说得更久。』世尊,请接受我们的过失为过失,以便未来防护。」
‘‘Taggha tumhe, bhikkhave, accayo accagamā yathābāle yathāmūḷhe yathāakusale, ye tumhe evaṃ svākkhāte dhammavinaye pabbajitā samānā aññamaññaṃ sutena accāvadittha – ‘ehi, bhikkhu, ko bahutaraṃ bhāsissati, ko sundarataraṃ bhāsissati, ko cirataraṃ bhāsissatī’ti. Yato ca kho tumhe, bhikkhave, accayaṃ accayato disvā yathādhammaṃ paṭikarotha, taṃ vo mayaṃ paṭiggaṇhāma. Vuddhi hesā, bhikkhave, ariyassa vinaye yo accayaṃ accayato disvā yathādhammaṃ paṭikaroti āyatiñca saṃvaraṃ āpajjatī’’ti. Chaṭṭhaṃ.
「诸比库,你们确实犯了过失,如愚者、如痴者、如不善者,你们在如此善说的法与律中出家,却互相以所闻竞胜——『来吧,比库,谁能说得更多,谁能说得更美妙,谁能说得更久。』诸比库,然而,既然你们见过失为过失而如法忏悔,我们接受它。诸比库,在圣者之律中,这确实是增长:见过失为过失而如法忏悔,并在未来达到防护。」第六经。
7. Dutiyaovādasuttaṃ7. 第二教诫经
§150
Rājagahe viharati veḷuvane . Atha kho āyasmā mahākassapo yena bhagavā tenupasaṅkami…pe… ekamantaṃ nisinnaṃ kho āyasmantaṃ mahākassapaṃ bhagavā etadavoca – ‘‘ovada, kassapa, bhikkhū; karohi, kassapa, bhikkhūnaṃ dhammiṃ kathaṃ. Ahaṃ vā, kassapa , bhikkhū ovadeyyaṃ tvaṃ vā; ahaṃ vā bhikkhūnaṃ dhammiṃ kathaṃ kareyyaṃ tvaṃ vā’’ti.
住在王舍城竹林。于是,具寿马哈咖沙巴前往世尊所在之处……坐于一旁。世尊对坐于一旁的具寿马哈咖沙巴说:「咖沙巴,你教诫诸比库;咖沙巴,你对诸比库作法的谈论。咖沙巴,我或者教诫诸比库,或者你;我或者对诸比库作法的谈论,或者你。」
‘‘Dubbacā kho, bhante, etarahi bhikkhū, dovacassakaraṇehi dhammehi samannāgatā akkhamā appadakkhiṇaggāhino anusāsaniṃ. Yassa kassaci, bhante, saddhā natthi kusalesu dhammesu, hirī natthi kusalesu dhammesu, ottappaṃ natthi kusalesu dhammesu, vīriyaṃ natthi kusalesu dhammesu, paññā natthi kusalesu dhammesu, tassa yā ratti vā divaso vā āgacchati , hāniyeva pāṭikaṅkhā kusalesu dhammesu, no vuddhi.
「世尊,现在的诸比库难以教诫,具足难以教诫之法,不能忍受,不恭敬地接受教诫。世尊,任何人对善法无信、对善法无惭、对善法无愧、对善法无精进、对善法无慧,当他的夜或日来临时,只应期待善法的衰退,而非增长。
‘‘Seyyathāpi, bhante, kāḷapakkhe candassa yā ratti vā divaso vā āgacchati, hāyateva vaṇṇena, hāyati maṇḍalena, hāyati ābhāya, hāyati ārohapariṇāhena. Evameva kho, bhante, yassa kassaci saddhā natthi kusalesu dhammesu…pe… hirī natthi… ottappaṃ natthi … vīriyaṃ natthi… paññā natthi… kusalesu dhammesu tassa yā ratti vā divaso vā āgacchati, hāniyeva pāṭikaṅkhā kusalesu dhammesu, no vuddhi.
「世尊,譬如黑分月,当夜或日来临时,色衰退,圆满衰退,光明衰退,周围与直径衰退。同样地,世尊,任何人对善法无信……无惭……无愧……无精进……对善法无慧,当他的夜或日来临时,只应期待善法的衰退,而非增长。
‘‘‘Assaddho purisapuggalo’ti, bhante, parihānametaṃ; ‘ahiriko purisapuggalo’ti, bhante, parihānametaṃ; ‘anottappī purisapuggalo’ti, bhante, parihānametaṃ; ‘kusīto purisapuggalo’ti, bhante, parihānametaṃ; ‘duppañño purisapuggalo’ti, bhante, parihānametaṃ; ‘kodhano purisapuggalo’ti, bhante, parihānametaṃ; ‘upanāhī purisapuggalo’ti, bhante, parihānametaṃ; ‘na santi bhikkhū ovādakā’ti, bhante, parihānametaṃ.
「『无信之人』,世尊,这是衰退;『无惭之人』,世尊,这是衰退;『无愧之人』,世尊,这是衰退;『懈怠之人』,世尊,这是衰退;『劣慧之人』,世尊,这是衰退;『易怒之人』,世尊,这是衰退;『怀恨之人』,世尊,这是衰退;『没有教诫者比库』,世尊,这是衰退。
‘‘Yassa kassaci, bhante, saddhā atthi kusalesu dhammesu, hirī atthi kusalesu dhammesu, ottappaṃ atthi kusalesu dhammesu, vīriyaṃ atthi kusalesu dhammesu, paññā atthi kusalesu dhammesu, tassa yā ratti vā divaso vā āgacchati, vuddhiyeva pāṭikaṅkhā kusalesu dhammesu, no parihāni.
「世尊,任何人对善法有信、对善法有惭、对善法有愧、对善法有精进、对善法有慧,当他的夜或日来临时,只应期待善法的增长,而非衰退。
‘‘Seyyathāpi, bhante, juṇhapakkhe candassa yā ratti vā divaso vā āgacchati, vaḍḍhateva vaṇṇena, vaḍḍhati maṇḍalena , vaḍḍhati ābhāya, vaḍḍhati ārohapariṇāhena. Evameva kho, bhante, yassa kassaci saddhā atthi kusalesu dhammesu… hirī atthi…pe… ottappaṃ atthi… vīriyaṃ atthi… paññā atthi kusalesu dhammesu tassa yā ratti vā divaso vā āgacchati, vuddhiyeva pāṭikaṅkhā kusalesu dhammesu, no parihāni.
「尊者!譬如在月白分,无论夜或日来临,月亮增长于色,增长于圆轮,增长于光辉,增长于升起与周围。同样地,尊者!无论任何人对诸善法有信……有惭……有愧……有精进……对诸善法有慧,无论夜或日来临,应期待在诸善法上只有增长,而无衰退。」
‘‘‘Saddho purisapuggalo’ti, bhante, aparihānametaṃ; ‘hirimā purisapuggalo’ti, bhante, aparihānametaṃ; ‘ottappī purisapuggalo’ti, bhante, aparihānametaṃ; ‘āraddhavīriyo purisapuggalo’ti, bhante, aparihānametaṃ; ‘paññavā purisapuggalo’ti, bhante, aparihānametaṃ; ‘akkodhano purisapuggalo’ti, bhante, aparihānametaṃ; ‘anupanāhī purisapuggalo’ti, bhante, aparihānametaṃ; ‘santi bhikkhū ovādakā’ti, bhante, aparihānameta’’nti.
「『有信的人』,尊者!这是不衰退;『有惭的人』,尊者!这是不衰退;『有愧的人』,尊者!这是不衰退;『已发精进的人』,尊者!这是不衰退;『有慧的人』,尊者!这是不衰退;『不嗔的人』,尊者!这是不衰退;『不怀恨的人』,尊者!这是不衰退;『有诸比库教诫者』,尊者!这是不衰退。」
‘‘Sādhu sādhu, kassapa. Yassa kassaci, kassapa, saddhā natthi kusalesu dhammesu…pe… hirī natthi… ottappaṃ natthi… vīriyaṃ natthi… paññā natthi kusalesu dhammesu tassa yā ratti vā divaso vā āgacchati, hāniyeva pāṭikaṅkhā kusalesu dhammesu, no vuddhi.
「善哉!善哉!咖沙巴。咖沙巴!无论任何人对诸善法无信……无惭……无愧……无精进……对诸善法无慧,无论夜或日来临,应期待在诸善法上只有衰退,而无增长。」
‘‘Seyyathāpi, kassapa, kāḷapakkhe candassa yā ratti vā divaso vā āgacchati, hāyateva vaṇṇena…pe… hāyati ārohapariṇāhena. Evameva kho, kassapa, yassa kassaci saddhā natthi kusalesu dhammesu…pe… hirī natthi… ottappaṃ natthi… vīriyaṃ natthi… paññā natthi kusalesu dhammesu tassa yā ratti vā divaso vā āgacchati, hāniyeva pāṭikaṅkhā kusalesu dhammesu, no vuddhi. ‘Assaddho purisapuggalo’ti, kassapa, parihānametaṃ ; ahiriko…pe… anottappī… kusīto… duppañño… kodhano… ‘upanāhī purisapuggalo’ti, kassapa, parihānametaṃ; ‘na santi bhikkhū ovādakā’ti, kassapa, parihānametaṃ.
「咖沙巴!譬如在月黑分,无论夜或日来临,月亮减损于色……减损于升起与周围。同样地,咖沙巴!无论任何人对诸善法无信……无惭……无愧……无精进……对诸善法无慧,无论夜或日来临,应期待在诸善法上只有衰退,而无增长。『无信的人』,咖沙巴!这是衰退;无惭的……无愧的……懈怠的……劣慧的……嗔的……『怀恨的人』,咖沙巴!这是衰退;『无诸比库教诫者』,咖沙巴!这是衰退。」
‘‘Yassa kassaci, kassapa, saddhā atthi kusalesu dhammesu…pe… hirī atthi… ottappaṃ atthi… vīriyaṃ atthi… paññā atthi kusalesu dhammesu tassa yā ratti vā divaso vā āgacchati, vuddhiyeva pāṭikaṅkhā kusalesu dhammesu, no parihāni.
「咖沙巴!无论任何人对诸善法有信……有惭……有愧……有精进……对诸善法有慧,无论夜或日来临,应期待在诸善法上只有增长,而无衰退。」
‘‘Seyyathāpi, kassapa, juṇhapakkhe candassa yā ratti vā divaso vā āgacchati, vaḍḍhateva vaṇṇena, vaḍḍhati maṇḍalena, vaḍḍhati ābhāya, vaḍḍhati ārohapariṇāhena. Evameva kho, kassapa, yassa kassaci saddhā atthi kusalesu dhammesu hirī atthi… ottappaṃ atthi… vīriyaṃ atthi… paññā atthi kusalesu dhammesu tassa yā ratti vā divaso vā āgacchati, vuddhiyeva pāṭikaṅkhā kusalesu dhammesu, no parihāni.
「咖沙巴!譬如在月白分,无论夜或日来临,月亮增长于色,增长于圆轮,增长于光辉,增长于升起与周围。同样地,咖沙巴!无论任何人对诸善法有信,有惭……有愧……有精进……对诸善法有慧,无论夜或日来临,应期待在诸善法上只有增长,而无衰退。」
‘‘‘Saddho purisapuggalo’ti, kassapa, aparihānametaṃ; hirimā…pe… ottappī… āraddhavīriyo… paññavā… akkodhano… ‘anupanāhī purisapuggalo’ti, kassapa, aparihānametaṃ; ‘santi bhikkhū ovādakā’ti, kassapa, aparihānameta’’nti. Sattamaṃ.
「『有信的人』,咖沙巴!这是不衰退;有惭的……有愧的……已发精进的……有慧的……不嗔的……『不怀恨的人』,咖沙巴!这是不衰退;『有诸比库教诫者』,咖沙巴!这是不衰退。」第七经。
8. Tatiyaovādasuttaṃ8. 第三教诫经
§151
Rājagahe kalandakanivāpe . Atha kho āyasmā mahākassapo yena bhagavā tenupasaṅkami ; upasaṅkamitvā bhagavantaṃ abhivādetvā ekamantaṃ nisīdi. Ekamantaṃ nisinnaṃ kho āyasmantaṃ mahākassapaṃ bhagavā etadavoca – ‘‘ovada, kassapa, bhikkhū; karohi, kassapa, bhikkhūnaṃ dhammiṃ kathaṃ. Ahaṃ vā, kassapa, bhikkhūnaṃ ovadeyyaṃ tvaṃ vā; ahaṃ vā bhikkhūnaṃ dhammiṃ kathaṃ kareyyaṃ tvaṃ vā’’ti.
在王舍城咖喇达咖尼瓦巴。那时,具寿马哈咖沙巴去到世尊那里;去到之后,礼敬世尊,在一旁坐下。世尊对在一旁坐下的具寿马哈咖沙巴这样说:「咖沙巴!你教诫诸比库;咖沙巴!你对诸比库作如法之说。咖沙巴!或者我应教诫诸比库,或者你;或者我应对诸比库作如法之说,或者你。」
‘‘Dubbacā kho, bhante, etarahi bhikkhū, dovacassakaraṇehi dhammehi samannāgatā, akkhamā, appadakkhiṇaggāhino anusāsanī’’nti. ‘‘Tathā hi pana, kassapa, pubbe therā bhikkhū āraññikā ceva ahesuṃ āraññikattassa ca vaṇṇavādino, piṇḍapātikā ceva ahesuṃ piṇḍapātikattassa ca vaṇṇavādino , paṃsukūlikā ceva ahesuṃ paṃsukūlikattassa ca vaṇṇavādino, tecīvarikā ceva ahesuṃ tecīvarikattassa ca vaṇṇavādino, appicchā ceva ahesuṃ appicchatāya ca vaṇṇavādino, santuṭṭhā ceva ahesuṃ santuṭṭhiyā ca vaṇṇavādino, pavivittā ceva ahesuṃ pavivekassa ca vaṇṇavādino, asaṃsaṭṭhā ceva ahesuṃ asaṃsaggassa ca vaṇṇavādino, āraddhavīriyā ceva ahesuṃ vīriyārambhassa ca vaṇṇavādino.
「尊者!现今诸比库难劝,具足难劝之法,不能忍耐,不恭敬地接受教诫。」「咖沙巴!确实如此,因为从前诸长老比库既是住林者,也是赞叹住林者;既是乞食者,也是赞叹乞食者;既是尘堆衣者,也是赞叹尘堆衣者;既是三衣者,也是赞叹三衣者;既是少欲者,也是赞叹少欲;既是知足者,也是赞叹知足;既是远离者,也是赞叹远离;既是不交际者,也是赞叹不交际;既是精进者,也是赞叹精进。」
‘‘Tatra yo hoti bhikkhu āraññiko ceva āraññikattassa ca vaṇṇavādī, piṇḍapātiko ceva piṇḍapātikattassa ca vaṇṇavādī, paṃsukūliko ceva paṃsukūlikattassa ca vaṇṇavādī, tecīvariko ceva tecīvarikattassa ca vaṇṇavādī, appiccho ceva appicchatāya ca vaṇṇavādī, santuṭṭho ceva santuṭṭhiyā ca vaṇṇavādī, pavivitto ceva pavivekassa ca vaṇṇavādī, asaṃsaṭṭho ceva asaṃsaggassa ca vaṇṇavādī, āraddhavīriyo ceva vīriyārambhassa ca vaṇṇavādī, taṃ therā bhikkhū āsanena nimantenti – ‘ehi, bhikkhu, ko nāmāyaṃ bhikkhu, bhaddako vatāyaṃ bhikkhu, sikkhākāmo vatāyaṃ bhikkhu; ehi, bhikkhu, idaṃ āsanaṃ nisīdāhī’’’ti.
「咖沙巴!在那里,凡是比库既是住林者,也是赞叹住林者;既是乞食者,也是赞叹乞食者;既是尘堆衣者,也是赞叹尘堆衣者;既是三衣者,也是赞叹三衣者;既是少欲者,也是赞叹少欲;既是知足者,也是赞叹知足;既是远离者,也是赞叹远离;既是不交际者,也是赞叹不交际;既是精进者,也是赞叹精进,诸长老比库以座位邀请他——『来,比库!这位比库名叫什么?这位比库确实贤善!这位比库确实乐于学!来,比库!请坐此座!』」
‘‘Tatra, kassapa, navānaṃ bhikkhūnaṃ evaṃ hoti – ‘yo kira so hoti bhikkhu āraññiko ceva āraññikattassa ca vaṇṇavādī, piṇḍapātiko ceva…pe… paṃsukūliko ceva… tecīvariko ceva… appiccho ceva… santuṭṭho ceva… pavivitto ceva… asaṃsaṭṭho ceva… āraddhavīriyo ceva vīriyārambhassa ca vaṇṇavādī, taṃ therā bhikkhū āsanena nimantenti – ehi, bhikkhu, ko nāmāyaṃ bhikkhu, bhaddako vatāyaṃ bhikkhu, sikkhākāmo vatāyaṃ bhikkhu; ehi, bhikkhu, idaṃ āsanaṃ nisīdāhī’ti. Te tathattāya paṭipajjanti; tesaṃ taṃ hoti dīgharattaṃ hitāya sukhāya.
「咖沙巴!在那里,诸新比库这样想:『凡是比库既是住林者,也是赞叹住林者;既是乞食者……既是尘堆衣者……既是三衣者……既是少欲者……既是知足者……既是远离者……既是不交际者……既是精进者,也是赞叹精进,诸长老比库以座位邀请他——来,比库!这位比库名叫什么?这位比库确实贤善!这位比库确实乐于学!来,比库!请坐此座!』他们依那样而行道;那对他们长夜有利益、有安乐。」
‘‘Etarahi pana, kassapa, therā bhikkhū na ceva āraññikā na ca āraññikattassa vaṇṇavādino, na ceva piṇḍapātikā na ca piṇḍapātikattassa vaṇṇavādino, na ceva paṃsukūlikā na ca paṃsukūlikattassa vaṇṇavādino, na ceva tecīvarikā na ca tecīvarikattassa vaṇṇavādino, na ceva appicchā na ca appicchatāya vaṇṇavādino, na ceva santuṭṭhā na ca santuṭṭhiyā vaṇṇavādino, na ceva pavivittā na ca pavivekassa vaṇṇavādino, na ceva asaṃsaṭṭhā na ca asaṃsaggassa vaṇṇavādino , na ceva āraddhavīriyā na ca vīriyārambhassa vaṇṇavādino.
「咖沙巴!然而现今诸长老比库既非住林者,也非赞叹住林者;既非乞食者,也非赞叹乞食者;既非尘堆衣者,也非赞叹尘堆衣者;既非三衣者,也非赞叹三衣者;既非少欲者,也非赞叹少欲;既非知足者,也非赞叹知足;既非远离者,也非赞叹远离;既非不交际者,也非赞叹不交际;既非精进者,也非赞叹精进。」
‘‘Tatra yo hoti bhikkhu ñāto yasassī lābhī cīvara-piṇḍapāta-senāsanagilānappaccayabhesajjaparikkhārānaṃ taṃ therā bhikkhū āsanena nimantenti – ‘ehi, bhikkhu, ko nāmāyaṃ bhikkhu, bhaddako vatāyaṃ bhikkhu, sabrahmacārikāmo vatāyaṃ bhikkhu; ehi, bhikkhu, idaṃ āsanaṃ nisīdāhī’’’ti.
「在那里,凡是比库知名、有名声、得利养衣服、钵食、住所、病者所需药品资具,诸长老比库以座位邀请他——『来,比库!这位比库名叫什么?这位比库确实贤善!这位比库确实乐于梵行!来,比库!请坐此座!』」
‘‘Tatra, kassapa, navānaṃ bhikkhūnaṃ evaṃ hoti – ‘yo kira so hoti bhikkhu ñāto yasassī lābhī cīvara-piṇḍapāta-senāsana-gilānappaccayabhesajjaparikkhārānaṃ taṃ therā bhikkhū āsanena nimantenti – ehi, bhikkhu, ko nāmāyaṃ bhikkhu, bhaddako vatāyaṃ bhikkhu, sabrahmacārikāmo vatāyaṃ bhikkhu; ehi, bhikkhu, idaṃ āsanaṃ nisīdāhī’ti. Te tathattāya paṭipajjanti. Tesaṃ taṃ hoti dīgharattaṃ ahitāya dukkhāya. Yañhi taṃ, kassapa, sammā vadamāno vadeyya – ‘upaddutā brahmacārī brahmacārūpaddavena abhipatthanā brahmacārī brahmacāriabhipatthanenā’ti , etarahi taṃ, kassapa, sammā vadamāno vadeyya – ‘upaddutā brahmacārī brahmacārūpaddavena abhipatthanā brahmacārī brahmacāriabhipatthanenā’’’ti. Aṭṭhamaṃ.
「咖沙巴!在那里,诸新比库这样想:『凡是比库知名、有名声、得利养衣服、钵食、住所、病者所需药品资具,诸长老比库以座位邀请他——来,比库!这位比库名叫什么?这位比库确实贤善!这位比库确实乐于梵行!来,比库!请坐此座!』他们依那样而行道。那对他们长夜无利益、有痛苦。咖沙巴!凡正确地说者应说:『梵行者被梵行之灾难所恼害,梵行者被梵行之追求所追求』,咖沙巴!现今正确地说者应说:『梵行者被梵行之灾难所恼害,梵行者被梵行之追求所追求』。」第八经。
9. Jhānābhiññasuttaṃ9. 禅那神通经
§152
Sāvatthiyaṃ viharati…pe… ‘‘ahaṃ, bhikkhave, yāvadeva ākaṅkhāmi vivicceva kāmehi vivicca akusalehi dhammehi savitakkaṃ savicāraṃ vivekajaṃ pītisukhaṃ paṭhamaṃ jhānaṃ upasampajja viharāmi. Kassapopi , bhikkhave, yāvadeva ākaṅkhati vivicceva kāmehi vivicca akusalehi dhammehi savitakkaṃ savicāraṃ vivekajaṃ pītisukhaṃ paṭhamaṃ jhānaṃ upasampajja viharati’’.
住在沙瓦提……「诸比库!我只要希望,离诸欲,离诸不善法,有寻、有伺,离生喜乐,成就初禅而住。诸比库!咖沙巴也只要希望,离诸欲,离诸不善法,有寻、有伺,离生喜乐,成就初禅而住。」
‘‘Ahaṃ , bhikkhave, yāvadeva ākaṅkhāmi vitakkavicārānaṃ vūpasamā ajjhattaṃ sampasādanaṃ cetaso ekodibhāvaṃ avitakkaṃ avicāraṃ samādhijaṃ pītisukhaṃ dutiyaṃ jhānaṃ upasampajja viharāmi. Kassapopi, bhikkhave, yāvadeva ākaṅkhati vitakkavicārānaṃ vūpasamā…pe… dutiyaṃ jhānaṃ upasampajja viharati.
「诸比库!我只要希望,由于寻伺的止息,内净,心专一性,无寻、无伺,定生喜乐,成就第二禅而住。诸比库!咖沙巴也只要希望,由于寻伺的止息……成就第二禅而住。」
‘‘Ahaṃ, bhikkhave, yāvadeva ākaṅkhāmi pītiyā ca virāgā upekkhako ca viharāmi sato ca sampajāno sukhañca kāyena paṭisaṃvedemi, yaṃ taṃ ariyā ācikkhanti – ‘upekkhako satimā sukhavihārī’ti tatiyaṃ jhānaṃ upasampajja viharāmi. Kassapopi, bhikkhave, yāvadeva ākaṅkhati pītiyā ca virāgā upekkhako ca viharati sato ca sampajāno, sukhañca kāyena paṭisaṃvedeti, yaṃ taṃ ariyā ācikkhanti – ‘upekkhako satimā sukhavihārī’ti tatiyaṃ jhānaṃ upasampajja viharati.
「诸比库,我只要愿意,就离喜而住于舍,具念、正知,以身体验乐,正如诸圣者所宣说的『舍、具念、乐住』,证入第三禅那而住。诸比库,咖沙巴也只要愿意,就离喜而住于舍,具念、正知,以身体验乐,正如诸圣者所宣说的『舍、具念、乐住』,证入第三禅那而住。」
‘‘Ahaṃ, bhikkhave, yāvadeva ākaṅkhāmi sukhassa ca pahānā dukkhassa ca pahānā pubbeva somanassadomanassānaṃ atthaṅgamā adukkhamasukhaṃ upekkhāsatipārisuddhiṃ catutthaṃ jhānaṃ upasampajja viharāmi. Kassapopi, bhikkhave, yāvadeva ākaṅkhati sukhassa ca pahānā …pe… catutthaṃ jhānaṃ upasampajja viharati.
「诸比库,我只要愿意,就舍断乐与舍断苦,先前的喜忧已灭没,不苦不乐,舍念清净,证入第四禅那而住。诸比库,咖沙巴也只要愿意,就舍断乐……证入第四禅那而住。」
‘‘Ahaṃ, bhikkhave, yāvadeva ākaṅkhāmi sabbaso rūpasaññānaṃ samatikkamā paṭighasaññānaṃ atthaṅgamā nānattasaññānaṃ amanasikārā ananto ākāsoti ākāsānañcāyatanaṃ upasampajja viharāmi. Kassapopi , bhikkhave, yāvadeva ākaṅkhati sabbaso rūpasaññānaṃ samatikkamā…pe… ākāsānañcāyatanaṃ upasampajja viharati.
「诸比库,我只要愿意,就完全超越色想,灭没有对想,不作意种种想,『空是无边的』,证入空无边处而住。诸比库,咖沙巴也只要愿意,就完全超越色想……证入空无边处而住。」
‘‘Ahaṃ, bhikkhave, yāvadeva ākaṅkhāmi sabbaso ākāsānañcāyatanaṃ samatikkamma anantaṃ viññāṇanti viññāṇañcāyatanaṃ upasampajja viharāmi. Kassapopi , bhikkhave, yāvadeva ākaṅkhati sabbaso ākāsānañcāyatanaṃ samatikkamma anantaṃ viññāṇanti viññāṇañcāyatanaṃ upasampajja viharati.
「诸比库,我只要愿意,就完全超越空无边处,『识是无边的』,证入识无边处而住。诸比库,咖沙巴也只要愿意,就完全超越空无边处,『识是无边的』,证入识无边处而住。」
‘‘Ahaṃ, bhikkhave, yāvadeva ākaṅkhāmi sabbaso viññāṇañcāyatanaṃ samatikkamma ‘natthi kiñcī’ti ākiñcaññāyatanaṃ upasampajja viharāmi. Kassapopi, bhikkhave, yāvadeva ākaṅkhati…pe… ākiñcaññāyatanaṃ upasampajja viharati.
「诸比库,我只要愿意,就完全超越识无边处,『无所有』,证入无所有处而住。诸比库,咖沙巴也只要愿意……证入无所有处而住。」
‘‘Ahaṃ, bhikkhave, yāvadeva ākaṅkhāmi sabbaso ākiñcaññāyatanaṃ samatikkamma nevasaññānāsaññāyatanaṃ upasampajja viharāmi. Kassapopi, bhikkhave, yāvadeva ākaṅkhati…pe… nevasaññānāsaññāyatanaṃ upasampajja viharati.
「诸比库,我只要愿意,就完全超越无所有处,证入非想非非想处而住。诸比库,咖沙巴也只要愿意……证入非想非非想处而住。」
‘‘Ahaṃ, bhikkhave, yāvadeva ākaṅkhāmi sabbaso nevasaññānāsaññāyatanaṃ samatikkamma saññāvedayitanirodhaṃ upasampajja viharāmi. Kassapopi, bhikkhave…pe… saññāvedayitanirodhaṃ upasampajja viharati.
「诸比库,我只要愿意,就完全超越非想非非想处,证入想受灭而住。诸比库,咖沙巴也……证入想受灭而住。」
‘‘Ahaṃ , bhikkhave, yāvadeva ākaṅkhāmi anekavihitaṃ iddhividhaṃ paccanubhomi – ekopi hutvā bahudhā homi, bahudhāpi hutvā eko homi; āvibhāvaṃ, tirobhāvaṃ, tirokuṭṭaṃ, tiropākāraṃ, tiropabbataṃ, asajjamāno gacchāmi, seyyathāpi ākāse; pathaviyāpi ummujjanimujjaṃ karomi, seyyathāpi udake; udakepi abhijjamāne gacchāmi, seyyathāpi pathaviyaṃ; ākāsepi pallaṅkena kamāmi, seyyathāpi pakkhī sakuṇo; imepi candimasūriye evaṃmahiddhike evaṃmahānubhāve pāṇinā parimasāmi parimajjāmi; yāva brahmalokāpi kāyena vasaṃ vattemi. Kassapopi, bhikkhave, yāvadeva ākaṅkhati anekavihitaṃ iddhividhaṃ paccanubhoti…pe… yāva brahmalokāpi kāyena vasaṃ vatteti.
「诸比库,我只要愿意,就体验种种神变:一人变多人,多人变一人;显现、隐没;穿墙、穿壁、穿山而行无碍,犹如在虚空中;在地中出没,犹如在水中;在水上行走不沉,犹如在地上;在空中以盘腿而行,犹如有翅之鸟;以手触摸、抚摸如此大神力、大威力的日月;乃至以身自在行至梵天界。诸比库,咖沙巴也只要愿意,就体验种种神变……乃至以身自在行至梵天界。」
‘‘Ahaṃ, bhikkhave, yāvadeva ākaṅkhāmi dibbāya sotadhātuyā visuddhāya atikkantamānusikāya ubho sadde suṇāmi, dibbe ca mānuse ca, ye dūre santike ca. Kassapopi, bhikkhave, yāvadeva ākaṅkhati dibbāya sotadhātuyā…pe… dūre santike ca.
「诸比库,我只要希望,就以清净、超越人的天耳界,听到两种声音,天的和人的,远的和近的。诸比库,咖沙巴也只要希望,就以清净、超越人的天耳界……远的和近的。
‘‘Ahaṃ , bhikkhave, yāvadeva ākaṅkhāmi parasattānaṃ parapuggalānaṃ cetasā ceto paricca pajānāmi – sarāgaṃ vā cittaṃ sarāgaṃ cittanti pajānāmi, vītarāgaṃ vā cittaṃ vītarāgaṃ cittanti pajānāmi, sadosaṃ vā cittaṃ…pe… vītadosaṃ vā cittaṃ… samohaṃ vā cittaṃ… vītamohaṃ vā cittaṃ… saṃkhittaṃ vā cittaṃ… vikkhittaṃ vā cittaṃ… mahaggataṃ vā cittaṃ… amahaggataṃ vā cittaṃ… sauttaraṃ vā cittaṃ… anuttaraṃ vā cittaṃ… samāhitaṃ vā cittaṃ… asamāhitaṃ vā cittaṃ… vimuttaṃ vā cittaṃ… avimuttaṃ vā cittaṃ avimuttaṃ cittanti pajānāmi. Kassapopi, bhikkhave, yāvadeva ākaṅkhati parasattānaṃ parapuggalānaṃ cetasā ceto paricca pajānāti – sarāgaṃ vā cittaṃ sarāgaṃ cittanti pajānāti…pe… avimuttaṃ vā cittaṃ avimuttaṃ cittanti pajānāti.
「诸比库,我只要希望,就以心遍知其他有情、其他补特伽罗的心——我了知有贪的心为有贪的心,我了知离贪的心为离贪的心,我了知有嗔的心……离嗔的心……有痴的心……离痴的心……收缩的心……散乱的心……广大的心……不广大的心……有上的心……无上的心……得定的心……未得定的心……解脱的心……我了知未解脱的心为未解脱的心。诸比库,咖沙巴也只要希望,就以心遍知其他有情、其他补特伽罗的心——他了知有贪的心为有贪的心……他了知未解脱的心为未解脱的心。
‘‘Ahaṃ, bhikkhave, yāvadeva ākaṅkhāmi anekavihitaṃ pubbenivāsaṃ anussarāmi, seyyathidaṃ – ekampi jātiṃ dvepi jātiyo tissopi jātiyo catassopi jātiyo pañcapi jātiyo dasapi jātiyo vīsampi jātiyo tiṃsampi jātiyo cattālīsampi jātiyo paññāsampi jātiyo jātisatampi jātisahassampi jātisatasahassampi, anekepi saṃvaṭṭakappe anekepi vivaṭṭakappe anekepi saṃvaṭṭavivaṭṭakappe – ‘amutrāsiṃ evaṃnāmo evaṃgotto evaṃvaṇṇo evamāhāro evaṃsukhadukkhappaṭisaṃvedī evamāyupariyanto , so tato cuto amutra udapādiṃ; tatrāpāsiṃ evaṃnāmo evaṃgotto evaṃvaṇṇo evamāhāro evaṃsukhadukkhappaṭisaṃvedī evamāyupariyanto, so tato cuto idhūpapanno’ti. Iti sākāraṃ sauddesaṃ anekavihitaṃ pubbenivāsaṃ anussarāmi. Kassapopi, bhikkhave, yāvadeva ākaṅkhati anekavihitaṃ pubbenivāsaṃ anussarati, seyyathidaṃ – ekampi jātiṃ…pe… iti sākāraṃ sauddesaṃ anekavihitaṃ pubbenivāsaṃ anussarati.
「诸比库,我只要希望,就忆念种种宿住,即:一生、二生、三生、四生、五生、十生、二十生、三十生、四十生、五十生、百生、千生、百千生,许多坏劫、许多成劫、许多坏成劫——『在那里,我是这样的名、这样的姓、这样的容貌、这样的食物、这样的苦乐感受、这样的寿量,从那里死后,在那里出生;在那里,我也是这样的名、这样的姓、这样的容貌、这样的食物、这样的苦乐感受、这样的寿量,从那里死后,在这里出生。』如此,我忆念有行相、有细节的种种宿住。诸比库,咖沙巴也只要希望,就忆念种种宿住,即:一生……如此,他忆念有行相、有细节的种种宿住。
‘‘Ahaṃ, bhikkhave, yāvadeva ākaṅkhāmi dibbena cakkhunā visuddhena atikkantamānusakena satte passāmi cavamāne upapajjamāne hīne paṇīte suvaṇṇe dubbaṇṇe, sugate duggate yathākammūpage satte pajānāmi – ‘ime vata, bhonto, sattā kāyaduccaritena samannāgatā vacīduccaritena samannāgatā manoduccaritena samannāgatā ariyānaṃ upavādakā micchādiṭṭhikā micchādiṭṭhikammasamādānā; te kāyassa bhedā paraṃ maraṇā apāyaṃ duggatiṃ vinipātaṃ nirayaṃ upapannā, ime vā pana, bhonto, sattā kāyasucaritena samannāgatā vacīsucaritena samannāgatā manosucaritena samannāgatā ariyānaṃ anupavādakā sammādiṭṭhikā sammādiṭṭhikammasamādānā; te kāyassa bhedā paraṃ maraṇā sugatiṃ saggaṃ lokaṃ upapannā’ti. Iti dibbena cakkhunā visuddhena atikkantamānusakena satte passāmi cavamāne upapajjamāne hīne paṇīte suvaṇṇe dubbaṇṇe, sugate duggate yathākammūpage satte pajānāmi. Kassapopi, bhikkhave, yāvadeva ākaṅkhati dibbena cakkhunā visuddhena atikkantamānusakena satte passati cavamāne…pe… yathākammūpage satte pajānāti.
「诸比库,我只要希望,就以清净、超越人的天眼,看见有情死时、生时,低劣、殊胜,美丽、丑陋,幸福、不幸,我了知随业而去的有情——『这些尊者有情,具足身恶行,具足语恶行,具足意恶行,诽谤圣者,邪见,受持邪见业;他们身坏命终后,生于苦界、恶趣、堕处、地狱。而这些尊者有情,具足身善行,具足语善行,具足意善行,不诽谤圣者,正见,受持正见业;他们身坏命终后,生于善趣、天界。』如此,我以清净、超越人的天眼,看见有情死时、生时,低劣、殊胜,美丽、丑陋,幸福、不幸,我了知随业而去的有情。诸比库,咖沙巴也只要希望,就以清净、超越人的天眼,看见有情死时……他了知随业而去的有情。
‘‘Ahaṃ, bhikkhave, āsavānaṃ khayā anāsavaṃ cetovimuttiṃ paññāvimuttiṃ diṭṭheva dhamme sayaṃ abhiññā sacchikatvā upasampajja viharāmi. Kassapopi, bhikkhave, āsavānaṃ khayā anāsavaṃ cetovimuttiṃ paññāvimuttiṃ diṭṭheva dhamme sayaṃ abhiññā sacchikatvā upasampajja viharatī’’ti. Navamaṃ.
「诸比库,我以诸漏尽故,于现法中,以自己的证智作证后,具足住于无漏的心解脱、慧解脱。诸比库,咖沙巴也以诸漏尽故,于现法中,以自己的证智作证后,具足住于无漏的心解脱、慧解脱。」第九经。
10. Upassayasuttaṃ10. 住所经
§153
Evaṃ me sutaṃ – ekaṃ samayaṃ āyasmā mahākassapo sāvatthiyaṃ viharati jetavane anāthapiṇḍikassa ārāme. Atha kho āyasmā ānando pubbaṇhasamayaṃ nivāsetvā pattacīvaramādāya yenāyasmā mahākassapo tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā āyasmantaṃ mahākassapaṃ etadavoca – ‘‘āyāma, bhante kassapa, yena aññataro bhikkhunupassayo tenupasaṅkamissāmā’’ti. ‘‘Gaccha tvaṃ, āvuso ānanda, bahukicco tvaṃ bahukaraṇīyo’’ti. Dutiyampi kho āyasmā ānando āyasmantaṃ mahākassapaṃ etadavoca – ‘‘āyāma, bhante kassapa, yena aññataro bhikkhunupassayo tenupasaṅkamissāmā’’ti. ‘‘Gaccha tvaṃ, āvuso ānanda, bahukicco tvaṃ bahukaraṇīyo’’ti. Tatiyampi kho āyasmā ānando āyasmantaṃ mahākassapaṃ etadavoca – ‘‘āyāma, bhante kassapa, yena aññataro bhikkhunupassayo tenupasaṅkamissāmā’’ti.
如是我闻——一时,具寿马哈咖沙巴住在沙瓦提城揭德林给孤独园。那时,具寿阿难陀在上午时分着衣、持钵衣,去到具寿马哈咖沙巴那里;到了之后,对具寿马哈咖沙巴这样说:「尊者咖沙巴,来吧,我们去某个比库尼住处。」「具寿阿难陀,你去吧,你多事务、多所作。」具寿阿难陀第二次对具寿马哈咖沙巴这样说:「尊者咖沙巴,来吧,我们去某个比库尼住处。」「具寿阿难陀,你去吧,你多事务、多所作。」具寿阿难陀第三次对具寿马哈咖沙巴这样说:「尊者咖沙巴,来吧,我们去某个比库尼住处。」
Atha kho āyasmā mahākassapo pubbaṇhasamayaṃ nivāsetvā pattacīvaramādāya āyasmatā ānandena pacchāsamaṇena yena aññataro bhikkhunupassayo tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā paññatte āsane nisīdi. Atha kho sambahulā bhikkhuniyo yenāyasmā mahākassapo tenupasaṅkamiṃsu; upasaṅkamitvā āyasmantaṃ mahākassapaṃ abhivādetvā ekamantaṃ nisīdiṃsu. Ekamantaṃ nisinnā kho tā bhikkhuniyo āyasmā mahākassapo dhammiyā kathāya sandassesi samādapesi samuttejesi sampahaṃsesi. Atha kho āyasmā mahākassapo tā bhikkhuniyo dhammiyā kathāya sandassetvā samādapetvā samuttejetvā sampahaṃsetvā uṭṭhāyāsanā pakkāmi.
那时,具寿马哈咖沙巴在上午时分着衣、持钵衣,以具寿阿难陀为后随沙玛内拉,去到某个比库尼住处;到了之后,坐在所设的座位上。那时,众多比库尼去到具寿马哈咖沙巴那里;到了之后,礼敬具寿马哈咖沙巴,在一旁坐下。具寿马哈咖沙巴以法语对坐在一旁的那些比库尼开示、劝导、鼓励、使之欢喜。那时,具寿马哈咖沙巴以法语对那些比库尼开示、劝导、鼓励、使之欢喜后,从座起立离去。
Atha kho thullatissā bhikkhunī anattamanā anattamanavācaṃ nicchāresi – ‘‘kiṃ pana ayyo mahākassapo, ayyassa ānandassa vedehamunino sammukhā dhammaṃ bhāsitabbaṃ maññati? Seyyathāpi nāma sūcivāṇijako sūcikārassa santike sūciṃ vikketabbaṃ maññeyya; evameva ayyo mahākassapo ayyassa ānandassa vedehamunino sammukhā dhammaṃ bhāsitabbaṃ maññatī’’ti.
那时,图拉提沙比库尼不满,说出不满之语:「尊者马哈咖沙巴怎么认为应该在尊者阿难陀韦德哈牟尼面前说法呢?这就好像针商认为应该在针匠面前卖针一样;同样地,尊者马哈咖沙巴认为应该在尊者阿难陀韦德哈牟尼面前说法。」
Assosi kho āyasmā mahākassapo thullatissāya bhikkhuniyā imaṃ vācaṃ bhāsamānāya. Atha kho āyasmā mahākassapo āyasmantaṃ ānandaṃ etadavoca – ‘‘kiṃ nu kho, āvuso ānanda, ahaṃ sūcivāṇijako, tvaṃ sūcikāro; udāhu ahaṃ sūcikāro, tvaṃ sūcivāṇijako’’ti? ‘‘Khama , bhante kassapa, bālo mātugāmo’’ti. ‘‘Āgamehi tvaṃ, āvuso ānanda, mā te saṅgho uttari upaparikkhi’’.
具寿大咖沙巴听到图喇提沙比库尼说这些话。于是,具寿大咖沙巴对具寿阿难陀说:「贤友阿难陀,究竟我是针商,你是制针者;还是我是制针者,你是针商?」「尊者咖沙巴,请忍耐,女人是愚痴的。」「贤友阿难陀,你要小心,莫让僧团对你作进一步的审查。」
‘‘Taṃ kiṃ maññasi, āvuso ānanda, api nu tvaṃ bhagavato sammukhā bhikkhusaṅghe upanīto – ‘ahaṃ, bhikkhave, yāvadeva ākaṅkhāmi vivicceva kāmehi vivicca akusalehi dhammehi savitakkaṃ savicāraṃ vivekajaṃ pītisukhaṃ paṭhamaṃ jhānaṃ upasampajja viharāmi. Ānandopi, bhikkhave, yāvadeva ākaṅkhati vivicceva kāmehi vivicca akusalehi dhammehi savitakkaṃ savicāraṃ vivekajaṃ pītisukhaṃ paṭhamaṃ jhānaṃ upasampajja viharatī’’’ti? ‘‘No hetaṃ, bhante’’.
「贤友阿难陀,你认为如何?你是否在世尊面前于比库僧团中被称赞:『诸比库,我随所欲,离诸欲,离诸不善法,有寻、有伺,离生喜乐,成就初禅而住。诸比库,阿难陀也随所欲,离诸欲,离诸不善法,有寻、有伺,离生喜乐,成就初禅而住』?」「尊者,确实没有。」
‘‘Ahaṃ kho, āvuso, bhagavato sammukhā bhikkhusaṅghe upanīto – ‘ahaṃ, bhikkhave, yāvadeva ākaṅkhāmi vivicceva kāmehi vivicca akusalehi dhammehi savitakkaṃ savicāraṃ vivekajaṃ pītisukhaṃ paṭhamaṃ jhānaṃ upasampajja viharāmi. Kassapopi, bhikkhave, yāvadeva ākaṅkhati vivicceva kāmehi vivicca akusalehi dhammehi…pe… paṭhamaṃ jhānaṃ upasampajja viharatī’ti…pe… . (Navannaṃ anupubbavihārasamāpattīnaṃ pañcannañca abhiññānaṃ evaṃ vitthāro veditabbo.)
「贤友,我在世尊面前于比库僧团中被称赞:『诸比库,我随所欲,离诸欲,离诸不善法,有寻、有伺,离生喜乐,成就初禅而住。诸比库,咖沙巴也随所欲,离诸欲,离诸不善法……乃至……成就初禅而住』……乃至……(应知九次第住定与五神通的详说。)
‘‘Taṃ kiṃ maññasi, āvuso ānanda, api nu tvaṃ bhagavato sammukhā bhikkhusaṅghe upanīto – ‘ahaṃ, bhikkhave, āsavānaṃ khayā anāsavaṃ cetovimuttiṃ paññāvimuttiṃ diṭṭheva dhamme sayaṃ abhiññā sacchikatvā upasampajja viharāmi. Ānandopi, bhikkhave, āsavānaṃ khayā anāsavaṃ cetovimuttiṃ paññāvimuttiṃ diṭṭheva dhamme sayaṃ abhiññā sacchikatvā upasampajja viharatī’’’ti? ‘‘No hetaṃ, bhante’’.
「贤友阿难陀,你认为如何?你是否在世尊面前于比库僧团中被称赞:『诸比库,我以诸漏尽,于现法自己以证智作证、成就无漏心解脱、慧解脱而住。诸比库,阿难陀也以诸漏尽,于现法自己以证智作证、成就无漏心解脱、慧解脱而住』?」「尊者,确实没有。」
‘‘Ahaṃ kho, āvuso, bhagavato sammukhā bhikkhusaṅghe upanīto – ‘ahaṃ, bhikkhave, āsavānaṃ khayā anāsavaṃ cetovimuttiṃ paññāvimuttiṃ diṭṭheva dhamme sayaṃ abhiññā sacchikatvā upasampajja viharāmi. Kassapopi, bhikkhave, āsavānaṃ khayā anāsavaṃ cetovimuttiṃ paññāvimuttiṃ diṭṭheva dhamme sayaṃ abhiññā sacchikatvā upasampajja viharatī’’’ti.
「贤友,我在世尊面前于比库僧团中被称赞:『诸比库,我以诸漏尽,于现法自己以证智作证、成就无漏心解脱、慧解脱而住。诸比库,咖沙巴也以诸漏尽,于现法自己以证智作证、成就无漏心解脱、慧解脱而住』。」
‘‘Sattaratanaṃ vā, āvuso, nāgaṃ aḍḍhaṭṭhamaratanaṃ vā tālapattikāya chādetabbaṃ maññeyya, yo me cha abhiññā chādetabbaṃ maññeyyā’’ti.
「贤友,若有人想用多罗叶遮盖七肘或七肘半的龙象,那么他就是想遮盖我的六神通。」
Cavittha ca pana thullatissā bhikkhunī brahmacariyamhāti. Dasamaṃ.
而图喇提沙比库尼也从梵行中退失了。第十经。
11. Cīvarasuttaṃ11. 衣经
§154
Ekaṃ samayaṃ āyasmā mahākassapo rājagahe viharati veḷuvane kalandakanivāpe. Tena kho pana samayena āyasmā ānando dakkhiṇagirismiṃ cārikaṃ carati mahatā bhikkhusaṅghena saddhiṃ.
一时,具寿大咖沙巴住在王舍城竹林咖喇陀咖尼瓦巴。尔时,具寿阿难陀与大比库僧团一起在南山游行。
Tena kho pana samayena āyasmato ānandassa tiṃsamattā saddhivihārino bhikkhū sikkhaṃ paccakkhāya hīnāyāvattā bhavanti yebhuyyena kumārabhūtā. Atha kho āyasmā ānando dakkhiṇagirismiṃ yathābhirantaṃ cārikaṃ caritvā yena rājagahaṃ veḷuvanaṃ kalandakanivāpo yenāyasmā mahākassapo tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā āyasmantaṃ mahākassapaṃ abhivādetvā ekamantaṃ nisīdi. Ekamantaṃ nisinnaṃ kho āyasmantaṃ ānandaṃ āyasmā mahākassapo etadavoca – ‘‘kati nu kho, āvuso ānanda, atthavase paṭicca bhagavatā kulesu tikabhojanaṃ paññatta’’nti?
尔时,具寿阿难陀的约三十位共住比库舍弃学而还俗,他们大多数是童子。那时,具寿阿难陀在南山随意游行后,前往王舍城竹林栗鼠饲养处,去到具寿马哈咖沙巴处;抵达后,礼敬具寿马哈咖沙巴,坐于一旁。具寿马哈咖沙巴对坐于一旁的具寿阿难陀这样说:「贤友阿难陀,世尊因为多少义利而制定诸家族的三次食呢?」
‘‘Tayo kho, bhante kassapa, atthavase paṭicca bhagavatā kulesu tikabhojanaṃ paññattaṃ – dummaṅkūnaṃ puggalānaṃ niggahāya pesalānaṃ bhikkhūnaṃ phāsuvihārāya, mā pāpicchā pakkhaṃ nissāya saṅghaṃ bhindeyyuṃ , kulānuddayatāya ca. Ime kho, bhante kassapa, tayo atthavase paṭicca bhagavatā kulesu tikabhojanaṃ paññatta’’nti.
「尊者咖沙巴,世尊因为三种义利而制定诸家族的三次食:为了折伏恶行者、为了善良比库们的安乐住、为了不让恶欲者依靠党派而分裂僧团、以及为了怜愍诸家族。尊者咖沙巴,世尊因为这三种义利而制定诸家族的三次食。」
‘‘Atha kiñcarahi tvaṃ, āvuso ānanda, imehi navehi bhikkhūhi indriyesu aguttadvārehi bhojane amattaññūhi jāgariyaṃ ananuyuttehi saddhiṃ cārikaṃ carasi? Sassaghātaṃ maññe carasi, kulūpaghātaṃ maññe carasi. Olujjati kho te, āvuso ānanda, parisā; palujjanti kho te, āvuso, navappāyā. Na vāyaṃ kumārako mattamaññāsī’’ti.
「那么,贤友阿难陀,你为何与这些诸根门不守护、于食不知量、不致力于警寤的新比库们一起游行呢?我认为你在作谷物的破坏,我认为你在作家族的破坏。贤友阿难陀,你的众已散坏;贤友,你的新弟子们已败坏。这童子不知节制。」
‘‘Api me, bhante kassapa, sirasmiṃ palitāni jātāni. Atha ca pana mayaṃ ajjāpi āyasmato mahākassapassa kumārakavādā na muccāmā’’ti. ‘‘Tathā hi pana tvaṃ, āvuso ānanda, imehi navehi bhikkhūhi indriyesu aguttadvārehi bhojane amattaññūhi jāgariyaṃ ananuyuttehi saddhiṃ cārikaṃ carasi, sassaghātaṃ maññe carasi, kulūpaghātaṃ maññe carasi. Olujjati kho te, āvuso ānanda, parisā; palujjanti kho te, āvuso, navappāyā. Na vāyaṃ kumārako mattamaññāsī’’ti.
「尊者咖沙巴,我头上已生白发了,然而我们至今仍不能免于具寿马哈咖沙巴的童子之说。」「贤友阿难陀,正因为你与这些诸根门不守护、于食不知量、不致力于警寤的新比库们一起游行,我认为你在作谷物的破坏,我认为你在作家族的破坏。贤友阿难陀,你的众已散坏;贤友,你的新弟子们已败坏。这童子不知节制。」
Assosi kho thullanandā bhikkhunī – ‘‘ayyena kira mahākassapena ayyo ānando vedehamuni kumārakavādena apasādito’’ti.
图喇难陀比库尼听说:「据说具寿马哈咖沙巴以童子之说贬斥了具寿阿难陀韦德哈牟尼。」
Atha kho thullanandā bhikkhunī anattamanā anattamanavācaṃ nicchāresi – ‘‘kiṃ pana ayyo mahākassapo aññatitthiyapubbo samāno ayyaṃ ānandaṃ vedehamuniṃ kumārakavādena apasādetabbaṃ maññatī’’ti! Assosi kho āyasmā mahākassapo thullanandāya bhikkhuniyā imaṃ vācaṃ bhāsamānāya.
那时,图喇难陀比库尼不满意,发出不满意之语:「具寿马哈咖沙巴曾是外道,怎么认为应该以童子之说贬斥具寿阿难陀韦德哈牟尼呢!」具寿马哈咖沙巴听到图喇难陀比库尼说这话。
Atha kho āyasmā mahākassapo āyasmantaṃ ānandaṃ etadavoca – ‘‘tagghāvuso ānanda, thullanandāya bhikkhuniyā sahasā appaṭisaṅkhā vācā bhāsitā. Yatvāhaṃ, āvuso, kesamassuṃ ohāretvā kāsāyāni vatthāni acchādetvā agārasmā anagāriyaṃ pabbajito, nābhijānāmi aññaṃ satthāraṃ uddisitā , aññatra tena bhagavatā arahatā sammāsambuddhena. Pubbe me, āvuso, agārikabhūtassa sato etadahosi – ‘sambādho gharāvāso rajāpatho , abbhokāso pabbajjā. Nayidaṃ sukaraṃ agāraṃ ajjhāvasatā ekantaparipuṇṇaṃ ekantaparisuddhaṃ saṅkhalikhitaṃ brahmacariyaṃ carituṃ. Yaṃnūnāhaṃ kesamassuṃ ohāretvā kāsāyāni vatthāni acchādetvā agārasmā anagāriyaṃ pabbajeyya’nti. So khvāhaṃ, āvuso, aparena samayena paṭapilotikānaṃ saṅghāṭiṃ kāretvā ye loke arahanto te uddissa kesamassuṃ ohāretvā kāsāyāni vatthāni acchādetvā agārasmā anagāriyaṃ pabbajiṃ.
那时,具寿马哈咖沙巴对具寿阿难陀这样说:「贤友阿难陀,图喇难陀比库尼确实说了仓促、未经思考的话。贤友,自从我剃除须发、披上袈裟衣、从在家出家成为非家后,我不忆念指定其他导师,除了那位世尊、阿拉汉、正等正觉者。贤友,以前我还是在家人时,我这样想:『居家是障碍,是尘垢之路;出家是空旷处。住在家中不容易行完全圆满、完全清净、如磨光的螺贝的梵行。我何不剃除须发、披上袈裟衣、从在家出家成为非家呢?』贤友,后来我制作了破布的大衣,指定世间的诸阿拉汉,剃除须发、披上袈裟衣、从在家出家成为非家。
So evaṃ pabbajito samāno addhānamaggappaṭipanno addasaṃ bhagavantaṃ antarā ca rājagahaṃ antarā ca nāḷandaṃ bahuputte cetiye nisinnaṃ. Disvāna me etadahosi – ‘satthārañca vatāhaṃ passeyyaṃ, bhagavantameva passeyyaṃ; sugatañca vatāhaṃ passeyyaṃ, bhagavantameva passeyyaṃ; sammāsambuddhañca vatāhaṃ passeyyaṃ; bhagavantameva passeyya’nti. So khvāhaṃ, āvuso, tattheva bhagavato pādesu sirasā nipatitvā bhagavantaṃ etadavocaṃ – ‘satthā me, bhante, bhagavā, sāvakohamasmi; satthā me, bhante, bhagavā, sāvakohamasmī’ti . Evaṃ vutte maṃ, āvuso, bhagavā etadavoca – ‘yo kho, kassapa, evaṃ sabbacetasā samannāgataṃ sāvakaṃ ajānaññeva vadeyya jānāmīti, apassaññeva vadeyya passāmīti, muddhāpi tassa vipateyya. Ahaṃ kho pana, kassapa, jānaññeva vadāmi jānāmīti, passaññeva vadāmi passāmī’ti.
我这样出家后,在道路上行走时,看见世尊坐在王舍城与那喇陀之间的多子塔。看见后,我这样想:『我若能见导师,我将见世尊;我若能见善逝,我将见世尊;我若能见正等正觉者,我将见世尊。』贤友,我就在那里以头礼敬世尊足,对世尊这样说:『尊者,世尊是我的导师,我是弟子;尊者,世尊是我的导师,我是弟子。』贤友,我这样说时,世尊对我这样说:『咖沙巴,若对这样具足一切心的弟子,不知而说我知、不见而说我见,他的头将会破裂。咖沙巴,然而我知而说我知、见而说我见。』」
Tasmātiha te, kassapa, evaṃ sikkhitabbaṃ – ‘tibbaṃ me hirottappaṃ paccupaṭṭhitaṃ bhavissati theresu navesu majjhimesū’ti. Evañhi te, kassapa, sikkhitabbaṃ.
咖沙巴,因此,在此你应当这样学习——『我对长老、新学、中等者将现起强烈的惭愧』。咖沙巴,你确实应当这样学习。
Tasmātiha te, kassapa, evaṃ sikkhitabbaṃ – ‘yaṃ kiñci dhammaṃ suṇissāmi kusalūpasaṃhitaṃ sabbaṃ taṃ aṭṭhiṃ katvā manasi karitvā sabbacetasā samannāharitvā ohitasoto dhammaṃ suṇissāmī’ti. Evañhi te, kassapa, sikkhitabbaṃ.
咖沙巴,因此,在此你应当这样学习——『凡我将听闻任何与善相应的法,我将作意、如理作意、以全心专注、倾耳而听法』。咖沙巴,你确实应当这样学习。
Tasmātiha te, kassapa, evaṃ sikkhitabbaṃ – ‘sātasahagatā ca me kāyagatāsati na vijahissatī’ti. Evañhi te, kassapa, sikkhitabbanti.
咖沙巴,因此,在此你应当这样学习——『我的伴随喜悦的身至念将不舍离』。咖沙巴,你确实应当这样学习。
‘‘Atha kho maṃ, āvuso, bhagavā iminā ovādena ovaditvā uṭṭhāyāsanā pakkāmi. Sattāhameva khvāhaṃ, āvuso, saraṇo raṭṭhapiṇḍaṃ bhuñjiṃ’’. Aṭṭhamiyā aññā udapādi.
「诸友,世尊以此教诫教诫我之后,从座起立而离去。诸友,我仅仅七天食用有主之食。」第八天生起了智。
‘‘Atha kho, āvuso, bhagavā maggā okkamma yena aññataraṃ rukkhamūlaṃ tenupasaṅkami. Atha khvāhaṃ, āvuso, paṭapilotikānaṃ saṅghāṭiṃ catugguṇaṃ paññapetvā bhagavantaṃ etadavocaṃ – ‘idha, bhante, bhagavā nisīdatu, yaṃ mamassa dīgharattaṃ hitāya sukhāyā’ti. Nisīdi kho, āvuso, bhagavā paññatte āsane. Nisajja kho maṃ, āvuso, bhagavā etadavoca – ‘mudukā kho tyāyaṃ, kassapa, paṭapilotikānaṃ saṅghāṭī’ti. ‘Paṭiggaṇhātu me, bhante, bhagavā paṭapilotikānaṃ saṅghāṭiṃ anukampaṃ upādāyā’ti. ‘Dhāressasi pana me tvaṃ, kassapa, sāṇāni paṃsukūlāni nibbasanānī’ti. ‘Dhāressāmahaṃ, bhante, bhagavato sāṇāni paṃsukūlāni nibbasanānī’ti. ‘‘So khvāhaṃ, āvuso, paṭapilotikānaṃ saṅghāṭiṃ bhagavato pādāsiṃ. Ahaṃ pana bhagavato sāṇāni paṃsukūlāni nibbasanāni paṭipajjiṃ’’.
「诸友,世尊从道路下来,前往某棵树下。诸友,我将尘堆衣折成四层铺设后,对世尊这样说——『世尊,请世尊坐于此处,这将长久利益我、安乐我』。诸友,世尊坐于所设之座。诸友,世尊坐下后对我这样说——『咖沙巴,这尘堆衣确实柔软』。『世尊,请世尊出于怜愍而接受我的尘堆衣』。『那么,咖沙巴,你将持我的麻布尘堆衣、陈旧衣吗?』『世尊,我将持世尊的麻布尘堆衣、陈旧衣』。」「诸友,我将尘堆衣献给世尊。而我则受持世尊的麻布尘堆衣、陈旧衣。」
‘‘Yañhi taṃ, āvuso, sammā vadamāno vadeyya – ‘bhagavato putto oraso mukhato jāto dhammajo dhammanimmito dhammadāyādo, paṭiggahitāni sāṇāni paṃsukūlāni nibbasanānī’ti, mamaṃ taṃ sammā vadamāno vadeyya – ‘bhagavato putto oraso mukhato jāto dhammajo dhammanimmito dhammadāyādo, paṭiggahitāni sāṇāni paṃsukūlāni nibbasanānī’’’ti.
「诸友,若有人正确地说——『世尊之子、亲生子、从口生、从法生、法所造、法的继承者,已受持麻布尘堆衣、陈旧衣』,正确地说的话,应当说我——『世尊之子、亲生子、从口生、从法生、法所造、法的继承者,已受持麻布尘堆衣、陈旧衣』。」
‘‘Ahaṃ kho, āvuso, yāvadeva ākaṅkhāmi vivicceva kāmehi vivicca akusalehi dhammehi savitakkaṃ savicāraṃ vivekajaṃ pītisukhaṃ paṭhamaṃ jhānaṃ upasampajja viharāmi. Ahaṃ kho, āvuso, yāvade ākaṅkhāmi…pe… (navannaṃ anupubbavihārasamāpattinaṃ pañcannañca abhiññānaṃ evaṃ vitthāro veditabbo) .
「诸友,我随所欲,离诸欲,离诸不善法,有寻、有伺,离生喜乐,成就初禅而住。诸友,我随所欲……(应知九次第住定与五神通的详说)。」
‘‘Ahaṃ kho, āvuso, āsavānaṃ khayā anāsavaṃ cetovimuttiṃ paññāvimuttiṃ diṭṭheva dhamme sayaṃ abhiññā sacchikatvā upasampajja viharāmi; sattaratanaṃ vā, āvuso, nāgaṃ aḍḍhaṭṭhamaratanaṃ vā tālapattikāya chādetabbaṃ maññeyya, yo me cha abhiññā chādetabbaṃ maññeyyā’’ti.
「诸友,我以诸漏尽故,于现法自己以证智作证、成就无漏心解脱、慧解脱而住;诸友,若有人认为应以多罗叶遮盖七宝或七宝半的龙象,同样,若有人认为应遮盖我的六神通。」
Cavittha ca pana thullanandā bhikkhunī brahmacariyamhāti. Ekādasamaṃ.
而吐喇难陀比库尼已从梵行退失。第十一经。
12. Paraṃmaraṇasuttaṃ12. 他人死经
§155
Ekaṃ samayaṃ āyasmā ca mahākassapo āyasmā ca sāriputto bārāṇasiyaṃ viharanti isipatane migadāye. Atha kho āyasmā sāriputto sāyanhasamayaṃ paṭisallānā vuṭṭhito yenāyasmā mahākassapo tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā āyasmatā mahākassapena saddhiṃ sammodi. Sammodanīyaṃ kathaṃ sāraṇīyaṃ vītisāretvā ekamantaṃ nisīdi. Ekamantaṃ nisinno kho āyasmā sāriputto āyasmantaṃ mahākassapaṃ etadavoca – ‘‘kiṃ nu kho, āvuso kassapa, hoti tathāgato paraṃ maraṇā’’ti? ‘‘Abyākataṃ kho etaṃ, āvuso, bhagavatā – ‘hoti tathāgato paraṃ maraṇā’’’ti. ‘‘Kiṃ panāvuso, na hoti tathāgato paraṃ maraṇā’’ti? ‘‘Evampi kho, āvuso, abyākataṃ bhagavatā – ‘na hoti tathāgato paraṃ maraṇā’’’ti. ‘‘Kiṃ nu kho, āvuso, hoti ca na ca hoti tathāgato paraṃ maraṇā’’ti? ‘‘Abyākataṃ kho etaṃ, āvuso, bhagavatā – ‘hoti ca na ca hoti tathāgato paraṃ maraṇā’’’ti. ‘‘Kiṃ panāvuso, neva hoti, na na hoti tathāgato paraṃ maraṇā’’ti? ‘‘Evampi kho, āvuso, abyākataṃ bhagavatā – ‘neva hoti na na hoti tathāgato paraṃ maraṇā’’’ti. ‘‘Kasmā cetaṃ, āvuso , abyākataṃ bhagavatā’’ti? ‘‘Na hetaṃ, āvuso, atthasaṃhitaṃ nādibrahmacariyakaṃ na nibbidāya na virāgāya na nirodhāya na upasamāya na abhiññāya na sambodhāya na nibbānāya saṃvattati. Tasmā taṃ abyākataṃ bhagavatā’’ti.
一时,具寿马哈咖沙巴与具寿沙利子住在巴拉纳西的仙人堕处鹿野苑。尔时,具寿沙利子于傍晚时从独坐中起,前往具寿马哈咖沙巴处;抵达后,与具寿马哈咖沙巴互相问候。交换了友好、值得忆念的谈话后,在一旁坐下。在一旁坐下的具寿沙利子对具寿马哈咖沙巴如此说:「贤友咖沙巴,如来死后存在吗?」「贤友,世尊对此未予记说:『如来死后存在。』」「那么,贤友,如来死后不存在吗?」「贤友,世尊对此也未予记说:『如来死后不存在。』」「那么,贤友,如来死后既存在又不存在吗?」「贤友,世尊对此未予记说:『如来死后既存在又不存在。』」「那么,贤友,如来死后既非存在又非不存在吗?」「贤友,世尊对此也未予记说:『如来死后既非存在又非不存在。』」「贤友,为何世尊对此未予记说?」「贤友,因为这不与义相应,不是梵行之初,不导向厌离、离欲、灭、寂止、证智、正觉、涅槃。因此,世尊对此未予记说。」
‘‘Atha kiñcarahāvuso, byākataṃ bhagavatā’’ti? ‘‘Idaṃ ‘dukkha’nti kho , āvuso, byākataṃ bhagavatā; ayaṃ ‘dukkhasamudayo’ti byākataṃ bhagavatā; ayaṃ ‘dukkhanirodho’ti byākataṃ bhagavatā; ayaṃ ‘dukkhanirodhagāminī paṭipadā’ti byākataṃ bhagavatā’’ti. ‘‘Kasmā cetaṃ, āvuso, byākataṃ bhagavatā’’ti? ‘‘Etañhi, āvuso, atthasaṃhitaṃ etaṃ ādibrahmacariyakaṃ etaṃ nibbidāya virāgāya nirodhāya upasamāya abhiññāya sambodhāya nibbānāya saṃvattati. Tasmā taṃ byākataṃ bhagavatā’’ti. Dvādasamaṃ.
「那么,贤友,世尊记说了什么?」「贤友,世尊记说了『此是苦』;世尊记说了『此是苦集』;世尊记说了『此是苦灭』;世尊记说了『此是导向苦灭之道』。」「贤友,为何世尊记说了这些?」「贤友,因为这与义相应,这是梵行之初,这导向厌离、离欲、灭、寂止、证智、正觉、涅槃。因此,世尊记说了这些。」第十二经。
13. Saddhammappatirūpakasuttaṃ13. 正法相似经
§156
Evaṃ me sutaṃ – ekaṃ samayaṃ bhagavā sāvatthiyaṃ viharati jetavane anāthapiṇḍikassa ārāme. Atha kho āyasmā mahākassapo yena bhagavā tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā bhagavantaṃ abhivādetvā ekamantaṃ nisīdi. Ekamantaṃ nisinno kho āyasmā mahākassapo bhagavantaṃ etadavoca – ‘‘ko nu kho, bhante, hetu ko paccayo, yena pubbe appatarāni ceva sikkhāpadāni ahesuṃ bahutarā ca bhikkhū aññāya saṇṭhahiṃsu? Ko pana, bhante, hetu ko paccayo, yenetarahi bahutarāni ceva sikkhāpadāni appatarā ca bhikkhū aññāya saṇṭhahantī’’ti? ‘‘Evañcetaṃ, kassapa, hoti sattesu hāyamānesu saddhamme antaradhāyamāne, bahutarāni ceva sikkhāpadāni honti appatarā ca bhikkhū aññāya saṇṭhahanti. Na tāva, kassapa, saddhammassa antaradhānaṃ hoti yāva na saddhammappatirūpakaṃ loke uppajjati. Yato ca kho, kassapa, saddhammappatirūpakaṃ loke uppajjati, atha saddhammassa antaradhānaṃ hoti’’.
如是我闻:一时,世尊住在沙瓦提城揭德林给孤独园。尔时,具寿马哈咖沙巴前往世尊处;抵达后,礼敬世尊,在一旁坐下。在一旁坐下的具寿马哈咖沙巴对世尊如此说:「尊者,是什么因、什么缘,使得以前学处较少而证得阿拉汉的比库较多?尊者,又是什么因、什么缘,使得现在学处较多而证得阿拉汉的比库较少?」「咖沙巴,确实如此,当众生衰退、正法隐没时,学处变多而证得阿拉汉的比库变少。咖沙巴,只要相似正法未在世间生起,正法就不会隐没。咖沙巴,当相似正法在世间生起时,正法才会隐没。」
‘‘Seyyathāpi, kassapa, na tāva jātarūpassa antaradhānaṃ hoti yāva na jātarūpappatirūpakaṃ loke uppajjati. Yato ca kho, kassapa, jātarūpappatirūpakaṃ loke uppajjati, atha jātarūpassa antaradhānaṃ hoti. Evameva kho, kassapa, na tāva saddhammassa antaradhānaṃ hoti yāva na saddhammappatirūpakaṃ loke uppajjati. Yato ca kho, kassapa, saddhammappatirūpakaṃ loke uppajjati, atha saddhammassa antaradhānaṃ hoti.
「咖沙巴,譬如只要相似黄金未在世间生起,黄金就不会隐没。咖沙巴,当相似黄金在世间生起时,黄金才会隐没。同样地,咖沙巴,只要相似正法未在世间生起,正法就不会隐没。咖沙巴,当相似正法在世间生起时,正法才会隐没。」
‘‘Na kho, kassapa, pathavīdhātu saddhammaṃ antaradhāpeti, na āpodhātu saddhammaṃ antaradhāpeti, na tejodhātu saddhammaṃ antaradhāpeti, na vāyodhātu saddhammaṃ antaradhāpeti; atha kho idheva te uppajjanti moghapurisā ye imaṃ saddhammaṃ antaradhāpenti. Seyyathāpi, kassapa, nāvā ādikeneva opilavati; na kho, kassapa, evaṃ saddhammassa antaradhānaṃ hoti.
「咖沙巴,地界不会使正法隐没,水界不会使正法隐没,火界不会使正法隐没,风界不会使正法隐没;而是在此处生起的愚痴之人使正法隐没。咖沙巴,譬如船从船头开始沉没;咖沙巴,正法的隐没不是这样。」
‘‘Pañca khome, kassapa, okkamaniyā dhammā saddhammassa sammosāya antaradhānāya saṃvattanti. Katame pañca? Idha, kassapa, bhikkhū bhikkhuniyo upāsakā upāsikāyo satthari agāravā viharanti appatissā, dhamme agāravā viharanti appatissā, saṅghe agāravā viharanti appatissā, sikkhāya agāravā viharanti appatissā, samādhismiṃ agāravā viharanti appatissā – ime kho, kassapa, pañca okkamaniyā dhammā saddhammassa sammosāya antaradhānāya saṃvattanti.
「咖沙巴,有这五种衰退法导向正法的混乱与隐没。哪五种?咖沙巴,在此,比库、比库尼、近事男、近事女对导师住于无恭敬、无尊重,对法住于无恭敬、无尊重,对僧团住于无恭敬、无尊重,对学处住于无恭敬、无尊重,对定住于无恭敬、无尊重。咖沙巴,这五种衰退法导向正法的混乱与隐没。」
‘‘Pañca khome, kassapa, dhammā saddhammassa ṭhitiyā asammosāya anantaradhānāya saṃvattanti. Katame pañca? Idha, kassapa, bhikkhū bhikkhuniyo upāsakā upāsikāyo satthari sagāravā viharanti sappatissā, dhamme sagāravā viharanti sappatissā, saṅghe sagāravā viharanti sappatissā, sikkhāya sagāravā viharanti sappatissā, samādhismiṃ sagāravā viharanti sappatissā – ime kho, kassapa, pañca dhammā saddhammassa ṭhitiyā asammosāya anantaradhānāya saṃvattantī’’ti. Terasamaṃ.
「咖沙巴,有这五种法导向正法的住立、不混乱、不隐没。哪五种?咖沙巴,在此,比库、比库尼、近事男、近事女对导师住于有恭敬、有尊重,对法住于有恭敬、有尊重,对僧团住于有恭敬、有尊重,对学处住于有恭敬、有尊重,对定住于有恭敬、有尊重。咖沙巴,这五种法导向正法的住立、不混乱、不隐没。」第十三经。
Kassapasaṃyuttaṃ samattaṃ. · 咖萨巴相应完
Tassuddānaṃ –
其摄颂——
Santuṭṭhañca anottappī, candūpamaṃ kulūpakaṃ;
知足与不怖畏,月喻与家族之子;
Jiṇṇaṃ tayo ca ovādā, jhānābhiññā upassayaṃ;
老与三教诫,禅那、神通与住所;
Cīvaraṃ paraṃmaraṇaṃ, saddhammappatirūpakanti.
衣与他人之死,正法与相似法。