10. Saṅgītisuttaṃ10. 合诵经
10. Saṅgītisuttaṃ10. 合诵经
§296
Evaṃ me sutaṃ – ekaṃ samayaṃ bhagavā mallesu cārikaṃ caramāno mahatā bhikkhusaṅghena saddhiṃ pañcamattehi bhikkhusatehi yena pāvā nāma mallānaṃ nagaraṃ tadavasari. Tatra sudaṃ bhagavā pāvāyaṃ viharati cundassa kammāraputtassa ambavane.
如是我闻——一时,世尊与大比库僧团五百位比库一起在马拉人中游行,抵达了马拉人名为巴瓦的城市。在那里,世尊住在巴瓦,铁匠之子准达的芒果林中。
Ubbhatakanavasandhāgāraṃ伍跋德咖新集会堂
§297
Tena kho pana samayena pāveyyakānaṃ mallānaṃ ubbhatakaṃ nāma navaṃ sandhāgāraṃ acirakāritaṃ hoti anajjhāvuṭṭhaṃ samaṇena vā brāhmaṇena vā kenaci vā manussabhūtena. Assosuṃ kho pāveyyakā mallā – ‘‘bhagavā kira mallesu cārikaṃ caramāno mahatā bhikkhusaṅghena saddhiṃ pañcamattehi bhikkhusatehi pāvaṃ anuppatto pāvāyaṃ viharati cundassa kammāraputtassa ambavane’’ti. Atha kho pāveyyakā mallā yena bhagavā tenupasaṅkamiṃsu; upasaṅkamitvā bhagavantaṃ abhivādetvā ekamantaṃ nisīdiṃsu. Ekamantaṃ nisinnā kho pāveyyakā mallā bhagavantaṃ etadavocuṃ – ‘‘idha, bhante, pāveyyakānaṃ mallānaṃ ubbhatakaṃ nāma navaṃ sandhāgāraṃ acirakāritaṃ hoti anajjhāvuṭṭhaṃ samaṇena vā brāhmaṇena vā kenaci vā manussabhūtena. Tañca kho, bhante, bhagavā paṭhamaṃ paribhuñjatu, bhagavatā paṭhamaṃ paribhuttaṃ pacchā pāveyyakā mallā paribhuñjissanti. Tadassa pāveyyakānaṃ mallānaṃ dīgharattaṃ hitāya sukhāyā’’ti. Adhivāsesi kho bhagavā tuṇhībhāvena.
尔时,巴瓦的马拉人有一座名为「乌巴他咖」的新集会堂刚建成不久,尚未被沙门、婆罗门或任何人使用过。巴瓦的马拉人听说:「世尊与大比库僧团五百位比库一起在马拉人中游行,已抵达巴瓦,住在铁匠之子准达的芒果林中。」于是,巴瓦的马拉人前往世尊所在之处;抵达后,礼敬世尊,坐于一旁。坐于一旁的巴瓦的马拉人对世尊如此说:「尊者,这里有巴瓦的马拉人名为『乌巴他咖』的新集会堂刚建成不久,尚未被沙门、婆罗门或任何人使用过。尊者,愿世尊首先使用它,世尊首先使用后,巴瓦的马拉人才使用。这将为巴瓦的马拉人带来长久的利益与安乐。」世尊以沉默表示同意。
§298
Atha kho pāveyyakā mallā bhagavato adhivāsanaṃ viditvā uṭṭhāyāsanā bhagavantaṃ abhivādetvā padakkhiṇaṃ katvā yena sandhāgāraṃ tenupasaṅkamiṃsu; upasaṅkamitvā sabbasanthariṃ sandhāgāraṃ santharitvā bhagavato āsanāni paññāpetvā udakamaṇikaṃ patiṭṭhapetvā telapadīpaṃ āropetvā yena bhagavā tenupasaṅkamiṃsu; upasaṅkamitvā bhagavantaṃ abhivādetvā ekamantaṃ aṭṭhaṃsu. Ekamantaṃ ṭhitā kho te pāveyyakā mallā bhagavantaṃ etadavocuṃ – ‘‘sabbasantharisanthataṃ , bhante, sandhāgāraṃ, bhagavato āsanāni paññattāni, udakamaṇiko patiṭṭhāpito, telapadīpo āropito. Yassadāni, bhante, bhagavā kālaṃ maññatī’’ti.
于是,巴瓦的马拉人知道世尊已同意,从座起立,礼敬世尊,行右绕礼后,前往集会堂;抵达后,在集会堂铺设各种铺具,为世尊设置座位,安置水瓶,点燃油灯,然后前往世尊所在之处;抵达后,礼敬世尊,站立一旁。站立一旁的那些巴瓦的马拉人对世尊如此说:「尊者,集会堂已铺设各种铺具,已为世尊设置座位,已安置水瓶,已点燃油灯。尊者,现在请世尊考虑适当的时间。」
§299
Atha kho bhagavā nivāsetvā pattacīvaramādāya saddhiṃ bhikkhusaṅghena yena sandhāgāraṃ tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā pāde pakkhāletvā sandhāgāraṃ pavisitvā majjhimaṃ thambhaṃ nissāya puratthābhimukho nisīdi. Bhikkhusaṅghopi kho pāde pakkhāletvā sandhāgāraṃ pavisitvā pacchimaṃ bhittiṃ nissāya puratthābhimukho nisīdi bhagavantaṃyeva purakkhatvā. Pāveyyakāpi kho mallā pāde pakkhāletvā sandhāgāraṃ pavisitvā puratthimaṃ bhittiṃ nissāya pacchimābhimukhā nisīdiṃsu bhagavantaṃyeva purakkhatvā. Atha kho bhagavā pāveyyake malle bahudeva rattiṃ dhammiyā kathāya sandassetvā samādapetvā samuttejetvā sampahaṃsetvā uyyojesi – ‘‘abhikkantā kho, vāseṭṭhā, ratti. Yassadāni tumhe kālaṃ maññathā’’ti. ‘‘Evaṃ, bhante’’ti kho pāveyyakā mallā bhagavato paṭissutvā uṭṭhāyāsanā bhagavantaṃ abhivādetvā padakkhiṇaṃ katvā pakkamiṃsu.
于是,世尊着下衣,持钵与衣,与比库僧团一起前往集会堂;抵达后,洗足,进入集会堂,背靠中央柱子,面向东方而坐。比库僧团也洗足,进入集会堂,背靠西壁,面向东方而坐,以世尊为首。巴瓦的马拉人也洗足,进入集会堂,背靠东壁,面向西方而坐,以世尊为首。于是,世尊以法谈对巴瓦的马拉人开示、劝导、鼓励、使之欢喜,直到深夜,然后遣散他们:「瓦些他们,夜已深了。现在请你们考虑适当的时间。」「是的,尊者。」巴瓦的马拉人回答世尊后,从座起立,礼敬世尊,行右绕礼后离去。
§300
Atha kho bhagavā acirapakkantesu pāveyyakesu mallesu tuṇhībhūtaṃ tuṇhībhūtaṃ bhikkhusaṃghaṃ anuviloketvā āyasmantaṃ sāriputtaṃ āmantesi – ‘‘vigatathinamiddho kho, sāriputta, bhikkhusaṅgho. Paṭibhātu taṃ, sāriputta, bhikkhūnaṃ dhammīkathā. Piṭṭhi me āgilāyati. Tamahaṃ āyamissāmī’’ti . ‘‘Evaṃ, bhante’’ti kho āyasmā sāriputto bhagavato paccassosi. Atha kho bhagavā catugguṇaṃ saṅghāṭiṃ paññapetvā dakkhiṇena passena sīhaseyyaṃ kappesi pāde pādaṃ accādhāya, sato sampajāno uṭṭhānasaññaṃ manasi karitvā.
于是,世尊在巴瓦的马拉人离去不久,环视寂静的、寂静的比库僧团后,对具寿沙利子说:「沙利子,比库僧团已离昏沉睡眠。沙利子,请你为比库们作法谈。我的背疼痛,我要舒展它。」「是的,尊者。」具寿沙利子回答世尊。于是,世尊将大衣折成四层,以右胁作狮子卧,足足相叠,具念、正知,作意起来之想。
Bhinnanigaṇṭhavatthu尼干陀分裂事
§301
Tena kho pana samayena nigaṇṭho nāṭaputto pāvāyaṃ adhunākālaṅkato hoti. Tassa kālaṅkiriyāya bhinnā nigaṇṭhā dvedhikajātā bhaṇḍanajātā kalahajātā vivādāpannā aññamaññaṃ mukhasattīhi vitudantā viharanti – ‘‘na tvaṃ imaṃ dhammavinayaṃ ājānāsi, ahaṃ imaṃ dhammavinayaṃ ājānāmi, kiṃ tvaṃ imaṃ dhammavinayaṃ ājānissasi! Micchāpaṭipanno tvamasi, ahamasmi sammāpaṭipanno. Sahitaṃ me, asahitaṃ te. Purevacanīyaṃ pacchā avaca, pacchāvacanīyaṃ pure avaca. Adhiciṇṇaṃ te viparāvattaṃ, āropito te vādo, niggahito tvamasi, cara vādappamokkhāya, nibbeṭhehi vā sace pahosī’’ti. Vadhoyeva kho maññe nigaṇṭhesu nāṭaputtiyesu vattati. Yepi nigaṇṭhassa nāṭaputtassa sāvakā gihī odātavasanā , tepi nigaṇṭhesu nāṭaputtiyesu nibbinnarūpā virattarūpā paṭivānarūpā, yathā taṃ durakkhāte dhammavinaye duppavedite aniyyānike anupasamasaṃvattanike asammāsambuddhappavedite bhinnathūpe appaṭisaraṇe.
尔时,尼干陀·那他子刚在巴瓦命终。由于他的命终,尼干陀们分裂,成为二派,争吵、争论、争执,以口舌互相攻击而住:「你不了知此法与律,我了知此法与律,你怎能了知此法与律!你行道错误,我行道正确。我的一致,你的不一致。应先说的你后说,应后说的你先说。你深思熟虑的被推翻了,你的论点被驳倒了,你被折服了。去解脱你的论点吧,如果你能的话,请解开它!」在尼干陀·那他子的追随者中,简直就像是在杀戮。那些尼干陀·那他子的在家弟子、白衣者,对尼干陀·那他子的追随者也厌离、厌恶、反感,因为那是恶说的法与律、恶示的、非出离的、非导向寂静的、非正等正觉者所说的、破坏支柱的、无依怙处的。
§302
Atha kho āyasmā sāriputto bhikkhū āmantesi – ‘‘nigaṇṭho, āvuso, nāṭaputto pāvāyaṃ adhunākālaṅkato, tassa kālaṅkiriyāya bhinnā nigaṇṭhā dvedhikajātā…pe… bhinnathūpe appaṭisaraṇe’’. ‘‘Evañhetaṃ, āvuso, hoti durakkhāte dhammavinaye duppavedite aniyyānike anupasamasaṃvattanike asammāsambuddhappavedite. Ayaṃ kho panāvuso amhākaṃ bhagavatā dhammo svākkhāto suppavedito niyyāniko upasamasaṃvattaniko sammāsambuddhappavedito. Tattha sabbeheva saṅgāyitabbaṃ, na vivaditabbaṃ, yathayidaṃ brahmacariyaṃ addhaniyaṃ assa ciraṭṭhitikaṃ, tadassa bahujanahitāya bahujanasukhāya lokānukampāya atthāya hitāya sukhāya devamanussānaṃ.
于是,具寿沙利子对比库们说:「诸具寿,尼干陀·那他子刚在巴瓦命终,由于他的命终,尼干陀们分裂,成为二派……乃至……破坏支柱的、无依怙处的。」「诸具寿,确实如此,在恶说的法与律、恶示的、非出离的、非导向寂静的、非正等正觉者所说的,就是这样。诸具寿,然而我们世尊的法是善说的、善示的、出离的、导向寂静的、正等正觉者所说的。在那里,一切都应合诵,不应争论,以使此梵行长久住世、久住,这将为众人的利益、众人的安乐、出于对世间的悲悯、为了天人的义利、利益与安乐。
‘‘Katamo cāvuso, amhākaṃ bhagavatā dhammo svākkhāto suppavedito niyyāniko upasamasaṃvattaniko sammāsambuddhappavedito; yattha sabbeheva saṅgāyitabbaṃ, na vivaditabbaṃ, yathayidaṃ brahmacariyaṃ addhaniyaṃ assa ciraṭṭhitikaṃ, tadassa bahujanahitāya bahujanasukhāya lokānukampāya atthāya hitāya sukhāya devamanussānaṃ?
「诸具寿,什么是我们世尊的法,是善说的、善示的、出离的、导向寂静的、正等正觉者所说的;在那里,一切都应合诵,不应争论,以使此梵行长久住世、久住,这将为众人的利益、众人的安乐、出于对世间的悲悯、为了天人的义利、利益与安乐?
Ekakaṃ一法
§303
‘‘Atthi kho, āvuso, tena bhagavatā jānatā passatā arahatā sammāsambuddhena eko dhammo sammadakkhāto. Tattha sabbeheva saṅgāyitabbaṃ, na vivaditabbaṃ, yathayidaṃ brahmacariyaṃ addhaniyaṃ assa ciraṭṭhitikaṃ , tadassa bahujanahitāya bahujanasukhāya lokānukampāya atthāya hitāya sukhāya devamanussānaṃ. Katamo eko dhammo? Sabbe sattā āhāraṭṭhitikā. Sabbe sattā saṅkhāraṭṭhitikā. Ayaṃ kho, āvuso, tena bhagavatā jānatā passatā arahatā sammāsambuddhena eko dhammo sammadakkhāto. Tattha sabbeheva saṅgāyitabbaṃ, na vivaditabbaṃ , yathayidaṃ brahmacariyaṃ addhaniyaṃ assa ciraṭṭhitikaṃ, tadassa bahujanahitāya bahujanasukhāya lokānukampāya atthāya hitāya sukhāya devamanussānaṃ.
「贤友们,彼世尊、知者、见者、阿拉汉、正等正觉者已正确宣说了非法品。对此,一切人都应合诵,不应争论,如此,这梵行将会长久住世,这将会是为了众人的利益,为了众人的快乐,为了悲悯世间,为了天人的义利、利益与快乐。什么是非法品?一切有情依食而住。一切有情依行而住。贤友们,这就是彼世尊、知者、见者、阿拉汉、正等正觉者已正确宣说的非法品。对此,一切人都应合诵,不应争论,如此,这梵行将会长久住世,这将会是为了众人的利益,为了众人的快乐,为了悲悯世间,为了天人的义利、利益与快乐。」
Dukaṃ二法
§304
‘‘Atthi kho, āvuso, tena bhagavatā jānatā passatā arahatā sammāsambuddhena dve dhammā sammadakkhātā. Tattha sabbeheva saṅgāyitabbaṃ, na vivaditabbaṃ, yathayidaṃ brahmacariyaṃ addhaniyaṃ assa ciraṭṭhitikaṃ, tadassa bahujanahitāya bahujanasukhāya lokānukampāya atthāya hitāya sukhāya devamanussānaṃ. Katame dve ?
「贤友们,彼世尊、知者、见者、阿拉汉、正等正觉者已正确宣说了二法。对此,一切人都应合诵,不应争论,如此,这梵行将会长久住世,这将会是为了众人的利益,为了众人的快乐,为了悲悯世间,为了天人的义利、利益与快乐。什么是二法?」
‘‘Nāmañca rūpañca.
「名与色。」
‘‘Avijjā ca bhavataṇhā ca.
「无明与有渴爱。」
‘‘Bhavadiṭṭhi ca vibhavadiṭṭhi ca.
「有见与无有见。」
‘‘Ahirikañca anottappañca.
「无惭与无愧。」
‘‘Hirī ca ottappañca.
「惭与愧。」
‘‘Dovacassatā ca pāpamittatā ca.
「难受教与恶友性。」
‘‘Sovacassatā ca kalyāṇamittatā ca.
「易受教诫与善友谊。
‘‘Āpattikusalatā ca āpattivuṭṭhānakusalatā ca.
「于罪善巧与于出罪善巧。
‘‘Samāpattikusalatā ca samāpattivuṭṭhānakusalatā ca.
「于等至善巧与于出等至善巧。
‘‘Dhātukusalatā ca manasikārakusalatā ca.
「于界善巧与于作意善巧。
‘‘Āyatanakusalatā ca paṭiccasamuppādakusalatā ca.
「于处善巧与于缘起善巧。
‘‘Ṭhānakusalatā ca aṭṭhānakusalatā ca.
「于处善巧与于非处善巧。
‘‘Ajjavañca lajjavañca.
「正直与惭。
‘‘Khanti ca soraccañca.
「忍辱与柔和。
‘‘Sākhalyañca paṭisanthāro ca.
粗糙与亲切。
‘‘Avihiṃsā ca soceyyañca.
不害与柔和。
‘‘Muṭṭhassaccañca asampajaññañca.
失念与不正知。
‘‘Sati ca sampajaññañca .
念与正知。
‘‘Indriyesu aguttadvāratā ca bhojane amattaññutā ca.
诸根不守护门与食不知量。
‘‘Indriyesu guttadvāratā ca bhojane mattaññutā ca.
诸根守护门与食知量。
‘‘Paṭisaṅkhānabalañca bhāvanābalañca.
省察力与修习力。
‘‘Satibalañca samādhibalañca.
念力与定力。
‘‘Samatho ca vipassanā ca.
「止与观。
‘‘Samathanimittañca paggahanimittañca.
「止相与策励相。
‘‘Paggaho ca avikkhepo ca.
「策励与不散乱。
‘‘Sīlavipatti ca diṭṭhivipatti ca.
「戒失坏与见失坏。
‘‘Sīlasampadā ca diṭṭhisampadā ca.
「戒具足与见具足。
‘‘Sīlavisuddhi ca diṭṭhivisuddhi ca.
「戒清净与见清净。
‘‘Diṭṭhivisuddhi kho pana yathā diṭṭhissa ca padhānaṃ.
「见清净则如其所见而精勤。
‘‘Saṃvego ca saṃvejanīyesu ṭhānesu saṃviggassa ca yoniso padhānaṃ.
「于应悚惧处悚惧,以及悚惧者如理精勤。
‘‘Asantuṭṭhitā ca kusalesu dhammesu appaṭivānitā ca padhānasmiṃ.
「于诸善法不满足与于精勤不退缩。
‘‘Vijjā ca vimutti ca.
「明与解脱。
‘‘Khayeñāṇaṃ anuppādeñāṇaṃ.
「尽智与无生智。
‘‘Ime kho, āvuso, tena bhagavatā jānatā passatā arahatā sammāsambuddhena dve dhammā sammadakkhātā. Tattha sabbeheva saṅgāyitabbaṃ, na vivaditabbaṃ, yathayidaṃ brahmacariyaṃ addhaniyaṃ assa ciraṭṭhitikaṃ, tadassa bahujanahitāya bahujanasukhāya lokānukampāya atthāya hitāya sukhāya devamanussānaṃ.
「诸具寿,这些是彼世尊、知者、见者、阿拉汉、正等正觉者所正善说的二法。对此,一切人应当合诵,不应诤论,以便这梵行得以长久住立,那将是为了众人的利益,为了众人的快乐,为了悲悯世间,为了天人的义利、利益与快乐。
Tikaṃ三法
§305
‘‘Atthi kho, āvuso, tena bhagavatā jānatā passatā arahatā sammāsambuddhena tayo dhammā sammadakkhātā. Tattha sabbeheva saṅgāyitabbaṃ…pe… atthāya hitāya sukhāya devamanussānaṃ. Katame tayo?
「诸具寿,彼世尊、知者、见者、阿拉汉、正等正觉者确实正善说了三法。对此,一切人应当合诵……乃至……为了天人的义利、利益与快乐。哪三种?
‘‘Tīṇi akusalamūlāni – lobho akusalamūlaṃ, doso akusalamūlaṃ, moho akusalamūlaṃ.
「三不善根——贪是不善根,嗔是不善根,痴是不善根。
‘‘Tīṇi kusalamūlāni – alobho kusalamūlaṃ, adoso kusalamūlaṃ, amoho kusalamūlaṃ.
「三善根——无贪是善根,无嗔是善根,无痴是善根。
‘‘Tīṇi duccaritāni – kāyaduccaritaṃ, vacīduccaritaṃ, manoduccaritaṃ.
「三恶行——身恶行、语恶行、意恶行。
‘‘Tīṇi sucaritāni – kāyasucaritaṃ, vacīsucaritaṃ , manosucaritaṃ.
「三善行——身善行、语善行、意善行。
‘‘Tayo akusalavitakkā – kāmavitakko, byāpādavitakko, vihiṃsāvitakko.
「三不善寻——欲寻、嗔恚寻、害寻。
‘‘Tayo kusalavitakkā – nekkhammavitakko, abyāpādavitakko, avihiṃsāvitakko.
「三善寻——出离寻、无嗔寻、无害寻。
‘‘Tayo akusalasaṅkappā – kāmasaṅkappo, byāpādasaṅkappo, vihiṃsāsaṅkappo.
「三不善思——欲思、嗔恚思、害思。
‘‘Tayo kusalasaṅkappā – nekkhammasaṅkappo, abyāpādasaṅkappo, avihiṃsāsaṅkappo.
「三善思——出离思、无嗔思、无害思。
‘‘Tisso akusalasaññā – kāmasaññā, byāpādasaññā, vihiṃsāsaññā.
「三不善想——欲想、嗔恚想、害想。
‘‘Tisso kusalasaññā – nekkhammasaññā, abyāpādasaññā, avihiṃsāsaññā.
「三善想——出离想、无嗔想、无害想。
‘‘Tisso akusaladhātuyo – kāmadhātu, byāpādadhātu, vihiṃsādhātu.
「三不善界——欲界、嗔恚界、害界。
‘‘Tisso kusaladhātuyo – nekkhammadhātu, abyāpādadhātu, avihiṃsādhātu.
「三善界——出离界、无嗔界、无害界。
‘‘Aparāpi tisso dhātuyo – kāmadhātu, rūpadhātu, arūpadhātu.
「另外三界——欲界、色界、无色界。
‘‘Aparāpi tisso dhātuyo – rūpadhātu, arūpadhātu, nirodhadhātu.
「另外三界——色界、无色界、灭界。
‘‘Aparāpi tisso dhātuyo – hīnadhātu, majjhimadhātu, paṇītadhātu.
「另外三界——下界、中界、胜界。
‘‘Tisso taṇhā – kāmataṇhā, bhavataṇhā, vibhavataṇhā.
「三渴爱——欲爱、有爱、无有爱。
‘‘Aparāpi tisso taṇhā – kāmataṇhā, rūpataṇhā, arūpataṇhā.
「另外三渴爱——欲爱、色爱、无色爱。
‘‘Aparāpi tisso taṇhā – rūpataṇhā, arūpataṇhā, nirodhataṇhā.
「另外三渴爱——色爱、无色爱、灭爱。
‘‘Tīṇi saṃyojanāni – sakkāyadiṭṭhi, vicikicchā, sīlabbataparāmāso.
「三结——身见、疑、戒禁取。
‘‘Tayo āsavā – kāmāsavo, bhavāsavo, avijjāsavo.
「三漏——欲漏、有漏、无明漏。
‘‘Tayo bhavā – kāmabhavo, rūpabhavo, arūpabhavo.
「三有——欲有、色有、无色有。
‘‘Tisso esanā – kāmesanā, bhavesanā, brahmacariyesanā.
「三寻求——欲寻求、有寻求、梵行寻求。
‘‘Tisso vidhā – seyyohamasmīti vidhā, sadisohamasmīti vidhā, hīnohamasmīti vidhā.
「三慢——『我较胜』之慢、『我相等』之慢、『我较劣』之慢。
‘‘Tayo addhā – atīto addhā, anāgato addhā, paccuppanno addhā.
「三时——过去时、未来时、现在时。
‘‘Tayo antā – sakkāyo anto, sakkāyasamudayo anto, sakkāyanirodho anto.
「三边——有身边、有身集边、有身灭边。
‘‘Tisso vedanā – sukhā vedanā, dukkhā vedanā, adukkhamasukhā vedanā.
「三受——乐受、苦受、不苦不乐受。
‘‘Tisso dukkhatā – dukkhadukkhatā, saṅkhāradukkhatā, vipariṇāmadukkhatā.
「三苦性——苦苦性、行苦性、变易苦性。
‘‘Tayo rāsī – micchattaniyato rāsi, sammattaniyato rāsi, aniyato rāsi.
三聚——邪性决定聚、正性决定聚、不定聚。
‘‘Tayo tamā – atītaṃ vā addhānaṃ ārabbha kaṅkhati vicikicchati nādhimuccati na sampasīdati, anāgataṃ vā addhānaṃ ārabbha kaṅkhati vicikicchati nādhimuccati na sampasīdati, etarahi vā paccuppannaṃ addhānaṃ ārabbha kaṅkhati vicikicchati nādhimuccati na sampasīdati.
三暗——或者关于过去时,他疑惑、犹豫、不胜解、须跋信;或者关于未来时,他疑惑、犹豫、不胜解、须跋信;或者关于现在时,他疑惑、犹豫、不胜解、须跋信。
‘‘Tīṇi tathāgatassa arakkheyyāni – parisuddhakāyasamācāro āvuso tathāgato, natthi tathāgatassa kāyaduccaritaṃ, yaṃ tathāgato rakkheyya – ‘mā me idaṃ paro aññāsī’ti. Parisuddhavacīsamācāro āvuso, tathāgato, natthi tathāgatassa vacīduccaritaṃ, yaṃ tathāgato rakkheyya – ‘mā me idaṃ paro aññāsī’ti. Parisuddhamanosamācāro, āvuso, tathāgato, natthi tathāgatassa manoduccaritaṃ yaṃ tathāgato rakkheyya – ‘mā me idaṃ paro aññāsī’ti.
如来的三种无需防护——贤友,如来的身行清净,如来没有身恶行,如来无需防护「愿他人不知我此事」。贤友,如来的语行清净,如来没有语恶行,如来无需防护「愿他人不知我此事」。贤友,如来的意行清净,如来没有意恶行,如来无需防护「愿他人不知我此事」。
‘‘Tayo kiñcanā – rāgo kiñcanaṃ, doso kiñcanaṃ, moho kiñcanaṃ.
三有物——贪是有物,嗔是有物,痴是有物。
‘‘Tayo aggī – rāgaggi, dosaggi, mohaggi.
三火——贪火、嗔火、痴火。
‘‘Aparepi tayo aggī – āhuneyyaggi, gahapataggi, dakkhiṇeyyaggi.
另外三火——应供养火、家主火、应施火。
‘‘Tividhena rūpasaṅgaho – sanidassanasappaṭighaṃ rūpaṃ , anidassanasappaṭighaṃ rūpaṃ, anidassanaappaṭighaṃ rūpaṃ.
色的三种摄——有见有对色、无见有对色、无见无对色。
‘‘Tayo saṅkhārā – puññābhisaṅkhāro, apuññābhisaṅkhāro , āneñjābhisaṅkhāro.
三行——福行、非福行、不动行。
‘‘Tayo puggalā – sekkho puggalo, asekkho puggalo, nevasekkhonāsekkho puggalo.
「三种补特伽罗——有学补特伽罗、无学补特伽罗、非有学非无学补特伽罗。
‘‘Tayo therā – jātithero, dhammathero, sammutithero .
「三种长老——生长老、法长老、承认长老。
‘‘Tīṇi puññakiriyavatthūni – dānamayaṃ puññakiriyavatthu, sīlamayaṃ puññakiriyavatthu, bhāvanāmayaṃ puññakiriyavatthu.
「三种福业事——布施所成福业事、持戒所成福业事、修习所成福业事。
‘‘Tīṇi codanāvatthūni – diṭṭhena, sutena, parisaṅkāya.
「三种举罪事——以所见、以所闻、以怀疑。
‘‘Tisso kāmūpapattiyo – santāvuso sattā paccupaṭṭhitakāmā, te paccupaṭṭhitesu kāmesu vasaṃ vattenti, seyyathāpi manussā ekacce ca devā ekacce ca vinipātikā. Ayaṃ paṭhamā kāmūpapatti. Santāvuso, sattā nimmitakāmā, te nimminitvā nimminitvā kāmesu vasaṃ vattenti, seyyathāpi devā nimmānaratī. Ayaṃ dutiyā kāmūpapatti. Santāvuso sattā paranimmitakāmā, te paranimmitesu kāmesu vasaṃ vattenti, seyyathāpi devā paranimmitavasavattī. Ayaṃ tatiyā kāmūpapatti.
「三种欲生处——诸贤友,有诸有情是现前欲者,他们于现前诸欲中行自在,譬如诸人、某些天人及某些堕恶趣者。这是第一欲生处。诸贤友,有诸有情是化作欲者,他们化作又化作后于诸欲中行自在,譬如化乐天。这是第二欲生处。诸贤友,有诸有情是他化欲者,他们于他所化诸欲中行自在,譬如他化自在天。这是第三欲生处。
‘‘Tisso sukhūpapattiyo – santāvuso sattā uppādetvā uppādetvā sukhaṃ viharanti, seyyathāpi devā brahmakāyikā. Ayaṃ paṭhamā sukhūpapatti. Santāvuso, sattā sukhena abhisannā parisannā paripūrā paripphuṭā. Te kadāci karahaci udānaṃ udānenti – ‘aho sukhaṃ, aho sukha’nti , seyyathāpi devā ābhassarā. Ayaṃ dutiyā sukhūpapatti. Santāvuso, sattā sukhena abhisannā parisannā paripūrā paripphuṭā. Te santaṃyeva tusitā sukhaṃ paṭisaṃvedenti, seyyathāpi devā subhakiṇhā. Ayaṃ tatiyā sukhūpapatti .
「三种乐生处——诸贤友,有诸有情生起又生起乐而住,譬如梵身天。这是第一乐生处。诸贤友,有诸有情以乐遍满、充满、遍满、充溢。他们时时发出优陀那:'啊,乐!啊,乐!',譬如光音天。这是第二乐生处。诸贤友,有诸有情以乐遍满、充满、遍满、充溢。他们寂静地喜足感受乐,譬如遍净天。这是第三乐生处。
‘‘Tisso paññā – sekkhā paññā, asekkhā paññā, nevasekkhānāsekkhā paññā.
「三种慧——有学慧、无学慧、非有学非无学慧。
‘‘Aparāpi tisso paññā – cintāmayā paññā, sutamayā paññā, bhāvanāmayā paññā.
「又三种慧——思所成慧、闻所成慧、修所成慧。
‘‘Tīṇāvudhāni – sutāvudhaṃ, pavivekāvudhaṃ, paññāvudhaṃ.
「三种武器——多闻武器、远离武器、慧武器。
‘‘Tīṇindriyāni – anaññātaññassāmītindriyaṃ, aññindriyaṃ, aññātāvindriyaṃ.
「三根——我当证知未知根、已知根、具已知根。
‘‘Tīṇi cakkhūni – maṃsacakkhu, dibbacakkhu, paññācakkhu.
「三眼——肉眼、天眼、慧眼。
‘‘Tisso sikkhā – adhisīlasikkhā, adhicittasikkhā, adhipaññāsikkhā.
「三学——增上戒学、增上心学、增上慧学。
‘‘Tisso bhāvanā – kāyabhāvanā, cittabhāvanā, paññābhāvanā.
「三修习——身修习、心修习、慧修习。
‘‘Tīṇi anuttariyāni – dassanānuttariyaṃ, paṭipadānuttariyaṃ, vimuttānuttariyaṃ.
「三无上——见无上、道无上、解脱无上。
‘‘Tayo samādhī – savitakkasavicāro samādhi, avitakkavicāramatto samādhi, avitakkaavicāro samādhi.
「三种定——有寻有伺定、无寻唯伺定、无寻无伺定。
‘‘Aparepi tayo samādhī – suññato samādhi, animitto samādhi, appaṇihito samādhi.
「另外三种定——空定、无相定、无愿定。
‘‘Tīṇi soceyyāni – kāyasoceyyaṃ, vacīsoceyyaṃ, manosoceyyaṃ.
「三清净——身清净、语清净、意清净。
‘‘Tīṇi moneyyāni – kāyamoneyyaṃ, vacīmoneyyaṃ, manomoneyyaṃ.
「三牟尼法——身牟尼法、语牟尼法、意牟尼法。
‘‘Tīṇi kosallāni – āyakosallaṃ, apāyakosallaṃ, upāyakosallaṃ.
「三善巧——利得善巧、损失善巧、方便善巧。
‘‘Tayo madā – ārogyamado, yobbanamado, jīvitamado.
「三醉——健康醉、青春醉、生命醉。
‘‘Tīṇi ādhipateyyāni – attādhipateyyaṃ, lokādhipateyyaṃ, dhammādhipateyyaṃ.
「三增上——自增上、世间增上、法增上。
‘‘Tīṇi kathāvatthūni – atītaṃ vā addhānaṃ ārabbha kathaṃ katheyya – ‘evaṃ ahosi atītamaddhāna’nti; anāgataṃ vā addhānaṃ ārabbha kathaṃ katheyya – ‘evaṃ bhavissati anāgatamaddhāna’nti; etarahi vā paccuppannaṃ addhānaṃ ārabbha kathaṃ katheyya – ‘evaṃ hoti etarahi paccuppannaṃ addhāna’nti.
「三谈论处——或者缘于过去时而谈论——『过去时是如此』;或者缘于未来时而谈论——『未来时将如此』;或者缘于现在时而谈论——『现在时是如此』。
‘‘Tisso vijjā – pubbenivāsānussatiñāṇaṃ vijjā, sattānaṃ cutūpapāteñāṇaṃ vijjā, āsavānaṃ khayeñāṇaṃ vijjā.
「三明——宿住随念智为明、有情死生智为明、诸漏尽智为明。
‘‘Tayo vihārā – dibbo vihāro, brahmā vihāro, ariyo vihāro.
「三住——天住、梵住、圣住。
‘‘Tīṇi pāṭihāriyāni – iddhipāṭihāriyaṃ, ādesanāpāṭihāriyaṃ, anusāsanīpāṭihāriyaṃ.
「三神变——神通神变、教诫神变、教导神变。
‘‘Ime kho, āvuso, tena bhagavatā jānatā passatā arahatā sammāsambuddhena tayo dhammā sammadakkhātā. Tattha sabbeheva saṅgāyitabbaṃ…pe… atthāya hitāya sukhāya devamanussānaṃ.
「诸具寿,彼世尊、知者、见者、阿拉汉、正等正觉者已正善说此三法。于此,一切人应共同合诵……为了诸天人的义利、利益、安乐。
Catukkaṃ四法
§306
‘‘Atthi kho, āvuso, tena bhagavatā jānatā passatā arahatā sammāsambuddhena cattāro dhammā sammadakkhātā. Tattha sabbeheva saṅgāyitabbaṃ, na vivaditabbaṃ…pe… atthāya hitāya sukhāya devamanussānaṃ. Katame cattāro?
「诸具寿,彼世尊、知者、见者、阿拉汉、正等正觉者已正善说四法。于此,一切人应共同合诵,不应争论……为了诸天人的义利、利益、安乐。哪四种?
‘‘Cattāro Idhāvuso, bhikkhu kāye kāyānupassī viharati ātāpī sampajāno satimā, vineyya loke abhijjhādomanassaṃ. Vedanāsu vedanānupassī…pe… citte cittānupassī…pe… dhammesu dhammānupassī viharati ātāpī sampajāno satimā vineyya loke abhijjhādomanassaṃ.
「须跋。诸具寿,于此,比库于身随观身而住,热诚、正知、具念,调伏世间的贪忧。于受随观受……于心随观心……于法随观法而住,热诚、正知、具念,调伏世间的贪忧。
‘‘Cattāro Idhāvuso, bhikkhu anuppannānaṃ pāpakānaṃ akusalānaṃ dhammānaṃ anuppādāya chandaṃ janeti vāyamati vīriyaṃ ārabhati cittaṃ paggaṇhāti padahati. Uppannānaṃ pāpakānaṃ akusalānaṃ dhammānaṃ pahānāya chandaṃ janeti vāyamati vīriyaṃ ārabhati cittaṃ paggaṇhāti padahati. Anuppannānaṃ kusalānaṃ dhammānaṃ uppādāya chandaṃ janeti vāyamati vīriyaṃ ārabhati cittaṃ paggaṇhāti padahati. Uppannānaṃ kusalānaṃ dhammānaṃ ṭhitiyā asammosāya bhiyyobhāvāya vepullāya bhāvanāya pāripūriyā chandaṃ janeti vāyamati vīriyaṃ ārabhati cittaṃ paggaṇhāti padahati.
「四正勤。诸具寿,于此,比库为了未生起的恶不善法不生起,生起欲、努力、激发精进、策励心、勤奋。为了已生起的恶不善法断除,生起欲、努力、激发精进、策励心、勤奋。为了未生起的善法生起,生起欲、努力、激发精进、策励心、勤奋。为了已生起的善法住立、不失、增长、广大、修习、圆满,生起欲、努力、激发精进、策励心、勤奋。
‘‘Cattāro Idhāvuso, bhikkhu chandasamādhipadhānasaṅkhārasamannāgataṃ iddhipādaṃ bhāveti. Cittasamādhipadhānasaṅkhārasamannāgataṃ iddhipādaṃ bhāveti. Vīriyasamādhipadhānasaṅkhārasamannāgataṃ iddhipādaṃ bhāveti. Vīmaṃsāsamādhipadhānasaṅkhārasamannāgataṃ iddhipādaṃ bhāveti.
「四神足。诸具寿,于此,比库修习具足欲定勤行成就的神足。修习具足心定勤行成就的神足。修习具足精进定勤行成就的神足。修习具足观定勤行成就的神足。
‘‘Cattāri Idhāvuso, bhikkhu vivicceva kāmehi vivicca akusalehi dhammehi savitakkaṃ savicāraṃ vivekajaṃ pītisukhaṃ paṭhamaṃ jhānaṃ upasampajja viharati. Vitakkavicārānaṃ vūpasamā ajjhattaṃ sampasādanaṃ cetaso ekodibhāvaṃ avitakkaṃ avicāraṃ samādhijaṃ pītisukhaṃ dutiyaṃ jhānaṃ upasampajja viharati. Pītiyā ca virāgā upekkhako ca viharati sato ca sampajāno, sukhañca kāyena paṭisaṃvedeti, yaṃ taṃ ariyā ācikkhanti – ‘upekkhako satimā sukhavihārī’ti tatiyaṃ jhānaṃ upasampajja viharati. Sukhassa ca pahānā dukkhassa ca pahānā, pubbeva somanassadomanassānaṃ atthaṅgamā, adukkhamasukhaṃ upekkhāsatipārisuddhiṃ catutthaṃ jhānaṃ upasampajja viharati.
「四禅那。诸具寿,于此,比库离诸欲,离诸不善法,有寻、有伺,离生喜乐,具足住于初禅那。寻伺止息,内净,心专一性,无寻、无伺,定生喜乐,具足住于第二禅那。喜离去与住于舍,有念、正知,以身受乐,正如诸圣者所说——『舍、具念、乐住』,具足住于第三禅那。断乐、断苦,先前喜忧已灭没,不苦不乐,舍念清净,具足住于第四禅那。
§307
‘‘Catasso Atthāvuso, samādhibhāvanā bhāvitā bahulīkatā diṭṭhadhammasukhavihārāya saṃvattati. Atthāvuso, samādhibhāvanā bhāvitā bahulīkatā ñāṇadassanapaṭilābhāya saṃvattati. Atthāvuso samādhibhāvanā bhāvitā bahulīkatā satisampajaññāya saṃvattati. Atthāvuso samādhibhāvanā bhāvitā bahulīkatā āsavānaṃ khayāya saṃvattati.
「四定修习。诸具寿,有定修习,已修习、已多修习,导向现法乐住。诸具寿,有定修习,已修习、已多修习,导向获得智见。诸具寿,有定修习,已修习、已多修习,导向念与正知。诸具寿,有定修习,已修习、已多修习,导向诸漏尽。
‘‘Katamā cāvuso, samādhibhāvanā bhāvitā bahulīkatā diṭṭhadhammasukhavihārāya saṃvattati? Idhāvuso, bhikkhu vivicceva kāmehi vivicca akusalehi dhammehi savitakkaṃ…pe… catutthaṃ jhānaṃ upasampajja viharati. Ayaṃ, āvuso , samādhibhāvanā bhāvitā bahulīkatā diṭṭhadhammasukhavihārāya saṃvattati.
「诸友!什么是修习、多修习导向现法乐住的定修习?诸友!于此,比库离诸欲,离诸不善法,有寻、有伺,离生喜、乐,证得初禅而住……证得第四禅而住。诸友!这是修习、多修习导向现法乐住的定修习。
‘‘Katamā cāvuso, samādhibhāvanā bhāvitā bahulīkatā ñāṇadassanapaṭilābhāya saṃvattati? Idhāvuso, bhikkhu ālokasaññaṃ manasi karoti, divāsaññaṃ adhiṭṭhāti yathā divā tathā rattiṃ, yathā rattiṃ tathā divā. Iti vivaṭena cetasā apariyonaddhena sappabhāsaṃ cittaṃ bhāveti. Ayaṃ, āvuso samādhibhāvanā bhāvitā bahulīkatā ñāṇadassanapaṭilābhāya saṃvattati.
「诸友!什么是修习、多修习导向获得智见的定修习?诸友!于此,比库作意光明想,确定日想:如白昼,夜晚亦如是;如夜晚,白昼亦如是。如此,以开放的心、不覆盖的心,修习有光辉的心。诸友!这是修习、多修习导向获得智见的定修习。
‘‘Katamā cāvuso, samādhibhāvanā bhāvitā bahulīkatā satisampajaññāya saṃvattati? Idhāvuso, bhikkhuno viditā vedanā uppajjanti, viditā upaṭṭhahanti, viditā abbhatthaṃ gacchanti. Viditā saññā uppajjanti, viditā upaṭṭhahanti, viditā abbhatthaṃ gacchanti. Viditā vitakkā uppajjanti, viditā upaṭṭhahanti, viditā abbhatthaṃ gacchanti. Ayaṃ, āvuso, samādhibhāvanā bhāvitā bahulīkatā satisampajaññāya saṃvattati.
「诸友!什么是修习、多修习导向念与正知的定修习?诸友!于此,比库的受被了知而生起,被了知而住立,被了知而灭去。想被了知而生起,被了知而住立,被了知而灭去。寻被了知而生起,被了知而住立,被了知而灭去。诸友!这是修习、多修习导向念与正知的定修习。
‘‘Katamā cāvuso, samādhibhāvanā bhāvitā bahulīkatā āsavānaṃ khayāya saṃvattati? Idhāvuso, bhikkhu pañcasu upādānakkhandhesu udayabbayānupassī viharati. Iti rūpaṃ, iti rūpassa samudayo, iti rūpassa atthaṅgamo. Iti vedanā…pe… iti saññā… iti saṅkhārā… iti viññāṇaṃ, iti viññāṇassa samudayo, iti viññāṇassa atthaṅgamo. Ayaṃ, āvuso, samādhibhāvanā bhāvitā bahulīkatā āsavānaṃ khayāya saṃvattati.
「诸友!什么是修习、多修习导向诸漏尽的定修习?诸友!于此,比库于五取蕴随观生灭而住。如是色,如是色之集,如是色之灭。如是受……如是想……如是诸行……如是识,如是识之集,如是识之灭。诸友!这是修习、多修习导向诸漏尽的定修习。
§308
‘‘Catasso Idhāvuso, bhikkhu mettāsahagatena cetasā ekaṃ disaṃ pharitvā viharati. Tathā dutiyaṃ. Tathā tatiyaṃ. Tathā catutthaṃ. Iti uddhamadho tiriyaṃ sabbadhi sabbattatāya sabbāvantaṃ lokaṃ mettāsahagatena cetasā vipulena mahaggatena appamāṇena averena abyāpajjena pharitvā viharati. Karuṇāsahagatena cetasā…pe… muditāsahagatena cetasā…pe… upekkhāsahagatena cetasā ekaṃ disaṃ pharitvā viharati. Tathā dutiyaṃ. Tathā tatiyaṃ. Tathā catutthaṃ. Iti uddhamadho tiriyaṃ sabbadhi sabbattatāya sabbāvantaṃ lokaṃ upekkhāsahagatena cetasā vipulena mahaggatena appamāṇena averena abyāpajjena pharitvā viharati.
「四种……诸友!于此,比库以与慈俱行之心遍满一方而住。如是第二方,如是第三方,如是第四方。如此,上、下、横、一切处、一切方面、一切世间,以与慈俱行之心,广大、无量、无怨、无害,遍满而住。以与悲俱行之心……以与喜俱行之心……以与舍俱行之心遍满一方而住。如是第二方,如是第三方,如是第四方。如此,上、下、横、一切处、一切方面、一切世间,以与舍俱行之心,广大、无量、无怨、无害,遍满而住。
‘‘Cattāro Idhāvuso, bhikkhu sabbaso rūpasaññānaṃ samatikkamā paṭighasaññānaṃ atthaṅgamā nānattasaññānaṃ amanasikārā ‘ananto ākāso’ti ākāsānañcāyatanaṃ upasampajja viharati. Sabbaso ākāsānañcāyatanaṃ samatikkamma ‘anantaṃ viññāṇa’nti viññāṇañcāyatanaṃ upasampajja viharati. Sabbaso viññāṇañcāyatanaṃ samatikkamma ‘natthi kiñcī’ti ākiñcaññāyatanaṃ upasampajja viharati. Sabbaso ākiñcaññāyatanaṃ samatikkamma nevasaññānāsaññāyatanaṃ upasampajja viharati.
「四种……诸友!于此,比库完全超越诸色想,诸有对想灭没,不作意诸种种想,『虚空无边』,证得虚空无边处而住。完全超越虚空无边处,『识无边』,证得识无边处而住。完全超越识无边处,『无所有』,证得无所有处而住。完全超越无所有处,证得非想非非想处而住。
‘‘Cattāri Idhāvuso, bhikkhu saṅkhāyekaṃ paṭisevati, saṅkhāyekaṃ adhivāseti, saṅkhāyekaṃ parivajjeti, saṅkhāyekaṃ vinodeti.
「四种……诸友!于此,比库经省察而亲近一种,经省察而忍受一种,经省察而避开一种,经省察而除去一种。
§309
‘‘Cattāro Idhāvuso, bhikkhu santuṭṭho hoti itarītarena cīvarena, itarītaracīvarasantuṭṭhiyā ca vaṇṇavādī, na ca cīvarahetu anesanaṃ appatirūpaṃ āpajjati; aladdhā ca cīvaraṃ na paritassati, laddhā ca cīvaraṃ agadhito amucchito anajjhāpanno ādīnavadassāvī nissaraṇapañño paribhuñjati; tāya ca pana itarītaracīvarasantuṭṭhiyā nevattānukkaṃseti na paraṃ vambheti. Yo hi tattha dakkho analaso sampajāno paṭissato, ayaṃ vuccatāvuso – ‘bhikkhu porāṇe aggaññe ariyavaṃse ṭhito’.
「四种……诸友!于此,比库对任何衣满足,对任何衣之满足而赞叹,不因衣之缘故而行不适当的寻求;未得衣不忧虑,得衣不贪着、不迷醉、不耽溺,见过患,以出离之慧而受用;然而,因那任何衣之满足,既不自赞,也不轻蔑他人。于此,凡是熟练、不懈怠、正知、具念者,诸友!这被称为『比库住立于古老的、最上的、圣族中』。
‘‘Puna caparaṃ, āvuso, bhikkhu santuṭṭho hoti itarītarena piṇḍapātena, itarītarapiṇḍapātasantuṭṭhiyā ca vaṇṇavādī, na ca piṇḍapātahetu anesanaṃ appatirūpaṃ āpajjati; aladdhā ca piṇḍapātaṃ na paritassati, laddhā ca piṇḍapātaṃ agadhito amucchito anajjhāpanno ādīnavadassāvī nissaraṇapañño paribhuñjati; tāya ca pana itarītarapiṇḍapātasantuṭṭhiyā nevattānukkaṃseti na paraṃ vambheti. Yo hi tattha dakkho analaso sampajāno paṭissato , ayaṃ vuccatāvuso – ‘bhikkhu porāṇe aggaññe ariyavaṃse ṭhito’.
「复次,诸友,比库对任何所得的钵食知足,赞叹对任何所得钵食的知足,不为钵食之因而陷入不适当的寻求;未得钵食时不忧虑,得到钵食时不贪著、不迷恋、不陷入,见过患、以出离之慧而受用;然而,以那对任何所得钵食的知足,既不自赞,也不毁他。于此熟练、不懈怠、正知、具念者,诸友,这被称为『比库住立于古老的、最上的、圣族中』。」
‘‘Puna caparaṃ, āvuso, bhikkhu santuṭṭho hoti itarītarena senāsanena, itarītarasenāsanasantuṭṭhiyā ca vaṇṇavādī, na ca senāsanahetu anesanaṃ appatirūpaṃ āpajjati; aladdhā ca senāsanaṃ na paritassati, laddhā ca senāsanaṃ agadhito amucchito anajjhāpanno ādīnavadassāvī nissaraṇapañño paribhuñjati; tāya ca pana itarītarasenāsanasantuṭṭhiyā nevattānukkaṃseti na paraṃ vambheti. Yo hi tattha dakkho analaso sampajāno paṭissato, ayaṃ vuccatāvuso – ‘bhikkhu porāṇe aggaññe ariyavaṃse ṭhito’.
「复次,诸友,比库对任何所得的住所知足,赞叹对任何所得住所的知足,不为住所之因而陷入不适当的寻求;未得住所时不忧虑,得到住所时不贪著、不迷恋、不陷入,见过患、以出离之慧而受用;然而,以那对任何所得住所的知足,既不自赞,也不毁他。于此熟练、不懈怠、正知、具念者,诸友,这被称为『比库住立于古老的、最上的、圣族中』。」
‘‘Puna caparaṃ, āvuso, bhikkhu pahānārāmo hoti pahānarato, bhāvanārāmo hoti bhāvanārato; tāya ca pana pahānārāmatāya pahānaratiyā bhāvanārāmatāya bhāvanāratiyā nevattānukkaṃseti na paraṃ vambheti. Yo hi tattha dakkho analaso sampajāno paṭissato ayaṃ vuccatāvuso – ‘bhikkhu porāṇe aggaññe ariyavaṃse ṭhito’.
「复次,诸友,比库乐于断、喜于断,乐于修习、喜于修习;然而,以那乐于断、喜于断、乐于修习、喜于修习,既不自赞,也不毁他。于此熟练、不懈怠、正知、具念者,诸友,这被称为『比库住立于古老的、最上的、圣族中』。」
§310
‘‘Cattāri Saṃvarapadhānaṃ pahānapadhānaṃ bhāvanāpadhānaṃ anurakkhaṇāpadhānaṃ . Katamañcāvuso, saṃvarapadhānaṃ? Idhāvuso, bhikkhu cakkhunā rūpaṃ disvā na nimittaggāhī hoti nānubyañjanaggāhī. Yatvādhikaraṇamenaṃ cakkhundriyaṃ asaṃvutaṃ viharantaṃ abhijjhādomanassā pāpakā akusalā dhammā anvāssaveyyuṃ, tassa saṃvarāya paṭipajjati, rakkhati cakkhundriyaṃ, cakkhundriye saṃvaraṃ āpajjati. Sotena saddaṃ sutvā… ghānena gandhaṃ ghāyitvā… jivhāya rasaṃ sāyitvā… kāyena phoṭṭhabbaṃ phusitvā… manasā dhammaṃ viññāya na nimittaggāhī hoti nānubyañjanaggāhī. Yatvādhikaraṇamenaṃ manindriyaṃ asaṃvutaṃ viharantaṃ abhijjhādomanassā pāpakā akusalā dhammā anvāssaveyyuṃ, tassa saṃvarāya paṭipajjati, rakkhati manindriyaṃ, manindriye saṃvaraṃ āpajjati. Idaṃ vuccatāvuso, saṃvarapadhānaṃ.
「四种精勤:防护精勤、断精勤、修习精勤、守护精勤。诸友,什么是防护精勤?诸友,于此,比库以眼见色后,不取相,不取随相。因为若住于不防护眼根者,贪忧、诸恶不善法会流入,他为了防护而行道,守护眼根,在眼根上达到防护。以耳闻声后……以鼻嗅香后……以舌尝味后……以身触所触后……以意识法后,不取相,不取随相。因为若住于不防护意根者,贪忧、诸恶不善法会流入,他为了防护而行道,守护意根,在意根上达到防护。诸友,这被称为防护精勤。」
‘‘Katamañcāvuso, pahānapadhānaṃ? Idhāvuso, bhikkhu uppannaṃ kāmavitakkaṃ nādhivāseti pajahati vinodeti byantiṃ karoti anabhāvaṃ gameti. Uppannaṃ byāpādavitakkaṃ…pe… uppannaṃ vihiṃsāvitakkaṃ… uppannuppanne pāpake akusale dhamme nādhivāseti pajahati vinodeti byantiṃ karoti anabhāvaṃ gameti. Idaṃ vuccatāvuso, pahānapadhānaṃ.
「诸友,什么是断精勤?诸友,于此,比库对已生起的欲寻不容忍,断除、驱除、使之灭尽、使之不存在。对已生起的嗔寻……对已生起的害寻……对已生起的诸恶不善法不容忍,断除、驱除、使之灭尽、使之不存在。诸友,这被称为断精勤。」
‘‘Katamañcāvuso , bhāvanāpadhānaṃ? Idhāvuso, bhikkhu satisambojjhaṅgaṃ bhāveti vivekanissitaṃ virāganissitaṃ nirodhanissitaṃ vossaggapariṇāmiṃ. Dhammavicayasambojjhaṅgaṃ bhāveti… vīriyasambojjhaṅgaṃ bhāveti… pītisambojjhaṅgaṃ bhāveti… passaddhisambojjhaṅgaṃ bhāveti… samādhisambojjhaṅgaṃ bhāveti… upekkhāsambojjhaṅgaṃ bhāveti vivekanissitaṃ virāganissitaṃ nirodhanissitaṃ vossaggapariṇāmiṃ. Idaṃ vuccatāvuso, bhāvanāpadhānaṃ.
「诸友,什么是修习精勤?诸友,于此,比库修习念觉支,依远离、依离贪、依灭、转向于舍。修习择法觉支……修习精进觉支……修习喜觉支……修习轻安觉支……修习定觉支……修习舍觉支,依远离、依离贪、依灭、转向于舍。诸友,这被称为修习精勤。」
‘‘Katamañcāvuso, anurakkhaṇāpadhānaṃ? Idhāvuso, bhikkhu uppannaṃ bhadrakaṃ samādhinimittaṃ anurakkhati – aṭṭhikasaññaṃ, puḷuvakasaññaṃ , vinīlakasaññaṃ, vicchiddakasaññaṃ, uddhumātakasaññaṃ. Idaṃ vuccatāvuso, anurakkhaṇāpadhānaṃ.
「诸友,什么是守护精勤?诸友,于此,比库守护已生起的善定相——骨想、虫想、青瘀想、断坏想、膨胀想。诸友,这被称为守护精勤。」
‘‘Cattāri dhamme ñāṇaṃ, anvaye ñāṇaṃ, pariye ñāṇaṃ, sammutiyā ñāṇaṃ .
「四种智:法智、类智、他心智、世俗智。」
‘‘Aparānipi cattāri ñāṇāni – dukkhe ñāṇaṃ, dukkhasamudaye ñāṇaṃ, dukkhanirodhe ñāṇaṃ, dukkhanirodhagāminiyā paṭipadāya ñāṇaṃ.
「另有四智——于苦之智、于苦集之智、于苦灭之智、于导至苦灭之道之智。
§311
‘‘Cattāri sappurisasaṃsevo, saddhammassavanaṃ, yonisomanasikāro, dhammānudhammappaṭipatti.
「四者:亲近善士、听闻正法、如理作意、法随法行。
‘‘Cattāri Idhāvuso, ariyasāvako buddhe aveccappasādena samannāgato hoti – ‘itipi so bhagavā arahaṃ sammāsambuddho vijjācaraṇasampanno sugato lokavidū anuttaro purisadammasārathi satthā devamanussānaṃ buddho, bhagavā’ti. Dhamme aveccappasādena samannāgato hoti – ‘svākkhāto bhagavatā dhammo sandiṭṭhiko akāliko ehipassiko opaneyyiko paccattaṃ veditabbo viññūhī’ti. Saṅghe aveccappasādena samannāgato hoti – ‘suppaṭipanno bhagavato sāvakasaṅgho ujuppaṭipanno bhagavato sāvakasaṅgho ñāyappaṭipanno bhagavato sāvakasaṅgho sāmīcippaṭipanno bhagavato sāvakasaṅgho yadidaṃ cattāri purisayugāni aṭṭha purisapuggalā, esa bhagavato sāvakasaṅgho āhuneyyo pāhuneyyo dakkhiṇeyyo añjalikaraṇīyo anuttaraṃ puññakkhettaṃ lokassā’ti. Ariyakantehi sīlehi samannāgato hoti akhaṇḍehi acchiddehi asabalehi akammāsehi bhujissehi viññuppasatthehi aparāmaṭṭhehi samādhisaṃvattanikehi.
「四者:贤友们,于此,圣弟子对佛具足证净——『如是,彼世尊是阿拉汉、正等正觉者、明行具足者、善逝、世间解、无上士、调御丈夫者、天人师、佛、世尊』。对法具足证净——『世尊之法是善说的、自见的、无时的、来见的、引导的、智者各自证知的』。对僧团具足证净——『世尊的声闻僧团是善行道者、世尊的声闻僧团是正直行道者、世尊的声闻僧团是如理行道者、世尊的声闻僧团是正当行道者,即四双八辈,此世尊的声闻僧团是应供养者、应供奉者、应施者、应合掌者、世间的无上福田』。具足圣者所喜之戒,无毁坏的、无瑕疵的、无斑点的、无杂色的、自在的、智者所赞叹的、无执取的、导向定的。
‘‘Cattāri sotāpattiphalaṃ, sakadāgāmiphalaṃ, anāgāmiphalaṃ, arahattaphalaṃ.
「四者:入流果、一来果、不来果、阿拉汉果。
‘‘Catasso pathavīdhātu, āpodhātu, tejodhātu, vāyodhātu.
「四者:地界、水界、火界、风界。
‘‘Cattāro kabaḷīkāro āhāro oḷāriko vā sukhumo vā, phasso dutiyo, manosañcetanā tatiyā, viññāṇaṃ catutthaṃ.
「四者:段食,或粗或细,触为第二,意思为第三,识为第四。
‘‘Catasso Rūpūpāyaṃ vā, āvuso, viññāṇaṃ tiṭṭhamānaṃ tiṭṭhati rūpārammaṇaṃ rūpappatiṭṭhaṃ nandūpasecanaṃ vuddhiṃ virūḷhiṃ vepullaṃ āpajjati; vedanūpāyaṃ vā āvuso…pe… saññūpāyaṃ vā, āvuso…pe… saṅkhārūpāyaṃ vā, āvuso, viññāṇaṃ tiṭṭhamānaṃ tiṭṭhati saṅkhārārammaṇaṃ saṅkhārappatiṭṭhaṃ nandūpasecanaṃ vuddhiṃ virūḷhiṃ vepullaṃ āpajjati.
「四者:贤友们,识依止于色而住立时,以色为所缘、以色为依处、以喜悦为灌溉,达到增长、增广、增大;贤友们,或识依止于受而……贤友们,或识依止于想而……贤友们,或识依止于行而住立时,以行为所缘、以行为依处、以喜悦为灌溉,达到增长、增广、增大。
‘‘Cattāri chandāgatiṃ gacchati, dosāgati gacchati, mohāgatiṃ gacchati, bhayāgatiṃ gacchati.
「四者:因欲而趣、因嗔而趣、因痴而趣、因怖而趣。
‘‘Cattāro cīvarahetu vā, āvuso, bhikkhuno taṇhā uppajjamānā uppajjati; piṇḍapātahetu vā, āvuso, bhikkhuno taṇhā uppajjamānā uppajjati; senāsanahetu vā, āvuso, bhikkhuno taṇhā uppajjamānā uppajjati; itibhavābhavahetu vā, āvuso, bhikkhuno taṇhā uppajjamānā uppajjati.
「贤友,因衣的缘故,比库生起渴爱时生起;或者,贤友,因钵食的缘故,比库生起渴爱时生起;或者,贤友,因住所的缘故,比库生起渴爱时生起;或者,贤友,因如此有或有的缘故,比库生起渴爱时生起。」
‘‘Catasso dukkhā paṭipadā dandhābhiññā, dukkhā paṭipadā khippābhiññā, sukhā paṭipadā dandhābhiññā, sukhā paṭipadā khippābhiññā.
「四种苦的道迟通智、苦的道速通智、乐的道迟通智、乐的道速通智。」
‘‘Aparāpi catasso akkhamā paṭipadā, khamā paṭipadā, damā paṭipadā, samā paṭipadā.
「另外四种:不堪忍的道、堪忍的道、调伏的道、寂静的道。」
‘‘Cattāri anabhijjhā dhammapadaṃ, abyāpādo dhammapadaṃ, sammāsati dhammapadaṃ, sammāsamādhi dhammapadaṃ.
「四种:无贪是法句、无嗔是法句、正念是法句、正定是法句。」
‘‘Cattāri atthāvuso, dhammasamādānaṃ paccuppannadukkhañceva āyatiñca dukkhavipākaṃ. Atthāvuso, dhammasamādānaṃ paccuppannadukkhaṃ āyatiṃ sukhavipākaṃ. Atthāvuso, dhammasamādānaṃ paccuppannasukhaṃ āyatiṃ dukkhavipākaṃ. Atthāvuso, dhammasamādānaṃ paccuppannasukhañceva āyatiñca sukhavipākaṃ.
「贤友,有法的受持现法是苦而未来也是苦果报。贤友,有法的受持现法是苦而未来是乐果报。贤友,有法的受持现法是乐而未来是苦果报。贤友,有法的受持现法是乐而未来也是乐果报。」
‘‘Cattāro sīlakkhandho, samādhikkhandho, paññākkhandho, vimuttikkhandho.
「四种:戒蕴、定蕴、慧蕴、解脱蕴。」
‘‘Cattāri vīriyabalaṃ, satibalaṃ, samādhibalaṃ, paññābalaṃ.
「四种:精进力、念力、定力、慧力。」
‘‘Cattāri paññādhiṭṭhānaṃ, saccādhiṭṭhānaṃ, cāgādhiṭṭhānaṃ, upasamādhiṭṭhānaṃ.
「四种:慧住立、谛住立、舍住立、寂止住立。」
§312
‘‘Cattāri ekaṃsabyākaraṇīyo pañho, paṭipucchābyākaraṇīyo pañho, vibhajjabyākaraṇīyo pañho, ṭhapanīyo pañho.
「四种问:一向记问、反问记问、分别论记问、舍置记问。
‘‘Cattāri atthāvuso, kammaṃ kaṇhaṃ kaṇhavipākaṃ; atthāvuso, kammaṃ sukkaṃ sukkavipākaṃ; atthāvuso, kammaṃ kaṇhasukkaṃ kaṇhasukkavipākaṃ; atthāvuso, kammaṃ akaṇhaasukkaṃ akaṇhaasukkavipākaṃ kammakkhayāya saṃvattati.
「四种,贤友们,业是黑的、黑异熟的;贤友们,业是白的、白异熟的;贤友们,业是黑白的、黑白异熟的;贤友们,业是非黑非白的、非黑非白异熟的,导向业的灭尽。
‘‘Cattāro pubbenivāso satiyā sacchikaraṇīyo; sattānaṃ cutūpapāto cakkhunā sacchikaraṇīyo; aṭṭha vimokkhā kāyena sacchikaraṇīyā; āsavānaṃ khayo paññāya sacchikaraṇīyo.
「四种:宿住应以念现证;有情的死生应以眼现证;八解脱应以身现证;诸漏的灭尽应以慧现证。
‘‘Cattāro kāmogho, bhavogho, diṭṭhogho, avijjogho.
「四种:欲流、有流、见流、无明流。
‘‘Cattāro kāmayogo, bhavayogo, diṭṭhiyogo, avijjāyogo.
「四种:欲轭、有轭、见轭、无明轭。
‘‘Cattāro kāmayogavisaññogo, bhavayogavisaññogo, diṭṭhiyogavisaññogo, avijjāyogavisaññogo.
「四种:欲轭的离轭、有轭的离轭、见轭的离轭、无明轭的离轭。
‘‘Cattāro abhijjhā kāyagantho, byāpādo kāyagantho, sīlabbataparāmāso kāyagantho, idaṃsaccābhiniveso kāyagantho.
「四种:贪欲身系、嗔恨身系、戒禁取身系、此实执取身系。
‘‘Cattāri kāmupādānaṃ , diṭṭhupādānaṃ, sīlabbatupādānaṃ, attavādupādānaṃ.
「四种:欲取、见取、戒禁取、我论取。
‘‘Catasso aṇḍajayoni, jalābujayoni, saṃsedajayoni, opapātikayoni.
「四种生:卵生、胎生、湿生、化生。
‘‘Catasso Idhāvuso, ekacco asampajāno mātukucchiṃ okkamati, asampajāno mātukucchismiṃ ṭhāti, asampajāno mātukucchimhā nikkhamati, ayaṃ paṭhamā gabbhāvakkanti. Puna caparaṃ, āvuso, idhekacco sampajāno mātukucchiṃ okkamati, asampajāno mātukucchismiṃ ṭhāti, asampajāno mātukucchimhā nikkhamati, ayaṃ dutiyā gabbhāvakkanti. Puna caparaṃ, āvuso, idhekacco sampajāno mātukucchiṃ okkamati, sampajāno mātukucchismiṃ ṭhāti, asampajāno mātukucchimhā nikkhamati, ayaṃ tatiyā gabbhāvakkanti. Puna caparaṃ, āvuso, idhekacco sampajāno mātukucchiṃ okkamati, sampajāno mātukucchismiṃ ṭhāti, sampajāno mātukucchimhā nikkhamati, ayaṃ catutthā gabbhāvakkanti.
「四种入胎,贤友们,此处某人无正知地入母胎,无正知地住于母胎,无正知地出母胎,这是第一种入胎。再者,贤友们,此处某人正知地入母胎,无正知地住于母胎,无正知地出母胎,这是第二种入胎。再者,贤友们,此处某人正知地入母胎,正知地住于母胎,无正知地出母胎,这是第三种入胎。再者,贤友们,此处某人正知地入母胎,正知地住于母胎,正知地出母胎,这是第四种入胎。
‘‘Cattāro Atthāvuso, attabhāvapaṭilābho, yasmiṃ attabhāvapaṭilābhe attasañcetanāyeva kamati, no parasañcetanā. Atthāvuso, attabhāvapaṭilābho, yasmiṃ attabhāvapaṭilābhe parasañcetanāyeva kamati, no attasañcetanā. Atthāvuso, attabhāvapaṭilābho, yasmiṃ attabhāvapaṭilābhe attasañcetanā ceva kamati parasañcetanā ca. Atthāvuso, attabhāvapaṭilābho, yasmiṃ attabhāvapaṭilābhe neva attasañcetanā kamati, no parasañcetanā.
「四种个体获得,贤友们,有个体获得,在该个体获得中,自己的思只起作用,他人的思不起作用。贤友们,有个体获得,在该个体获得中,他人的思只起作用,自己的思不起作用。贤友们,有个体获得,在该个体获得中,自己的思与他人的思都起作用。贤友们,有个体获得,在该个体获得中,自己的思既不起作用,他人的思也不起作用。
§313
‘‘Catasso Atthāvuso, dakkhiṇā dāyakato visujjhati no paṭiggāhakato. Atthāvuso, dakkhiṇā paṭiggāhakato visujjhati no dāyakato. Atthāvuso, dakkhiṇā neva dāyakato visujjhati no paṭiggāhakato. Atthāvuso, dakkhiṇā dāyakato ceva visujjhati paṭiggāhakato ca.
「四种布施,贤友们,有布施从施者方面清净而非从受者方面。贤友们,有布施从受者方面清净而非从施者方面。贤友们,有布施既非从施者方面清净也非从受者方面。贤友们,有布施从施者方面清净且从受者方面也清净。
‘‘Cattāri dānaṃ, peyyavajjaṃ , atthacariyā, samānattatā.
「四种:布施、爱语、利行、同事。
‘‘Cattāro musāvādo, pisuṇāvācā, pharusāvācā, samphappalāpo.
「四种:妄语、两舌、粗恶语、杂秽语。
‘‘Cattāro musāvādā veramaṇī , pisuṇāya vācāya veramaṇī, pharusāya vācāya veramaṇī, samphappalāpā veramaṇī.
「四种:离妄语、离两舌、离粗恶语、离杂秽语。
‘‘Aparepi cattāro adiṭṭhe diṭṭhavāditā, assute sutavāditā, amute mutavāditā, aviññāte viññātavāditā.
「另外四种:对未见者说已见,对未闻者说已闻,对未觉者说已觉,对未识者说已识。
‘‘Aparepi cattāro adiṭṭhe adiṭṭhavāditā, assute assutavāditā, amute amutavāditā, aviññāte aviññātavāditā.
「另外四种:于未见说未见者、于未闻说未闻者、于未觉说未觉者、于未识说未识者。
‘‘Aparepi cattāro diṭṭhe adiṭṭhavāditā, sute assutavāditā, mute amutavāditā, viññāte aviññātavāditā.
「另外四种:于已见说未见者、于已闻说未闻者、于已觉说未觉者、于已识说未识者。
‘‘Aparepi cattāro diṭṭhe diṭṭhavāditā, sute sutavāditā, mute mutavāditā, viññāte viññātavāditā.
「另外四种:于已见说已见者、于已闻说已闻者、于已觉说已觉者、于已识说已识者。
§314
‘‘Cattāro Idhāvuso, ekacco puggalo attantapo hoti attaparitāpanānuyogamanuyutto. Idhāvuso, ekacco puggalo parantapo hoti paraparitāpanānuyogamanuyutto. Idhāvuso, ekacco puggalo attantapo ca hoti attaparitāpanānuyogamanuyutto, parantapo ca paraparitāpanānuyogamanuyutto. Idhāvuso, ekacco puggalo neva attantapo hoti na attaparitāpanānuyogamanuyutto na parantapo na paraparitāpanānuyogamanuyutto. So anattantapo aparantapo diṭṭheva dhamme nicchāto nibbuto sītībhūto sukhappaṭisaṃvedī brahmabhūtena attanā viharati.
「四种:诸贤友,此处某人是自苦者,从事于自我折磨之行。诸贤友,此处某人是他苦者,从事于折磨他人之行。诸贤友,此处某人既是自苦者,从事于自我折磨之行,又是他苦者,从事于折磨他人之行。诸贤友,此处某人既非自苦者,不从事于自我折磨之行,亦非他苦者,不从事于折磨他人之行。他不自苦、不他苦,于现法中无欲、已涅槃、清凉、感受乐,以梵天般的自己而住。
‘‘Aparepi cattāro Idhāvuso, ekacco puggalo attahitāya paṭipanno hoti no parahitāya. Idhāvuso, ekacco puggalo parahitāya paṭipanno hoti no attahitāya. Idhāvuso , ekacco puggalo neva attahitāya paṭipanno hoti no parahitāya. Idhāvuso, ekacco puggalo attahitāya ceva paṭipanno hoti parahitāya ca.
「另外四种:诸贤友,此处某人行于自利而非他利。诸贤友,此处某人行于他利而非自利。诸贤友,此处某人既不行于自利亦不行于他利。诸贤友,此处某人既行于自利亦行于他利。
‘‘Aparepi cattāro tamo tamaparāyano, tamo jotiparāyano, joti tamaparāyano, joti jotiparāyano.
「另外四种:从暗趣向暗者、从暗趣向光者、从光趣向暗者、从光趣向光者。
‘‘Aparepi cattāro samaṇamacalo, samaṇapadumo, samaṇapuṇḍarīko, samaṇesu samaṇasukhumālo.
「另外四种:沙门中的顽石、沙门中的红莲、沙门中的白莲、沙门中诸沙门之最胜者。
‘‘Ime kho, āvuso, tena bhagavatā arahatā sammāsambuddhena cattāro dhammā sammadakkhātā; tattha sabbeheva saṅgāyitabbaṃ…pe… atthāya hitāya sukhāya devamanussānaṃ.
「诸贤友,这些四法已被彼世尊、阿拉汉、正等正觉者善说;于此一切人应共同合诵……为了诸天人的义利、利益、安乐。
Paṭhamabhāṇavāro niṭṭhito. · 第一诵品完
Pañcakaṃ五法
§315
‘‘Atthi kho, āvuso, tena bhagavatā jānatā passatā arahatā sammāsambuddhena pañca dhammā sammadakkhātā. Tattha sabbeheva saṅgāyitabbaṃ…pe… atthāya hitāya sukhāya devamanussānaṃ. Katame pañca?
「贤友们,那位知者、见者、阿拉汉、正等正觉者世尊已正确地宣说了五法。在那里,一切人都应合诵……为了义利、利益、安乐,为了天人。哪五种?
Rūpakkhandho vedanākkhandho saññākkhandho saṅkhārakkhandho viññāṇakkhandho.
色蕴、受蕴、想蕴、行蕴、识蕴。
Rūpupādānakkhandho vedanupādānakkhandho saññupādānakkhandho saṅkhārupādānakkhandho viññāṇupādānakkhandho.
色取蕴、受取蕴、想取蕴、行取蕴、识取蕴。
‘‘Pañca Cakkhuviññeyyā rūpā iṭṭhā kantā manāpā piyarūpā kāmūpasañhitā rajanīyā , sotaviññeyyā saddā… ghānaviññeyyā gandhā… jivhāviññeyyā rasā… kāyaviññeyyā phoṭṭhabbā iṭṭhā kantā manāpā piyarūpā kāmūpasañhitā rajanīyā.
「五种眼识所识之色,是可喜的、可爱的、合意的、可爱形色的、伴随着欲的、能引起染的;耳识所识之声……鼻识所识之香……舌识所识之味……身识所识之触,是可喜的、可爱的、合意的、可爱形色的、伴随着欲的、能引起染的。
‘‘Pañca nirayo, tiracchānayoni, pettivisayo, manussā, devā.
「五种:地狱、畜生界、饿鬼界、人、天。
‘‘Pañca āvāsamacchariyaṃ, kulamacchariyaṃ, lābhamacchariyaṃ, vaṇṇamacchariyaṃ, dhammamacchariyaṃ.
「五种:住所悭、家悭、利得悭、称赞悭、法悭。
‘‘Pañca kāmacchandanīvaraṇaṃ, byāpādanīvaraṇaṃ, thinamiddhanīvaraṇaṃ, uddhaccakukkuccanīvaraṇaṃ, vicikicchānīvaraṇaṃ.
「五种:欲欲盖、嗔恨盖、昏沉睡眠盖、掉举追悔盖、疑盖。
‘‘Pañca sakkāyadiṭṭhi, vicikicchā, sīlabbataparāmāso, kāmacchando, byāpādo.
「五种:有身见、疑、戒禁取、欲欲、嗔恨。
‘‘Pañca rūparāgo, arūparāgo, māno, uddhaccaṃ, avijjā.
「五者:色贪、无色贪、慢、掉举、无明。
‘‘Pañca pāṇātipātā veramaṇī, adinnādānā veramaṇī, kāmesumicchācārā veramaṇī, musāvādā veramaṇī, surāmerayamajjappamādaṭṭhānā veramaṇī.
「五者:离杀生、离不与取、离欲邪行、离妄语、离放逸之因的诸酒类。
§316
‘‘Pañca Abhabbo, āvuso, khīṇāsavo bhikkhu sañcicca pāṇaṃ jīvitā voropetuṃ. Abhabbo khīṇāsavo bhikkhu adinnaṃ theyyasaṅkhātaṃ ādiyituṃ . Abhabbo khīṇāsavo bhikkhu methunaṃ dhammaṃ paṭisevituṃ. Abhabbo khīṇāsavo bhikkhu sampajānamusā bhāsituṃ. Abhabbo khīṇāsavo bhikkhu sannidhikārakaṃ kāme paribhuñjituṃ, seyyathāpi pubbe āgārikabhūto.
「五者:贤友,漏尽比库须跋故意夺取生命。漏尽比库须跋以盗心取不与之物。漏尽比库须跋行淫法。漏尽比库须跋正知而说妄语。漏尽比库须跋如以前在家时那样储藏而享用诸欲。
‘‘Pañca ñātibyasanaṃ, bhogabyasanaṃ, rogabyasanaṃ, sīlabyasanaṃ, diṭṭhibyasanaṃ. Nāvuso, sattā ñātibyasanahetu vā bhogabyasanahetu vā rogabyasanahetu vā kāyassa bhedā paraṃ maraṇā apāyaṃ duggatiṃ vinipātaṃ nirayaṃ upapajjanti. Sīlabyasanahetu vā, āvuso, sattā diṭṭhibyasanahetu vā kāyassa bhedā paraṃ maraṇā apāyaṃ duggatiṃ vinipātaṃ nirayaṃ upapajjanti.
「五者:亲族之难、财富之难、疾病之难、戒之难、见之难。贤友,诸有情不会因亲族之难或因财富之难或因疾病之难,于身坏命终后投生到苦界、恶趣、堕处、地狱。贤友,诸有情因戒之难或因见之难,于身坏命终后投生到苦界、恶趣、堕处、地狱。
‘‘Pañca ñātisampadā, bhogasampadā, ārogyasampadā, sīlasampadā, diṭṭhisampadā. Nāvuso, sattā ñātisampadāhetu vā bhogasampadāhetu vā ārogyasampadāhetu vā kāyassa bhedā paraṃ maraṇā sugatiṃ saggaṃ lokaṃ upapajjanti. Sīlasampadāhetu vā, āvuso, sattā diṭṭhisampadāhetu vā kāyassa bhedā paraṃ maraṇā sugatiṃ saggaṃ lokaṃ upapajjanti.
「五者:亲族之成就、财富之成就、健康之成就、戒之成就、见之成就。贤友,诸有情不会因亲族之成就或因财富之成就或因健康之成就,于身坏命终后投生到善趣、天界。贤友,诸有情因戒之成就或因见之成就,于身坏命终后投生到善趣、天界。
‘‘Pañca Idhāvuso , dussīlo sīlavipanno pamādādhikaraṇaṃ mahatiṃ bhogajāniṃ nigacchati, ayaṃ paṭhamo ādīnavo dussīlassa sīlavipattiyā. Puna caparaṃ, āvuso, dussīlassa sīlavipannassa pāpako kittisaddo abbhuggacchati, ayaṃ dutiyo ādīnavo dussīlassa sīlavipattiyā. Puna caparaṃ, āvuso, dussīlo sīlavipanno yaññadeva parisaṃ upasaṅkamati yadi khattiyaparisaṃ yadi brāhmaṇaparisaṃ yadi gahapatiparisaṃ yadi samaṇaparisaṃ, avisārado upasaṅkamati maṅkubhūto, ayaṃ tatiyo ādīnavo dussīlassa sīlavipattiyā. Puna caparaṃ, āvuso, dussīlo sīlavipanno sammūḷho kālaṃ karoti, ayaṃ catuttho ādīnavo dussīlassa sīlavipattiyā. Puna caparaṃ, āvuso, dussīlo sīlavipanno kāyassa bhedā paraṃ maraṇā apāyaṃ duggatiṃ vinipātaṃ nirayaṃ upapajjati, ayaṃ pañcamo ādīnavo dussīlassa sīlavipattiyā.
「五者:贤友,于此,破戒、戒坏者因放逸之缘而遭受大财富之损失,这是破戒者、戒坏者的第一种过患。再者,贤友,破戒、戒坏者恶名声传扬,这是破戒者、戒坏者的第二种过患。再者,贤友,破戒、戒坏者无论去到任何集会,或刹帝利集会、或婆罗门集会、或居士集会、或沙门集会,都无信心地前往,羞愧地,这是破戒者、戒坏者的第三种过患。再者,贤友,破戒、戒坏者迷乱而死,这是破戒者、戒坏者的第四种过患。再者,贤友,破戒、戒坏者于身坏命终后投生到苦界、恶趣、堕处、地狱,这是破戒者、戒坏者的第五种过患。
‘‘Pañca Idhāvuso, sīlavā sīlasampanno appamādādhikaraṇaṃ mahantaṃ bhogakkhandhaṃ adhigacchati, ayaṃ paṭhamo ānisaṃso sīlavato sīlasampadāya. Puna caparaṃ, āvuso, sīlavato sīlasampannassa kalyāṇo kittisaddo abbhuggacchati, ayaṃ dutiyo ānisaṃso sīlavato sīlasampadāya. Puna caparaṃ, āvuso, sīlavā sīlasampanno yaññadeva parisaṃ upasaṅkamati yadi khattiyaparisaṃ yadi brāhmaṇaparisaṃ yadi gahapatiparisaṃ yadi samaṇaparisaṃ, visārado upasaṅkamati amaṅkubhūto, ayaṃ tatiyo ānisaṃso sīlavato sīlasampadāya. Puna caparaṃ, āvuso, sīlavā sīlasampanno asammūḷho kālaṃ karoti, ayaṃ catuttho ānisaṃso sīlavato sīlasampadāya. Puna caparaṃ, āvuso, sīlavā sīlasampanno kāyassa bhedā paraṃ maraṇā sugatiṃ saggaṃ lokaṃ upapajjati, ayaṃ pañcamo ānisaṃso sīlavato sīlasampadāya.
「五者:贤友,于此,持戒、戒具足者因不放逸之缘而获得大财富聚,这是持戒者、戒具足者的第一种利益。再者,贤友,持戒、戒具足者善名声传扬,这是持戒者、戒具足者的第二种利益。再者,贤友,持戒、戒具足者无论去到任何集会,或刹帝利集会、或婆罗门集会、或居士集会、或沙门集会,都有信心地前往,不羞愧地,这是持戒者、戒具足者的第三种利益。再者,贤友,持戒、戒具足者不迷乱而死,这是持戒者、戒具足者的第四种利益。再者,贤友,持戒、戒具足者于身坏命终后投生到善趣、天界,这是持戒者、戒具足者的第五种利益。
‘‘Codakena , āvuso, bhikkhunā paraṃ codetukāmena pañca dhamme ajjhattaṃ upaṭṭhapetvā paro codetabbo. Kālena vakkhāmi no akālena, bhūtena vakkhāmi no abhūtena, saṇhena vakkhāmi no pharusena, atthasaṃhitena vakkhāmi no anatthasaṃhitena, mettacittena vakkhāmi no dosantarenāti. Codakena, āvuso, bhikkhunā paraṃ codetukāmena ime pañca dhamme ajjhattaṃ upaṭṭhapetvā paro codetabbo.
「贤友,欲呵责他人的呵责者比库,在内确立五法后应呵责他人:『我将适时而说,不非时;我将真实而说,不虚妄;我将柔和而说,不粗恶;我将有益而说,不无益;我将以慈心而说,不怀嗔恨。』贤友,欲呵责他人的呵责者比库,在内确立这五法后应呵责他人。
§317
‘‘Pañca Idhāvuso, bhikkhu saddho hoti, saddahati tathāgatassa bodhiṃ – ‘itipi so bhagavā arahaṃ sammāsambuddho vijjācaraṇasampanno sugato, lokavidū anuttaro purisadammasārathi satthā devamanussānaṃ buddho bhagavā’ti. Appābādho hoti appātaṅko, samavepākiniyā gahaṇiyā samannāgato nātisītāya nāccuṇhāya majjhimāya padhānakkhamāya. Asaṭho hoti amāyāvī, yathābhūtaṃ attānaṃ āvikattā satthari vā viññūsu vā sabrahmacārīsu. Āraddhavīriyo viharati akusalānaṃ dhammānaṃ pahānāya kusalānaṃ dhammānaṃ upasampadāya thāmavā daḷhaparakkamo anikkhittadhuro kusalesu dhammesu. Paññavā hoti udayatthagāminiyā paññāya samannāgato ariyāya nibbedhikāya sammādukkhakkhayagāminiyā.
「贤友们!这里,比库有信,信如来的觉悟——『如是,彼世尊是阿拉汉、正等正觉者、明行具足者、善至者、世间解者、无上调御丈夫者、天人师、佛陀、世尊』。少病、少恼,具备不太冷不太热、中等的、堪能精勤的消化力。不虚伪、不欺诈,如实地向导师或诸有智的同梵行者显示自己。住于已发精进,为了断除不善法、为了具足善法,努力、坚固勇猛,于诸善法不舍弃责任。有慧,具备导向生灭的慧,具备圣者的、洞察的、导向正确灭尽苦的慧。」
§318
‘‘Pañca avihā, atappā, sudassā, sudassī, akaniṭṭhā.
「五种:无烦天、无热天、善现天、善见天、阿咖尼吒天。」
‘‘Pañca antarāparinibbāyī, upahaccaparinibbāyī, asaṅkhāraparinibbāyī, sasaṅkhāraparinibbāyī, uddhaṃsotoakaniṭṭhagāmī.
「五种:中般涅槃者、生般涅槃者、无行般涅槃者、有行般涅槃者、上流至阿咖尼吒者。」
§319
‘‘Pañca Idhāvuso, bhikkhu satthari kaṅkhati vicikicchati nādhimuccati na sampasīdati. Yo so, āvuso, bhikkhu satthari kaṅkhati vicikicchati nādhimuccati na sampasīdati, tassa cittaṃ na namati ātappāya anuyogāya sātaccāya padhānāya, yassa cittaṃ na namati ātappāya anuyogāya sātaccāya padhānāya, ayaṃ paṭhamo cetokhilo. Puna caparaṃ, āvuso, bhikkhu dhamme kaṅkhati vicikicchati…pe… saṅghe kaṅkhati vicikicchati… sikkhāya kaṅkhati vicikicchati… sabrahmacārīsu kupito hoti anattamano āhatacitto khilajāto. Yo so, āvuso, bhikkhu sabrahmacārīsu kupito hoti anattamano āhatacitto khilajāto, tassa cittaṃ na namati ātappāya anuyogāya sātaccāya padhānāya, yassa cittaṃ na namati ātappāya anuyogāya sātaccāya padhānāya, ayaṃ pañcamo cetokhilo.
「贤友们!这里,比库对导师疑惑、犹豫、不确信、须跋信。贤友们!凡比库对导师疑惑、犹豫、不确信、须跋信者,其心不倾向于热诚、专修、持续、精勤,凡其心不倾向于热诚、专修、持续、精勤者,这是第一心栽。再者,贤友们!比库对法疑惑、犹豫……对僧团疑惑、犹豫……对学疑惑、犹豫……对同梵行者恼怒、不满、心受伤害、生起心栽。贤友们!凡比库对同梵行者恼怒、不满、心受伤害、生起心栽者,其心不倾向于热诚、专修、持续、精勤,凡其心不倾向于热诚、专修、持续、精勤者,这是第五心栽。」
§320
‘‘Pañca Idhāvuso, bhikkhu kāmesu avītarāgo hoti avigatacchando avigatapemo avigatapipāso avigatapariḷāho avigatataṇho. Yo so, āvuso, bhikkhu kāmesu avītarāgo hoti avigatacchando avigatapemo avigatapipāso avigatapariḷāho avigatataṇho, tassa cittaṃ na namati ātappāya anuyogāya sātaccāya padhānāya. Yassa cittaṃ na namati ātappāya anuyogāya sātaccāya padhānāya. Ayaṃ paṭhamo cetaso vinibandho. Puna caparaṃ, āvuso, bhikkhu kāye avītarāgo hoti…pe… rūpe avītarāgo hoti…pe… puna caparaṃ, āvuso, bhikkhu yāvadatthaṃ udarāvadehakaṃ bhuñjitvā seyyasukhaṃ passasukhaṃ middhasukhaṃ anuyutto viharati…pe… puna caparaṃ, āvuso, bhikkhu aññataraṃ devanikāyaṃ paṇidhāya brahmacariyaṃ carati – ‘imināhaṃ sīlena vā vatena vā tapena vā brahmacariyena vā devo vā bhavissāmi devaññataro vā’ti. Yo so, āvuso, bhikkhu aññataraṃ devanikāyaṃ paṇidhāya brahmacariyaṃ carati – ‘imināhaṃ sīlena vā vatena vā tapena vā brahmacariyena vā devo vā bhavissāmi devaññataro vā’ti, tassa cittaṃ na namati ātappāya anuyogāya sātaccāya padhānāya. Yassa cittaṃ na namati ātappāya anuyogāya sātaccāya padhānāya. Ayaṃ pañcamo cetaso vinibandho.
「贤友们!这里,比库对诸欲未离贪、未离欲、未离爱、未离渴、未离热恼、未离渴爱。贤友们!凡比库对诸欲未离贪、未离欲、未离爱、未离渴、未离热恼、未离渴爱者,其心不倾向于热诚、专修、持续、精勤。凡其心不倾向于热诚、专修、持续、精勤者,这是第一心缚。再者,贤友们!比库对身未离贪……对色未离贪……再者,贤友们!比库食用腹部所需的食物后,耽于卧乐、躺卧乐、睡眠乐而住……再者,贤友们!比库期望某天众而行梵行——『我以此戒或誓或苦行或梵行,将成为天或某天』。贤友们!凡比库期望某天众而行梵行——『我以此戒或誓或苦行或梵行,将成为天或某天』者,其心不倾向于热诚、专修、持续、精勤。凡其心不倾向于热诚、专修、持续、精勤者,这是第五心缚。」
cakkhundriyaṃ, sotindriyaṃ, ghānindriyaṃ, jivhindriyaṃ, kāyindriyaṃ.
眼根、耳根、鼻根、舌根、身根。
‘‘Aparānipi sukhindriyaṃ, dukkhindriyaṃ, somanassindriyaṃ, domanassindriyaṃ, upekkhindriyaṃ.
「另外五种:乐根、苦根、喜根、忧根、舍根。」
‘‘Aparānipi saddhindriyaṃ, vīriyindriyaṃ, satindriyaṃ, samādhindriyaṃ, paññindriyaṃ.
「另外五种:信根、精进根、念根、定根、慧根。」
§321
‘‘Pañca Idhāvuso, bhikkhuno kāme manasikaroto kāmesu cittaṃ na pakkhandati na pasīdati na santiṭṭhati na vimuccati. Nekkhammaṃ kho panassa manasikaroto nekkhamme cittaṃ pakkhandati pasīdati santiṭṭhati vimuccati. Tassa taṃ cittaṃ sugataṃ subhāvitaṃ suvuṭṭhitaṃ suvimuttaṃ visaṃyuttaṃ kāmehi. Ye ca kāmapaccayā uppajjanti āsavā vighātā pariḷāhā , mutto so tehi, na so taṃ vedanaṃ vedeti. Idamakkhātaṃ kāmānaṃ nissaraṇaṃ.
「贤友们!此处,当比库作意诸欲时,心对诸欲不前进、须跋信、不住立、不解脱。然而当他作意出离时,心对出离前进、净信、住立、解脱。他的那个心善去、善修习、善上升、善解脱、离系于诸欲。凡缘诸欲而生起的诸漏、诸恼害、诸热恼,他从那些解脱,他不感受那个受。这被称为诸欲的出离。」
‘‘Puna caparaṃ, āvuso, bhikkhuno byāpādaṃ manasikaroto byāpāde cittaṃ na pakkhandati na pasīdati na santiṭṭhati na vimuccati. Abyāpādaṃ kho panassa manasikaroto abyāpāde cittaṃ pakkhandati pasīdati santiṭṭhati vimuccati. Tassa taṃ cittaṃ sugataṃ subhāvitaṃ suvuṭṭhitaṃ suvimuttaṃ visaṃyuttaṃ byāpādena. Ye ca byāpādapaccayā uppajjanti āsavā vighātā pariḷāhā, mutto so tehi, na so taṃ vedanaṃ vedeti. Idamakkhātaṃ byāpādassa nissaraṇaṃ.
「再者,贤友们!当比库作意嗔恨时,心对嗔恨不前进、须跋信、不住立、不解脱。然而当他作意无嗔时,心对无嗔前进、净信、住立、解脱。他的那个心善去、善修习、善上升、善解脱、离系于嗔恨。凡缘嗔恨而生起的诸漏、诸恼害、诸热恼,他从那些解脱,他不感受那个受。这被称为嗔恨的出离。」
‘‘Puna caparaṃ, āvuso, bhikkhuno vihesaṃ manasikaroto vihesāya cittaṃ na pakkhandati na pasīdati na santiṭṭhati na vimuccati. Avihesaṃ kho panassa manasikaroto avihesāya cittaṃ pakkhandati pasīdati santiṭṭhati vimuccati. Tassa taṃ cittaṃ sugataṃ subhāvitaṃ suvuṭṭhitaṃ suvimuttaṃ visaṃyuttaṃ vihesāya. Ye ca vihesāpaccayā uppajjanti āsavā vighātā pariḷāhā, mutto so tehi, na so taṃ vedanaṃ vedeti. Idamakkhātaṃ vihesāya nissaraṇaṃ.
「再者,贤友们!当比库作意恼害时,心对恼害不前进、须跋信、不住立、不解脱。然而当他作意无恼害时,心对无恼害前进、净信、住立、解脱。他的那个心善去、善修习、善上升、善解脱、离系于恼害。凡缘恼害而生起的诸漏、诸恼害、诸热恼,他从那些解脱,他不感受那个受。这被称为恼害的出离。」
‘‘Puna caparaṃ, āvuso, bhikkhuno rūpe manasikaroto rūpesu cittaṃ na pakkhandati na pasīdati na santiṭṭhati na vimuccati. Arūpaṃ kho panassa manasikaroto arūpe cittaṃ pakkhandati pasīdati santiṭṭhati vimuccati. Tassa taṃ cittaṃ sugataṃ subhāvitaṃ suvuṭṭhitaṃ suvimuttaṃ visaṃyuttaṃ rūpehi. Ye ca rūpapaccayā uppajjanti āsavā vighātā pariḷāhā, mutto so tehi, na so taṃ vedanaṃ vedeti. Idamakkhātaṃ rūpānaṃ nissaraṇaṃ.
「再者,贤友们!当比库作意诸色时,心对诸色不前进、须跋信、不住立、不解脱。然而当他作意无色时,心对无色前进、净信、住立、解脱。他的那个心善去、善修习、善上升、善解脱、离系于诸色。凡缘诸色而生起的诸漏、诸恼害、诸热恼,他从那些解脱,他不感受那个受。这被称为诸色的出离。」
‘‘Puna caparaṃ, āvuso, bhikkhuno sakkāyaṃ manasikaroto sakkāye cittaṃ na pakkhandati na pasīdati na santiṭṭhati na vimuccati. Sakkāyanirodhaṃ kho panassa manasikaroto sakkāyanirodhe cittaṃ pakkhandati pasīdati santiṭṭhati vimuccati. Tassa taṃ cittaṃ sugataṃ subhāvitaṃ suvuṭṭhitaṃ suvimuttaṃ visaṃyuttaṃ sakkāyena. Ye ca sakkāyapaccayā uppajjanti āsavā vighātā pariḷāhā, mutto so tehi, na so taṃ vedanaṃ vedeti. Idamakkhātaṃ sakkāyassa nissaraṇaṃ.
「再者,贤友们!当比库作意有身时,心对有身不前进、须跋信、不住立、不解脱。然而当他作意有身灭时,心对有身灭前进、净信、住立、解脱。他的那个心善去、善修习、善上升、善解脱、离系于有身。凡缘有身而生起的诸漏、诸恼害、诸热恼,他从那些解脱,他不感受那个受。这被称为有身的出离。」
§322
‘‘Pañca Idhāvuso, bhikkhuno satthā dhammaṃ deseti aññataro vā garuṭṭhāniyo sabrahmacārī. Yathā yathā, āvuso, bhikkhuno satthā dhammaṃ deseti aññataro vā garuṭṭhāniyo sabrahmacārī . Tathā tathā so tasmiṃ dhamme atthapaṭisaṃvedī ca hoti dhammapaṭisaṃvedī ca. Tassa atthapaṭisaṃvedino dhammapaṭisaṃvedino pāmojjaṃ jāyati, pamuditassa pīti jāyati, pītimanassa kāyo passambhati, passaddhakāyo sukhaṃ vedeti, sukhino cittaṃ samādhiyati. Idaṃ paṭhamaṃ vimuttāyatanaṃ.
「贤友们!此处,导师为比库说法,或某位值得尊敬的同梵行者为比库说法。贤友们!当导师为比库说法,或某位值得尊敬的同梵行者为比库说法时,他如其所说,对那个法既体验义,也体验法。当他体验义、体验法时,欣悦生起;当欣悦时,喜生起;当意喜时,身轻安;身轻安者感受乐;乐者心得定。这是第一解脱处。」
‘‘Puna caparaṃ, āvuso, bhikkhuno na heva kho satthā dhammaṃ deseti aññataro vā garuṭṭhāniyo sabrahmacārī, api ca kho yathāsutaṃ yathāpariyattaṃ dhammaṃ vitthārena paresaṃ deseti…pe… api ca kho yathāsutaṃ yathāpariyattaṃ dhammaṃ vitthārena sajjhāyaṃ karoti…pe… api ca kho yathāsutaṃ yathāpariyattaṃ dhammaṃ cetasā anuvitakketi anuvicāreti manasānupekkhati…pe… api ca khvassa aññataraṃ samādhinimittaṃ suggahitaṃ hoti sumanasikataṃ sūpadhāritaṃ suppaṭividdhaṃ paññāya. Yathā yathā, āvuso, bhikkhuno aññataraṃ samādhinimittaṃ suggahitaṃ hoti sumanasikataṃ sūpadhāritaṃ suppaṭividdhaṃ paññāya tathā tathā so tasmiṃ dhamme atthapaṭisaṃvedī ca hoti dhammapaṭisaṃvedī ca. Tassa atthapaṭisaṃvedino dhammapaṭisaṃvedino pāmojjaṃ jāyati, pamuditassa pīti jāyati, pītimanassa kāyo passambhati, passaddhakāyo sukhaṃ vedeti , sukhino cittaṃ samādhiyati. Idaṃ pañcamaṃ vimuttāyatanaṃ.
「再者,贤友们!导师不为比库说法,某位值得尊敬的同梵行者也不为比库说法,然而他如所闻、如所学,详细地为他人说法……(中略)……然而他如所闻、如所学,详细地诵习法……(中略)……然而他如所闻、如所学,以心思惟法、伺察法、以意观察法……(中略)……然而他的某个定相被善取、善作意、善持、以慧善通达。贤友们!当比库的某个定相被善取、善作意、善持、以慧善通达时,他如其所说,对那个法既体验义,也体验法。当他体验义、体验法时,欣悦生起;当欣悦时,喜生起;当意喜时,身轻安;身轻安者感受乐;乐者心得定。这是第五解脱处。」
‘‘Pañca aniccasaññā, anicce dukkhasaññā, dukkhe anattasaññā, pahānasaññā, virāgasaññā.
「无常想、于无常中苦想、于苦中无我想、断想、离贪想。」
‘‘Ime kho, āvuso, tena bhagavatā jānatā passatā arahatā sammāsambuddhena pañca dhammā sammadakkhātā; tattha sabbeheva saṅgāyitabbaṃ…pe… atthāya hitāya sukhāya devamanussānaṃ .
「诸贤友,彼世尊、知者、见者、阿拉汉、正等正觉者已正确宣说此五法;在此,一切人应当共诵……(中略)……为了天人的义利、利益、安乐。
Chakkaṃ六法
§323
‘‘Atthi kho, āvuso, tena bhagavatā jānatā passatā arahatā sammāsambuddhena cha dhammā sammadakkhātā; tattha sabbeheva saṅgāyitabbaṃ…pe… atthāya hitāya sukhāya devamanussānaṃ. Katame cha?
「诸贤友,彼世尊、知者、见者、阿拉汉、正等正觉者已正确宣说六法;在此,一切人应当共诵……(中略)……为了天人的义利、利益、安乐。哪六种?
‘‘Cha cakkhāyatanaṃ, sotāyatanaṃ, ghānāyatanaṃ, jivhāyatanaṃ, kāyāyatanaṃ, manāyatanaṃ.
「六:眼处、耳处、鼻处、舌处、身处、意处。
‘‘Cha rūpāyatanaṃ, saddāyatanaṃ, gandhāyatanaṃ, rasāyatanaṃ, phoṭṭhabbāyatanaṃ, dhammāyatanaṃ.
「六:色处、声处、香处、味处、触处、法处。
‘‘Cha cakkhuviññāṇaṃ, sotaviññāṇaṃ, ghānaviññāṇaṃ, jivhāviññāṇaṃ, kāyaviññāṇaṃ, manoviññāṇaṃ.
「六:眼识、耳识、鼻识、舌识、身识、意识。
‘‘Cha cakkhusamphasso, sotasamphasso, ghānasamphasso, jivhāsamphasso, kāyasamphasso, manosamphasso.
「六:眼触、耳触、鼻触、舌触、身触、意触。
‘‘Cha cakkhusamphassajā vedanā, sotasamphassajā vedanā, ghānasamphassajā vedanā, jivhāsamphassajā vedanā, kāyasamphassajā vedanā, manosamphassajā vedanā.
「六:眼触所生受、耳触所生受、鼻触所生受、舌触所生受、身触所生受、意触所生受。
‘‘Cha rūpasaññā, saddasaññā, gandhasaññā, rasasaññā, phoṭṭhabbasaññā, dhammasaññā.
「六:色想、声想、香想、味想、触想、法想。
‘‘Cha rūpasañcetanā, saddasañcetanā, gandhasañcetanā, rasasañcetanā, phoṭṭhabbasañcetanā, dhammasañcetanā.
「六色思、声思、香思、味思、触思、法思。
‘‘Cha rūpataṇhā, saddataṇhā, gandhataṇhā, rasataṇhā, phoṭṭhabbataṇhā, dhammataṇhā.
「六色渴爱、声渴爱、香渴爱、味渴爱、触渴爱、法渴爱。
§324
‘‘Cha Idhāvuso, bhikkhu satthari agāravo viharati appatisso; dhamme agāravo viharati appatisso; saṅghe agāravo viharati appatisso; sikkhāya agāravo viharati appatisso; appamāde agāravo viharati appatisso; paṭisanthāre agāravo viharati appatisso.
「六 诸贤,于此,比库对导师住于无恭敬、无尊重;对法住于无恭敬、无尊重;对僧团住于无恭敬、无尊重;对学住于无恭敬、无尊重;对不放逸住于无恭敬、无尊重;对好客住于无恭敬、无尊重。
‘‘Cha Idhāvuso, bhikkhu satthari sagāravo viharati sappatisso; dhamme sagāravo viharati sappatisso; saṅghe sagāravo viharati sappatisso; sikkhāya sagāravo viharati sappatisso; appamāde sagāravo viharati sappatisso; paṭisanthāre sagāravo viharati sappatisso.
「六 诸贤,于此,比库对导师住于有恭敬、有尊重;对法住于有恭敬、有尊重;对僧团住于有恭敬、有尊重;对学住于有恭敬、有尊重;对不放逸住于有恭敬、有尊重;对好客住于有恭敬、有尊重。
‘‘Cha . Cakkhunā rūpaṃ disvā somanassaṭṭhāniyaṃ rūpaṃ upavicarati; sotena saddaṃ sutvā… ghānena gandhaṃ ghāyitvā… jivhāya rasaṃ sāyitvā… kāyena phoṭṭhabbaṃ phusitvā. Manasā dhammaṃ viññāya somanassaṭṭhāniyaṃ dhammaṃ upavicarati.
「六 以眼见色后,寻求喜处之色;以耳闻声后……以鼻嗅香后……以舌尝味后……以身触触后。以意识知法后,寻求喜处之法。
‘‘Cha Cakkhunā rūpaṃ disvā domanassaṭṭhāniyaṃ rūpaṃ upavicarati…pe… manasā dhammaṃ viññāya domanassaṭṭhāniyaṃ dhammaṃ upavicarati.
「六 以眼见色后,寻求忧处之色……乃至……以意识知法后,寻求忧处之法。
‘‘Cha Cakkhunā rūpaṃ disvā upekkhāṭṭhāniyaṃ rūpaṃ upavicarati…pe… manasā dhammaṃ viññāya upekkhāṭṭhāniyaṃ dhammaṃ upavicarati.
「六 以眼见色后,寻求舍处之色……乃至……以意识知法后,寻求舍处之法。
‘‘Cha Idhāvuso, bhikkhuno mettaṃ kāyakammaṃ paccupaṭṭhitaṃ hoti sabrahmacārīsu āvi ceva raho ca. Ayampi dhammo sāraṇīyo piyakaraṇo garukaraṇo saṅgahāya avivādāya sāmaggiyā ekībhāvāya saṃvattati.
「六 诸贤,于此,比库对诸梵行者,无论公开或私下,现起慈爱的身业。此法也是可喜的、可爱的、可尊敬的,导向摄受、无诤、和合、一致。
‘‘Puna caparaṃ, āvuso, bhikkhuno mettaṃ vacīkammaṃ paccupaṭṭhitaṃ hoti sabrahmacārīsu āvi ceva raho ca. Ayampi dhammo sāraṇīyo…pe… ekībhāvāya saṃvattati.
「再者,诸友,比库对同梵行者,无论公开或私下,都现起慈爱的语业。这也是令人可喜之法……导向一致。
‘‘Puna caparaṃ, āvuso, bhikkhuno mettaṃ manokammaṃ paccupaṭṭhitaṃ hoti sabrahmacārīsu āvi ceva raho ca. Ayampi dhammo sāraṇīyo…pe… ekībhāvāya saṃvattati.
「再者,诸友,比库对同梵行者,无论公开或私下,都现起慈爱的意业。这也是令人可喜之法……导向一致。
‘‘Puna caparaṃ, āvuso, bhikkhu ye te lābhā dhammikā dhammaladdhā antamaso pattapariyāpannamattampi, tathārūpehi lābhehi appaṭivibhattabhogī hoti sīlavantehi sabrahmacārīhi sādhāraṇabhogī. Ayampi dhammo sāraṇīyo…pe… ekībhāvāya saṃvattati.
「再者,诸友,比库对于那些如法获得、依法所得的利养,乃至钵中所受之量,对于这样的利养,他不独自享用,而是与具戒的同梵行者共同享用。这也是令人可喜之法……导向一致。
‘‘Puna caparaṃ, āvuso, bhikkhu yāni tāni sīlāni akhaṇḍāni acchiddāni asabalāni akammāsāni bhujissāni viññuppasatthāni aparāmaṭṭhāni samādhisaṃvattanikāni, tathārūpesu sīlesu sīlasāmaññagato viharati sabrahmacārīhi āvi ceva raho ca. Ayampi dhammo sāraṇīyo…pe… ekībhāvāya saṃvattati.
「再者,诸友,比库对于那些无毁、无穿、无斑、无杂、自在、智者所赞、无所触、导向定的诸戒,他与同梵行者,无论公开或私下,都同等具足这样的诸戒而住。这也是令人可喜之法……导向一致。
‘‘Puna caparaṃ, āvuso, bhikkhu yāyaṃ diṭṭhi ariyā niyyānikā niyyāti takkarassa sammā dukkhakkhayāya, tathārūpāya diṭṭhiyā diṭṭhisāmaññagato viharati sabrahmacārīhi āvi ceva raho ca. Ayampi dhammo sāraṇīyo piyakaraṇo garukaraṇo saṅgahāya avivādāya sāmaggiyā ekībhāvāya saṃvattati.
「再者,诸友,比库对于那圣的、出离的、引导如是行者正向苦尽的见,他与同梵行者,无论公开或私下,都同等具足这样的见而住。这也是令人可喜之法、令人尊重之法,导向摄受、无诤、和合、一致。
§325
Cha Idhāvuso, bhikkhu kodhano hoti upanāhī. Yo so, āvuso, bhikkhu kodhano hoti upanāhī, so sattharipi agāravo viharati appatisso, dhammepi agāravo viharati appatisso, saṅghepi agāravo viharati appatisso, sikkhāyapi na paripūrakārī hoti. Yo so, āvuso, bhikkhu satthari agāravo viharati appatisso, dhamme agāravo viharati appatisso, saṅghe agāravo viharati appatisso, sikkhāya na paripūrakārī, so saṅghe vivādaṃ janeti. Yo hoti vivādo bahujanaahitāya bahujanaasukhāya anatthāya ahitāya dukkhāya devamanussānaṃ. Evarūpaṃ ce tumhe, āvuso, vivādamūlaṃ ajjhattaṃ vā bahiddhā vā samanupasseyyātha. Tatra tumhe, āvuso, tasseva pāpakassa vivādamūlassa pahānāya vāyameyyātha. Evarūpaṃ ce tumhe, āvuso, vivādamūlaṃ ajjhattaṃ vā bahiddhā vā na samanupasseyyātha. Tatra tumhe, āvuso, tasseva pāpakassa vivādamūlassa āyatiṃ anavassavāya paṭipajjeyyātha. Evametassa pāpakassa vivādamūlassa pahānaṃ hoti. Evametassa pāpakassa vivādamūlassa āyatiṃ anavassavo hoti.
六 诸友,于此,比库有忿、有恨。诸友,凡是有忿、有恨的比库,他对导师住于无恭敬、无尊重,对法住于无恭敬、无尊重,对僧团住于无恭敬、无尊重,对学处也不圆满履行。诸友,凡是对导师住于无恭敬、无尊重,对法住于无恭敬、无尊重,对僧团住于无恭敬、无尊重,对学处不圆满履行的比库,他在僧团中生起诤论。凡是诤论,是为了众人的无利益、众人的不安乐、无义利、无利益、天人之苦。诸友,如果你们于内或于外见到这样的诤论之根,诸友,于此,你们应当努力断除那恶的诤论之根。诸友,如果你们于内或于外未见到这样的诤论之根,诸友,于此,你们应当实行使那恶的诤论之根未来不再流入。如此是那恶的诤论之根的断除。如此是那恶的诤论之根未来的不再流入。
‘‘Puna caparaṃ, āvuso, bhikkhu makkhī hoti paḷāsī…pe… issukī hoti maccharī…pe… saṭho hoti māyāvī… pāpiccho hoti micchādiṭṭhī… sandiṭṭhiparāmāsī hoti ādhānaggāhī duppaṭinissaggī…pe… yo so, āvuso, bhikkhu sandiṭṭhiparāmāsī hoti ādhānaggāhī duppaṭinissaggī, so sattharipi agāravo viharati appatisso, dhammepi agāravo viharati appatisso, saṅghepi agāravo viharati appatisso, sikkhāyapi na paripūrakārī hoti. Yo so, āvuso, bhikkhu satthari agāravo viharati appatisso, dhamme agāravo viharati appatisso, saṅghe agāravo viharati appatisso , sikkhāya na paripūrakārī, so saṅghe vivādaṃ janeti. Yo hoti vivādo bahujanaahitāya bahujanaasukhāya anatthāya ahitāya dukkhāya devamanussānaṃ. Evarūpaṃ ce tumhe, āvuso, vivādamūlaṃ ajjhattaṃ vā bahiddhā vā samanupasseyyātha. Tatra tumhe, āvuso, tasseva pāpakassa vivādamūlassa pahānāya vāyameyyātha. Evarūpaṃ ce tumhe, āvuso, vivādamūlaṃ ajjhattaṃ vā bahiddhā vā na samanupasseyyātha. Tatra tumhe, āvuso, tasseva pāpakassa vivādamūlassa āyatiṃ anavassavāya paṭipajjeyyātha. Evametassa pāpakassa vivādamūlassa pahānaṃ hoti. Evametassa pāpakassa vivādamūlassa āyatiṃ anavassavo hoti.
「再者,诸友,比库覆藏、诽谤……嫉妒、悭吝……狡诈、虚伪……恶欲、邪见……执取己见、坚持执取、难以舍弃……诸友,凡是执取己见、坚持执取、难以舍弃的比库,他对导师住于无恭敬、无尊重,对法住于无恭敬、无尊重,对僧团住于无恭敬、无尊重,对学处也不圆满履行。诸友,凡是对导师住于无恭敬、无尊重,对法住于无恭敬、无尊重,对僧团住于无恭敬、无尊重,对学处不圆满履行的比库,他在僧团中生起诤论。凡是诤论,是为了众人的无利益、众人的不安乐、无义利、无利益、天人之苦。诸友,如果你们于内或于外见到这样的诤论之根,诸友,于此,你们应当努力断除那恶的诤论之根。诸友,如果你们于内或于外未见到这样的诤论之根,诸友,于此,你们应当实行使那恶的诤论之根未来不再流入。如此是那恶的诤论之根的断除。如此是那恶的诤论之根未来的不再流入。
‘‘Cha – pathavīdhātu, āpodhātu, tejodhātu, vāyodhātu, ākāsadhātu, viññāṇadhātu.
「六——地界、水界、火界、风界、空界、识界。
§326
‘‘Cha Idhāvuso, bhikkhu evaṃ vadeyya – ‘mettā hi kho me cetovimutti bhāvitā bahulīkatā yānīkatā vatthukatā anuṭṭhitā paricitā susamāraddhā, atha ca pana me byāpādo cittaṃ pariyādāya tiṭṭhatī’ti. So ‘mā hevaṃ’, tissa vacanīyo, ‘māyasmā evaṃ avaca, mā bhagavantaṃ abbhācikkhi, na hi sādhu bhagavato abbhakkhānaṃ, na hi bhagavā evaṃ vadeyya. Aṭṭhānametaṃ, āvuso, anavakāso, yaṃ mettāya cetovimuttiyā bhāvitāya bahulīkatāya yānīkatāya vatthukatāya anuṭṭhitāya paricitāya susamāraddhāya. Atha ca panassa byāpādo cittaṃ pariyādāya ṭhassati, netaṃ ṭhānaṃ vijjati. Nissaraṇaṃ hetaṃ, āvuso, byāpādassa, yadidaṃ mettā cetovimuttī’ti.
「贤友们!六。贤友,于此,若比库如此说——『我的慈心解脱已修习、已多修、已作为乘、已作为基础、已确立、已熟练、已善精勤,然而嗔恨仍占据我的心』,应对他如此说:『莫如此,具寿莫如此说,莫诽谤世尊,诽谤世尊实在不善,世尊实在不会如此说。贤友,这是须跋的、无机会的,即慈心解脱已修习、已多修、已作为乘、已作为基础、已确立、已熟练、已善精勤,然而嗔恨仍会占据其心,这是须跋的。贤友,这确实是嗔恨的出离,即慈心解脱』。
‘‘Idha panāvuso, bhikkhu evaṃ vadeyya – ‘karuṇā hi kho me cetovimutti bhāvitā bahulīkatā yānīkatā vatthukatā anuṭṭhitā paricitā susamāraddhā. Atha ca pana me vihesā cittaṃ pariyādāya tiṭṭhatī’ti, so ‘mā hevaṃ’ tissa vacanīyo ‘māyasmā evaṃ avaca, mā bhagavantaṃ abbhācikkhi, na hi sādhu bhagavato abbhakkhānaṃ, na hi bhagavā evaṃ vadeyya. Aṭṭhānametaṃ āvuso, anavakāso, yaṃ karuṇāya cetovimuttiyā bhāvitāya bahulīkatāya yānīkatāya vatthukatāya anuṭṭhitāya paricitāya susamāraddhāya, atha ca panassa vihesā cittaṃ pariyādāya ṭhassati, netaṃ ṭhānaṃ vijjati. Nissaraṇaṃ hetaṃ, āvuso, vihesāya, yadidaṃ karuṇā cetovimuttī’ti.
「贤友,于此,若比库如此说——『我的悲心解脱已修习、已多修、已作为乘、已作为基础、已确立、已熟练、已善精勤,然而恼害仍占据我的心』,应对他如此说:『莫如此,具寿莫如此说,莫诽谤世尊,诽谤世尊实在不善,世尊实在不会如此说。贤友,这是须跋的、无机会的,即悲心解脱已修习、已多修、已作为乘、已作为基础、已确立、已熟练、已善精勤,然而恼害仍会占据其心,这是须跋的。贤友,这确实是恼害的出离,即悲心解脱』。
‘‘Idha panāvuso, bhikkhu evaṃ vadeyya – ‘muditā hi kho me cetovimutti bhāvitā bahulīkatā yānīkatā vatthukatā anuṭṭhitā paricitā susamāraddhā. Atha ca pana me arati cittaṃ pariyādāya tiṭṭhatī’ti, so ‘mā hevaṃ’ tissa vacanīyo ‘‘māyasmā evaṃ avaca, mā bhagavantaṃ abbhācikkhi, na hi sādhu bhagavato abbhakkhānaṃ, na hi bhagavā evaṃ vadeyya. Aṭṭhānametaṃ, āvuso, anavakāso, yaṃ muditāya cetovimuttiyā bhāvitāya bahulīkatāya yānīkatāya vatthukatāya anuṭṭhitāya paricitāya susamāraddhāya, atha ca panassa arati cittaṃ pariyādāya ṭhassati, netaṃ ṭhānaṃ vijjati. Nissaraṇaṃ hetaṃ, āvuso, aratiyā, yadidaṃ muditā cetovimuttī’ti.
「贤友,于此,若比库如此说——『我的喜心解脱已修习、已多修、已作为乘、已作为基础、已确立、已熟练、已善精勤,然而不喜仍占据我的心』,应对他如此说:『莫如此,具寿莫如此说,莫诽谤世尊,诽谤世尊实在不善,世尊实在不会如此说。贤友,这是须跋的、无机会的,即喜心解脱已修习、已多修、已作为乘、已作为基础、已确立、已熟练、已善精勤,然而不喜仍会占据其心,这是须跋的。贤友,这确实是不喜的出离,即喜心解脱』。
‘‘Idha panāvuso, bhikkhu evaṃ vadeyya – ‘upekkhā hi kho me cetovimutti bhāvitā bahulīkatā yānīkatā vatthukatā anuṭṭhitā paricitā susamāraddhā. Atha ca pana me rāgo cittaṃ pariyādāya tiṭṭhatī’ti. So ‘mā hevaṃ’ tissa vacanīyo ‘māyasmā evaṃ avaca, mā bhagavantaṃ abbhācikkhi, na hi sādhu bhagavato abbhakkhānaṃ, na hi bhagavā evaṃ vadeyya. Aṭṭhānametaṃ, āvuso, anavakāso, yaṃ upekkhāya cetovimuttiyā bhāvitāya bahulīkatāya yānīkatāya vatthukatāya anuṭṭhitāya paricitāya susamāraddhāya, atha ca panassa rāgo cittaṃ pariyādāya ṭhassati netaṃ ṭhānaṃ vijjati. Nissaraṇaṃ hetaṃ, āvuso, rāgassa, yadidaṃ upekkhā cetovimuttī’ti.
「贤友,于此,若比库如此说——『我的舍心解脱已修习、已多修、已作为乘、已作为基础、已确立、已熟练、已善精勤,然而贪仍占据我的心』,应对他如此说:『莫如此,具寿莫如此说,莫诽谤世尊,诽谤世尊实在不善,世尊实在不会如此说。贤友,这是须跋的、无机会的,即舍心解脱已修习、已多修、已作为乘、已作为基础、已确立、已熟练、已善精勤,然而贪仍会占据其心,这是须跋的。贤友,这确实是贪的出离,即舍心解脱』。
‘‘Idha panāvuso, bhikkhu evaṃ vadeyya – ‘animittā hi kho me cetovimutti bhāvitā bahulīkatā yānīkatā vatthukatā anuṭṭhitā paricitā susamāraddhā. Atha ca pana me nimittānusāri viññāṇaṃ hotī’ti. So ‘mā hevaṃ’ tissa vacanīyo ‘māyasmā evaṃ avaca, mā bhagavantaṃ abbhācikkhi, na hi sādhu bhagavato abbhakkhānaṃ, na hi bhagavā evaṃ vadeyya. Aṭṭhānametaṃ, āvuso, anavakāso, yaṃ animittāya cetovimuttiyā bhāvitāya bahulīkatāya yānīkatāya vatthukatāya anuṭṭhitāya paricitāya susamāraddhāya, atha ca panassa nimittānusāri viññāṇaṃ bhavissati, netaṃ ṭhānaṃ vijjati. Nissaraṇaṃ hetaṃ, āvuso, sabbanimittānaṃ, yadidaṃ animittā cetovimuttī’ti.
「贤友,于此,若比库如此说——『我的无相心解脱已修习、已多修、已作为乘、已作为基础、已确立、已熟练、已善精勤,然而我的识仍随逐于相』,应对他如此说:『莫如此,具寿莫如此说,莫诽谤世尊,诽谤世尊实在不善,世尊实在不会如此说。贤友,这是须跋的、无机会的,即无相心解脱已修习、已多修、已作为乘、已作为基础、已确立、已熟练、已善精勤,然而其识仍会随逐于相,这是须跋的。贤友,这确实是一切相的出离,即无相心解脱』。
‘‘Idha panāvuso, bhikkhu evaṃ vadeyya – ‘asmīti kho me vigataṃ , ayamahamasmīti na samanupassāmi, atha ca pana me vicikicchākathaṅkathāsallaṃ cittaṃ pariyādāya tiṭṭhatī’ti. So ‘mā hevaṃ’ tissa vacanīyo ‘māyasmā evaṃ avaca, mā bhagavantaṃ abbhācikkhi, na hi sādhu bhagavato abbhakkhānaṃ, na hi bhagavā evaṃ vadeyya. Aṭṭhānametaṃ, āvuso, anavakāso, yaṃ asmīti vigate ayamahamasmīti asamanupassato, atha ca panassa vicikicchākathaṅkathāsallaṃ cittaṃ pariyādāya ṭhassati, netaṃ ṭhānaṃ vijjati. Nissaraṇaṃ hetaṃ, āvuso, vicikicchākathaṅkathāsallassa, yadidaṃ asmimānasamugghāto’ti.
「贤友,于此,若比库如此说——『我已离「我是」,我不随观「这是我所」,然而疑惑、犹豫之箭仍占据我的心』,应对他如此说:『莫如此,具寿莫如此说,莫诽谤世尊,诽谤世尊实在不善,世尊实在不会如此说。贤友,这是须跋的、无机会的,即已离「我是」、不随观「这是我所」,然而疑惑、犹豫之箭仍会占据其心,这是须跋的。贤友,这确实是疑惑、犹豫之箭的出离,即根除我慢』。
§327
‘‘Cha dassanānuttariyaṃ, savanānuttariyaṃ, lābhānuttariyaṃ, sikkhānuttariyaṃ, pāricariyānuttariyaṃ, anussatānuttariyaṃ.
「六无上——见无上、闻无上、利得无上、学无上、奉事无上、随念无上。
‘‘Cha – buddhānussati, dhammānussati, saṅghānussati, sīlānussati, cāgānussati, devatānussati.
「六——念佛、念法、念僧、念戒、念施、念天。
§328
‘‘Cha Idhāvuso, bhikkhu cakkhunā rūpaṃ disvā neva sumano hoti na dummano, upekkhako viharati sato sampajāno. Sotena saddaṃ sutvā…pe… manasā dhammaṃ viññāya neva sumano hoti na dummano, upekkhako viharati sato sampajāno.
「诸贤友,此处,比库以眼见色后,既不喜悦也不忧恼,具念、正知而住于舍。以耳闻声后……(中略)……以意识法后,既不喜悦也不忧恼,具念、正知而住于舍。
§329
Idhāvuso, ekacco kaṇhābhijātiko samāno kaṇhaṃ dhammaṃ abhijāyati. Idha panāvuso, ekacco kaṇhābhijātiko samāno sukkaṃ dhammaṃ abhijāyati. Idha panāvuso, ekacco kaṇhābhijātiko samāno akaṇhaṃ asukkaṃ nibbānaṃ abhijāyati. Idha panāvuso, ekacco sukkābhijātiko samāno sukkaṃ dhammaṃ abhijāyati. Idha panāvuso, ekacco sukkābhijātiko samāno kaṇhaṃ dhammaṃ abhijāyati. Idha panāvuso, ekacco sukkābhijātiko samāno akaṇhaṃ asukkaṃ nibbānaṃ abhijāyati.
诸贤友,此处,某人生于黑者,生起黑法。诸贤友,此处,某人生于黑者,生起白法。诸贤友,此处,某人生于黑者,生起非黑非白的涅槃。诸贤友,此处,某人生于白者,生起白法。诸贤友,此处,某人生于白者,生起黑法。诸贤友,此处,某人生于白者,生起非黑非白的涅槃。
‘‘Cha saññā – aniccasaññā anicce, dukkhasaññā dukkhe, anattasaññā, pahānasaññā, virāgasaññā, nirodhasaññā.
「六想——无常想于无常,苦想于苦,无我想,断想,离贪想,灭想。
‘‘Ime kho, āvuso, tena bhagavatā jānatā passatā arahatā sammāsambuddhena cha dhammā sammadakkhātā; tattha sabbeheva saṅgāyitabbaṃ…pe… atthāya hitāya sukhāya devamanussānaṃ.
「诸贤友,这些六法已被彼世尊、知者、见者、阿拉汉、正等正觉者正确宣说;在此,一切人应共同诵习……(中略)……为了天人的义利、利益、安乐。
Sattakaṃ七法
§330
‘‘Atthi kho, āvuso, tena bhagavatā jānatā passatā arahatā sammāsambuddhena satta dhammā sammadakkhātā; tattha sabbeheva saṅgāyitabbaṃ…pe… atthāya hitāya sukhāya devamanussānaṃ. Katame satta?
「诸贤友,有七法已被彼世尊、知者、见者、阿拉汉、正等正觉者正确宣说;在此,一切人应共同诵习……(中略)……为了天人的义利、利益、安乐。哪七种?
‘‘Satta saddhādhanaṃ, sīladhanaṃ, hiridhanaṃ, ottappadhanaṃ, sutadhanaṃ, cāgadhanaṃ, paññādhanaṃ.
「七财——信财、戒财、惭财、愧财、闻财、施财、慧财。
‘‘Satta satisambojjhaṅgo, dhammavicayasambojjhaṅgo , vīriyasambojjhaṅgo, pītisambojjhaṅgo, passaddhisambojjhaṅgo, samādhisambojjhaṅgo, upekkhāsambojjhaṅgo.
「七觉支——念觉支、择法觉支、精进觉支、喜觉支、轻安觉支、定觉支、舍觉支。
‘‘Satta sammādiṭṭhi, sammāsaṅkappo, sammāvācā, sammākammanto, sammāājīvo, sammāvāyāmo, sammāsati.
「七——正见、正思惟、正语、正业、正命、正精进、正念。
‘‘Satta idhāvuso, bhikkhu assaddho hoti, ahiriko hoti, anottappī hoti, appassuto hoti, kusīto hoti, muṭṭhassati hoti, duppañño hoti.
「贤友们!此处,比库无信、无惭、无愧、少闻、懈怠、失念、劣慧。
‘‘Satta idhāvuso, bhikkhu saddho hoti, hirimā hoti, ottappī hoti, bahussuto hoti, āraddhavīriyo hoti, upaṭṭhitassati hoti, paññavā hoti.
「贤友们!此处,比库有信、有惭、有愧、多闻、精进勤奋、念已现起、有慧。
‘‘Satta idhāvuso, bhikkhu dhammaññū ca hoti atthaññū ca attaññū ca mattaññū ca kālaññū ca parisaññū ca puggalaññū ca.
「贤友们!此处,比库知法、知义、知自己、知量、知时、知众、知人。
§331
‘‘Satta Idhāvuso, bhikkhu sikkhāsamādāne tibbacchando hoti, āyatiñca sikkhāsamādāne avigatapemo. Dhammanisantiyā tibbacchando hoti, āyatiñca dhammanisantiyā avigatapemo. Icchāvinaye tibbacchando hoti, āyatiñca icchāvinaye avigatapemo. Paṭisallāne tibbacchando hoti, āyatiñca paṭisallāne avigatapemo. Vīriyārambhe tibbacchando hoti, āyatiñca vīriyārambhe avigatapemo. Satinepakke tibbacchando hoti, āyatiñca satinepakke avigatapemo . Diṭṭhipaṭivedhe tibbacchando hoti, āyatiñca diṭṭhipaṭivedhe avigatapemo.
「贤友们!此处,比库对受持学处有强烈的欲求,未来对受持学处不离爱。对法的听闻有强烈的欲求,未来对法的听闻不离爱。对调伏诸欲有强烈的欲求,未来对调伏诸欲不离爱。对独坐有强烈的欲求,未来对独坐不离爱。对精进策励有强烈的欲求,未来对精进策励不离爱。对念的成熟有强烈的欲求,未来对念的成熟不离爱。对见的通达有强烈的欲求,未来对见的通达不离爱。
aniccasaññā, anattasaññā, asubhasaññā, ādīnavasaññā, pahānasaññā, virāgasaññā, nirodhasaññā.
无常想、无我想、须跋想、过患想、舍断想、离贪想、灭想。
saddhābalaṃ, vīriyabalaṃ, hiribalaṃ, ottappabalaṃ, satibalaṃ, samādhibalaṃ, paññābalaṃ.
信力、精进力、惭力、愧力、念力、定力、慧力。
§332
‘‘Satta Santāvuso, sattā nānattakāyā nānattasaññino, seyyathāpi manussā ekacce ca devā ekacce ca vinipātikā. Ayaṃ paṭhamā viññāṇaṭṭhiti.
「贤友们!有诸有情异身异想,譬如人类、某些天人、某些堕恶趣者。这是第一识住。
‘‘Santāvuso, sattā nānattakāyā ekattasaññino seyyathāpi devā brahmakāyikā paṭhamābhinibbattā. Ayaṃ dutiyā viññāṇaṭṭhiti.
「贤友们!有诸有情异身一想,譬如梵身天初生者。这是第二识住。
‘‘Santāvuso, sattā ekattakāyā nānattasaññino seyyathāpi devā ābhassarā. Ayaṃ tatiyā viññāṇaṭṭhiti.
「诸贤友,有诸有情是一类身、种种想,譬如光音天。这是第三识住。
‘‘Santāvuso, sattā ekattakāyā ekattasaññino seyyathāpi devā subhakiṇhā. Ayaṃ catutthī viññāṇaṭṭhiti.
「诸贤友,有诸有情是一类身、一类想,譬如遍净天。这是第四识住。
‘‘Santāvuso, sattā sabbaso rūpasaññānaṃ samatikkamā paṭighasaññānaṃ atthaṅgamā nānattasaññānaṃ amanasikārā ‘ananto ākāso’ti ākāsānañcāyatanūpagā. Ayaṃ pañcamī viññāṇaṭṭhiti.
「诸贤友,有诸有情完全超越色想,灭没对碍想,不作意种种想,『虚空是无边的』,到达虚空无边处。这是第五识住。
‘‘Santāvuso, sattā sabbaso ākāsānañcāyatanaṃ samatikkamma ‘anantaṃ viññāṇa’nti viññāṇañcāyatanūpagā. Ayaṃ chaṭṭhī viññāṇaṭṭhiti.
「诸贤友,有诸有情完全超越虚空无边处,『识是无边的』,到达识无边处。这是第六识住。
‘‘Santāvuso , sattā sabbaso viññāṇañcāyatanaṃ samatikkamma ‘natthi kiñcī’ti ākiñcaññāyatanūpagā. Ayaṃ sattamī viññāṇaṭṭhiti.
「诸贤友,有诸有情完全超越识无边处,『什么都没有』,到达无所有处。这是第七识住。
‘‘Satta ubhatobhāgavimutto , paññāvimutto, kāyasakkhi, diṭṭhippatto, saddhāvimutto, dhammānusārī, saddhānusārī.
「七:俱分解脱者、慧解脱者、身证者、见至者、信解脱者、随法行者、随信行者。
‘‘Satta kāmarāgānusayo, paṭighānusayo, diṭṭhānusayo, vicikicchānusayo, mānānusayo, bhavarāgānusayo, avijjānusayo.
「七:欲贪随眠、嗔恚随眠、见随眠、疑随眠、慢随眠、有贪随眠、无明随眠。
‘‘Satta anunayasaññojanaṃ , paṭighasaññojanaṃ, diṭṭhisaññojanaṃ, vicikicchāsaññojanaṃ, mānasaññojanaṃ, bhavarāgasaññojanaṃ, avijjāsaññojanaṃ.
「七:随喜结、嗔恚结、见结、疑结、慢结、有贪结、无明结。
‘‘Satta uppannuppannānaṃ adhikaraṇānaṃ samathāya vūpasamāya sammukhāvinayo dātabbo, sativinayo dātabbo, amūḷhavinayo dātabbo, paṭiññāya kāretabbaṃ, yebhuyyasikā, tassapāpiyasikā, tiṇavatthārako.
「为了平息、止息七种已生起的诤事,应给予现前毗尼,应给予忆念毗尼,应给予不痴毗尼,应令作自认,多数决,罪处所忆念,如草覆地。
‘‘Ime kho, āvuso, tena bhagavatā jānatā passatā arahatā sammāsambuddhena satta dhammā sammadakkhātā; tattha sabbeheva saṅgāyitabbaṃ…pe… atthāya hitāya sukhāya devamanussānaṃ.
「诸具寿,这些是彼世尊、知者、见者、阿拉汉、正等正觉者所正善说的七法;在此,一切人都应合诵……为了天人的利益、福祉、安乐。
Dutiyabhāṇavāro niṭṭhito. · 第二诵品完
Aṭṭhakaṃ八法
§333
‘‘Atthi kho, āvuso, tena bhagavatā jānatā passatā arahatā sammāsambuddhena aṭṭha dhammā sammadakkhātā; tattha sabbeheva saṅgāyitabbaṃ…pe… atthāya hitāya sukhāya devamanussānaṃ. Katame aṭṭha?
「诸具寿,彼世尊、知者、见者、阿拉汉、正等正觉者有正善说的八法;在此,一切人都应合诵……为了天人的利益、福祉、安乐。哪八种?
‘‘Aṭṭha micchādiṭṭhi, micchāsaṅkappo, micchāvācā, micchākammanto, micchāājīvo, micchāvāyāmo micchāsati, micchāsamādhi.
「八种:邪见、邪思惟、邪语、邪业、邪命、邪精进、邪念、邪定。
‘‘Aṭṭha sammādiṭṭhi, sammāsaṅkappo, sammāvācā, sammākammanto, sammāājīvo, sammāvāyāmo, sammāsati, sammāsamādhi.
「八种:正见、正思惟、正语、正业、正命、正精进、正念、正定。
‘‘Aṭṭha sotāpanno, sotāpattiphalasacchikiriyāya paṭipanno; sakadāgāmī, sakadāgāmiphalasacchikiriyāya paṭipanno; anāgāmī, anāgāmiphalasacchikiriyāya paṭipanno; arahā, arahattaphalasacchikiriyāya paṭipanno.
「八种:入流者、为作证入流果而行道者;一来者、为作证一来果而行道者;不来者、为作证不来果而行道者;阿拉汉、为作证阿拉汉果而行道者。
§334
‘‘Aṭṭha Idhāvuso, bhikkhunā kammaṃ kātabbaṃ hoti. Tassa evaṃ hoti – ‘kammaṃ kho me kātabbaṃ bhavissati, kammaṃ kho pana me karontassa kāyo kilamissati, handāhaṃ nipajjāmī’ti! So nipajjati na vīriyaṃ ārabhati appattassa pattiyā anadhigatassa adhigamāya asacchikatassa sacchikiriyāya. Idaṃ paṭhamaṃ kusītavatthu.
「八种:诸具寿,这里,比库有业应作。他如此想:『我将有业应作,然而我作业时身体会疲劳,让我躺下吧!』他躺下,不发起精进以证得未证得者、以获得未获得者、以作证未作证者。这是第一懈怠事。
‘‘Puna caparaṃ, āvuso, bhikkhunā kammaṃ kataṃ hoti. Tassa evaṃ hoti – ‘ahaṃ kho kammaṃ akāsiṃ, kammaṃ kho pana me karontassa kāyo kilanto, handāhaṃ nipajjāmī’ti! So nipajjati na vīriyaṃ ārabhati…pe… idaṃ dutiyaṃ kusītavatthu.
「再者,诸具寿,比库已作了业。他如此想:『我已作了业,然而我作业时身体疲劳了,让我躺下吧!』他躺下,不发起精进……这是第二懈怠事。
‘‘Puna caparaṃ, āvuso, bhikkhunā maggo gantabbo hoti. Tassa evaṃ hoti – ‘maggo kho me gantabbo bhavissati, maggaṃ kho pana me gacchantassa kāyo kilamissati, handāhaṃ nipajjāmī’ti! So nipajjati na vīriyaṃ ārabhati… idaṃ tatiyaṃ kusītavatthu.
「再者,诸友,比库应当行路。他如此想:『我将应当行路,然而我行路时身体将会疲劳,让我躺下吧!』他躺下,不发起精进……这是第三种懈怠事。
‘‘Puna caparaṃ, āvuso, bhikkhunā maggo gato hoti. Tassa evaṃ hoti – ‘ahaṃ kho maggaṃ agamāsiṃ, maggaṃ kho pana me gacchantassa kāyo kilanto, handāhaṃ nipajjāmī’ti! So nipajjati na vīriyaṃ ārabhati… idaṃ catutthaṃ kusītavatthu.
「再者,诸友,比库已行路。他如此想:『我已行路,然而我行路时身体疲劳了,让我躺下吧!』他躺下,不发起精进……这是第四种懈怠事。
‘‘Puna caparaṃ, āvuso, bhikkhu gāmaṃ vā nigamaṃ vā piṇḍāya caranto na labhati lūkhassa vā paṇītassa vā bhojanassa yāvadatthaṃ pāripūriṃ. Tassa evaṃ hoti – ‘ahaṃ kho gāmaṃ vā nigamaṃ vā piṇḍāya caranto nālatthaṃ lūkhassa vā paṇītassa vā bhojanassa yāvadatthaṃ pāripūriṃ, tassa me kāyo kilanto akammañño, handāhaṃ nipajjāmī’ti! So nipajjati na vīriyaṃ ārabhati… idaṃ pañcamaṃ kusītavatthu.
「再者,诸友,比库往村或镇行乞食,未得到粗或细的食物足够的满足。他如此想:『我往村或镇行乞食,未得到粗或细的食物足够的满足,我的身体疲劳、不适于工作,让我躺下吧!』他躺下,不发起精进……这是第五种懈怠事。
‘‘Puna caparaṃ, āvuso, bhikkhu gāmaṃ vā nigamaṃ vā piṇḍāya caranto labhati lūkhassa vā paṇītassa vā bhojanassa yāvadatthaṃ pāripūriṃ. Tassa evaṃ hoti – ‘ahaṃ kho gāmaṃ vā nigamaṃ vā piṇḍāya caranto alatthaṃ lūkhassa vā paṇītassa vā bhojanassa yāvadatthaṃ pāripūriṃ, tassa me kāyo garuko akammañño, māsācitaṃ maññe , handāhaṃ nipajjāmī’ti! So nipajjati na vīriyaṃ ārabhati… idaṃ chaṭṭhaṃ kusītavatthu.
「再者,诸友,比库往村或镇行乞食,得到粗或细的食物足够的满足。他如此想:『我往村或镇行乞食,得到粗或细的食物足够的满足,我的身体沉重、不适于工作,如同吃了豆子一般,让我躺下吧!』他躺下,不发起精进……这是第六种懈怠事。
‘‘Puna caparaṃ, āvuso, bhikkhuno uppanno hoti appamattako ābādho. Tassa evaṃ hoti – ‘uppanno kho me ayaṃ appamattako ābādho; atthi kappo nipajjituṃ, handāhaṃ nipajjāmī’ti! So nipajjati na vīriyaṃ ārabhati… idaṃ sattamaṃ kusītavatthu.
「再者,诸友,比库生起了些微的疾病。他如此想:『我生起了这些微的疾病;有躺下的适当时机,让我躺下吧!』他躺下,不发起精进……这是第七种懈怠事。
‘‘Puna caparaṃ, āvuso, bhikkhu gilānā vuṭṭhito hoti aciravuṭṭhito gelaññā. Tassa evaṃ hoti – ‘ahaṃ kho gilānā vuṭṭhito aciravuṭṭhito gelaññā, tassa me kāyo dubbalo akammañño, handāhaṃ nipajjāmī’ti! So nipajjati na vīriyaṃ ārabhati appattassa pattiyā anadhigatassa adhigamāya asacchikatassa sacchikiriyāya. Idaṃ aṭṭhamaṃ kusītavatthu.
「再者,诸友,比库从病中痊愈,刚从疾病中痊愈。他如此想:『我从病中痊愈,刚从疾病中痊愈,我的身体虚弱、不适于工作,让我躺下吧!』他躺下,不发起精进,为了未得者之得、未达者之达、未证者之证。这是第八种懈怠事。
§335
‘‘Aṭṭha Idhāvuso, bhikkhunā kammaṃ kātabbaṃ hoti. Tassa evaṃ hoti – ‘kammaṃ kho me kātabbaṃ bhavissati, kammaṃ kho pana me karontena na sukaraṃ buddhānaṃ sāsanaṃ manasi kātuṃ, handāhaṃ vīriyaṃ ārabhāmi appattassa pattiyā anadhigatassa adhigamāya, asacchikatassa sacchikiriyāyā’ti! So vīriyaṃ ārabhati appattassa pattiyā, anadhigatassa adhigamāya asacchikatassa sacchikiriyāya. Idaṃ paṭhamaṃ ārambhavatthu.
「诸友,在此,比库应当作业。他如此想:『我将应当作业,然而我作业时,不容易作意诸佛之教,让我发起精进,为了未得者之得、未达者之达、未证者之证!』他发起精进,为了未得者之得、未达者之达、未证者之证。这是第一种发勤事。
‘‘Puna caparaṃ, āvuso, bhikkhunā kammaṃ kataṃ hoti. Tassa evaṃ hoti – ‘ahaṃ kho kammaṃ akāsiṃ, kammaṃ kho panāhaṃ karonto nāsakkhiṃ buddhānaṃ sāsanaṃ manasi kātuṃ, handāhaṃ vīriyaṃ ārabhāmi…pe… so vīriyaṃ ārabhati… idaṃ dutiyaṃ ārambhavatthu.
「再者,诸友,比库已作业。他如此想:『我已作业,然而我作业时,未能作意诸佛之教,让我发起精进……』他发起精进……这是第二种发勤事。
‘‘Puna caparaṃ, āvuso, bhikkhunā maggo gantabbo hoti. Tassa evaṃ hoti – ‘maggo kho me gantabbo bhavissati, maggaṃ kho pana me gacchantena na sukaraṃ buddhānaṃ sāsanaṃ manasi kātuṃ. Handāhaṃ vīriyaṃ ārabhāmi…pe… so vīriyaṃ ārabhati… idaṃ tatiyaṃ ārambhavatthu.
「再者,诸友,比库必须走路。他如此想:『我必须走路,然而当我走路时,不容易作意诸佛的教诫。让我发起精进……』……他发起精进……这是第三个发起精进之事。
‘‘Puna caparaṃ, āvuso, bhikkhunā maggo gato hoti. Tassa evaṃ hoti – ‘ahaṃ kho maggaṃ agamāsiṃ, maggaṃ kho panāhaṃ gacchanto nāsakkhiṃ buddhānaṃ sāsanaṃ manasi kātuṃ, handāhaṃ vīriyaṃ ārabhāmi…pe… so vīriyaṃ ārabhati… idaṃ catutthaṃ ārambhavatthu.
「再者,诸友,比库已走了路。他如此想:『我走了路,然而当我走路时,我不能作意诸佛的教诫,让我发起精进……』……他发起精进……这是第四个发起精进之事。
‘‘Puna caparaṃ, āvuso, bhikkhu gāmaṃ vā nigamaṃ vā piṇḍāya caranto na labhati lūkhassa vā paṇītassa vā bhojanassa yāvadatthaṃ pāripūriṃ . Tassa evaṃ hoti – ‘ahaṃ kho gāmaṃ vā nigamaṃ vā piṇḍāya caranto nālatthaṃ lūkhassa vā paṇītassa vā bhojanassa yāvadatthaṃ pāripūriṃ, tassa me kāyo lahuko kammañño, handāhaṃ vīriyaṃ ārabhāmi…pe… so vīriyaṃ ārabhati… idaṃ pañcamaṃ ārambhavatthu.
「再者,诸友,比库在村或镇行乞食时,没有得到粗或细的食物足够的满足。他如此想:『我在村或镇行乞食时,没有得到粗或细的食物足够的满足,我的身体轻快、适于工作,让我发起精进……』……他发起精进……这是第五个发起精进之事。
‘‘Puna caparaṃ, āvuso, bhikkhu gāmaṃ vā nigamaṃ vā piṇḍāya caranto labhati lūkhassa vā paṇītassa vā bhojanassa yāvadatthaṃ pāripūriṃ. Tassa evaṃ hoti – ‘ahaṃ kho gāmaṃ vā nigamaṃ vā piṇḍāya caranto alatthaṃ lūkhassa vā paṇītassa vā bhojanassa yāvadatthaṃ pāripūriṃ, tassa me kāyo balavā kammañño, handāhaṃ vīriyaṃ ārabhāmi…pe… so vīriyaṃ ārabhati… idaṃ chaṭṭhaṃ ārambhavatthu .
「再者,诸友,比库在村或镇行乞食时,得到了粗或细的食物足够的满足。他如此想:『我在村或镇行乞食时,得到了粗或细的食物足够的满足,我的身体强壮、适于工作,让我发起精进……』……他发起精进……这是第六个发起精进之事。
‘‘Puna caparaṃ, āvuso, bhikkhuno uppanno hoti appamattako ābādho. Tassa evaṃ hoti – ‘uppanno kho me ayaṃ appamattako ābādho, ṭhānaṃ kho panetaṃ vijjati yaṃ me ābādho pavaḍḍheyya, handāhaṃ vīriyaṃ ārabhāmi…pe… so vīriyaṃ ārabhati… idaṃ sattamaṃ ārambhavatthu.
「再者,诸友,比库生起了小病。他如此想:『我生起了这个小病,然而这是可能的,我的病可能会增长,让我发起精进……』……他发起精进……这是第七个发起精进之事。
‘‘Puna caparaṃ, āvuso, bhikkhu gilānā vuṭṭhito hoti aciravuṭṭhito gelaññā. Tassa evaṃ hoti – ‘ahaṃ kho gilānā vuṭṭhito aciravuṭṭhito gelaññā, ṭhānaṃ kho panetaṃ vijjati yaṃ me ābādho paccudāvatteyya, handāhaṃ vīriyaṃ ārabhāmi appattassa pattiyā anadhigatassa adhigamāya asacchikatassa sacchikiriyāyā’’ti! So vīriyaṃ ārabhati appattassa pattiyā anadhigatassa adhigamāya asacchikatassa sacchikiriyāya. Idaṃ aṭṭhamaṃ ārambhavatthu.
「再者,诸友,比库病愈了,刚从病中痊愈。他如此想:『我病愈了,刚从病中痊愈,然而这是可能的,我的病可能会复发,让我发起精进,为了证得未证得的,为了获得未获得的,为了作证未作证的!』他发起精进,为了证得未证得的,为了获得未获得的,为了作证未作证的。这是第八个发起精进之事。
§336
‘‘Aṭṭha Āsajja dānaṃ deti, bhayā dānaṃ deti, ‘adāsi me’ti dānaṃ deti, ‘dassati me’ti dānaṃ deti, ‘sāhu dāna’nti dānaṃ deti, ‘ahaṃ pacāmi, ime na pacanti, nārahāmi pacanto apacantānaṃ dānaṃ na dātu’nti dānaṃ deti, ‘idaṃ me dānaṃ dadato kalyāṇo kittisaddo abbhuggacchatī’ti dānaṃ deti. Cittālaṅkāra-cittaparikkhāratthaṃ dānaṃ deti.
「八种布施:因期待而布施,因恐惧而布施,『他曾给我』而布施,『他将给我』而布施,『布施是善』而布施,『我烹煮,这些人不烹煮,我烹煮者不应不给不烹煮者布施』而布施,『我施此布施,善名声将传扬』而布施,为了心的庄严、心的资具而布施。
§337
‘‘Aṭṭha . Idhāvuso, ekacco dānaṃ deti samaṇassa vā brāhmaṇassa vā annaṃ pānaṃ vatthaṃ yānaṃ mālāgandhavilepanaṃ seyyāvasathapadīpeyyaṃ. So yaṃ deti taṃ paccāsīsati . So passati khattiyamahāsālaṃ vā brāhmaṇamahāsālaṃ vā gahapatimahāsālaṃ vā pañcahi kāmaguṇehi samappitaṃ samaṅgībhūtaṃ paricārayamānaṃ. Tassa evaṃ hoti – ‘aho vatāhaṃ kāyassa bhedā paraṃ maraṇā khattiyamahāsālānaṃ vā brāhmaṇamahāsālānaṃ vā gahapatimahāsālānaṃ vā sahabyataṃ upapajjeyya’nti! So taṃ cittaṃ dahati, taṃ cittaṃ adhiṭṭhāti, taṃ cittaṃ bhāveti, tassa taṃ cittaṃ hīne vimuttaṃ uttari abhāvitaṃ tatrūpapattiyā saṃvattati . Tañca kho sīlavato vadāmi no dussīlassa. Ijjhatāvuso, sīlavato cetopaṇidhi visuddhattā.
「八种:诸友,这里,某人布施给沙门或婆罗门食物、饮料、衣服、车乘、花鬘香料涂料、卧具住所灯烛。他期待他所施的。他看见刹帝利大富者或婆罗门大富者或居士大富者具备、具足五种欲功德而享用。他如此想:『啊!愿我身坏命终后,生于刹帝利大富者或婆罗门大富者或居士大富者的同伴中!』他确立那心,住立那心,修习那心,他的那心从下解脱、未向上修习,导向那里的再生。然而,我说这是有戒者的,不是破戒者的。诸友,有戒者的心愿成就,因为清净。
‘‘Puna caparaṃ, āvuso, idhekacco dānaṃ deti samaṇassa vā brāhmaṇassa vā annaṃ pānaṃ…pe… seyyāvasathapadīpeyyaṃ. So yaṃ deti taṃ paccāsīsati. Tassa sutaṃ hoti – ‘cātumahārājikā devā dīghāyukā vaṇṇavanto sukhabahulā’’ti. Tassa evaṃ hoti – ‘aho vatāhaṃ kāyassa bhedā paraṃ maraṇā cātumahārājikānaṃ devānaṃ sahabyataṃ upapajjeyya’’nti! So taṃ cittaṃ dahati, taṃ cittaṃ adhiṭṭhāti, taṃ cittaṃ bhāveti, tassa taṃ cittaṃ hīne vimuttaṃ uttari abhāvitaṃ tatrūpapattiyā saṃvattati. Tañca kho sīlavato vadāmi no dussīlassa. Ijjhatāvuso, sīlavato cetopaṇidhi visuddhattā.
「复次,诸友,此处某人布施食物、饮料……乃至……卧具、住所、灯烛给沙门或婆罗门。他期望所布施的。他听闻:『四大王天天人长寿、美貌、多乐』。他如此想:『啊!愿我身坏命终后,生于四大王天天人的同伴中』!他确立那心,决意那心,修习那心,他的那心从下解脱、上未修习,导向那里的投生。然而我说这是对持戒者而言,非对破戒者。诸友,持戒者的心愿成就,因为清净。」
‘‘Puna caparaṃ, āvuso, idhekacco dānaṃ deti samaṇassa vā brāhmaṇassa vā annaṃ pānaṃ…pe… seyyāvasathapadīpeyyaṃ. So yaṃ deti taṃ paccāsīsati. Tassa sutaṃ hoti – ‘tāvatiṃsā devā…pe… yāmā devā…pe… tusitā devā …pe… nimmānaratī devā…pe… paranimmitavasavattī devā dīghāyukā vaṇṇavanto sukhabahulā’ti. Tassa evaṃ hoti – ‘aho vatāhaṃ kāyassa bhedā paraṃ maraṇā paranimmitavasavattīnaṃ devānaṃ sahabyataṃ upapajjeyya’’nti! So taṃ cittaṃ dahati, taṃ cittaṃ adhiṭṭhāti, taṃ cittaṃ bhāveti, tassa taṃ cittaṃ hīne vimuttaṃ uttari abhāvitaṃ tatrūpapattiyā saṃvattati. Tañca kho sīlavato vadāmi no dussīlassa. Ijjhatāvuso, sīlavato cetopaṇidhi visuddhattā.
「复次,诸友,此处某人布施食物、饮料……乃至……卧具、住所、灯烛给沙门或婆罗门。他期望所布施的。他听闻:『三十三天天人……乃至……夜摩天天人……乃至……兜率天天人……乃至……化乐天天人……乃至……他化自在天天人长寿、美貌、多乐』。他如此想:『啊!愿我身坏命终后,生于他化自在天天人的同伴中』!他确立那心,决意那心,修习那心,他的那心从下解脱、上未修习,导向那里的投生。然而我说这是对持戒者而言,非对破戒者。诸友,持戒者的心愿成就,因为清净。」
‘‘Puna caparaṃ, āvuso, idhekacco dānaṃ deti samaṇassa vā brāhmaṇassa vā annaṃ pānaṃ vatthaṃ yānaṃ mālāgandhavilepanaṃ seyyāvasathapadīpeyyaṃ. So yaṃ deti taṃ paccāsīsati. Tassa sutaṃ hoti – ‘brahmakāyikā devā dīghāyukā vaṇṇavanto sukhabahulā’ti. Tassa evaṃ hoti – ‘aho vatāhaṃ kāyassa bhedā paraṃ maraṇā brahmakāyikānaṃ devānaṃ sahabyataṃ upapajjeyya’nti! So taṃ cittaṃ dahati, taṃ cittaṃ adhiṭṭhāti, taṃ cittaṃ bhāveti, tassa taṃ cittaṃ hīne vimuttaṃ uttari abhāvitaṃ tatrūpapattiyā saṃvattati. Tañca kho sīlavato vadāmi no dussīlassa; vītarāgassa no sarāgassa. Ijjhatāvuso, sīlavato cetopaṇidhi vītarāgattā.
「复次,诸友,此处某人布施食物、饮料、衣服、车乘、花鬘香涂料、卧具、住所、灯烛给沙门或婆罗门。他期望所布施的。他听闻:『梵身天天人长寿、美貌、多乐』。他如此想:『啊!愿我身坏命终后,生于梵身天天人的同伴中』!他确立那心,决意那心,修习那心,他的那心从下解脱、上未修习,导向那里的投生。然而我说这是对持戒者而言,非对破戒者;对离贪者而言,非对有贪者。诸友,持戒者的心愿成就,因为离贪。」
‘‘Aṭṭha khattiyaparisā, brāhmaṇaparisā, gahapatiparisā, samaṇaparisā, cātumahārājikaparisā, tāvatiṃsaparisā, māraparisā, brahmaparisā .
「八者:刹帝利众、婆罗门众、居士众、沙门众、四大王众、三十三天众、魔众、梵天众。」
‘‘Aṭṭha lābho ca, alābho ca, yaso ca, ayaso ca, nindā ca, pasaṃsā ca, sukhañca, dukkhañca.
「八者:得与不得、名誉与不名誉、诽谤与赞叹、乐与苦。」
§338
‘‘Aṭṭha Ajjhattaṃ rūpasaññī eko bahiddhā rūpāni passati parittāni suvaṇṇadubbaṇṇāni, ‘tāni abhibhuyya jānāmi passāmī’ti evaṃsaññī hoti. Idaṃ paṭhamaṃ abhibhāyatanaṃ.
「八者:于内有色想者,于外见诸色为少量的、美的丑的,『我制胜它们而知、而见』,他有如此想。这是第一胜处。」
‘‘Ajjhattaṃ rūpasaññī eko bahiddhā rūpāni passati appamāṇāni suvaṇṇadubbaṇṇāni, ‘tāni abhibhuyya jānāmi passāmī’ti – evaṃsaññī hoti. Idaṃ dutiyaṃ abhibhāyatanaṃ.
「于内有色想者,于外见诸色为无量的、美的丑的,『我制胜它们而知、而见』,他有如此想。这是第二胜处。」
‘‘Ajjhattaṃ arūpasaññī eko bahiddhā rūpāni passati parittāni suvaṇṇadubbaṇṇāni, ‘tāni abhibhuyya jānāmi passāmī’ti evaṃsaññī hoti. Idaṃ tatiyaṃ abhibhāyatanaṃ.
「于内无色想者,于外见诸色为少量的、美的丑的,『我制胜它们而知、而见』,他有如此想。这是第三胜处。」
‘‘Ajjhattaṃ arūpasaññī eko bahiddhā rūpāni passati appamāṇāni suvaṇṇadubbaṇṇāni, ‘tāni abhibhuyya jānāmi passāmī’ti evaṃsaññī hoti. Idaṃ catutthaṃ abhibhāyatanaṃ.
「于内无色想者,于外见诸色为无量的美与丑,『我战胜它们而知、而见』,他有如此想。这是第四胜处。」
‘‘Ajjhattaṃ arūpasaññī eko bahiddhā rūpāni passati nīlāni nīlavaṇṇāni nīlanidassanāni nīlanibhāsāni. Seyyathāpi nāma umāpupphaṃ nīlaṃ nīlavaṇṇaṃ nīlanidassanaṃ nīlanibhāsaṃ, seyyathā vā pana taṃ vatthaṃ bārāṇaseyyakaṃ ubhatobhāgavimaṭṭhaṃ nīlaṃ nīlavaṇṇaṃ nīlanidassanaṃ nīlanibhāsaṃ. Evameva ajjhattaṃ arūpasaññī eko bahiddhā rūpāni passati nīlāni nīlavaṇṇāni nīlanidassanāni nīlanibhāsāni, ‘tāni abhibhuyya jānāmi passāmī’ti evaṃsaññī hoti. Idaṃ pañcamaṃ abhibhāyatanaṃ.
「于内无色想者,于外见诸色为青色、青色相、青色现、青色光。犹如乌玛花是青色、青色相、青色现、青色光,或者犹如那巴拉纳西的布两面磨光是青色、青色相、青色现、青色光。如是,于内无色想者,于外见诸色为青色、青色相、青色现、青色光,『我战胜它们而知、而见』,他有如此想。这是第五胜处。」
‘‘Ajjhattaṃ arūpasaññī eko bahiddhā rūpāni passati pītāni pītavaṇṇāni pītanidassanāni pītanibhāsāni. Seyyathāpi nāma kaṇikārapupphaṃ pītaṃ pītavaṇṇaṃ pītanidassanaṃ pītanibhāsaṃ, seyyathā vā pana taṃ vatthaṃ bārāṇaseyyakaṃ ubhatobhāgavimaṭṭhaṃ pītaṃ pītavaṇṇaṃ pītanidassanaṃ pītanibhāsaṃ. Evameva ajjhattaṃ arūpasaññī eko bahiddhā rūpāni passati pītāni pītavaṇṇāni pītanidassanāni pītanibhāsāni, ‘tāni abhibhuyya jānāmi passāmī’ti evaṃsaññī hoti. Idaṃ chaṭṭhaṃ abhibhāyatanaṃ.
「于内无色想者,于外见诸色为黄色、黄色相、黄色现、黄色光。犹如咖尼咖拉花是黄色、黄色相、黄色现、黄色光,或者犹如那巴拉纳西的布两面磨光是黄色、黄色相、黄色现、黄色光。如是,于内无色想者,于外见诸色为黄色、黄色相、黄色现、黄色光,『我战胜它们而知、而见』,他有如此想。这是第六胜处。」
‘‘Ajjhattaṃ arūpasaññī eko bahiddhā rūpāni passati lohitakāni lohitakavaṇṇāni lohitakanidassanāni lohitakanibhāsāni. Seyyathāpi nāma bandhujīvakapupphaṃ lohitakaṃ lohitakavaṇṇaṃ lohitakanidassanaṃ lohitakanibhāsaṃ, seyyathā vā pana taṃ vatthaṃ bārāṇaseyyakaṃ ubhatobhāgavimaṭṭhaṃ lohitakaṃ lohitakavaṇṇaṃ lohitakanidassanaṃ lohitakanibhāsaṃ. Evameva ajjhattaṃ arūpasaññī eko bahiddhā rūpāni passati lohitakāni lohitakavaṇṇāni lohitakanidassanāni lohitakanibhāsāni, ‘tāni abhibhuyya jānāmi passāmī’ti evaṃsaññī hoti. Idaṃ sattamaṃ abhibhāyatanaṃ.
「于内无色想者,于外见诸色为红色、红色相、红色现、红色光。犹如般度基瓦咖花是红色、红色相、红色现、红色光,或者犹如那巴拉纳西的布两面磨光是红色、红色相、红色现、红色光。如是,于内无色想者,于外见诸色为红色、红色相、红色现、红色光,『我战胜它们而知、而见』,他有如此想。这是第七胜处。」
‘‘Ajjhattaṃ arūpasaññī eko bahiddhā rūpāni passati odātāni odātavaṇṇāni odātanidassanāni odātanibhāsāni. Seyyathāpi nāma osadhitārakā odātā odātavaṇṇā odātanidassanā odātanibhāsā, seyyathā vā pana taṃ vatthaṃ bārāṇaseyyakaṃ ubhatobhāgavimaṭṭhaṃ odātaṃ odātavaṇṇaṃ odātanidassanaṃ odātanibhāsaṃ. Evameva ajjhattaṃ arūpasaññī eko bahiddhā rūpāni passati odātāni odātavaṇṇāni odātanidassanāni odātanibhāsāni , ‘tāni abhibhuyya jānāmi passāmī’ti evaṃsaññī hoti. Idaṃ aṭṭhamaṃ abhibhāyatanaṃ.
「于内无色想者,于外见诸色为白色、白色相、白色现、白色光。犹如药星是白色、白色相、白色现、白色光,或者犹如那巴拉纳西的布两面磨光是白色、白色相、白色现、白色光。如是,于内无色想者,于外见诸色为白色、白色相、白色现、白色光,『我战胜它们而知、而见』,他有如此想。这是第八胜处。」
§339
‘‘Aṭṭha Rūpī rūpāni passati. Ayaṃ paṭhamo vimokkho.
「八、有色者见诸色。这是第一解脱。」
‘‘Ajjhattaṃ arūpasaññī bahiddhā rūpāni passati. Ayaṃ dutiyo vimokkho.
「于内无色想者,于外见诸色。这是第二解脱。」
‘‘Subhanteva adhimutto hoti. Ayaṃ tatiyo vimokkho.
「他胜解于净。这是第三解脱。」
‘‘Sabbaso rūpasaññānaṃ samatikkamā paṭighasaññānaṃ atthaṅgamā nānattasaññānaṃ amanasikārā ‘ananto ākāso’ti ākāsānañcāyatanaṃ upasampajja viharati. Ayaṃ catuttho vimokkho.
「完全超越诸色想,有对想灭没,不作意种种想,『虚空无边』,证入空无边处而住。这是第四解脱。
‘‘Sabbaso ākāsānañcāyatanaṃ samatikkamma ‘anantaṃ viññāṇa’nti viññāṇañcāyatanaṃ upasampajja viharati. Ayaṃ pañcamo vimokkho.
「完全超越空无边处,『识无边』,证入识无边处而住。这是第五解脱。
‘‘Sabbaso viññāṇañcāyatanaṃ samatikkamma ‘natthi kiñcī’ti ākiñcaññāyatanaṃ upasampajja viharati. Ayaṃ chaṭṭho vimokkho.
「完全超越识无边处,『无所有』,证入无所有处而住。这是第六解脱。
‘‘Sabbaso ākiñcaññāyatanaṃ samatikkamma nevasaññānāsaññāyatanaṃ upasampajja viharati. Ayaṃ sattamo vimokkho.
「完全超越无所有处,证入非想非非想处而住。这是第七解脱。
‘‘Sabbaso nevasaññānāsaññāyatanaṃ samatikkamma saññāvedayita nirodhaṃ upasampajja viharati. Ayaṃ aṭṭhamo vimokkho.
「完全超越非想非非想处,证入想受灭而住。这是第八解脱。
‘‘Ime kho, āvuso, tena bhagavatā jānatā passatā arahatā sammāsambuddhena aṭṭha dhammā sammadakkhātā; tattha sabbeheva saṅgāyitabbaṃ…pe… atthāya hitāya sukhāya devamanussānaṃ.
「诸具寿,这些是彼世尊、知者、见者、阿拉汉、正等正觉者所正善说的八法;在那里,一切人都应合诵……为了诸天人的义利、利益、安乐。
Navakaṃ九法
§340
‘‘Atthi kho, āvuso, tena bhagavatā jānatā passatā arahatā sammāsambuddhena nava dhammā sammadakkhātā; tattha sabbeheva saṅgāyitabbaṃ…pe… atthāya hitāya sukhāya devamanussānaṃ. Katame nava?
「诸具寿,有彼世尊、知者、见者、阿拉汉、正等正觉者所正善说的九法;在那里,一切人都应合诵……为了诸天人的义利、利益、安乐。哪九个?
‘‘Nava ‘Anatthaṃ me acarī’ti āghātaṃ bandhati; ‘anatthaṃ me caratī’ti āghātaṃ bandhati; ‘anatthaṃ me carissatī’ti āghātaṃ bandhati; ‘piyassa me manāpassa anatthaṃ acarī’ti āghātaṃ bandhati…pe… anatthaṃ caratīti āghātaṃ bandhati…pe… anatthaṃ carissatīti āghātaṃ bandhati; ‘appiyassa me amanāpassa atthaṃ acarī’ti āghātaṃ bandhati…pe… atthaṃ caratīti āghātaṃ bandhati…pe… atthaṃ carissatīti āghātaṃ bandhati.
「九个:『他对我作了无益』而结怨恨;『他对我正作无益』而结怨恨;『他将对我作无益』而结怨恨;『他对我所爱、所喜者作了无益』而结怨恨……正作无益而结怨恨……将作无益而结怨恨;『他对我所不爱、所不喜者作了利益』而结怨恨……正作利益而结怨恨……将作利益而结怨恨。
‘‘Nava ‘Anatthaṃ me acari , taṃ kutettha labbhā’ti āghātaṃ paṭivineti ; ‘anatthaṃ me carati, taṃ kutettha labbhā’ti āghātaṃ paṭivineti; ‘anatthaṃ me carissati, taṃ kutettha labbhā’ti āghātaṃ paṭivineti; ‘piyassa me manāpassa anatthaṃ acari…pe… anatthaṃ carati…pe… anatthaṃ carissati, taṃ kutettha labbhā’ti āghātaṃ paṭivineti; ‘appiyassa me amanāpassa atthaṃ acari…pe… atthaṃ carati…pe… atthaṃ carissati, taṃ kutettha labbhā’ti āghātaṃ paṭivineti.
「九种『他对我作了无益,这在此如何可得』而调伏嗔恨;『他对我正作无益,这在此如何可得』而调伏嗔恨;『他对我将作无益,这在此如何可得』而调伏嗔恨;『他对我可爱可意者作了无益……正作无益……将作无益,这在此如何可得』而调伏嗔恨;『他对我不可爱不可意者作了利益……正作利益……将作利益,这在此如何可得』而调伏嗔恨。」
§341
‘‘Nava Santāvuso, sattā nānattakāyā nānattasaññino, seyyathāpi manussā ekacce ca devā ekacce ca vinipātikā. Ayaṃ paṭhamo sattāvāso.
「九种 诸贤,有诸有情种种身种种想,譬如诸人、某些天人及某些堕恶趣者。此为第一有情居。」
‘‘Santāvuso, sattā nānattakāyā ekattasaññino, seyyathāpi devā brahmakāyikā paṭhamābhinibbattā. Ayaṃ dutiyo sattāvāso.
「诸贤,有诸有情种种身一想,譬如梵身天初生诸天。此为第二有情居。」
‘‘Santāvuso, sattā ekattakāyā nānattasaññino, seyyathāpi devā ābhassarā. Ayaṃ tatiyo sattāvāso.
「诸贤,有诸有情一身种种想,譬如光音天。此为第三有情居。」
‘‘Santāvuso , sattā ekattakāyā ekattasaññino, seyyathāpi devā subhakiṇhā. Ayaṃ catuttho sattāvāso.
「诸贤,有诸有情一身一想,譬如遍净天。此为第四有情居。」
‘‘Santāvuso, sattā asaññino appaṭisaṃvedino, seyyathāpi devā asaññasattā . Ayaṃ pañcamo sattāvāso.
「诸贤,有诸有情无想无感受,譬如无想有情天。此为第五有情居。」
‘‘Santāvuso, sattā sabbaso rūpasaññānaṃ samatikkamā paṭighasaññānaṃ atthaṅgamā nānattasaññānaṃ amanasikārā ‘ananto ākāso’ti ākāsānañcāyatanūpagā. Ayaṃ chaṭṭho sattāvāso.
「诸贤,有诸有情完全超越色想,灭有对想,不作意种种想,『虚空无边』而到达虚空无边处。此为第六有情居。」
‘‘Santāvuso, sattā sabbaso ākāsānañcāyatanaṃ samatikkamma ‘anantaṃ viññāṇa’nti viññāṇañcāyatanūpagā. Ayaṃ sattamo sattāvāso.
「诸贤,有诸有情完全超越虚空无边处,『识无边』而到达识无边处。此为第七有情居。」
‘‘Santāvuso, sattā sabbaso viññāṇañcāyatanaṃ samatikkamma ‘natthi kiñcī’ti ākiñcāññāyatanūpagā. Ayaṃ aṭṭhamo sattāvāso.
「贤友们!有诸有情完全超越识无边处,〔了知〕『无任何事物』而到达无所有处。这是第八有情居。
‘‘Santāvuso , sattā sabbaso ākiñcaññāyatanaṃ samatikkamma nevasaññānāsaññāyatanūpagā. Ayaṃ navamo sattāvāso.
「贤友们!有诸有情完全超越无所有处而到达非想非非想处。这是第九有情居。
§342
‘‘Nava Idhāvuso , tathāgato ca loke uppanno hoti arahaṃ sammāsambuddho, dhammo ca desiyati opasamiko parinibbāniko sambodhagāmī sugatappavedito. Ayañca puggalo nirayaṃ upapanno hoti. Ayaṃ paṭhamo akkhaṇo asamayo brahmacariyavāsāya.
「贤友们!此处,如来出现于世间,是阿拉汉、正等正觉者,法被教导,是寂静的、般涅槃的、导向正觉的、善逝所宣说的。而此人生于地狱。这是第一非时、非机,不适于梵行住。
‘‘Puna caparaṃ, āvuso, tathāgato ca loke uppanno hoti arahaṃ sammāsambuddho, dhammo ca desiyati opasamiko parinibbāniko sambodhagāmī sugatappavedito. Ayañca puggalo tiracchānayoniṃ upapanno hoti. Ayaṃ dutiyo akkhaṇo asamayo brahmacariyavāsāya.
「再者,贤友们!如来出现于世间,是阿拉汉、正等正觉者,法被教导,是寂静的、般涅槃的、导向正觉的、善逝所宣说的。而此人生于畜生界。这是第二非时、非机,不适于梵行住。
‘‘Puna caparaṃ…pe… pettivisayaṃ upapanno hoti. Ayaṃ tatiyo akkhaṇo asamayo brahmacariyavāsāya.
「再者……〔而此人〕生于饿鬼界。这是第三非时、非机,不适于梵行住。
‘‘Puna caparaṃ…pe… asurakāyaṃ upapanno hoti. Ayaṃ catuttho akkhaṇo asamayo brahmacariyavāsāya.
「再者……〔而此人〕生于阿苏罗身。这是第四非时、非机,不适于梵行住。
‘‘Puna caparaṃ…pe… aññataraṃ dīghāyukaṃ devanikāyaṃ upapanno hoti. Ayaṃ pañcamo akkhaṇo asamayo brahmacariyavāsāya.
「再者……〔而此人〕生于某长寿天众。这是第五非时、非机,不适于梵行住。
‘‘Puna caparaṃ…pe… paccantimesu janapadesu paccājāto hoti milakkhesu aviññātāresu, yattha natthi gati bhikkhūnaṃ bhikkhunīnaṃ upāsakānaṃ upāsikānaṃ. Ayaṃ chaṭṭho akkhaṇo asamayo brahmacariyavāsāya.
「再者……〔而此人〕生于边地诸国,在未开化的野蛮人中,那里没有比库、比库尼、近事男、近事女可去之处。这是第六非时、非机,不适于梵行住。
‘‘Puna caparaṃ…pe… majjhimesu janapadesu paccājāto hoti. So ca hoti micchādiṭṭhiko viparītadassano – ‘natthi dinnaṃ, natthi yiṭṭhaṃ, natthi hutaṃ, natthi sukatadukkaṭānaṃ kammānaṃ phalaṃ vipāko, natthi ayaṃ loko, natthi paro loko, natthi mātā, natthi pitā, natthi sattā opapātikā, natthi loke samaṇabrāhmaṇā sammaggatā sammāpaṭipannā ye imañca lokaṃ parañca lokaṃ sayaṃ abhiññā sacchikatvā pavedentī’ti. Ayaṃ sattamo akkhaṇo asamayo brahmacariyavāsāya.
「再者,具寿们……(中略)……他生于中国。他是邪见者、颠倒见者——『无布施,无供养,无祭祀,无善作恶作诸业的果报,无此世,无他世,无母,无父,无化生众生,世间无沙门婆罗门正行正行道者,以自己的证智作证后宣说此世与他世』。这是第七非时、非时机修习梵行。
‘‘Puna caparaṃ…pe… majjhimesu janapadesu paccājāto hoti. So ca hoti duppañño jaḷo eḷamūgo, nappaṭibalo subhāsitadubbhāsitānamatthamaññātuṃ. Ayaṃ aṭṭhamo akkhaṇo asamayo brahmacariyavāsāya.
「再者,具寿们……(中略)……他生于中国。他是劣慧者、愚钝者、哑羊者,无能力了知善说恶说之义。这是第八非时、非时机修习梵行。
‘‘Puna caparaṃ, āvuso, tathāgato ca loke na uppanno hoti arahaṃ sammāsambuddho, dhammo ca na desiyati opasamiko parinibbāniko sambodhagāmī sugatappavedito. Ayañca puggalo majjhimesu janapadesu paccājāto hoti, so ca hoti paññavā ajaḷo aneḷamūgo, paṭibalo subhāsita-dubbhāsitānamatthamaññātuṃ. Ayaṃ navamo akkhaṇo asamayo brahmacariyavāsāya.
「再者,具寿们,如来未出现于世间,阿拉汉、正等正觉者,法未被教导——寂静的、般涅槃的、导向正觉的、善逝所宣说的。而此人生于中国,他是有慧者、不愚钝者、非哑羊者,有能力了知善说恶说之义。这是第九非时、非时机修习梵行。
§343
‘‘Nava Idhāvuso, bhikkhu vivicceva kāmehi vivicca akusalehi dhammehi savitakkaṃ savicāraṃ vivekajaṃ pītisukhaṃ paṭhamaṃ jhānaṃ upasampajja viharati. Vitakkavicārānaṃ vūpasamā…pe… dutiyaṃ jhānaṃ upasampajja viharati. Pītiyā ca virāgā…pe… tatiyaṃ jhānaṃ upasampajja viharati. Sukhassa ca pahānā …pe… catutthaṃ jhānaṃ upasampajja viharati. Sabbaso rūpasaññānaṃ samatikkamā…pe… ākāsānañcāyatanaṃ upasampajja viharati. Sabbaso ākāsānañcāyatanaṃ samatikkamma ‘anantaṃ viññāṇa’nti viññāṇañcāyatanaṃ upasampajja viharati. Sabbaso viññāṇañcāyatanaṃ samatikkamma ‘natthi kiñcī’ti ākiñcaññāyatanaṃ upasampajja viharati. Sabbaso ākiñcaññāyatanaṃ samatikkamma nevasaññānāsaññāyatanaṃ upasampajja viharati. Sabbaso nevasaññānāsaññāyatanaṃ samatikkamma saññāvedayitanirodhaṃ upasampajja viharati.
「九 具寿们,于此,比库离诸欲,离诸不善法,有寻、有伺,离生喜乐,证得初禅那而住。以寻伺的止息……(中略)……证得第二禅那而住。以喜的离去……(中略)……证得第三禅那而住。以乐的舍断……(中略)……证得第四禅那而住。以完全超越诸色想……(中略)……证得空无边处而住。以完全超越空无边处,『识是无边的』,证得识无边处而住。以完全超越识无边处,『无任何所有』,证得无所有处而住。以完全超越无所有处,证得非想非非想处而住。以完全超越非想非非想处,证得想受灭而住。
§344
‘‘Nava Paṭhamaṃ jhānaṃ samāpannassa kāmasaññā niruddhā hoti. Dutiyaṃ jhānaṃ samāpannassa vitakkavicārā niruddhā honti. Tatiyaṃ jhānaṃ samāpannassa pīti niruddhā hoti. Catutthaṃ jhānaṃ samāpannassa assāsapassāssā niruddhā honti. Ākāsānañcāyatanaṃ samāpannassa rūpasaññā niruddhā hoti. Viññāṇañcāyatanaṃ samāpannassa ākāsānañcāyatanasaññā niruddhā hoti. Ākiñcaññāyatanaṃ samāpannassa viññāṇañcāyatanasaññā niruddhā hoti. Nevasaññānāsaññāyatanaṃ samāpannassa ākiñcaññāyatanasaññā niruddhā hoti. Saññāvedayitanirodhaṃ samāpannassa saññā ca vedanā ca niruddhā honti.
「九 证得初禅那者,欲想被止息。证得第二禅那者,寻与伺被止息。证得第三禅那者,喜被止息。证得第四禅那者,入息出息被止息。证得空无边处者,色想被止息。证得识无边处者,空无边处想被止息。证得无所有处者,识无边处想被止息。证得非想非非想处者,无所有处想被止息。证得想受灭者,想与受被止息。
‘‘Ime kho, āvuso, tena bhagavatā jānatā passatā arahatā sammāsambuddhena nava dhammā sammadakkhātā. Tattha sabbeheva saṅgāyitabbaṃ…pe… atthāya hitāya sukhāya devamanussānaṃ.
「具寿们,这些是彼世尊、知者、见者、阿拉汉、正等正觉者所正善说的九法。于此,一切人应共同合诵……(中略)……为了天人的义利、利益、安乐。
Dasakaṃ十法
§345
‘‘Atthi kho, āvuso, tena bhagavatā jānatā passatā arahatā sammāsambuddhena dasa dhammā sammadakkhātā. Tattha sabbeheva saṅgāyitabbaṃ…pe… atthāya hitāya sukhāya devamanussānaṃ. Katame dasa?
「具寿们,有彼世尊、知者、见者、阿拉汉、正等正觉者所正善说的十法。于此,一切人应共同合诵……(中略)……为了天人的义利、利益、安乐。哪十种?
‘‘Dasa Idhāvuso, bhikkhu sīlavā hoti. Pātimokkhasaṃvarasaṃvuto viharati ācāragocarasampanno, aṇumattesu vajjesu bhayadassāvī samādāya sikkhati sikkhāpadesu. Yaṃpāvuso, bhikkhu sīlavā hoti, pātimokkhasaṃvarasaṃvuto viharati, ācāragocarasampanno, aṇumattesu vajjesu bhayadassāvī samādāya sikkhati sikkhāpadesu. Ayampi dhammo nāthakaraṇo.
「十 具寿们,于此,比库持戒,以巴帝摩卡律仪防护而住,具足行处与所行,于微细的罪过中见怖畏,受持学习诸学处。具寿们,凡比库持戒,以巴帝摩卡律仪防护而住,具足行处与所行,于微细的罪过中见怖畏,受持学习诸学处。此法也是作依护者。
‘‘Puna caparaṃ, āvuso, bhikkhu bahussuto hoti sutadharo sutasannicayo. Ye te dhammā ādikalyāṇā majjhekalyāṇā pariyosānakalyāṇā sātthā sabyañjanā kevalaparipuṇṇaṃ parisuddhaṃ brahmacariyaṃ abhivadanti, tathārūpāssa dhammā bahussutā honti dhātā vacasā paricitā manasānupekkhitā diṭṭhiyā suppaṭividdhā, yaṃpāvuso, bhikkhu bahussuto hoti…pe… diṭṭhiyā suppaṭividdhā. Ayampi dhammo nāthakaraṇo.
「再者,诸友,比库多闻,持闻,积聚闻。凡那些初善、中善、后善,有义、有文,宣说纯满、清净梵行的诸法,这样的诸法,他多闻、受持、以言熟习、以意观察、以见善通达。诸友,比库多闻……以见善通达。此法亦能作依怙。」
‘‘Puna caparaṃ, āvuso, bhikkhu kalyāṇamitto hoti kalyāṇasahāyo kalyāṇasampavaṅko. Yaṃpāvuso, bhikkhu kalyāṇamitto hoti kalyāṇasahāyo kalyāṇasampavaṅko. Ayampi dhammo nāthakaraṇo.
「再者,诸友,比库是善友、善伴侣、善同事。诸友,比库是善友、善伴侣、善同事。此法亦能作依怙。」
‘‘Puna caparaṃ, āvuso, bhikkhu suvaco hoti sovacassakaraṇehi dhammehi samannāgato khamo padakkhiṇaggāhī anusāsaniṃ. Yaṃpāvuso, bhikkhu suvaco hoti…pe… padakkhiṇaggāhī anusāsaniṃ. Ayampi dhammo nāthakaraṇo.
「再者,诸友,比库易受教,具足易受教之法,堪忍,恭敬地接受教诫。诸友,比库易受教……恭敬地接受教诫。此法亦能作依怙。」
‘‘Puna caparaṃ, āvuso, bhikkhu yāni tāni sabrahmacārīnaṃ uccāvacāni kiṃkaraṇīyāni, tattha dakkho hoti analaso tatrupāyāya vīmaṃsāya samannāgato, alaṃ kātuṃ alaṃ saṃvidhātuṃ. Yaṃpāvuso, bhikkhu yāni tāni sabrahmacārīnaṃ…pe… alaṃ saṃvidhātuṃ. Ayampi dhammo nāthakaraṇo.
「再者,诸友,比库对于同梵行者的种种大小事务,善巧、不懈怠,具足对此的思量,能作、能安排。诸友,比库对于同梵行者的……能安排。此法亦能作依怙。」
‘‘Puna caparaṃ, āvuso, bhikkhu dhammakāmo hoti piyasamudāhāro, abhidhamme abhivinaye uḷārapāmojjo . Yaṃpāvuso, bhikkhu dhammakāmo hoti…pe… uḷārapāmojjo . Ayampi dhammo nāthakaraṇo.
「再者,诸友,比库乐法,喜爱谈论,对阿毗达摩、阿毗毗奈耶极为欢喜。诸友,比库乐法……极为欢喜。此法亦能作依怙。」
‘‘Puna caparaṃ, āvuso , bhikkhu santuṭṭho hoti itarītarehi cīvarapiṇḍapātasenāsanagilānappaccayabhesajjaparikkhārehi . Yaṃpāvuso, bhikkhu santuṭṭho hoti…pe… parikkhārehi. Ayampi dhammo nāthakaraṇo.
「再者,诸友,比库对于任何的衣、食、坐卧处、病者所需药品资具知足。诸友,比库知足……资具。此法亦能作依怙。」
‘‘Puna caparaṃ, āvuso, bhikkhu āraddhavīriyo viharati akusalānaṃ dhammānaṃ pahānāya kusalānaṃ dhammānaṃ upasampadāya, thāmavā daḷhaparakkamo anikkhittadhuro kusalesu dhammesu. Yaṃpāvuso, bhikkhu āraddhavīriyo viharati…pe… anikkhittadhuro kusalesu dhammesu. Ayampi dhammo nāthakaraṇo.
「再者,诸友,比库住于精进,为断不善法、为具足善法而精进,有力、坚固勤奋,于诸善法不舍其轭。诸友,比库住于精进……于诸善法不舍其轭。此法亦能作依怙。」
‘‘Puna caparaṃ, āvuso, bhikkhu satimā hoti paramena satinepakkena samannāgato cirakatampi cirabhāsitampi saritā anussaritā. Yaṃpāvuso, bhikkhu satimā hoti…pe… saritā anussaritā. Ayampi dhammo nāthakaraṇo.
「再者,诸友,比库具念,具足最上的念与正知,能忆念、能随念很久以前所作、很久以前所说。诸友,比库具念……能忆念、能随念。此法亦能作依怙。」
‘‘Puna caparaṃ, āvuso, bhikkhu paññavā hoti, udayatthagāminiyā paññāya samannāgato ariyāya nibbedhikāya sammādukkhakkhayagāminiyā. Yaṃpāvuso, bhikkhu paññavā hoti…pe… sammādukkhakkhayagāminiyā. Ayampi dhammo nāthakaraṇo.
「复次,贤友,比库有慧,具足通达生灭的慧,具足圣者的、洞察的、导向正尽苦的慧。贤友,凡比库有慧……乃至……导向正尽苦的。此法亦是作依护者。
§346
Dasa Pathavīkasiṇameko sañjānāti, uddhaṃ adho tiriyaṃ advayaṃ appamāṇaṃ. Āpokasiṇameko sañjānāti…pe… tejokasiṇameko sañjānāti… vāyokasiṇameko sañjānāti… nīlakasiṇameko sañjānāti… pītakasiṇameko sañjānāti… lohitakasiṇameko sañjānāti… odātakasiṇameko sañjānāti… ākāsakasiṇameko sañjānāti… viññāṇakasiṇameko sañjānāti, uddhaṃ adho tiriyaṃ advayaṃ appamāṇaṃ.
「十:一者想地遍,上、下、横、不二、无量。一者想水遍……乃至……一者想火遍……一者想风遍……一者想青遍……一者想黄遍……一者想红遍……一者想白遍……一者想空遍……一者想识遍,上、下、横、不二、无量。
§347
‘‘Dasa pāṇātipāto, adinnādānaṃ, kāmesumicchācāro, musāvādo, pisuṇā vācā, pharusā vācā, samphappalāpo, abhijjhā, byāpādo, micchādiṭṭhi.
「十:杀生、不与取、欲邪行、妄语、两舌、粗恶语、杂秽语、贪、嗔恨、邪见。
‘‘Dasa pāṇātipātā veramaṇī, adinnādānā veramaṇī, kāmesumicchācārā veramaṇī, musāvādā veramaṇī, pisuṇāya vācāya veramaṇī, pharusāya vācāya veramaṇī, samphappalāpā veramaṇī, anabhijjhā, abyāpādo, sammādiṭṭhi.
「十:离杀生、离不与取、离欲邪行、离妄语、离两舌、离粗恶语、离杂秽语、无贪、无嗔恨、正见。
§348
‘‘Dasa Idhāvuso, bhikkhu pañcaṅgavippahīno hoti, chaḷaṅgasamannāgato, ekārakkho, caturāpasseno, paṇunnapaccekasacco, samavayasaṭṭhesano, anāvilasaṅkappo, passaddhakāyasaṅkhāro, suvimuttacitto, suvimuttapañño.
「十:贤友,于此,比库已舍断五支,具足六支,守护一,具足四依,舍弃个别的真实,完全舍弃寻求,无浊的思惟,身行已轻安,心善解脱,慧善解脱。
‘‘Kathañcāvuso, bhikkhu pañcaṅgavippahīno hoti? Idhāvuso, bhikkhuno kāmacchando pahīno hoti, byāpādo pahīno hoti, thinamiddhaṃ pahīnaṃ hoti, uddhaccakukuccaṃ pahīnaṃ hoti, vicikicchā pahīnā hoti. Evaṃ kho, āvuso, bhikkhu pañcaṅgavippahīno hoti.
「贤友,比库如何已舍断五支?贤友,于此,比库的欲欲已舍断,嗔恨已舍断,昏沉睡眠已舍断,掉举追悔已舍断,疑已舍断。贤友,如此,比库已舍断五支。
‘‘Kathañcāvuso, bhikkhu chaḷaṅgasamannāgato hoti? Idhāvuso, bhikkhu cakkhunā rūpaṃ disvā neva sumano hoti na dummano, upekkhako viharati sato sampajāno. Sotena saddaṃ sutvā…pe… manasā dhammaṃ viññāya neva sumano hoti na dummano, upekkhako viharati sato sampajāno. Evaṃ kho, āvuso, bhikkhu chaḷaṅgasamannāgato hoti.
「贤友,比库如何具足六支?贤友,于此,比库以眼见色后,既不欢喜也不忧愁,住于舍,具念、正知。以耳闻声……乃至……以意识法后,既不欢喜也不忧愁,住于舍,具念、正知。贤友,如此,比库具足六支。
‘‘Kathañcāvuso , bhikkhu ekārakkho hoti? Idhāvuso, bhikkhu satārakkhena cetasā samannāgato hoti. Evaṃ kho, āvuso, bhikkhu ekārakkho hoti .
「贤友,比库如何守护一?贤友,于此,比库具足以念守护的心。贤友,如此,比库守护一。
‘‘Kathañcāvuso, bhikkhu caturāpasseno hoti? Idhāvuso, bhikkhu saṅkhāyekaṃ paṭisevati, saṅkhāyekaṃ adhivāseti, saṅkhāyekaṃ parivajjeti, saṅkhāyekaṃ vinodeti. Evaṃ kho, āvuso, bhikkhu caturāpasseno hoti.
「诸友,比库如何是四依者?诸友,于此,比库经思量而受用,经思量而忍受,经思量而避开,经思量而除去。诸友,比库如此是四依者。
‘‘Kathañcāvuso, bhikkhu paṇunnapaccekasacco hoti? Idhāvuso, bhikkhuno yāni tāni puthusamaṇabrāhmaṇānaṃ puthupaccekasaccāni, sabbāni tāni nunnāni honti paṇunnāni cattāni vantāni muttāni pahīnāni paṭinissaṭṭhāni. Evaṃ kho, āvuso, bhikkhu paṇunnapaccekasacco hoti.
「诸友,比库如何是已舍弃各别真谛者?诸友,于此,比库对于那些各种沙门婆罗门的各种各别真谛,一切那些都已被驱除、已被舍弃、已被吐出、已被释放、已被断除、已被舍离。诸友,比库如此是已舍弃各别真谛者。
‘‘Kathañcāvuso , bhikkhu samavayasaṭṭhesano hoti? Idhāvuso, bhikkhuno kāmesanā pahīnā hoti, bhavesanā pahīnā hoti, brahmacariyesanā paṭippassaddhā. Evaṃ kho, āvuso, bhikkhu samavayasaṭṭhesano hoti.
「诸友,比库如何是已平息寻求者?诸友,于此,比库的欲寻求已被断除,有寻求已被断除,梵行寻求已被止息。诸友,比库如此是已平息寻求者。
‘‘Kathañcāvuso, bhikkhu anāvilasaṅkappo hoti? Idhāvuso, bhikkhuno kāmasaṅkappo pahīno hoti, byāpādasaṅkappo pahīno hoti, vihiṃsāsaṅkappo pahīno hoti. Evaṃ kho, āvuso, bhikkhu anāvilasaṅkappo hoti.
「诸友,比库如何是无浊思惟者?诸友,于此,比库的欲思惟已被断除,嗔恨思惟已被断除,加害思惟已被断除。诸友,比库如此是无浊思惟者。
‘‘Kathañcāvuso, bhikkhu passaddhakāyasaṅkhāro hoti ? Idhāvuso, bhikkhu sukhassa ca pahānā dukkhassa ca pahānā pubbeva somanassadomanassānaṃ atthaṅgamā adukkhamasukhaṃ upekkhāsatipārisuddhiṃ catutthaṃ jhānaṃ upasampajja viharati. Evaṃ kho, āvuso, bhikkhu passaddhakāyasaṅkhāro hoti.
「诸友,比库如何是已平静身行者?诸友,于此,比库以舍断乐与舍断苦,先前喜忧已灭没故,不苦不乐,舍念清净,成就第四禅那而住。诸友,比库如此是已平静身行者。
‘‘Kathañcāvuso, bhikkhu suvimuttacitto hoti? Idhāvuso, bhikkhuno rāgā cittaṃ vimuttaṃ hoti, dosā cittaṃ vimuttaṃ hoti, mohā cittaṃ vimuttaṃ hoti. Evaṃ kho, āvuso, bhikkhu suvimuttacitto hoti.
「诸友,比库如何是善解脱心者?诸友,于此,比库的心从贪解脱,心从嗔解脱,心从痴解脱。诸友,比库如此是善解脱心者。
‘‘Kathañcāvuso, bhikkhu suvimuttapañño hoti? Idhāvuso, bhikkhu ‘rāgo me pahīno ucchinnamūlo tālāvatthukato anabhāvaṃkato āyatiṃ anuppādadhammo’ti pajānāti. ‘Doso me pahīno ucchinnamūlo tālāvatthukato anabhāvaṃkato āyatiṃ anuppādadhammo’ti pajānāti. ‘Moho me pahīno ucchinnamūlo tālāvatthukato anabhāvaṃkato āyatiṃ anuppādadhammo’ti pajānāti. Evaṃ kho, āvuso, bhikkhu suvimuttapañño hoti.
「诸友,比库如何是善解脱慧者?诸友,于此,比库了知『我的贪已被断除,根已被切断,如多罗树头,成为非有,于未来不生起之法』。了知『我的嗔已被断除,根已被切断,如多罗树头,成为非有,于未来不生起之法』。了知『我的痴已被断除,根已被切断,如多罗树头,成为非有,于未来不生起之法』。诸友,比库如此是善解脱慧者。
‘‘Dasa asekkhā sammādiṭṭhi, asekkho sammāsaṅkappo, asekkhā sammāvācā, asekkho sammākammanto, asekkho sammāājīvo, asekkho sammāvāyāmo, asekkhā sammāsati, asekkho sammāsamādhi, asekkhaṃ sammāñāṇaṃ, asekkhā sammāvimutti.
「十无学:无学正见,无学正思惟,无学正语,无学正业,无学正命,无学正精进,无学正念,无学正定,无学正智,无学正解脱。
‘‘Ime kho, āvuso, tena bhagavatā jānatā passatā arahatā sammāsambuddhena dasa dhammā sammadakkhātā. Tattha sabbeheva saṅgāyitabbaṃ na vivaditabbaṃ, yathayidaṃ brahmacariyaṃ addhaniyaṃ assa ciraṭṭhitikaṃ, tadassa bahujanahitāya bahujanasukhāya lokānukampāya atthāya hitāya sukhāya devamanussāna’’nti.
「诸贤友,这些法由彼知者、见者、阿拉汉、正等正觉者世尊所善说的十法。对此,一切人都应合诵,不应诤论,以使此梵行得以长久住世、久住,那将是为了众人的利益,为了众人的安乐,为了悲悯世间,为了天人的义利、利益与安乐。」
§349
Atha kho bhagavā uṭṭhahitvā āyasmantaṃ sāriputtaṃ āmantesi – ‘sādhu sādhu, sāriputta, sādhu kho tvaṃ, sāriputta, bhikkhūnaṃ saṅgītipariyāyaṃ abhāsī’ti. Idamavocāyasmā sāriputto, samanuñño satthā ahosi. Attamanā te bhikkhū āyasmato sāriputtassa bhāsitaṃ abhinandunti.
那时,世尊起座后对具寿沙利子说:「善哉!善哉!沙利子,你对诸比库宣说合诵法门,善哉!」具寿沙利子说了此。导师认可了。那些比库心满意足,欢喜具寿沙利子所说。
Saṅgītisuttaṃ niṭṭhitaṃ dasamaṃ. · 合诵经完 第十