6. Lābhasakkārasaṃyuttaṃ · 6. 利养恭敬相应义注
6. Lābhasakkārasaṃyuttaṃ6. 利养恭敬相应
1. Paṭhamavaggo
1. 第一品
1. Dāruṇasuttavaṇṇanā1. 可怖经解释
§157
157. Lābhasakkārasaṃyuttassa paṭhame dāruṇoti thaddho. Lābhasakkārasilokoti ettha lābho nāma catupaccayalābho. Sakkāroti tesaṃyeva sukatānaṃ susaṅkhatānaṃ lābho. Silokoti vaṇṇaghoso. Kaṭukoti tikhiṇo. Pharusoti kharo. Antarāyikoti antarāyakaro. Paṭhamaṃ.
第157经。关于利益尊敬相应部的初品,称『残酷』意谓严厉。利益尊敬是由四种条件构成的利益。尊敬即是吉祥众生所获的美好且条理井然的利益。义理上,尊敬如同美妙的色声。残酷是锐利的,艰涩是粗糙的,障碍意为制造阻碍。此为初品。
2. Baḷisasuttavaṇṇanā2. 鱼钩经解释
§158
158. Dutiye bāḷisikoti baḷisaṃ gahetvā caramāno macchaghātako. Āmisagatanti āmisamakkhitaṃ. Āmisacakkhūti āmise cakkhu dassanaṃ assāti āmisacakkhu. Gilabaḷisoti gilitabaḷiso. Anayaṃ āpannoti dukkhaṃ patto. Byasanaṃ āpannoti vināsaṃ patto. Yathākāmakaraṇīyoti yathākāmena yathāruciyā yatheva naṃ bāḷisiko icchati, tathevassa kattabboti attho. Yathākāmakaraṇīyo pāpimatoti yathā kilesamārassa kāmo, evaṃ kattabbo, nirayaṃ vā tiracchānayoniṃ vā pettivisayaṃ vā pāpetabbo. Dutiyaṃ.
第158经。第二品称『愚痴』,意指像愚笨人行走时伤害鱼类。恶见者,恶意窥视。恶见眼,意指用恶眼观察。浑浊愚者,是被痛苦困扰者。所致者为苦,也即堕入恶趣的果报。泛论可随喜可不随喜,意即愚者应随其意愿行事。若所为是恶习,亦即如污秽的欲望,应当如是造业,应当堕入地狱、畜生、饿鬼等恶道受苦。此为第二品。
3-4. Kummasuttādivaṇṇanā3-4. 龟经等解释
§159-160
159-160. Tatiye mahākummakulanti mahantaṃ aṭṭhikacchapakulaṃ. Agamāsīti ‘‘ettha addhā kiñci khāditabbaṃ atthi, taṃ maccharāyanto maṃ esa nivāretī’’ti saññāya agamāsi. Papatāyāti papatā vuccati dīgharajjukabaddho ayakantakosake daṇḍakaṃ pavesetvā gahito kaṇṇikasallasaṇṭhāno, ayakaṇṭako, yasmiṃ vegena patitvā kaṭāhe laggamatte daṇḍako nikkhamati, rajjuko ekābaddho gacchateva. So kummoti so viddhakummo. Yena so kummoti udakasaddaṃ sutvā sāsaṅkaṭṭhānaṃ bhavissatīti nivattitvā yena so atthakāmo kummo. Na dāni tvaṃ amhākanti idāni tvaṃ amittahatthaṃ gato, na amhākaṃ santakoti attho. Evaṃ sallapantānaṃyeva ca nesaṃ nāvāya ṭhito luddo rajjukaṃ ākaḍḍhitvā kummaṃ gahetvā yathākāmaṃ akāsi. Sesamettha ito anantarasutte ca uttānameva. Tatiyacatutthāni.
第159-160经。第三品称『大鱼网』,意指巨大的骨质龟壳盖。所谓无法行动者,谓心念有障碍,故被虫扰乱而不能去除,遂远离。所谓跌落,即长绳缚身,入于竹林荆刺之地,被刺扎中,苦痛挣扎,好像捆绑矛杆绳索的长绳突然断开。此谓坎坷。闻水声者,意识惧怕,生起忧惧;曾思维此人必将遭难,故退转。所谓不属于我,非友人,而是敌手之意。正如损坏船只的篙把,从船尾抽至船头,同样取大网,随意而行。此品乃叙述随后经文。第三及第四经。
5. Mīḷhakasuttavaṇṇanā5. 粪虫经解释
§161
161. Pañcame mīḷhakāti gūthapāṇakā. Gūthādīti gūthabhakkhā. Gūthapūrāti anto gūthena bharitā. Puṇṇā gūthassāti idaṃ purimasseva atthadīpanaṃ. Atimaññeyyāti pacchimapāde bhūmiyaṃ ṭhapetvā purimapāde gūthassa upari āropetvā ṭhitā ‘‘ahamhi gūthādī’’ti bhaṇantī atimaññeyya. Piṇḍapāto cassa pūroti aparopissa pattapūro paṇītapiṇḍapāto bhaveyya. Pañcamaṃ.
第161经。第五品称『鱼钩手』。鱼钩者,指持有鱼钩者。『鱼钩者』意即手执鱼钩捕鱼者。鱼钩口,是指鱼钩尖端装有鱼钩物。鱼钩充满,意指前段已有提示。『过度显露』者,是指将钩尾抵于地上,钩前端悬空,显露为钩。此乃形象说法。简而言之,也就是持钩人。此为第五品。
6. Asanisuttavaṇṇanā6. 雷电经解释
§162
162. Chaṭṭhe kaṃ, bhikkhave, asanivicakkanti, bhikkhave, kaṃ puggalaṃ matthake patitvā maddamānaṃ sukkāsanicakkaṃ āgacchatu . Appattamānasanti anadhigatārahattaṃ. Iti bhagavā na sattānaṃ dukkhakāmatāya, ādīnavaṃ pana dassetuṃ evamāha. Asanicakkañhi matthake patitaṃ ekameva attabhāvaṃ nāseti, lābhasakkārasilokena pariyādiṇṇacitto nirayādīsu anantadukkhaṃ anubhoti. Chaṭṭhaṃ.
第162经。第六品。比库们,所谓椅面针,即有个人跌坐椅背,缓缓坐下,呈现柔软坐姿。所谓未证得,指尚未得阿拉汉果。如此,世尊非为众生生苦而说,而是为显示烦恼之起故而说。椅背处单独坐着者,无疑即是己身,自性不灭,念利益尊敬等相续断绝,故生于地狱等处,受无量苦痛。此为第六品。
7. Diddhasuttavaṇṇanā7. 《迪达经》注释
§163
163. Sattame diddhagatenāti gatadiddhena. Visallenāti visamakkhitena. Sallenāti sattiyā. Sattamaṃ.
第163条。七者者,谓以往已往者。『已往』者,即过去已成之意。『破裂』者,是指断裂分解。『破裂』者,以实数计数。是第七。
8. Siṅgālasuttavaṇṇanā8. 《辛嘎喇经》注释
§164
164. Aṭṭhame siṅgāloti jarasiṅgālo. Yathā hi suvaṇṇavaṇṇopi kāyo pūtikāyo tveva, taṃkhaṇaṃ gaḷitampi ca muttaṃ pūtimuttantveva vuccati, evaṃ tadahujātopi siṅgālo jarasiṅgālotveva vuccati. Ukkaṇṭakena nāmāti evaṃnāmakena rogena. So kira sītakāle uppajjati. Tasmiṃ uppanne sakalasarīrato lomāni patanti, sakalasarīraṃ nillomaṃ hutvā, samantato phuṭati, vātabbhāhatā vaṇā rujjanti. Yathā ummattakasunakhena daṭṭho puriso anavaṭṭhitova bhamati, evaṃ tasmiṃ uppanne bhamitabbo hoti, asukaṭṭhāne sotthi bhavissatīti na paññāyati. Aṭṭhamaṃ.
第164条。八者,称为『猩猩』,即老猩猩。如同金色之体终将腐坏,腐坏时皮肤脱落,其状称为『腐脱』,如是同样,此时苍鹰之类的老猩猩,亦谓之老猩猩。『烦躁』者,以该名疾病名之。此病确于寒冷时节生起。该病发作时,全身毛发脱落,身躯皮肤变为竖立状态,自四方裂开,风吹时生疼痛。如同疯疯癫癫的癞蛤蟆,来回乱跳般,虽有疫病,却不能辨识救护之法。是第八。
9. Verambhasuttavaṇṇanā9. 《韦兰巴经》注释
§165
165. Navame verambhavātāti evaṃnāmakā mahāvātā. Kīdise pana ṭhāne te vātā vāyantīti? Yattha ṭhitassa cattāro dīpā uppalinipattamattā hutvā paññāyanti. Yo pakkhī gacchatīti navavuṭṭhe deve viravanto vātasakuṇo tattha gacchati, taṃ sandhāyetaṃ vuttaṃ. Arakkhiteneva kāyenātiādīsu hatthapāde kīḷāpento khandhaṭṭhiṃ vā nāmento kāyaṃ na rakkhati nāma, nānāvidhaṃ duṭṭhullakathaṃ kathento vācaṃ na rakkhati nāma, kāmavitakkādayo vitakkento cittaṃ na rakkhati nāma. Anupaṭṭhitāya satiyāti kāyagatāsatiṃ anupaṭṭhapetvā. Navamaṃ.
第165条。九者,称作『暴风』,即称为大风。某些地方是风吹之地。有四个灯塔作为标志。飞鸟经过时,此风猛烈吹动,神众护持之处即是此风所在,据此而说。『不守护身体』者,是指未能保护手足行为及身体重量,或不正使用名字称呼;亦是不守护身口意,口出恶语,心生妄念恶念。『无念相随』者,是指不保持身念,即不维持身行之正念。是第九。
10. Sagāthakasuttavaṇṇanā10. 《有偈经》注释
§166
166. Dasame asakkārena cūbhayanti asakkārena ca ubhayena. Samādhīti arahattaphalasamādhi. So hi tena na vikampati. Appamāṇavihārinoti appamāṇena phalasamādhinā viharantassa. Sātatikanti satatakāriṃ. Sukhumaṃdiṭṭhivipassakanti arahattamaggadiṭṭhiyā sukhumadiṭṭhiphalasamāpattiatthāya vipassanaṃ paṭṭhapetvā āgatattā vipassakaṃ. Upādānakkhayārāmanti upādānakkhayasaṅkhāte nibbāne rataṃ. Āhu sappuriso itīti sappurisoti kathentīti. Dasamaṃ.
第166条。十者,称作『不屈』,即二义:一是不屈服,二是两者皆不屈服。『定』者,是阿拉汉果位之定。因为此定而不动摇。『无量行者』者,是以无量之定而修习者。『百次者』,即一百次修行者也。『细微正见观』,谓以阿拉汉道正见成就细微正见之果,而于修习内观时具足观照。『断取欲果之所依』者,是以断尽取欲而入涅槃为依止。谓之喜于断欲涅槃。善人如是称谓。是第十。
Paṭhamo vaggo. · 第一品。
2. Dutiyavaggo
第二。 第二品
1-2. Suvaṇṇapātisuttādivaṇṇanā1-2. 《金钵经》等注释
§167-168
167-168. Dutiyavaggassa paṭhame sampajānamusā bhāsantanti appamattakenapi kāraṇena sampajānameva musā bhāsantaṃ. ‘‘Sīlaṃ pūressāmī’’ti saṃvihitabhikkhuṃ sinerumattopi paccayarāsi cāletuṃ na sakkoti. Yadā pana sīlaṃ pahāya sakkāranissito hoti, tadā kuṇḍakamuṭṭhihetupi musā bhāsati, aññaṃ vā akiccaṃ karoti. Dutiyaṃ uttānamevāti. Paṭhamadutiyāni.
第167-168条。第二品首,谓有时念失真言语之人,虽稍有因缘,亦极少量错漏言语。所谓『持戒具足者』,即修持清净者,实难挑拨至死未止。然若舍戒,变为被贪瞋等所左右,则起损害起讼之行为,或言谎语或作他恶事。谓首与次条。首二条也是如此。
3-10. Suvaṇṇanikkhasuttādivaṇṇanā三至十、《金锭经》等的注释
§169
169. Tatiyādīsu suvaṇṇanikkhassāti ekassa kañcananikkhassa. Siṅgīnikkhassāti siṅgīsuvaṇṇanikkhassa. Pathaviyāti cakkavāḷabbhantarāya mahāpathaviyā. Āmisakiñcikkhahetūti kassacideva āmisassa hetu antamaso kuṇḍakamuṭṭhinopi. Jīvitahetūti aṭaviyaṃ corehi gahetvā jīvite voropiyamāne tassapi hetu. Janapadakalyāṇiyāti janapade uttamitthiyā. Tatiyādīni.
169. 关于第三类金银财物,『第三类』指单一的金器财产。『狮子类财产』指的是狮子形状的金银财物。『土』指天地之间广大之处。『布施物之缘起』谓有某种布施物的缘因,乃至最后也包括小峡谷和池塘。『生命因缘』指林中盗贼掠取时,若被害命,其亦为因。『国土吉祥』意指国土因有正友而兴盛。此即『第三类』之义。
Dutiyo vaggo. · 第二品。
3. Tatiyavaggo
3. 第三章
1-2. Mātugāmasuttādivaṇṇanā一至二、《女人经》等的注释
§170-171
170-171. Tatiyavaggassa paṭhame na tassa, bhikkhave, mātugāmoti na tassa raho ekakassa nisinnassa tena dhammena atthikopi mātugāmo cittaṃ pariyādātuṃ sakkoti, yassa lābhasakkārasiloko cittaṃ pariyādātuṃ sakkotīti, attho. Dutiyaṃ uttānamevāti. Paṭhamadutiyāni.
170-171. 关于第三章开篇,尊者们,此处并无『母乡』一词之隐义,亦无独坐一人之密意。此处文义是,任何能令心智知晓母乡的言行,均含此义。第二义则仅是其名称不同,即第一与第二义的区分。
3-6. Ekaputtakasuttādivaṇṇanā三至六、《独子经》等的注释
§172-175
172-175. Tatiye saddhāti sotāpannā. Sesamettha uttānameva. Tathā catutthe pañcame chaṭṭhe ca. Tatiyādīni.
172-175. 关于第三章所说的『信』,指的是初果圣者。余下章节同样采用名称区分。此理亦适于第四、第五及第六章。均属第三类之文义。
7. Tatiyasamaṇabrāhmaṇasuttavaṇṇanā七、《第三沙门婆罗门经》的注释
§176
176. Sattame samudayantiādīsu saha pubbakammena attabhāvo kolaputtiyaṃ vaṇṇapokkharatā kalyāṇavākkaraṇatā dhutaguṇāvīkaraṇaṃ cīvaradhāraṇaṃ parivārasampattīti evamādi lābhasakkārassa samudayo nāma, taṃ samudayasaccavasena nappajānāti, nirodho ca paṭipadā ca nirodhasaccamaggasaccavaseneva veditabbā. Sattamaṃ.
176. 第七章讨论诸因缘及果报,其中包括先行业力、我执、嗔恨、表彰善行、拥护戒律、持大衣及衣服等。此等即所谓名为利得敬重的因缘起;然其本质从缘起法理上难以彻底认知。灭除此因之道,即是灭谛与道谛的真义。此为第七章节。
8. Chavisuttavaṇṇanā八、《皮肤经》的注释
§177
177. Aṭṭhame yasmā lābhasakkārasiloko narakādīsu, nibbattento sakalampi imaṃ attabhāvaṃ nāseti, idhāpi maraṇampi maraṇamattampi dukkhaṃ āvahati, tasmā chaviṃ chindatītiādi vuttaṃ. Aṭṭhamaṃ.
177. 第八章论及因执著于利得敬重之世俗名利者,在地狱等诸恶趣中,终究不能断除我执。因而死亡及死的本身亦能生苦难,故说『断欲断执』等教义。此为第八章之文义。
9. Rajjusuttavaṇṇanā第九《绳索经》注释
§178
178. Navame vāḷarajjuyāti suttādimayā rajju mudukā hoti vāḷarajju kharā pharusā, tasmā ayameva gahitā. Navamaṃ.
第178条。所谓“第九,是软绳或硬绳之不同”,绳索有柔软之绳,也有坚硬粗糙之绳,因此此处所指即为此类绳索。这是第九。
10. Bhikkhusuttavaṇṇanā第十《比库经》注释
§179
179. Dasame diṭṭhadhammasukhavihārāti phalasamāpattisukhavihārā. Tesāhamassāti tesaṃ ahaṃ assa . Khīṇāsavo hi lābhī puññasampanno yāgukhajjakādīni gahetvā āgatāgatānaṃ anumodanaṃ karonto dhammaṃ desento pañhaṃ vissajjento phalasamāpattiṃ appetvā nisīdituṃ okāsaṃ na labhati, taṃ sandhāya vuttanti. Dasamaṃ.
第179条。所谓第十,是关于所见法之安乐住,是果报证得之安乐住。谓吾是其间之者。已断烦恼者,作为得利者,具足福德,承受牺牲青蛙等事,为了欢迎来往者而欢喜称赞,宣说法义,回答疑问,求得果报证量,欲得安住无暇,乃未得此机会,故对此有所说明。此为第十。
Tatiyo vaggo. · 第三品。
4. Catutthavaggo
4. 第四品
1-4. Bhindisuttādivaṇṇanā第一至第四《破除经》等注释
§180-183
180-183. Catutthavaggassa paṭhamaṃ uttānameva. Dutiyādīsu kusalamūlanti alobhāditividhakusaladhammo. Sukko dhammoti tasseva pariyāyadesanā . Ayaṃ panettha saṅkhepattho – yassa kusalamūlādisaṅkhātassa anavajjadhammassa asamucchinnattā devadatto sagge vā nibbatteyya, maggaphalāni vā adhigaccheyya, svāssa samucchedamagamā sabbaso samucchinno vinaṭṭho. Paṭhamādīni.
第180至183条。第四品的第一题名。自第二题始为善根,善法之主,离贪欲之善法。所谓善法,即同义反复之说明。此处为略释,谓其为根本善法者,若具备无瑕疵之善法,则得天界世处之乐,或证得涅槃果,或获得正道之果,整体无缺灭而具足完满。以上为第一等诸题内容。
5. Acirapakkantasuttavaṇṇanā第五《刚离去经》注释
§184
184. Pañcame parābhavāyāti avaḍḍhiyā vināsāya. Assatarīti vaḷavāya kucchismiṃ gadrabhassa jātā. Attavadhāya gabbhaṃ gaṇhātīti taṃ assena saddhiṃ sampayojenti, sā gabbhaṃ gaṇhitvā kāle sampatte vijāyituṃ na sakkoti, pādehi bhūmiyaṃ paharantī tiṭṭhati, athassā cattāro pāde catūsu khāṇukesu bandhitvā kucchiṃ phāletvā potaṃ nīharanti, sā tattheva marati. Tenetaṃ vuttaṃ. Pañcamaṃ.
第184条。所谓第五,是因失败而导致增长之灭。谓狡猾者,犬身中生出龙象。因欲自害,故以腹为怀胎,与该狡猾之声紧密联系者,彼孕胎已然怀有,然时节未至,未能出世。以足抵地而立,且将四足置于四角,将尾鞭击地引出腹中之物,即刻便亡。为此而说。为第五。
6. Pañcarathasatasuttavaṇṇanā第六《五百车经》注释
§185
185. Chaṭṭhe bhattābhihāroti abhiharitabbaṃ bhattaṃ. Tassa pana pamāṇaṃ dassetuṃ pañca ca thālipākasatānīti vuttaṃ. Tattha eko thālipāko dasannaṃ purisānaṃ bhattaṃ gaṇhāti. Nāsāya pittaṃ bhindeyyunti acchapittaṃ vā macchapittaṃ vāssa nāsapuṭe pakkhipeyyaṃ. Chaṭṭhaṃ.
第185条。谓第六者,是应作之食物交付。其数量之示,有五百张饭叶作为例子。谓其中一片饭叶,可供十余人食用。以鼻分裂脓液,或将鱼脓液喷于鼻孔中以除虫。为第六。
7-13. Mātusuttādivaṇṇanā7-13. 母经等之解释
§186-187
186-187. Sattame mātupi hetūti ‘‘sace musā bhaṇasi, mātaraṃ te vissajjessāma. No ce bhaṇasi, na vissajjessāmā’’ti evaṃ corehi aṭaviyaṃ pucchamāno tassā corahatthagatāya mātuyāpi hetu sampajānamusā na bhāseyyāti attho. Ito paresupi eseva nayoti. Sattamādīni.
186-187. 「若你说谎,我们要废弃你母亲;若你不说谎,我们便不废弃。」如是,小偷在森林被问时,对那被盗者说出此因果关系,意指对母亲的缘故他一定不会说谎。此义同理可推及他人。出自第七类及以后。
Lābhasakkārasaṃyuttavaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā. · 利养恭敬相应之解释完毕。